Sta,lnldlar,d Slpeciif"c8.

Jon 10lf Round Timber' plilles'1

niSi ~"taflda~ ill, is!lll.]ed,.1.!n.1lre.r I..h~· ~'U%eiiJ~jlegifruiJti_D.l1J 15; the· .l1Iilltl1Il:te~ i~:lUl],edi~J:ely.rojJnm"~.ll(gd~.e ,dte8~;gnLlliCi\ljJ ,u[ru:i:ic;;UDes. t~e refit a[ o Dig) 111il. a o!ldili.l:iltiLun 11:1:11 cas e of ~~Vil1j,{!!I1i, 1i:]U:!':year o~:Iasr OOll,?isi:o.liL ,A, ilitIH:lil'l'ier il;JI :pal.\e!i:1thlM-le~ ilr:Jrl1~e;a.,~:-,;lli~ yea1~ >t'!f ] imii"1.:1,II!:;appr~Ji'!.p,i:!IL A :';'lJipf.ii"~;t~l1t. ,Of, the ep.t;[~oJ] (fa' indicates an editorial chang,e.' sinee 'nlhebsD. revi :iimii rnr lr-eapprovilIJ . ,. ,
"Hlj~: ~~tlrJ.cla,m 'r,a'~ beet: a:p'P'ro~,"{Jd for
,~ttSf!

by

ag,ef1if.'ies ,of 1:l~en~plU"1mi!:'I~'J of De/tJ/J£il.

L l This sped Hcation covers '[be physical characteristics of unused round limber piles to be used either treated or UIi _,
treated,

bun elrod.aSSUIIJjJlIJg a li near taper; For '~hj speci fleation, S classified by nominal circumference and leng th,
,S.. Q·uaUty Requli.n!meul (AU Piles)

piles are,

and design stresses eCI1!181'1 Ito or greater than those derived from
Method 'DI 2899, 1,3 The values stalled in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard,

l.2 This, speciticaricn is, not. intended 'or preused piles, .. 'I 'L '~I: ' .: ,~ uniess i"LL. pnes nave tne qn.aillJJt,Yspecified ,by this specification we ': ~I h

5...1 PHes shall be of sonud wood, free of decay, insect attack mari ne borer attack, and Li'n]!110ri{,1 damage, except as

herein f]U.O"~,,{ed. lli3.2 and ]14.1. in .5.2 Piles shall be' cut 'above lite ground swell and have' a taper from butt 'to tip.
5.:3 Piles shall have an average rate of growth measured in tile outer 50 % of the radius at the pile tip of not less then 6 ri ngs per ,i nch and shal ~ have ~n average sum merwood content of 0.0;[ '~ess than 3.3.3 %, i1u the outer 50 % of '[be tip radius. Exception; Pi les. 'with ~.essthan (5 rings per 'i men are acceptable

2~ R'eftUl!!!l1ced DucUllBeu.'h
2.1 ASTM Standards:' D 9 Terminology Relati ng to 'WoodF '0 2555 Test 'M,ethods fOllr Establishing Cleat ~looo Strength

V~dlles2.

if the average ,ws50 % or more SIJII]l]L[J])e:rwoQd presen t ln the outer 50 1% of the pile rip radi us,
5.4 Piles that cannot be adequately inspected tor the physi,~alrequirements specified in this specificanon due '[0 adhering barnacles or other material shall nor be permlned,

D 2'899 Method for Bstablishing Design Stresses fo Tlmber P~]es"2 3~ SJl:ecies

RCMLUrud.

0," Wood.

.3.1 Piles shall, be of a:ny species of wood for which clear wood strength values are. given In Test Methods :D'2555.

,I.. Lengtbs 6.,"]_AU piles shall. be furnished in '~eugtbs specified, except

that tolerances shall be allowed as follows: 6,1.1 Piles 40 fl (1.2.,2 m) and shorter-e-plus 1 it: (0.:3 m), minus ,6 in, (l52 mm), 6. 1.2 Piles 411 fi (12" 5' m) .or longer-c-plus 2 ft (0 .. m) '-minus 6 ,6 hI. (t52 nun),

4.. Chlsiiifi,ca,tion 4,1 TI.:m bel.' p:i.~esare commonly used,

'EO transfer structural

loads to sub surface soil bearing strata b,y ~v.ayof friction o.~ tip end. bearing forces!'! or both.. 4.2 Method D 1899 provides a basis for specifying the pHe size. "Ibis standard gives a. procedure for estimating the design stress a:[ ,a~:IDy location aJung the. 'pille length, As design stress must always exceed that Imposed under service conditions, the quotient of the struc lU1~1 loads divided. by the design stress gives all. eSi'[1]:i1If.I3Je the minimum of section p~.'(}pe,ttyrequired at
,[any

