Documente Academic
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MINISTERUL EDUCAIEI
AL REPUBLICII MOLDOVA
Prenumele
Patronimicul
Instituia de nvmnt
Localitatea
Raionul
CHIMIA
PRETESTARE
EXAMEN DE BACALAUREAT
Profilul real
03 aprilie 2012
Timp alocat: 180 de minute.
Nr
Itemii
ncercuiete litera A, dac afirmaia este adevrat i litera F, dac este fals:
1
1) A F O prob de fier ce conine 6,02 1023 atomi are masa de 56 g.
2) A F Izotopii carbonului se deosebesc ntre ei prin numrul de electroni.
3) A F Configuraia electronic a ionului de fluor este identic cu cea a atomului de
neon.
4) A F Densitatea relativ a heliului fa de hidrogen este egal cu 2.
5) A F O sare hidrolizeaz n cazul cnd e format de o baz tare i un acid tare.
6) A F Soluia cu pH = 9 are mediul acid.
2
Scor Scor
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Pentru alegerea condiiilor optime de realizare a unei reacii chimice este necesar de
analizat caracteristicile ei dup toate criteriile de clasificare.
Snt date ecuaiile reaciilor: a) 4 P(s) + 5O2 (g) = 2 P2O5 (s) + Q
[Fe]
HNO3 (d.)
Zn( NO3)2 +
N2O +
H2O
Stabilete pentru acest proces: gradele de oxidare ale tuturor elementelor, oxidantul
i reductorul, procesele de oxidare i de reducere; determin coeficienii prin metoda
bilanului electronic i egaleaz ecuaia reaciei.
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____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
5
Rezolvare:
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Rspuns: a) _________________________________________________________;
b) __________________________________________________________
Hidrogenul este cel mai rspndit element din Univers. Ponderea lui alctuiete n jur
de 92 % din atomi.
Scrie ecuaiile reaciilor n corespundere cu tipul indicat, n care hidrogenul este:
a) substan iniial
1) reacie de combinare _________________________________________________
2) reacie de substituie _________________________________________________
b) produs de reacie
1) reacie de descompunere ______________________________________________
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B ______________________________
A:__________________________________________________________________
B :_________________________________________________________________
Producerea
cauciucurilor
sintetice
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Pentru una din substanele propuse scrie ecuaia reaciei de obinere utiliznd pentru
compuii organici formulele de structur semidesfurate :
____________________________________________________________________
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Rezolvare:
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____________________________________________________________________
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Rspuns: a)____________; b) __________________________________________
11
Industria chimic produce acid acetic de 70%, numit esen. Pentru conservarea
legumelor esena este diluat pn la concentraia necesar.
Rezolv problema. O fabric de conserve consum pe z n mediu cte 200 l de
acid acetic cu concentraia molar de 1,4 mol/l.
Calculeaz ce volum de soluie de acid acetic cu partea de mas a acidului de 70% i
densitatea soluiei de 1,07 g/ml este necesar pe zi pentru activitatea fabricii.
