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APPENDIX
TO THE

DICTIONARY AND GRAMMAR

OF THE

KONGO LANGUAGE
As
spoken
at

San Salvador, the Ancient Capital of Kongo Empire, West Africa

the

Old

Compiled and Prepared for the Baptist Mission on the Kongo River, West Africa
BY THE

Rev.

W.

HOLMAN BENTLEY

Missionary of the Baptist Missionary Society on the Kongo

PUBLISHED BY THE BAPTIST MISSIONARY SOCIETY

19,

FuRNivAL Street, Holborn, London, E.C.

AND

KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER &

Paternoster House, Charing
Cross

CO.,

Ltd.

Road,

London, W.C.

1895

Bh

842839

PREFACE
and Grammar
than seven years have passed since the completion of the Dictionary During this time the New Testament of the Kongo language. has been translated, and other books for religious instruction and school use have been translated and prepared ; a Bi-monthly Magazine, " Se kukianga "

More

(The

Dawn is Breaking), has appeared, containing original native articles. School work has been well pushed, and a Kongo correspondence passes freely between the natives about our stations. Kongo can no longer be spoken of as an unwritten language. All this literary activity has called for an Appendix to the work published in Every new word acquired has been most carefully preserved and in1887. vestigated obscure idioms, and any constructions throwing light on the
;

Grammar and

While the New Testament was was printed. Returning to the Kongo a few days after the first hundred copies of the New Testament came from the book-binders, the mass of Grammatical and Syntactical notes which had accumulated was studied and arranged. The Dictionary of 1887 contains some 10,000 Kongo words, omitting as far as possible the thousands of derivative words, which, being formed from the As the possibiliroot-words according to simple rules, needed no special note.
Syntax, have been noted.
in the press, the

Appendix

to the Dictionary

ties of this

possible use would

highly flexible language are so great, these derivatives in actual or number hundreds of thousands ; it was therefore necessary

rigorously to exclude them, except such as by their frequent or special usage

required special note.

as far as possible,

are now added on the same principle, which include, words or roots which are used in the Kongo literature of the English Baptist Mission published up to the present. In the same way, the endeavour has been made to reduce the rules of Grammar and Syntax which have been found to be further necessary, during the literary work in which the correctness and sufficiency of the former work was tested. As for the correctness, it has been found that no great changes are necessary in some two or three cases only it has been necessary to narrow the these cases have application of certain rules which had been too widely stated been carefully noted in their proper places in the Grammar and Syntax of this Appendix. In this translation and linguistic work, Nlemvo, who rendered such valuable assistance in the preparation of what was published in 1887, has still continued his aid, rendered all the more efficient by these fourteen years of work, which have trained and developed his great natural aptitude. This gives the uniformity which is of such great importance. A change has been made in the Kongo Alphabet, which must here be noted.

Some

4,000

new words
all

PREFACE
San Salvador, and in its neighbourhood, large proportion of the people at for the sound sh the letter X was 8 and z before i .as sh and j ; pronounce while z before i was written as j. Our books are adopted (as in Portuguese), the district of San Salvador, and in those read over a much wider area than the use of x and j has proved where 8 and z remain unchanged before i, parts those therefore been decided to use 8 and z only, and a difficulty it has letters is softened before i they will be naturally parts where the sound of these they remain unchanged they will be prosoftened in pronunciation, and where nounced as written. j. ^. , , s of the Dictionary and Appendix, This may cause some difficulty in the use under in the Dictionary, and as simba under since 8iml)a appears as ximba uniformity is of small moment, compared S in the Appendix but that lack of of a permanent form at the earliest with the importance of the attainment productions. date, and the wider usefulness of our literary possible in the preface to the Grammar of 1887, the frequent

elision of final

For reasons noted and initial vowels in Kongo has not been made in this Appendix, forms used. that there might be no obscurity as to the actual in order the comparative compactness of Kongo and It may be of interest to note expression of ideas. For this English, in the number of words used in the words and letters used in Kongo and English in the ist Epistle to purpose' the in the Kongo version there the Corinthians, 13th chapter, have been counted ish Revised Version there are 274 in the E" are 289 words, and 1209 letters
;
;
.

words, and

On page
in 1624.

xi.

172 letters. of the preface to the

translation of a Portuguese treatise

Fr.
(1804), says that the

work of 1887, reference is made to an old on Christian Doctrine, published in Lisbon

Bernardo Maria de Cannecattim, author of the Bunda above was "the first work printed in the Kongo and we may be most probably correct in saying that it was the printed in any of the Bantu languages. The Rev. G. R. Macphail, who was minister of the Presbyterian Scotland in Lisbon, very kindly arranged to have the work copied
hand.
It is

Grammar
language,"
first

work

Church of for me by

a Catechism

in

the National Library at Lisbon,

Portuguese and Kongo interlinear. Two copies are in and one in the Library of the Propaganda in

Rome. The Portuguese from which the

;

translation was made "by the order of Mattheus Cardoso," is still in use in the schools in Madeira, as a standard Catechism it was written by Marcos Jorge, S.J. The Portuguese-Kongo work has been very carefully studied, and is a very words interesting work, affording evidence of the early usage of certain special which we find current to-day. It is a creditable production, showing that a good vocabulary has been acquired. There is a liberal admixture of Coast and Mbamba words, suggesting that the early missionaries had picked up the

language on the Coast, and carried up the Coast influence with them this is noticeable in the employment of CU (ku) as a prefix to the Infinitive Noun. and n are hopelessly as ii, ki as qui ; the nasals is always written as b ; er confounded, and often omitted or written as in old Portuguese with But, after all, it affords no evidence of any change in the language. the vowel The main points are true to Kongo but where there are differences, it is impossible to determine how much is due to a mixture of the Coast and other
;

PREFACE
dialects,

vii

and how much to an imperfect knowledge of the language. It is White-man's Kongo, and sometimes the words are awkwardly spelt. The N of Nzambi ampungu, God^ never appears on the name itself, but is often found on the end of the preceding word dian Zambi ampungu. It is interesting to find untotela (p. 39) used for majesty^ so that Ntotela is not simply a dynastic name of the present kings. Anquissi (-aukisi, fetish) is used for holy, sacredj and even uquissi {fetish nature) for divinity (p. 30) This is a very objectionable use of nkisi, /^//j//. The words in use for the " Holy Faith of the Church of Rome " are " Canca auquissi yanzua muquissi acuna Roma" (p. 85). Canca is nkanka, devotion, faithfulness, and, for want of a better word, was strained by these early missionaries into that use this explains the ex" Dingamena muna nkanka a Nzambi ampungu," continue in pression the Faith of God; so f^ish devotion was used for Holy Faith. Yanzua muquissi is ya nzo ankisi, of the fetish house (nzo ^^.tlIli^i^ the grave also) this is the only translation used for the Holy Church (of Rome), not the building called a "church," but the Church of the Saints. So we find " The Holy Faith of the Church of Rome " thus translated, to the mystification of the " The fetish devotion of the fetish house of at Rome " native mind Baptism is always spoken of then, and by the priests to-day, as dia mungua, to eat salt; the placing of a little salt in the mouth of the infant, with the words, "ye are the salt {/"^the earth," being part of the ceremony of Baptism according to the Romish iftmal. Ecussuilu [ekuswilu, t/ie place of rubbing on, or smearing (from kusu, to rub on or smear)^ is the equivalent of Purgatory. Nsambu is used for grace, favour, as it is still by us and much of the " religious terminology," as to-day used, is found in this old book only it has been necessary to make a discreet selection. However, the work is certainly creditable for those far-off times, when viewed with a kindly eye, even in these days in which we have learned to value a greater accuracy. My thanks are due to the Committee of the Baptist Missionary Society, for undertaking the expense of publication of this Appendix, as they did that of
certainly
!
:

the previous work.

May the work be found helpful to all who seek to make known in Kongo the Gospel of the Grace of God, and to extend the Kingdom of Righteousness and
Peace.

W.

H. B.

Wathen

Station, B.M.S., Congo Free State, September \st, 1894.

APPENDIX
TO

ENGLISH-KONGO DICTIONARY.
Abandon (as of no use), r/./., tengola. Abandonment, n., luyambulu, lo
;

Abundant,
be,
v.i.,

a.,

-avomo.

selalala,

luvunzanisu,
lo
;

bwembwena,

lo;

be-

see tengola,

lutengolo, Appendix.

Abdicate, v., kunkuka. Abhorrence, ;/., nkenonoka, 2. Ability, ., ndwenga, 2 {jreneraily

plural)
in
;

sama, tuta. make, v.L, seleleka, beseka. Abuse, vJ., duvula, duka. ., luduvuku, 10 luduku,
;

10

lue,

pi. 6.

one's

profession
12.

or

craft,

7t.,

umfuzi,
zadi,
6.

(quickness) in

learning,

nlevo, 4. in obscene language, vX, bukalala. (misuse), v.t, pitakesa. Abusive toward, be, v.t, duka.

n.,

zadi-

Abyss,

n.,

mbilu,

2.

Abject, become,

Accent,
v.l, boloka.

n.,

nsiamu,
v.,

2.

Able

Accept

as true,

sia

to,

be, v., see

fwanwa, Kongo-

omu matu.

Eng. Appendix,

Acceptable,

adj.,

-edienga.

may be, v, -fwete {v. aux.). Abominable behaviour or insolence,

n., nduvu, 4 lunkulu, Abortive, become, v., funga.
;

Accomplish much, v., totola. Accord, ., ngwawani, 2. V. wawana, kwenda e bambala

(6),

10.

totama.
to,

Abound, v.i., see abundant, About, see -ina omu, App.

;

According
App.

adv.,

muna owu
is, n.,
?)
;

wa.
;

be,

Accursed, one who

ziaku, 2 (P.

kiudi, 5

used verbally to... about, v., nanga ...ye, App. I finished about ten on the spot, yananga mana ye tezo kia ekumi vana fulu.

mwana

(i)
;

a kandu (6); see kandu, App. you are accursed, ongeye u

kiudi.

Above

the other, one, adv., e kiani, e nkundieka, e kiani, e mbandieka.

nkundambanda-

Accusation, n., mfundu, Accuse, v.t., funda.

4.

.,

-ankundakiani, -ankundieka, -ambandieka, -ambandakiani.

n.,

Accustom to, v., yukisa. Accustomed to, be, v.i., yukwa.

Ache

(of the
n.,

head

only), v.L, tota.

;

Abundance,
of

Acidity,

nsa, 2 (Bako)

ngani,

2.

wingi, 12
;

ebidi, 8

wokela, 9 everything,
pututa.

bidi, 6

vomo,

6.

have,

v.,

vwama,

Acquit, v., kangula. Action, n., evangu, 8. Active, be very, v.L, tumpa-tumpa. Adapt, v.t., sobola.
3

Add-Alm
Add,
v.t.,

722

kundika
bandika.
v.,

further, v.,
to, v.t.,

Agree, continued. upon a price, zenga

well together (be

yikula. together or up,

e

e ntalu (2). on good terms),

see

v.,

bangumuna,
(5),

sia

kimlaanguniuna

tot a.

Addition

of a very dififerent charac-

bakana. Agreeable, become, v.i. ntima (4), App.

(good),
a.,

buwa

ter, .,

nswangu,

4-

Address

(a fetish), v., vovelela.

to, v.t.^
.,

Agreed

Adhere

tatidila.
4.

Adjective,

mbaku,

-ambote, -abiza. twe lubasa! App. it is agreed to be, v.i., kwikana then, ozevo dikwikanini.
!

see

Admonition, ., lutemweno, Adulation, n., lusanisu, 10

nisinu,
10.

10.
;

AGREEMENT,/?.,nkaiigu, 4 ekangu, 8.
;

lusa-

Aid

in the prosecution of
prise, v.t.,

some

enter-

yakulula.
.,

Adulterate, t/., lum"ba. Adultery, commit, v. kemba nkaza

(i)

one who does so, nyakuludi, i

ngyaku,

&

4.

angani (Bako).
;

Advancement, ., lunungununu, 10, ad. lunungunuku, 10, pass. Advantage (profit), n., luwete, 10
mfunii,
4
;

Ailment

the aid rendered, n., nyaku, 4. of babyhood, any, con-

see

also

vwa

cerning which we can ask no questions, only be conscious that there is something wrong,
funze,
6.

mfunu, App. Adverb, ., mpangilu,

2.

Aim, the

chief,
6,

n.

see

etima,

8,

&

Adverse
Advise,

(hostile), a.,

-atantu.

vaki,

App.
nsakila, 4 (Bako). ta nsakila (Bako).
5.

v.t.,

kubikila.

Alarm

cry, n.,

Advocate, ., nzonzi, 2 (Bako), nkambakani, i & 4Adze, cut with, v., vaba. Affair (business), n., nkolo, 4Affect abilities, 7/., kuvaka. Affection, intense, .,liinziototo, 10.
(mutual),
.,

utter such a cry,

Alcohol,

n.,

kindakidi,
(6).

Alike, be,

v.i.,

totama, kwenda e

bambala

make, v.t., toteka. Alive, a., -amoyo.

be,
v.i.,

nzolani,

2.
;/.,

Aporesaid person, the, (pi. ambana). Afraid of, no longer be

mbana,

A.iA.,prefix.

vuka (Bako). The prefix

all- is

applied

to
;

some

adjectives to

make
it

a
as

see

zanuna

noun the
pressed by

All-wise

is

ex-

After,

App. App. after this or that or awhile, adv., oku se ntu. one after the other, a,, -andaildani.
zaini,
see also za,

&

Mpungu appHed

a prefix to the abstract noun.

Almighty, the, MpungU-ngolo

All-wise, the,

(2).

All

in

Mpungu-zayi (2). due course, adv., oku kukwi;

adv., e

ndandani.
conj.,

ziwa.

Again

(in

a discourse),

ye diaka
;

see v., vutukila Kongo-Eng. App. Agitate, v.t., tumpanisa. Agitated, be, v.i., tembela. Agony, n., mviangalu (4) a iitima(4). unspeakable, .,tema (6) kia nsongo.

diaka. to... over again,

not at all, ke dionso (7) dia...ko it does not move at all, ke kuna dionso dia nikuka ko.
all

right (in safety), adv.,

male-

mba-lemba.
all sorts

Allude to,

of things, ;/.,wadiwonso,i2. v., tola (Bako), zangata,

n.,

Agree

(coincide), v.,
(6),

kwenda

e ba-

suma. Almighty, the,

Nengolo,
I.

Mpu-

mbala

totama.

ngu-ngolo,

723

Alo-Anx

Along

the edge, brink, or side, adv.,

(lo).

lunseka-lunseka Aloof, adv., e vaudi (6).

Anger, continued. one who is slow to, nkwa ntima

a vnnda. soothe, v.t., wondeleka. Angle, n., nzinga, 4.
at right angles, adv.,

(4)

Already, adv., see mpasi own, App. Alter (of a palaver or language only), v.i., bindama. Alternate, v.t., swanga, swanganisa.
v.i.,

kn nkayikwa.
baika maketo

Angry,

to get or be, v.,

;

(Bako)
2.

see also

fwama(Bako)
(Bako), App.
cries out, .,

swangana.

& baka efwema

Anguish
at

arrangement, ?z.,nswangani,

which one

Alternately, adv., e nswangani. Although, coftj., kana vo, kana una vo, sia ele vo, knfwila own. .ko see also ndivo, App.
.

tfttn, 6.

altiiough

took
i

it,

knfwila

own mbongele
(even

kio ko.

Animal, huge, n., evwendengele, 8. Anise (?), ., mana-nsnsn, 6. Annoy, v.t., tnntanisa, tokeka. (pester) v.t., lakama. Annoyed, be, v.t., tnntana, tokama.
much,
V.
;

when),

conj.,

mnna wan
I

see also

fwama

(Bako)

&
or

nkntn... ndivo. (verbal),-lembi although

;

scrubbed

would not come off, yalembi kio fnsnla, kansi ke ikatnkidi ko see -lembi, p.
it,

it

322.

baka efwema (Bako), App. Annoying, a., -anangi. Anoint with oil, v.t., lengola nwika mazi (pi. 7)Answer, make no, v.i., voloka. be unable to make an, tnngama.
Ant,
driver,
;/.,

ALWAYS...-ing, be,

v.

sama (=kwa-

nsalafn, 2 (Bako).
of, n.,

ma), lakama.

white, a variety

ndanlan,

2.
;

Amass,

v.,

Amazed,

vwisisa. be very much,

v.t.,

knz^nge-

neka.

&

utter a cry,

kiololoka
n.,

Ambassador,
;

ntnmwa,

knlnlnka. 2 nkn;

mbi, 2 nlnalna, 4; mbaku,4. Ambitious, be, v., kukundidika.

(mushroom like), vava, 6 nknkn, 2. swarm of winged (perfect) ants, nknmbi, 2 (Bako). see also vnnga sama, App. " Ants' bread," a honey-combed
nest of
cultivation of fungus
in the nests
(.'')

found

Ambush, set an, v., kangaembaki(2). Amethyst, n., ametiste, 2. Among {before a pers. pron.), vava or vovo or vana (bena, &c.);
see -ina,

of white ants, or

Ant

App.

frequented by them, ., mbnngn, 2. lion {myrmeleon formicarius), n., nkenge, 2.

gazelle-like, ., nsiesie, 2

among them, vana bena. among us, vava twina. among you, vovo nwina. Anarchy, ., ntumpa-ntnmpa,
Ancestor,
n.,

Antelope,

(Bako).

Antiphon,
4.

n.
first

to lead

with the
v.,

an ti phonal
(4)-

nkuln,
a.,

i.

song,
8.

bonga

nkunga

Ancient

times, most, n., eknln,

to

ancient very,

-anknln-nknmbi.

answer back, v., yaknla, yakuInla, tambnlnla.

And

that, conj.,
ti.,

Anger,

yovo, yo ovo. nkafi 4 {gen. jz^.=nsita);

pi.

Anxiety

the choral answer, ., ngyakn, 2. (apprehensiveness), ., nsn-

nkenene,

nlnla,

mbi,
(care), n.,

efwema, 8 (Bako). very great, makasi (pi. or mavengenene.

songololo, 6
;

nsnmbi-nsnmbi, 2. Innznmbu;

8)

mansuva

swengeti, 6. to do, go, &c., ., kiangnla,

In,

10

5.

Anx-As
Anxious,
be, v.,

724

zan^inika or zanga(u-)

Approve

of, v.,

ludika

lunganisa

nanwa ontima (4), ntima

for,

zanganana, yela e nsumbi (2). viangalwa or zinwa or lakukwa moyo (3) or ntima (4), ntima ^rmoyo (n-) viangala
ntima.

tonda, App. Apron, ., lenga, 6. Arachid, harvest season

see also

for,

,,

or zina. make, zanginika

a mpava. crushed with pepper and kindungu, 5. Arc, Arch, n., ngumbu, 2.

nsungi

(2)

salt,

.,

Any, see wonso & una -ina, App. Apart, adv., e kikaka (5). (aside), e kingenga (2), kuna mpe-

Ardent, be, v.i., vela-vela. Arduous, a., -afuki. Are, n., are, meta akare 100.
Arise,
v.i.,

nga

(2).

zangumuka

(never used

(separate), e

from, prep.,

vaudi (6). e kikaka yo,

2.

by an
e

inferior in reference to a

vaudi

superior),
(of a dispute), v., [e

muna.
Apostle,
.,

mpaka

(2) zi-]

ntumwa,
('),

lekama.
6.

Apostrophe
Apparel,
.,

.,

nienie,
6.

Arm,
to

see

nkonda a koko, App.

vwatwa,

Appear
for a

suddenly or unobserved, v.L,

only,
v.t.,

tema.

arms over the chest and clasp one's shoulders, ta nkondobela (2) (Bako), zinga
cross the

moment

(come

into view, also

sunsumina. come out of

see

nkondo (4) (Bako). Around, adv., e kinzieta.

prep.,

sun,

moon, or

stars), v.i., seloka.

muna nzingaluka

(2) a.
v.t.,

Appearance,
2,

., zizi,

nsampu,

Arouse and

cause to run away,

v.i., dikumuka. kumpa, lumpika.

App.
8.

dikumuna.
and run away,
5.

altered, ., ekitu,

Appetite (taste),
luntati, 10

n.,

kinzola-nzola,
(to one's

Arrange,
(fix),-?/.,

v.,

Application, close
;

work),
6,

n.,

sungididi,
to

Apply

one's

self closely
v.,

(one's

in

sikanisa (Bako), konkota, sikana. a line, v.t., kiatumuna, kialu-

work),

sia...o

luntati (10)

muna.
together according to
size, height,

or sungididi (6). as a brake or against the surface (of something revolving), v.t. kakidila. Appoint (fix), v., sikinisa (Bako),

taka, takanisa. (set right straight), v., ludika. be arranged, as above, v., lulama.

or quality,

v.,

Arrangement
konka

(with),
;

make

an,

v.,

konkota, sikana.
appointed
to a
sila.
(tell off

dio (yo)

bakonkele

(by), a.,
v.t.,

duty,

-esika-sika (yo). toneka, sonekena,

dio yo nengandi, they arranged it with so and so. Arrogant, be (arrogate great things
to one's
self),

to a duty),

suma.
e

v.,

kumvalala,

the day appointed,

n.,

lumbu kia

nkangu (4) a ntangwa. Apprehension (fear), ;/., swengenia,

6

kuvalala. make, kumvidika, kuvidika, ku-

nsumbi, mbi, 2.
;

nsumbi-nsu-

mvika. Article {gram.), yikilwa,

Artifice,
.,

6.

be

full of, v.,

yela e swengenia or
v.t.,

nsumbi. Appropriate,
(fitting), a.,

lamuna.

-ansongi.

lumpeso, to. As for, conj., vo i, ngavo, ngavo i. as if, as though, conj., ne banza vo. as often as you (he, &c.) like, kiekiele kaka.

(725
As, continued. as soon as, a^7/., Tina...kaka

As-Att

ifiast),

ovo...kaka
as
well,

(//.)

adv.,
well,

kumosi
oyandi

he

goes

as

o-kwenda

kumosi.
as well, as well as, conj., i after the demonstrative pronoun in what-

Assistance, continued. lulumuna, lundumuna, twalakesa see K.-Eng. App. Assume the government, yala e nkuwu (2), see nkuwu, App. airs, t/., kukdndidika. (some very great work), z/./.,kuvkka,
;

ever position; these (people) will go and Nlemvo as well,

vakama, vampama. become responsible for, v., yekama. Assumption, n., kuvaka, 9.

aya bekwenda, oyu i Nlemvo. As well as we who are here, aya we bought i yeto tuna vava
;

Assurance
su, 10.

(guarantee),

.,

lusikidi-

Astonishment (dumbfounded),
luzengeneko,
utter cries
of,

.,

those knives on our market, and those hoes (which you hold) as

10.

v.,

kululuka, kiolo-

tusumbidi e mbele zina vana ezandu dieto, ezo i nsengO I cannot come, for I am too busy, and these visitors have come as well, kilendi kwiza ko e kuma e salu kingi ngina kiau, ezi i zau nzenza
well,
;

loka.

Astounded, be, vd., sivika, kumba. be very, kuzengeneka {refl), zenganana, yenganana. Astray, go, v., tungiana, zieziana.
to

lead,

send,

tungianisa, ziezia.,

nisa.

ezi zizidi.

one who has gone,

(before the

ntungianu,4.

as well as,

musungula

At

all,

adv.,

wonso

he did not speak

noun).

at all,
(a hill or tree), v., tota,
first,

yandi kavovi diambu

Ascend, go up

wonso.
adv.,

kuma.
(as

vana kintete,

vana

smoke),

.,

fotomoka,
to, v.,

fita.

ntete, e ntete.
once, adv.,

Ashes, reduce

komona, bo-

mona.
Aside
(apart), adv., e kikaka (5), e kingenga (5), kuna mpenga (2), va beko (6). Ask to come, v., susumuna, vuku-

kikilu;

VOVO fulu, VOVO vau, see also mu (i mu),

expressed also by the
to

App.
at

once

is

reduplicated verb,
once, bonga-bonga.

take at

lula.

Askew,
a.,

adv.,

nzungu

(4).

Athwart, adv., oku nkayikwa. Attached to, be, or become,

selomokena,
(10).

v.t.,

-anzungu. Asleep, fall, v., wondoka yo tulu

(pi.

sia...o

luntati

10).
n.,
;

Attachment,
kalala, 6
;

great, n., luntati, 10

Asparagus,

nsende, 2 & 1 1 nsende-nsende, 2. Assemble, v.t., lunganisa. (of people only), vd., lungwa, kuta. (of things only), vd., kuta.

K.-Eng. App. loving, n., lunziototo,

see

10.

Attack in force, vd., bundamena. Attempt to do something, well knowing it to be hopeless, vd., kuflanunga, fianungina. Attend [(listen) to a matter], vd.,
vivila.

Assembly, n., lukutakanu, 10. Assiduous, be, vd., see persevere,App. Assistance, n., nsadisa, 2 luambu,
;

10.

Attention, give,
v.,

v.,

teka
is

matu

(9).
;

render,

vana

luambu.
vd.^

refuse attention to what

see

heard, v.

withhold, in crisis,

filakesa,

pakumuna, App.

Att-Bea

726)
Bare,
a.,

Attentive, a., -anzoko-zoko. Audit, vJ., visa. Auditor, ., mpisa, 2. Authority, ., olodi, 2 (P. ordem). delegated, n., wiswa, 6 wisiswa, 6.
;

-ampenza, -ankulungunzu.
-angidinginza. seswa, 6.
evela,
8.
;

(dreary), a.,

place,

71.,

small,

n.,

Bareness,

n.,

seswa, 6

nkulungu-

(over),

kiyekwa

(kia)
;

6.

Avarice, n., evudidila, 8 ukabn, Avaricious person, ., ekabu, 8.

12.

nzu, 4 ; mpenza, 2. Bargain over a price, v., ta or

e

vuna

ntalu

(2).

Avenue, ;/., mumpumpu, 3. Avoid carefully, v., kukenka.

Avoided, something
ngo,
4.

Barnacle, n., eyidi, 8 Barrier, n., kaku, 6.

(Solongo).

to be,

/z.,

mve-

Base, basis, ezuku, 8

(foundation),
n.,

see

K.-Eng. App.
2
;

nsilu,

nsidi-

Awake, vJ., katumuna. z/.z., katumuka.

with a
start, v.i.,

kwa,
upon,

2.

something having no base to stand

n.,

dikumuka.
Basin,

Aware,
make,

be, v.,
v.t.,

lubuka.

n.,

kila,

nsundungulu, 4lumpinu, 10. 5

;

tumbulwila. Awful, something, ., tema, 6. Axe, n., kiubi, 5 (Bako) sengele, 6

;

Basis, see base, App.

Basket
2.

of fan

palm

leaves, ., nteva,

(Bako)

kiavu,
'

5.

to carry poultry in, .,

valanga,
6.

6.

Axle

''"

^^^*^' ^

^'' ^--^ng. App.

of very open work, for things which

need

air,

7i.,

senze,

Axle-tree, n., nsimbinini ngungu) 2.

(a

lu-

Bat

(small), n.,

mvinde,

11

&

2.

Bath, take a vapour or steam, v., bukamena e futwa (6). Bauhinia, a species of, large yellow flower, ndemba - lemba, 2
;

mundemba,
Babe, innocent, nsa (4).
;/,,

2.

wanzio

(12)

wa

B.C. (before

Christ), V.K.,

(diavita
indef.

Kristu).

Baby,., j<?(?iitiobo and mbobola, App.

Be,

to, v.,

-eka

{defective, pres.

kiswa, 5 kisedia, 5. Back to back, adv., lunima-nima. Backwards, adv., lunima-nima. Bad, be or become, v.t., yiva. very, a., -andudi (bitter). Bag, with a running string sewn into and around its neck, n., kimpodi, 5. Bale, n., mfuna, 4. Ban, n., kandu, 6; see K.-Eng. App.
?/.,
;

Babyhood,

tense only) (Bako), -ina, defective, see p.

690

& ka
wa,

&-ina, App.

who

is,

was,

etc.,

see also

-ina
all

vo, App.

Beads

the strings of which are

count,

full

nzimbu

(pi. 2)

za-

Beak,

Bear

interj., tewa make a, v., xia e tewa. Bank, along the, muna (&c.) nlambu a nlambu lunseka-lunseka. bank of earth, n., ekunkwa, 8.
!

Bang
to

nsodia, 2. mind, v., sia oku ntima (4). (endure) v.t., siamina. patiently, stoically, v., zozoka,
n.,

in

zizila, viyidila.

she

who
v.t.,

bore,

muti

(pi.
;

miuti),

3.
5.

Beard
Beat,

(long), n.,

papa, 6

kievo,

Baptism,
see

n.,pass.,

mvubwa,

2.

kafa. against (as a storm),

v.i.,

wulama

after the rite of the

Church of Rome mungwa, App.

2.

muna.
cruelly, severely, v.t.,

Bar,

n.,

mbmdi,

yosona, yovona, niosona, teva.

727)
Begin, continued.
begin crying,
v.,

Bea-Bet

Beat,
with,

contitiued.

zuba, vama, venza. (with a lash or rods), vizula, zwabula.

t/.,

seloka

dila
;/.,

(9).

Beginning (the ndamu, 2

first
;

thing),

mba*

(with a stick),

kwangula.
kenga.

(the point from which

ngyatiku, 2. it was com;

Beautiful, be, very, kekoka.

v.,

make, kekola.

menced), ., eyatiku, 8 ntiku, 8. (making, creation), esemo, 8

sia vo,

eba-

from

Because, see under sia, kala kwa, App.

(for

and

the very beginning,

tuka kuna

esemo.

the reason that), conj.^ e bila,

e bila

Beguile,

t/./.,

vukika.

ye ebandu.

now that), wau vo, wau kina or kinana vo, wau kadi. Beckon, v.t., labisa (Bako). Becoming, ., -ansongi.
(since,

Behave, Behind,
be
left

v.,

sikila.

adv.,

lunima. behind by mistake,

nkala,
be, v.i.,
2.

v.,

sa-

didila.

Being,

n.,

be, v.,
it is,

songa. betela kiki.

.,

Belated,
2 (Kib.)
5.
;

yididilwa, bwiti-

dilwa.
basa,

Bedstead,

mbuka,
;

6 (Bako)
fine

kingembo,

Beetle, the unicorn,

8 (Bako).

also others of
.,

metalHc colour,

yunga,

Belief (creed), ft., kwikizi, 6. Believe (a person), v.t., kwikidila. see think, zaya, & nkanka, App. Believed, be (of a matter), v.i., kwikana.
cause to be,
v.t.,

Befall, z/., vaika. have befall one, v., vaikilwa. Befitting, be, v.i.^ songa.
it is,

Beloved,
one

a.,

kwikanisa. -anzolwa, -a nsi

a
4.

ntima
Bend,
v.t.,

(4).

betela kiki.
(in time), adv.^ e

specially, n.,

ntambuki,

&

Before

nkete, preceditig the predicate^ which should be in the subj. mood, a?id 07ily used where the action is not yet performed j before you sit down, tie the goat, e
e

koza.
yizika.
10.
;

down,
v.i.,

v.t.,

yizama. Benediction, n., lusambu,

nkete ofonga, okanga mbo.

(in

nko-

Benevolence, ., luzolo, 10 ngemba, 2 pi. Benighted, be, v.i., bwitidilwa (of

time only), bubalala, yididilwa (mentally also).

place or time), prep.,

a.

kuna ntu

Bereaved,
yet... not), adv.,

be, v.,

fwilwa, kala

ku

(while as

wau
;

or
of,

fwidi.
person,

una

ke...ko,

vava

ke...ko,

yavana, App. before the time, wau ke kiafwene e

see also

fwidilwa. ;/., mfwidi,

n.,

&

4. 6.
2.

Bereavement,

fwidi,

ntangwa
Beg
I

ko.

(beseech),

v.,

wondelela.

beg you to allow me further to remark, ke mu simba edi dia

begat,
;/.,

Beriberi (?), n., mpimbu, Beryl, n., beril, 2. Beseech, v., wondelela.

vova ko. Beget, he who

miuti).

muti, 3

(pi.

Begin,

v.t., bandama, toza, bantama, dokama.

Beside, adv., see as well, App. Best, do one's very, v., babanisa, vangalela he did his best in building it, obabanisi yo tunga. Bet, ., ntela, 2.
;

Bet-Blu
Betray
into
difficulties, vJ.,

(728)
sinda-

Bitterness, continued.
of speech or feeling, ., lunkuln, 10.

kesa, twalakesa, lundumuiia,

lulumuna.

Black,
only of the
see
girl),

., -afio.

Betrothed

n. (used
2.
v.i.^

be, grow, vd., fiota.

nzitikila,
also vaza,
feel
it

be very, via e mpila

(2).
2.

Better, become,

under voza,

Blackness,
excessive,

n.,
;/.,

ndombola,
nziu, 2
;

App.

fio (pi. 6),

much, 7/., mona e lo (6). would be better or best to..., see wete-fiole ( 2), or wete-wete, or mpasi, App.
1

Blame,
.,

v., semba. lusembo, 10.

Blaspheme, 2/.,tiangnna (oNzambi). Blasphemer, ??., ntianguni, 1, 2,& 4.

Blaze,
V.
., nkwimu, 4. kwima, lekoka.

(rather),

deke, vezi.

Between, adv.^ kuna or muna or vana mposoko see also under

;

Blend

(combine),

v.t.^

lumba.
;

kati, App,

Beverage, ., ndua, 2 inia, 9. Bewail, with gesticulations, v.i.^ za;

zaua.

Beware

interj.^

makono

Bless, vd., sambula. (as God, not invoke a blessing), v. vana e nsambn (2) see saknmuna, App. Blessed, be, v., sambuka.
;

Bewilder, v.t., ziezianisa. Bewildered, be, v., zayi

zenzela, zieziana plexed, be, p. 158,
;

blessed one,
(12

u-)

(i)

., nsambuki, nsambu.

i,

nkwa

see also per-

&

App.

Bid
Big,

(tell), v.t.,

samwina.
;

Blessing, an invocation of a, ;/., lusambu, 10 lutaulwilu, 10 lukandwilu, 10; .f^^ kandwila, App.
;

(command), kanikina. rt., -ambafu, -ankofo

liking wa
be, or

invoke,
see

utter,

pronounce,
it is

^'./.,

also

Bigger,

& utiangi, App. become, in size, 7az*., tuntuka e ntela (2). (stout, great), -atonga. (of pigs only)^ ., -antongo. Bigness (corpulence), n., tonga, 6. Bird, young, //,, nswidi, 4 (Bako).
Birth
(a being born), n.,

sambula, taulwila. Block, single, ;/., ebaya, 8

single block only,

one

ebaya dimosi
kika

kiau ekulu.

Block

the view,

7/./.,

meso

(Pl- 7).

something which blocks the view,

up, see obstruct,

from his

birth,

ewutuka, tuka ewu-

nkakidiswa, 2. App.
in by, be,
7^.,

Blocked

z/.,

bambamena.

tuka diandi.
(a

Blow

(a fire)
7/.Z.,

lemona, lemuna.

bringing forth), n., ewuta, 8 her first bearing, ewuta diandi

diantete.

along,

(as the wind),

vekomoka. 7/./., vekomoka, beba.

7/./.,

out (distend),
8.

tuva, tividika.
the wind),
7/./.,

Birthright,
Bishop,
liiT, .,
.,

efwafwa, nkengi, i & 4.

.,
;

over or
6.

down

(of

vitumuna.
;

vasina, 6
little, .,

bela, 6

tente,
2.

up
the

(as

gunpowder), vd.^ vubuna.

7/./.,

least

nsunungina,

(with the breath),

fula.

(slice), ., sele, 6.

manner

in

which a blow was

Bite,

za,

off

a large piece,
a.,

vwengo-

mona, vwengona.
Bitter, excessively,
kiolo, adv.
e kiokiolo, e

struck, ., ewanda, 8. Blunt, ., -ambufu-bufu. Bluntness, ;/., bufu-bufu, 12. Bluster (in speech), 7/., vulumukina.

Bitterness,

.,

nlula,
2.

4.

rush and bluster (as the wind),

t/./.,

excessive, ., nkio,

pekomoka, vekomoka.

; ;

729

Boa-Bri
(of a tree only),
.,

Boast, n., lusanu, 10. Boasting, habit of, n., esemba, 8. Body, dead (of an animal), n., fwila, 6. Bogie, n., kakungu, 9 ngobodi, 2. Boil, v., fukusa (Bako), bila (Bake).
;

Branch

ta,

(Bako).
small, kola,
6.

branch out a second time {i.e. to put out a branch from a branch), t/.,
tekola.

to pieces, vJ.,
v.i.,

bombomona. bombomoka.
kabuka.
;

Bold,

be, v.,

Brass wire, thick, ., mbienga, 2. Bravery, to show, v., songa mwi-

Boldly

or speak, v., kabula he went and told it boldly to

to tell

ka
Bread,

(3)

a kiakala

(5).

;/.,

the chief,

wele dio kabula

kwa

Break

in

kwanga, 6. two, v.t., minguna.

71.,

mfumu.
Boldness,
n.,

(check),

mu,
Bolt

12

unkabu, 12 nkabu, 2.

ungya-

a law,

n.,

nkakilwa, bangula e
fight), v.,

2.

nkuwu

(2)

j^^nkuwii,App.
out (of a free
;

(bar), n.,

Bond

(covenant),

mbindi, 2. n., ekangu, 8

6.
;

[nkindu

(2)

nka-

ngu,
(tie), n.,

4.

kangwa,

dituka. pull and break in two, zuzuna.

i-]

v.t.,

duduna,

Bondage, h., wayi, 12 Booth, n., lembeka, 6.

uwayi,
bayi,
a.,

12.

(snap) in two, kendona.

a vow,
2

v.,

fumba
App.

e ndofi

(2).

Border
Bored,

of a

cloth,

.,

(P.

Breakfast,

take, v.,

mina

e ete (S)

bainha).
in

see ete,

many
v.,

places,

-azoko-

zoko.
be (wearied),

Breast-cloth, n., lenga, 6. Breast-plate, n., nkikwa (2) a tulu

(6).

sukwa

moyo

(3)

tantwa

mpasi

(2 pi.).

Breathe
(3)

into, v.t.,
v.,

fulumwina.

Borers, those which destroy wood

in brackish water, .,

the last gasp,

kuma

mongo

mumbidi,

3 (Solongo).

adv., e kambakamba, e kakamba. Borrow, vJ., see also sombola, App.

at interest,

Borne by many,

a fwa. softly (as one asleep or unconscious), v., tumbula, tundula.

Breathing, painful, with ekomongo, 8.

difficulty, n.,

Borrowed, Bottle (for

a.,

dima. -ansompa.
.,

Breed (stock), n., kuna, 12. Breeder of stock, ., ntwedi,

& 4.

water for travelling),

luamba, 10. Boulder, ., ngengele (2) a etadi. Boundary, n., mwingilu, 3 nke;

Breeze, strong, n., tembo, 6 (Bako). Bribe (to secure judgment), .,

v.,

mbabu, 2. vana e mbabu.

ndelo, 2

nsilu, 4

luiku,

10.
2.

Bounds

of moderation,
v.t.,

.,

ngingu,

Bow

down,

yizika.
8
see

given as a, a., -ambabula. Bribery, n., mbabula, 2. Bride, n., ndumba, 2.

yizama. Bowels, ., ekati,

v.i.,

Bridegroom,
;

.,

K.-Eng. App.
(8).
5.

(so-called

kiyowa-nkiila, 5 from the custom of

be regular as regards one's bowels,

v.,

mona
5

mafula
;

rubbing a cosmetic of powdered camwood all over the body on

the festal occasion).

Bowl,
Boy,

.,

lumpinu, 10

kila,

.,

kiusi,

(Bako).

Bridesmaid,
Brief,
.,
;

n.,

ndumbizi,

2.

Brackish, a., -akanga (Solongo). Brain, ., tomvi, pi. 10 (Bako), wo-

Briefly

-a kolo kiakete. so to state things briefly,

that,

it

mbo

(Solongo).

was arranged

kana mengi,

Bri-But

730)
Bundle, Burden,
efunda, 8. enatn, 8 zitu, Burial, ., zikwa, 6. Burn, v.t., yisa (Bako). fiercely, v.i., lekoka.
.,
.,
;

Briefly, continued. vuya aka, dikubamene vo; see also story, App.

