PROJECT ON SUMMER VOCATIONAL TRAINING

(From 24th May to 23rd June , 2012)

SUBMITTED BY:BY:PARWEZ ALAM

Branch(Sem.):- Electri Electrical & Electronics Engineering th Sem.) Engineering(5

(BHILAI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY RAIPUR) ITUTE NOLOGY,

[BATCH - 2010-14] BATCH:

ACKNOLEDGEMENT
This report pertains to take vocational training which was undertaken under Mrs.

Shashi Simu(A.E.E.) , Mrs. Praful Lata(A.E.E.) , Mrs. Sunita Kumari(J.E.E.) ,Ms Anamika Gupta(J.E.E.) , Mr. Rahul Kumar (J.E.E.), Mr.Kamlesh Kumar(D.E.O.)
SCADA(PESU), B.S.E.B. PATNA. The main purpose of the training was to acquaint myself with practical experience of actual work condition in which we are required to work in future.
.

I learnt a lot from the practical experience of the engineering & other personals under whom I was placed for training.
.

This helped me to develop the habit of analysis critically various aspects of problem at the time of decision making. Finally; I would like to express my thanks to all of the technical & non technical persons for the co- operation & valuable guidance during my training period.

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this report is to define SCADA systems are and their application in modern industry and infrastructure, to elucidate the reasons for rising concern over the security of these systems, to analyze the fundamental vulnerabilities and to put forth recommendations for the implementation of security in these systems. SCADA is not a specific technology, but a type of application. SCADA stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisitionany application that gets data about a system in order to control that system is a SCADA application. SCADA is used to manage any kind of equipment. SCADA platform is not only supporting a safe and efficient energy distribution but also is an energy information system, providing decision makers with reliable process information. The systems are based on an open system concept and fully redundant architecture for mission critical applications. PESU stands for Patna Electricity Supply Undertaking. SCADA/DMS project for PESU(East) & PESU(West) circles of BSEB is being executed under APDRP Scheme. PGCIL has been appointed as Advisor-cum-Consultant by Ministry of power, government of India for execution of this project on turn-key basis. PGCIL

CONTENTS

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

SCADA/DMS PACKAGE at PESU INTRODUCTION TO SCADA/DMS SYSTEM FUNCTIONLITIES OF SCADA SCADA SYSTEM SCADA NETWORKING SYSTEM SCADA / DMS CONTROL SYSTEM 33/11KV IGIMS SUB-STATION REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT(RTU) CUSTOMER CARE SYSTEM MASTER BILLING SYSTEM SPOT BILLING MACHINE(SBM) BILLING CALCULATIONS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM OPTICAL FIBRE EXCHANGE

SCADA/DMS PACKAGE at PESUCADA/DMS PACKAGE at PESU

SCADA/DMS project for PESU(East) & PESU(West) Circles of BSEB is being executed under APDRP Scheme. PGCIL has been appointed as Advisor-cum-Consultant by Ministry of Power, Government of India for execution of this project on turn-key basis. PGCIL awarded the work to M/s ABB at total cost of Rs.13.64cr. Execution of project is in progress under the supervision of PGCIL and being executed by M/s ABB and its vendors. The intent of this project is to establish. i)Computerized Billing including Customer Indexing, Collection and Energy Audit System. ii)Computerized Customer Care System. iii)SCADA/DMS Control Centre for 44 P/S/S. iv)Associated Communication System. v)Auxiliary Power Supply System. Under the project a common SCADA/DMS Control Centre, Master Billing & Collection Centre and Customer Care for both PESU(East) & PESU(West) circles has been established in division/sub-division offices of both the circles. To meet the Communication requirement of the project all the sub-stations are covered under the project and MCC has to be interlinked by Fiber optic/Radio Communication. For data transmission, RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) are to be installed at all 44 sub-stations. The energy meter being installed shall be used for providing analogue data to the RTUs. SCADA and Master Billing system data shall be used for energy accounting and Customer Care System.

INTRODUCTION TO SCADA/DMS SYSTEM

SCADA stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition and DMS stands for Distribution Management System. SCADA systems are used to monitor and control a plant or equipment in industries such as telecommunications, water and waste control, energy, oil and gas refining and transportation. A SCADA system gathers information, such as where a leak on a pipeline has occurred, transfers the information back to a central site, alerting the home station that the leak has occurred, carrying out necessary analysis and control, such as determining if the leak is critical, and displaying the information in a logical and organized fashion. SCADA systems can be relatively simple, such as one that monitors environmental conditions of a small office building, or incredibly complex, such as a system that monitors all the activity in a nuclear power plant or the activity of a municipal water system.