'7'0;Sizes,
7,.'], Pile sizes are specified according to nominal cireumference .3 It 1rO:[I] the butt or air.the tip" Tables are provided in Appendix X:1..,:1 to facilitate the selection o:f pile dimensions. 7 ..2 The "out-of-round" ratio (maximum '[0 minimum d:i,a:m~ eter) at the bun or the ti.. S1l1~':1l1iiJ!}[ exceed ID.l. P 1'..3 ,AU circumference measurements shall be taken under the bark .. 7,.4 Cireumterence at 'me bun. shall not exceed circumference .3 ft. (0;9 m) from the butt by more than 8 in. (203 "nUJID). 7',5 Circumlerences given in 'Tub] e 'X 1,.2 and. Tabme' X] .4 are minimum values, No more than 10 % of piles in ;a,my shipment shall ha ve tif C ircurnferences less than the tabulated values, OJ

location,

4, 3 Under '[his specification, ,p:me size requirements estimated :8J.'[ a ~ri·[]ca.1Iocation are extrapolated '[0 either the tip or
This :!;l~C"ufh::;)J~i!t'ilii is under the jw:iooic~,{!iJil of ASTM CmlilnlliUec' D- '1 on 'Wood ad, iis 'nuiler the juri &di.icM.(lin'of SIUb'!:otliln]llit~c'!: D01.04 nn Pole and, Pile Products, U!t:~fiJt e(H~ioo ,~)1'QviS'd A:IiJn!lllO. 1999., Pid}MlJ~1 Aij~iLl-5li ~9~~J;Orl;gim~~'~y ]Ji~'''b~sbeds D 25·_ '[,5. '~M previous ,('t~jdiOfi D 2;5_ 9 ~. a
i
J. ,Ah1"J.t~4'JI

.BVf}k ~tAS:rj\\J Sjw~rl(J!td$., VD:~ Hl 04"

'~

[hose. [hat are below tabrnlaJ~cl values, none shall tabulated 'values by more than 2 In. (5,~ mm),
:8~Sa.. w,o~d. p

V~illy

trom

11., Twist ef G·[m

1.2.1 Spiral gra:im shall not exceed .~.80d~g of twist wben measured over im1)1 20-ft (6.1-:01) section 0"[ the pile,
13,.; Knets

is" :~ Wood pi] es for preservative treatment sh i¥.t]J1 'have sufficient sapwood '[0. meet minimum penetration requireme uts. 9~ Cu'lmllg ,and, ''rr~gl:

9'.1. Bn trs and lips of piles shall he sawed square with the axi s of the piles an d. shal ~ not be OlJ,] t of square by more I han VI f! in .lim. (1 OD mm/m) of diameter, 9.2 A]~knots an d 1imbs shall be 'C~.J[flush 'w'i th [he surface of the pile, except IltIJ3'U. knots m a:y be hand-trimmed flush wi tll the surface of the swell surrounding the knot. ll~ P>edUitg I( Sba,vbil;g)
1n, ]1 Piles are d ossified accordi ng to the extent of bark removal as clean-peeled, rough-peel ed. or unpeeled, 10" ·~.1 'Cllief]m='~eellied les require the rem ova 'I of aUI outer pi bark, In addi IIIOIl} at Jeast 80 % of the Inner bark, welldistributed over the surface of the pile, shall be removed, Piles for preservative treatment sha II have 110 stri P of :i nner bark ~ arger [han 1 b,y (5, ru (25 by]. 52 mm), n. 10.,]l.2. Rough-peeled ~,j~lesrequire the complete removal of all outer bark. '10" ][..3 U npeeled piles require ~ThO ba rk removal ,

] 3.1 S on nd knots shall be 1[10 large r than one srnx th the circumference of the pj ~,e located where 'U.1Je not o-ccurs. k Cluster knots shal ~ be consi de red. as a single knot, end '[be: entire cluster cannot be greater illil si ze than permuted for a single knot. The sum of knot diameters in ,fJJrnlY1--[[((304~mln.) leng th of !piie shall nolo exceed one th ird of the circumference at 'UH! [po;nt 'where they occu I'. Knots shall be measured run accordance wlli th Termi no ~ ogy D '9~ and at a right angle (-0 the leng th of the pi Ie.
] 3.2. Piles ~nilyhave unsound knots not exceeding half the [perm(utted size of a sound knot, provided that the u n SOllJ ndness extends. to not more than a ru 'V2=rn-rl. (38~mm) depth, and th at the adjacent areas of the trunk are not affected.

St-raightn'eH 1'm ".1 A, straight line - rom the cen ter of the butt t.o the cen tel" of tin e ti p shall :1" entirely with in the body of '[he' pi] e. e 1I ,,2 Pi ~e5 shall be free from short crooks that devia te UlOI'e than 2 ~ in. (64 min) from straigh mess in any 5~ft (:~.5-[11) length (see if.'rng. 1.).

u,

14"., Boles, and, Scars l4-.1 Holes 'Iess th an ,VI. i[tf]. {'12. 7' m m) ~n average diameter shaM be permitted in the external ~~:1HII]ige['l'tru;am surface of piles, '~ro: ided that the sum of the average diameters 'of all holes. in any square foo t. of pile surface does not exceed ] Vl in, {38 mrn), and the depth of amy hole does not extend to more than 1 :lhim"(38 mm) and. provided that the holes are mol caused. by decay, mari ne 'borer attack, or Limnoria damage, 1.4:2 I'lltemal '1]0] es or damage 10 the cross-section (bearing) surfaces can sed by decay, marine borers (shipworms O~· [[!!ho,~ads)~ insects are not pennitted, or '14-.:3Pilies having SOUl nd tu [pen ti me scars undamaged by l
insects sha I:~be penni ned.
[II'

E-a ._. ~- ,-

r.
5

-/--::--l -.--'-:
I:) @-~ Oi~

;!:i. xis

f :5 ~ i:;'~ ie n th8 {:iroiJ.l'k,

t~--tt De'.!!of on

h!!'S S .