6.

Bright

(dazzling), a., e sezi {adv.).

a.,

(giving light),

-antemo.

be very,
dazzling,

v.i.,

kengomoka.

up, to

ashes,

v.,

bomona, fumfula,

Brightness,

., elezi-lezi, 8.
v.i.,

fumpula.

., sezi, pi. 6.

bomoka, boma.
roar,
t/./.,

Brilliance, ., elezi-lezi, 8. Brilliant, a -elezi-lezi. Brim of a hat, matu (pi. 9) ma

,

mpu

(2).

Bring up

or up from tumbulula. to perfection, see perfect, App. up again (some old affair), 2/./., ziotola, not tcsed of or to one^s
to the surface
%>.,

vika. kitima. Burning fiercely, a., -anyuyi. be burning to (anxious), 7/., viangaIwa or zinwa moyo (3) or
(set fire to), v.t.,

up with a

the dead,

ntima
(longing)
(3)
;

(4)

moyo or ntima
lakukwa

(u-)

viangala or zina.
7/.,

moyo

see

K.-Eng. App.

betters;
(foster),

yangumuna.

'<y.,tongonona,kubulula. (rear), z/., kudisa.

calycinium,^., luyuki,
;

Briophyllum
(Bako).

Burnt, be (consumed by fire), z'.z., ya (Bako). up to ashes, be, t/.z., bomoka,boma. Burrow, n., nduzu, 4-

10 (Bako)

luyukia-yukia, 10

Bush

(jungle), .,
to,
7/.,

mfuta,

4.

relapse

futa.
profession),
n.,

Broken

to atoms, be, v.,

;?.,

Brokerage,

mbata,
n.,

wesomoka. mboko, 2.
;

Business (trade, nkono, 4.

Brother

(used by or of the opposite

nsanga, 2. see also mwana-ngudi, App.

sex only),

Brow, ., mbunzu, 2. Bruise (& cause fungumuna.

(something to be attended to), nkolo, 4. (work in one's profession), mfunu, 4 he brought them a good deal
of business,

swelling),

v.t.,

mfunu wingi
;

ka-

batwasidi.
pressure
of,

Brushwood,

just outside a town, .,

;

nziezie, 4
10
;

nkunku, 2 (Bako). Brute, brutal fellow, n., mbangadi, I & 4 mbangazi, i & 4
nganzu, 2
;

lunzumbulu,
busy,

nzieta, 4 am very
;

nziezie
.,

wingi
;

ngina
K.-Eng.

wan.
one's
first,

bangazi,

6.

vaki, 6
4.

see

Bubble

slowly (of thick

fluids),

v.,

App.
pressure
of,

bwadinga. Build, n., kanda, 12 they are both of the same build, yau ewole kanda umosi the build of one who comes early to maturity,
;

nziezie,

Bustard, n., nkunda-ngongo, 2. Bustle (rush), ?z., ngungula-ngungula, 2. Busy, be very, 7/./., zuwana.

kanda wa mvudi
VTilu-vulu
(6).

(4)

or

wa
2

Busybody,

.,

nyakami,

&

4.

Building
Bulky,
be,

material,

.,

ntungu,

be a, 7/.Z., yakama. But, conj., nlongo (=mpasi, which

see).

{sing, otily).
v.i.,

yilalala.

(bringing a strong contrast),

kaka
I

render,

Bump

yididika. (protruding lump),

7/./.,

do not as you
.,

like,

but as
only).

like,

fungu-

ke nuvangi luzolo lueno ko

dia, 6.

luame kaka (mine

731

But-Cas
(in

But, continued.
(except), see

Capital

trade),
6.

.,

lusalu,

10

but now, see

evengwa, App. kasi OWU, App.

ntetedi,
4-

kuta,

in slaves, w.,

kuta,

6,
i

Butcher,
Buttress, Iwa,

.,

.,

mwekwa,
;

nsiku2.

2 (Bako)

nsiamu,
kutula.

Captive, ., mbakami, (i)ambaki. ., -ambaki.

& 4 muntu
;

Buy
up,

(a slave only),
z/./.,

z/./.,

Care
nkaa-

(anxiety), ., songololo, 6.

kita.
jackal),

(business),

lunzumbulu,
.,

10.

Buzzard, jackal (buteo

yi-nuni,
2.
;/.,

white-breasted,

nkodi

(2)

nkwata.

By

(day by day, &c.), see ke, App.

sunga-sunga, 6. done without any attempt at care, a., -afwatiku -fwatiku. be full of care, v.i., zumbuluka. of, take good, v., kenga, keya. (look after something alive or lunga-lunja, movable), v.^ yenga-yenga. Careful (against), be very, v., ku(concern),

Cage,

., see

nkulubu, App.
(the true),
^/.,

kenka
ngongo
4.

\refl.

(muna)].

Calabar bean
(2)

antela.
8.

Calabash, medium-sized, n., mfiba,

unripe or blighted, ebubulu,

Calculate, v.i., dikula. Calculation, by, adv., mbalu.

Call,
v.t.,

Careless, a., -ankwalu. manner, in a, adv., nkwalu. which involves great loss, ., nsoki see K.-Eng. (4) a mbwanzi (2) App.
;

muna

ki-

loka (Bako), loka e mbila

(2)

(Bako).
to

(blundering), n., nsansansalu, 2 see sansala. Cargo, n., enatu, 8. Carpenter, ., mbangu (2) a nti (4).
;

Carelessness

for (on the way), v., vitula.

Carried on
v.,

industriously,

be,

v.i.,

(something

be

brought),

liniziana.

bokelesa. (name), v., yika. out (to a duty), v., suma. over (names, items, &c.), tangu-

Carry away
&c.), v.,

(as

flood,

crowd,

twalakesa, kukumuna,
v.t.,

vitumuna.
(an infant) in a sling,

zembeka.

muna.
out loudly,
v.,

kaluluka.

upon upon
upon,

(a fetish), v., vovelela.

on industriously, v.t., finizieka. on the head without holding, nata e ntentela (2).

for help (beseech), v.t.,

wo-

safely through danger, v.,

wombesa.

ndelela.

make a

(visit), v.,

kangadila.

something very heavy, v., kaba. take up and carry away at once, v.t.,
kikula.

Calm, be, 7/., vuvama. Camel, ., samo (Fr. chameau). Camcensia maxima (bot.), ., mfundangavu, 4-

Carte blanche,
misa
have, vd,,
{i-efi).

allow,

v.t.,

kuta-

kutamina

{refl^.

Camp

(regular resting-place
vellers), .,

for

tra-

Carve
Case
to

(sculpture), vJ.,

sema.

eboko,

8.

Candle, ., nkengwa, 2. Cannibal, ., mundia-wantu, 3. Canoe, ., bwatu (Bako, pi. matu), 13. Cape (headland), ., nkonko, 2 (Solongo),

pwa-meso, 6. be judged, ., mfundu, 4.

in point, .,

in case that,

or in case of

(lest), cotij.^

-nkwa.
(if

perhaps),
;

unkwa, unkwa kala

ekunkwa,

8.

vo

see

-nkwa, App.

Cas-Cha

'

132

Casing, ., ngumbu, 2. permanent, of leather, &c.,.,kasu, 6. Cassava leaves, and a dish prepared from them, ., nsaki, 2. small field of, ., ntembelela, 2. Cassia fistula, ?i., nsazu, 4. Cast (into an abyss), v.t., nengona. one's self upon one's face, v.^ bukalala.

Ceaseless, ., -ankwamu. Ceaselessness, ., kwaminini, 6. Cell, ., see esangala, 8, App. Censure, v., semba. ., lusembo, 10. Centi- (metre, &c.)= x 100, senti(meta,
etc.).

Castrate, Cat-fish

v.t.,

nwata

(Bako).

(siluroid),

long-headed
;

Centime, ., sentime, 2. Centipede, mwalala, 3. Centre, n., ndunda, 2 the centre of the town, ndunda a evata.
,
;

species of, n., dwele, 6 broad-headed, ngola, 2.

dole, 6.

the very,
line
(of

n.,

ediongi,

8.

something long, as road.

plank, &c.),
3.

Catch

(seize), v.t,, yimba. and carry away, v., kukula. by cunning or treachery, v.t.^

river,

n.,

munga-

nga,
lo-

wela.
v.i.^ kankalakana, konkalakana. catch hold of, v.t., kwata, dima. in great numbers (of fish), v., fu-

the foot and stumble,

Ceremonious, a., -afuka. Ceremony, ft., fuka, 6. perform a, v., vanga e fuka.
Certain, be ko he
;

(not
is

fail),

v.,

ke lembi

certain to go, kele-

mbi kwenda
it is

muna.
in

ko. very certain, e diambu

yamu

the very act

(of),

z/.,

vumbula
(pi. 6).

ludi.
(evident), see also laya,

(muna).
sight
of,

App.

7/./.,mona e kelezi

a certain,

a.,

-mosi, in the secondary

up

(of

at last the other

one following), t/., bakana; one caught up. okalokala babakanini.

speech,

up

in one's
(13).

yaka
v.t.,

zunu
kokeka.

(with a

hook or
be, get,

snare),

form, and prefixed with the article of its class-, a certain man, muntu omosi. Certainly (by all means), adv., kiau tu nki. (surely), j^^ mpandi & lembwa, App.

Cattle,

;z.,twezi, 6 (Bako).

Certainty,
baika
10.

n.,

ziku, 6

lusikidisu,
facts),
n.,

Caught,

become,

vd.,

(Bako). of a trap which has been caught

(sure

knowledge of the
6.
;

visa,

somehow,
sprung,
v.,

and

fwa

cannot fumbi, 6.

be
e

be caught sight
kelezi

of, v.i.,

moneka
;

Certificate, ., visa, 6 lusikidisu,6. Certify (formally), v.t., visa; see K.-Eng. App.

(pi. 6).
;

Chafe
ebandu, 8
8.

(soreness),
n.,

n.,
5

nlamu,
;

4.

Cause,

n.,

bila, 6
8
;

eya-

Chaff,
v.,

kieya,
(Bako).

(Bako)

bietula,

ndu,

elonda,

pi. 5

kiaki {with the appl. form), e bila ye ebandu. (origin), n., ntondo, 2. Cautious, be very (against), 7/., kufor this, e bila

ta kieya or bietula (Bako), kiekielela.

(for prisoner), n.,
5-

Chain

kingoyongo,

kenka

[re/l.,

(muna)].
;

to connect a prisoner with his keeper.

n., kimpanga-nkanu, 5. Chalcedony, ., kalsedone, 2. Challenge, v.i., loba, see tuta nlembo (4), App.

Cave, ., nzimba, 2 nduka, 4. Cavity, n., see esangala, 8, App. great, kompodia, 6, wompodia, Cease, z/., voza.

6.

733

Cha-Chu
(brake),
.,

Challenge,
gun

continued.

Check
(4)

nkakilwa,

2.

fired as, .,

nzongO
zumbi,

a 8U-

7A,

kakila, kakidila.

ngu (6). Chance (luck),

owu.
(opportunity),
(2),

.,

6.
2/.,

have a chance (means),

kala yo

Check, v.t., ningika, kindika. Cheek, a swollen, ;z., eyititi, 8. Chewed refuse, ., nkamvi, 4. Chicken, little, ., susubwila, 6
kinsusubwila, Child, ., lezi, 6.
little,
5.

kala ye ntangwa
e

baka
(2).

ntangwa, vwa

nzila
give
a,
7/.,

bala-bala, 6
5

(Bako)
;

ki-

sila e nzila (2).

rn wana-mwana,

kingyana-

Change

(alteration), ., ekitu, 8.

ngyana,

5.

bring about (of heart, not of outward

form),
(of
7/./.,

kitumuna.
n.^

undersized, dwele, 6. the firstborn to a man,

(i)

.,

mwana
;

appearance),

soba-SOba,
2.

6.

a toko

(6).

(of food), .,

mbingu,

only begotten,
v.i.,

a palaver or language only),

k(of

bindama.
,

n., kialati, 5 this is only child, kialati kiame kiki; these are the only two

my

ntima(4). or opinion, &c., v.i vilula. CHANGED, be (for the bad), in opinion, character, & heart, t/.z., biondo-

one's mind, t/.z.jVilukwa

children

have had,

eyayi

yalati yame. {If there were others^ but they are dead, this word cannot be used.)

yau ayole

moka,|bendomoka. Changeableness, n., vilu-vilu, Channel, ., nkwala, 2. Chapel, n., esambilu, 8.

;z.,

6.

Chapter (in a book), ekono, 8. Charge not to, to, 7/., kanikina.
(before judges),
z/.,

Chilliness, n.., ezizima, 8. Chilly, ., -ezizima. Chin, n., zevo, 6 (Bako). Chip, ., vasina, 6. Choice, allow free, t/., kutamisa.

Choose

(select), 7/,/,

dimbuna,

ta.

funda.

Chord
(5)

(load), ., zitu, 6.
of,

eleko, 8. The following are the names of the

of music,
.,

place

in, v.,

sia e

kiyekwa

ivory horns set to the chord

mi',
do',
sol,

of,

kia. take (of an

luenze,
sengele,

10.
6.
2.

person

?r

care), v.,

orphan or helpless something in no one's konkolola.

ngandu,
8.

mi, evula,

Charm (fetish), mpandu, 2. Charms (beauty), ., wete, 12.

?z.,

do, koka-titi, 6.

the sound of the key-note, ekanda,

.,
8.

Chase
.,

(those

fleeing

in

war),

kulana. nkula, 4the earth,

Chorus

Chasm

caused by the subsidence of voloka, 6. ., volo, 6

;

Chastening (discipline), n.^ (punishment), tumbu, 6,

Chastity,
?z.,

elongi,

8.

or choral answer in antiphonal song, ?z., nyaku, 4. to sing, 7/., yakulula, yakula. Christian, ., Nkristu, i. a., -ankristu.

see ziku,

App.

Chatterbox, ., nkwa (i) lungwedi (10), lumbwambokoso, 10. Cheap, be, v., fwika (Bako), fika.

Christianity, n., kikristu, 5. Chronicles, /z., lusansu, 10. Chrysalis, ., kintekwa, 5 (Bako)
kinketa,
5

(Bako).

Cheat (overreach), ngu (2).

v./.,

z/.z.,

teka

nga-

Chrysolite, /z., krisolite, 2. Chrysoprase, ., krisoprase,

2.
;

Church

(building), .,
(2)

esambilu, 8

tekela e ngangu.

nzo

a Nzambi.

; ;

Chu-Clo
Church,
continued.

C734

Clear,

be,

v.i.,

kia.

(company of Christians or the Church universal), nsa, 4 (a

Kristu).

Churlishness, nkumfu,

n.,

nkumfu,

lu-

make, v.t, kiesa. be (as crystal), v.i., yedima. be (manifest), t/.z., senzama. make, v.t., senzeka.
off, v.i.^

10,

vula.

Cinnamon,
nelle).

?/.,

kanele, 2 (Fr. can-

the road (to allow

v.,

some one
;

to pass).

Circle, n., zongolo, 6 nkongolozi, 2. Circuitous, be, v.i., viongoloka, viotakana, viondoloka, kondoloka, zieta. Circumcise, v.t., yotesa. Circumcised, be, v.i., yota. Circumcision, ., usewa, 12. Circumspect, be, v., kukenka {refl). Civilization, n., see ngwizani, 2, App.
;

sila e nzila (2) why did you not clear the road for me 1 adieyi

olembele kunsidila e
the throat,
v.,

nzila.

kekomona.
ditomene

(transparent), a., -amoni.

it is

(&c.) very clear that,

kusenga.
it

is

quite
ludi.

clear,

diambu yamu

Clamour,

.,

miangu.,

biaula, pi. 5 (Bako) pi. 3 lokoso, 10.

;

Clearing, make a good wide, vj.. venzomona. Clearly, clearly evidenced, adv.^ e

pwa-meso
visible, adv., e
(in

(6).

Clan, ., ezimi, 8. Clang, ., tietiekele, pi. 6. Clanging, a., -angenge. Clanship, ., uzimi, 12. Clap the hands before beginning
speak,
(of the
v.,

kimona-meso.

a clear open space),

v.,

vana mpe-

to

mbe (2). Clench the teeth, meno (pi. 7).

Clever,
be,
v.i.,

kamika

totola.
.,

luenga, luengoloka.
I

hands, showing surprise),

8.

efufu,
clap thus,
prise),

-anluengi. person, n., nluengi,

a.,

&
;

4.
;

v.,

bunda
vuba
;

e efufu.

(for thanks, congratulation,

7/.,

or sur-

he clapped

Cleverness, n., lue, pi. 6 luenga, 9 ndwenga, pi. 2 diela, 7. Click iuterj., kwaka twe
;
!

his

hands with
lukofi.

surprise, OVUbi-

Climb,

v.t.,

kuma,

tota.

di

Clapping (noise), ??., toto, 6. Clasp the hands over the head, t/., ta kintanda (Bako), zinga e kintanda (5). Class (of men or society), .,nzangi, 2. Clay, pottery, n., luwumba, 10.
mixture of clay with palm- wine, see

Clod, ., ebwengelekete, 8. Close together, adv., e kimfini (5). up (as a wound), v., vinduka. Closeness, n., kimfinangani, 5
;

Clean,

towa, Appendix. be, 7/., lengoka, lenguka.

shining),
z/./.,

mfinangani, 2 mfini, 2. (stuffiness), n., ndnkutila, 2. Cloth, see also ndembi-nona, App. of fine texture, n., nlaya, 4. house or duster, ., evuya, 8. loin cloth, having a fringe on its
lower edge, n., pamba, 6. old or rough to wear at one's work,
n.,

make (white and kengomona.

(a child
7/./.,

which has made a mess). komba, kokanisa (Bako)

rag, .,

koka,

6.

red, ., salazi, 2 (P. sarge). striped, n., tuta, 6.

kusuna.

Cleaning

evuya, 8. be (as crystal), v.i., yedima. Cleanness, ., tununu, pi. 6.

velvet

brocade

(native

cloth)

as
.,

woven on the Upper Kasai, nsimba-lusangu, 2.

(735

CLO-COKf
continued.

Clo TH,

co7itinued.
.,

Come,
2 (P.

white baft,

mpanu,

worn over the breasts, ., Clothes-horse, Hne to hang clothes

on,
.,

panno). lenga, 6.

(of

sunshine after

dulness),

v.^

teka. out (of something in which

it

was

ezalu,

8.

Clothing, n., vwatwa, 6. Cluu, (kill with a club), v.t., T)ola. Clumsy, ., -ansansansalu. Cluster (group), ., ekutu, 8 ekutukutu, 8 ekuti, 8 kuti-kuti,6. Clutch, v.t., fiantikina. Coalesce, v.i., vukana. Coat, ?/., ekutuwa, 8.
;

encased or embedded), v.i., 80koka. to the point or to business, 7/., zi-

kula

diambu

(7).
7/.,

to the surface,

up again,

tongO-

moka, tnmbuluka.
to one's senses or
self, 7/., vunguka, vungukilwa, kumona, kuzaya.

to

the

surface of

the earth,

v.i.^

Coco yam (Taro, Colocasea ?), mvindi (4) a elanga ('8), mvindi mia malanga).
Cogitate, v., lamba, dikula. Coil (of ntaku wire), ., sasa, 6. Coincide, 7/.,kweiida e bambala

.,
(pi.

bangumuka.
together (of persons only),
7/./.,

lu-

ngwa.
violently (of

wind or

rain),

t/.z*.,

vi-

kuka.
(6).

well together (as in a good joint),

v.^

Cold
rt.,

(chilliness),
pi. 6.

ezizima, 8

todi,

vinduka.

Comfort

(peace of mind),
;

?z.,

lufi-

-ezizima. Collect by degrees,

v.,

little by little, wonzekela, wonzolola, to-

auku, TO after a good

nzengele,

fiauzi, 12.

meal,
2.

sense

of,

.,

tolola.

Comforter
mind),
;

(restorer
n.,

Collection, n., ngonzekela, 2. Colony, ., evanga, 8 evanga dia

nsi
(2).

of peace of mfiaulwisi, i & 4.

2.

Command,
also

Coming, reason for, ., ngizilu, w., nkanikinu, 4.

7/.,

Colour,
lose,

n.^ see

nziu
.,

&

lo,

App.

kanikina.
Yi^2b,/cllowed by
its object^

7/.Z.,

seboka, pukuka.
matter,

(tell to),
pi. 6.

Colouring

dima,

otherwise
.,

vova must

be used in-

Column

(of

cloud
5.

or
8.

smoke),

stead.

kintungila,
(pillar), .,

elunzi,

Commence, toza, bantama, bandama, dokama.

t/.z".,

(row),

;/.,

nlonga,

4.
v.t.,
;

Come

(an angry word),

viangila do not come into my house (you rascal), kuviangila mu nzo

Commencement (the mbandamu, 2

Commend,
t/.z".,

first

thing), n.,
2.

ngyatiku,

sanisa.

to one's charge,

yekeka.
.,

^^Hn crowds, v.i., nietoka, niotoka. ^^Bi a great crowd, v.i.^ buka. ^^ito one's mind or head, yimamuna

Commission mbata,

(fee),
2.

mboko,
in,
7/.,

Common, have

or possess
2.

le-

^^B

ntima

(4).

ndana. sense, ., ntona,

(ordinary),
a.,

j^^Bave come

into one's head,

yimwa

kibeni

see also

muna
into view,

ntima.
seloka.
7/.,

mpasi, App.

v.i.,

Commotion,
tomboloka.
z/.z.,

.,

pita-pita,

pi. 6.

out (of

new

leaves),

(of sun,

moon and

stars),

se-

loka.
(of the stars), v.,

be in great, v.i., pitakana, pitana, tembela. (noise indicating a commotion), .,

ndiki-diki,
2.

deka.

COM-CON
COMMUNION, COMMUNITY,
Companion,

(736)
^^^^^^i
5.

J
)

ki-

Conclude,
I

continued.
;

ntwadi,

.,

mpwa,

(Bako)

conclude with this kama, App. Conclusion, bring to

(decision),

see

under yefula.

a, v.t,,
?:'./.,

mboki, 2 (Kib). Companionship, .,

come

to a,

solola.

kinkwa,
5
;

(end), ., nsilu, 4-

unkwa,
ntwadi,
(on the way),

12
12.

kintwadi,

u-

nkangalu, 4. Company (large number of people), ., evwangi, 8.

joint stock, n., kibale,
5.

Concord, t/., wawaiia. ., ngwawani, 2. Conduct, by force, ?/./., Cone, n.^ ekunkwa, 8.

filakesa.

as

a,

adv.^ e kibale.

(on the way), n.,

nkangalu,
v.t.,

4.

Confide, t/.z., fiata (P. confiar). Confidence, n.., vuvu, 6 lufiatu, see also nka10 (P. confiar) nka, App.
;
;

Compare

together,

tezanisa,
of,

baseless,

kiememe,
v.,

5.

fwaninika.

Comparison, standard
nonga,
nonga.
6.
v.^

nonga-

make a comparison,
Compel,
?/.,

sia e nonga-

bunda e vuvu (6). mutual, bundana e vuvu. Conflagration, a great, ??., nkitimu, 4place, impose,

Conform
(6)

to,

z/.,

kala

fwani-fwani

nwengena.
to, z/.A,

ye.
_

Complain
App.

yidimina.
see

to
2,

new

conditions,

minuka.

Complaisancy,

.,

ngemba,

Confound (perplex), v., kindakesa. Confuse (derange), v., vwalangasa

(Bako),

Complete
v.t.,

(perfect), be, v.,

kunkuka,

vangama.
kunkula.
(of term, quantity), n.^
4-

Confusion,
in,

n.,

vwangalakesa. evwanga, 8
;

ntia-

Completion

ugalakani, 2 ^., -evwanga.

in,
-z/.z".,

mpioto,

2.

nlungu,

rush along
&c.), v.^

vindana.
n.,

Compose

(a speech, poetry,

Congo Free State,

ngani.

Ekongo

dia-

yinda.

Composed
bwa.

(calm), be,

ntima

(4,

u-)

Compound, see -anatana, App. Comprehend, 7/., vungula.

koneka. Compress, Compressed, be, v.i., kona. Compulsion, n.^ mfunka,
-z/.,

Congratulate, v., lufiaulwisu, 10 vana lukofi, 10. Congratulation, n., lukofi, 10. Conjunction (^r^w.),.,kangilwa, 6. Conquer, v.L, tufakesa. Conquered, be, v.i., tufakana.
;

was

under compulsion,
yasilu.

ku mfunka

Conscience, ., ntona, pi. 2. Consciousness, recover, 7/., vunguka, vungukilwa, kumona, kuzaya.

Concave,

to be,

v.i.,

kompoka, ko-

foka,

vompoka.

Consider

carefully,

v.,

lamba,
other,

di-

make, v.i., kofola, kompola, VOmpola. Concealed, ., -akinswekamena,

-asweki.

kula, vimpita.

Consideration, show each

yinduziana.

?y.,

Concern

(anxious),

.,

sunga-su-

Consolation, n.^ luwondelelo, 10 {act), luwondeleko, 10 {pass.).

(peace of mind),
.,

nga, 6. Concision, ., luseoko,

fiauzi, 12

lu-

10.

fiauku,

10.

Conclude,

z/./.,

fula.

Console,

7/./.,

wondeleka.

737

CON-COR

f: Constant,

a.,

-ankwamu.
(unremitting),
t/./.,

be constant in
iinizieka.

Conversant, be well, t/., via, via e mpila (2), biluka. Converse with, v.i.^ yambila yo
(Bako).

Constantly,

be, ta,
w.,

sama, lakama.
2.

Constipation,

mfinga,

Construct
Consult,

(of

many

materials), vJ.,

tudika.
r/.z'.,

Conversion, ., luviluku ntima (4). Convert, ;z., mvilu, 2.

7A,

(10)

lua

vetama
;

(lay

their

vilula

ntima.
be, v.,

heads together) vumhuka (sit up again) they consulted

together,

Converted,

vilnkwa
(Bako).
t/.z.,

Cook
be

sufficiently,

?/./.,

ntima. yisa (Bako).

and

then,

baveta-

Cooked,

be,

t/.z.,

ya

mene bavumbukidi.
Contain, v. Kongos do not say what a thing contains^ but rather where the things are, or what things are in it this case contains nails, e nkele yayi nsonso zina mo.
\

well, but not burnt,

in

Cooking, cleverness
velezieka, 6. make such dishes,

boma. making tasty

ti.y

dishes out of httle nothings,

7/.,

velezieka^

Contempt,

.,

lutunu, 10 (Bako)
;

luvezo, 10

lutialu, 10.

Copper, ., ngambaka, 2. Copulate, v., zoma. (of animals), v., vukula. Copy, v.t., tanginina, tangununa.
to

Contentment,
fiauzi, 12.

;/.,

lufiauku,

10

produced, ., tanginina, 6. be imitated, ., mbandu,

Contentious
a

fellow, .,
(2).

nganga

(2)

mpaka

Continually, to... (do, &c.), v., lakama, sama; olakamene kwenda, he went continually.

tangininwa, 6. exact, ;z., nkutu-bandu, 2. Copy-book, ., nkanda (4) a nkutubandu.

Cord,

n.,

mfumvu,
palm

2.

Continue
doggedly,

to follow,

7/./.,

landidila,

plaited (of

frondlets, &c.),

;z..

lakama.
v.i.,

dokalala, finizieka.
t/.z.,

long at

(a place),

zingila.

Cordiality, ., luyayidilu, 10. Cordially, treat, z/.A, yayidila.

Continuous, a., -ankwamu. CoNTiNuousNESS, ?z., kwaminini, 6. Contract, ?z.,iikangu, 4 ekangu, 8.

;

Core

(heart, centre), n.,

kingudi,
(pi.

5,

Corn, very

soft green, .,
.,

ntwenia,
6)

4.

(grain generally),

ma

ya

v.t.,

kanga

ekangu.

(stipulation), ebika, 8, genly. plural.

mbwaza. Corner, ., nzinga,

v.t.,

4.

Contradict (deny), v.t., vakula nkalu (4). Contrary, be (of the wind), v.

vakika.

of a sheet, &c.,
[e

nsambu,

2.

Corpse,

n., see

deceased, App.

tembwa
act

(6) ki-]

tala.

dry a corpse, vJ., kavisa.

contrary to advice,

kuzuka

malongi (pi. 8). Contribute, t/., kuba. Contribution, ., ekau, 8. Control, beyond all, a., -atununu. be, v.i., tununuka.
proper,
.,

Corpulence, n., tonga, 6. Corpulent, ., -atonga. Correct, a., -akosi, -avia

to

mpila

correct speech, mambumakosi.

pattern or

gauge,
(in

a.,

-anongastyle,

nonga.

tlTUU, 6
v.,

be well under,

lutunu, tuna.
;

10.

Correctness
Corrugation,

manner,
.,

speech, &c.),

kosi,

6.

Convalescence, n., lo, 6. Convalescent, be, &',, mpna

a, n.,

e lo

(6).

Corrupt (make evil),

mungumbuti,J. 7/., bangumuDca 3 B

Cor-Cro
Corrupt,
se couHttued.
(4)

738

Craft,

n.,

ekondeka,
7.

ekoneka, 8

mbi

of persons or bi (12)

diela,

of things; yivisa.

Craftily,
-anwodi.

act,z/.,

teka
;/.,

ngangu
2.

(2).

Corruptible

(perishing),^.,

Craftsman,
Crag, a

a good,
n.,

mfuzi,

be, v., wolakana. Corruption, n.^ uwolezia, 12. Cost (altogether), v., kota muna;

beetling,

lunengananu,
after
sitting
9.

10.

Cramp and

stiffness
;/.,

a
in

long while,
a
forest, n.,
for, n.,

suka-suka,
4.

they cost 100 brass rods, ziko-

Crashing, made by a great beast

mfoto,
|

loontaku. Councillor, the most trusted,

tele

muna

?/.,

Craving
mad,

kinzola-nzola,
;

5^

nemfilatu, i. Counsel, vJ., kubikila.

he is mad for water, eketo dia maza kena

v.,

eketo, 8

Count

carelessly, v.t,
at

by turning up samba.

lambakesa. one corner,

diau.
v.,

Create (make something

into

shapeless

some
n., n.,

form), 7aA, sema.

8.
;

Countenance,

., zizi, 6.

Creation,

esemo,

Country

(in contradistinction to the

n.,

the whole,
(a

town),

evinza,
n.,

8.

far away, foreign,

8.

malongo,
;

pi.

nsema, 4 see also lelelwa (pl.6) ya Nzambi, App. creating), nsema, 2.

on,
.,

Credit
;

e kipodi,

see

trust,

Courage, .,Tinkabu, 12 ungyamu, 12 nkabu, 2. Courageous, be, v., kabuka. Court, before an open, adv., ova
etenda-nkongolo.
(of a king),

App.

Creed, Creek,

n.,
n.,

kwikizi,

6.

mwidila,

3 (Bako)

nsu-

lu, 4.

open

a, see

App. mbazi a nkanu, App.

n., see

lelelwa,

6,

Creeper, thorny, n., ewole, 8 ewele, 8. Cretonne, any cloth of floral design
;

in

many

colours, n., esungi,

of, n.,

8.

Courteous, a., -afuka. Covenant, n., ekangu, 8 nkangu,

;

Crew
4.

of a ship, one

mumpa-

// is better to use the former for

the singular,

mbala, 3. Cricket, mole, n., nzenze,

(small), n.,

2.

and

the latter in

kinzenze,

5.

the plu7-al, unless the singular

Crime, be
(4).

guilty of, v.,

nata
(2).

nkanu

and
with

the plural are mentioned

close together, to

avoid confusion

capital,

nata e mpanda

makangu {pi. 8), friends, and nkangu (4), a crowd,

make
or
a,
v.,

a terrible crime which can never be atoned for, n., mungadu, 3 (P. ?

kanga

ekangu,

peccado

.?)

nkangu, 4. Cover, n., fukwa, 6. imperfectly, v., see vunga, App. Covering, outer, n., ngumbu, 2. Crack ijtterj., balanganza kwaka twe
!

very great, see ngungu, App. Crisp, be hard and, v.i., balalala.

make,

v.t.,

badidika.

Crooked, be, v.i., bendomoka, benda,

viongoloka,

viotakana,

zu-

ngumuka.
(as a road, fence, &c.), a.,

in the corner of one's

mouth, ndu-

ngununa,
in the lip, n.,

2.

make,

nsivu-sivu, 2. between the fingers or toes, ., nsingu (2) a nzi (2). Cracking of twigs by an animal in
in the skin

-ampiolo. bendesa, bendomona, viongolola, viotakesa.

v.t.,

Crookedness (of disposition), ., nkumfu, 4 see also nya, App. Crop, n., nkumbu, 4.
;

the

*'

bush,"

., tie-tie, 6.

Cross

(lay athwart), v.t.,

kambika.

(739)
Cross-examine, v., kunka. Cross-eyed, make, v.t., vididika o
rneso
be,
(pi. 7)-

Cro-Cut

Cry, continued.
out aloud in song,
v.,

yengoloka.

(scream as an infant), yabala, ya2.

meso (ma-)

vilalala.

Cross-piece or line, ., nkayikwa, Cross- WISE, adv., ku nkayikwa. Crow, v.i., kuba.

yakiana. ., kube, 2. Cubic, a., -akube.

Cube,

Crowd
around

(throng)

about

(one),

z/.A,

Cultivated country, n., evinza, 8. Cunning, ., ekondeka, 8 eko;

zadila.
(of a great crowd),
7/./.,

fi-

neka, 8 (generally pi.) diela, 7. false, which fails entirely in its pur;

tama. around some one,

(come crowding),
(group,
cluster,

pose,
v.t.,
7/./.,
;

;/.,

ngangu

(2)

zezala

(Z)

jS.tamena.

longomoka.
8.

or zavululu. wicked, n., umpuka,

12.

a great, ., bidi, 6

ebidi,

mob), ekutu,
8
;

one distinguished for, kimpuka, 5. Cupboard, n., nswekelo, 4 mvaka,

;

ekutu-kutu,

ekuti, 8

kuti-

elundilu,

8.

kuti, 6; ntuti, 4. dense, see koka, App.

(things
into

Curiosity, ., untongolozi, 12. Curious, be (prying), v.t., tongolola.

v.t.^

something),

ko-

mangesa. Crowding and treading upon one another, adv., mandiatani

(pl. 7).
v.i., vindana. kolowa, 2 (P. coroa) see also kiandu, App. Crucifix, ., see under nketekwa, App. Cruel, a., -anduvu, -alunkulu, -alufuma. Cruelty, n., nduvu, 4 lunkulu, 10 infunia, 2 lufuma, 10. (in beating only), bobobo, 6. Crumb, n., nkesona, 2 vesona, 6. Crunch, v., kukuta.

together, go,
.,

Crown,

Currency, n., nzimbu, 2. The oldest currency we can hear of was a mat of palm-fibre cloth. lusambu (n & 2), 6x1 inch. generally made up in bundles of 10. They still linger in use to the north of Matadi. They were replaced about 1830 by red glass olive beads, mbembe, 2, which

gave way in about 1863 to a hexagonal blue pipe glass bead

^-inch in diameter,

nzimbu,
prevail.
3.

2,

dinga,

6,

which
.,

still

Current,
Curse,
n.,

strong,

mwalu,
;

nlaza, 4 (Bako) ndaza, 2 see sibu, 6, & kandu, 6, App. Cursed (infamous), ., -asungu.

Crush,

v.t.,

tufakesa.

Curvature, amount

of,

.,enunga,
3.

8.

against the side of the cooking pot.

v.t.,

Curve

(winding),

n.,

mongola,
the knee

uieta (Bako), vota.

Cushion

to support
.,

when
2

and make a mess, v.t., tufuna. into pulp, v.t., nianzuna, niasnna.

squatting,
;

nsikinwa,

Crushed
with

to atoms, be, v., wesomoka. a rubbing movement, v.t.. funta.

;/.,

ndezi, 2 Ttifingitunii,2 (Bako). Custard apple, n., elolo (8) dia

mputu. Custom, established,

(habit), ., \iK\wii, 6.

.,

nkiku,
;

4.

Crux (chief difficulty),

Cry,
.,

vaki,

6.

boko,
to, v.,
v.t.,

6.

Customary,
dila
(9).

a.,

kibeni

customary
12.

begin

seloka
loka.

style of writing, esoneka kibeni.

loudly,

Customs

t^toll),

.,

vaku,
(with
v.t.,

(making a great wodiana.

out loudly,
v.t.,

noise), 7/.z.,vodiana,

Cut

at,

make a
fell),

sword

or

large knife),

saka.

kaluluka.

(hew,

viva.

Cut-Dea
Cut, continued.

740

Dark,

continued.

or small pieces (of cassava only), a., -awele-wele. make a small cut, venzona.
in short

off (a slice, piece),

vasnna.

off (trim),

kumpa, kumpika.

ku-] lakama or (ku-) bwitaor bwitalala bubalala. be in the dark about (a matter), z/.z., yididilwa. in the (concerning a matter), oku
;

of

something hollow, vJ., "bwa-

bubidi

(6).

nguna.
(surgically), v., see seola,

App,
5.

(on the temples,

made

in the opera-

tion of cupping), ., kioba,

Darken, v.t.., bwitidika. Darkened, be, z/.z., bwitalala. Darkening, a, ;z,, ndombola, 2. Darkness (blackness), /z., ndombola, 2.

round the margins of the

hair, v.y

deka
7/./.,

nsuki

(2).

(mental or actual),
(obscurity),
n.,

.,

bubidi,
-

6.

a small piece (of something eatable),

lumvungia
precious

mvu-

zuna.
(8).

ngia,

10.

the throat, zenga e elaka

(trim),

Darling,
rt.,

71.

(very
;

thing),
7.

knmpa, kumpika.
t^./.,

up up

(a carcase of meat),

teta.

diabonda, -a nsi a ntima.

lengezia, 6

to pieces (of grass, paper, leaves,

Dash

(bound)
7/./.,

at, v.t.,

vulumukina.
z/.z.,

&c., kela.

against,
2.

wula muna.
be,

(wound),
.

.,

ndwadi,

Dashed

against,

wulama

cuts (on cut glass),

n., se, 6.

Cyclone, n., nebidi, 2. Cylinder, n., silinda, 2.

muna. Daughter, .,
(i)

see

wuta, App.
?z.,

daughter or son-in-law,

mwana
2
;

alongo (10). Dawn, n., mvunga-vunga,

lelo, 2
"z/.z.,
;

nkie-

Dabble

(as

a duck

in the

mud), vJ.,

minkia, pi. 3. tendoka the day is going to dawn, kuma se kutendoka.

;

wunzulula.

Day, some or one,

ziwa.
star,
zz.,

adv.,

oku kukwi-

Dance, a pause and change in a, ;?., ekuma, 8. Danger, n., sumbu (Bako), 6 vonza,
;

ntetembwa (2) ankielelo (2).

there
is

upon which

no market,

lenga, 6

vangu,

6.

lumbu
e

(6)

be

in, v.,

sumbuka

(Bako),

mona

vonza or vangu or lenga. Dangerous, a., -ambengo-mbengo,

Dare

-avangu, -alenga, -avonza. to, v., kabuka (followed by the infinitive noun) dares he to enter in ? nga kabuka keka;

Daylight, ;z., Dazzling, a., e sezi {adv.). Deacon, zz., selo, 6. Dead, be quite, v., fumbuka.
cold and, vola.
(a

kiansuwa. minkia, pi. 3.

euphemism), budika.
from
all

raise from the, 7/.A, futumuna (Bako).

rise

buka
not to dare
.
.

kota
to, v.,

the,

-z/.z.,

futumuka
who

(Bako).

ke

vwa OWU wa

Deaf,
to

see also

pupu, App.
is,
?z.,
;

ko,
;

subj.

with the fut. conseq. he dared not move, ka-

arguments, one

to mention,

vwidi OWU kanikuna ko. he ventured z/., kabula to go and tell it to the chief, wele dio kabula kwa mfumu.
;

pupulu, 6. Dealings with, have, v.., kala ku-

pukidi-matu, 6

mosi ye. Death, the cause of, zz., lufwa, 10. sudden, zz., lufwa (10^ luakanku
ntintu,
4.

Dark

grow, or be,

z/.,

[kuma

(9)

741

Dea-Dep
continued.
of,
;/.,

Death,

continued.
;/.,

Defence,
6.

violent,

sungu,

speech in defence

vovelo,

6.