FUNCTIONALITIES OF SCADA
This provides for real time monitoring and control of the power system network with the following functions: Data acquisition - Furnishes Status information and measurands data to the operator. Control Allows the operator to control the devices eg., Circuit Breakers, Transformer Tap changers etc., from a remote centralized location. Data processing includes data quality and integrity check, Limit check, analog value processing etc., Tagging Operator identifies any specific device and subjects to specific operating restrictions to prevent from unauthorized operations.

Alarms - Alerts the operator of unplanned events and undesirable operating conditions in the order of their severity and criticality. Logging Logs all operator entries, alarms and selected information.

Trending Plots measurements on selected scale to give information on the trends eg., one minute, one hour etc., Historical Reporting To save and analyze the historical data for reporting, typically for a period of 2 or more years and to archieve.

SCADA SYSTEM
A SCADA system usually consists of the following subsystems: A humanmachine interface or HMI is the apparatus or device which presents process data to a human operator, and through this, the human operator monitors and controls the process. A supervisory (computer) system, gathering (acquiring) data on the process and sending commands (control) to the process. Remote terminal units (RTUs) connecting to sensors in the process, converting sensor signals to digital data and sending digital data to the supervisory system. Programmable logic controller (PLCs) used as field devices because they are more economical, versatile, flexible, and configurable than special-purpose RTUs. Communication infrastructure connecting the supervisory system to the remote terminal units. Various process and analytical instrumentation

SCADA system is used to distribute the power not to generate and transmit the power. In this system, Energy meter data and circuit breaker/isolator status(ON/OFF) of all 44-sub stations(33/11kv) will be collected by RTU and will be sent through communication system(fiber optic/Radio) to SCADA control room. Available sub-stations data can be utilized for report generation, energy accounting, customer care and other activities. In this system, Energy meter data and Circuit Breaker/Isolator status (ON/OFF) of all 44-sub stations (33/11kv) will be collected by RTU(Remote Terminal Unit) and will be sent through communication system (Fiber optic/Radio) to SCADA Control room. Available sub-stations data can be utilized for report generation, Energy Accounting, Customer care and other activities. The power flow can be control by issuing command from SCADA control room to the Circuit Breaker of respective feeders at 33/11kv PSS. The power flow can be control by issuing command from SCADA control room to the circuit breaker of respective feeders at 33/11kv PSS. In this system, a firewall is placed in MCC which is used for protection of the data of the system. If one wont to take the data from MCC through computer then one should have to know their security otherwise he/she cannot take the data of MCC through computer and this protection is done by Firewall. In this system, to connect all the power sub-station (PSS) to MCC Optical Fiber Cable(OFC) is used. OFC has three pair and each pair contain two fibres. So OFC has total six fibers are used in present and rest four fibers are reserve for any other work which will required in future. In this system, one fiber is used for billing and other is used for SCADA Networking. In this system,

a Router is used in MCC which used to connect the different computer networks to each other. Suppose a network is of 192-168-1.0 is present and we need to communicate with 172-16.0.0 then we take help of Router.

SCADA NETWORKING SYSTEM

SCADA Networking system deals with flow of current from Pannel to field and field to panel by the help of different types of equipment. Line of site communication (LOS-COM) transferred by client Radio with the help of Directional antenna and received by Master Radio with the help of Omni antenna. Then LOS-COM went to Power Over Ethernet Protocol. There are two types of panels in the Master PSS :i) RTU 560 PANNEL:- Remote terminal unit is a Receiving terminal. There are many sections in RTU also Used for communication purpose between field to Office and vice-versa. LOS-COM went to D-link switch through POE. There are 8 ports in the D-link switch. 4 are always in used and sat some places more are in use. This RTU is also connected to 3KVA UPS through D-link switch. This UPS 230v for its operation and supply 48v for RTU operations. Extention rack is connected to D-link switch and one to POE and other is connected AC power ports. The D-link switch is also connected to VOIP and this VOIP is connected to telephone set which is used to Exchange for communication. PLC(Programming Logic Control) is also connected to the D-link switch. This equipment is to indicate any Radio fault for Active and Standby mode. The battery bank are also available that are used in case of power failure. ii)FOX 515 PANNEL:- It is panel that supply or receive LOS-com, from subRadio or Radio to Pannel. There are group of cards of FOX 515 are as follows. station to

Card no.21 is used is to supply power and called as POWER SUPPLY UNIT. Card no. 15 and 17 is known as TOUPAN card. This card is for signal transmission and receiver. Card no.7 is known as COBOX card. This card is act like a micro-proccesso of this system. Card no. 5 is used for Billing purposes. One switch of D-link is connected the FOX 515 and then to substation FOX 515 then it is connected to MCC. All these connections are done using wires. 2 LAVA card is used for communication purposes