-.-----1

:1--'-:"

s:\.

A xis. o.f S~c'tiai"l ,A bo';,e the GII'-OOK

~~-------------====---~L-~.

~-

5 f t or less,------.I

- "----:l~· ,-,

-_.

__

.,'---

v::l:5e

2 -'Wnerif!' A:.:.es of S'~r:rion~ Ahf,lo"e Coincide or 'i:l~1! P!!',Clt::tie;,uI11

ar!,j' '8;€hgW G'wlnC'i-dent

th~

Cr'o,o.k

+--- ----,,I Axi's of Se-t. t.i C<fl

--r~'the Crook Ca::i,Q: :3 - Wn i!ii.

m?-t p.Gl~rQII e 8 r'eo

Below

..... i(l p'l;J.lnt If! Cross -Sec~'ion (! t ,M U pp~t Boun 00 i'y ti,r $ht'r1rt C'Qelk

Qf

A;( ~:~" (l-f 'S·i:;!:;:':1!1!:)~'i.o,bovE' 'S cr' Cto{lok CQjnc:i deru , wi t h A x i 8 Be-low t he Grog ~

'Tn~ :~roo

C~;S@:SJ

$hownl ,~ffl 'lYpk;~I" ;and ~~ ~Iilt'€n(h~;d €)~iIi~bli$h pr1iIllC~P~~' m~~~uring shot1l1crooks, lhei~ to th€:i .e)l' I~I"!!: 1 -M··" . I -:- .. _.. 'I' 'Q~I ,~I -h c..r~·~ ._. I.. rll!'I;;,';I~ eas,uremBtl, ill!; ~ _, J C·roo iii; ,..

may lbe other C~~~ not ~adly

li~ th~e iIIll,i:s'1r~&€d-

N~Yn~1-5 U·:=1..5

11111

/~W d~'~
15~ Cheeks, S.bakes, and. S.P~i:t8
IS ..ill A. check shall no'[ extend ,lmlY deeper than to the pith, There shall not be an.y two or more checks extending to the pith. which become contiguous at the pitb.~ except ~~,modi-fied by 1.5,3; A. check is defined as ,¢1. 'lengthwise :seJNJIT.:ID.ti.o]l u:r '[be wood ·a·ClOSS rings 0:f normal growth, extending from the surface the toward the r~rnth,bur I]IJ~ extending through the piece, lS.,.2 The 'length o~r [1iiY shake or combination a of shakes in

D 25 one third 'l,d the circumfere

:rn

nee of the butt of the pile _A. shake

s defi ned as a circumferential separation of the rings of normal

growth ..

15...3 Splits shall not '00 longer Ulan the bu ~t.diameter, A split 'ws def necl. as a '1engthwi se separati on 'OI t he wood across the
rings of normal growth .. extending from one surface through the piece h) the opposite surface.

the outer nne half of the radius of the bun (if the p,:i]e~ hen ''IN measured along the curve or the annual ring, shall un[ exceed

tfL Key·"fon:l.s l ,6..1 piles; -w., mnd timb er piles;

L]:m ber

.AYP.ENDIX
I~N':':, - -. ~ ,Olillmi:EUiI,

d]- 8.lI.Ury .. ill~:OlI..lIDIiUIIIJ.I)OD..,I' - ..iii,.,., 'I. ":: -,' -I" ",.';,," \, d

xi. PJLE SlZE OPT]:'ONS

X] .1 Two 'pile classification systems have evolved along 'with Specification D 2S since ru'[S adoption in t937. The original version of the standard referenced ihree pile "Classes ~ (A, B .ffiu:rud ). These cl asses targeted differs III end uses: ~'i.A.~~ C was designated for use in railway trestles and bridges ... :~B" was tor use :~ decks, w harves and highway work an d ~ 'was for 'I[]JS,~ n 'C" in submerged foundations, cofferdams fal sework and '['~:Ill1IIPOrary strucrnres, Tho main difference between classes .A and B. 'was in the size ca]J1 they would support (minimum of 14 in. for class A. and :I2 111. for cl ass. B). Class C was of lower quality, I'm :1.970the .3 -Class system table of sizes was iliepl~ced 'W ith -two tables givimg COItUnun round tim ber dil]l1tmsit)nS arranged [0 faeilita .. the selection. of pi~e$ aCCiQrd~:n,g, a required minite '[0 mum butt dimension C'fr.i.cti.on'~ p:iles) Of a required minimum tip dimension r~e:nd-bear.rnngl'!' pliles).. In 1991,. the '[WO table system 'was lern;daced. with four tables, reftecrlng the dilfe:r.t:~mC'e in shape of southern pi ne pi~es and C] as'S A and B were referenced in. a footnote to the required Ji1Il:il1!.ru:mniil. bun: tables,

·T.AI·LE: X1 •. Speci~ij'ed IMlinihmmJuml BJuU,and li~' 'S;i~es Cls.ss A 1 'to:r

;~l!lIdiCln~~ B, IPine,~
CilfGililnmfer,enre ·(~nl.) t:iJ8.lliiIeter (In.) gwen "- hracil;:e~s In le.ngth ~'~I} OIiW5S

I~rle

A
Imin ~fp
;8

Cla~.eA

;}n I'tOnrii
milil

bUll

n: toom
Ring

bUI~
IFlfilax

If1f!Irl'l!

·8 inL

If1IiI~' lDouglas Mr,

57 [18]

min

tip 25.