Debauch,
Deca-

evil effects of,;/.,

mvunda, 4.
;

result of over- feeding,

mvunda a dia.
x 10

(metre,

<S:c.)

deka-

Defend, v.t., kangula. Defer, v.t., vengekela. the day (&c. ), lambula e lumbu (&c. ).
Deficit, S Defile, v.t., safula, bolola.
;

(nieta, &c.).

Decant, z/./., longolola. Decayed, something, n.^ wolezia, 6. Deceased, the, ., it is not proper to
mention the name of one recently dead, atidto avoid it the following are used: mpasi, 2 (the trouble) ; ezina, 8 (the name), ist class nouns, treated as

'

'

Defilement, n., nsafu, 4 esafu, 8. Define (explain), v.t., sasuna. Deflower, v., tetela. Defraud, v.t., tekela e ngangu (2). Degrade, v.t., see bolola, App.
kunkula. no small degree, ke -andwelo, ke vevi ko. Dejection of spirits, ;/., zowalala, 9. Delay, v.t., kindika, ningika.
(of persons only),

mpasi,

ezina
4.

(0 'zina)

also

Degree,

in

mfu

(Bako),

Deceit, ., luvunginiku, 10; luvuki, 10. Deceitfully, act, v.i., teka e nga-

ngu

(2).

Deceitfulness, n., umpuki, 12. Deceive, v,t., vukika, vunginika. Deceived, be, v., vukama, vunganana.

mazinga, ngu, 8. Delicate, a thing which bekenge, 6.

(tarrying), n.,

pi.

ezi-

is

very, n.,

Delight, n., ekembo, 8. Delighted, be (because of some great

acquisition), v., pata.

Deception
&c.).

(feigning) .,kuviiiiina,9.

Deci- (metre,

&:c.)=to
to

desi-(nieta,

Deliver

Decide (come
ntima
(4).

decision),

v.,

yambukwa
a case in court (" find

moyo
"), v.t.,

(3)

or

(protect), v., kankana. Deliverer, n., kangi, 6. Delude, v., vukika, vunginika. Deluded, be, v., vukama, vunga-

nana.
solola.

Demanded

Decision, prepare or come kubika. in a law court, n., nzengo,

(judgment),
., see

to a, v.,

of one, to have it, v., zolelwa it was demanded of him by the chief, i kazolelwa
;

2.

kwa mfumu.
App.

mpiku,

2,

Demijohn,

small, n.,

nzanda,
v.,

4.

Declare

officially, v.,
a.,

teleka.

Decomposing,

Decrease

(in size), v.i.,

Decreased, a., Deed, ., evangu, 8. Deface, v., bandula. Defect, ., twangu, 6. Defence, make a (by concocting some excuse), v., vala mabu-

-anwodi. keva. -akeva.

Demon, ., nkwiya, 4. Demonstrate (prove),

leka
(pi. 5).

sia e ye-

Deny,
far

v.,

vakula
v.i.,

nkalu

(4).

Depart {of many only), z/.z., wunguka.

away,

vekomoka.

Depend (upon), v., sia e fika (6) ye kamba (6) muna, sia or bunda e vuvu (6).
Dependable,
a.,

ngwa
prepare
a,

(pi. 8)

or e

mpiku

(2).

-afika ye

kamba,

lamba

mabungwa

or

-akwikizi, -avuvu, -aziku.

e mpiku. make a defence (in a court), v., songa e y electa (pi. 5), lit. to show the

Depose,

v.t.,

kunkula.

Depress (the spirits), v., zoweleka. Depressed in spirits, be, z/., zowalala.

true facts.

Dep-Dig

742

Depression of spirits, n.^ zowalala, 9. Derange, v., vwalangasa (Bako). Derangement, n., mpioto, 2 mpi;

Determined

(to),

be very,

v., sift
1

tiku-mpitiku, aku, 4-

ntiaku-nti2 {si7ig.

ekami (8, dia). Dethrone, v.t., kunkula. Devastate, v.t., fwantakesa.

Devil,
.,

bilungi, 2 (Angola.?)

see

Descendants,
only).

.,

mbongo,

also nkadi,

A pp.
nkanka, App.
piantula.
v.t.,

Devotedness,
v.i.,

., see

Deserve,
Desire,
.,

fwanukina,
2.

fwa-

Devour

greedily,

nukwa.
nzola,
earnestly, intensely,
v.,

lekokelwa

Diadem, n., kolowa, 2 (P. coroa). Diarrhcea, severe, n., nsi^nene, 2. Die, v. Can euphemism used of
great people),

or lekukilwa or lengokelwa or lengukilwa or zinwa or

yekama

nima
ac-

a kiandu.
natural death (of one's
cord), not

moyo; sia.e lakukilwa etima (8) fwila...e baba (6).

;

own
v.,

by

violence,

ku-

(for

something, longing),
10
;

n.,

luema,
;

evelema,
/?.,

8.

fwila. slowly and without apparent cause,

v.,

(after), intense,

elemena, 8 (dia)
;

singa.
v.,

eketo, 8 (dia)

nlekoko
;

(4)

suddenly,

kankuka.
luswaswanu,
to

a moyo

(3)

of one's heart,

11.,

baba, 6. etima, 8

Difference
nsi
(8).

(between), the nature of

10
;

(2)

the, n.,

they
the

a ntima
passionately,

(4)2/./.,

carefully explained

me

ketokela
;

difference,

Desired

he desired unzolesele kenda. Desolation (of a deserted town), .,

to, be,

zolesela

nga

batomene luswaswanu.
;

kunsothere
is

him

to go,

(indefinite),nswaswaili, 2
difference,

nswaswaui ina
v.i.,

ko.

uzumbu, 12 mfuta, 2. Desolate (bare), a., -angidinginza.

;

Different, be
guage
;

(of a palaver

or lan;

only),

bindama
;

-asombe a solitary town, evata diasombe. Despair, v.i., moyo (3, u-) zeza. Despise, v.t., veza, bembola. Destitute, a., -ansukami (pi. asu(solitary, of places only), ^.,

their e

language

is

different,

ndinga au ibindamene
different

the

palaver takes a different form,

assumes a

aspect,

diambu

se

dibindama.
<3;.,

kami).

Destroy, v.t.^ bunga, fwasa. (make an end of), 7/., funka. (spoil), v.t., bwangalakesa.
(scatter about),
v.t.,

Difficult (arduous), a., -afuki. -ampito comprehend or explain,

mpita. Difficulty, n., lenga, pi. 6; vangu, pi. 6 vonza, pi. 6. Diffused (of an odour), be, 7/./.,
;

Destroyed

utterly, be,
.,

Destruction, Detail (give a

pangalakesa. t/., kufwila. lufwasu, 10.

-z/./.,

detailed account),

bundumuka. Dig up (things close

v.i.,

to the surface),

tetomona.
(give the details, items),
t/.,

funta.

tangu-

muna. Detect in the very act (of), v.^ vumbula (muna). Determination, have a strong, z/., kanama.
to

root and all together, vJ., sebola. Digest, v., bululwisa. Digested, be, v.i., bululuka. Digestion, ., mbululuka, 2 lubu;

lulwisu,
chefia).

10.
n.^

Dignified bearing,
maintain,
v.,

tifu,

(P.

do something bad,
nkasi,
2.

v.^

sulama.

fierce, n.,

tifuka

[per/, -ini).

743

DiL-DlS

Diligence,
didi,

.,
6.

kiakasa,

sungi-

Discover, continued.
one's self (leave a hiding-place),
v.^

Dll IGENT about, be very,

kuzika, siamisa, sia...e etima (8) or sungididi (6) or swiswi (6) or

v.,

kus^nga.

Discovered

with, be, v.,

soloka ye.

luntati

(10).

Discreet, be very,7/.,kuk6nka {refl.). Discuss point by point, v., balula.

together very obstinately or strongly,
v.,

Dimpled, be, z/./,, kompoka, kolboka. Dip (as a morsel in the gravy), v.^
vungila. (with a quick movement),
v.t.,

zaba.

Discussion, yaya.
v.t.,

bambana, zekana. be much under,

2/./.,

Direct

(of

some

part of the body),

Disentangle (something
tandula.

hitched),

v.i., fila,

to place the legs, fila

(9 pi.)-

malu
abatu.

direct path, a, ;z.,nzila (2) -abatu-

Direction,

.,

nsongi, 2

he

is

gone

Disesteem, v., savula, bembola. n., nsavu, 4. Disfigure, v., bandula. Disgrace, n., luvungu, 10; lutu-

in the direction of

my town,klina

mbuku,

10.

nsongi a evata diame kele. in which one's head lay when lying down, ., mfilu (2) a ntu (4). of the feet, ndambilu (2) a malu (9). Dirty, become (tarnish, grimed), va., vesoka.
a.,

Disgusted, be, v., kenonoka. Disgusting (sickening), a., -aluenia.

Dishearten, v., vonda ntima (4). Disheartened, be, v.i., fuwa ntima (4).
\x\,v.t.,

fwilwa...o ntima.
;

-eveso.
dirty

Dishonour,
and
spoil, v.t.^

make

bandula,

bolola.

make foul, safula. Disagreeable person,

nia,
3,

n., nsavu, 4 lutumbuku, 10. Disinter, v., vundumuna. Dislike, for some fault or defect, v.t.^

see

munga-

twanga.
Disliked, be strongly (in consequence of wrong committed), v., sumu*^

App.

Disannul a covenant, v., kangula e ekangu (8). Disappear, v.i., pumuka, vempoka,
lala.
slowly,
v.i.,

kwa. Dismay (fright,

fear),.,kinkenda, 5;
v.t.^

komoka.
be, v., tionga,

keza, 9. Dismiss, as of no further use,

Disappointed,

kafa-

tengola.

lala, ntima (4 n-) kafalala. Disappointment, n., lukonananu (10) lua ntima (4). Disarrange, v., tiangalakesa.

Disobedience,
nganzi,

.,

bukdlo, 12 (Bako)

2.

(regardlessness), nlandu, 4.

Disobedient
ndu.

(regardless),

a.,

-anla-

nlongoki, i & 4. v., longakesa. Discipline (chastening), ., elongi, 8. Disclose, inadvertently, v.L, sundakesa, lutakesa. Discontinue a habit which was once frequent, v., kenga. Discover (find), v.t., dimbula, ziDisciple,
;/.,

Disorder

(derangement),
;

n.,

mpiti'
;

ku-mpitiku, 2 mpioto, 2 ntiaku-ntiaku, 4 evwanga, 8.

;

v.t.,

vwalangasa (Bako).
-evwanga.

in, a.,

mbula.
(invent),
v.t.,

semona, selomona,

n., ntumpa-ntumpa, 4. Disparagement, n., nsavu, 4. Dispensation (regime), ;/., esansu, 8. Disperse (of crowds, clouds, &c.), 7/./.,

(anarchy),

solomona.

vula.

Dis-Dow
Disperse,
cofitinued.

744

Divide, by cutting right through of

so7nething ibhich
is

in all directions, in disorder, v.t.^ sia

hollow^

v.t.,

ntiaku-ntiaku (4)Dispirited, be, v., luwa ntima see also kufianunga, A pp.

bwanguna.
(4);

up something which

is

very small to
v.,

be divided among so many,

of),

Displace (by taking

v.t.,

the

place

kankana.
Divided, be (in a state of division), v., bulana. Division (mathematical), n., lukayanisa, 10 lukayilu, 10.
;

lufa.

Displease, v.t., kaMika(o ntima,4)Displeased, be, v.^ [ntima (4) u-]

kafalala.

Dispute, love
to start a, v.,

of, n.^

nzekani,

2.

(a separation), n.,

mpambula,
?z.,

2.

(wrangle),

7a,
??.,

leka e mpaka (2). zekana, bambana.

see

Divisor
12,

in arithmetic,

vaudi,

6.
4.

Disregard,
App.

umpavuludia,
10, n.

Dizziness, zz., nzieta, 4 Do, v.t., sadika.

do... a
little,

nziezie,

(contempt) lutialu,
(put
utterly, v.t.,

up with) v.t.^ vukula. zengeneka. Disrespect, z/./., bembola, savula,

veza.

as

wait v. aux., vuna vuna dingama lift it up a trifle, vuna kio zangula. one likes with, z/., see zanuna &
;

little,

zanu, App.
at once,
z/./.,

nzengenga, 2. utterly, v.t., zengeneka. Dissembler, ?/., kuvunina, i. Dissoluteness, ., yingalu, pi. Dissuade, v., kulula.
utter, .,

clearly, v.t.,

vanga-vanga. tumbula.
;

5.

do much, exceedingly, repeatedly, z/., he treated him vangulula repeatedly in manner which would destroy all kindly feeling,

Distend (blow
Distended,
something,
be,
.,

out), v.t.,

tuva, tuvi-

umvangulwidioma
for

ma
z/),

dika, tividika.
z/.z.,

tuvalala.

nkatulu a unkanka. (have much to show

z/./".,

Distension, ., Distinctly, do,

speak,
v.t.^

tuvala, 6. tuvalala,
v.t.,

totola.
z/.A,

9.

slowly, gently,

lelemba.
^

tumbula.

that which

tumbula vova (9) or e ndinga (2). write, v.t., tumbula soneka (9). Distort (make crooked), v.t.^ viongolola,

bad only v.t., sula. thoroughly well, v., vangalala ye, vangalela do this work thoroughly, toma vangalala ye salu kiaki or toma vangalela
is
;

viotakesa, vioteka, zuthis

v.i.^

e salu kiaki.
is all

ngumuna.
Distorted,
viongoloka, viotakana, viotama, zungube,

that

can do

for you, i

ndenda kuvangila aka Doctrine, ;/., nlongi, 4.

didi.

muka.
Distract, v., vukula. Distress, to, z/./., zubana, kendalala, kandidika ntima (4). (worry), v.t., funtuna. Distressed, be very, z/.z., kendalala,

Dodge

about,

v.i.^

vezozioka.

Doer, n., see mumpanga, App. Dome, ji., ngumba, 2. Done, be, v.i., salama, saluka. Donkey, ., ebuluku, 8 (P. burro).

Double up

(as

with

pain

in

the

ntima

(4,

u-) kandalala.

Distressing, very,^., -alukendalalu. District, n.^ zunga,6 mvivu, 4.

;

fumbalala. Doubt, no, adv., e kieleka kiau. Dowry paid for a wife, ., nzimbu
stomach),
v.i.,

Disturbance

(riot),

?z.,

nsonsa

(4)

(pi.

2)

or
(4)

mbiya

(sing.

2)

or

yo niku-niku

(4).

nkanda

a longo.

745

Dra-Ear
the
(4)

Drag

about,

v.t.,

tuluza.

Drunkenness,
.,

after-efifects

of,

heavily,

i/./'.,

sindama.
;

mvunda
v.,

a nua.

ngobodi, 2 kakiingu, 9. zembeleka. Draught (drunk), //., ndua, 2. (of air), mwalu (3) a kiozi (5). DRA.W aside (a curtain, &c.), v.t.^
//.,

Dragon,
Drape,

Dry

v.t.,

kavisa. koya. very, adv., e koyo. be (as paint, mud, gum, &c., of films only), v., babalala.
(a corpse), v.t.,

be hard and,

vungumuna.
away,
(a

off (in

numbers),

t/./.,

kokela.

become (of things not wuminina.

liquids), v.i.^

bow), v.t.^ nanumuna, vuna. up into folds or puckers, v.t.^ kutidika.

Dumbfounded,
Dung,
n.,

be, vd., zenganana, yenganana, kuzengeneka.

uyi, 12
n.,

wiyi, 12; yi,

12.

kutalala draw (water), something with which to, ., tekwa, 6. Drawer, n. (a shelf under a native
v.i.,
.

of birds,

Dusty
Duty,

state,

nsasa, 2. in a very, adv.^ e buvaki,

6. 6.

ndukutu.
one's
first, n.,

bed),

Dread, ., 5. Drear, a., -angidinginza. Drift with the current, t/.z., bebwa
(Osolongo).

mvaka, 4kiongomena,

DwELLiNG-place, ., kalu, Dye, n., dima, pi. 6.

Dynasty, ., vumu, 6. Dysentery, ., makulu, pi. Dyspncea, n., ekomongo, 8.

8.

Drill, instruct in evolutions, vangisa e fuka (6). Drink, a, n., nua, 9.

v.t.,

making a great noise v.t., bokomona.

in swallowing,

E,
Each,
a., konso, konto (Bako) they came each man with his gun, bezidi konso muntu yo ta
;

Drip

(of sticky, viscous

fluids),

v.^

zelomoka.

Drive

in

(cause to pierce),

v.t.^

su-

mika.
into a corner,
v.t.^

wandi.
vakika. woman's word when

Eagerness
ngula,

(excitement),
5.

.,

kia-

drive

out (a

angry),

v.t.

longomona

will

eagerness and yet

fear,

;/.,

nzala

(2)

drive the whole crowd of you

out,

Driven
Drove,

about,

ikunulongomona. first here and then

nangia-nangia(2).
6.

there, adv., e
?/.,

bemba,

a fiwonga. Eagle, ., nkunku, 2 vungn, 6 kavungn, 9. Ear, .,kutu, 8 (pi. makutu), (Bako). ears ready to hear, wa (9) kwanzo;

Drum,

small, having two diaphragms,

ko-zoko.
things were esemo, 8. Earnest, n., ngyeleka, 2. about, be very, n., kuzika, siamisa. be (diligent), vd., sungama, sia e sungididi (6) or swiswi (6) ^r luntati (10).
created), n.,
(intent) grow, be, 7/., vela-vela. be (whole-hearted), sia e etima

played during the wailing for the dead, ., duku, 6.

Earliest ages (when

Drummer,

.,

Drunk

and

furious,

kingoma, 5. become

very,

v.i.,

wuyana.

Drunkard,
VU
(7)

n.,

kolwa

(6)

kia mala-

(pi. 8),

(Bako).

a wretched (a slave to drink),

bwe
12,

kia malavu Cph 8). Drunken madness, ., uwuya, man, ., nkwa nkolwa (2).

(8).

Earnestly (whole-heartedly), kuna nsi a ntima.

adv.^

Ear-End
Earnestness
didi, 6
;

746

(diligence), .,

sungi10.

Egg, continued.
eggs spoken
plant, ., lezo, 6.
of,

swiswi, 6

luntati,
(10)
(2)

and stop
;

laying),
8.

Earth, ., mavu, pi. 7Earthquake, .,ludedeino

ntoto
ntoto.
(4),

vidiza, 8 (Kib.)

evilanu,

lua

nzakama

the fruit of a variety of

the,;

ki-

nsukulu,

Earwig,

., mwelele, 3. East, n.^ lunene, 10. Eat, v.t., puta. without having washed the hands,

Elbow

one's

kindukulu, 5. way, 7/., kulakasa, ku5

;
i

laka {refl.). Elder, ., see nkuluntu

(2),

Elect
1

(the

selected), .,

App. ndimbuki,
\
1

dia e kidia-tina (5). up greedily, ?/., piantula. Eaves, n.^ veve, 6.

&

4.

Element, ., ezuku, 8. Elementary, a., -ezuku.

vola.
n.,

Ebb

(of the tide), v.,

kwenda,
preacher),

Ebony, ., sila, 6. ECCLESIASTES (the

Elephantiasis (of foot), ., mbadi,2. Elevation of a gun, the proper, n.

;

ki-

see

zengo,

6,

App.

mpovela, 5. Eclipse (outdo), v., vandalala, vatalala.

or, conj.^ ke mpela ko. Elsewhere, adv.., e kikaka. Emaciated, be, v.i., kamuka,

Else,

kava.j

Economy,

kinkani, App. Edge, v., bombola. ., lunseka, 10.

n.^ see

rt.,

-ankalati.
n.^

Emaciation,

nkalati,

2.

brink,

mfumfula,
;

4.

Embalm, t/.A, kavisa. Embrace, v., bimbakana.

the
feet, etc., v.,

(of a precipice), .,

lunenganaim,
4.
v.i.,

kwenda

or kwiza

10

mfumfula,

have a rough, untrimmed,

za,-

nanana.
rough, of broken
n.,

wood or
6.

torn cloth,

zavuti,

Edged, two, a., -a meno mole. Edging of a cloth, bayi, 2 (P. bainha).
to put on an, v., bombola. Edible, a., -andia. Edification, n., {act.) luvangameso,

ngangala, yilama. see also e ntayi, App. Emerald, ., emeraude, 2. Emigrant, n., ntangu, 2. Emigrate, v.i.., tanguka. Emotion, ., vengenene, 6. Emphasize strongly, v.., kuzika. Emptiness, ., mpenza, 2 vela, Empty, ., -ampenza, -avela.
e
;

6.

be

left, v.i.,

sadila.

10

{pass.)

Edify,

v.t.,

luvangamu, vangamesa.

10.

leave,

v.t.,

sadisa.
for

Enclosure

drying ground of nuts,

6.
v.,

Educate, v.t., sansa. Educated, be well, t/.z., lumbuluka. Education, ;z.,lusansu, 10; iisansa,2.
(teaching), ndonga, 2. Eel, ., nsomvi, 4 nsonzi, 4. Effect, ., kumu, 6. Effective, effectual, ., -akumu.
;

&c., ., saku,

Encumbered
mena.

by, to be,

bamba-

End,
of,

.,

nsilu, 4
an,

see also nsukisilu, 2,

App.

make

7/.,

funka.

(of a piece of cloth), .,

12.

nsambu,

2.

Effeminacy,
Efficacy,
??.,

.,

zeze, 12
6.

uzeze,

Endeavour
one's
{refl).

(to

do something beyond
v.t..,

kumu,
10.

power),

kuvaka

Effulgence
lutemo,

(the shining forth), .,

earnestly, to

v.i..,

siamanana.

EGG,.,diki(pl.meki),7(Kib.);etadi,8.

(word sometimes used for fowl's eggs, lest the hen should hear her

know or obtain, v.., longota. Endless, ., ke -suki; endless life,

moyo ke

usuki.

747

End-Eve
.,

ENDURANCE.brave,
zizi, 6.

.,

viyidila, 9;
5.

Epilepsy,

nkisi

(4)

a teke (Bake)
all

nsansi, 4

(fits

of

kinds).

lack

of, .,

kiangula,

(persistence), n., luzindalalu, 10.

Endure

(bear), v.t.,

patiently,

bravely,

siamina. t/., zozoka,

zi-

zila, viyidila.
(persist),
7/.z.,

Epileptic fit, to have, or be liable to, v., yela nkisi (4) a teke (6). Epiphytic plant growing on the nsafu, n., kinkundila, 5. Equally (of division), adv e bula,

zindalala.

kati.

(ast), zingila.

Erect,
z/.,

very long, zingllluka. Enema, administer by or an,

tuba.

& throwing the chest out, or bowed, be very, v.i., manganana, minganana.
slowly,
v.i.,

rmove
put out,

Energetic, be very, v.i.^ tumpatumpa. Energy, n., telamiana, 9 (ability to briskly) see also nkonzo, App. (go), ., sakala-sakala, pi. 6, ngungula-ngungula, 2. (potential), ., nkuma, 4 mfunka, 4.
;
;

(set up), v.t.,

Erode

kuma. komoka.
n.,
;

v.t., komona. Error, erratum,

vilwa, 12
2.

mpi-

lakeno, 2

mpilwa,

Eruption

(on the ear),

2.

.,

mpeke-

veke,

v.,

sia e

mfunka
2.

(2).

(active), .,

mfunka,

Escape, allow to, or to have escape from one, v., kutisa. allow to, v., vukisa.
secretly, v.i.,
(slip

Engagement (occupation),
-angelezo. Englishman, n., Ngelezo,
a.^

?z.,

vaki,6.

bubumuka.

English,

2.

., mkkina, 2 (P. machina). Engrave, v.t.^ vosa. Engrossed in, be, t/., sia. .0 moyo (3). Enjoin strictly, v.t.^ kanikina. Enlarge, v.t. (a thing which has been
.

Engine,

sunuka. Especially, adv., musungula. Essence, n., mwema, 3.

away),
v.t.,

Establish securely, v.t., sidika. Esteem, n., ntondo, 4. Estranged, be, v.i., kuvava.

already made, as a hole, house,

&c.),

vudisa

his house,

Enlarged, be, Enlighten, v.t., temona.

he has enlarged ovudisi e nzo audi. v.i. {as above), vula.

;

Enormous

(massive) thing, an,

5
;

.,

kietree,

an enormous kiengele kia nti.

ngele,

Estrangement, .,umpavuludia, 12. Eternal, a., -a koko yakuna, -a mvu ya mvu, ke -suki. Eternally, adv., yakwele mvu. Eunuch, n., nzimba, 2. Euphemism, n., senswa, 6. speak in, v., vova muna senswa. Evanescent, be, v.i., sunsumina.
E^^^^^^' Evasiveness,
^

Enough,

n.,

mavenga,

pi. 8.

be, v.i., lungila.

not enough, adv., see under yavana,

App.

Evasive answers, give, v., ziezianisa. Even, adv., utu (Bako), ele, tu even
;

Enraptured, be, sanguna. Ensnare, v.t, kokeka. Entanglement, n., mpioto,

we, oyeto tu.

even
2.

Enter

rudely or without leave,

{rejl.).

v.,

if or when, conj., kana nkutu or vo, kana una, wau nkutu or vo, kufwila owu...ko,

kuniiinga

vova

ele vo,

vova

ele
;

vo
i

see

Entertain
Entice,
v.,

a hope,

v.,

sia e

vuvu (6).
(2).

also

sia ele vo, App.

if

muna

leba.
sia...e

wau
mbebe
5
;

Entrust with, v.t., Environment, n.,

nguluka,
2.

even
even
if

nkutu... ndivo (emph.) you go, kufwila OWU

ko.

kinzieta,

nzi-

okwenda

(supposing),

kana una,

vo.

EvE-Exc
Even,
continued.
in

748

Example,
that case, e

continued.
;

even then or

kana
nza-

sisa, 6

he made an example

nkutu. even number,

nza,
even,
2.

of him, unsidi se elongi.

.,

etoka, 8

Exceed (have, do more), v.t., beta. Exceeding (great), a., -ansita ex;

.,

-etoka, -anzauza.
a.^

ceedingly sweet,
nsita.

zenza kwa-

even at the top,

-elalangoma.

Eventually,
{future).

adv.,

oku kukwiziwa

Excellency,
App.

your, see lekela

&

eta,

Ever,

for,

adv.,

and tandu. Everlasting,

for ever

ever,

yakwele mvu. yamu tandu ke

ke
-suki, -a

Except,

conj.,

nanga, nangi, nan^u;

be excepted, beloWy

see also

&

a.,

mvu
;

evengwa, App. Excepted, be, v.i., katuka

thing only excepted, e

this

ya mvu,

-a

koko ya kuna

lekwa
;

everlasting life, moyo ke usuki. Every, a., konto (Bako), konso. Everything, n., wadiwonso.
(abstract),

wonso,

12.

Evidence,

& overwhelmntunguluzi, 2. Evident, be, v.i., kia see also laya,

substantial
ing, n.,
;

kiaki kaka kikatuka any one except Lutu and Ntoni, konso muntu, Lutu yo Ntoii aka bakatuka. Excess, n., nsundidi, 2; nsavu, 4; see also tununu, App. a., see -ansuwa, App.
of one's due,
in, a.,

App.
make,
v.t.,

-evudidila.

kiesa.

Evil, ., bubi, 12 (Bako). determine against, v.t., kanama.

one, person, ;z., mbi, 4. Evil-doer, ., mumpanga-mayi, 3 munsula-mayi, 3. Evolution, ., esemo, 8 nsema, 2.
;

money taken in n., nzimbu

Excessive,
a.,

excess of one's due,

(2)

zevudidila.

-ansita, -ansuva.
pi. 2,

Excessiveness (exceeding greatness),

;

n., see

nsita,
4,

&

ebiki, 8

Exact

(correct to pattern),

a.,

-ano-

App. Exchange, in, adv., e nsobani (2). to give in, v., vanae nsobani.

&

mbiki,

nga-nonga.

Exactly
nga
Exalt, to, Exalted,

the same,

in

exactly the

same way,
(6).

adv., e

nonga-no-

mutual, v.t., toteka, vilangesa. Excited, be (with impatience, eagerness), v.,

make a

kala ye kiangula

(5).

2/./.,kundidika, tundidika.
be,
v.,

kundalala, tundatenderly, or care-

lala.

Examine,
iuily,

gently,

something very painful or

be (with pleasure), vd., pialuzioka. Excitement (of impatience), n., kiangula, 5. Excommunicate, v.t., dila e kandu see kandu, App. (6)
;

fragile, v.,

wunza.

Examine, v., sandulula, satulula. Examination, n., nsandulula, 2

lusandululu, 10 nsatulula, lusatululu, 10. 2
;

Excommunicated person, ;/,,mwana (i) a kandu (6).

Excommunication,
App.
n., see

kandu,
;

6,

Excrement,
wiyi,

n.,

uyi,

12

yi,

12

Example
give an,

(instance), n.,
v.,

nona, sia e nona.

6.

12.

Excuse,

n.,

ebungwa,
8
8.

mpiku,

pwa-meso, 6. (something to be copied), mbandu,2.

(clear, in full view), .,

{see

K.-Eng. App.)
{see

vewa,
eveko,
(artifice),

evunzaevunza, App.)
;
;

set an, v., songesela.

(warnmg,

pattern),

n.,

elongi,

8;

lumpeso,

10.

749

Exc-Fai
continued.

Excuse, continued. make an, v., vala e mpiku. irake up (concoct),

Exposure,

mabnngwa
lain"ba

or

(to view), n.,

mpenza,
?'./.,

2.

Expound
mabnExtend,

clearly,

senzeka.

v.t.,

nannmnna.
Inngidisa. Iniku,
10.

ngwa

or e

mpikn.

(apply) to

all, 7/./.,

viakn, 6. Execrate strongly, v.t., dnka.

(unsatisfactory), n.,

Extent
8.

(limit), .,

Execution, place

of,

;/.,

etetelo,

Extinguish, v.t., patika. Extol, v.t., sensemeka.

Executor
Exhort,

of a will,

v.,

masiln, wondelela.
.,

pi. 8.

Extort money
7/.,

under pretence that

(4).

the taboo law has been violated,

one another, 7A, wonzaziana. to no purpose, v.t., knza.

Extra,
lo.

a.,

teka nkanu -ansnwa.

Exhortation, n., Inwondelelo, Exodus, ., Invaiku, lo. Expand, v.i., sanzana. Expanse, n.., esanzamn, 8.

Extract (as a tooth), 7/./., kongona. Extraordinary, a., -avava. Extremity (farthest point), ., nsiln,
4
;

nsukisiln,

2.

Expatiate, v.t., bwasnmnna, tiaInmnna. Expect, ?/., tala.

great
things,
(2).
v.,

Exult, v.t., sangnna. Exultation, nsangunia,

cry
of, n.,

4.

yaya,

6.

sia e

mpnngu-

to utter such a cry,

vana

yaya.
).

vnvn

Eye of needle, 7/., ekozidia ntnmbu (2

Eye-service,
.,

Expectation, great, n., mpnngnvnvn, 2. Expedient, be, v., songa. Expense, 7t., mfwiln, 4. Explain, v.i., sasnna. thoroughly (make plain), 7/./., senzeka.
(state clearly), v.,
(6).

nsala

(2)

a siwa

meso (pi. 7). Eyelash, ., ndabu,

2 (Bako).

samnna

peka
Face,
.,

mbunzn,

2.

Explanation,
6.

.,

nsansnmnna,

of,

before the, prep.,

(10) lua,

oku

(&c.) luse
(2) a.

mpitn Ibaka,
iill,

oku

(&c.)

ndose

ye nsengo (4). as to how something comes be, nsengo, 4.

.,

(2)

(countenance),
to
fall

., zizi, 6.

upon one's face

7/.,

(intentionally),

sxplanation
is

is further required, it not sufficiently clear, e diambn diadi e mbula ye mbasa

bukalala. on one's, iZrt^T/.jOmambukama

(pi. 7),

mambnka-bnka
to one's,

(pi. 7)-

(proverb).

face to face, adv.,

vana mpolo (2). mantalani (pi. 7).

very presence), adv.,
(6).
7/.,

Explode
Explore
Expose

very slowly, and after

z/.,

much

(in

the

fizzing (of gunpowder),

yinda.

pwa-meso

(spy), v.t.,

senga.

Fade (lose colour),

tukuka.
v.t.,

seboka,pukuka,

(track out),

tongonona.
7/./.,

(lay bare),

vnnuna.
facts,
2/.,

sebola, pukula.
v.,

^K

by clearly showing the venzomona, App.

self to view,
T/.A,

see

Fail,
fail

lakwa

he failed to do

it,

^P^one's

kns^nga

{refill.

to view,

senzeka.

olakilu kio vanga. in rendering expected help in a crisis, v., sindakesa, filakesa,

Exposed, be, v.i., vnnuka. Exposure, ., mvenene, 4.

Inndumuna, lulumuna, twalakesa.

Fai-Fel

(7SO)
t/.z.,

Faint

(indistinct), be,
7/.Z.,

vilalala.

(weak),

lewoka, leoka, leuka,

;

Fashion, continued. (kind), n., mvila, 4.

adopt or follow the fashion,
?a,

leboka.

kala
aye-

Faith

kwikizi, 6 nkanka, App.

(creed), .,
see

see also

fwani-fwani
4,

(6)

ye.
?z.,

keeping

in the fashion,

see

Faithful,

(devoted),

nkwa luzolo, App. a., nkwa nkanka,

kwi-

nge-yenge,

App.
v.t.,

Fast, make thoroughly,

kina, siamitina.
(go without food),

siami-

-ankanka.
(reliable),

-akwikizi, -avuvu.
(reliability), n.,

Faithfulness
kizi, 12.

be made, siamanana. v., fionkononi.

(by tying),
(tie, nail,
v.t.,

Fasten
nkanka,
2.
let, v.i.^

pita.

(devotion),

n.^

exceedingly tightly, kwitika.

Fall by accident, be
let, v.t.,

sunuka.

loosely
(upon),
v.t.,

&c.),

zeyeleka.
zeyalala.

sununa.

Fastened

loosely, be,

v.i.,

(accidental) from atree,.,lusiinzi,io.

v.t.,

ziatidila.
\

against or

down upon, z/.z., wulama. wudika. short of (the mark or aim), vd.^ funga muna.
cause
to,
7/./.,

ziatidika.
v.i.,

(upon), be,

ziatalala.

Fat, a., -atonga. be very full of fat,

v.i.,

siololoka.

at

or into,

v.t,,

fungila (mnna)

Father
n.,

of the bride (at a wedding),

diafungila
upon,
v.t.,

muna

maza,

it

fell

nkomba,

2.

short into the water,

bwidila (Bako).
face (intentionally),
7/.,

upon

one's

Fault, find, t/., semba, sia e tumbu (6). (flaw, failing), ;z.,tumbu, 6 twangu. Fault-finding, ?t., manguna-wuna,
;

bukalala.

pi. 7.

Fallow,
10

lie, ?7.z.,

futa.
;/.,

Favour
;

of,

be
;

in

(of the wind), v.,

\

Falsehood (falsity),
;

luvunginiku, luvnkiku, 10 luvuki, 10

12.

filakesa
favour, e

the wind was in our

tembwa kitufilakese.

vuni,

Family

(matriarchal, a
.,

sub-division

of a clan),

vumu, 6
(2)

the head

of,

ngudi

ezimi, 8. or ntu (4) a

;

vumu.
(stock), .,

kuna,

12.

of a good family or stock, -a

kuna

Favourite, n., ntambuki, i & 4a., -antambuki. Fear, n., boma, 12 (Bako) kiongomena, 5. (cowardly), n., unkuta, 12. v., mona unkuta. great, n., swengenia, 6 (choking
;

wambote. Fancy, ?/., see also under zaya, App.

Fangs, poison
fangs,
?z,,

apprehension),
lose fear,
v.,

see

zanuna

8l

zanu,

nsoso,
see

4.

App.

Far

better, adv..,

wete-fiole
(12)
;

(12),

wete-wete

K.-Eng.

App., deke, vezi.

Feather (oars), v., tialumuna maza muna nkafi. Feathering of an arrow, n., etita,
8
;

go or come (there
implied
at

is

a grumble
v..,

vezo,

6.

the

distance),

Fee, doctor's,

n.,

kwezi,

6.

lakata.
far-off lands,
n..,

paid to a doctor when he undertakes

malongo,

pi. S.

a case or divination, ?z.,natu,

4.

faraway, to a far country,

adv..,

malk.
kia-

Farewell

(in

letter), interj.,

mbote
Fashion

ekio.
v.,

bid each other,

(habit, nature), .,

kanana. minu,

Feeding-ground, n., madilu, pi. 8. Feeling (emotion), n., vengenene, 6. Feign, v.i., kukita {rejl). Fellow, n., mpwa, 2 (Bako) see also
;

6.

under ya, App.

751

Fel-Fir

SLLOwsHip,
12
;

7/.,

kintwadi,

kinkwa, 5 unkwa, untwadi, 12. 5

; ;

Finish, continued. off well, give a good

fienza,

finish

to, v.t.^

Female

sex, the, .,

kento,

6.
2.

kwezika
of),

(Bako).
see

RN, lycopodium,

n.,

nzonzanga,

(thoroughly complete), kunkula.

CH away
kela.
FfeiE,
n.,

(in

numbers), vJ., ko-

(make an end App.

7/.,

funka,

epele,

8. 2.
in, n.,

Finished
to have,

(perfect), be, v.,

z/.z.,

kunkuka.

Fe'iish,

.,

mpandu,
powder

see
5
z/.,

koka, App.
(Zombo).

bundle, the

mfula,

2.

Fire,
the

n.,

kioto,
shot,

image, source of power, see nkinda,

first

tuba
fire

e lole (6).

App. Fetters, n., ku, 6

2,

point at which
;

nsuku, 4 (Bako). (any instrument for the fastening of

a prisoner),
n.,

was applied in setting anything on fire or any

small burning patch,
.,

eso-

kingoyongo,
6.

5.

nso,
set on,

8.

Fktus, n., ngyadi, 2. Fickleness, n., vilu-vilu, Fierce, a., -ayezi.

Fierceness,?/., kiezi,
5.

rake out (an ember) from the,2/.,lava.

7/.,

tumpa
4.

tiya kuna.
.,

Firewood
free,
v.,

that burns very badly,

mfwiba,

Fight,

to

fnkindu the
first

break out into a (2 i-) dituka.

a great piece of, n., nkidibita, 4. piece of (more or less rotten),

.,

shot in

a, n., lole, 6.

ewombolo,

8.

to

fire, v.,

tuba

e lole.
v.,

(twigs), ., vuliilu, 6.

(struggle together), together,

v.,

kankana.
;

Fireworks,
mba).
see

n..,

mbomba,

2 (P. bo-

bulana (Bako).
Firm,
App.
lungila.

Fill,

v.t.,

dandisa, fulusa (Bako)

v.i.,

.,

-aziku.
v.i.,

also zala,

(completely),

up up

(a hole), v.t.,

(something)
Iwisa.

langalakesa. which has been

siamanana, silama kekete (6). make thoroughly, t.-./., siamikina,

be (secure),

kala

siamitina, sidika.
stand,
v.i.,

partly filled already, v., zalu-

be (very

tight),

kindama. t/.z., kwitama.

ngi
(2),

Filled

up, be (as a hole), v.i.^ langalakana. Film, ., mbolo, 2 mbabala, 2. Filthiness, ., nsafu, 4 esafu, 8. Filthy, make, z/./., safula.
; ;

Firmly,

adv., e

ngwi

(2),

tele

(pi. 6),

e kekete.
6.

Firmness,
First,

n.,

kekete,
first

at, in

the

place, adv.,

oku

kutukilUjkuna or vana ntete,

e ntete-ntete.
do, &c.,
v.,

rALLY,

adv.,

oku nsuka
VO
i

(4)

see

also at last, p. 126.