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TALK / DATA TALK RS CS TR RD TD CD

DIGHA OLD
TA LK / DATA TAL K RS CS TR RD TD CD

MASTER CONTROL CENTER

RBI COLONY
TA LK / DATA TAL K RS CS TR RD TD CD

TALK / DATA TAL K

RS CS TR RD TD CD

DIGHA NEW
d i gi t a l

WALMI
TALK / DATA TAL K RS CS TR RD TD CD

RAJAPUR GARIKHANA
3Com

PATLIPUTRA PSS

d i

gi

t a l

TALK / DATA TAL K

RS CS TR RD TD CD

BOARD COLONY

SK PURI
d i g i t al

d i g i

t a l

PATLIPUTRA DIV AT AN COLLEGE PSS

TA LK / DATA TALK

RS CS TR RD TD CD

DANAPUR PSS
d i g i t a l

VIDYUT BHAWAN
TALK / DATA TAL K RS CS TR RD TD CD

3 Com

DANAPUR DIV AT IGIMS PSS GOLA MAHRUF ROAD GANJ PADRI KI HAVELI
3Com

VETENERY COLLEGE
d i gi t a l

VIKAS BHAWAN NC DIVISION

TALK / DATA TAL K RS CS TR RD TD CD

PATHAR KI MASJID BANKIPUR

d i g i t a l

SINCHAI BHAWANI
TALK / DA TA TAL K RS CS TR RD TD CD TALK / DA TA TAL K RS CS TR RD TD CD

KHAGAUL EXCISE COLONY

SUB-DIV1 BANKIPUR SUB-DIV2

MANGAL TALAB
TALK / DATA TAL K

HIGH
RS CS TR RD TD CD

MAL COURT SALAMI

T A L K / D A T A T A L K R S C S T R R D T D C D

KATRA PSS PATNA CITY DIV

TALK / DA TA TAL K RS CS TR RD TD CD

KARMALI CHAK

PAHARI GARDANI BAGH

3Com

TAL K / DATA TALK

RS CS TR RD TD CD

GAIGHAT NMCH PSS GULZAR BAG DIV

d i g i t a l d i g i t a l

d i

g i t a l

ANISHABAD
d i g i t a l

MEENA BAZAR
3Com

JAKKANPUR BEUR
d i g i t al

RK NAGAR BAHADUR PUR

d i g i t a l

P OWE RF AU LT D ATA A LAR M

BANDAR BAGICHA

BANKIPURDAK BUNGLOW DIV AT MAURYALOK PSS

TALK / DATA TALK RS CS TR RD TD CD

3 Com

KANKAR BAGH RAJENDRA NAGAR

d i g i t al

d i

g i t a l

KARBHIGHAIYA
TALK / DATA TAL K RS CS TR RD TD CD

ASHOK NAGAR

MACHUA TOLI
TA LK / DATA TALK RS CS TR RD TD CD

PMCH
d i gi t a l

SAIDPUR SK MEMORIAL

TALK / DATA TAL K

RS CS TR RD TD CD

LEGENDS
3Com

SAHITYA SAMMELAN (KADAM KUAN BCC)

d i g i t a l

FO+MAR(MASTER)+RTU+BCC FO+MAR(MASTER) +RTU

MAR(REMOTE)+RTU+BCC

OFC MAR LEASED LINE FO MAR RTU BCC ABBREVIATIONS Fibre Optic Node Multiple Address Radios Remote Terminal Unit Bill Collection Center