Hp

lJInde r ,~o
40,--54, indo 55~74;incl.
75--90" indo 'OVer :90

SClliJ,th€;m1

:2S

'38

I[g~

I1~
&-3

[~]
22' [~]

;25 [B]I

44[~4]

57

[2D] M

:25 [e;]
:22

l'l
[16] lo·
[6] ~·9'

[20]

1ft']
Oak

'~·1

[1~

1[6J
28

191

u rnd9\f ::Iij
,30'-40J ina.

greater emphasis om class A. and B pile sizes and add. an ;'eight inch tip, natural taper' classitication. The class ..A and B. sizes shown in Tab] e Xl ,m are the same as those presented in the original I 937 edition of SiPec~fi calion D 25. The :.'8 inch lip!" class adopted. '~)y :New York City in the, ,m.96[)sis a replacement for class C and applies "[or piles up '[0 4[) n. in length,
Xl, 1.l In 1998, it was voted to place

44['~4]

57

['10']

1[91

a8
[1:ij 41

5'7 [18]

2:2'

[13] 25
I[a]

[20]

63

If]
ts
[ff%]

Ov-er' 40

[S]

HI'

, For Class B piles a Iminimulm circlUwmlrer:an{;~ @f 34 in, (864 mm) or a d~liTI·el:@r of ~11in. (279 IFilli!!iflI) a& a pol!lt :3 ft ~~ '11) frQmrJl ~hebull: mrJ>ay be '~pooli®d fo~ Ie "gfihs of :25 f~ (7.5 m~·and wnder.

X 1.2. "fa.b!es Xl. 2 -X].5

provide options
Ito ei [her

rOT

msjor pi le

between

species specified according

or
,81,

mi nim urn nominal

ti [CD'

a mintmumnomi nal but [ circum [ere Gee. 'Wbefil [be butt

circumference

is specified, the tip circumference shall not be less [han that. shown in Tables ·Xl.2 Md. XL3. When the top circumference ~ specified, the bun circumference shal ~ not 'be; !ess than that sin own in Tables X 1.4 and XI .. , The differences 5

X ill.• 2 and J{ l..3 and Tables. X W and X l +5 ~4· ref ec t [he' difference between southern pine and thepredomina.. west coast species, Southern pine generally 'bas a hnear to raper of roughly O.'2 ~n..ln from the bu l'~" to [he tip, The predominant west coast pile species exhibit a smaller taper beluw 20 f[ from the bun, g iv ing th.. larger t[PS ~or a given em Table
8,

bun size.

(_
1;A,l)"-IE )['1 ,.2, SiP,ec:ifi~dIBun: ClooMmtf,eNfiljC~Swith! Correspondiing

Mbii~im m 1iIp 'CJ~mll.!mfelfEiiflces ~!~nCoast IDougl:as Il.! Sp€lc~:e:3' IExj~e~tSOl!l~h,enlV€i:llow pineA,£r [~pm'xBlrifi1ale lD'j,aJf]lllelelrs, ~n Ekaoke1s]
;'3'1

•
,35

'D 25

'-1 r IPfll@!s'and
50

othe r

R~UJ~red Minimuml CircllJmrerelllce~ In. :30 't[ from BlJiLts; le:ng~h ('~ij 20

:25

,28

[,811

[:9]

[10] i9i-OI

[111]

38, [U 2]1

[~3]
2,8,,0 [[B\.~n 26,.5

41

[14J

44

[115:]

47

[['16-]

0'57 [Ht]

~'6.Q [5.~]1 ~'6.0

1EU)
[5.1'] 16.0 [5,.1]
'16-0

rs.o
[[,s'.1ll
'16.0

'11

22"'0

[5.7] ~1.Qi

[{ ..O]

,;2C15

:25..G [a..0] 23.5

[5.11][ ~ fLO [5."11]

[[,5..1]
16-0

[.5-.1]

[SAll ']6-0'
~6.rJ'

[6.5]
il~.,(J

'[7.5]
:22.0

2~.~
[[9.4~ 2RO

i[BA]
26,J)

I[S.·l:~

~5_'111
[5.11.1[

is.o
45

[6.,0] 118AJ [~ ..'7]

[7.'0] ::aU]
[e..f]

[5·~1

rr.o

[5A] 11EUj [5,3]

1IS.'Q [5..11]

fW.O [6;.4]
1&5

[[8.0] 24,,0 [[7';6] 23JJ

1[8-~~ 27JJ [8J3ll

26.0

se.o

as,o
2'!UJI

[9.5]
[9_2]
30.0

1[7'..3]
2U)

[[g-3]
2.:iJ)

[&,S]

[[-6.,7.1
~,9',O I[tl,~]

17.0

[7-6~ 22.0

21_01 [8-6,] [B.QI]

2'3.3,

[~,.4] [~8.l

[9-5] 28.0 ,26.8

24.6

,55

1.6,.5 16JJ

~7'.5 1[5..16]
~'6·JJ

1[I.O~
20.3

[a.9]
[8-4.]
[7-a]

31.J
1['1 0' ...0]1 :31,;6

[16-5)
~;6-6

11-,4]
2'I.ei,

[;&,1}

'160.0
[5.1]
16J]

HLO
~6Jl

1[5", "I]

[[.5,;1,] [[,5,.1,]

[5.,1]

[5,9] 17.3 [5.51 ~6.0 [5.