(for the rest), conj.,

^^^tekelela, App.
first,

maka.

from the very

adv.,

tuka kuna
(2)

out
Fine

Find,

v.t.,

ziongola.
v.t.,

tuka
zimbula, selofruits,

(9).
;

(discover),

mona, solomona.
(beautiful), a.,

very (of

fibres, &c.), a.,

-ankeko. -anlaya.

n., ntomoni, 2 ntomo a mbongo (2 sing.), eat, v.t., tomona.

go or

be, v., vitidila.

handsome young man, ., mvoyongo (4) etoko (8). young woman, ., mvoyongo a ndu-

times (when things were created),

n., esemo, 8. from the very first times, tuka kuna esemo. to wish each other to go first, see siugana.

mba

(2).
;

Finish, v.L, fula

see also

under kala

mo, App.

Fis-Foo
Fish, small,
nlulu,
dead,
n.,

752

kinsiedi,

(Bako)
6
;

Flow,

continued.
v.,

4
5

(Bako)
;

vadi,

out slowly (as viscid fluids),

ze-

kimpadi,

&

floating
8.

wadi, 6. on the water,

?), .,

n.^

etidi,

nzomoka, yenzomoka, moka. Flower, ., fulu, 6 (Bako).

of one's age,

zelo-

a siluroid

(mud

fish

nzombo

see also cat-fish,

App.

be

in the, v.,
v.,

Fit

(of

be,

any kind), n., nsansi, 4be made, be found, fwaneswa.

a good,
v.t.^

Flutter,
Fly,
v. I.,

zikuka, zikuka. papa.

n.,

9.

make

vuwika.
7/./.,

dumuka, pamuka. rapidly, v.i., vekomoka.

(as the sea), v.,

together (accurately),
well, v.i.,

toteka.

Foam
Fog,

fululuka.

vuwama.
lufwanu,
10.
v.,

.,

mbunge,

4.

Fitness,

??.,

Fold
siki-

of the loin cloth above girdle

Fix

(appoint,

name
;

a day),

nisa (Bako)
as

konkota, kuma,

used as a pocket), mfokola, 2.

(often

.,

how

sikana. to arrange something, to be

in a,
?/.,

Follow after
the fashion,

eagerly,
v.,

v.t.,

tatidila.

kwenda e
n.,

elambi-la-

tukama.

mbi.
the habit of so doing,

(make
be

firm), v.t., sidika.

elambi-la-

be, silama.
in a, v.i.^

mbi,
next

8.

through,

v.i.,

tungama. bindamwa.

immediately after
to), v.t.,

(at

once or be
1

landakana.
a.,

very tightly, v.t., kwitika. Fixed very tightly, be, v.i., kwitama.
(by), a.,

Follower, n., landi, 6. Following each other,

ndani.

J "

-anda\

-esika-sika (yo).
n.,

Flange,

nkakilwa,

2.

Follows,
sekima.

as, adv.,

sia vo, e kisa-

Flash
Flat,

(as lightning),
a.,

-z/.z.,-

-elalangoma. piece, ., babu, 6.

place, efongo, 8. place or thing, elalangoma, 8. Flaw, ., twangu, 6 tumbu, 6.

;

zaya vo or sia vo or vova vo or vo. Fomented, be, v.z., futwa. Fond of, be very, but have no chance
of getting,
7/.,

muna

'

lalwa.

Food,

see also

mbela-mbela, mbele.,

Flax,

.,

lino, 2 (P. linho).

kela.
(generally), food-stuffs,

Flimsy

thing, that goes to pieces at a

n.,

edia,

8.

touch,

etampala,
;

8.

Flinch, v.t., sunsumuka. Flock, ., ekuti, 8 kuti-kuti, 6 ekutu, 8 ekutu-kutu, 8. Flourish, v., sakumuka. (of plants, &c.), v., tokomoka.
;

a tasty stuff to eat with one's bread or kwanga, n., dilwa, 6. stuff wrapped in a leaf for roasting,
.,

evumba,
;

8.
;

Fool,

n.,

ezengenene, 8
ezeze,
8.

nzengelen.,
;

vwa, 4

(to

be

in

excellent

condition), to-

(an empty-headed, useless lout),

mbana.

Flow

down,

-z/.z.,

voloma.

dudu, 6 tunga, 6
fellow,
(a great

6 dunga, 6

mama,

yidi, 6

a foolish

from, 7/.Z., bnka muna. with (have flowing), v.t.^ buka.

to

dudu kia muntu.

,

have the water flow

the
walls

in

through
7/.,

during a storm,

hulk of a fellow), n ebubulu, 8 ebobolo, 8. (who does not consider the result of
;

budikila. out copiously (from a hole or wound),

7/.Z.,

his

actions),
;

.,

mvutwa,
i

edunia, 8
(slovenly),

fwamfumuka.

mvilwa, mvoni, 4,

&

4.

753

Foo-Fri
v.,

^OOL, continued.
'useless fellow), n.,

Foster,

mfwanti,

2.

child,

;/.,

tongonona, kubulula. ntongonona, 10; kubulu-

(witless), evoso, S. "OOLISH (of things), a., -azowa. (of a person), -ezowa. (senseless), a -a llVOSO. become, be, zeboka.
,

Foul,
7/.,

Iwa, 6. a., -ansafu, -esafu.

;/.,

safula.

Foulness,

nsafu, 4
n.,

esafu,
sidika.

8.

Found

(set firmly), v.t.,

talk,

;;.,

mambu ma
(of persons),

mazengele

Foundation,
lay,
7/./.,

'"cot

ngonde, mfwanti, 2. from beside or at or from the

feet

(base), n., nsilu, 2

nkubilwa, 4. nsidikwa,
;

2.

kuba.

vana ekolo
,
.

lines, to

mark
(10).

out,

7/./.,

sema

lufu-

(8) dia.
''OR since,
1
.

lu

Founded,

be,

v.i.,

silama.
(?),

'bRASMUCHas,h^'?/-'^^^^^^a^O
or kinana vo, wau vo. "ORBEAR, 7/., veza or landula or vu-

Fowls, disease
10 (Bako.)

of
;

n., 4.

luwumi,

mata,
;/.,

Fracture
2,

(of bones),

see ntoloki,

kula

mambu
(the

(pi. 7).

fORBEARANCE
violence,

paying no heed to annoyance, &c.), .,

;

nlandu, 4 mvuku, Force, v., nwengena.

creatures only),
v.t.,

4.

out, in, &c,, with violence (of living

lulumuna,

lundumuna. (active), mfunka, 2. (potential), mfunka,

nervous,
;/.,

4-

nkonzo,

2.

App. Fragile, a thing which is very, n.y bekenge, 6. Fragment, n., ebembele, 8 tente, 6. Frail, a thing which is very, ?/., b3kenge, 6. Frailty, ;/., ubekenge, 12. Framework, ;/., vangala, 6. Franc, n., frank, 2. Frank, be perfectly (in conversation, &c., keeping nothing back), v.,
;

Forced, be (obliged), v., nwengwa. Forefather, ;z., nkulu, i. Forehead, middle of the, ., nkuta (2) aluse (10). Foreigner, ;z., ntangu, 2.

Foremost man
nsongi
(2)

in

caravan,
(2).

.,

a nzila

Forewarned,
lubuka.

be, v.,

luka, lukiswa,
10.

(4) a ntima. Free, be (not under restrictions), 7/., vevoka, vevokwa, vevokelwa. a., -amvevoki. Freedom, n., vevoka, 9. from all obstruction and difficulties, 71.^ nkolomona, 2.
w.,

tenda Frankness,

ntima

(4).

ntendo

present with one's freedom,

7/.,

vana

Forge, furnace hollow in, ;z., luvu, Forget, v., vilwa. completely, v., zietakanwa.
for the

nkanda

(4)

a basia

(2).

time being,
a.,

v.t.,

yididilwa.

Forgetful,

-ampilakeno.

Freely (generously), adv.^ kuna mvevo (4). French, a., -afwalansa. Frenchman, ;z., Mfwalansa, 4Frenzy, be seized moka.
with,
t/.z.,

Form

(shape, appearance), ;z., mpwa, 2.

zengoat),
7/.,

fwaniswa, 6. (reduce to some form), v.t., sema. Forte (in music), ., nzangu, 2. Fortitude, n. see findu, 6, App.
(likeness),
,

Frequent (be always found kumbama, kunda.

Frequent, a.^ -ankwamu. Fret and snivel (as a child), mona.
Friction,
n.,

kiangula, 5. Fortunate, be (blessed), v., sambuka. Fortune, good, ;/., zumbi, 6.

lack
of,

7/.,

ke-

Friend,

.,

efwenka, 8. kumatele, 9 sing.

3C

Fri-Gen
Friendliness (as opposed
n.,

754

to enmity),

Furtherance,
.

;/.,

lunungununu,
;

10

ungudi,

12.

{aet.).

Frighten, v.t., sisisa. Frightened, be, 7/./., sisa.

be exceedingly,
be,
v.,

Fury,
keza
(9)

mona
(5).
v.i.,

(of

ntema, 2 efuluta, 8 kiezi, nkenene, pi. 2. madness or drunkenness), p.,

.,
; ;

orQ kinkenda
and run awa)-, Fringe, n., zamba,
6.

dikumuka.

uwuya, 12. Future, in the, adv., oku

se ntu.

From, see also wa, App. commencing from, tuka vana. which is from, adj.^ -akwa kwa
this present
is

G.
Gain
Gall,
(that

from Uiamoneka, lukau lualu luakwa kwa

which
n.,

is

gained or
2.

ac\

Diamoneka. Front, in the, adv.^ Fruit, ;/., mbongo,

(generic),

quired),

mbaku,

ntu
2
2.

(4).

n.,

nsumba-ndudi,
round the house
kiala,
5.

2 (Bako.).

ismg. only).

Garden
;/.,

in

a town,

mpelo,

I^RUiTLirssLY, adv., e nkaya-kaya. Frustrate, v.t., budidisa. Frying-pan, ., kangilwa, 6.

Garrulosity,

n.,

mpova

(2)

anzo-

ko-zoko (4), vova nzoko-zoko.

(9)

kwa-

Fulfil,
e

v.t.,

Fulfilled,

be, v.,

lunganisa. lungana,
4.

Gash,

n.,

ndwadi,

2.

kwenda

bambala (6). Fulfilment, n., nlungu,

Full,
be, v.i.,

Gasp, breathe the last, mongo (3) a fwa.

-i>.,

v.,

kuma

danda.

Gate-keeper, n., nemavitu, i. Gather, little by little, wonzakela,

;

grown, be,

v.i.,

vangama.
see

to overflowing, be or full of fat

under yengela, App.

quite, densely
(2)
full,

wonzolola, totolola. large fruit, v.t., konga. together, v.t., kutisa, kunga.
ofpeople,7/./.,

adv., e
(2)
;

ndibwa
see also

U^^^_
)

yo
n.,

mbwi

of things,

v.t.,

nda, App.

Gathering,
kutu,8

n.,
;

ekutu, 8
;

ekutu6.

Fulness,

Fun, ., make fun, v., ta kieya. Function, great public, ;/., nkungi,

luzalu, 10. kieya, 5 (Bake),

ekuti,8
n.,
2.

kuti-kuti,

Gauge
6
4.

(standard),
;

nonga-nonga,

set

as

mbandu,
a, v.,

sia

e nonga-nonga.
(6)

Funeral (burial), n., zikwa, 6. Fungus mass, growing underground,

n.,

Gaze

at, v.,

tadikila.

fixedly,

v.t.,

tala e tenia
(6),

or

etondo,

8.

ot dry rot, also that

which destroys

tungununu tnku (6).

Genealogy, General, in
the
;/.,

sia

tuku-

the palm-tree,

.,

bwakuku,
sickness,

6.
;/.,

luwutuku,
style

10.

Fur

on the tongue
lenzi, 8 (Bako.);
a.,

in
^<?^

general use,

a.,

kibeni

elenzi, App.

general
a,

of

dress,

Furious,
be,
7/.,

-ayezi.
(8).

mpwata
Generation,
kia
(a making), 100, \

kibeni.
;/.,

fuluta yo makasi
;/.,

mbandu,
nguta,
2.
6. 2.

2.

Furlong,
Furnish,

mavwata

(a bringing forth),

kilometa.

mpanga,
tandu,
;/., ;/.,

vambula. to or with, v., vambwila. Further, go, v.i., nungunuka. (ina discourse), conJ.,YQ diaka diaka.
v.,

(epoch),

n.,

Generosity,
(prodigal),

mvevo, 4nlungu-lungu, 4
dia kaya.

esQ-nzu

(8)

755

Gi:n-G(>

Generous
(12)
;

person,

;/.,

nkwa

(i)

zayi
(4).

Gist

j^6'zayi,
adi'.,

App.

Generously,
Gfnesis,
71.,

kuna mvevo
8.
;

(of a matter), ;/., mflkn, 2. Give, vd., va {perf., vene), vanika. a chance, opportunity, scope, z'.,

etuku,

ndwenga, GiiNius, ;;., lue, 6 {generally pi.) .mamoni, pi.

;

2
8.

vana e nzila (2). a small quantity of what one has

in

abundance
to, v.,

to another,

vd.,

ntona, pi. 2. Gentile, n., Nzenza, 2. Gentle, be, 7'.i., lembalala. make, v.t., lembeleka. by gentle means, adv., kuna
natural,
//.,

zeolola.

one's self

kusia muna.
yekola.
more), given up

up (hand
(never

over), v.,
to... any

kenga

u-

they

have

killing

ngomba. Gentleness (of manner), mba, 12. unleka, n., lembama, 9

;

witches,
?;.,

bavwidi kenga kio

;

ungo-

2.

Gently,

do,

7>.t.,

Genuine

(pure),

lelemba. a., see under ^2^.^ App.

;

if I Get... more, v.t., batakesa get two more, ovo mbatakesa

fu kia vonda e ndoki he has given up telling lies, okengele ko vuna kwandi. as of no further use, vd., tengola. (waste on one), bunga (used only in complaint when a thing is not given); you did not give

zizole.

me

anything, ko.

kumbungidi

ma

from (a seat), v., telama vana. into a hammock, v.i., zembama

nkutu

muna wanda,
out
of,

3.

Gladly, very (with much apprecia tion), yo moko kwalu.

zeloka.
vd.,

Glare
vangama, kukolela
.

fiercely

on

well,

muna

or angrily, vd., vuluor tuvidika or tuvula

ireji:).
^

together,
up, vd.,

%>.,

wizana.
telamiana.
a.,
;

zangumuka.
v.,

up quickly,

every one getting what he can,

-ambakidi
himself,
kidi.

their portions

were
for

is very frail, ., belengenze, 6. Gleam, vd., sekima, yedima. Gleaming, a., -elezi-lezi, -ansemi. Glitter, v., niania.

meso (pi. 7)Glass ware, which

whatever each

could

get

kunku yau yamba;

Glutton, ., dia-yuma, 6. Gnaw, v., kesumuna, kesomona.

Go

(an angry word),

v.,

Giant, ;/.,ndiaiigula, 4 nkwa ntela (4) anda. Gift, ., ekabu, 8. given at betrothal or engagement of
a labourer, 7/.,nzitikila, 2. given in the full expectation of ample
returns,

not go into
cal),

my

viangila do house (you ras;

kuviangila

mu

nzo ame

ko.

evongo,
gift,

8.

give such a
see also

sia e evongo.

away, in a rage, vd., bubumuka. away, never to return, ?/., langala. away unobserved, v., vialuka. backwards and forwards, v., kidibila. crowding, v., longomoka (an angry
word).
,

Gird,

?/./.,

mpongo, App. see kamina, App.

(energy),

;/.,

sakala-sakala,
2.

pi.

Girder

(iron), n.,

mwangu,

3.

ngungula-ngungula,
about
in all directions (as
;

Girdle, //.,.y^6'mbama & mbuti, App. Girl, a little, n., dumbalala, 6 kindumbalala,5 {women^s words) kindumba - ndumba, 5 du;

one searchlost),
7'./.

ing

for

something

zungana.

away
far

{of majiy only), vd.,

v.,

wunguka.

mbelele,

6,

away,

vekomoka.

Go-Gre
Go,
conli?iued.

756)

Govern,
air,
z/.,

for a

change of
(6).
v.i.,

kiesa 6 zn-

v., ludika. with a firm hand, v.t, boselela.

nga
in

Government,
kokomoka.
tapu-

established, see

nku-

a mass,

into all the particulars (detail),

wu, 2, App. Governor, n., nyazi,

luntu,
(viceroy),
2. 2.

&

nin-

tuta, kumbulula. a little way from, v.l, vengomoka. off accidentally (of a gun), va.,

nkumbi,

Grace,

your, see lekela

into (a tree),

and

eta, App.

Tjubumuka.
out quickly, v., vayizieka. over to the other side or party,
z/.z.,

Graft

v.t.,

see dikila

and dika, App.

zungumuka, tekomoka.
go and return quickly, v.i., laka. round to the other side, v., zeloka.
(start), v.i.,

londola.

to meet, v.,

to stool,

up,

v.,

kamba. swama. tota, kuma.

v.,

Grain ('generally), ;/., ma (pi. 6) ya mbwaza. Grammar, ;/., nkiku (4) mia ndinga. Grammatical (correct), a., -akosi. Gramme, n., grame, 2. Grandchild born to one, have a,
7'.,

tekola.
sky),

away (into the moka, pumuka. Goad, n., mpalu, 2.

far

v.i.,

pe-

Grandparent, a ekunda
great-great,
?z.,

great, .,
(8).

nkaka

(2)

Grass
venda.
(the

God

forbid, mterj., siba

n., see

nkakuludia, 2. lunianga, 11 & 8. blades of which are covered

(generic),
?z.,

God-father,

ese dia
;

mungwa

with a long,

soft,
8.

downy

hair),

or nzila, a ezulu App.

and lemba,

efwatakala,
2 (Bako.).

climbing (razor-edged), ;/., nkengezi,

2.

Godly fear,., 5^^ umpumina-Nzambi.

Going, the reason for,;?.,ngyeildelo, Good, that which is good, n., mbote,
for
;

2.

young sprouting, ku-tuku, 2.

variety
of,

n.,

ndula, 2

ntu-

good, adv., kiamakulu {luith they have the applied form) gone for good, bendele kiama-

see

imder
;/.,

kimbulu,
see

App.

Grave

of great hunter,
4,

nkalaApp.

kulu.
(profit),
.,

menga,
luwete, 10
;

App.
see

ke dikuit

temporary,

;/.,

ngunga,

2,

mvanga luwete
do him any good.
(sound),
a.,

ko,

will not

Gravity ^r weight

of something tend-

-avimpi.
one's
(possessions),
pi.
n.,

ing to fall from the perpendicular, as the weight of a ladder

Goods,
pi.

all

being

placed in

position,

;?.,

salangani,
6
;

sa,la,Tigaiiu,
pi. 6.

fwalangani,
n.,

possessed,

lusalu,

10.

Goodwill, n., luyayidilu, 10. Gore, v., tulangesa. Gorge, n., mvonzi, 4. Gorgeous (bright), be, v., kengomoka. Gorilla, ., masika, pi. 13.
Gossip, ., lalabu, 6. a woman who spends her time gossiping,

vweto, 6. Great, a.,-apoto (Osolongo),-aiikofo, ankomfo, -ambafu, -atonga; see also huge, App.
(arduous),
a.,

-afuki.

(of birds only),

-ambudangi.

(of trees

&

things

-ambondo-ngolo,
ngolo.

made of wood). -ambombo-

nkento

(i)

ne

mumu

yam una.
Gourd,
wild, n., esalala, 8.

grow or be very or too, v.i.^ vanganana. how, see under wingi, App. make, vanginika, nenevesa (KilD.).

757)

(]re-Han
4
;

Great, continued.
one,

profound respect as chief of all), kinene, s kinene-a-nza, 5. one [of children, cubs, <S:c. (wana)],
the
(a
title

of

Grumbling, n., nyidimu, na-wuna, pi. 7-

mangu-

Grunt
Guard

(as a pig),

kwinga.
fululuka.
projection),
.,

with vexation,

v.,

(protecting
2.

efwenka-fwenka, 8. Gkeater, become (in wealth or dignity), 7/./., tunduka. Gkeed, ., kwilu, 9 (Bako.) evudilueba, 10 ukabu, 8. dila, 8
;

nkakilwa,

(watch), n., mayingila, pi. 8. Guilty, be (bear the guilt), v., nata

masumu
(2).

(8).

of a capital offence, nata e of a criminal offence,

mpanda
nkanu

G:^EEi)Y person,

Greek,

a.,

ekabu, -akingrekia.
;/.,

8.

nata

language
kia,

&
5.

customs,
yisu,
6.

;/.,

kingre-

(4).

Greenness,

n.,

Gunpowder, a 20-lb. barrel of, ., mbandu, 2 (Bako.) nkoyo, 2.

;

Greens (vegetables), ;/., mvudi, 4. Greet with news, see under ekaya,
App.

larger

size,

;/.,

ngoma,

2 (Bako.).

Gush

out, v.i.,

fwamfumuka.

Greeting,
(a

;/.,

ekaya, 8 emiangana,
;

8 (of women).

manner of), nkayiswa, 2 {iictive)\ nkayiswa, 2 {passive) mbia;

H.
Habit
(nature),
n.,

ngana, 2 {active, of women). Grief, ;/., see nkondo-nkondo, App. Grieve greatly, v.t., kendeleka, kandidika ntima, 4 zubanisa. Grieved, be, v.i., kendalala, ntima (4 U-) kandalala or yanduka
;

butukulu,
;

(Bako.)

wutukilwa, 6

wutu-

kilu,

6.

one who has the habit of, ., see ;/rt'^r mwisi, App. Hack (cut with a blunt instrument),
v.,

or timvuka; ndunzi (2, i-) tiukwa; zubana, tiukwa ntima (4). Grime, ;/., nkuku, 2. Grimed, a., e kuku {advl.).

fuba.
the
chest,
n..

Hair growing upon

nlenda,
4-

Half

released, be (as the spring of a

trap which has caught

thing), v., in half,

on some-

Grind down,
(rub)

v.t.,

kwankuna.
fwenka.
v.,

hard on,
(as

?/./.,

zonda. adv., e bula-kati.

Grip,

v.t.,

fiantikina.

Halt,
fu-

v.i.,

kindama.

Groan

one deeply moved),

nduluka.

Grope about, 7/./., bumbula. Ground, low down near the,

Hammer, n., nkonko, 2. Hammock, be swung or supported in or get into a, zembama muna
wanda(i3).
get out of
a,

adv.,

omu mbetela
Group,
.,
;

(2)

ekutu, 8 kuti-kuti, ekuti, 8

;

a nsi (2). ekutu-kutu,

6.
v.i.,

zeioka.

Hand,
over,
to

v., see

under koko, App.

Grow, in size muka.

or length,

vulu-

higher (or in value),

v.i.,

tuntuluka.
see

Grown

up, be,

v.i.,

vangama;

v.t., yekola. hold up the hand for silence or to cause to retire, babidila. remain long on hand, v., kunda. Handbook of, n., mpitu ye nsengo

tmder kala mo, App. Grumble, v.i., yidima, vunguta, lola, funduluka.
also

(pi. 2)

za
;/.,

Handle,
of knife,

of a cup,
n.,

ekonge,

8.

nyini, 4 (Bako.).

Han-Hea
Hands,
the imposition
(2)
of,

758

n.^

ngya;

Harvest,
Hassock,

continued.

a moko yambika, App.

mbika

(9)

see

time for arachis, nsungi a

n.,

mpava
2,

see
2.

nsikinwa,

Appi
\

lay on, impose,

yambika
4.

moko.

ndezi,

Handsome,
person,
?/.,

a.,

-ankeko.
%>.i.,

Haste,

in great, adv.,

nzalala.

nkenga,
flags,

Hang

tightly, to,

ziatalala.
v.t.^

be in too great haste about, and v., tukika.

fiil,
>

(curtains,

&c.),

zeinbe-

Hasty
a.,

thoughtlessness,

zz.,

nkwalui4.

leka.
v.i.^

-ankwalu.

zembalala.
(one's head),
t/./.,

adv.,

nkwalu.
vd.,

down

boleka
v.i.^

(o

Hatch,

lalamena.

ntu, 4). down low (of the breast),

kola.

Hate
bo-

fiercely,

&

determine

evil, z'.i^y

kanama.
and
plot against

one another,
8.

down to the ground (of drapery), t/.z., yulumuka. down (of branches), v.i., votalala. Happen (take place), ?'., vaika see
;

kanana.

Hatred, bitter, n., ef wenka, Haunt, n., nkunda, 2.

under ya, App. since, vinga what has happened since in the town ? nkia mambu mavingidi oko evata ? have happen to one, v.^ vaikilwa. Happiness, ;/., lufiauku, 10 fiauzi,
also
;
;

v., kunda, kumbama. Have, see under kala ye, App. in,
7/., -iniwa {passive ^/-ina). \ have to (be obliged to), v., nwe-

to

ngwa, fwanukwa;

see

also

12.

Happy, be (fortunate), ?/., sambuka. Harassed, be, v.i., finangeswa,

finangana.

under must, App. Havoc of, make, 77./., fwantakesa. Hazard, v., kaya. Head man (of a party, leading man),
in

ntu, 4a discourse,
n.,

zz.,

ekono,

8.

Hard,

a.,

-ankulungunzu

(2).

and warped, be, t/.z., balalala. make, v.t., badidika. and dry, be, ?/., koya.
very, adv.^ e koyo.

Headland, Headlong,
to

ekunkwa,

8.

headforemost,

adv.,

kimfitu (5). fall, v., ta or bwa e kimfitu.

of a gang, &c.,
;

Hp:adman
a.,

zz.,

munsi-

and giving a ringing sound,

lati.

-aka-

nda, 3

ekota, 8

kapita, 2

(P. capitao).
a.^

to explain or understand,

-ampi-

Headship,

zz.,

kuluntu,

12.
4.

mpita.
(of water),
.,
7/.,

-ansinzi.
see

Hardly..., App.

under lendakesa,
2.

Healing (act), zz., nwuku, Health, restored, n., lo, 6. Healthy, a., -avimpi.
person,
n.,

mvimpi,

&

4.

Hardness,
of water,

?z.,

nkulungunzu,
2.

Heap
7Z.,

of dust or rubbish,

ntumba

(4)

;z.,

nsinzl,

which gives a ringing sound,

kalati,
6.

a efuku (8). on, v., kundakesa. put all in a, vd., fwatika,

up, on,
v.,

fitika.

Harmonize,
v.t.,

vd.,

totama.
;/.,

vomona.
to,
z/.,

toteka.
(accord),

Hear,

willingness

matu
ngwilu,

(9)

Harmony
be
in, ^.,

ngwawani,

2.

manzoko-zoko.

wawana.

Hearing,

the sense

of,

z/.,

2.

Harvest, ., nsalu, 4. time, nsungi (2) a nsalu.

dull of hearing, be, v.,

be very,

v.,

vimpakana. bandama.

759

Hea-Hig

Heart, in the inmost or at the bottom of one's heart, kuna nsi or

Held

muna
iaint heart

nsi-nsi a ntima. (which soon abandons

any
vo.
lose,

pursuit),

ntima

(4)

-ampesec

by the extreme end, be, v.i.y zananana. back, be, 7'./., vakama, simbininwa, tatama. Hell, ;/.,mbilu, 2 (bottomless pit).

Hellish (which

will

bring a

man

to

ntima, kufianunga, App.

7'./.,

fuwa

aha

hell), a.,

-asungu.
v.t.>

into

(any work,

(Src),

put,

?'.,

sia

Help, see also tinder aid, App. any one to pick up his load,
twikila.
n.,

moyo
set

(3)

or

ntima
on,

(4).
7'.,

one's

heart

sia-.-G

luambu,
?'./.,

10.

etima (8). spasm of the heart,

render,
slight

vana
fail

(supposed to be the result of being mentioned by some one far away),

in a crisis,

to,

lundumuna,
lakesa.
in trouble, v.,

luambu. 7'./., lulumuna, filakesa, twa-

dikiimnka. (wholeheartedness), ;/., etima, 8 see K.-Eng. App. with the whole, kuna nsi a ntima (4).
(4,

ntima

n-)

kankana.

Helpless,

Hem

kintanta, App. into a corner, v.t., vakika.

see
i

Heat,

;/.,

yo,

pi. 6.

Henceforth, adv., oku se ntu. Herald, ., mboki & 4) a nkoki (4)

(

ngaluka, 2. Heathen, ;/., mulnzu,

white,
.,

nteleki,
3 (pi. min-).
7/.,

&

4.

teleka.
(i

kayenge, 9, & kayengele, 9 (Bako.) kays, 9 kapemo, 9 kapeko, 9. Heavily burden ^rload, 7/./., bimuna.

Heaven,

highest,

;/.,

Herballst, mbangi

&

4)

Herd,

;/.,bemba, 6

ekutu,

kutu,
kuti,
6.

ekuti,
i

a nti (4). ekutukuti8

8
;

burdened, be,

?'./.,

bimuka.
;

Here

and

there, adv.,

nko

nko.
adv.,

Heaviness,
2,

;/.,

nzu, 2

see also nsinsi,

here,

App.

and everywhere, wa-ya-wa.

there
(schism),
v.,
;/.,

Heavy

with sleep, be, v., kala e nzu yo tulu (10). heavy to drag or move, be, v.i.^ sindama.
render,
v.t.,
;/.,

Heresy

Hesitate,

ntima

mpambani, 2. (4, u-) simpama

(Bako.) or

to (shrink from),

kokoma or tintama. v., susa, mona e

;

sindika.
Ibri,
i.

nsusidi

(2).

Hebrf:w,

Hesitation,
5.

n., 9.

dingu-dingu, 6

ko-

language

&

customs, kiyibri,
;

koma,
Hiccup,
v.i.,

Hectare, ;/., ektare, 2 are, 100. Hecto- (metre, &c.)= x 100; ekto(meta,
<S:c.).

sikula.

Hidden,
ki.

a.,

-akinswekamena, -aswe-

Hedge

of thick bushes,

n.,

kanka,

6.

be, v.i.,

vilama.

Heedless, be, v., veza, landula. Height, ., kungu, 6.

(of persons),
;/.,

Hide,

v.i.,

swama
7/./.,

(Bako.).

(put away),

velekela.
//.,

mbandu,

2 (Bako.).

of one plane surface

above another or of a horizontal beam above a given point ijiot the measure of anything perpendicular), n., ngengo, 2. the proper, usual height, see zengo, 6, App.

Hiding-place meno, ^. High, be very

ngala.
priced,
a.,

(passive),

eswekan.,

(of

price),

ba-

-ambangadi.
,

of the forehead, a

-alundalala.

up, be or stand,

v.,

tundalala, ku-

ndalala.

HiG-Hou
Highest,
7/.,

760

yengele, 9 (Bako.)
;

&. kakaye, 9; kapemo, 9 kapeko, 9 the bird went far away up into the sky, e nuni yele muna kaye.

kayenge,

9,

Hole,

continued.
\

make a round,
very deep,
;/.,

v.t.,

ziongola.
j

mbilu,

2.
7/./.,

Hollow, be
ka.
rt.,

(of the eye),

vomjo-

Highway,
Hill,
flat

;/.,

nkwala,
of, u.,

2. 8.

-akoboka, -avompoka.
;z.,

top

esela,

Homage,

the formalities, kneelijig,

Hindered from (something) by, be, 1/., bambamena. Hindrance, u., eveko, 8 ezingu, 8.
;

(important business), vaki,

6.

to

which have to be observied in approaching a great chief, fuka, 6. perform such ceremonies, vanj^a
&c.,
e fuka.

Hire

(labourers,

&c.),

'^.,

sumba

(Bako.), soneka.
(things), sompa. Hired, ., -ansompa. History, n., lusansu,

to kneel three times in approachiiig

the king,
to
10.

bwa

nzula
e nsi

(pi. 4)-l

mark a
doing,

cross on the ground

7/.,

ii
\

tenda

(2).

Hit

with something-,

7/.,

bafa.

to roll in the dust in abject

homage
i i

Hitch
Hoe,

(upon or over), vJ., vokeka or

;z., elanga, 8. vaba. earth round a plant,
7/.,

voteka (muna).
large, broad,

Home,

lengomoka. n.^ nkunda,

at,
;?.,

2.

remain, stay

7/.,

kuuda.
;

strike with,

Honey,
v.f.,

niosi, 2 (Bako.)

bwiti,

up the

12 (Bako.).

Hoist

vundanena, vundena. (a sail or flag), vJ., vwika.

fast,
?/.,

Honour

(exalt),

v.t.,

kundidika,

tundidika.

Hold

simbinina, tatidila.

Honoured,
Hope,
zz.,

be,

t/.z.,

kundalala, tu-

firmly, tightly, fingitina.

ndalala, zita.
lufiatu, 10 (P. confiar).

on very
lala

firmly, va., zitalala, ziata;

see also persevere,

App.

baseless,

kiememe,
kiememe.

5.
7/.,

out from the body (as a fowl her wings on a very hot day), z'J.,
tiakidila. out resolutely,

foolishly,

without any basis,

sia e

Hope
v.t'.,

against hope,|
false,
J

^^^ ^^^:^

bamba.
(as a disease),

Hopes,

^^

take thorough,

z'.z.

nsi a vuvu.
live in

koleka (Bako.), kukolela, kuluka.

Horizon,
care, v.,

upon the hands with great

lelela.

Horn,

hopes of, v.t., lekelela. zz., zietwela, 6. small of antelope, mfiba, 4

(pain,
;

fiba, 6.
(2

with the claws, vuta e nzala Hole (burrow), n., nduzu, 4.

&

11).

Horrible
zz.,

trouble,

suffering),
;

caused by the sulDsidence of the earth, n., volo, 6 voloka, 6.

;

(hollow),
in the

;z.,

kimpolokoso,
river, n.,
6.
;

5.

tma, 6 horrible sufferin tema kia mpasi. Horrid, a., -ansisi, -angemi. Horror, zz., nkitimu (4) a ntima
(4)
;

bed of a
//.,

zanga, 8

nsisi,

2.

(Bako.)
in

zinga,

the earth,

kobodia, 6

ko-

Hostile, a., -atantu. Hot, be very (of the

ka.

sun),

tz.,

sanu-

bonga,
wood,
.,

6.

large, in trunk of a tree or piece of

;/.,

Hour,
House,

zz.,

ntangwa,
keep
6.

2.

esasa,

8.

built to
zz.,

fetish

or charm

of large area, not necessarily deep,

in,

vela,
zz.,

evongona,

8.

house

cloth,

evuya,

8.

76i

Hou-Ima
;/.,

^OUSE, continued.
(family), ., for shelter,

Hurry,
along
4 (Bako.).
4.

estlta, 8.
force,
7/./.,

vumu, 6. ;/., nsampa,

n.,

by

sindakesa,
lulu-

filakesa,

lundumuna,

without walls,
tie

nduka,

muna.
be
in
in,
7/.,

on the inner bamboo lining of walls, v., pela (Bako), the

a great hurry,

kala ku esuta. ad7'., nzalala

(4).

bimba.
Hlow

many ?
are

ififcf.

pron.,
(;/.)]
;

ekwa,
I'lo^v

8 [a

what number
left ?

many

Husband, n., see nkama, 4, App Hush-money, see evunza, App. Hut, ;z., sudi, 6.
Hypocrisy, Hypocrite,
n.,

ekwa

disidi

ekwa-ekwa. very, see biza & mbote, App. However, adv., see mpasi owu oku mpe, App. Hoyden, ;/., nkwa kindumba, 5.
each,

n.,

kuviinina, kuvfinina,

9.
i.

&
I.
.

JUGE,

a., see

also great.

animal, ;/.,evwendengele (8) dia for its age (of children, cubs, eSrc),
w.,

Ichneumon (herpestes),
2.

;/.,

mfwenge,
8.

efwenka-fwenka

(8)

dia

Idea

(intention),

71.,

ekani,
2.

huge child, efwenka-fwenka dia mwana. something (fear-inspiring), ., ngObodi,

thing,
a,
2.
;/.,

(thought),

ngindu,
ntiti, 4-

(whim),

n.,

have an idea that, eki, with the

possessive
pron.
in

class

kiolo,
;

word), kokosi, 6 look at those huge tusks of ivory,

se tadi e kokosi
a.,

woman's mbofongo, 4
(a
;

sing.

should yasolola kio.

ziki, 6.

had an idea that I it, find eki diame,

of, n.,

ya mpungi

Identification, means

ziki-

a huge snake, kiolo kia nioka.

-ambofongo.

Idle

mbombo-ngolo, 4. a., -ambombo-ngolo. luMAN, a., -awuntu. lUMANiTY (human nature), ;/., WU(of wood),

If (in the event that),

iuMiLiTY,

uwuntu, 12. lulembamu, 10. iUNCHBACK, ;?., kingunda, 5. iUNGER, which seems insatiable,
ntu, 12
;

nsumi, App. <:^;?y., vozevo see also under kana VO kala, & ova, App. as if, cojij., ne banza vo. even if, conj., vova ele vo ^r vova
talk, see lender

;/.,

ele vo.
if
;/.,

not, conj.,

ke mpela ko.
(8).

perfect, .,

ebumbu dia ebumbu

dio-dio,
in

6.

one suffering from, ndio-dio, 4. the morning, supposed to be caused by a new secretion of
saliva,
;/.,

Ignorance (darkness), ;/., bubidi, 6. in, adv., oku bubidi. Ignorant about a matter, be, v.i..
yididilwa.
person,
;/.,

ete

(8)

dia
(3,

ewawa.
u-)

mvilwa,

&

4. 3.

iUNGRY,

be,

7/.,

moya
;

ma
(2),

(Bako.)

see

fwavilwa e nzala

iUNT,

rat,

App. ;/., esaku,

8.

one who is (uneducated), muluzu, I LL, be very, 7/., ke kala biza ko. Illegal, a., -ansi (2) a nkuwu (2). thing, ., nlongo, 4.

JUNTING

skill (in stalking),

;

ekonde-

ekoneka, 8. iURL far away, v., swanga. JuRRicANE, ;/., nebidi, 2.

ka, 8

Illuminating, n. {act.), ntema, 2. Illumination, n., lutemo, 10. Image, reflected, ;/., see tunguminn, 6, & nkangazi, 4, App.

IiMA-lND

762

nsemi, (i & 4) a teke (6). Imagine, v., kala diau what did he imagine, adieyi kakedi diau. (think), see also under zaya, App. Imitate, vJ., tanginina, tangununa. Imitated, be, 7ki., tangunuka. Imitating, habit of, ;/., tanginini, 6. Imitation (copy), n., tanginina, 6. act of, ., ntanginina, 2.
of,

IMAGES, maker
or

n.,

mvadi

(i

&

4)

Importunity, ;/., ntala, pl. 2. Impose hands, v., see yambika (a moko (9), App. Imposition of hands, n., ngyambiia see yambika,. (2) a moko (9) App.
;

Impossible, be, vd.,

lembwa

1|b-

ndakana. Impregnate, vd., vidika.

Impression, give a
false, vd.,

vungl2.

Immature, be, v.t., ke yeboka ko. Immediately, adv., mu or vovo or vana fulu, vovo van see also
;

nika. left by a seal, 11., nkutu-bandu, vivid, 7/., kienze, 5.

U7tder

mu
to

(i

mu), App.
the

also

expressed by
verb,

reduplicated

take

immediately,

l)onga-l3onga.
{followi7ig a verb), adi
'.,

died immediately
kilu.

kikilu he ofwidi ki;

Imprint, 7/., kweza, kwezeka. n., kwezo, 6. Impropriety, ;/., eyanga, 8 see also tununu, 6, App. commit an, v., bula e eyanga. Impudence, n., mfiandu, 2 ntia; ;

Immense
Immerse,

thing, n., kokosi, 6.

v.t.,

mvuna, 2. Inadvertently,
wise act,
v.,

do,

say, disclose a

zaba.

matter, pass a place, or other-

Immoderate, a., -atununu. be, vd., tununuka. Immoderation, n., yingalu,

tununu, 6, App. Immortal, be, v., lembi fwa.
see also

lutakana, sunda-

kana.
pi.
5
;

cause to act thus, sundakesa, lulet

takesa, lutisa. a matter slip thus, lutakesa e

Immortality (immortal nature), owu ulembi fwanga.

(not to die),

n.,

diambu

(7).
2.