TALK / DA TA TAL K

RS CS TR RD TD CD

MAR(REMOTE)+RTU

FO+MAR(MASTER)+BCC RTU WITH FO LAN EXTENDER

FO+RTU+BCC BCC ON 64KBPS Leased Line

POWE R FAU LT D AT A A LAR M

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SCADA / DMS CONTROL SYSTEM

SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) or (DCS) Distributed Control Systems , are systems which provide automation control over large industrial and commercial operations providing real-time data transmission by telemetry from remote location sensors for processing and analysis resulting in a feedback loop for computerized control over system operations. SCADA is used extensively in water/wastewater utility services to monitor critical control factors such as water tank levels, water pressure, water flow etc. SCADA processes cover areas that may be measured in the thousands of square miles, and have dimensions that may be hundreds, occasionally thousands, of miles long. The basic components of the SCADA control system are: Data Acquisition Data Communication HMI - Human Machine Interface and Data Presentation Control Data Acquisition Data acquisition in the SCADA control system is gathered by sensors that are classified as analog or digital. Digital sensors indicate definitive states ie. on/off, pressure/no pressure. The analog sensors provide variable voltage or current signals that provide real time data. This data is usually stored in a database for future retrieval. These sensors provide accurate run state information such as tank levels, pressure values etc. Data Communication Data Communication is the ability for the individual components of the SCADA control system to communicate with each other. Earlier versions of SCADA systems used radio, modem or dedicated serial lines for communicating with the external sensors of the SCADA network. Currently SCADA data is transmitted via Ethernet and IP over SONET. Security is a concern so the SCADA network should be kept on a closed LAN/WANS. Todays trend is to communicate data via encoded protocol, either proprietary or open, standard protocols. Part of today's SCADA challenge is integrating various manufacturer's components and getting them to be able to communicate with each other. HMI - Human Machine Interface and Data Presentation Data Presentation is handled by a master station, also called a HCI (Human Computer Interface) or HMI ( Human Machine Interface). The master station's job is to monitor the system's sensors and generate an alarm when the operational control limits or standards on the individual sensors output has deviated from normal. The master station then summarizes all the information and generates logs, historical trends and any deviations from standard limits. This information is usually displayed for ease of operator interaction in control boards.

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Controls Controls of the SCADA network's automation is completed by monitoring feedback from the master unit with input from human operators.Todays's SCADA systems are fully capable of full automation and control of regulating complex water/wastewater utility systems. Summary Problems with your SCADA control system results in downtime, inefficencies, customer complaints and cost overruns. By properly maintaining your system, substantial savings in labor for monitoring, control, downtime and modification to service schedules may be achieved.

As we know that, in SCADA three integrated sections are present. These are:1.Customer care center 2.SCADA/DMS control system 3.Master billing centre The computer system present n all the sections are linked with each other.System present at control room can get the data and information present in system of Billing or Customer care centre. This communication link includes several routes present in each sections. i.e. to communicate with different systems in different sections includes some common devices that are required for communication. These devices are:- D-link switch, router etc.

System present in control room are connected to the D-link switch, this switch is connected to the Router(Gateway) . Then this gateway is divided in two sections:Billing router and also with the customer care router. Then these sections separately contain D-link switch via computer sections present at different sections.

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The system present at a section can check data and information present in other system of other sections only by knowing the IP address of that system. Every system have their individual IP address allotted only for them. Thus, we can easily check the data of Billing sections or Customer care section by sitting in control room, and can guide them when required. Which are briefly describe below.

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33/11KV IGIMS SUB-STATION

The sub-stations are divided into two sections are:1)Input section. 2)Output section. Here, the electric supply or the line of site communication is supplied by two input sections and transfer to 5 output section after its conversion. The input sections are:i) ii) Board Colony Canal

The output sections are:i) ii) iii) iv) v) Walmi Garikhana Vetenary College Danapur Khagaul

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When one input supply is in active mode the other remains in standby mode. In Board colony input section, there are 2 Insulator and 1 Breaker is present. The Breaker is situated in between these two Insulators. Where as in Walmi input section only 1 Insulator is present and the Breaker is absent. These two input sections supplies 33kv voltage. Then this voltage is fed to 33kv Breaker present at PSS. Breaker is used to break the connection if any fault is found also for sent repairing purposes. After that this voltage is transfer to the 33kv BusBus-bar. The insulators used at this place are made up of glass or sugarsugar-soil. When wires are connected by cross arms on over head lines then line should be insulated. For this purpose d insulators are used in Bus-bars and in transformers. These insulators should be very strong Bus bars and of high frequency that can bear the load of high voltage and current and prevent it to pr come down on Earth through pole. Insulators are used for transferring the voltage from one pole to another. Also for preventing us from any type of shocks. There are many types of Insulators used in Bus Bus-bar are as follows:i).Pin type Insulator ii)Disc type Insulator

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iii)Stray type Insulator iv)Egg type Insulator

The Bus-bar is also known as Bus-coupler. After reaching to Bus-bar voltage is transfer to transformer. Here the step-down transformer is used. With the help of these transformer 33kv voltage is converted into 11kv voltage. In this conversion only magnitude is changed frequency remains the same. There is no energy meter connected through these transformers. 4 transformers is used here. 1st is of 10MVA and rest is of 5MVA. Only 4rth transformer has Breaker. The 33kv Bus-bar is known as HT Bus-bar and 11kv Bus-bar is known as LT Bus-bar. But as construction basis both Bus-bars are similar. Bus-bar is used to hold the load of current and attached the transformer to Breaker . At each Busbar insulators are present for our safety. After conversion the 11kv voltage is reach to LT Bus-bar and again goes to Breaker. If any fault is found Breaker cut the connections and if not the voltage is transfer to different outgoing feeders as per requirement. IGIMS has 5 outgoing feeders as mentioned above.