U§L(M

[16-9]
18.9 ['B.O] '16.2

U(lOjl
28.9 ~9:2ll ,2SJ~

,2'~.9 [7.Qi]

~6.0

[5.2]
'116_1 [5.1]

~9.2 [6.1] 117,6116.01 IT5.1] '1!6_0' 11!l-O

[8.:3]1
,24,.0

~e.o
,B5

r~.11

te,n
[5.

[S.1ll

[[.5,.1] ~6J)

~i6J)

'10.01
[5."1] "16-0

[5.5]

[7.6]1
,2'1.·8

[S:9I
:20'.,6

~6,0 ![!l1]
:95 ~,6,.O .

1[5" 1']

[5.1] ~16JJ [5. ~ll

~£J}

[5,1] '116-0
[5.1]

[5-'1] [5;1.1 [5-'1]

'16,0

[6,:6jl 'fl9.5 [5.,2]1

18.,8·

1'6.01

1[5-·1']
~6J)

[5. ~~
~ii5-0

[~.1]
"116,0

16.0 [5-1] [5."1]

[B.Ojl
'1;8.0

![5,,1:l

[5,

[5-1]

~6.0

ts,o

[5:1']1 17.0 [5..4,]1

~S.'O

[5.1]

~S,.'llll
lltl,IO

[5.11J1
16 .. 0

[5..11]1
Wh-e~e IhEl laper BPpli'oo 1.0 the D!Ji~t ircum'f8[eOOE!S c en:si,j re' a 1!iJ"i'lnliitr'lilJlm 5-~IfII. tip IDr purpos,es. or 'd'rivii1J. of ala. ~QI1I'\/,€rI: to 1I1lI~~ric d'irnn~l!J1Sio.n~i'" 1 InL = 25,.4 rnrn.
;it

cBllctJIBit,e, 1:0 1Bj, e:1~QLJIDlereFllQ8'at 'lihe ~ip or less !nratll ~ 8 ln., Ih~ indMidua] ¥alll~,s, nave been ina~e\Ei5ie~ k;! 16 in" to

II,

" '2'5
,

22'

2'5

[1]

[8l

28 [9,1

31

[~0]

1['12:]

38

411 [H~l ~n. 311 [9,9]1

,414-

[14~

[i 5]

47

50

:57

[16]

[18]

M in'ilill'lli!mTIrJ- Circulirllfrerernoes!
:20

16 [S.'I]
16 [5."1 ]

'16

[5;'111

25 30

116
[;5J]

'15
(5.1]

35
40 45

[5.'11']

118 1[5.7] "117 I[S,4] 116 1[5,.1]

2'11

[6.1] 20
[SA] ~:9 [6.0]

2-5 [s,n_]
2>4 [1,e]

:28

[8.(9]
,2'7

~s
ff

[7.3]
22

23

[8Jj] ,26· ~8.J]

30
[9.5]1

34· ['-10.8] ,33 [10.5]

37 [U.S] JH.4] 35

40

[UL7lI
[~2.4~ 3B ["U 2J] 37
~

86

ss

47 I[ ~~.'Oll 46 1[114"(3]j
45

rS.7] [~..~]

[7,,'0]
21 [S.?]' 20

25

29· [9.,2:]1
2-8.

:32 [10.2]

~B.~ 2'4, ;23, 1[7'-3;~

[7'·E3ll

[8.9li
2t'

a~

[11.~]
['1Ir),:8.JI
33,

[9'-.9]
,30

34

1[114~3}
[[1J 4. Oll
I

u~·a]
[11~ A]
3S

44
43

[8.6'11
2:6,

[SAl

50
55 1150

'1:9

[6,,(1]

u·m 2-1
[6,.7] ,201

,22~

[8.3]1 25 [8.0ll
24

[Sl.SJ 2"g [9J2]

~

[[~01,5]1 ['111I.:2]! (
31

1[13.'1]1
42

32

1['111.1]
34

1['113.4]1

[a,Sl [,~.6]
26

[7.0.]
23

27

~EU~]
3Qi

[9.5]
:2~

[110.8~ 33
[~ 0,,5]
3,'2

41

1['113·i()ll 40 1[112.7]1 1['t2A]1

038

[6.4]
~9

[7,-3]1
22'

[,8,3]

[9.2]' 28 [8.9J ;27 [8'.6'J 26

[8.3]

[~ 0,.2]

m~

£570 75 8Q
165

Z5
[.~.O] 2'4, [.7'.6]
. 23

[€Ul]

[7.0]1

31 [9,,9]1
30

1[112:.1]1 37 [111.8]

118
[5.7)1

211
[6.7]1

[9.5]1
29 [9.2]1

20
[6.4.']1 ~:g,

ail
[H.4.]