Incandescence,

lembi

(9)

fwa; because

of his immortality,

muna

dia-

;?., ngaluka, Incense, ?/., ndumbu, 2. Incessant, a., -ankwamu.

dia mfwa kelembi fwa. Immovable, be (very tight), vd., kwi-

mbu

Incite, vd.,

yangumuna.

tama
Impart

see also firm,

Incontinence, n., yingalu, pl. 5. Increase, vd., tuntuka, ^^r rt/j-c- vaza,
App.
(add to), vd., yikula. (grow greater), vd., saka.
(in height,

be, stand, vd.,

kindama.

was given to one, vd., kawulula. Impatience, //., mpiaviana (2) a ntima (4), mpiaviani, 2 esuta,
part of something which
;

value, &c.), vd.,

tuntu-

8; kiangula,

5.

(in

Impede,

?/./.,

Imply

that,

kindika. which would,

luka. wealth or dignity), vd., tunduka.

S:c.,

coiij.,

see

(swell out as rice,

in water), v.y

mpangu, App.
Importance, great, n., luvanginiku, 10 luvangananu, 10. Important, a., -abindama. grow, be, vd., vanganana.
;

futuluka.

Increasingly, go on,
vaza.

I'd.,

see ujider

Indeed

(by

all

means), adv., kiau

the

tu nki, at
clause.

head of the

make,

vd.,

vanginika.
be,
v.,

Importunate,
(pl. 2).

sia e ntala

Indent, v.t., kofola. Indented, a., -akofoka.

763

Ind-Ins
., ke -ina mu kuma (6) -alembwa e kuma inno;

Independence
NDiCATK,
7'.,

(holding
12.

aloof),

.,

Innocent,
ko,

umpavuludia,
pecially, v., ta.

zikinisa.
ziki-ziki, 6.

menga ke mena mu kuma ko or menga malecent blood,

be,
7'.,

iCATiON, Indicative,

;/.,

a.,

-aziki-ziki.

Indifference (holding aloof), ;/., umpavuludia, 12. Indifferent, be, ?'., kuvava {rej!.). (disregardful), be, ?'./., kumvalala.
Indiscreetly, do, 7/., swatakesa. Indiscretion, ;/., nswatakesa, 2.
be,
7',/.,

mbwa e kuma. ke kala mu kuma mbwa e kuma (6).

about, after,
7/./.,

ko, le-

Inquire

Inquisitive about, be,

lola.

v.t.,

yandala. tongo;

person,

;/.,

ntongolozi, 2
i.

nembu-

mba-kalutwa,
fu-

vilalala,

IjNDisTiNCT, fuka. [
INDIVIDUAL,
'

;/.,

mbana,
;/.,

,pL

amba-

na. Indivisibility,
iNDivisiHLY,

ad7'., e
7/.,

kide-kide, 5. kide-kide.

INQUISITIVENESS, ., UntOUgOlOzi, 12. habit of, luntongolozi, lo. Insatiability, ;/., kinzola-nzola, 5. Inseparability (of two or more separate things), n., kide-kide, 5.

Imduced, be, B vuku.

kala ye evuku-

Inseparably, adv., e kide-kide. Insignificant, see small, unimportant.

WDUCEiMENT,
lofifer as an,

n.,

7'.,

evuku-vuku, 8. sia e evuku-vuku.

;

Industrious, be, finizieka. Inequality, ;/., ntuka, 4 ntula, 4. Infamous (cursed), a., -asungu. Infancy, n., kiswa, 5. Infirmity, ;/., eyovoka, 8. Inflate, 7'. A, tuva, tuvula, tividika.

Insist very strongly upon, v., kuzika,. siamisa. Insolence, n., lutiangu, 10 ntiangu, 2 nduvu, 4 ntiamvuna, 2 etingu, 8 {ge7ie7'ally pi.)
; ; ; ;
\.

lutiu,

io.

Insolently,
Inspect,
v.t.,

treat, v.t.,

tiakidila.

Inform,

v.,

sunzula

(e

diambu,

7).

formation

as to the sickness or

death of a relative or some disaster which has befallen him,

7z.,

etamba,

8.

give the fullest, sia

oku kukiele. formed, be well, v., lumbuluka biluka, via, via e mpila (2). furiated, be, 7/.Z., zengomoka. HERiT, v., vwa e efwafwa, 8 see efwafwa, App.
;

lay a, senga. Inspector (spy), n., nsengi, 2. Inspire, v.t., fulumwina, vumwina. Instance, ;/., nona,6 pwa-meso, 6. give an, v., sia e nona. for, co7tj., kasika. Instantly, adv., sec immediately^ App. Instead of, conj., ke mu...ko; see also kaka, App. Instinct, ;/., ntona, pi. 2.
;

Instruct,
ing,
(5).

in art, mysteries of doctorv.,

tambika
be,
v.t.,
v.t.,

kinganga

(real property),

7/.,

vingila.
n.,

Instructed,
see

heritance
efwafwa,
luka.

(birthright),
8,

thoroughly,

longoka. lumbulula, via.

6.

App.
.,

itiated, be well,

via,

lumbu-

Instruction, thorough, ;/., visa, Instructions, give imperative,

kanikina.
(order), yika.

v.y

NITIATIVE

in,

take the,

;/.,

tomona.
12.

JUSTICE, ;/., vilwa, (wrongful violence),

K,
;/.,

12.
;/.,

balu,

Instrument, musical, ;/., sikwa, 6. Insubordinate, be, 7'., sec tununu-

dima,

pi. 6.

ka & zanu, App.

INT-JUD

764

NTEGRITY
n.,

(correctness of manner),
;

kosi, 6
;z.,

nsongi,
;

2.

Invisible, coitiinued. be almost, v.i.^ vilalala.

Intellect,

nyindu, 4
intelligence

diela,
of

7-

Irksome

(annoying),

.,

-anangi.

Intelligence (some
perfect
thing),

small, very im-

somein

kiundu,

(scent

Irritate, v.t., tutisa e ekudi (8), zekanisa. Irritation, n. {active)^ luseko, iq

hunting).

Intense

(eager),

to grow,

v.i.^

vela.,
;

Item

{passive), n., nkafi, 4 {geny. sing.). (point), n., ekono, 8 see dso
;

vela.

Intensity

(of love
;

or longing),
;

under nkumbi App.

ngi,
5-

S:

nkungulu,

ebiki, 8

mlDiki, 4

elusu, 8

Ivory horn, performer upon, kimp]l1

esunga,

8.

Intention,
one

n.^

who

ekani, 8. has evil intentions,

;/.,

nkani, 2. endeavour artfully to find out the

intentions

of

another,

7/./,,

Jacinth, ;/., yasinte, 2. Jacket, ;/., ekutuwa, 8.

Jar, ;?., bungwa, 6. Jasper, //., yaspe, 2. Jealous (as regards one's husband
or wife),
a.,

konda. Intercourse,
zani,
2,

friendly, n.^ see

ngwi-

App.
(strong),

with, have,

v.,

Interdiction

kala kumosi yo. 11., see kandu,

all

person,

nganga

-ansongo. (2) a nsongo.

2.

6, App. Interest, absorb nganana.

the,

7az.,

va-

Jealousy {as above), n., nsongo, pi. Jerk off, v.t, zaznna.
n., kieya, 5 (Bako.). ta kieya. Jet, v., sianzuka.

Jest,
7/.,

deprive
lose

of, v.,

its, 7/.,

vonda ntima tukumuka.

(4).

(4).

lose one's,

v.,

tukumukwa, fuwa
w.,

ntima
(on

loan),

mazuka,
t/.,

pi.

only.

Interested

in,
(3).

be much,

sia...o

Jewel, Jewelry, ;/., nkembo, 2. Jigger which has not penetrated, n., nkanza, 2. which has been in some time, ntnnga, 2 ntanda, 4.
;

moyo

Jilt,
.,

v.t.,

tiala.

Interior, the far, ., ediongi, 8. Interjection, ., tatu, 6. Interspace, ;/., mposoko, 2 Interval, mpwasila, 2. Intestine, ;/., ekati, 8, App. Intimate terms, be on the most, see yambana, App. INTREAT, 7/., dodokcla, wondelela. Invent, v.t., semona, solomona, selomona. Investigate, v., longota. (trace out), v.t.^ tongonona. Investigation, //., ndongota, 2.
\ \

-z/.,

ntiangu-ntiangu, 2. of, ;;. untiangu-ntiangu, 12. Joint (in the limbs), ., mboko, 2. Joke, ., kieya, 5 (Bako.). v., ta kieya.
Jilting, habit

Jostle together ndana.

in

running,

v.i.,

vi-

Journey
Joy,
;/.,

about,

v.,

kiba(Bako.) beba

(Bako.).

kienzi,

(Bako.);

ekembo,

8.

(Nkembo
heart.)

causes

ekembo

in the

habit of careful,
10.

;/.,

luntongolozi,
2.

Judge,
.,

?/./.,

fundisa.
i

mfundisi,

&

4.

Investigaior,
Invisible, be,

;z.,

7/./.,

ndongoti, vilama.

(determine a matter), 7/., kubika. (a matter in one's mind), lamba.

765

Jud-Lac
.,

Judge, continued. to be a judge (of),

Kick,
v.,

kinkala,

5 (Bako.).
;

zaya

mpalu-

v.,

mbula (2)

(a).

tua kinkala (Bako.) pala e kinsi (5).

bala or

JLDC.MENT [process of

(ac/i've)], n.,

(I
r

fundisu, 10. \active applied and passive), lufundisilu,

10.

anything along, pala. up or along, vubuna.

Kill in great numbers, v.t., fnmnna. Kilo- (metre, &c.) = x 1,000 kilo;

I give, v.t.,

solola, sia e
;/.,

nzengo
2.

(2).

(meta, &c.).

I (in

a law court),
w.,

nzengo,
2.

Kilometre,

n.,

kilometa,

ma-

j(of a judge),

mpiku,

vwata
|

546I.
2.

[prepare or take counsel as to

a, v.,

Kind

action, n.,

lamba e mpiku. UMP, v., yoma, doma, dumuka.

I

(sort), n.,

ewete, 8. mvila, 4 mpwa,

;

to each other, be, v.,

lembamiana.
;

(start),

z/.z".,

kitumuka.
of generally,

of

any kind, of the kind, una -ina

I

UNGLE (when spoken

not of
n.,

did not see anything of the

in

some
4.

part of the jungle),

kind
of

there,

kimwene mo
a.,

mfuta,
8.

ma una kina ko.

unburnt,
;/.,

great patch

left

ebeshel-

mbia,
left

many good ya miza.

n.,

kinds,

-a
10.
2.

miza

by the
ter to

fires

and affording
.,

Kindliness,

luyayidilu,

game,
2.

tumbu,

6.
7/.,

Kindly

feeling, n.,
;/.,

ngemba,
(2)

which was not burnt

last season,

Kindness,

see

ungndi,

12,

App.

nkunku,
Junior,
n., see

(motherly),
pi. 2,

ngemba
;

a ngudi
12.

nsakila,

App.

(Bako.)

walakazi,
v.t.,
;/,,

Just, adv., see under ozevo

& i...aka,

Kindness, show,

yayidila.

App.
(proper), a., -akosi, -ansongi.

King
or
like,

(in cards),

elei, 8 (P. rei).

Knave
under
vika,
in, v.,

(in

cards), n.,

ekonde, 8

(P.

just as if

adv.

see

conde).

vanga, and
to... just... only,

not,
v.

App.
\

aux.

see

Kneading trough, n., elonga, 8. Kneel down to, v.t., fukamena.

Kneeling, adv., mamfukama (pi. 7). Knife having a lateral curve for hollowing out
rattles, &c., n.,

App.

^K

^TUXTAPOSITION, put together sila e mbadi kumosi.

lu-

kombo, 10. Knock, n., dodo, 6.

I
(maintain)

(anything) along,

v.t.,

pala.

K.
a,
z/.,

over backwards,

v.t.,

manguna, ma<S:c.),

kuna.
vela-vela.

Keen edge, have Keep on ...ing,

up

(a small piece of skin, bark,

v.t.,

sama, kwama, kwaminina, lakama. clear (of), kuvava (muna). on at, keep on trying, v., vanamiana,
v.,

kewona.
ekolo,
8,

Knot,

n., see

App.

vampamiana.
(reserve, put aside),
2/.,

L.
velekela.
tintila.

proudly to one's

self, v.i.,

well, in

good condition

Laborious (arduous), a., -afnki. Labour, hard, n., mfuntu, 4-

Key,

and order, simbinina. mwivi, 3 (Bako.). note (in music), ;/,, ekanda,
v.,

Lack
8.

something of which a part

n.,

is

lacking,

and therefore useless ntuka, 4-

Lad- Leg
Lad,
of
., lezi,

766

6 kiusi, 5 (Bako.). about 15 or 16 years of age, luntoko71., luntoko-toko, 10

;
;

Lay, continued.

down (something
dika.

great), v.,

buli-

ntoko,

10.

hold

of, v.t.,

vwila.
v.,

Ladder,

;/.,

sikada, 2 (P. escada);

6.
2.

wash

&

lay out the dead,

sungEL.

tombokelo, 6. Lady-bird, ;/., kumbi-kumbi, Laity, one of the, ;/., nsonzolo, Lamb, ., meme-meme, 6.

(of the laity), a., -ansonzolo.

waste,

v.t.,
;/.,

fwantakesa.

Layer,
'

mbandu,
6.

tenso,

kunda,
zaj

Lame

person,

;/.,

fwa-mboko,

6.
?/./.,

in layers, adv., e

mbandu-mbandu.
2.
;/.,

Lament,
Lamp,
.,

with gesticulations,

of thatch,

n.,

ntembe,
12.

zana.

Layman

(uninitiated),

nsonzolo,

2.
,

nkengwa, 2. Landscape (fine view), n., tunda, 6. Language, abusive, bad, ;/., luduvuku,
10.

Laziness, ;/., uleza, Lazy, a., -eleza.

fellow, eleza,
8.

Lead,
off,

Lap

(as a dog), v.t., leta.

a.,

kiumbu, 5 (P. chumbo). away (bear away), v.t., twala;/.,

Large,

see great,

App.

lulaka, 10 (Bako.). Lasciviousness, 77., yingalu, pi.

;/.,

Larynx,

by
5.

fair

kesa, filakesa. promises ^/-excuses,

v.t.,

ko-

kela.

Lash,

vJ.,

zwabula, vizula.
w.,

Leader
;

of the refrain in antiphonai

;/.,

(stripe),

nzila,

mvibu, 4

singing,

ntozi,

2.

nsila,

4-

Leading man,
4.

;/.,

ntu,

4.

whip,

;/.,

nzila,

Leak

out

fast, vd.,

fwamfumnka.
v.,

Lashed,
Last,

be, or scarred with lashing,

7/.Z.,

vilnmuka.
adv.,

Leathery, be, v., sinita. Leave (avoiding observation),

vava.
leave
(depart, of

ku-

at,

oku nsuka,

oku

nsuka a ntu;
App.
(in the future),

j^t'v?/j-^mbangi,

many

only), vd.^

.1

wunguka.

kuna ntu kukwi'

(a thing)

not in the charge of any

v.,

ziwa.
(remain),
v.i.,

one,
zingila.
one's

yambika.
a time), sonsoka.

work

(for

(very long), zinguluka.

constantly, sonsozioka.

the (of persons), ;/., nsuka, 4. the last cup of wine in a calabash.
.,

Leaven,
n.,

vd., funisa.
12.

funa,

nsi,

2,

sing, (pi. 2, Bako.).

Latitude, also a mbiku, 2.

parallel

of,

;/.,

nka-

Leavened, be, vd., funa. Leavings (left on one's plate

meal),
n.,

after a
2.

Laugh

at, v.t.,

kiekielela.

nswa-koko, sing., Lee <back, shelter), n., nima, 2.

(pi. 8)

heartily,

7/,,yemba
(pi.

makaka
10),

Leeward,

to,

adv.,
(6).

ku ntala

(2)

^rtusevo

diekomoka.
scornful,
v.t..

tembwa
didila.

Laughter, roar with kumbulwila.

Left behind bv

mistake, be, vd., sa-

Law

of nature,

;z.,

details of (statutes),

minu, 6 nkiku, 4. ;/., mina, pi. 3.

;

out,

Lawlessness,
(utter

n.,

nmpumbulu,
n.,

12.

disorder),
4.

ntumpa-ntu-

empty, be, v., sadila. be (of something which one wished to keep secret or hidden of things only), vd., beleleka.
;

mpa,

Lay

before (something in motion to

stop
it), v.t.,

Left-handed person, ;/., monso, 3. Legal (properly constituted), a., -a

nsi

kakidila.

nkuwu

(2).

767

Len-Loa
to (compare),
(&c.).
T'./.,

^H ^^B)e ^f

Jj:nd at interest, v.t., dimisa. ^Mngth, at, adv., oku nsuka

oku
se ntu,
in

Liken
a ntn,

tezanisa yo
(a),

oku kwakwiziwa.
length,
t'./.,

Liking
Limit,

(for),

.,

nlaku
;

ele-

irregular

swa1

mena
in

(dia), 8.

ndana.
fruit,
//.,

Lextil bush and

wandu,

;/., nsilu, 4 luiku, 10. height or depth, //., zengo,

6.

&
Less

12.

Limp, be,
z'.,

?'./.,

lewoka, leoka, leuka,

(in size), a.,

grow, be,

make,
Let,
7'.,

?'./.,

-akeva. keva. kevesa.

;/.,

zewoka, tukuka.

Line
8.

(row),

;/.,

mbangu, 4
place
in

nlolo,
line,

4.

take

one's

v.y

Lesson (warning),
(imperative), see
off, free, v.,

elongi,

yika
leka.
arrange,

mbangu.
ndonge-

yeka (Zombo). mbudi, App.

vukisa.
?'.,

in a line, adv., e kia-kia, e

v.t.,

kialumuna.
in

out (rent),

sompeka.
6.

up (be arranged

line), v.i.,

kia-

Lethar(;v, ;;., nsindu, 4. Leviticus, book of, ;/., Fuka,

tumuka.
(cord) for clothes,
;/.,

ezalu,

8.

Liable

for,

be, v.,

lama.
giving

Linen,

n.,

lino, 2 (P. linho).

Liberality,

ruinous,

away

LlP,7^, koba, 6 (Bako.).

esanzu (8) dia kaya, nlungu-lungu, 4. Liberty, be at, ?/., vevoka, vevokwa, vevokelwa. Lie, v.t., vunginika.
everything
possessed,
habit
face

Listen

an animal), befo, 6. wete! ( = wa + ete, Bako.). carefully, ?/., teka or kelesa matu
(of
!
.

(9)v.t.,

to,

widikila

(Bako.), wila,

of

telling
;/.,

anything
(2)

but the
v.i.,

vivila.
to be troublesome to, v.,

truth,

mpova

a ndambu.

tekesa

upwards, on one's back,

matu

(9).

kayama.
face
(of

willingness to listen to each other,

n., ngwizani, 2. Litre, n. (176 pints), lita, 2. Little, take too, v., kusakidika {rejl.). do not take too little, take what you will, kwiyisa;

downwards, bukalala. something great), v.i., bubalala.

;/.,

Life,

moya,

3 (Bako.). living principle),

;

fulumunu,
6.

6 t(the (Bako.) umunu, 6 (Bako.); fulumwinu, 6 vumwinu,

;

kidika ko, bonga konso eyi

ozolele.

e length of,

;?.,

anner
L'

of,

//.,

ezinga, kadilu, 6
sela.

8.
;

(one's

opponent
7/./.,
11.,

off the

nkala, 2. ground in

Live by (make a
kila.
luxuriously,
v.t.,

living by),

v.,

vulu-

wrestling),

pututa, vwama.
;

LiGAMExN'T,

IJHT

(not
light,
.,

nsimbininu, 2. the thing which causes

4.
2.

Live

stock,

;/.,

twelezi, 6

twezi, 6

(Bako.).

but the hght resultant),

ntemo,
;/.,

candle),

nkengwa,

Living by, make a, v., vulukila. means of getting a, ;/., mpulukilu, 2. Lizard, ;/., ndiasala, 4 (Bako.) ndi,

give light

temona. (not heavy), a., -ampevo. shed, impart, v.i., tema.

to, v.,

Load

ala, 4 (Bako.). (burden), ;/., zitu, 6

enatu,
5.

6.

(mpasi) only],^?., -ezala. -ampevo. Likely, be very, ?'., nanga he was very likely right, onanga lunga.
(not heavy),
;

[of affliction

Loafer, ;/., nzengelevwa, 4. Loan, ., zuka, 6 kindundu, Loathing, ;/., nkenonoka, 2.

;

of foQd after over-feeding,

8
;

;/.,

elenzi

sec lenzi (App.).

Lob-Lou
Lobster,
n.,
(4).

768

nkosa, 4;

nkosa a

mbu

Look, continued. down, v., veteka

(slily), v.,

meso

(;)

Locate, v., kuma. Lodge, v.i., wunda. Lodging, ;/., leko, 6. Log, ;z., see mpombolo, App. Lone, ., see lonely. Loneliness, n., kinzunga, 5 sombe, 6 lunzungulu, 10. Lonely, ;/. (of places only), -asombe,
;

ketoka.

fiercely,

angrily, v.,

tuvula or vu(6).

lumuna
fixedly, v.i.,

meso (pi. 7)sia e tuku-tuku

lekelela.
v.,

for (seek), v., sata.

forward

to, v.i.,
at,

longingly

lengokelwa or
or
yengola.. .0

lengukilwa

Long

-akinzunga. ago (the remote

meso
past),
;/.

(pi. 7).

kaago.

out
up,

interj.,

makono

vengelele, 9. long long ago, ever so long

adv.,

sengola meso (pi. well after, v.t., kenga, keya.

v.t., v.t.,

7)-

vana kavengelele.
7/.,

well at,

tadidila.

be

(tarry),
7/.,

zinguluka.
;

Looked

at lovingly, lustfully by, be,

for,

tantama
v.,

see also desire,

&
Loose

v.,

App.
(intensely),

lengokelwa or lengukilwa meso kwa.

,

zinwa or laku(3)
;

(earth or sand), n., see efwese-

kwa
App.
(in
;

moyo
(8).

see

K.-Eng.
e

ketokela,

fwila

fwese dia App. Loosely, tie, v.t., zeyeleka.

be
tied, vd.,

ebaba
leva.

zeyalala.

length), be,

become, grow,

z/.z.,

Loquacity,

n.,

lumpintula, 10

lue-

tola, 10.

make,

v.t.,

levesa.
a.,

Lordship
-antulela.

over, to exercise, vd., bose-

long range (of weapons),

nta, -antwala.

Lose
(in

so long as (while), adv., see yavana,

App.
& thin, a.,

energy or power to say ^rdo. tionga. gambling, war, &c,), vd., yela.
all v.,

Longer,
I

-ansioni. no, adv., ke...diaka

vd.,

yelwa.

ko;

the taste (for a thing),

nlaku

(4,

U-)

will

stand no longer, kitela-

Longing,
to

diaka ko. ;/., nlekoko (4) a moyo evelema, 8 eluema, 8. (3) be able to do something which one cannot or must not do, n.,
;
;

ma

he has lost the taste for palm-wine, nlaku audi a malavu usakidi.
;

saka

Loss

(in trade),

;/.,

nkuluki,
2.

2.

(a losing),
suffer, v.,
of,

nkulukwa,

tiki-tiki, 6.
to

fwilwa. fwidilwa.

have such a longing,

tiki-tiki.

v.,

sala e

Longingly at, to look, v., lengokeIwa or yengola meso (pi. 7). Longitude, also a parallel of, .,
ntongeka,
2.

be at a loss to know how to do or make something, v., yitakiana. Lost, be or get, vd., vianda. be lost and wandering, v., vuvana.
(disappear), be,
v.,
v.,

lala.

Long-suffering

paying no heed to violence, annoyance, &c.). n., nlandu, 4 mvuku, 4. be, v., landula, lazula.
(the
;

hopelessly, be,

langala.
(P.

Lot, ofa,

mundu a
lot,

mundo,

the

world).

Look

at, for, after, v.,

v.i.,

tadikila.
monga,Tia,na.

what a App.

see

biza

&

mbote,

blank,

tungama,

Loud

(of the voice), a.,

-abakuka.

769

Lou-Man
continued.
cuts

'^UDLY, to speak,

v.,

bakula

e ndi-

Make,
little

nga

(2).

(build, style), .,
in,
7/.,

/E, v., see

tonda, App.
12.
2.
a.,

kanda, nwata.
,,

12.

I' Loved,

rotherly,

ungndi,

(manner of making),
one's self out
to

nutual), n., nzolani,

be,

v.i.^

ebangu, 8. kukita

best (the favourite),

-anta-

{refl),

kikitula

{refl.).

mbuki.

out the total of an amount to stand

at,

Low down,

near the ground, adv.^

(2)

balula

omu mbetela
Lower

a nsi

(2).

rods,

I make it 10,000 mbalwidi kiazi kia

;

and flat, a., -elalangoma. and spreading, be, 7/., batalala.

a price,
v.t.,

ntaku.
quickly,
v., vangizieka. up one's mind, 7/., yambukwa

bufa.
2/.,

Lowering, be

(of the weather),

[kuma

(9)

Lubricate, -v., Lubricated, be, v., lelomoka, lelema. Luck (good), ., zumbi, 6. Lump, ., ebungela, 8 ebwengele;

ku-] yitalala. lelemesa, lelomona.

ntima (4) or moyo (3). a way (through), v., teta e nzila

[(2)

way

(to allow

muna]. some one

(2).

to pass),

7/.,

sila e nzila

Male, a, -abakala (Bako.),-ambakala

(Bako.).
plant, .,
sex,
n.,

kete,
left in

8.

nlomba,

4,
;

something imperfectly ground or crushed, ;/., elusu, 8 vanzi; ;

kiakala, 5 lungisa e kento ye kiakala, assemble

all

kwa, 6 dindusu, 7 (Bako.). (which protrudes), n.^ fungnidia, 6.

(mass),
n.,

the

population

(///.,

all

mbumba,

4.

womankind and mankind). Malice, n., efwenka, 8 lutonge;

Lunch, n., mbela-mbela, 2. Lupus exedens, 7i., matamba, Lure, v., volela.
.,

neko,
pi. 8.

10.
7/./.,

bear against,

tongeneka.
8
;

volela,
7t.,

6. 8.

eketo,

Malignity, n.^ efwenka, ngeneko, 10. Mallet, n., nkonko, 2.

Into-

^after, v.t.,

ketokela.
v.,

Man,

see also

mbana, App.
n.^

IusT,

(any one),
(10).

mwena...o longo
v.,

of importance or position,

mwl-

uxuRY,

live

in,

vwama, pu-

tuta.

Manage, t/., ludika. Mane, n., nsamba-samba,

2.

Mangrove
ngo).

tree, .,

mwema,

3 (Solo-

M.
Machine,
.,

Manhood
ma-

(that which constitutes a man, a human being), ., nni;

mkkina,

(P.

ntu, 12 nwnntn, 12. Manioc, a very soft, immature

of, .,

root

china).

Made,

be, v.i.^

up (not

real), a.,

salama. -ansoka.

Manner,
(style)

nsian, 4. in the same, adv.^ kumosi. of carrying or speaking,

2.

Magistrate, ., mungwizi, 3. Maiden, young, ., dumbelele, 6 see also mwenze, App. Maintain in good condition, v.t.^ simbinina.
;

ndata,

Mantis,

.,
;

lunkunza-mbuku,
;

10

(Kib.)

lunkunza-nkonzo, 10 (Bako.) lunsunga-nkombo, 10

(Makuta).
(vegetable), .,

Make,

v.t.,

sadika.

Manure

mvuku,

2.

3D

Man- Men

770

Many

or too many, take,

ndelesa.

7/.,

kwe-

Mean,

continued,

that, conj., see

mpangu, App.
2.

have, kwendelelwa.

Meaning,

n.,

nsosa,

because (there were) so many, see wingi, App. very many, see e ke ye kingi, App.

Means

(ability),

ndenda,
to

2 his

every

one according
andi.
(of obtaining), n.,

means.

konso muntu mnna, ndenda

Mar, v., bandula. Mark, vianga. made on the road

-z/.,

mpwilu,

l)a-

to

show the route

n.^

kilu,

6.

taken by a caravan,

nkolo-

by

all

means, adv.. Mail tu nki.

adv.,

mona, make a,
nzila

2.

Meanwhile,
kolomona, tenda e

wau

(during); the

v.,

sentence being reconstructed to

(2).

Marriage, n., nsompani, 2. Married, be, 2/./., sompoka

Measles
(of

admit of the use of during. in pork, a cyst of, n., yinga,

8 (Bako.)
;

wo-

disa,

7.

men only). Marsh, n., ntabala, 4. Marvel at, v., kuimina.

(to utter

Measure
8.

(a stick, &c., cut

or marked

to the exact length), n., ezengo,

a cry of surprise),

v.i.^

ku4
;

with overflowing measure, adv.,

luluka. (wonderful thing),

mabetomona
.,

(pi. 8).

nkumbi,

thus, to, v., sia

nkungulu,

4.

Mash, Mask,

v.t.^

vota.
;

ngobodi, 2 from ngobodi, something which inspires awe, on account of its size.
.,
.,

Mediate, v., Mediator, n., nzonzi, 2 (Bako.) nkambakani, i & 4. Medicinal bark and roots, to search
for, collect, v.,

mabetomona. kamhakana.

banga.

Mass

(lump),

mbumba,
.,
;

4.
;

one who
ebidi,
8.
;

collects, n.,

mbangi,
kaya. nkayi,
i

&
4.

4.

(great number),

bidi, 6

leaves, to collect, v.,

ngengele, 2 5 huge mass of rock, a boulder. kiengele kia etadi (8) see also under nkingu, App. Massiveness, 71., silu, pi. 6.
;

huge, kiengele,

one who

collects, n.,

&

Medicine, bundle of
;

ebunda, 8 see also mfula, App. Meditate, n., vimpita, lamba, di(fetish), n.,

knla.

Master

(of his profession), n.,

nku-

Meek,

be, v.,
n.,
4.

lembalala.

nku,

salu kia
is

nkimku

person,

nlembami,
v.,

&

nlealso

kiki, this

the

work of a
as

ka,

master-hand.

Meet, go
same make

to,

kamba;

see

Mat,

circular, of the

batidila, App.

the native baskets, 7z., etailda,8.

Meeting,

n.,

or be matted together, v.i., ttingalakana, tungalakiana.

Melt

down,

v.t.,

lukutakanu, 10. zelomona.

zelola, zunza.

(metals),
v.i.,

v.t.,

Matter
10.

(to talk

about),

.,

lusangu,

zeloka, zunzuka.
of the body,
n.,

Member
n., see

n.,

kikwa,
10.

6.

under nkumbi & nkungula, App. Mature, be, v.i., yeboka, kola. Maturity (puberty), ., etuluka, 8.

most important,

Memorial,

lubanzilu,

Memory,

n., lubanzu, 10. something indelible from the

mem-

ory, n., kienze,

5.

Mbadi

cloth,

twelve sheets
2.

of,

n.,

mbondo,

Mend, v., see lusoka, App. Menstruate, vd., nokwa (a euphemism).

Mean

person,

.,

mbaba,

4.

; ;

771

Men-Mor
object,
z/./.,

MENTION,

v.t.^

suma

tola (Bako.) zangata, {with respect) ziotola

;
;

Miss the
or

tikumuka.

very much,

7/.,

mona

nzuwa
2.

(4)

{not used of ox to one's betters).

unintentionally,
v,t.,

ntuka
.,

(4),

sundakesa,

Missionary,
Mist,
.,

ntumwa,
4.
;

lutakesa. item by item, v.t., tangumuna. Mess (play with one's food), v., zeba.

mbunge,

Message, ., lutumu, lo. Mf.ssenger, n., ntumwa, 2 nda, I {sini^.).

respected),

Mistake, ;/., vilwa, 12 mpilwa, 2 mpilakeno, 2. make a, v.t., tundangana, vilwa.

be put
put,
in by, v.t.,
v.t.,

nekwe-

kwendelela. kwendelesa.
v.t.,

send

a, v.,

sia e

mbaku, 4. ntumwa.
bright, such as tin,
5.

Misuse, v.t., pitakesa. Mix up together (combirve),

lu-

Metal, a hard,

mba.

alloys of tin, n., kinzazi,

Mixed

in

with,,

be,

v.i.,

lumbana
;

Metamorphosis, n., ekitu, 8. Metre, ;?.,ineta, 2. Metric system, n., kimeta,

metre)
are,
;

(Fr.

see

meta,

lita, stere,

&

mill-,

senti-,

desi-,

muna. Mixture^ n., nsangu, 4 nswangu, 4,. App. Moderate, be, v.i., tuna. Moderation, n., tunu, 6
10.

see

also

lutunu,

deka-, ekto-, kilo-, miria, &c. Mica, tiny scales of, n., ekwa (8) dia

exercise,
lose

v.i.,

tuna.

nzazi

(2).

all, v.i.,

Midday, nlungu (4) a ntangwa elunga (8) dia ntangwa. Middle (centre), ?i., ndunda, 2.
MiLLI- (metre, &c.) = yJ^o) (meta, &c.). Mind (intellect), ., nyindu, 4.
(intelligence), n., diela, 7.

(2),

in,

adv., e

tununuka. ngingu kole.

(self-control), n., volo, 6.

exercise, v., vololoka.

l^lili-

Mole

(the animal),

//.,

Moment,

at the very, adv.,

mbumbulu, 2. vana or
7t.,

vovo fulu, vovo vau.

Money
sia

lent

on

interest,
n.,

zuka,

6.

bear

in,

v.t.,

sungamena,

oku

a piece of money,
II.

mpanza,

&
.,

ntima

(4).

have one's mind at rest, v., (4, U-) bwa or kuluka. set, v.t., bwisa or kulula (3) or mbundu (2).

moyo moyo

Monster

of a (of animals only),

(8)
;

evwendengele dia
also huge,
pig,

see

App.

a monster of a

make up
(4).

one's

mind

(decide), v.,

evwendengele dia ngulu. Month, The following are the names

of the 13
in

kubika,

yambukwa

ntima
n.,

"moons " in the year, Luangu: r, Mbula-mazi

(plenty ot
this
;

make up

one's

sia e

mind to (earnestly), etima (8) dia.

strong,
for
7a,

2,

Mbula-mazi-mbii
month)
;

fish

Minded, be

kuzolela.
,,

difole

4,

Nkombe Mambunyi-mambu3,

Minute

(point
8.

discussion),

nyi;
;

5,

Kufulu (budding);
(small rains)
;

6,

ekono,

Minoka
v.,

7,

Nto;

Miserable,
(4

be,

kafalala,

ntima

u-)

kafalala,

bobalala

(Bako.).

Nuni-ntombo mbo 8, 9, Mwanga-masangu 10, Mwanda II, Ndolo 12, Mawala

;

lukendeleko, 10, Misery, ., nkangu (4) a ntima (4). Misfortune, ,, ndaza, 2 nlaza, 4
.,
;

condition,

Mbangala. Moon, n., ngonda, 2 (Bako.). More and more, to..., z/., tuntulula
13,

(Bako.).

{the

object

being the

action),

MoR-Mus
More, continued. nungunuka;
;

772

Much
see

more,

much

less,

see

ozevo
?/.,

also

vaza,

App. they loved him more and more, batuntulwidi kunzola; it became more and

weyi, App. give, do, take, do too much,

kisa.

sa-

the habit of

more heavy, kinungunukini

ezitu.

making much ado about a slight ailment or accident, n.,

mfwidi-mfwidi
v.t.,

(I

am
4.

dead).

sunda, suva, luta he was stronger than his companion, oyandi obetele o nkwa andi e ngolo. put, v.t., kundikila, kudikila. than, adv., ke mu...ko. Morning star, n., ntetembwa (2) a
beta,
;

have, do,

Muddy

place, n., ntabala,

Multiplier, n., fokwelwa, 6. Multiply, v., fokola. the number of times multiplied, '??., mfoko, 2 6 times 20, mfoko 6 za20.
;

Multitude
12
;

(great number),.,wingi,
;

nkielelo (2). dn the morning, when

ing, ad'y.,

ebidi, 8

bidi, 6.
7t.,

it

was morn-

Murderous
Mud-fish,

nature,

oku leka mene-mene.

tente,
2.
rt:.,

n.,

umpondi, ngola-maza, 2.

12.

Morsel

(bit), n.,

6.

Murmur,
-amfwila.
7t.,

v.t.,

vunguta;
ft.,

see

also

(fragrant),

nkesona,

mutter, App.

Mortal (causing death), Mortar hollowed out in

MUSACEA

strelitzia (bot.),
;

zeke, 6

the side of

zieke, 6

see

K.-Eng. App.

a log instead of at the end, su (6) kiandamba (Bako.).

Muscular
pad

fellow, n.,
7.

kingundu,

;1

dingundu,
(P.

Mortuary,

n.,

ngamela,

(as at the

base of the thumb, on

see
n., mfunda, pi. 2. evamba, 8, App.

camera).

the heel, &c.),

Mother-in-law, n. of wife, ngudi (2) a longo

of husband, ko, 13.

Mushroom,
(10).

?t.,

a cluster of a small white variety, nzau, 2 sazi, 6 (Bako.).

;

Motherly love, n., ngemba a

2 (Bako.)
;

ngudi,

Must,
I

v. anx.,

walakazi,
v.t.,

12.

kamika

Mould

into

some form,
3.

sema.

kala ye ekami (8) see kamika, App. must go, ekami ngina diau
;
;

Moulding, a
mbuti,

(projection), n.,

mungungu10.

dia kwenda.
see also

under kaka, mbula, fwa-

of pottery, the

manner
of,

of, n.,

nukwa, mpandi, & lembwa,

App.
the narrative tense {or a form identical with it) may also be used of future events; in such case it is very emphatic must, have to when it is tised there can be no question or hesitatio?ij I must go, yakwenda 1 must

mba,

2.

the operation

luwumbilu,

Mound,

slight,

raised

by a certain

species of white ant, n.,

kimpa-

nda-ngongo,

5.

Moustache,

esunia, 8. Mouth of a bell, trumpet, funnel or any enlargement at the end of

n.,

a cylinder,

Mouthful,

n.,

nsanza, nkanzika, 4.
n.,
v.i.,

2.

give

it

to

him,

yakumvana

kio

you

will

Move (of fetus

(stir), v.i.,

in utero), v.i.,

dukula.

wanua tu

have to drink it, I must run, kio

;

slowly and heavily,

kokomoka.

sonsola.

yalundumuka. The negative must be formed by means of

the

up and down (as grass, &c., when a rat is making its way under it, v., tunduka.

auxiliary verb, lembi,

;

to
it,

not...

you

must not

sell

walembi kio teka.

m
;

MUT-NiC
(aside), adv.^

Mute

(grammatical),
{adv.).

a,

ku mfondti

Near

knna mpenza
(5).

(2).

very near, adv., e kimfini

.,

Mutilation,

luseoko, lo {pass.)
{act.).
self, v.i.,

Nearly,

very, fianzi^

nga

the plate

luseolo, lo

Mutter
la.

to one's

(Bako.), yidima,lola,

vnngnita fundulu-

was nearly broken, fianzi^ nga elonga diwndikidi. Nearness, ., kimfinangani, 5 ki;

mfini,
10,000,

5.

Muttering, ., nyidimu, 4. Myria- (metre, &c.) = multiply

Neatness, done without any attempt

at, a.,

-afwatiku-fwatiku.
h.,

miria- (meta, &c.). MvRRH, ., mor, 2 (Heb. mor). Mvstery, ., mfundu, 2 kimpindi, kimbinda, 5 (something 5
;
;

Necessity,

nkondwa,
2
;

2.

Neck,

.,

nsingu,
ft.,

nkingn,
4;

(Bako,).

Necklace,

nsanga,

" locked up
the explanation

").

of a

mystery,

n.,

Need

diambu
long, a,
a.,

(7) dia kinsamuna. -akinsamuna.

diongo, 6t nznbe in great, v., mona wa (4) or ntuka (4). Needy, ., -ansukami (pi. asukami). Neighbourhood, 71., mvivu, 4 zu(of beads), n., dita, 6
of,
'r

nga,

6.

N.
Naked,
in
a.,

Nerve, nervous
nzo,
2,

energy, .

see

nko-

App,

a naked

-ankulungunzu. state, adv., nkulungu8

;

of a tooth,

,,

nsnnungu,

2.

nerve in suffering, lack

of,

n.^

kia-

nzu (4). Nakedness, ;/., evene,

nzu,
4.

nkulungn;

Name

(mention),

v.,

tola (Bako.)
(2)

zangata, suma. a price, v., sia e ntalu

ngula, 5. Nervous, be (impatient), v., kala ye kiangula, 5. Nervousness, ., kiangula, 5. Nest of twigs, ;/., kialwa, 5.

or esu-

Nettle,

ft.,

vidi, 6

dinsiensia,

7.

mbu
after
v.t.,

(8).