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The above diagram shows the Eletric Supply by IGIMS to their nearby areas. This is a single line diagram of IGIMS PSS.

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REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT (RTU)

The RTU or the Remote Terminal Unit is one of the major component of the SCADA system. It is located in the sub stations and acts as a primary interface between field devices and the Master Control Centre. It gathers information that is present in the field and sends it to the MCC. So, we see that it is a two way communication device that keeps updating the status of the field continually and simultaneously executing the commands from the Control Centre.

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If takes a closer look at the RTU panel, one can see a stack of racks. This can be classified as 1. Basic Rack 2. Extension Rack Basic Rack : - The Basic rack or the Communication Sub Rack houses the brain of the RTU. It consists of a number of slots. Into these slots are inserted a set of Cards. The Cards are the CPUs of RTU. They help in coordinating the flow of data from and into the RTU. These CPUs are basically of two types .. 1. SLI (Serial Line Interface) Cards (For Communicating with the Energy Meters)

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2. ETH(Ethernet)(For Communicating with the Energy Meters as well as with the SCADA System) The SLI Card acts as an interface between the RTU and the Energy Meters. It continually reads data in and out of the Energy Meters. It is generally placed in a slot of the Basic Rack. The SLI card has got a provision for communicating with the Energy Meters through four ports, A, B, 1 and 2. The ports A and B are of the RS485 type where 1 and 2 are of the RS232 . The SLI card has an MMI port for handling the dialogue between the web browser and the RTU. The ETH card control the process events and communications with the Control Centers. It continually reads the data from the Extension Racks, the SLI cards or Energy Meters and sends it to the control center. The ETH card has a port E, which is used by the RTU to communicate to the Master. The ETH is connected to the Extension Rack through port A or B, called COM A and COM B. There will be 2 ETH cards per RTU.

The ETH and the SLI cards communicate with each other on the back plane bus(on the mother board) of the Basic Rack. Extension Racks:- The Extension rack is a place, which is used to house the input/output Modules of the RTU. Similar to the structure of the Basic Rack, the Extension rack has slots into which the I/O modules can be inserted (unlike CPUs in the case of Basic Rack). The extension rack communicates only with the ETH card of the Basic Rack. In cases where there are more than one extension racks, each communication port of the extension rack is looped with the one succeeding it. As mentioned before, the extension rack is connected to one of the ETH through port A or B, called COM A and COM B. The I/O modules are located in the Extension rack . The function of the input Modules is to send the status of the equipment present at substation to MCC. The function of the output Modules is to control the status of the equipment from the MCC. Thus, we see that the flow of data, in the case of input modules, is from RTU to MCC and from MCC to RTU in the case of output modules.

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The different types of I/O modules used are the. DI(Digital input) cards-23BE21 DO(Digital output)cards-23BA20 The DI cards have 16 channels, which can be used for indications. If one takes a look at front face of the DI card, one can see 16 LEDs. Each LED indicates a particular status at the field.

The DO card is used to execute commands that are sent from the MCC. As soon as the DO cards get command from the MCC, it sends a pulse of 48v dc to the exciting terminal of the Heavy Duty(Interposing) Relay. As soon as the gets this pulse it closes its contacts and the command gets executed to Trip or Close a Breaker in the field. There are two Relays dedicated for each breaker, One relay for Closing and one for Tripping. The mounting of Relays can be seen at the Rear plane of the RTU Panel.

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Technical requirements for Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) Increasing functionality Flexible and expandable hardware concepts Redundant solutions Enhanced communication capabilities Possibility to perform complex PLC functions Modern engineering tools Modern diagnosis facilities

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CUSTOMER CARE SYSTEM

An Interactive Voice Response System(IVRS) shall work as a first-contact interface to the consumer which will work round the clock. A complaint can be booked directly on the IVRS system or to operator, if option is chosen, after entering CIN number in IVRS system. Complaint can also be booked through web. All complaints are divided into two parts Power related complaints and Billing related complaints.

Power related complaints will be handled by Trouble Call Management (TCM) application and will be passed on to the concerned maintenance staffs at substations or fuse call centers. Billing related complaints will be handled by Service Call Management (SCM) application and will be passed on to concerned division offices for readressal.

All type of complaint has to be intimated to concerned staff automatically and by the operator. After readressal of complaints the same will be updated to the database through the respective applications for information and report generation.

