GURU NANAK DEV THERMAL PLANT BATHINDA

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HISTORY

Foundation stone of G.N.D.T.P. at bathinda was laid on 19th November 1969 First unit commissioned 1974 Second unit commissioned 1975
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Sept, Sept, Mar,

Third unit commissioned

INTRODUCTION

It is a coal-based plant combustion of coal Heat convert water in pipes into steam steam run the turbine Rotates generator three phase electric supply is produced
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Hence basic requirements are :

Fuel (coal) Boiler Steam turbine Generator Ash handling system Unit auxiliaries

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PLANT LAYOUT

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DIFFERENT CELLS OF PLANT

CHP(Coal Handling Plant) Coal is unloaded from wagons using wagon tippler
When coal reaches the plant, normal size of coal is about 500mm primary crusher 120mm secondary crusher 25mm coal mill pulverized coal feeded in boiler.
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Wagon tippler

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BOILER

Coal burnt heat (15000 C) Superheated Steam(high P & T) in boiler pipes Turbine(power obtained)

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TURBINE

steam rotates turbine at 3,000 rpm Rotates power generator electricity produced

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CIRCULATING WATER PUMP

Two nos. of circulating water pumps provided for each unit. One for steam cycle in turbinecondenser-boiler 2nd for condenser-cooling tower water cycle Each have capacity of 17200 T/hr

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COOLING TOWER
These are massive ferro-concrete structure having hyperbolic profile creating natural draught of air responsible for achieving the cooling effect. Height -- 120 m Cooling capacity 18000 T/hr for every 100c

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ASH PRECIPITATORS

Fly ash carried by outgoing flue gases is arrested at two stages

a) Mechanical precipitators ash particles are separated out by centrifugal action. b) Electrostatic Precipitators ash particles pass through high voltage electric field, particles get ionized and 5/30/12 are attracted towards the collecting

ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR

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PROJECT

WATER TREATMENT

to prepare boiler friendly feed water

COAL TESTING to calculate

the grading of coal 5/30/12

WATER TREATMENT
v

Natural water is available in abundance, but it contains impurities in many forms which are as : Cationic Anionic Undissolved (suspended) Gaseous

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TYPES OF IMPURITIES
Cationic Calcium Anionic Bicarbonate Un-Dissolved Gaseous Turbidity, silt, Carbon dioxide mud, dirt and other suspended matter colour Organic matter Colloidal silica Oil Corrosion products (condensate) Hydrogen Sulphide Ammonia Methane Oxygen Chlorine

Magnesium Sodium Potassium Ammonium Manganese

Carbonate Hydroxide Sulphate Chloride Phosphate

Iron 5/30/12

Silica

HARDNESS AND SCALING

Bicarbonates or carbonates of Ca and Mg form soft scale Temporary Hardness Deposits as soft scale in boiler pipes. Non-Carbonates of Ca and Mg (e.g.Sulphates ,Chlorides) permanent hardness Deposits as hard scale in boiler pipes, which is difficult to 5/30/12 remove.

When pH of feed water to boiler is below the recommended range chances of corrosion increases, and when it is above recommended value then chances of scaling increases. Corrosion Scaling

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NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF SCALING

Decrease operating efficiency Thermal damage Reduced working life of a boiler Increased cleaning time and cleaning costs

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WATER TREATMENT STEPS

1.

Pre-Treatment of water Make water free from suspended, colloidal and organic impurities. process involved in pre-treatment are :a)Settling and Coagulation(using Alum)

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b)Filtration-Clay ,Colloids ,algae

SETTLING AND COAGULATION

Alum is mixed in water to make solid particles settle down.

Water from lakes

Clear well 5/30/12

DEMINERALISATION SYSTEM It is an ion exchange process with

following steps :-

i) Conversion of salts to their corresponding acids by hydrogen cat-ion exchanger ii)Removal of acids by anion exchangers
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WORKING OF DM PLANT

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Cation exchanger mainly removes Calcium, Magnesium, sulfates, chloride , nitrates and sodium salts alkalinity from raw water

Water from sand filters

Degasser

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Exchanger

Carbon dioxide generated by dissociation of carbonic acid at cation outlet water, is removed by degasser system Cation Anion

Exchanger

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Anion exchangers remove the highly dissociated acids (like H2So4, HNo3, Hcl ) from the effluent of cation exchanger

Degasser

Mixed bed Deioniser

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CONDUCTIVITY AND pH READINGS

Raw water

[pH>7 ,conductivity=200-300 .mhos]

Effluent of cation exchanger

[pH4 ,conductivity=400-800 .mhos ]

Effluent of anion exchanger

[ 7<pH<10 ,conductivity=14-15 5/30/12 .mhos]

Mixed-bed Deionisation

Effluent water after anion exchanger may still have some salts due to them its conductivity is around 14-15 micro.mhos. 7 < pH <10 , so it is further passed through Mixed-Bed Deioniser The mixed bed mixture of Cation and Anion resins is present there. (resin+Hcl+NaOH)
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Mixed-Bed Resin Container

Treated water has pH 6.8-7.2 ,conductivity < 1.mhos

During charging 100kg each of Hcl and NaOH are injected.

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EXHAUST OF DM PLANT INDICATION

Conductivity of cation exchanger decreases Conductivity of anion exchanger increases It means its time to charge the ionexchangers Cation ex. Charged with Hcl injection

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DM PLANT SPECIFICATION

GNDTP has 2 units of DM Plant, each having capacity of 40 T/hr DM water storage tank have capacity of 2456m3 Max running hrs 5(one unit)

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COAL TESTING

Coal used is Bituminous Carbon = (60-70) % Ash = (30-40) % Moisture < (2) % Calorific Value = (3500-4500) Kcal/Kg

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Moisture Content Test

1gm sample of powdered coal is weighed and taken in the silicon dish. Then this sample is heated in oven at 1100C for 1hr.then sample is taken out and again weighed. Loss of weight is the water content.
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Ash Content Test

In this test 1gm sample of powdered coal is weighed and taken in the silicon dish. Then this sample is heated in oven at 8100c for 1hr.then Sample is taken out and again weighed. Remaining is the only ash content.

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For this test 1gm sample of powdered coal is taken. This sample is taken in a silicon crucible dish and heated at 900 C for 7 minutes. Then the remaining amount of sample is noted and the losses are noted.

Volatile Matter Test

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Volatile matters are Hg and NH3.

COAL GRADING FORMULATION

Moisture content - M Ash content - A

UHV (useful heat value)=[8900138(M+A)] Kcal/Kg

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The results of the laboratory tests performed on the basis of the representative samples prepared by the sampling system are used for: Calculating the payment due for each batch of coal supplied Adjusting the coal flow to the mills Calculating the amount of byproducts from each batch of coal Calculating the emissions from each 5/30/12 batch of coal

THANKS ..!!

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