Never

(not for ever), adv.^ ke...ko

any one, give a family name?

luka.
;/.,

family,
(fix), 7/.,

nluku,

4.

sikinisa (Bako.), sikana.

(by), a.,

named

-esika-sika (yo).

what are their names, nani yo nani

(///. who & who). Narrowness, n., kimfinangani, 5.

yakwele mvu. Nevertheless, cofij.yQ kana nkutu, nkaya-kaya. New^., -amona (strange), a., -ampimpita. News, ft., kinsamu, 5.
(report),

nsangu,
ft.,

2 sing,

second-hand,

nsangU

(2)

za-

Nation,

n., see

vula, 6

zula,

6,

App.
a.,

nkambwa.
concerning the sickness or death of or some disaster which has befallen a relative, ft., etamba, 8. wonderful, ft., diambu (7) dia kinsamuna, the explanation of

Natural
(to

(as

human
a.,

being),

-awuntu, -akiwuntu.
a tree or plant),
-a

mumbene-

na

(3).

Nature

(inborn),
;

(Bako.)

71., butukulu, 6 wutukilu, 6 wutu;

kilwa. (normal state),

a mystery, something which was never heard of before.

n.,

Navel, protruding,

w.,

minu, 6. ekumba,
App.

Next
8.

to, be, v.t.,

v.,

landakana.

Nibble,
n.
;

kela.
;/.,

Ndembo

mystery, language
5,

of,

Nickname,
kela.

nkumbu

I2)

anso-

see kizengi,

'NiG-NUR
Night,
in

774
the middle of the, adv.

Not, continued.

see -ediki,

App.

mpangi diau adimosi ne ki

eno ko do not cairy if it were not heavy, kunati e nkele ne banza vo ke izita ko.
;

be or sit up all night, x/., kielwa. No, inter pe. j.^ no little, no small, a., ke -andwelo. Noble (exalted), be, kundalala, tundalala.

mfumu

the box as

Note
rush),
n.^

especially,

7/.,

ta.
v.t..,

Noise
at

(bustle,

ngungula4.
pi.

take note of (mentally),

sil e

ngungula, 2. an incantation,
n.,

dimbu
.,

(6),

nsangu,
;

Nothing,
bring

n.,

tonekena. mpesa, 2 mpena,

; ;

clamour,

lokoso, 10

biaula,

nkatu,

vela,

6.

5(Bako.).
expressive of wonder,
.,

ekumbu,
eyokosa,

8.

come
for

a great noise,

n.

see

8,

vondesela. kufwila. nothing, a., -angovo.

to, v.t.,
T/.z.,

to,

App.
(loud), of

(utterly wasted), adv., e

ngofwiU.
v.l.

some commotion, ndiki2.

Notice

of,

take no, (put up with),

diki,

made when
or
at

the

new moon appears

vukula. Notion, n., ntiti,

4.

the birth of a child or decision of a tribunal, lozi, 10.

Notwithstanding,
conj., i

conj.,

kana

nkutu, nkaya-kaya.

make make
make

the above noise,

2/.,

ta

lozi.
v.,

muna wau nkutu... ndivo.

watu.
v.t.,

a noise as of a free fight,

(in protesting), conj.,

dituka.
a thundering, dudula, tutula.
n.^

Noun, ., nkumbu, 2. Nourish (of food only),

finuna.

fikuna,

nsonsa, 4. make such, 2/., sia nsonsa. Noised abroad, be, v.i., kumba, yaya. Nonsense, n., ungolokoso, 12 ungongolokoso, 12 mavamba,
;

of something moving,

Nourishment

pl. 8.

which food immfiku, 2. Now see (what has become of it), see now, conj. see kasi OWU, App. indeed or at length, conj., wau i
(that
parts), n.,
;

Nor,

conj.,

musungula, ngatu {with

;

bosi.
that, conj.,

the verb in the infinite affirmative) I neither bought nor even

vo,

wau kina vo wau kadi.

n.,
n., mungizi, ezuku, 8.

or kinana
3.

saw

it,

kisumbidi kio ko ngatu

kio.
2, n.

NsAFU

kernel,

moua
North,
n.,

Nucleus,
(P. norte).

note,

Nudge

(anyone, unobserved, to call

Nose, swelling (hypergemic) of

of, .,

inside

his attention), v., takula, via-

nsute,

2.
;

ngula.
see also

Not,

adv., ka...ko (Bako.)

Nuisance (danger and annoyance),

n.,

under sa, App. was or is. ..he (&c.) not; see biza & mbote, App. not a 'itw^ a., ke -andwelo. when two negative sentences are
joined by as though, just as if, as if, the second particle of negation appears 07ily once., ayid
that at the end of the combined sentences; do not treat me as
if I

vangu,
v.t.,

6.

Nullify,

bwangalakesa, pa71.,
;

Number,
;

a great,

ebidi, 8

bidi,

6 ntuti, 4 kingi, App.

see also e

ke ye

Numerous,
Nursing

a.,

-ankangu.
luayi,
10.

be, v., tuta,

bwembena, besama.
v.,

sling, n.,

were not your

chief,

ku-

be borne on a, luayi (10).

zembama muna

(775
X7RSING, continued.
take out of or set
lola.

Nur-Omi
v.,

Obstruct,

kakidika.
.,

down from
kasn,
6.

a,

ze-

(be an obstruction), kakalala.

Obstruction,
.,

XuT

(for

a bolt),

freedom from
...in,

all, n.^

kaku, 6. nkoldmona,
an,

2.

place

as

kakidika...
7/./.,

o.
Oath, take
ndofi
an,
(2),
?/.,

muna. Obtain further or

kesa.

beside,

bata6.

bindumuka
2.
;

bindumuka.
ngwilu,

Occupation, pressing, (trade), ., nkono, 4-

//.,

vaki,

Ohedience, Obliged to,

n.,

Occur
see

(happen),
v.,

v.,

vaika.
;

be, vd.,

fwanukwa

to

one,
it

yima muna ntima

to

also must,

App.

occurred

him

to

see

Obscene, a., -ansafu. Obscenity, ., nsafu, 4. Obey, t/./., widikila (Bako.),wila(M^

object

whether the thing was there, diyimini muna ntima audi edi dia tala vo e lekwa kikedi ko.

being the person^ not the

Ocean,

comma7id).

Odd

Object, the chief, ., etima, 8. Obligation, n.., ekami, 8. be under great, ^., bindakana.

Obligatory, be, v.i., kamama. Obliged to do something, be,

miuwu). ntuka, 4. a., -antula, -antuka, -answangani. (of no particular use), <3., -ansuwa. Odds and evens, the game of, n.^ mpweso, 4 see mpinzi, nsibi.,

muwu,
n.,

3 (pi.

number,

ntula, 4

zole-

di,

App.

games,

p. 493.

Iwa

(be

desired, required to);

because
ntaku,
e
e

we had

to

give

the

Odour, emit a delightful, 7/., tombana. give out an, v., vumbana.

kuma
to,

twazolelo
7/.,

Of

(such and such a town, class, &c.),

vana
be or
I

ntaku.

feel

obliged

kamika,
;

kala ye ekami

(8),

nwengwa

-akwa Nsafu of Kimbanda, Nsafu akwa Kimbanda; the chiefs of Ewombe, a mfumu
;

ngina ye ekami dia kwenda, ndwengeno or nkamikini kweobliged to go,

am

zakwa Ewombe.
{before

a pers. pron.\

see

-ina {pre-

ceded by a
also

locative')^

App.

see

nda.

be much,

7/.,

bindakana.

Oblong, see imder oval, App. Observe, v., tadikila.

(carefully), tadidila.

App. Offence (something wrong or improper), n.^ eyanga. commit an, t/., bula e eyanga.
(Bako.),
take, v., baka e efwema (8). Offensive (stinking) condition, adv.^ e
in a,

mwa,

Obstinacy,
App.

.,

lufutu,
4
;

10

nkumfu,

see also

kinkani,

bokoto

(pi. 6).

Offspring,
I

n.^

wutwa,

nwutuki,

(of children), sebe, 6.

&4.
ekwe.
-z/./.,

(persistence), n.^ luzindalalu, 10.

Oh

(of regret), inter j.^

which

only yield in the last extreme, and perhaps not then,

will
n.,

Old &

tough or useless, be,

n.^

kuva.

person,

nenunu,
4.

4.

findu,

6.

Obstinate heedlessness
and warning,
(indifferent to
.,
all),
-z/.z.,

to

advice
6.

(very), nkosa, Olive, also the

tree, ., olive, 2

ze-

tibingi,

kumvalala.

tona, 2 zethan).

(P.

azeitona

Heb.

Obstinately, hold on
v.,

(perseveringly),

Omission,

.,

zindalala.

Omitted,

see

evengwa, 8. evengwa, App.

On-Own
On,
see also

776

mwa, App.

Orator,

n.,

ngw^lele-ngw^nze,
n.,

2.
(3)

Once

or kaka, with the emph, de?n. pron. j ^z/y^kiamakuluwz//^ the applied form J I tell you once for all, i nsamwina aka yiyi isamwini or ivovesele wo kiafor all, adv.^ i...aka

Orchid

(van?)
to go, v.t.,

mwenzi

amputu.

Order

tuma.
4.
I

(command), n., nkanikinu, v., kanikina.

of rank
^?'

(give instructions to), yika.

makulu.
at once, adv.^ i

precedence,

n.,

ndandaiii,
order,

mil

also expressed

2.

by the reduplicated verb.

have been once, but not now, see -adi, V. defective, App. One above the other, ., -ankundakiani, -ankundieka, -ambandito
z/.,

done without any attempt at a., -afwatiku-fwatiku.

Ordinances
pi.

(regulations), n.,

mina,

siwa, 6. Ordinary, a., kibeni

3
;

ordinary dress,

eka.

nkundakiani, e mbandieka, nkundieka. after the other, ., -andandani. adv., e ndandani. Only, conj., nloiigo(=mpasi, p. 354).
adv., e

kibeni. Ore, hard piece of iron, which presents the appearance of furnace
slag, n.,

mpwata

ekongwankela,

8.

a.,

-ampivi.
.,
a.,

ezuku, 8, App. (cause), n., ntondo, 2. Originate, v.t., solomona, selomona,

Origin,

n.,

see

child, ., kialati, 5.

semona.
-a miasi.

Onyx,
Open,
(in

onis,

2.

-a

mwasi
v.,

(3), pi.

Ornament, n., nkembo, 2. Ornamental, a., -ankeko.

Ostentatious, be provokingly,
ta kimpadi
(5,
v.t.,

an open

state), adv.,

mwasi.

(the mouth),

yasuna.

Bako.)

ta e

wide (a door), bengomona.

Opinion, edi or e diambu (7) -ina this is my opinion, i diau diau didi ngina diau; what is his opinion ? nkia diambu kena diau ? our opinion is different, edi tuna diau diaka;

mpadi (2). Other, a., -ankaka (Bako.). Otherwise, conj., ke mpela ko; come at once otherwise it will be too late, wizidila, ke mpela ko e ntangwa isaka. Otter, as large as a water rat, white
belly, flat tail, n.,

ka. (judgment of the mind), ;/., nzengo, 2 Opinionated, be very, v., bamba. Opportunity, give an, v., vana or sila e uzila (2). have an, v., baka e ntangwa (2) vwa e nzila (2). Oppose, v.t., see palana, App. the wishes of (another), v., sia e

lungola-ngo-

la, 10.

Ought,
Oval,
be,
v.,

see

an,

n.,

nga, App. nswatata,

4.

swatumuka, sungumuka. make, v., sungumuna, swatumuna. Overhaul, v.t., satulula, sandulula. Overreach, v.t., sunda, sundidila,
luta, lutidila.

kintanta (5). Opposite, be, v.i., singalakana, talana.

Opposition, place

in, v.t., kakidila. OppREss,2/./.,futuna(Bako.),funtuna.

Overshadow, v.t., yitalela. Overwhelmed, be, vd., finangeswa. Own, of one's, a., -akuvwila he has a knife of his own, wina ye
;

Or, or

else, conj.,

ke mpela ko.
nlalanza, 4 (P. la-

Orange

tree, n.,

Owner,

mbele akuvwila. the owner of the n., vwa, i

;

ranja).

house,

vwa-nzo.

Pac-Pat

Part, continued.
(allotted), w.,

P.
Pacify,
t/./.,

(integral), n., see

kwa, 6. kikwa,
t/./.,

6,

App.

(slice), ., sele, 6.

wondeleka.
7/./.,

Partake
(2)

of (eat),

dia.
e

I^vCK closely,
I'ADDiNCx, .,

bandila.

(have a share

in),

kala

ntwadi

mfwadu, 4 (l"- fardo). P.EDOBAPTisT, ., mundemba-wana, see lemba mwana, App. 3 Page, where a passage may be found,
;

muna.
bonga or
7a,

(take or receive a portion),

tambula
Partial, be
(in

kunku

(6).

judgment),

kusia

n.,

ezikila, 8

evika,

8.

Pain

(terrible), .,

ntima

(4),

I'AINED in the

mviangalu (4) a tema (6) kia mpasi. heart, be, tiukwa

-z/.,

ntima
J'AiNS, take,

(4).

I'AIR

(of

7/., songola. animals or birds

vana esambu dimosi. Partisan, ., kamba, 6. Partition, ., yaka (6) kiansungi, ngumbu, 2. Partner, ., mbale, 2. Partnership of women, n., kindumbi,
in,

which

kindumbizi,

5.

mate),

n.,

kialwa,

5.

adv.,

kindumbi,

kindu-

Palaver-place, in a town, n., eboko, ntanda-ndembo, 4 mba8 zi (2) a ekongo. Pale, become, v.i., seboka, pukuka. Paleness, 7i., seswa, 6. Palm, fruit of mpusu, etombe, & date palm, ., nkulu, 2.
; ;

mbizi.
enter into,

vanga
v.,

in trapping only, n.,

enter into,

kindumbi, &c. bunda, 6. leka e bunda.

e
(2).

Pass, allow

to, v.,

sila e nzila

by or round
avoiding
loka.

something (carefully it through fear, rev.i.,

midrib of

leaf, n.^
.,
1 1

keke,
2

6.
;

spect or disgust),
lusie1

kengo-

of leaflet,
nsiele,

siensiele, 6

&

lusiensie,

over (an obstacle)

v.,

<?r

across (a space),
of disci-

&2.
large, of
oil, .,

Raphia

vinifera,

ebanga,
;

8.

sumbuka. over a wrong or breach

pline until
it

nzeta, 2 (P. azeite

see ze-

should be again

tona, App.).
wine, old

repeated

see

zinga

ebu

(8),

&

sour, .,
is

wine, which

dikaya, 7. not more than

(pi. 8)

App.
12

hours old,

malavu

ma-

through safely or unhurt or without being interfered with, 7/., ku-

nswa.
Pant,
v.L, lakala,

womba
sakasa. ekono, 8.

{reji.).
2.

Paragraph, n., Parallax, n., zumbulu, 6. Parallel, be, singamena kumosi. of latitude, ., nkambiku, 2.
of longitude,

Passage money, n., nzambu, pay, 2/., zamba.

way),
.,

a clear passage (a long, open road-

mumpumpu,

3.

ntongeka,
n.,

2.

Parallelogram,
Paralyse,
v.t.,

ba,

6.

Passes, make, v. ; see mika, App. Passion, n., eketo, 8. (emotion), ., vengenene, 6 (sing.
only).
n., efwenka, 8. nduta, 2. Past, the remote, ., kavengelele, 9 ngodia-ngodia, 2. Pasturage, ., madilu, pi. 8. Pat playfully, v.t., wanda ntayi (4).

vola.

Paralysis, ., evola, 8. Paralytic, ., mbevo (2) a evola.

overmastering,
n.,

Passover,

Paramour,

.,

nkembi, 4;

mwa-

mbizi, 3 (Mbamba).

Parchment,
Part,
.,

;/.,

ngungu,

2.

bela,

6.

Pat-Per
Patch
Path,
of cultivated ground, small,
6. 4.

778)

v.,

Peg upon which

lua,
n.,

nzia-zia,
path,

a direct

nzila

(2)

-abatuor nkuor moyo

5.

to hang things, ., nketekwa, 2. Penal, a., see -ansi a nkuwu (2), App. Pendulous, be (of the breast), vd.,

abatn.

bokola.

Patience,

n., (4)

luku
(3).

nlekoko a ntima

(4)
(4)

in suffering, lack of, n.,

kiangula,
v.,

People, great number of, n. see zelele, 6, App. Perdition, ., lufwasu, 10. Perfect, bring to perfection {ofplans,
;

(perseverance),

.,

luzindalalu, 10.
la-

studies, hopes, &c.), vJ., zikula.

Patient

(long suffering), be,

ndula, lazula. plodding disposition,

-azizi.

make, kunkula. be (complete), v.i., vangama, ku-

ntima

(4)

nkuka.
(in prime), (in

zikuka.
style), a.,

Patriarch, ??., nkulu, i. Pattern, ., pwa-meso, 6

ndu,
(gauge),
2.

idiom or

-akosi.
;

mba;

Perfection,
App.
be
at, v.u,

n.,

eziku, 8

see

zikuka,

(design, figure),
n.,
n.,

(make),

n., kimpa, 5 pa, nonga-nonga, 6. kanda, 12.

2.

6.

zikuka, kunkuka.
in

bring

to, see perfect.

Perforated

many

places

a.,

(style), .,

mpwa,

-azoko-zoko.

Pause,
ft.,

v., kuma, kindama. nkuminu, 2. .,

Perfume, something

emitting

a, v.,

Paw,

buba,
6,

6.

Pay

of a blacksmith or doctor,

n.,

dinsunga-nsunga, 7Perhaps, ?<fi-^<^ verbally, to... perhaps, nanga...ye (&c.) I may buy it
;

kwezi,
a passing

visit

^r call,

v.,

vitamena.

for a service or a ferry or passage

perhaps to-morrow, ndanga kio sumba yo mbazi he was perhaps right, onanga lunga.
;

money,
n.,

7/.,

zamba.
;

possible to be,

nzambu, 2. Payment, n., efuta, 8 nsendo, 4. (the manner of paying), mfuta, 2.

Peace,
n.,

v., nanga kala vo, generally impersoftal, dinanga

kala vo
perhaps
vo,
it
;

it is

perhaps possible

that, also

dinanga lungana vo.

ungudi,
again,

12 {see

K.-Eng.

App.).

conj.

see

may be that, if perhaps, unkwa, unkwa kala

make peace
make,
v.t.,

vutula

ungudi.
;

&

(kala)

own
pi.

diakalanga,
vonza, 6
(Bako.).
&:c.,

sia e

ngemba

(pi. 2)

sia

ke vete ko, App.

Peril,
n.,

ungudi; see also nwika nsangalavwa (4), App. (nsa-). of mind, n., fiauzi, 12 nkuluku or
;

lenga,
;

vangu, 6
be
in,

sumbu, 6

nlekoko a moyo (3). (safety), n., luvuvamu, 10.

sue
for, n.,

mona e vonza, mbuka (Bako.).

v.,

su-

Peak

(of
10.

luve (10). mountain), n., lusangidika,

lomba

-ambengo-mbengo, Perilous, a., -avangu, -alenga, -avonza.

Period
Perish,

(epoch),
v.i.,

n.,

sungi,

6.

kufwila.

Pearl, n., perle, 2. Pedigree, n., mvila,

2.

Peritoneum, n., luvungu, 10. Perjure one's self, v., fumba e ndofi
(2).

Peep

out of a hole or door, just the

head appearing,

v.l,

lumbalala.
vJ.,

Permanent,
Permission,

be,
v.,

v.i.,

zingila.
2
;

Peer

(into,

over,

under, &c.),

ngyambu,

kia-

dionga.

mbu,

5.

; ;

779

'er-Pla
.,

Permission, continued.
give, 7A,

Perversitv,

lufutu, 10 (Bako.)

vana

lukaya lua kanga

wiki. P RpLEX, v., kindakesa, finangesa, yitakesa. P :rplexed, be, v.i., kindakana, finangeswa, yitakiana. P :rsecute, 7/./., futuna (Bako.), funtnna, banganisa. P :rsecuted, 7/./., be, futuka (Bako ),

nkumfu, 4. Perveri, 7'./., biondomona, bendomona.

Pester, 7/./., lakama. Petition, ., mvingu,
2. 4.

also the thing asked for,

ndomba,

funtuka, bangama. Persecutor, n., ntantabadi, ngubadi, 6. Perseverance, n., fululu, 6

ndalalu, 10 ngididi, 6.
(continuance),
w.,
;

Philosopher, ., ndongoti, 2. Phylactery, n., nkinda, 2. Pick out (select), v., ta, dimbuna.
out (maize),
7/.,

su-

bwenia.
of double or extra

Piece of
;

cloth

luzi;

length, see su,

(bit,

swiswi, 6

su6.

small), .,

App. nkesona,

vasina,

tente,

6.
;

kwaminini,

(slice), sele,

lumemo,
;

10.

Persevere,?/./., zindalala, dokalala,

entire,

sungama,
(2)

finizieka, sia e ntala

(6),

was of one piece throughout, baya kimosi kiau

baya, 6
it

or fulula

zitalala, va-

ekulu.
(entire, of cloth,

namiana, vampamiana. Persevering in, be, finizieka, zindalela,

braid,

&c.),

w..

mfofeka,
Pieces, in or
it is

4.

we

will

dokalela, sungamena; persevere in our work,

(part), w., bela,

to,

ebembele,

8.

adv., e bela-bela

tufinizieka e salu kieto. Persist, v.^ sia e ntala (2), dokalala.

foolishly in a request, folokosa.
in,

torn to pieces, kibakilu e

bela-bela.

Pierce
with,

(into), v.i.,
7/./.,

sumama

(muna).
2

vd.,

kwamanana.

sumika, someka.
;

in following, in (a

?/./., landidila, lakama. statement or idea), 7/., selo-

Pigeon

moka.
Persistence,
n., 10.
2/.,

(green), ;/., nkutuluzia, ntunguluzia, 2. Pile, in one place, 7/./., fitika.

ntala,

pi. 2

luzi-

on,

7/.,

kundakesa.
.,

ndalalu,

Pillar
see persevere.

of cloud,

etuti

(8)

dia ki5.

Persistent,
in one's

be,

own opinion, to be very, v.i.^ bamba. Person, n., mbana, i (pi. ambana).
young person whose name you forget or do not wish others to
hear,
n.^

ntungila (5), kintungila, Pillow, n., lukuba, 11 & 2.

(carved

wooden),

.,

nkindi,

(Bako.).
to sit on, n.,

mfwadu,

4 (P- fardo).
4.

Perspiration, Persuade, try kuza.

netoko, i. ;z., ndukutila,

ineffectually

Pinafore, ., lenga, 6. Pipe (tube), n., mvuvu,

2.
v.t.^

to,

be, v., kwikidisa. Persuasive, a., -anlebo. Persuasiveness, n., nlebo, 4Pertinacity, n.y see kinkani, App. Pervade, v.i.^ see zala, App. Perversion (act), ., lubiondomono,

Persuaded,

Pitch, highest or lowest, ;/., see zengo, 6, App. (slope) of a roof, &c., n., nknnka, 4Pitiableness, n., lukendeleko, 10. Place, v.t., knma, sikidika. apart, separate, n., beko, 6. in a separate, vabeko.
before,
7/./.,

tumbika.
is

by the roadside where food

fered for sale,
n.,

of-

10

lubendomono,

10.

lalu, 6.

Pla-Pok
Place, continued. the end or point

780)
Plateau, long
stretch of,
.,

ekombe,

against

(some-

8.

thing), -t/./., tutika. good, ^., kiudi, 5 (Bako.). a heavy weight upon, v.t.^ nieteka.
in full view, v.t.^

Platen, of a press, ., koni, 6. Plaything, ., see sakesa, 6, App. Please, if you, do, dodokolo di- (aku,
&c.).

senzeka.
is
8.

in a

town where a daily market

held, n.,

Pleasure,

w.,

ekombo,
ifi

ewete

ehoko,
6.
6.

{generally used
4.

the plural

level, n.^

nlela-nlela,

(seat), n.,

fongo,
see

sleeping-, n., leko,

take,

v.i.^

vinga, App.

mawete), 8. Plentiful, a., -avomo. be, ^.z.,bwembwena, besama,tuta. Plenty, ., vomo, 6.

(things) in a

handy position, where any one can easily get them,

v.t.,

Plod

on,

z/./.,

zindalala, dokalala,

sia e fululu (6) or sungididi

(6).

bembeka.
v.t.,

together,

fitika.
is

Plodding,
to
;

patient
azizi.
8.

disposition,

.,

where anything or anyone

surely found,
n.^

be

ntima (4)
Plot,
n.,

ezikila, 8

evi-

ekani,
?7.,

ka, 8

know where he always

against,

is, nzeye dio evika diandi. where highway robbery was committed, fumbi, 6.

sia e ekani. against one another, 7/., kanana.

.,

of ground,

efwe,
;

8.

Pluck,

places, in various (but not

i

all),

adv.^

nko
.,

nko.
4.
8.

Plain,

nlela-nlela,

alluvial,

ebwila,
z/./.,

nkabu, 2 unkabn, 12. close ofif by the stalk, v.t.., kongona. (large fruit), v.t.^ konga. (small things), kongona, zonzona,
;?.,

(clear), be,

kia.

zotona.

make,

v.t.,

kiesa.

Plait loosely, v.t.^ laba. Plant, aromatic, n.^ ndumbn,

a
cane-like

Plumed tuft, ., yondo, 6 bondo, 6. Plunge the head into water, v.t.^ bo;

2.

teka.

plant used
11.
;

in

native

Plural,
(2).

in the, adv., e

nknndikwa

medicine,
4,

see

nsangalavwa,
tree,

App.

Plush,
2.

n.,

mbumbnlu,
cut

2.

epiphytic growing on the nsafu

n.^

Point to anything,
(headland),
longo)
(highest),
;

a, v.t.,

sonsona.
2

nkunda-nkunda,
-

farthest, n., nsilu, 4.

non

fruit

bearing

on account
;z.,

of
4.

n.,

nkonko,
8.

(So-

sterility

or sex,

nlomba,

ekunkwa,

(planted), n.,

self-sown,

?z.,

nkuna, 2, n. ekunda, 8.
transplanting),
.,

.,

lusangidika,
at, v.,
;

10.

of importance, arrive

zikula.

a single,

., zo, 6.

most important point

(item) in a discussion,

see

under
8.

(seedlings

for

nkumbi & nkunguln, App.

.,

mpuza, 2, sing. only. Plantain, the last hand on a bunch, ., zangama, 6. Plantain eater, the blue, n.^ ntoyo,
2 mnndanda, 3. Plantation prepared, but
;

ekono,

out specially,

v.t.,

zikinisa.

not yet
(P.

planted,

.,

nsaya,
//.,

2.

Plate

(slab or sheet),

baya, 6

(of punctuation), ., ekuminu, 8. Pointed, be, v.i., sonsoka. Poison of a snake, &c., n., manga, 4. for fish, n., bumi, 12 (Bako.). Poke out (protrude), v.i., zonzomoka. with the end of something long, v.^

taboa).

tnkika, tutika.

78i

Pol-Pre
continued.
?/./.,

Pole,

n.,

ezita, 8

see

K.-Eng. App.

Pour,

north pole, ezita dia note, south pole, ezita dia sud.

out (decant),
out (of

longolola.
7/./.,

much

only),

vongoka.

Policeman, ., nkawu, 2. Pollute, v., safula. Pollution, ;/., nsafu, 4 esafu, 8. Polypus, n., mbadi, 2. Pool left by the fall of a river, .,
;

V /., vongola. Poveri Y, ;/., umputu,

2.

Power

nkuma, (potential), mfunka, 4. (active), mfunka, 2.

(physical), .,

4.

zanga, 8 (Bako.) ya, 8.

zinga, 6 ezi;

to

command,

.,

olodi(P. ordem),

2.

Powerful (man
(pi.

or nation),

.,

-a-

Poor,

.,

-a

nsnkami

asukami),

-amputu.
(commiserating),

under also see mbadi, nkenda, podi, App.

n.,

nkavi. man, n.^ nkavi, 2. Practice of, make a,

Praise,
n.,
;

7/.,

tatila.

lusanisu,

lusanisinu,
;

Port,

esenselo,
(allotted),

8.
;/.,

10

lukembeso, 10

lusense-

Portion

kwa,

6.
8.
z'./.,

(birthright), .,
(integral),
7i.,

efwafwa, kikwa, 6.

meko, 10. sensemeka.

(share), n.,
see

ekau, 8. also under part.

(definite place
8,

(thanks), n., ntondo, 4. Praised, be by all, z/.z'., saniswa.

Position
Possess,

or post),

n.^

esiku,
v.,

wa

(Bako.).

in common, v.^ lendana. Possessions, n., lusalu, 10. in slaves, kuta, 6. all one's, ., salangani, pi. 6 langanu, pi. 6. Possible, be, v.u, lendakana.

Preach, v., teleka. Preacher, ., nteleki, & 4. Preaching, n., nteleko, 4 nteleka, 2. Precious thing, very, ., lengezia, 6. Precipice (having sides slightly slopi
;

ing, n.,

lunenge-nenge,
10.
4.

10.

edge, of lunengananu,
;

sa-

Precipitancy,

.,

nzalala,

Preface (to a book), ., baka, 6. Pregnancy, to be far advanced

7/.,

in,

Post

to serve as a buttress, n.^ nsi-

vumu

(6)

kianunguka.
v.i.,

kulwa,

2 (Bako.);

mwekwa,3.

(position), ., esiku, 8.

main posts of house, ., nkubilwa, 4. Postpone, v.t., vengekela.

the day,

Pregnant, be, become, kokama. by, vidikwa kwa.

Prejudiced,
be, v.,

vidika,

kuzengela.

Pot, ., cooking pot

.,

lambula bungwa, 6.
v.,

lumbu

(6).

Premature, be, v.i., ke yeboka. ko. Prepare (arrange), v., kumpa, ludika.
for the reception of a guest,

(large, of

mottled ware),

luwandu, 10. Pot-hole, ;z., wompodia, 6

dia,
6.
is

kubi-

kompo.,

Pottery, which

very

frail,

be-

Prepared,

Pounce

lengenze, 6. upon, v.t., bwidiia (Bako.),

vangizieka. lulama. (made) quickly, z/.z., vangaziana. Preposition, n., va-ku-mu, 14.
-z^.,

kila zitu (make) quickly,

be,

(12).

t/.z.,

yimba.

Pound

same time in one mortar (of two or more people), v.t.^ bandana. Pour down, t/.z., voloma. forth, ?7./,, bungula.
at the

Present, v.t., bemba. ., kibwanga, 5.

made

for

purpose of insulting,
2.

.,

mpadi,
(for

to give such, v., sia e

mpadi.
v.

service rendered), give a,

(gush) forth,

z/.z.,

fwamfumuka.

zamba.

Pre-Pro
Presently,
adv.^

782

oku

se ntn.
v.t.,

kankana. safely through danger, wombesa. Press (compress), koneka.

danger,
-t/.,

Preserve from

Price, continued. at an absurdly low price, adv.,

mfiku

(4).

n.,

eniemo,

8.

for printing, ., for squeezing,

kwezi,
v.t.^

6. 6.

/?.,

kaminwa,

buy thus, v., sumba have a thing sold tekelwa mfiku. Pride, n., mvwania, 2.
intoxication

to

mfiku. one thus,

kuza. under heavy weight, z/./., nieteka.

(urge) ineffectually,

Pressed thus, be, v.i.^ nietama. Pressure (dynamic or moral),

koni,
6.
;

with, n., lungumviugumvi, 10. Prime of life, n., zikuka, 9 eziku,

;

??.,

8.

of business, nzieta, 4 nziezie, 4. Presumption (the idea that one can

do anything that he sees another do), ;?.,nyenge-nyeiige,

4.

be in, ., zikuka. Print, v.t., kweza, kwezeka. (something printed), n., kwezo, 6. Printer, n., nkwezi, i & 4. Prison, n., pelezo, 2 (P. prisao or
prezo).

Pretence
dia.

of,

make,

^.,

sia e ezu (8)

Private,
v.,

a.,

-abeko.
adv., e
(2),

kuvunginika, kuvukika, kukita irefi.). Pretender, n., kuvunina, i. Pretentiousness, ?z., knvaka, 9 kumvalala, 9. Pretext, n., lumpeso, 10. Prevaricate, t/./., kwenkona. Prevent, 7/./., kutula; he prevented

Pretend,

in (aside),

kineenga

(5),

mpenga
Privately,

adv.,

kuna beko (6). kuna kinsweki (5),

(6).

kuna beko
Proclaim,
leka,
v.t.,

teleka.
n.,

Proclamation,
2.

nteleko, 4

nte-

my

unkutwidi nda yadi kwenda.

going,

kwe-

Procrastinate, v.t., sia e lele (6). Procurable, be, v., bongakana ("getable
able
"),

(by standing in front to stop any one) from going somewhere, ?/.,
kesela.

able"),
").

bakakana (" catchsumbakana (" purchasebanga-

(of medicinal herbs only),

Prevented, be
(muna).

(by something), v.l,

kana.

takama (muna), bambamena

Previous
to,

adv., e

nkete preceding

the predicate; previous to sitting down, tie the goat, e nkete

wafonga, okanga e nkombo. Previously, adv., see also ekulu, p.

268.

Price agreed upon, contract

nzengo,
2.

price

n.,

kayakana. nlungu-lungu, 4. Profane, v.t., zengeneka. a., -anzengenga. Profanity, n., nzengenga, 2. Profession (boast), n., lusanu, 10. (trade), n., nkono, 4. Professional man, n., mfuzi, 2. Proficient, be thoroughly, v.i., lu(leaves only),
n.,

Prodigality,

bargain over the price

of, v.,

ta or

mbuluka, kunkuka. Profit (advantage), n., luwete,

(in

10.
?/.,

vuna
at

esumbu
v.,

(8),

loaning

or

investments),
only,
2
;

any or a high,
n.,

kula.
8,

mazuka,
(in trade), n.,

8, pi.

buying,

esumbu,

ndandu,

ebunda-

name, v., sia e esumbu. be of a high, v., bangala.

raise excessively,

vumu, 8. Prognathous,
e

bangidika

nta-

lu

(2).

a.^ -aduka. Prohibition, n., nkandu, ndikilwa, 2.

nka-

783

Pro-Pur
be,
v.i.,

IROMiNENT,

be,

v.i.,

lundalala, tn-

Protruded,
spathe,

from

hole

or
see

ndalala, zundalala. make, v.t., lundidika, &c. ROMISE (of good or bad),

longomoka,

.,

nka-

nikinu,
mise,
.,

4-

Promiser, one who has made a promasila,

pi. 8.

K.-Eng. App. a., -alundalala. (of the ears), a., -apakalala. Protuberant, be (of forehead,

Protruding,

lips,

&c.), 2

z/.,

bumvalala.
7/./.,

Promontory, n., nkonko, ngo) ekunkwa, 8. Pronoun, ., nkumbi, 2. Pronounce, v., fokola. Pronunciation, n., mfoko,
;

(Solo-

PiiouD & reserved, be, fumina, tintila. Proudly, walk or go, vunia-vunia (pi.

fumana,
e

z/.,

kwenda

6).

2.

Prove
(prov-

(demonstrate),

z/.,

sia e yeleka

manner of, mfokola, 2. Proof, ., ntonto, 2 ntonta

;

(pl. 5).

Provide

for one's self, 7a,

kuvkvila

^m ^H ^H
^^L
^

ing), 2.

{reji:).

circumstantial,
clear

.,

ntunguluzi,

2.

&

unmistakeable,

mona-meso

^^pROFER,

v., ludika. songa. (correct), a., -avimpila, -akosi. make, or of proper length, by cutting off a piece, z/., kumpika,

prove to be true,
be,
v.i.,

vambula. vambwila. Provocation (active), n., luseko, 10. Provoke, v.t., tutisa e ekudi (8). Provoked much, be, ntima (4,
(furnish), n.,
to,
-z/.z'.,

u-) or

moyo (3, U-) kangama, kangamwa ntima <7rmoyo.

disposition, ., untongolozi,
12.

Prying

kumpa.
Property,
-ansongi. lusalu, 10. in slaves, ., kuta, 6J
(right),
<2.,

Psalm, the book of Psalms,

.,

Sa-

.,

mbu, 6. Puberty, n., etuluka,

pi.

8.

all one's, .,

salangani,

sala-

nganu, pi. 6. Prophesy, v.t., sakula. Propitiate a fetish for breaking some restriction, v.t.^ see fulula,
App. Propitiation (means
ka,
n.,
6.

Public property, to be used by any one, a., -evwanga. Publicity, ., mpenza, 2 evwangi, mvenene, 4. 8
; ;

Publicly, adv., e or
;

ku

(&c.)

mpe-

of), .,

lembe-

nza see also ova etenda, App. Publish widely, v.t., sanzanisa. Pucker, v.t., kutidika.
v.i.,

Propriety

(correctness of manner),
6.

kutalala.
a high position (perv.t.,

kosi,

Pull down, from

2.

(rectitude), n.,

nsongi,

sons only),

kunkula.
in),

Proscribed, ., see -ansi a nkuwu (2) App. Prosper, v.i., vangama. Prostitute, ., mputa, 2 (P. puta). Protect, v., kankana. Protection of, to assume the, v.,
konkolola. Protector, ., kangi, 6. Protrude, v.L, lundalala, tundalala, zundalala, duka.
(of a point),
z/.z.,

out (something which has stuck

z/./.,

sumuna.
into,
v.t.,

Pulp,

crush

nianzuna,

niasuna. Pump, n., mpola,

2.

Pumpkin, a small
dia,
2.

variety

of, .,

nsu*

Pupil,

.,

of eye,

.,

nlongoki, i & 4. ngengele, 2 (Bako.).

.,

Pure

(genuine),

see

under ya,
2.

zonzomoka.
lanzuka.

App.

(of the eyes only),

Purple

(the colour),

?/.,

mpilu,

'UR-QUI

784

Purpose
nu,

(determination),

n.,

ekani,
8
;

8.

Put, continued.
the legs,
together,
(of
v., fila
v.t.,

(raison d'etre), .,
4-

evangu,
;

mfu;

malu

(pi. 9).

fitika, tota.

bila, 6 ., ebandu, 8 eyandu, 8 elonda, 8. for what purpose, e elonda, e eyandu, e ebandu. some great thing given or done for
(reason),
;

many
v.i.,

parts), v.t.^
v.t.,

tudika.

in

good order,
be,

lumpika.

lumpama.
order,
7/.,

without any attempt at arrange-

ment or
fwatika.

fwatika-

a purpose,

n.^

mpongo,

see

K.-Eng. App.

Purposeless
fwila.

(for nothing), a.,

-ango-

up with (an inconvenience, &c.), v.t.^ vukula. upon a man's shoulder (the load he
IS

Purslain,
lu.

??.,

madia

(pi. 9)

ma

nguv.t.^

to carry),

v.t.^

Iwlkila.

Putrid, something,
(of things
in

n.^

wolezia,

6.

Push on

motion),

vitumuna.
on well with,
7/./.,

Puzzled at, be, v., yitakiana, ndakana, finangana.

ki-

totola.
v.t.,

Put

aside, to keep,
.,

velekela.
6.

something,

velekela,

aside, out of the

(of

something which one has), v.t., vengeka. something which comes in one's way or is apart from one), v.t.^
(of

way

QQuake,
7/.,

dedema.

vengomona.
back again
vJ.,

(the earth into a hole).

an earthquake, ., ludedemo lua ntoto (4). Quaking, ., ludedemo, 10.

langa.

be,

v.t.^

langama.

down

(of

many

things

only),

v.t.^

Qualify {gram>i, v., yikula. Quantity, a great, n., ebidi, 8 bidi, vomo, 6 see ndibwa, 2, 6
; ; ;

vindakesa.
(ofsomethinggreat),7/./.,bubidika.
further apart,
in a position, in a
in
v.t.^
7/.,

App.

Quarrelsomeness
ya,
12.