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Deskjet Printer

Line Printer

DOT Matrix Printer

FROM LAN FIREWALL Print Server Print Server Print Server

Wokstation for Administration (Existing Machine)

Workstation 1 for Despatcher(New)

Workstation 10 for Despatcher(New)

LAN A
24 Port Switch Router For Web Gateway

WWW

Gateway Firewall with Gateway Antivirus

Application Server

IVR Server

LAY OUT OF CUSTOMER CARE SYSTEM

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MASTER BILLING SYSTEM

Under this project, billing of LT and HT category of consumers are to be covered. Spot Bill Machine(SBM) are to be utilized for billing of LT category of consumers. Consumer data(like consumer number, address, name, area code, meter detail, phase, load, tariff category, previous reading, errors if any etc.) is download first in SBM from computer connected to Master Billing Centre(MBC) before each billing cycle. Meter reader goes to consumer premises with the SBM and generates and serves Energy bill with current meter reading. Afterwards, billing data from SBM is upload to MBC through connected computers. For HT consumers, meter reading is done by CMRI(Common meter reading instrument), AMR equipment (Automatic meter reading) or manual and bills are generated by web-based billing applications. All these HT &LT bill data is available to all connected Bill Collection Centers(BCC) for collection and other related activities. A total of 30 nos. of BCC are proposed out of which 25nos are situated at Sub-stations and are connected through existing communication system of SCADA i.e. Fibre Optics/Radio whereas rest 5nos of BCC are connected through leased line. Energy Accounting application takes the energy meter reading for 11kv feeders from SCADA application and meter reading of DTs through CMRI/AMR. This application further exchange data with Billing system and generate comparison reports that reconcile energy metered at sub-station end, DT end with the sum of energy distribution to connected consumers for a given period. LEASED LINE :SACDA has taken lease line from nearby BSNL company. In Patna 6 lease lines are present. Lease line is used on rent. It is expensive but have high frequency. Used only for commercial sector. This line is used to compete with the OFC network and we get free line for our use.

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Deskjet Printer

Line Printer

DOT Matrix Printer Laser Printer

TO Customer Care System

Print Server

Print Server

Print Server

Workstation(Existing) Workstation(NEW)

FROM SCADA WAN ROUTER 8Port Switch FROM 24 LAN SWITCH OF FOTE

LAN A LAN B
24 Port Switch 24 Port Switch LAN Firewall WIth Network IDS

WAN Router for Connecting Bill Collection Center over Leased Line
Database Server
Leased Line Modem Provision for up to 24 leased line modem Leased Line Modem Dialup Modem

Application Server for H.T. Billing

Dialup Modem

Application Server for LT Billing

Dialup Modem To Bill COllection Centers 6 Nos. HT Energy Meter Provision for up to 75 PSTN LAY OUT OF MASTER BILLING and 35 GSM Modem at the HT Energy Meter SYSTEM Remote End

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ELECTRICITY METER
An electricity meter or energy meter is a device that measures the amount of electric energy consumed by a residence, business, or an electrically powered device. Electricity meters are typically calibrated in billing units, the most common one being the kilowatt hour [kWh]. A periodic reading of electric meters establishes billing cycles and energy used during a cycle. In settings when energy savings during certain periods are desired, meters may measure demand, the maximum use of power in some interval. "Time of day" metering allows electric rates to be changed during a day, to record usage during peak high-cost periods and offpeak, lower-cost, periods. Also, in some areas meters have relays for demand response shedding of loads during peak load periods.

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SPOT BILLING MACHINE(SBM)

In Spot billing system, the bill of the consumer will be calculated and printed on the spot, immediately after the reading is taken.

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Spot Billing Machine Specification CPU : Advanced Micro controller based system with the latest hardware technology with 8 bit/16 bit/32 bit processor flash memory. FLASH DATA MEMORY : In built 4 MB flash memory expandable up to 8 MB ,16 MB,.Data preservation in the E.T.I.M.flash memory for more than 10 years DISPLAY: Graphic LCD Display with minimum 128 x 64 pixel backlit.Capability to display graphc images 20 chrs by 4 lines and 20 chrs by 8 lines KEYPAD: 30 key alphanumeric(silicon rubber),keyboard with legends with minimum capability of 1 milion operations THERMAL PRINTER: 384 dot Per line,Ultra fast 2 inch thermal printer with 50mm/sec speed or more for fast ticketing. CHARGER: A.C.INTELLIGENT CHARGER-working from 140 to 280 V.BUS charges for E.T.I.M. s to used battery power in the vehicles. WEIGHT: E.T.I.M weight less than 750 gm.