Se d:
De determinat:
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Rezolvare:
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Rspuns:__________________________________
12
b) _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
1,0079
Litiu
Li
6,941
Sodiu
11
Na
19
Rubidiu
Rb
85,4678
Argint
47
Ag
107,868
55
Ceziu
132,9054
Aur
79
Au
196,9665
87
Franciu
Fr
[223]
58 Ce
Ceriu
140,12
Beriliu
Be
Zn
65,38
38
Stroniu
Sr
87,62
Cadmiu
48
112,41
56
Ba
200,59
88
Al
21
26,98154
Scandiu
Si
Sc
Galiu
39
69,72
Ytriu
49
88,9059 Y
Indiu
In
57*
Hg
Ga
Cd
10,81
Aluminiu
44,9559
31
Bariu
137,33
Mercur
80
Ra
59
Pr
Praseodim
140,9077
40,08
Zinc
30
Bor
13
24,305
Calciu
20
9,01218
12 Magneziu
Ca
37
Cs
39,0983
Cupru
Cu 63,546
VI
VII
VIII
Heliu
He 4,0026
Mg
29
IV
22,98977
Potasiu
III
Hidrogen
II
114,82
Lantan
Carbon
14
22
Azot
12,011
Siliciu
30,97376
Vanadiu
15
28,0855
Titan
23
14,0067
Fosfor
16
Oxigen
15,9994
Sulf
32,06
Crom
24
Fluor
17
Cl
25
10
Neon
18,9984
Clor
Ne
20,179
Argon
35,453
Mangan
Ar
18
39,948
Fier
26
47,88
Ti
32 Germaniu
50,9415 V
33
Arsen
51,996 Cr
34
Seleniu
54,938 Mn
35
Brom
55,847 Fe
36 Kripton
Ge
72,59
Zirconiu
As 74,9216
Se
78,96
42 Molibden
Br
Kr
91,22
Zr
50
Staniu
92,9064 Nb
51
Stibiu
95,94
52
Mo
[98]
53
Sn
Sb
Te
40
72
118,69
Hafniu
41
Niobiu
73
121,75
Tantal
74
Telur
127,60
Volfram
79,904
43 Tehneiu
I
75
Tc
45
101,07 Ru
54 Xenon
Iod
76
Osmiu
183,85 W
84
Poloniu
186,207 Re
85 Astatiniu
190,2 Os
86 Radon
Tl
Pb 207,2
104
Rutherfordium
Bi 208,9804
105
Dubnium
Po [209]
106
Seaborgium
At
Rn
Actiniu
226,0254
Ac
227,0278
60 Nd
Neodim
144,24
61 Pm
Prometiu
[145]
62 Sm
Samariu
150,36
92
U
Uraniu
238,0389
93
Np
Neptuniu
237,0482
94
Pu
Plutoniu
[244]
Rf
[261]
63
Eu
Europiu
151,96
Db [262] Sg
*Lantanide
64 Gd
Gadoliniu
157,25
65
Tb
Terbiu
158,9254
[263]
66
Dy
Disprosiu
162,50
[210]
Ni
46
Rh
Paladiu
Pd
106,42
108 Hassium
Bh
Hs
[262]
77
Iridiu
78
Platina
195,08
Pt
Ir
192,22
[222]
107 Bohrium
67
Ho
Holmiu
164,9304
Nichel
58,69
Xe 131,29
126,9045
Reniu
180,9479Ta
83 Bismut
89**
28
Co
Rodiu
102,9055
178,49
Hf
82
Plumb
Radiu
Cobalt
58,9332
83,80
44 Ruteniu
138,9055
La
81
Taliu
204,383
27
109
Meitnerium
Mt [268,14]
[267,13]
68 Er
Erbiu
167,26
69 Tm
Tuliu
168,9342
70
Yb
Yterbiu
173,04
71
Lu
Luteiu
174.967
102
No
Nobeliu
[255]
103
Lr
Lawrenciu
[260]
**Actinide
90
Th
Toriu
232,0381
91
Pa
Protactiniu
231,0359
95
Am
Americiu
[243]
96 Cm
Curiu
[247]
97
Bk
Berkeliu
[247]
98
Cf
californiu
[251]
99
Es
Einsteiniu
[252]
100 Fm 101
Md
Fermiu Mendeleviu
[257]
[258]
Na+
K+
NH4+
Cu2+
Ag+
Mg2+
Ca2+
Ba2+
Zn2+
Al3+
Pb2+
Cr3+
Fe3+
Fe2+
l -
Br -
SO32-
2-
CO32-
SiO3
2-
CrO42-
NO3
CH3COO
2-
SO4
3-
PO4
OH
Not: S substan solubil, I insolubil, P puin solubil; liniua nseamn c substana nu exist sau se descompune n ap.
Cl
Br
4,0
3,5
3,07
3,0
2,8
2,6
Li
K Ba Sr Ca
Na
Mg
SERIA ELECTRONEGATIVITII
S
C
Se
P
As
H
B
Si
Al
Mg
Ca
Na
2,6
1,8
1,6
1,2
1,04
0,9
0,9
Cu
Hg
2,5
2,5
2,2
2,1
2,1
SERIA TENSIUNILOR
Al Mn Zn Cr Fe Ni Sn
2,0
Pb
Ag
Pt
Au