[/.~]

[6.0]1

ts

[.7'.(~]
,2~

'22

[8Jl]
2,4,

~5

28 [8.9']1
27

35 [111,1]
3d

[5.711

[~.7l

[7.6]

[8,6]1

i[110.S.ji

A W1ler9 thIEl' tape r ~~pliad lQ' the butt cUfGUlmf,em'3oc-e'S~lct!llate' 10 a d~CLninfereJl!oe!' at ~e ~ip of ~e:ss 'tlhar! ~16in., 'lhe iodwiklut:!11 vatu 95. nave lbeenl incrwSisd1 tc 16 in., to lenGUre. a. rnirfillif1lum or 5-~nl" tip for pwpooe!3i o~:-d'Iiv~IlJ]. rillo CiQrrf'iIoert1.0 IFmleit'ic, ,di'ilnen15Jon5i~1 11i'lI. 2~A·rnrn, c; C~a5a A ipiles elf'e' all IIthose Ilis:teci wi~h a speolfli&il rer':luired mnjnimum o]rcum~'e'F-ence o~·~·4·~n. tU 3 n ~'IliomIbUiU. :f) CresSi B IPiles ~ lhn5te!! Ilisted 'wltLh a. ,specir~redl requirM rniltllimlLllfilll oi r:Cl!Im~:er.:ence at ,3 n (trom buU. (]If 3i5 I'll'lI. ;and Ie.ng~hs o~'20 to -2i-5 n rninimllJml'll oi~,clml~'e;Fence a13 ([ '~'~Ofl1 bu~t or ,38 in. ,and l;erJg~~5; Oif 20 :['0 00 'r~,aJndl milnfmulm ,circlIJ FIIlI"er~~c-e a13 ~llf\am IbllJ ,of 411 fl'l!. 9!f1Idl lengtlls or !i5 to M rt. r U ~ SOlI It,"e~n )fe-'mow P\irle piles are' gel1eraJlI~~l al;!airabh:~! in ~englh.5 :shQFiI.\9~' Ihao 7'0 rt air g[rth or tess than 50 ij'nl. at J '~~ '~f,1om ~l!lt A daJrk 1"()nl~ord,aJ line' kll each col umln
I;;[!

d~~lfIide.5 pile si2es {above the Iline) whim

~,e gen,er,aJly avallable.

The pUi"iChalser 'shoulil1 ~h1U ire, as, l'O ,availlabtlll:1/ (}f slzea Ib~lQ,w 't1"1elines"

/1~1~ D".',,5-;-'' 2'.. V _"'

TAB,LE, ,)(1.4 S,pooiifi:ed TI~pC~itGUlmfetelnoe:!;;j wl~jh ,eQrlre~fl n diilnlQIMilhlimum 18uIlt eir!r.:l!.Ilmf~e~f,eliiu:;::e5, PUe~i o~:co~sm I1l~'DJ:gll(!I~' and OfJhet for Fir A, ~ Species, IEx,~e,'t50uUtem 'YelloW' Pine

~:Ap:proxijma:l@ 1Dij,8Jmsh~ ~n ISrad-kElf~:sJ rs 1R:~qUiffld MinimUlm

iLefl,gID '~i, "

1i!p Citcu!fl'llerence;"
in"

ts

19

22
[7]

[,5,]

[6]

25

28,

3,1

[,8ll

1[9i]

[10] 36.0 [1 ~ .5,] :307.3 [1 ~ .,S,] [1:2.3]

3i9.8

~5
[111]1
,410.01

sa:
[~2]

CircL!mlereFtloes3, It 'flrcliiIl BUrt~, [!'!I. :2'1',.0 I[e,,']

,22'J~

20
25

24.0 [7.6]

27.0

:80..,0

38,.0

,413.01

1[7'-1]
1',"1_

25:3

[8.6,]
28.3 [9.0] 29.5 [!~bf]

[9,5]1
,31 ..:3

[~'a.S]

[12.7]
4~.3,

[13.7]
,4.4.3,

3tO

,2,'3,.5

[8. tl 28.5

1[1..5]]

35 40
4,5 ,:5Q

:24,.8

1[7'.9]
,26J]

21.8

[8.4]

UOI.,rCl]1 :32.~ [1 ~l:311

:33,.,8,

34.3 [~flSJ
,35,1) [~ 1.:3,] 36,.8 [~1.7] 36.0 [~ 2.1 J ('t2 ..(] :

18.o
41.0

[13.1]
42.5 [13.5]

[14.1]

,~.s

30.6 32.1) [1~l:?] 33.3,

[10.5]
,34.5-

[8.g] 29.0

[9J~]

1['1,0 .:8]1
1

[~2.7]
[~3.0~ 42.3 [~3.5]

·413.8 [1:).9]

,[14,.5] ,4£.8

1[8,.3]

,27.3
![EL'7] ,2,8"S

55' IDO

1[:~l1]
:29'"5

[9.2] 30.3 [9.6] 3'1.5 [10Jl]

[11 . tl :36.3
[11,,6]

,35.:0

,45.0

[14.9]
48.0

eaa
4'1]',8

[14.3]

'[1.5.3]
'4l,~.;j,

[~'1.0l

[1'1,,9']
,38,..8 I[f, 2',A 11
40'.,0

~715

40.:5 [~,2'.. J 9 [~:3,,31

43.0

32.8
[10,4,] 34.0

65
7'0

1[9""5] 311,,0 [,9".9] 82',.8

[1n .. ] 3 33,.5

35.8 [U.4]
3,7.(1

~:~8.a~
,".8
[~4.3] %.0 [U4.6]
41.3

43.5

4l6.~, [,14,.7) 47.5 '[15.1] ,~.8 [15.5]

[15.7]

so.s

[,16.1]
51.8 [1e.S]

[~O.8]

315.3

[1. 1"B:] 38.3

rn~.2] ,:39.5 [12.6] ,40.8

1[']2',,7]1
4,1.;3 {1r:3,,.'II] 42,,15,

[~3.7J
,44,,3

so.o

.53.0
[16.9]