(great), n.,

uwu2 (P.

tavula. sikidika.
2/.,

Queen
v.t.^

(in

cards), n.,
harlot).
all,

mputa,
see also

handy
nzeka.

position,

bembeka.
se-

puta,

a prominent position,
fire), v.,

Question, beyond
App.

lay a,
be, v.,

into (the

off the day, v.,

(6).

fumpa. lambula

Quick
e

in

making or preparing,
(ye);

lumbu

vangamiana

be

quick

with your work,

-z/.,

vangamiana

on the

out (extinguish),

bandika. 7/., patika. out strength or energy, v., sia e

top,

temper,

ye salu kiaku. ntima (4) a kimfi kia nso-

mvi
Quickly,

see

K.-Eng. App.

(nso-

mfunka
only),

(2).

mvi).
adv., e

with violence (of living creatures

7/.A,

ntinu yo nswalu,
(ye),

lulumuna, lundu-

muna.
plenty,
v.t.,

kipalu. do or prepare,
do, go, &c.,

tudidika.
z/.z.,

v., vangizieka wala, wala-wala.

in plenty, be,

tulalala.

v.,

vika {aux.
;

v).

see

have plenty put down to or on

one, tulalala ye.
(of

soon, Eng.-K.

also vika,

App.

go
v.t.^ fila.

some

part of body),

out, 7/., vayizieka. work, vJ., salamiana.

785

Qui-Rea
continued.
(in

continued.

Range,
is

IUICKLY,a to do

thing quickly

also

ex-

long range

guns),

<z.,

-antunta,

pressed by a reduplication of Cut it quickly the verb.

!

-antwala.

zenga-zenga kio UICKNESS (in acquirement), zadi!

Rank, //., esiku, 8. Rap (knock), 7/., tota.

Rare, a., -ampava. Rarkiy, adv., tutu
ngani.
(6)

zadi,

6.
(still),
7'./.,

kiatunda;

Quiet, be

kindama, ningama, dingama.

vJ., lembelela.

Rascal,

;/.,

baza, 6

tuzu, 6

tS-

down,
7'./.,

ma,

6.
., ntwanga, 2. untwanga, 12.

lembalala.

unscrupulous,

Rascality,

//.,

Rashly,
do,
v.,

R.
Race
(breed).
;/.,

adv., e nswalala. swatakesa. Rashness, n., nswatakani,

;nswa-

takesa,

2.

kuna,

12.

Rat
;/.
;

hunting,

//.,

esaku,

8.

(descendants of one parent stock),

.,

Rather,

adv., vezi.

nzimbakani,
race,

2,

the

(instead), see also

kaka

^S:

mpasi,

whole human ni a wuntu.

nzimbaka-

App.
than, adv., ke mu...ko. Ravage, v., fwantakesa. Ravine, ;/., mvonzi, 4. Raw, without previously cooking, adv., e nse (2), e mbisu (2). condition, yisu, 6
;

Rage,

nkenene, pi. 2 nlula, 4 ntema, 2 efuluta, 8.

;/.,

kiezi,
;

in a, adv.,

nlula.

Rags,

in

rags

&

tatters,

-anlanzi-

nlanzi.

nse,

2.

Raid

for slaves,

7/./.,

bnnda.
(12).

Raider, ., mfiinia, 2. Railroad, .,nzila (2) a tadi

Rain,
fine, .,
pl. 7

Read & write, know how masona (pl. 8).

over i?;' from a
list, v.t.,

to, v.,

via

tangumuna.
;

mamwanga-mwanga,
;

Readiness,
to

//.,

lululamu, 10

luku2.

(Bako.)
pl. 7

manyanga-nya;

bamu,
do a kind
be,

10.

nga,

(Bako.)

mfwefo, 4

action, n.,

ngemba,

(Bako.).
to be constantly threatening to rain

Ready,

7/./.,

lulama.

(willing), be, 7/.,vevola

ntima
to

(4).

again clearing up a little, v.i. [ezuln (8, di-) or kuma (9, ku-)] yinda. very heavy, /?., mvumbi, 4.

&

ready

to, be, v.,

vevolwela
go

ntifor

ma; he was

ready me, wavevolwela ndela ntima.

willingness,
(4).
//.,

kungea ntima

Raining, cease, ?/./., kauka. Raise a price excessively, ?/., bangidika e ntalu (2).

mvevo
v.,

(4)

Rear

(bring up),

tongonona, ku-

bakula or zangula or siamisa e ndinga (2). up upon some support, 7/., kundiv.,

the voice,

bulula.

Reason,

n.,

bila, 6
;

eyandu,
;

eba-

kila.

Ram

(things into something),

v.f.,

ko-

elonda, 8 ebungu, 8. for this,e bila kiaki, eyandu diadi, elonda diadi, e bila ye ebandu.

ndu, 8

mangesa.
tightly, 7A, diatidila.

for what,

wa

eyandu,
11.,

iS:c.

&
sunsa,
2
;

explanation,

mpitu
2.

(2)

yo

Range

(of a throw),

//.,

6.
2.

nsengo
for

(4).
71.,

of a weapon, ntunta,

ntwala,

coming,

ngizilu,

3E

Rea-Rel
.R ASON,
i<:

(786)
Reference to, in, see -ina omu, App. Reflection, n., kita, 5 (Bako.) nkangazi, 4Refresh kd in body, be, 7/., nitu (2 i-) sakumuka; moyo (3, u-) vu;

continued.

fm- .going,
for what,

ngyendelo,

2.

wa

edi.
is

the real reason

that,

ina

ntangwa

kina or kinana vo. it cannot have happened without some reason see diambu, App. Reasoning, the power of, //., nyindu,
;

tula.
after thirst, in

nitu
(3,

(2, i-)

vola.

mind,

moyo

U-)

4'

Rebel ayainst, v.t., t^ama. Rebuke, ?/./., yika, sungula.

(strongly),
%>.i.,

Refuse, v., vakula Regretfully, adv.,

sakumuka. nkalu (4)kuna nkenda

;

{with appl.form).

badila.
v.,

Regular,

a.,

kibeni
.,

the
pi. 3. full

regular

Receive instruction as a doctor, tambula e kinganga (5).

respcctfidly, see

route, e nzila kibeni.

Regulations,

mina,

under koko, App.

Rehearse

a matter with

detail

Recklessness,
takesa,
2

thoughtless,
;

nswanswatakani, 2.
;/,,

Reckon,
Reclalm,

v.t.,
7'./.,

dikula.

vukulula.
tona, toneua.
'

from the beginning to the end, kumbulula, tapntuta. Relations, to have the most intimate, see yambana, App.

f Recollilct,
^'''^'''^'='

U/./.,
)

Relationship, ;/., see also under ndia (4) mosi, & wutnkiana
yo, App.

Recollection,
very distinct,

a, .,

lubanzu,
5.

10.

;z.,

kienze,

Reco.mmend (counsel), 7a/., kubikila. Recompense, ;/., vutudi, 6 nse;

Relative, n., yutu, 6. by marriage, //., nkwezi,

one's 9wn,
ndi).
//.,

2.

kiandi,

(pi.

akia-

ndo,

4.

Reconcile, v.t., bakanisa. Reconciled, be, v.i., bakana. Reconciliation, ., lubakanisu, 10 (rt^A) lubakanu, 10 {pass.).
;

Relax

one's

severity, vd.,

buwa

ntima (4). Relaxation, take, v., volesa ntima (if mental) or e to (6) or
e nitu (2)
(if

Recover
7'.,

(from a

fit

of drunkenness),

physical),
(2, i-)

vungumuna
(pi. 8).
7a/.,

nzieta

(4)

have

some,
///.

v.,

malavu
(get well),

to cool

nitu down.

vola,

vuka

(Bako.), vatu-

Release

(abandon), vd., tengola.

muka.
(revive), v.i.,

Reliauli:,

vatumuka.
{active),
;/.,

Red, be or

turn, vd., biluluka.

Redemption

lukulu, 10
2

a., afika ye kamba, -elzIku, -akwikizi, -avuvu. person, ;/., nkwa (1) ziku. Reliaiulitv, ;/.,ziku,6 ;kwikizi, 12.

nkula, 2. {passk'c), nkulu,

;

nkuka, 2 Redness, brilliant, n., lo, pi. 6. Reed, small round, /z., nsaku-saku,
2

nkulwa, kulwa, 9.
2
;

Religion, ;/., kwikizi, 6. (faith), lukwikiln, 10. (rehgious principle), unkwikizi,

12.

Relinquishment,

;/.,

luyambuln,
10.

10; luvunzanisn,

&

1 1

ndebela,
II.

&

1 1

nsie-

sie, 2

&

weaver's (the stick which takes the place of this in native looms),

Relucjance, n., kiongomena, 5. Reluctant, be, v., kala ye or sia e kiongomena (5).
to

move, &c.,
(upon),

be, vd.,
v.,

sindama.
(6)

mbota, 2. Ri:fer to, item by

//.,

Rely
item, vd.,

sia e fika

ye
e

tangu-

kamba
vuvu

(6)

(muna)

bunda

muna.

(6).

787

Rem-Ret
continued.
6.
8.

Lemain long
7'.,

(at

a place also

last),

Resemblance,
exact,
;;.,

zingila.
di-

nonga-nonga,
;/.,

kindama, ningama, ngama. (stay for while), 7'./., wunda.

still,
7'.,

Reserve

(proud),
a,
?'.,

etinti,

maintain

tintila,

fumana,

fumina.

:kmainder,

//.,

nsadidila,

2.

Reside
Resi(;n,

(for
7'./.,

a time),

v.,

wunda.

:kmark (upon something said), ;;., ndandu, 2 see reply, App. make such a, 7/., landa. Remarks, scornful, ., lutiangu, 10.
;

yekola.

Resignation (of mind), n., nkululu (4) or nlekoko (4) a inoyo (3).
Resin, a very inflammable, //., elengo, 8. Resist (an attack, &c.), 7/./., kakidila.

Remember (recall to mind), bambukwa moyo (3).

(recognise),

v.i.^

7'.A, tona, tonena. (something forgotten), 7'./., bakula. cause to, v., bakulwisa.

Remind,
.,

v.t.,

bambula
little
2.

moyo

(3).

Remnant
Remorse,

(few or a

remaining),

Resolutely, to hold out, v.i., bamba. Resolution (intention), n., ekani, 8. to make a very strong, 7'., sia e ekami (8). Respect of persons, ;/., mandangi,
pi. 7-

nsodiodio,
;/.,

lubanzu,

10.
7/./.,

Respected,
ta(exalted),

be,
v.i.,

7/./.,

zita.

Remove

soft,

sticky stuff,

kundalala, tunda-

mpula.

lala.
v.i.,

Renewed, be, va (12).

nungunukina
7/./.,

Respectful (courteous), ., -afuka. Respectfully, to hand or receive,

Responsible
under koko, App. for, be or undertake to be, 7/,, lama, make, for, sia e kiyekwa (5) kia;
see

^ENT

(let

out on hire),

sompeka.

(hire), v,t.,

sompa.
v.t.^

Repeat
(e

(an instruction),

kunka

diambu,

7).
7/.,

over

&

over again,

landulula.

sia e

mbebe.
., mbebe, kiyekwa, 5.
2.

Repent, v.i., vilukwa ntima (4). Repetition, ;;., nkumbuluka, 2. Reply, ;/., ndandu, 2 he could make no reply to what I said to him, kavwidi dio ndandu ko edi imvovese.
;

Responsibility,
(charge), .,

habit of throwing responsibility up-

on
Rest,

others,

mavenga,
vo
i

pi. 8.

for the (finally), for

maka.
//.,

Resting-place
eboko,
8.

travellers,

in antiphonal song,
.,

7/./.,

yakulula.

nyaku, 4. room for, 7/./., zengeneka, yengeneka, tungika. Report to, v.t., samwina. (reputation), evil, n., lutumbuku,
leave no
10.

n., mpiaviana (2) a ntima (4), mpiaviani, 2. Restored to health &: vigour, be, 7'./., sakumuka.

Restlessness,

Restrain,

7/./.,

kindika,
{passive),
;

ningika,

dingika.

good,
a

lusanisinu, 10. of good, n., ezina (8) diambote.

7/.,

Resurrection

lufutumu10.

man

nkwa

(i)

ki, 10 (Bako.)

lufuluku,

Retail
sell,

(dry measure goods), adv.^ e

(2).

(copy), ., nkutubandu, 2. Repudiate, 7/./., vakula nkalu (4). Require, 7/., zolesela. Rescued, be, v.i., vuka (Bako.). Resemblance,;/., fwani-fwani, 6.

Reproduction

nzongela
7/.,

zongela.

(liquids), adv., e
sell, v.,

mbukwila
(2).

(3).

bukwila.

(flesh), adv., e
sell,
7'.,

mbakila

bakila.

Ret-Rol

788

Retail, continued. by linear or superficial measurement, ad%>., e ntendela (2).

sell, v.,

Right,
it

cojitinued.

all right,

adv., e vie

(pi. 6).
(pi. 8).

will

be or\s, kia matondo

right, v.,

Retain

tendela. in possession (" stick to

tatidila.
ezita,
8.

be in the
"),

nunga
a.,

(Bako.).

(correct,

proper),

-ansongi,

7/./.,

-akosi, -avimpila.

Retaining fee, n., Retreating (of

hand
a.,

side of anything,

n.,

nene, 12
of,

the

forehead),

to

the right

hand

side

kuna

Return,
7/.Z.,

-akofoka. a, n., vutudi,

lunene lua, kuna nene wa.

6.
a.,

-alunene, -anene.

kala (Bako.). go and return quickly,

nkuluki.

t/.z.,

laka.

Returning some
the

other day, adv., e

same day, e mputuki. Reveal, v.t., sengomona, selola. Revelation, n. {ad.), lusengomono,
10.
(/rti^j-.),

on the, adv., kuna lunene. and proper, to do what is, 7>., tomesa. a right to, ., nsongi, 2 {with the you verb in the applied form) have no right to enter my house, kuna ya nsongi a kotela muna nzo ame ko. Righteousness (in actions), ;/., nso;

lusengomoko,
adv.,

10.

Revengeful
Reversed,

feelings, n.,

lutima,

10.

ngi, 2. the principle

(legal),

lunima-nima.

of, unsongi, ndungidi, 2.

12.

good and bad are the opposites of each other, yo wete yo bi lunima-nima. Revive (restore to vigour and life),
v.t.,

Rigid, a., -antintibidi. Rigidity, n., ntintibidi, 4Ring (as a bell), v., kuba. (circle), n., zongolo,6 nkongolozi, 2.
;

sakumuna.
v.i.,

(recover),

vtlka (Bako.), vatuv.,

muka.
(some old question),
ziatola
betters.
;

yangumuna,

not used of or to one's

rapid,
v.i.,

ndambi, 2. ornamental, metal, ngondo, 2. Ripe, be, v., yeboka, kola. Rise (as leavened dough), 7/./., funa. from (a seat), v., telama vana.
(finger, &c.), n.,

(of the stars), v.,

deka.

Revolution, be in mu zuwana.

kala

to the surface, v.,

tongomoka, tu-

mbuluka.
zuwana.
v.i.,

Revolve
(in

rapidly,

v.i.,

(of the tide),

7a/.,

zala.

a perpendicular position),

Risk,

v.,

kaya.

nimba.
Cin opposite directions as wheels in

contact,

endless

bands, &c.),

vd., volozioka.

Road, a broad, n., mvulela, 4to make a mark on the ground to show the road taken (to help stragglers), v., tenda e nzila (2).
point where
2

Reward,
v.,

n.,

nsendo,

4-

roads
6.

branch,

.,

senda.

bunda-mpambu,
vutudi,
6.

(return), n.,

Roam

(prowl), v., lasa,

vema.

Ribs, skeleton of the (complete

position), n.,

&

(wander), vuvuta, bembela.

volongonzo, 6
10. 12.

Roar,

?i.,

ekumbu,

8.

Riches,

n.,

lusalu,

(as the fire

or blast furnace), vd.,

(richness), n.,

umvwama,

Ridicule (laugh at), v.t., kiekielela. Ridiculous, become, be, vd., tumpalala.

yidima. Roast, vd., babula.

Rock
Roll,

(not detached

rocks),

;/.,

nse-

nzele,

a-

Right,

be, vd., songa.

any parcel or

packet

done

(789)
continued, iLL, up shape
in

Rol-Rus

as a

roll,

;/.,

mu-

ngonga,

3-

Roof,

;/.,

mwanzu,
App.

Root

(origin, base),
8,

(Mboma). see ezuku, n.

;

Rudely, to enter, 7/.,kuniunga [refl.). Rudeness, see tununu, 6, App. Rudiment, //., ezuku, 8. Rule, general (grammar, &c.), .,
nkiku,
4.

(regulations),
7/.,

mina,
i

pi. 3.

up or out (by handfuls),

Roi'E,
w.,

yaba.
?'.,

with a firm hand,

v.t.,

boselela.

mfumvu,

2.

Ruler,

.,

nyazi,

&

4.

Ror and swarm

komoka.

with maggots,
tete,
;;.,

(one in authority),

;/.,

mungwizi,

3.

Rummage
/;.,

(search),

vd.,

satulula,

Ro TATION

(turn),

6.

sandulula.

Rotten, something,
n.,

wolezia, 6. thing that goes to pieces at a touch,

12.

Run,
at

7/.,

kwaka, toteka.
v.,

etampala, 8. RO'lTENNESS, ;;., UWOlezia, Rotting, a., -anwodi.

utmost speed, ngina. away, 7/./., kungumuka.

one's

vani-

(escape secretly),

7/./.,

bubumuka.

Round (around), adv., e kinzieta, muna nzinguluka (2). about, prep., muna nzinguluka a.
about,
be,
v.,

down
(of

(of liquids),

t/.z.,

voloma.

something
fast,
7/.,

great), vd., dikita.

(tack, in sewing), vd.,

viongoloka, viota-

very

kana.
zongolo, 6. make a, v., ziongola. the trunk (of a true), ku
hole,
;/.,

Running
power,

sumpa. kwakidila. (quickly), adv., e lunda;

lunda (6). n., nlaka

vumu

(6)

measure round the trunk, teza

they (4) a ntinu raced together, i.e., tried their running powers, batezanini
10.

Rouse,
up,
(stir

ku vumu. vd., katumuna (Bake), 7'./., katumuka (Bako.).

up as
dust,

nlaka a ntinu. n., mana, pi. 7 lumpeso, Rush, vd., lundangana.

Ruse,
v.,
;

passion, &c.),

about (be very active),

v.,

tumpa-

yangumuna. with a start, ?/./., dikumuna. 7/./., dikumuka.

Rout, v.t., tufakesa. Route, ., mwalu, 3.

tumpa.
in all directions, v.,

along,

T/.z.,

tumpa. zikumuka.
t/.z*.,

rush and bluster (as the wind),

Routed
Row,
to
n.,

utterly, be,

t/.z,,
;

tufakana.
v.,

pekomoka, vekomoka. start up and rush at, vd., vulumukina.

mbangu,

take one's

4 nlolo, 4. place in a row,

yika
all in

mbangu.
in

a row, adv., e kia-kia.

all

put

a row,

v.,

kialumuna,

kiatumuna. RowDv, ., wuya, 6. Rub a part of the body

itches), v., finta.

ngungula-ngungula, 2. wind or rain, t/.z'., vikuka. Rustle (as the jungle when a man or large animal forces his way
(flow),
;z.,

violently, of

through
(as

it), v.,

fofota.

when

it

(as leaves in the wind), vd.,

puku-

hard on

(grind), v.t.,
(foolish

fwenka.
;/.,

Rubbish
nti,
talk, v.,

talk),

mambu

ma mazengele
2.

ngonde, mfwa-

tiswa, pukuta. and sway about as the branches of a tree (when animals are moving about in them), t/.z., vwa-

mvwana.
see

folokosa.
7/./.,

Rude,

be,

tununuka, App.

Sad-Sco

790

Sardonyx,
Satan,

n.,

sardonis,

2.

n. (the adversary),

Mbeni,

2,

s.
Sad, be or look, v.L, kafalala, kotama. make, v.t., kafidika, koteka.
(distressing), very,^?.,-alukendalalu.

Satan.

Satisfaction
of,
//.,

after a

good meal, sense

2.

nzengele,
7/./.,

Satisfied, be,
sanana,.

sunanana, da-

be (dull, pensive), v.L, futalala. make, ?/./"., futidika.

Safe and sound,

be,
v.i.,

adv., e Tikiti-nkiti

Satisfy, v.t., suninika, dasidika. Satyriasis, ;/., lonzo, 10. Savage, a., -ayezi (pi. 5). Saviour, ;/., kangi, 6.

nsangu-nsangu.

Sawdust,
Say,
v.,

;/.,

vesona ya

nti, pi. 6.

VUka (Bako.), VOdoka. a., afika ye kamba. Safety (from danger), ;/., luvnvamu,
10.

ta (Bako.), totola (a woman's word) ziotola, not used of or

;

to one's betters.

says, said (he, &c.),

;/.,

(security),

fika

(6)

ye

kamba

(6).

said

Nlemvo,

will

for. i...wau come, okala

;

Sag, v., fumbalala. cause to, make, fumbidika. Said, it is, see wa ele nkutu.

vo kadi, i Nlemvo wau, kwiza nkwiza said he, i yandi wau.

;

have nothing
v.i.,

to say for one's

self.

Sail (start), v.i., nengoka. Sailor, ., mumpambala,

Salt, be
(of salt),
.,

3.

tungama, yenganana, nganana.

into (one's) ear, v., longesela

ze-

7/./., see tua, App. -atompodia. Salutation, ., ekaya, 8 emiangana, 8 (of women). Salute with a blessing, 7/./., sambula.

muna

without,

kutu

(9).
v.t.,

over and over again,

ziotolola,

not used of or to ones betters. that is to say, i sia VO, i sia zaya
vo.

Salvation
Same,
see

{act\

n.,

luvukusu,

10

(Bako).
also a-,

not to say that, ke sia ko vo.

under -mosi App.

&

okumosi,

(of things compared), dia.U adimosi.

time, at the, adv.,

while. ..at the

oku mpe.
time, wau...

same

oku mpe.
In the

v.t., vovesa, samwina, zingwila. Scamp, ;/., baza,, 6 tuzu, 6 tma, 6. Scarce, a., -ampava. Scarcely... to, v.t., see under lendakesa, App.

to,

just

same way, just the same, okumosi, e de (6). the same with (ya, ye or)

adv.,

Scarecrow,
Scatter,
nisa.

n.,

sisa, 6.

in all directions, v.t.,

tenda-

yo...

una nkutu
under una.

see

K.-Eng. App.

of shot,

7/./.,

baza.

Scattered
;

condition, in a, adv.,
(4),

Sample, ., pwa-meso, 6. Sand, ., kinyengese, 5 (Bako.)

nyenge,
5

mwangu
kifar

mwangani
numbers,

(4).

and wide
7'.,

in great

be.

(Bako.).

sanzana.
?'./.,

Sand-martin, ., volo, 6. Sandstone, ., etadi (8) dia esenge. Sapphire, n., safire, 2. Sarcastic manner, ;/.,nsendomona, 2. to speak in a, v., vova e nsendomona (2), sendomona. Sard, ;/., sardi, 2.

in all directions, be,

Scent

(hunting term),

n.,

tendana. kiundu, 5.

(natural to

human beings), mvuku, 2.

Schism, n., mpambula, 2. Scold, v.t., boma (Bako.), baza.

(speak angrily, loudly),
see also
v.,

badila;

VOvesa, App.

L
Scout,
;/.,

791

Sco-Ski
;

LDiNG, HCOLDIN*

//., lubalumukmu, 10. Scope to, give, ?'., sila e nzila (2). Scorn, ., lutunu, 10 (Hako.). 7/./., ttma (Bako.), vweza (liako.),

Secrecy, ., mfundu, 2 bubidi, Secret (something kept secret), mfundu, 2.

a.,

6.
//.,

yeza. Scornful remarks,

;/.,

ntiangu,

2.

-akinswekaiuena, -akinsweki, -ambumba. keep (a matter), 7'./., volokela, (c

-amfundu,

Scoundrel, ;/., .ur rascal. Scourge, vJ., zwabula, vizula.

v.f.,

senga, laya.
(pi. 6).

nsengi, 2. Scowl, with a, a<i7'., e koyo

off (something
7K/.,

diambu, 7). Secretly, ^^7'., ku mfundu (2), ku bubidi (6), ku kinsweki (5), kuna beko (6).
Sect,
.,

Scrape, 7/./., kwempa(Kib.=vempa).

which has adhered), kona. kuluta. claws or nails, kwatika
t'./.,

Section

vaudi, 6. (of anything

;/.,

built *>/

made

Scratch,
with

kikwa, 5. Secure, be, stand, 7/./., kindama. be very', 7'./., silama, kuzama.
in sections),

(e

nzala).
(the surface),

make, vJ., sidika, kuzika, siamisa, siamikina, siamitma, kindika.

kwanza (Bake),
6.
;

(mark), ,, kwalati,

Securely,
;

aek/.,

ngi

(2)

ngwi

Screen, w., ngumbu, 2 kubu, 6 nkakidiswa, 2. from, v./., kika (0 meso, pi. 7). Scream, 7/./., yabala, yayakiana.

(2)

e tele

(pi. 6).

Security, paid
decision
is
2.

into court

before a

given,

//.,

ntela,

nkiedi,
(sureness),
(6).

Scrupulously

to

avoid

anything

;/.,

fika

(6)

ye

kamba

dirty, v., tintila.

Scrutinize, vJ., ziongola. Sculptor, ;/., nsemi, i & 4.

Sedate,

be, v.i.,

fumina, fumana.
u.,

Sediment
(muddy),

(of wine, &c.),

;/.,

ebo,

8.

Scum, ., ebo, 8. Scurrilous, a., see -esutu & -a usutu. Sea, n., mtwu, 3 (pi miuwu). Search, far and wide in all directions, 7/./., veyana.
road or track), 7'./., tota. (overhaul, examine), 7>., sanda (Zom(for a

mvunzu,

2.

Seduce, 7/./., biondomona, bendomona, biangumuna, away a man's wife as a set off
against a debt be owes,
see lender pela,
7'.,

pela;

A pp.

bo) sata.

Seduction, ;/., lubiondomono, 10 lubiangumunu, 10.

(rummage),
liila.

7/./.,

satulula, sandu-

See

(find), v.t.,
7/.,

ziongola.
e

plainly,

mona

mpenza

(2).

Searching, a, ;/., mpava, 2. Season, n., see sungi, 6, A pp. (for certain things), //., mbingu,
early rainy,
time),
for
/i.,

Seed, ;/., mbongo, 2 {sing. only). husk unbroken but empty through
2.

atrophy,

;/.,

ebefele,

8.

kianzu,

(sowing-

game,
10.

S:c.,

a close,

//.,

lukandu,

hot,

nsungi

(2)

unhealthy,

.,

a kala (6). nlanda, 4.

7'./,,

(of a condiment), Seat, ., fongo, 6.

tua muna.

Seedlings (for transplanting), //., mpuza, 2 {sing. only). Seeing, that^ conj.., wau kina vo,wau kinana vo. Seek, 7/./., sanda (Zombo), sata. Segment, of anything made up of segments, ;/., kikwa, 6.
Seize, 7aA, yimba. by force, with violence, upon,
7/./.,

Second,

sekonde, 2. (a proposal), 7/., yikesa.

.,

7/./.,

bumba.

bwidila (Bako.).

Sel-Sha
Seldom,
adv.,

792)
Set, cofttinued. in a position, vd., sikidika.
I

tutu

(6)

kiatunda-

nganl.

Select, t/./., dimbuna, ta. Self-control, ?/., volo, 6.

cause, help to exercise,
exercise, vololoka.
?/.,

be, vd., sikalala.

up, vd., sikidika.

be,
v.i.,

vololola.
\

sikalala, dongalala.
v.,

Settle
j

(fix),

konkota, kuma,

si-

lack

of,

;;.,

yingalu,

pi. 5.
|

kana.
(a matter), v., lekola.
I

Self-sown,

., -amakunda, -akimbenena. Selfishness, n., mvula, 4Sell, at a low (price), v.t., bufa.
;/.,

Settled, be
vd.,
(fixed), a.,

well (long established)^

koba.
-esika-sika.

'

Selvedge,

bayi

Sena TOR, //., sec Send after or behind,

alone (of a person),

a kindele. nkuluntu (2), App.

(2)
7/./.,

Severe, be, towards, v., ziatalala. become very (of a disease), v.Ly
[e

landesa.

kimbevo
;

(5

ki-)]

koleka.

v.t.,

tuma.

(Bako.)

kukolela, kuluka.
10.

in charge of some one, ?'./., twika. a messenger, v., sia e utumwa (2). (things),
7/.,

fidisa.

Severity, n., luziatalalu, Sex, female, 77., kento, 6. male, kiyakala, 5.

up very

far

away,

v.i.,

pemona, pu(2),
12.
2.

Sexual

intercourse

together,

have,,

muna.
Senior, ;;., Seniority,
see
;z.,

vd.,

vukana.

nkuluntu
kuluntu,

App.

Shackle

(by which a prisoner is fastened to his keeper), n., kimpa(Bako.),

Sense (meaning), ;/., nsosa, (wits), ;/., mamoni, pi. 8

;

diela,

7-

nga-nkanu, 5. Shade, n., kimpozi,

ki5

Senseless, a., -azengi, -a uvoso. Senselessness, ;?., uzengi, 12 uvo;

mpewa,
(Bako.).

(Bako.),

kita,

so, 12.

Sentence,
(of

n.,

nlolo,
n.,

42.

make a (as a spreading tree), v.i.y vwandangivwandangana,

ana.

a judge),
7/.,

nzengo,

give,

sia e nzengo.

Shadow,
Shaggy,
muna).

jt.,

see shade,

App.

Separate,
be, vd.,
put,

a.,

-akikaka.

be, vd., sapalala.

(from), adv., e

vaudi

(6,

Shake

(tremble), v., titila.

v.,

vauka (muna).
7/./.,

(with fear or cold),

to

(6,

ki-)

or

make,

vaula (muna).
;/.,

Separated

kikaka. vaudi, 6. Separately, ^rt'T/., vabeko, e kikaka. each, e kikaka-kikaka, -mosi-mosi (kimosi-kimosi, &c.).
position, in a, adv.^ e

ntima (4, u-) kitima. down closely (of a basket

&c.), vd., bandila.

of grain,

portion,

Shaking,
lela,

;/.,

ezakamu,

ntembe-

2.

Shame,

.,

lunsoni-nsoni,

10.

Separation, ;/., mpambula, 2. Servant, ?/., ntaudi, 2 lezi, 6. Set (before others), v.t., tumbika.
;

with, adv.,
(disgrace),

kuna
;/.,

lunsoni-nsoni.
10.

luvungu,
8. 2.

Shamefully
Shank,
Shape,
//.,
71.,

treat, vd.,

tiakidila.

be, V. mid.,
(construct),

tumbama.
7'.A,

ekolo,

tudika.

mpwa,

firmly, vd., sidika.

Share

(allotted),

?/.,

kwa,

6.

be,

7/.Z.,

silama.

(impart) out with another, vd., ka-

(food) before, vd.,

tumbikila.

wulula.

one's heart upon, see desire, p. 55. in order (arrange), v., kumpika,

Sharp,

kumpa, lumpika, ludika.

;/., ekau, -ameno. make, vd., twisa

(portion),
a.,

8.

see tua,

App.

793

Sha-Sii.
continued.
to

HAlTERED
inoka.

to atoms, be,

t>.,

weso-

Shreds,

torn

shreds,

kibakilu

Shave

the head entirely (not the whis-

bela-bela.

kers or beard),

tenda o luvasudi,6
;

nda (ic). Shed, //., nsampa,

saba,
forth,
7'./.,

Shrine Shrink

(heathen),

;/.,

vela," 6.

from,
(2).

7/.,

susa,
be,

mona

e nsu-

2 (Bako.);

sidi

6.

Shrunken

in,

v.i.,

kompoka,

bungula. Shelf, n., kianga, 5. Shelter (of boughs or grass), // lembeka, 6. (screen), ;/., nkakidiswa, 2. Sheriff, one whose duty it is to demand the execution of a murderer,
77.,

kofoka, vompoka, wotoka. Shudder, v., to (6, ki-) or ntima (4, u-) kitima, kankamwa e nitu
(2), titila.

n.,

ewawa,
in

8.

Shut

or up by, be,

v.,

bambamena^
;/.,

Shuttle-stick, weaver's,
2
;

adorga,
;/.,

mbamba,
of

mpu-

munongo,

(Zombo).
12.

nga,

2.

Shyness on
out

the part of children,

(refractoriness
be,
7'./.,
!),

Shift

aside,

vengomona
countered),

way, ?/./., en(something vengeka (somethe

umbiu
Sick of

(a thing),

tukumu-

kwa.
Side, on every, adv., anizid, anazie^
the other,
;?.,

thing which one has).

7'./.,

vengama, vengomoka.

mpiluka,

2.

Shin, ;;., ekolo, 8. Shine, as a spark or as a small point of light, 7'., deka. [be bright, of the daylight (kuma)], 7A, tendoka.
brightly,
v.t.,

Sift,

7/./.,

tika.

Sigh, as the wind

of trees,

among the branches

pukuta.

7/./.,
;/.,

Sight

(seeing),

mbweno,

2.

catch sight
(pl. 6).

of, 7/./.,

mona

e kelezi
e kelezi^

yedima, semenena.
?'.,

forth (after dulness),

(glitter),
7/.Z.,

teka.
elezi-

be caught,
a great,
;/.,

7/./.,

moneka
;

Shining
Shiver,

niania. with splendour, a

titila.
%>.,

mona-meso, 6
5.

kimona-

meso,
in sight of

lezi.
7'.,

each other, adv.,

(pl. 7).

ma-

mbonani
e

Shoot

(spring up),
a,
7'.,

send up

wuta

vasumuka. nsanga (2).

cassava

Short, cut
only,

in short pieces, of
a.,

(spectacle), see nkungi, App. Signs (by which dumb persons make themselves understood), mfu-

-awele-wele.

make

short

work of

(a thing), va.,

ndu, 2. Silence, v.t., butika

nua

(4).

fudila muna kufi (12). hot, a good, ;a, nkwa (i) sunsa
(6)
;

malangula

(pi. 9).

houli) (if), see tinder kana vo kala, App. Hour, 7/./., loka. //., boko, 6.
at derisively, v.t.,

a dead, ., eyidingingi, 8. put to (leave without a reply), 7/./. tungika, mongeneka. Silent, be perfectly, 7/./., dikalala.
be,
v.i.,

tungama, monganana.

observe a sullen, fanakana. be (stop talking, &c.), 7/./., kindama,

kumbulwila.

ningama.
make, 7/./., kindika, ningika. remain (unable ^r unwilling to speak or reply), monganana, tunga-

Show

how,

make
up,

songesela. a good show, have plenty to

7/.,

show
7'./.,

for

it,

v.t.^

totola.

see
to,

venzomona, App.
adv., e bela-bela;
it

ma.
is

Shreds,

Silver

coin,

;/.,

palata,

2 (P.

prata).

Sim-Smi
Simpleton,
Sin,
.,
//.,

794

mvudi-a-ngungTi,

4.

esoki, 8=iisoki, which

see,

Skin, folds of (in emaciated people), ;/., nketa, 4.

disease,

P- 392.

contagious, see

kinsa-

against,
(guilt),

7/.,

;/.,

sumuka. esumu, 8.
sin),
;/.,

mpala, App. Skull, ;/., valanganza,

6.
;

(unpardonable
(P.

mungadu,
kadi,

peccado?).
that), coiij.,
as,

Since (now
that
conj.^

wau

(forasmuch
vo,

seeing
vo.

that),

diadi dina vo,

;/.,

wau kina
(4).

wau kinana
ntendo
o?-

Slab, ;/., baya, 6 (P. taboa) babu, 6. Slag, piece of furnace, //., ekongwankela, 8. Slaked, to have one's thirst, 7/., utima (4 U-) bwita. Slave, ., muwayi, i see also ntau;

Sincerity,

(4)

a ntima
;

di.

Sing a chorus
v.t.^ see

in

yakulula

aiuiphonal song, a psalm or

at a grave of a great man, yinda, App. loudly, 7'., yengoloka. to the music of some instrument, z'., vovelela e esikilu (8).

ode

Slavery, ., wayi, 12 uwayi, 12. Sleep heavily, fall into a heavy sleep, v., wondoka or wonanana yo
;

sec

tulu (pi 10). throw into a dead, tulu (10).

sleep thus,
sickness,
;/.,

v.t.,

vonda

Single, a., a- prejixcd to the secondary form ^mosi he carried all in a single day, onete yawonso muna lumbu akimosi.
;

fwa tulu. makwende, manimba, pi. 9.

pi.

{in

negative

sentences

only)^

a.,

Sleeper, railway, ;/., nzadilwa, 4Sleeping-place, ;/., leko, 6. Sleepless, be, v., kayiwa or kawa

wonso

he did not say a single

meso
Slice,

(pi. 7).
;/.,

word, yandi kavovi

diambu
5.

Sleeplessness,

iikawa-meBo,

4.

wonso.

., sele, 6.

Singular

(number),
a.,

;/.,

kimosi,

in the, adv., e

kimosi.
load,
?'.,

(strange),

Sink

to the

-ampimpita. ground under a fwankalakana.

7/./,,

Sling, netted, in which a calabash is carried, ?/,, nselwa, 4. Slip away, v.i., sunuka. Slope of a roof, &c., ., nkunka, 4. a steep dangerous, ;/., ngengo, 2.

utterly (overwhelmed),

sinka.
v.i.^

Sip up

(last

drops

left in

a vessel),

wunzulula. Sister {used by or of the opposite sex only), //., nsanga, 2. Sit carelessly so as to expose one's self, v.i., venanana, vananana.
in council, v.,

Slow, a., -akomboka. Slowly, go, v., komboka. wear away, 7/./., komoka. Small, a., -abuzie (Bako.).
be, grow, v.,

keva.

cut in small pieces, of cassava only

a.,

-awele-wele.

vwanda

mfulu

(2).

v.t., lalamena. up all night, v., kielwa. up late, 7/./., yididilwa, tougamena. Situation, fine, //., kiudi, 5 (Bako,). Skewer, ;/., nsomo, 2.

(on eggs),

Smashed up, od., tafakana. Smear on thickly, 7/./., leba.

thinly, vd.,

Smell,

vianga. nukuta. of the steam of hot food,

vd.,
(pi.

;;.,

mufu, 3
;

Skill,

;/.,

ndwenga,
;/,,

2 {generally pi).

in one's craft, fuzi, 12.

(professional),

umfuzi,

I2.
at,
;/.,

miufu). the sense of, n., ndukana, 2 ndu^ kuta, 2. Smite with something great or with
sickness,
strike,
7/.,

done

without any attempt

buma

see

also

-afwatiku-fwatiku.

App.

795

S mi-Sou
(only), a.,

Smithy,
lO.

.,

Invu, lo (Bako.)
?'./.,

lunga,
o

Sole

-ampivi.

Smoke, make a, mwisi (3).

fita, fita

Snack
!

of food
n.,

eaten before

meal-

Solitariness (of places only), /;., kinzunga, 5 sombe, 6. Solitary (of places only), ^/.,"-a8omb, -akinzunga.
;

mbela-mbela, 2. Snap inicrj., twe, balanganza. (of something small), 7'./., twengona. in two, v.f., kendona. the finger & thumb, ?'., sika kindokela (5, 13ako.), sika e kinsansa (5).
time,
in two,
7'./.,
tS:

(drear), a.,

-angidi-nginza.

Some,

see

wonso, App.

minguna.
in

day or time or other, (uh>., e tandn mvu wonso, oku kukwiziwa. one whose name one docs not care to mention (if a young man), //., netoko, i. thing as above, salamesa, 6. Son, see also wuta, App.

pull

snap zuzuna.

two,

dnduiia,
v.,

Soon

after (after a while), adv.,

okn

Snatch away muna.

Sniff,
7/.,

with violence,

vuzu...,

swena, sweta.
be,

soon after he went, ntu oku se ntu, wele kwandi. to, 7'., sa, 7'. aux. we siiall soon go, tusa kwenda.
se
; ;

(when disgusted with a nasty smell), v.i., vunguzioka. Snore, v., sa ngozi (Bako.). Snoring, //., ngozi, 2 (Bako.). Snuff, 7'., sweta, swena. So, to be, 7/., -ina una, kala una are you so foolish ? nga uzowa
;

come, go, do, =vika).