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Data Transmission in the System

Data Transmission is done through the between the Billing logic server and the Spot Billing Machine. Data Transmission is done in 32 bit encrypted mode while sending and receiving to and from the Spot Billing Machine.

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Download data into SBM

The meter reader downloads the data to bill on that day in the form of database file. The record to bill only on that day is downloaded into the machine. The data consisting of master details required for reading and validations such as Consumer No, Name, Address ,Previous reading e.t.c of the consumer is downloaded into the SBM. The data downloading into the SBM can be done through the FTP remotely by contacting the server. Tariff file is downloaded into the SBM machine which is one time process having different supply types ,Slabs and Slab rates to calculate energy charges for the different type of consumers accordingly.

Description of system at SBM(GPRS) side

The System contains an application in the SBM machine which Interacts with the server. The data validation is done . Shows the data entered by user for confirmation. The validated data is sent to the server. The computed bill data received from server is formatted and prints the bill. Stores the sent and received bill details in the database of the machine.

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Description Of System At Server Side

The System contains the Server application with billing logic which. Receives Meter reading, Remark and MDI from SBM terminal. The data validation is done. The server computes the bill based on units consumed, Current Meter Remark, Previous Meter Status, Previous Bill type and the Previous bill date. The RQC and BQC checks are done on the bill calculated. The Data is stored in the intermediate upload table and calculated bill details to the SBM terminal.

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BILLING CALCULATIONS
CONNECTIONS There are two types of connections based on consumer demand. 1 Phase Connection-:(Up to 5 kw) 3 Phase Connection-:( 5kw or Above)

Terms used in Electricity Bill

Fixed Charge & Miscellaneous Charge Energy Charge Rebate DPS(Delayed Payment Surcharge) Billed Unit Note:- Fixed Charge, Rebate and DPS are fixed, only energy charge varies.

Rebate:- The due date for making payment of energy bills or other charges shall be 15 days from the date of issue of the bill. Rebate will be allowed for making payment of energy bills on or before due date specified in the bill. Rebates are 10Ps/Unit for all type of consumers.

DPS(Delayed Payment Surcharge):- In case a consumer does not pay energy bills in full within 10 days grace period after due date specified in the bill, a delayed payment surcharge of one and half (1.5) percent per month. In case a consumer makes full payment after due date but within 10 days after the due date, no DPS shall be leviable for this period but rebate for prompt payment will not be admissible.

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Fixed Charge:- Fixed Charges are fixed for all the consumers. Energy Charge:- Energy Charges are also fixed for all the consumers.

Category of Consumer
Domestic Service-II(DS-II):All those consumer under DS-II category with 3 phase meter connection with contract demand between 5 kW and 60 kW.

Non-Domestic Service-II(NDS-II) Applicable for supply of electrical energy for non domestic consumers having sanctioned load up to 60 kW, using electrical energy for light, fan and power loads for non domestic purposes like shops, hospitals, nursing homes, clinics, dispensaries, restaurants, hotels, clubs, guest houses, marriage houses, public halls, show rooms, centrally air-conditioning units, offices etc.

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COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Two modes of communication i.e. Fibre Optic (51km. overhead and 9.5 km underground) and Radio Frequency (RF) have been adopted to connect all 44 Sub-stations to SCADA control centre (MCC). 10 nos. of locations (9 Sub-station-cum-division offices and 1 division office) are connected in a ring to MCC through Fibre Optic Communication as a backbone and test 35 nos. of sub-stations are connected to nearby Fibre Optic points through RF communication system. A VOIP (Voice Over Internet Protocol) is also being commissioned to all these locations for verbal communication among these locations utilizing the same communication system.

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OPTICAL FIBRE
An optical fiber is a flexible, transparent fiber made of glass (silica) or plastic, slightly thicker than a human hair. It functions as a waveguide, or light pipe, to transmit light between the two ends of the fiber. The field of applied science and engineering concerned with the design and application of optical fibers is known as fiber optics. Optical fibers are widely used in fiber-optic communications, which permits transmission over longer distances and at higher bandwidths (data rates) than other forms of communication. Fibers are used instead of metal wires because signals travel along them with less loss and are also immune to electromagnetic interference. Fibers are also used for illumination, and are wrapped in bundles so that they may be used to carry images, thus allowing viewing in confined spaces. Specially-designed fibers are used for a variety of other applications, including sensors and fiber lasers.