[15.9J

5~.3,

,54.3, 55.5

[1'O.lj] 7.5
34.8

['11,.2]1 36.5 [1 ~.6]

3'i.8

[~4.1J ,45,,5

[~5.] t
4;8.5

[,,16.3]

U:3,·5l1
4~.,8

[~tS] .. 461,.8

1[11'1. ] 1

80 8~ 90
~5 1100 tOS

315',11

~:~2.Q]
[12.4]

[13.0]
'~2J} [1'3.~] ,43.3,

t~·1.5] 3'/'.3 l['111.st]

38,.5
[1:2,,2]

39.0
40.3

1['13.:9]1 ,45.0

[~4.:9J
4EU1

[~5.4] 49.8

[~5.~
51.0

52.5 [1~.{] 5:3.8 [17_-1] [17.5] 5:B..3, ['17.9J ,57.5 [18.::3,] ~.8
[18.1] SO.O'

r17.~'1

[1r.iJ
56.8 [18.1]
58.0

U,~,,;3ll
46.:3 [,14,,,7']1
,47.,5

[~2,g]
4,1.5 ~:~R2] 42.8

[13.8] ,414.5, [1,~.2]

,~§.8

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[12',.l]]

[~3.6]
44.0

114,.5]

411.0
[1:S.0~ 4.2,3 [1,a ..5]

[ht.O] ~.3
[1~t~] M15

,4,I.iJ [15.0J 4.8.3

1['15.11]1 46.'3 l[fJ5·~11 ,501;,Q 1[']5.,9]1

,$1.:3

[~6Jl] 49'.3 [~ 5".7] :5[15 [~'o" 1] 51,.8

[HL~l

[~6.2] 52.3 [~6.6~

&'3.5

55.a.

[18.5] 5t~.3, ['18.st] 00.5

[1~t3]

[~7.0~
54.8

15'1.8
[Uti']

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$4,.3

[~7.4] ~B.O

[fr.8]
.57.3
5fU5

[,19.-1J

no
US t2Q
A

[15.'~]
,,;119.5-

4'8.5
[13,.8]

[~4.8]
47.8

44,.8
[14.8']
,4ELG

[1~.8] ,50.8
[16·2:1 52.0 r1EL~]

['j,,6,3]1 52~5, 1[~S.:l]

,SilkS

[~'7,,~J
55,,5

[~8.2]
[~8J~]
II ••

[fi"l]
SEtB [~ -8-. 1]

[~5.2]
49.0

1[17"c~]1
,55"iQ

[14,.6]
D IPile:5,p!JIF,ChitlJS~ a;s,

[~5.6]

{17,,5ll

[~e,S]

sao

TQ eenvert to ImB~J'ie djmerl!Sioos, 1 ln, =' 25.4 mm.,

~8·in" and Il'!la~!Jrallaper"" haJ\il6 a reqlJlir,adl rnmlmum

tip cf,r~lmf6~:e~6

,of 2-5. in. aJl'lldi aJre ,a'!,iiajill~bile; le~lh!1ii ,~fJ: ,20 to ;;11-5 U, ilill

<d~'~ D 25 ~
. _.

TABLE. X~.5 S:p-eclm:ied 'fl'iP C;lreum,f;efenC~tSwith Cormspcuounliilg IMIIIiiI UITII Brut: 'crnreumf,erreflces '~,o:r culIth:em Yellow Pine IPijles,A.~c m S I[Al)prO\.'.(~mat'e' Dham~t~r:s 'j n IBr,acketsi]
liequllre:d Mtliflllii11.WlIiinI
1~ 119 :22

TI,p. CJ~>Qumi~'~nC~'1 IlIilI. leng~~i 'f~'

20,

1[5] 19 [a.O] 20

[6J 22 [T..O] 23 [7"..~~

,24,

[7]
25

25· 1[8]
MinimlUlllill CirQum.f.~~-l'lICe~ 3'~

28

,3]

[9] &om 18!lJt~,[ril.

:3:1

[110]
34·

[1'1]
38

35

38

[121
,4.1 [13-'0']1 42 [ ~3-4]1 43 "[11JJ'.1i

25
30<
35
4Q'

[8.. ']1 0

['6.4]
2:1 ['6..7J
22

26
[I.3ll 27 [8 .. ]1 6 [8.9']
:29

28 [8.:9;]' 29· 1[8'.2] [9.5J ~l'll

[9.9] 32'

[tl~~
32

[1(H~] [1'1,,'1'] :36 ·37

[~'1,8] :Sl8

[7J~]
.25 [5,0] ,~6

30

[~IO-2] 33 [~1Q.5] 34 [1'0.8] 1[1L11ll

;3J6

~5

1['112.'11]1 U,2.4jl
40<

39

[~ AJ

1[11'2'J']1
41

[~'·ql

28

44,
1[~;ttOl
45

1[13.,0]1
42-

45 so
55,

[-8..3]

.27 [6,6]

~9.2'l1
30'

[101.2] l10 ,,5]

1

85

[9.5]1

38 34
35·

tn

[9.9] 1[11t2]i [

[1ll:8]

32

['11_.1]
[11.4+) 37

[1.2'_1:~
:39 [~2.4]

1[11 A]I ~l7 [11.8]1 38

[_t2.·1] 39

[12-41:] -40 [12.7]

1[13 ,.,4·]1 43U:3,.7]1

4~·

"[114,,8]1 46 [114.6]

1[14,,,njl
45

47
rll~.nlf
48

4~
[13.0] 42

1[14.-3]1
45

[1IS_,3ll
49
[1i5.£i]i

16Cl'
€i5

3~, [10.5.]1 1[11U3.l1 [

36

a4.

['11_8]
[12~,1J
39'

[1.2-'1"]
4:1

·410

[13.4+) 43 [1:l7]
,44,

[1-4,.'6]1

47
1[15.0]1
481

[115.9'll
5'1 [11 {L2]1

so

fiJI

95 [11IJ] [~'11,4,], 37 [H.B] 38

38

751

36

[~8-~~
·42

8n
851

[12,A,1
40

[~~!-4,]

[12'.'.]
[13.0]
4,2

[~,3.1]

·43

[14JJi] 45 [1 ;~t:3] 46
[14.6]

1['152l1 i[''H5,.6ll 1["1'5:9], 5'1

49

.on

£In
A

1["12.'1l: 39
1[1I~All
"1o'\!",~", .. '" u'._m '1_ r:;;~ i' h•.1"",.,..ill1... ,...Ii"i'"'-""O'i''''i'"'fj li:I'l' l I!L!! l'I~'l:r~~ _U !oJ !'!I =L I'>] U

4~

~:~4_~~
,4!;5

·4,4

[loJ)I]
48

47

[['11~"6li 53 [lS.9'll
54·

52

[1!3.4]

[~4.3]

[15.:3]

U6.~2ll 52
1["16,.6]!

['1112} 55 Iii,~5]1

"fi""
_U'

pmcha.:sed dYS, h~in" aJnd IliIatm.a.I ~a:per' halVe ,9. ~equir,edl m[n[rrmu m lip cfrromfereooe >Clf 25 irn. aJi1d :are ,e.vrnilab1e' in ~en'Jlh5 ii}~' 20 te ,40 [, c S;ou~heFfi Yellow PUne pJlf;S i3.LFe :gene rally ava:lIeb'le i"n 11engUMs snorner than 10 It. or gir~ O'f less, Vh@lll 00 [no a!. ~ !t. froliifll IbuU, A dark ho r]~ootal ~ne ~n ea.cn tolUlmWil ~esigM~e9, pile sizes (above the IltnE!') 't\i.him Sf'e' ~fim,er,eJly available. Title pLm::halS!eF sh auid ijhq!wire' as [0 :e.'ifairabi[ill/ Qif sil.Jes betlow '~Jhelines.
:a lPile5,

1 II~ ,

,!~.

;;;;";;1::::.4 _ ~mu..... li'I?i ';;;II. I~.

if;] J:h~s5Ja~'tCiard., U5'6!fS,()f" this Sliimar1ld are 'f3X.f)f9SSty·advisad lhat d8Je~minafff;m of the vatic/Ny ()f (:ilfi!_Jt 5'Uch :f)a.tenl· fights. and'the "13k
of",rnfrmgem'6nt ot sf~ch' rigtrls" ;!:lIre entire~y Ih9'lr
OWiij

ASTM rntm"naffona'

take~ no posruan ffjSpec1:11'tf} the lIa'Jidlly of' a~y p:aten~' .rights cJ"ss·riwl6d comleb:tliOfl witfr tNilf ilem' men,tiOJ'lOO in re:sponstbililY. -

to ~~lAsjiJnat an:r time by' the ffl~nsrbf~' 'fJ(;hni'Ca/' Wr;lrmittee.'and' rfltJsl b6' reVi&W9d ,e-very f~ years arid if not l'fJllisad,. eMil6/' reafJfJf(J!v:ad or :wilhdwlNl1·. Yoor ~me'nts aF<ehwvtlfJd ~1h8f rot,reWsion GfJMs '/31anaa'fd ('N' for a€tdioon.iJ~.Sla'I;I~rdiJ and sJp(W~dlle'a,~ssed trt AS1M f,n1-emaoonal HeadquaJttJrs. Ymw cOIl1m.ents rect)iV9,~~9fu' oo1'rS~ralit1n at a ffle~tifJg of Ihr3 {~sPDnsitJle ~'echJ"liG~oOfflfnJUee. wWc-h _vail rlUJf aiJ;emj, "'yeLl' feel ~\f'ral" }'iOur Ct'li!1mlem5 h~:lie M'l.r:eo~"vHd ~ fair Jlearfng you sJ~rJUfd make your ~1·~~ koow;i1 .~otile A8TM Com-mlfl"ee on S1iifJdards', at' t/l',s arMf:es'S shmm be.iow.

-rfrffi ,~ta!1dard fs. suqj~

wm

171i;5 ,~tiImcfard is ,ooP,Wfghted by ASTM fJ'~te1"nCJliona/"NJD Barr N~Of £,!,riv@, PO Bo,y C7OD, We~t COA~fl0Iwcl<-ef.l', PA 't- 942S"',2/a'59. United S1Slte5. inrNW.mral r:e-;mW5 (smgle or muftlpf.e, ,~~) of JJ'Us .s~aooam.may be ob.rained by comaol1ng ASTM 81 ,tIle aoo~ .a'ii"(Jr.essOr a'r' BU'_~·2,-·9:58§·(pJ"JOcrJe)), en 0-832'~9555 (fax), OJ' sefl/fce@aSlm.Of{J (e-maJl); Of tJmx~gh ~he ASTM wem'ite (!,v.ww.asrm, Ofg).