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Optical fiber can be used as a medium for telecommunication and computer networking because it is flexible and can be bundled as cables. It is especially advantageous for long-distance communications, because light propagates through the fiber with little attenuation compared to electrical cables. This allows long distances to be spanned with few repeaters. Additionally, the per-channel light signals propagating in the fiber have been modulated at rates as high as 111 gigabits per second by NTT, although 10 or 40 Gbit/s is typical in deployed systems.]Each fiber can carry many independent channels, each using a different wavelength of light (wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM)). The net data rate (data rate without overhead bytes) per fiber is the per-channel data rate reduced by the FEC overhead, multiplied by the number of channels (usually up to eighty in commercial dense WDM systems as of 2008). The current laboratory fiber optic data rate record, held by Bell Labs in Villarceaux, France, is multiplexing 155 channels, each carrying 100 Gbit/s over a 7000 km fiber.Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation has also managed 69.1 Tbit/s over a single 240 km fiber (multiplexing 432 channels, equating to 171 Gbit/s per channel).Bell Labs also broke a 100 Petabit per second kilometer barrier (15.5 Tbit/s over a single 7000 km fiber. For short distance applications, such as a network in an office building, fiber-optic cabling can save space in cable ducts. This is because a single fiber can carry much more data than electrical cables such as standard category 5 Ethernet cabling, which typically runs at 100 Mbit/s or 1 Gbit/s speeds. Fiber is also immune to electrical interference; there is no cross-talk between signals in different cables, and no pickup of environmental noise. Non-armored fiber cables do not conduct electricity, which makes fiber a good solution for protecting communications equipment in high voltage environments, such as power generation facilities, or metal communication structures prone to lightning strikes. They can also be used in environments where explosive fumes are present, without danger of ignition. Wiretapping (in this case, fiber tapping) is more difficult compared to electrical connections, and there are concentric dual core fibers that are said to be tapproof.

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EXCHANGE
Exchange is an electronic machine which is used for telephone line Exchange. In this machine there is capability to control the telephone by the help of cards and processors present in it.

It is also known as an ELECTRONIC XCHANGE(EPABX).

PRIVATE

AUTOMATIC

BRANCHES

As it is clear from its name that Exchange is an automatic machine used for professional work as in SCADA working places. This machine required -48v power supply for its operations. Here the two modes of power supply are used One remains, in active mode and other will be in standby mode.

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Exchange machine uses wiring system for its connections. In this system - firstly, information are transfer to the customer care by Exchange. After that customer care operator send it to the IVRS operator and then it sends to its destinations. All the connections of wire, which is connected by different telephones are attached with a small size machine known as Voice Over Internet Protocol(VOIP). This VOIP is like a gateway used for local connectivity. The VOIP is connected to the exchange using wires and also connected to local telephones used in SCADA. EPBAX machine is divided in two parts:1)Upper parts. 2)Lower parts.

1).UPPER PARTS:The upper part of EPABX is used for some specific works are- call transferring as well as branching the calls. This part consists of various cards that required individual supply voltage for its operation. These voltages are- 12v, 5v,48v etc. This system also operate at two supply voltages connected to the lower parts also. The important cards present in the EPBAX are as follows:i)SLMAC:- SLMAC stands for Single Line Module Analog Click. 4 cards of SLMAC are found in upper part used for Analog type telephone. ii)SLMO2:- It stands for Single Line Module Operator Card. Only one SLMO2 card is found used for digital type of telephone.. iii)TM2LP:- Only one TM2LP is present in this system and are used for PSTN line. iv)DIVN2:- 2 cards of this type are present in upper part. This card is connected to 2 wires one is to Exchange and other is to IVRS. v)SIUX2:- 1 SIUX2 card is present in Exchange in upper part. This card is also called as Signal Sensing card. This card is used for sensing the different types call. Upper part is connected to the lower part through 2 PSTN lines one is in active mode and other is in stand-by mode.

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2)LOWER PARTS:- The lower parts of EPBAX contains processors and hard-disks for storing memory and its other operations. This part contains line trunk group control. Here also we found two modes of power supply as in upper parts. Some other cards are also present in this part used for programming one of them is APC(Administrated Programming Card). The Hard-disk present in this system has 2GB storage capacity. The different ports are also present are:i)Deeling port:- This is an important and very useful for processing ii)Atlanta Port:- 2 Atlanta ports are present and are used for connecting other parts. iii)Unmanaged port:- More than 8 Unmanaged ports are used. This part is connected to VOIP.

The Exchange is depend upon the wires only and free from satellite and radio waves.

In SCADA SIMENS 3.0 Version Exchange is present.

In SCADA BHAWAN 30 Channels are land at a time. 10 are transfer to the 10 present operators and the rest 20 are in waiting list.

THANKING YOU