(a child),

7/.,

vuka

(Bako.

Sooner Soothe

(rather), adv., vezi.

7/./.,

bonda
(i

(Bako.),

weno wina una ?

so or
1

wondeleka. Sorcerer, ., mvandi ndu. Sorcery, ., mpandu,

practise, v.,

&

4)

a mpa-

2.

is

it

so that, edi
it,

kamba vo
J

so you bought

did you

edi

Sore,

;/.,

vanda mbenza, 2.

mpandu.
kwayala. ma mbala,

kamba vo osumbidi kio ? long ^.s..., sec yavana, A pp.

^

be (of the throat), Sorghum, ;7.,masa

?'./.,

(pi. 7)

(if only), see

only,

if.

mbala,
wingi,
ingi,

2.

much, hard, App.

that, cofij.

well, that, see

to say or speak, i

yavana; see also vova VO.

Sorrow, n., nienge, 4. Sorrowfully, adv., kuna nkendankenda {with applied form of
the verb).

Soft, be (as of fine textures), 7'., lelema. and green (of corn), a., -antwenia. be (limp, not stiff), 7a, tukuka.
(tender, fragile),
thing,
;/.,

Sort, Soul,

;/.,

mpwa,

2.
;

fulumunu, 6 (Bako.) wumunu6 (Bako.) fulumwinu,

.,
;

vumwinu,

6.

-etwenga. etwenga.
a.,

Sound
7'./.,

(that

which our ears perceive),

2.

;/.,

mpuku-vuku,
,

be

in

a soft

&

sticky condition,

a great, see eyokosa, App.

(healthy, good), a

tampwa. Soften by placing

vundika.
by rubbing kuna.
Soil, rich,
;/.,

in

water,

7'./.,

of something moving,

make
the hands,
v.,

such,

7'.,

-avimpi. ., nsonsa, sia nsonsa.

tiantisa.

4.

in

tu-

(a trumpet),
7/.Z.,

7/./.,

tianta.
(giving a ringing sound),

ntoto

(4)

andia.
8.

Sounding
a.,

Soldier,

w.,

ebamba-ngolo,

-angenge.

Sou-Spo

796)
ezuku,
2. 8,

Source

(basis), n., see

;/.,

App.

Spent

in vain, a.,

-angofwila.

(cause),

ntondo,

Sourness, w.,iisa, 2(Bako.); ngani, 2. South, ;/., sud, 2 (Fr. sud). Sow. self-sown, a., -amakunda, -akimbenena.

Sphere, ;/., bulungunzu, 6. Spherical, a., -abulungunzu. Spike made of sharpened pieces of mbasa buried in the ground.
point upwards, to pierce
feet of trespassers

the

in gardens.
;?.

Spare

(save), v.t.,

vukisa.
Spill,

&c., n.,
v.t.,

esomba,

8,

(protect),

kankana.

vongomona, vongola.

Sparkle, w., niania. Speak; v.y totola (a woman's word).

against...,
(angrily),
to,
v.t.,
?/.,

pongola.

Spin

loosely, v.t., laba.

sia...e

diambu

(7).

Spirit, .,fulumunu, 6 (Bako.)

7/./.,

balata.
;

munu,
vovesa,
;

(Bako.)

wuvumwinu.
;

badila
vJ.,

see also

App.
highly
of,

6 fulumwinu, 6. Spiritual nature, ., umwanda,

12.

sensemeka.
v.t.^

&
a.,

characteristics, n.,
5-

kimwanda.
-a

insolently

about,

tiala, tia-

nguna.
in very low tones,
of, v.t.,
7/.,

-amwanda, -akimwanda,

tola (Bako.),
7/.,

vunguta. suma, zangata.

umwanda.
Spiritually, adv., e kimwanda (5). Spirt, v.t., tialumuna. mete (pL Spit upon, v.t., vuma
8).

of or about,

ziotola {not used of

or to
over

ofte's betters).

&

over again, ziotolola, as

above.
privately, secretly, in a whisper
7/./.,

Spite,

n.,

to.

against, have,
in spite of
in
all,

lutongeneko, 10. v.t., tongeneka.

adv., e
fact

longesela.

nkaya-kaya.
that

sarcastically, v.l,

sendomona, vova
(2).

spite

of the

conj.y

nsendomona
v.t.,

kufwila owu...ko.

scornfully,

tianguna.

Splash about
v.,

(as water

when

carried),

to (a fetish), v., vovelela.

(unadvisedly, what you afterwards

dukinga, dukunga. Splashing sound, make, v., dikinga.

wish

had been
(e

left

unsaid).

Splendour,
Spoil
sela.

;/.,

elezi-lezi,
v.t.,

8.

lutisa or lutakesa or sunda-

(destroy),

fwasa, vonde-

kesa
without
out),

diambu,

7).

care

&

propriety

(blurt

tempa.
ngwelele-ngwe2. 2.

Speaker,
nze,

great, n.,

Species,

;/.,

mpwa,

Spectacle, ;/., mona-meso, 6; kimona-meso, 5. great public, ., see nkungi, 4, App.

bandula. v.t., pangalakesa, bwangalakesa. Spoiled, become (tarnished), 7/./., vesoka. be (so that it cannot come to completion <7rperfection), v., funga.
(mar),
v.,

(nullify),

Speech

in defence of,

ji.,

vovelo,

6.

hasty, careless,
elegant,

mambu mankwalu.
mae
adv.,

Sponge, tt., sipanzi, 2 (Eng.). Spoon, ., zawulu, 6 (Bako. =zalu). (of metal), n., ngutu, 2.
Spot,
n.,

proper, grammatical,

ekeya,

8.

mbu makosi.
Speechless (dumbfounded),

(place), fulu, 6.

on

the, adv.,

vana or VOVO

fulu,

mome
be, v.,

(6).

fwa

mome.
v.t.,

vau. where anything may be surely

(&c.)

vovo

Spend

lavishly,

pututa.

found,

.,

ezikila,

8.

797

Spr-Sta
in,
8.
;/.,

Spread

about, be (scattered), t/./., tendangiana. abroad, ? ./., sanzanisa. v.i.^ sanzana. from one to the other, ?'./., yalangana. out in great numbers, 7/., sanzana.

Stalking, skill ekoneka,

ekondeka, 8

Stammer,
Stand,
.,

7'.,

kokoma.
6.

zangikilwa,

aside (to allow

7A,

some one

to pass),

sila e nzila (2).

(occupy
cause

much
to,
?/./.,

space),

?/./.,

yala-

head downwards or upon the head, 7A/., bolama.

7^/"., boleka. high up, 7/./., zundalala, tundalala,

ngana.
yalangesa. (of things which had been heaped together), v.t., bungula.
widely,
z/./.,

knndalala.
the
point
long),
still, v.i.,

against
7/./.,

(of

sojnething

balumuna.
a.,

tutika.

Spreading
be, 7A,

(of a tree),

-anyevi.

kindama, ningama.

yeva. Spring suddenly at, t/./., vulumukina. up (as seedlings), </., tomboloka, teka. in abundance, vasumuka.

kindika, ningika. be at a loss (because of), takama (mnna), vakama (muna). & wonder, the right hand under chin or on the side of the face,
to, v.t.,

cause

attitude of perplexity,
in frightened perplexity

fumana.

Sputter &
siosia.

frizzle

in

cooking,

7/.,

&

appre-

hension,
(place),
v.i.,

7'./.,

zumbalala.

Spy,
//.,

n.t.,

lay a, senga. nsengi, 2.

v.,

up suddenly, adv.^ kankuka.

7/./.,

sikidika.

Squander,

fumba, pntuta. S(,)UANDERING ways, //., nlungUlungu,

4.

sikalala.
(of comparison),
2
;

Standard
ndu,

;/.,

mba8.

nonga-nonga,
;/.,

6.

Square, the great, of a town, ntanda-ndembo, 4 mbazi

;

.,

(2)

Standing (position), Start (begin to go),

App.

esiku,

7/./.,

see londola,

.,
rt.,

a ekongo, eboko, 8. kare, 2 (Fr. carre).

-akare.

(begin to do), toteka.

a dispute,
v.i. (of
7/.,

v.,

leka e
7'./.,

mpaka

(2).

Squash, v.t., tufuna. Squat, be (low &: spreading),

talala.

many

people),

ba-

(originate),

vombola. selomona, solo-

mona, soka.
v.t.,
7/./.,

Squeak Squeal

(as
(as

a mouse), a pig),

kienga.

(of

a ship, &c.),

7/./.,

nengoka.

kwinga,
v.t.,

up and rush

off, 7a/.,

dikumuka.
7/./,,

winga.

(with pain, fright, shock),

kitu-

Squeeze through
fiunununa.

a small hole,

muka.
Startle,
7/./.,

dikumuna.
v.i.,

Squirrel,
Squirt,
Stab,
v.,

n.,
8.

ebala, 8

ngondo,

Startled &
Starve,
v.i.,

run, be,

ekasa,
7/./.,

zika ye nzala

dikumuka. (2), vilwa

songa or ///. show

tialumuna. suka e mbele (2).

furlong),

e nzala.

State a

case (in court),

7/.,

Stadium (Greek
100, \

mavwata,

sia e yeleka the true facts,

clearly, plainly,
7/./.,

(pi. 5),

kia kilometa.

Stagnant, be, v.L, dikalala. Stain (colouring matter), ;/.,dima,pl.6.

Staircase, ;/., sikada, 2 (P. escada); tombokelo, 6 tombokelwa, 6.
;

kiesa.

Stationary, be, v.i., kindama. Stature, ;/., utiangi, 2. Statute.s, ., mina, pi. 3.
1

Sta-S'ir
Stay,
(for
t/.?.,

798

kindama.

Still, continued.

a long time), 7'., zinguluka. for a while, v.i.^ wunda.

n.,

maza; others are still akaka bakini yo moyo.

keep,
I

alive,

nangu,
v.t.,

4-

-'.t.,

kindika.

(support), n.,

nsimMninu,
(Bako.)-

2.

Steal,

yemba

Stealthily go, move, ?'., koniboka. Steering (of a ship), the, 7;., ebindiku,
8.
of,

kindama. Sting, n., nswa, 4 (Bako.) ba, 6 nanga, 4 (Bako.) (Bako.)

v.i.,
;

nsoso,

4-

Stinginess,

manner

6. Step, //., Steps, ;/., sikada, 2 (P. escada); tombokelo, ^ tombokelwa, 6. Stere, n., stere, 2 meta mosi akube. Sterile, see nzimba & nlomba, App. Stick far out, and only be held by the
;
; ;

mbindika, 2. tenso, 6 kunda,

., bwimi, 12 (Bako.). Stingy person, n., mbaba, 4. Stinking condition, in a, adv., e bokoto (pi. 6). Stir (move), v.i., sonsola.

extreme end,
in

?'./.,

(cause to pierce),

zananaua. ?'./., sumika,

someka.
(one's

head a

little
?'./.,

or hole),

way out of a door lumbidika.

see

ziungasa (Bako.). up (rouse), v., yangumuna. Stirred, be, v.i., ziungana (Bako.). Stitch of basting, Jt., esumpu, 8. Stock (breed), n., kuna, 12. parent or common stock from which all have sprung, n., nzimba(a pot), v.t.,

out (protrude),

vJ.y

protrude,

App.
to (retain),
(persist),
v.f.^
?'.,

kani, 2. remain long in stock, v., kunda. ku, Stocks, n., nsuku, 2 (Bako.)
;

tatidila.

6.
!

lakama, landidila;
07'

Stomach
Stone,
used
v.,

(of rat
8.

or

nsizi), n., efingi-

sec also persevere, persist.

dikiti,

(a statement

idea),

v.t.,

selo-

zuka

mokena.
upon a
stick or spike,

to death,

matadi (pi. 8). vondela muna matadi.

by sticking
7'./.,

the spike into the object,

soineka, sumika.

for crushing pepper, &:c., on another stone, ;/., nsindulu, 2 (Bako.); nikinwa, 6 nsindu, 2.
;

Stiff,

a.,

-antintibidi.
to
6,

Stop,
n.,

v.i.,

kindama, ningama.
kindika, ningika.

Stiffener
padi,

a parcel,

see padi-

cause

to, v.t.^

App.
;/.,

(cease), v.i., voza.

Stiffness

(rigidity),

ntintibidi,

4-

Stile, ., sumbuka, 6. see Still, adv., yanginu, yakinu also yet, p. 243 & App. (however), adv., see mpasi OWU. &.
;

wunda. n., ekuminu, 8. Stopping without, adv., ntusu (4). Storm, ?i., tembo, 6 (Bako.).
for a while,
v.i.,

(of punctuation),

Story,
to

n.,

lusansu,

10.

oku mpe, App.

(in protesting), co?ij.,

make
la

a long story short (proverb),

watu.
in the

mwana
circum-

(there

was no change

a kinsamuna kakampasi ko.

kaka; still there ke vakedi kaka ma kiamoyo una kina ko he was still in the house, wakedi kaka muna nzo.
stances), adv.,

was nothing

alive,

-atonga. yeva. Stow closely, v.t., bandila. Straight, a., -ansingingi, -ansinini.
a.,

Stout,

be, grow, v.,

be,

v.i.,

singanana.
singinika.

(yet) to be, v.,

kini

v.

defective,
still

make,

v.t.,

per/,

only;

some are

at

down

into the earth, adv., e

kimbo-

the water,

akaka bakini kuna

nga-nsi; dig straight down into

799

Str-Sub
n. a short narrow grass jungle, which

S'lK A

(J

1 ,

continticii.

Strip,

strip

of

the

earth,

nutima

e kimbo-

nga-nsi.
on, over, &c., adv.,

nsingamu

(4).

(of trees, shafts, &c.), a., -ansioni.

has remained untouched after a great bush-fire, swa, 6 sWanga, 6. long ditto, nlanga, 4.
;

out of the straight, adv.^

(4).

nzungu

(coloured strip sewn on the end of a

cloth),
off,
7'./.,
/;.,

babatu,
;

2.

-anzungu. S'lRAlGHTEN the sidcs of a

a.,

vuzumuna
his

they stripped

pit,

7'.,

him of

clolh,

bamvuzu4-

sonsa.

mwini
course),
a.^

nlele.
;

SiRAiciHii'ORWARD (of a -ankolomona.

Stripe,

n.,

mvibu, 4

nzila,

Strive
;

one's utmost,
v.i.,

v.,

seneta.

Straigh TNESS,
nini,
4.

71.,

nsingingi, 4

nsi-

hard,
to

siamanana, vama.

(of trees, shafts, &c.), nsioni, 4.

Si RANGE,

-ampimpita a strange affair, diambu diampimpita. Jiow strange indeed, kadi tu, se diakaka.
a.,
;

(something beyond one's power), v.t., kuvaka. together in hot discussion, 7'., bambana, zekana. Stroke (mark), ;/., kwalati, 6.

do

Stroll
j
I

about,
be,

v.,

beba

(Bako.),

kiba

this is

very (?;;/.,

it is

S iRANGER,

see

diakaka. ntangu, App.

very, se
pi. 7.

(Bako.),

Strong,
I

bembela. v.i., siamanana, vama.

;/.,

Strangle,
(artifice),

v.t.,
7/.,

fiontona.

(earnest), grow, v.L, vela-vela,

STRA'i'AGE^i,
by, ad7\,

mana,

man, a

very,

ekabu,

vavi, 6

lumpeso, 10. kuna lumpeso.

;/.,

mpami,
ekoneka,

2.

(of the voice), a.,

-abakuka.
v.t.,

(careful circumventing),;/.,

Struggle

together,

kankana.
7/.,

8 {j^eitcrnlly pL).

Stratum,
Si RAY,

kunda, 6. vuvuta. S TRENGTH, //. (active), mfunka,

//.,
7'.,

seneta. (with some great task or burden),

(violently), v.,

vanama
2.

(ye\ zekana

(ye).

(physical),
^potential),

nkuma,

4.
;

mfunka, 4

see

K.-Eng.

Stubbornness, n., lufutu, 10 (Bako.), nkumfu, 4. Stumbling-block, ti., sakuba, 6.

Stupid, be, become, v.i., bobalala (Bako), tumpalala. be, either through drink or severe sickness, v.i., dungiana. the condition or one who is so
affected, n.,

App.
(essence of meat, herbs, &c.),

mwei

ma, 3. SiRETCH, 7'./., nanumuua. SiRlCT (carefully correct), nga-nonga.

.,

-ano-

SiRiFE, ;/., nzekani, 2, Strike, v.t., kafa. (as a clock), v., kuba. a blow with, 7'./., zuba, venza,

one who
;

is

utterly,

n.

&

a.,

sec fool,
v.i.,

ndungianu, 4. ;/., efweke, 8. S:c., App.

Stutter,
Style,
I

kokoma.
4.

;/.,

mvila,

vama.
a hoe, vaba. a heavy blow, v.t., tiama. with (a stick or blunt instrument),
; I

(build),

(of

kanda, 12. make), n., ebangu,

;/., ;/,,

8. 8.

of writing,

Subject,
j

start

esoneka, or refer to
(7).

a,

nikuna e

bufuna, bufa. something great, buma.

(pat), playfully, v.,
(4).

diambu
I

Subjection
10.

(lowliness),

lusakalalu,

wanda

ntayi

be absolutely

in, v.,

bosalala.

^5UB-SUR

800

Subjects
sing.

(of a king), the,

?/.,

nsa,

4,

Support (aid), ., luambu, v., vana luambu.

10.

Submission, a goat presented in token of, ., nkombo (2) a maboko see -eboko, App. (pi. 8) Submit (treat for peace), vana e nkombo a maboko. Subsequent, see nsukinina, App.
;

give one's support to a matter,

v.t.y

nunguna
kesa.

mvungu

(4),

yi-

upon the hands with great

lelela.

care,

7/.,

Supporters
Suppose,
v.,

(of

a king),

n.,

lelelwa,6.
;

Subside

when it caves in), v.i., wotomoka. Substance, //., see mfiku, App. Subterfuge, ;/., ebungwa, 8 mpi(of earth
;

(if)

kala or -ina diau wiiat did he suppose adieyi kakedi diau? conj., kana vo kala, w///z /he
.?

ku, make a
to

2.

subj.

mood
tSr*

in reference to

t/ie

(to

concoct some story in

past

indicative

mood for

the

excuse),

lamba
of,
7/.z.,

make

use

mabungwa. vala mabungwa.

vangama.

Successful,

be,

Succour,
render,

;/.,

v.,

luambu, 10. vana luambu.

;

Such,
in

see

-ina una, App.

such a

thing, e

ma kina una.
ngyemo, 2. 71., lufwa

Suppose I had gone, would he have seen me ? kana VO kala ngyenda, nga mona kadi kumbona e ? (I,&c.), suppose, owu diakalanga; I supsee also mpangU, App. pose that he is going, owu
future.
;

such a way, adv., sec under -ingi

diakalanga kwenda kekwenda.

&
Sudden
Sue

wingi, App.
n.,

Suckling,
nku.

Sure
(10)

(dependable),

a.,

-aziku, -afika

death,

luaka(to
(10).

ye kamba.
be believed, trusted),
kizi.
to, v.,
a.,

-akwi-

for peace, v., for

lomba

luve
10.

Suffice

all, 7>.i.,

lungila.
see

be sure

ke lembi ko.
e

Sufficiency, ;/., lufwanu, Sufficiently, not, adv., yavana, App.

under
n.,

Sugar-cane, a soft, immature, efubu (8) dia munse (3).

kuzika, siamisa. kieleka kiau; see also lembwa & mpandi, App. Surface, of water only, n., nkandavery,
v.t.,

make

Surely,

adv.,

kanda,
&^c., is

4.

Suggest
5^^^^'

(a

matter),

v.t.,

selomona,

(of water, ground, &c.).

The water,
to

solomona.
\ v.i., funakana. Sullen, be, ) Sulphur, n., see elengo, App.
,

mentioned,

vana ntandu

a being sometimes prefaced

it,

but the simple mention of the water, ground, 6r-v., is gener-

Sulphuretted hydrogen, w.,biandungula,

n., 6.
5.

ally sufficient.

The
is

surface of

the ground was wet

expressed
itself

Sum
up

(total),

(add), v.,

kimbangumuna, bangumuna, tota.

//.,

by saying that

\\\Q ^xo\\x\<l

was
SO-

wet,

ntoto
level, v.t.,

ukedi e

(the point in a debate),

v.t.,

mvutu.

ngola. Summit, ;/., lusangidika,

make
10.

a smooth

kumba.

scratch the

surface of the ground

v.,

Sunken

in, be, v., vompoka, kofoka. Superabundance,

with a hoe,

buka.
10;

Superfluity,

}" nsavu,

4,

Surliness, mfu,

;/.,

lunkumfu,

nku-

4-

Supply
to,

(furnish), v.,

vambula.

Surpass

(outdo, eclipse), vd.,

vanda-

vambwila.

lala, vatalala.

8oi

SUR-TAL
(appropriate),
7/./.,

Surpass, continued.
exceedingly,
dila.
v.t.,

Take
sundidila, lutibeta.
lo.

v.t.,

lamnna.

by

force,

bumba.

(have,

do more),
of,
?/.,

v.t.^

care of (a living creature or something moveable), v.^ lunga-

Surprise (blank), ;/.,luzengeneko,

utter cries

lunga.
in things put into the

kululuka, kumba. Surrounding country, ;/., zunga, 6

;

sun to

air or

warm, yanuna.
a large piece (of something),
v.t.^

mvivu,

4.

Surroundings
Survey,
7/./.,

(environment),
;

.,
5.

yengomona.
very
little

iizinguluka, 2

kinzieta,

at

a time,

7/,/.,

debola,

Swallow

laya, senga. with one gulp or whole,

dekola.
v.t.^

much,

kiubula, kiutula.

tuta,

Swallowed up, be, v.i., sinka. Swamp (muddy place), ntabala, 4. Sway (about as water when carried),
//.,

much, 7/./., WTinga, duda, vudidila, puta, pututa.

plenty, too

the habit or act of taking too or very much, ;z., vudidi,

ofif

much
6.

7/.,

dukinga, dukunga.
.,

outer casing, upper part of a pile

Swaying,

ntembelela,

2.

Swear (an oath), v., bindumuka, bindumuka e ndofi (2).

at, v.t.,

or heap or one's outer garments or anything tensama, 7/,, tensola.

off the surface,
7/./.,

duka.

see lalllla,

falsely, v.,

fumba

e ndofi

(2).

out (of something in which

it

App. was
t/.A,

Sweet,

be,

t/.z.,

see tua,

App.
7

encased
lengesokola. up and carry

or

embedded),
at

(as sugar), a., -anzenzo.

Sweetheart,
zia, 6.

.,

diabonda,
4.

away
7/./.,

once without

Sweetness,

;/.,

nzenzo,

Swell up

thing dried,

somewhich has been well soaked), 7/.z., funduluka.

to its original size (as
7/./.,

kiknla. up & carry on or through some enterprise or take up some refrain or song, yakulula. one who does so, ;/., ngyaku, 2
;

remark,

Swerve,
Swim,

tikumuka.
7/.,

v.i.,

loba.

(as a fish),

beba

(Bako.),

kiba

nyakuludi, i S: 4. up by the end, 7/./., zaninika. (something which is very

as

long,
7/./.,

(Bako.).
j

rope,

snake,

&;c.),

Syllable, ., kibale, 5. in or by syllables, adv.^ e kibale.

with,
(2)
;

langnmuna.
up with, v., kusia muna. upon oneself, 7/.z., yakama.

Sy mpathise ^^B mpasi

I

v.t.,

tantilwa...e

see also

IV
^^

yambana,

Talent,

;z.,

lue,

pi.

6;

ndwenga,
;z,,

App.

pi. 2.

Sympathy, ;/., see under ngyambani & yambana, App. Synagogue, ;z., esambilu, 8 (dia
Ayuda).

Talent

(biblical weight),

talanta,

(ezitu dia

vimpa ya

tadi).

Talented, be, 7/., luengoloka. Talk, constantly, 7/.z., kwaya.

empty, senseless
talk, .,

*
Tablet,
;?.,

malaza,
pi, 8.

T.
babn,
6.
7/./.,

pi.

mawulumuna,
of, v.t.,

favourably

sanisa.

Tack
Tail

(in

sewing),

sumpa.

on endlessly, 7/./., tialumuna.

rubbish or uselessly,

bwasumuna,
7/.,

feathers of a bird set

up as a trophy ^rtaii of a fish,7z.,vezo,6.

folokosa.
a.,

Talkative

(full

of chatter),

-ampi-

3 F

Tal-The
Talkative,
di.
co7itiniied.

802

ntudi, -ampintuludi, -ambiobe, pintula, pintulula, biola.

i & 4 mpi4 mbiodi, i & 4Talkativeness, ., nzoko-zoko, 4. Talked of, be much, v.i., kumba, yaya.

child, w.,

mpintudi,
I

ntuludi,

&

Tease, v.l, tuntanisa. Tell, to, v.t., samwina, ta (Bako.). all the details minutely, 7/./., tapututa, kumbulula. off to a duty, 7/., suma. Temperance, n., volo, 6 tunn, 6.
;

Temperate, be, v., vololoka, tuna. Tempt, 7/., tambidila see nkanu, p.
;

380.

Tall

person,

.,

etiangi,
tall,

8.

straight tree, or

thin

man,

n.,

ndiokololo,

4-

&

thin, a., -ansioni.

Tempted, be (to do something which one knows to be wrong), v.i.^ vungidilwa see K. App. Tender, soft, ., -etwenga.
;

fruit, ;/., nsakabadi, 2. nsakabadi, 4Tame, be, v., lembalala. Tan leather, 7/., tovola nkanda (4). Tantalization, //., nsondi, 2 (Bako.). Tantalize, 7/., ta nsondi (Bako.)

Tamarind
tree,

thing,

.,

etwenga,

8.

mercy,

;/.,

ngemba
;

(2)

angudi,
12.

(Bako.)

walakazi,

Tenderly,

touch, handle (when examining something very fragile or painful), v., wimza.

tekela e ngengo

(2).

Tap,

w.,

kakilwa,
;

6.
n.,

Tense, be, t/.z., nanama. Termination, n., nsiln,

evesoka,

4-

Tarnished
8

appearance,
pi. 6.

Terms

of peace,

.,

mpanga

(2)

kuku,
v.,

nngndi
with,
?),
7/.,

(12).

become,
a.,

vesoka.

be on good (agree

-eveso.

well), 7/., bakana. kala kumosi ye.

Taro, coco yam (colocasia (4) a elanga (8).

mvindi

Terrible,
what a

a.,

-ansisi.

something,

;/.,

tema,

6.
!

Tarry

(be long),

v.,

zinguluka.

terrible thing
(4)

interj.,

nki-

(stay),

wunda.

Tartness, .,nsa, 2 (Bako.); ngaTn*,2. Task, have a very laborious,^?/., le-

a ntima (4) kikilu nkitimisu (4) a ntima kikilu

timu

Terror,
Test,
.,

;/.,

nsisi, 2.
;

ngana
Taste
(for), .,

(ye).
5.

ntonto, 2

ntonta
;/.,

(a test-

(appetite), n., kinzola-nzola,

ing), 2.

nlaku, 4

(a).
2.

Testament
8
(will),
;

(covenant),
4.

ekangu,

delicious, n.,

ngwenzo,

nkangu,

(a tasting),

ngyeleka,

2.

a very

little, 7/./.,

leveta.
watery),
?/.,

Testis,

nkanda (4) a efwa. n., mbanga, 2.

Tastelessness (too mbuyu-buyu, 4. Tatter, ., nlanzi, 4.

in rags

Than,

rather than, more than, adv., kemu...ko. Thanks, ;z., matondo, pi. 8 ntondo,
;

& tatters, a., -anlanzi-nlanzi.

well, be, v., via.

4.

Taught
Tax,
w.,

with many, adv.,

kuna matondo.

vaku,
well,

12.

That,

Teach

7/./.,

visa.

That

^^^

mpangu

or sia

is

to say,

Teachable, be, 7/., longaka,-na. Teaching, ., nlongi, 4. Tear, v., kaza.

off

or

samuna

or -ina vo, App.

(saying that), pron., e

kisamuna
vovo

a piece,

v.,

zazuna.
fill

zaya vo or sia vo or sia vo. vo or vo

;

Tears, have tears kinsanga (5,

one's eyes,

7/.,

Then

(next,

after

that), conj.,

mba
;

ki-)

yengela.

(Bako.),

mbangi

(Bako.)

8o3

The-Thk
v.,

[EN, continued.

Think,

bala.

mbangi
after

mbengi

see also za,

App. an interrogation^

see VO,

App.
ele

{impatient),

utu
;

(Bako.), tu, vntu,

!

vele, ele
{as

go then

wenda

about (puzzle over), v., vimpita. (have an idea that), v., eki, with the 1 Poss. pron. in class 7 sing. thought that I should tind it,. eki diame, yasolola kio.
;

wendele). (so), see nga, App. then it is or was that,

(in

(suppose,
adi/., see i,

diau
App,

those days), adv.^

luaka mu-

na lumhu
then too, conj.
,

ina.
e

kala or -ina. do you think adieyi wina diau? he thought that they were here, edi kakedi diau vo kwaku ina.
believe),
;

what

'i

diaka mpe.
us go then, ozevo

over,

v.t.,

dikula.

then, well then, conj., "buni (Bako.),

ozevo se
se

let

There

twenda kweto.
,

adv. In initiating impersonal clauses, prefix the locative

make such a present or to render such a service or do such a kindness, v., fumbila. too much of (a thing) to dispose of
too
little of... to
it

(to so

&

so), v.,

fumba.
n.,

with or without the addition of ya, ye or yo after it; see also under i, App.; there
to the verb,

Thinness
Thirst,

(emaciation),

n.,

kodi-kodi,
(8)

nkalati, 2. 6 (Bako.),

are

at

kwina

or on, &c., vena or or mwina ye (ya, yo).

laka-laka, 6 burning, ;/., elemena

(pl. 7).

dia
?z.,

maza
nui-

Therefore, co7ij., dianu vo, diau vo. The appl. form is not required ( when diau & dianu are thus
combi7ied

which
to

seems
5.

insatiable,

nui,

have slaked
(4,

with

VO.)

bila

kiaki {with the appliedform). ThicKj something very (?r singularly,

;/.,

one's, v.i., ntima bwita he is no longer thirsty, ntima audi ubwitidi.

U-)

mbomongo,

4.

Thistle, growing in the woods, nkeka (2) a mfinda (2).

.,

a.,

-ambomongo.
thickly,
v.t.,

Thongs

of skin
n.,

smear on a thick coat or

leba.

together,

or leather twisted nkasi, 2.

Thorough
do

(perfect), a., -akosi.

Thigh, ., ebunda (8) dia kulu (9). Thimble, n., mpu (2) a nlembo (4). Thin, a., -akasa (Bako.), -ankalati. be or become, v.i., kava, kamuka,
pala.

THOROUGHLY(clearly),^t/.,epeka(6).
(well), v.,

toma

{aux.

v.).

but not too much, adv., e

kole.

ngingu

Though,
padisa,

conf,

kufwila owu...ko,

make,

v.t.,

kavisa, ka-

sia ele vo,

kana

vo,

kana una
;

muna.
smear on a thin coat or thinly, v.t., vianga. thin stick of a thing, mbiengele, 2 oh, what thin sticks of legs kuna k wa mbiengele za malu

vo

see also

ndivo, App. though

you go, kufwila

ko. as though, conf,

own okwenda

ne banza vo.
n.,

Thought

(purpose),

ekani,

8.

Thing

(material),

;/.,

very precious,

7t.,

leko, 6 (Bako.). lengezia, 6.

Things of no use, n., mfwantakani, 2. the many things (one saw or has to
attend
to),

mambu, nkama

Thoughtlessness, utter, n., see under ntu ukula, &c., App. Thousand, n., efunda, 8. Threat, n., nkanikinu, 4. Threaten, v.t., sisisa. Threshold, ;/., mfietoto, 4 (Bako.)
nsiekolo, 4 (Bako.).

ya nsambu a mbumba.

Thr-Too
Thrill,
n.,
n.,

804

ewawa,

8.
5.

Time, continued.
then,
{lit.,

Throne, Throng,
;/.,

kiandu,

adv.,

leka

temona
waking).

v.,

zadila, fitama.

after sleeping

&

ntuti,

4-

Throw,

laka. down (something heavy), z/., jniva. <lo\vn (on the ground or into water),
v.t.,

v.,

lakika.

(epoch), n., snngi, 6. time spent in being, kalu, 6. in staying temporarily or visiting, ena.ngu, 8. spent in delay, mazinga, pi. 8.

far away,

&

miss,

out the

swanga. tikumuna. chest, v.i., manganana.

v.t.,
v.t.,

Timidity, n., nsumbi, nsumbi, 2.

nsumbi4.
v..

Tire

of a wheel,

n.,

nkunkula,

something large (into the water), v.t., kuvula, kuvumuna.

catch them before yaka. (in wresthng), v.t., nongona. Thrown, be, otherwise than was in-

Tired,

grow

(of

something),

snkwa
mpasi(pl.
;

up (mpanza

&

moyo (3), tantwa e 2), tukumukwa, ba-

casting), v.,

nduka I am tired of teaching him, yabanduka kunlonganga aka.

Toad,
large species,
n.,

tended,

v.i.,

tikumuka.

sote, 6.

Thrust

in

by force or something not

Toddle

about,

v.,

kankata.
(5),

Thunder
Thus,

intended to enter, v.t.^ tumpa. or make a thundering

noise,
diiiia.
conj., e
v.i.^

Together,
(all at

adv., e kibale

sa-

ngi(i2).

dudula, tutula,

di-

one time), adv.,

mankoka-

sia vo or
sia vo.

kisamuna zaya or vova vo c?r vo

;

ngo. all put together, adv., e bundu, 6. Toil, v., futuka (Bako.), funtuka.

Tick, jungle,

;/.,

kasa, 8 (Bako.)
6.

nkuba,
Tie,
n.,
dKt.,

2.

kangwa,
v.t.,

mfuntu, 4. funtuka or lengana (ye), sia e mfunka [(2) nmna]. Toll (customs), n., vaku, 12,
n.,
(at), v.t.,

kuta.

(of a bell),

v.i.,

kuba.
river,

firmly,

kwitika, pita, bamba,

girdle, v.,

for

passing over a bridge or

n.,

volola.

round one as a

kanga

pay,

nzambu, 2. v., zamba.

mbuti

(4).

Too, expressed generally by recasting

zeyeleka.
saying,
it

loosely, to, v.t.,

Tied

loosely, be, v.i., zeyalala.

the sentence, so that instead of it is too white, say very

up, adv.^
up,

nkangu
;

he sent

tied

white,

thus

because

it

is

too

otwikidi kio
tenso, 6
firm,

Tier,

;/.,

nkangu. kunda, 6.
sure),
t/.,

white

= kadi pemba kwingi.

Tighten (make
zika.
the

ku?>-,,

There are a few verbal adjectives implying too

too
(of

little,

small, -luelo, -ke.

girding

one's

cloth),

kamina. Tightly, adv.,

too long, high, deep, -la. too short, -kufi. too new, -va.

ngi

(2),

ngwi
.,

(2),

e tele (pi. 6).

Time
(in

or number of mbuluka, 2.
times 20,

times,

nku2
;

too old, -kulu. too little, few, short, to be,

v.,

fwa
fwa
App.

muhiplication), mfoko,

mfoko 6 za

20.

ke (12). too much, large, many, nene (12).

be, v.,

after

some

time,

some time

elapsed,

(as well), adv., see also as well,

8o5

Too-Tri

'OOTH, front (incisor), /;., dinu (7) diansevi. which protrudes beyond the lips, ;/., esunia, 8. a second row of teeth in either the upper or lower jaw, //., ntudi, 2
(liako.).

Tradition, n., esansn, 8. Train up (a child), v.t., kubulula, tongonona. Trajec'iorv of a bullet, ., zengo, 6.

Trample

upon,

v.t.,

funta.

Top

of

hill, flat, ;/.,

esela,

8.

Tranquillity, ;/., luvuvamu, 10. Transfiguration, ;/., ekitu, 8. Transformed, be, v.i., see somoka,
App.

on the top oi,prcp.,^2iXiSior

kuna

mbata

{si/tj^.

2) a.

Transgress,

v.,

kuzuka

[e

elongi
8.
i

on the, acii'., vana or kuna mbata. one on the top of the other, adv., e

(8), &c.].

nkundieka (2), e nkundakiani (2), e mbandakiani (2), e mbandieka (2).

Topaz,
v.t.,
;/.,

Transgression, ;/., ekuzuka, Transgressor, n., nkuzuki,

5t

4.

Transmitted from one

v.t.,

to another,
to one,

be or have transmitted

topaze,

2.

Torment,

//., lubangalu, 10. bangidika, bangika, banga-

sambukila. Transparent, a., -amoni.

be, v., mona. Transplanting,

nisa.

plants

for, .,

mpu-

be

in, va.,

bangala, bangalala.
;

za,

2.

Tormentor,

n., muntantabadi, 3 sungubadi, 6. Torrent, bed (very rocky), ;/., yasa,

6.

Tortuous,
be, v.,

.,

-ampiolo.

Trap, n., see mpombolo, eniemo, App. good fortune in catching with, n., etambu, 8. the touch or trigger of a trap, n y ntetebeswa, 2.

viotakana.
v.t.,

make,
7)

viotakesa.

Travail with, be kwa.

in,

.,

songokwa

Torture,
;

v.t.,

landa

mambu
App.

(pi.

Travel

about,

v.,

beba(Bako.), kiba

see also torment,

(Bako.).

Tossed about in all V.I., tumpana.

Total,
.,
2.

directions, be,

Traveller, ;?., nkangazi, 4. Treacherously, to act, v.t., takula.

kimbangumuna,
;z.,

nto-

Tread
Treat

upon,

v.t.,

funta.
10.

ta,

Treasure,
in

ji.,

lusalu,

Touch

of a trap,

some one

ntetebeswa, 2. order to call him aside

for peace, v.,

vana
fool,

nkombo
kitula e

without attracting the attention

of others, v.t., viangula, takula.

a maboko. inhumanly or as a
(2)

yidi, sangila.

Tough,

be, v., sinita.

and almost unfit to be eaten, v.u, kuva. Tower, ji., nzo (2) ezulu. Town, ;z., bwala, 13 (Nsundi). Trace to its source, v.t., tongonona.
the barest (vestige),
(2).

Tree, huge, red wood

nuni,

n.,

tree,
4.

ngengele (2) a nti (4). good timber, ndia-

yielding a very inflammable resin,

elengo,

8.

n.,

nsunungina

Track

(of a great beast), n.,

;

mvwa4.

vwa,
(path), .,

mvwamvwila, 4 nzia-zia, 4.
nkono,
4.

Treeless (bare), a., -angidinginza. Trembling, n., luzakamu, 10; ezakamu, 8. (of delight or fear), ., epupupu, ?. Trespass (transgression), ;/., ekuzuka,
8.

Trade,

.,

Trial,
4.

n.,

ntonto,

ntonta,

2 (try-

(business transactions), mfuilll,

ing).

Tri-Tyr
Triangle, n., konko-tatu, Tribute, ;/., vaku, 12.
6.

806

Trustworthy, one who

(i)

is,

n.,

nkwa

ziku

(6).

Trigger
2.

(of a trap),

;/.,

ntetebeswa,

(devoted),

nkwa nkanka
v.i.,

(2).

nature, kwikizi, 12.

Trim,

?/./.,

kumpa.
2/./.,

Try
4.

(a case),

fundisa.
leveta.

(a lamp),

kolela.
see

the flavour hard,

v.,

of, v.t.,

Triumph,
App.

,,

nsangunia,
lines
of,

nwana.

Tropics, the

zengo,

6,

to

Trouble

(danger & difficulty), n., lenga, pi. 6 vangu, pi. 6. have a great deal of, 7/./., futuka
;

do something, well knowing it to be hopeless, v.i., kufiknunga, fianungina.

i.e.,

to grasp or kill too soon,

before

getting sufficiently near,

{perf.
|

tuwa

(Bako.),

funtuka.

tuwidi).

give,^./.,futuna(Bako.),fuiituiia,

in vain to, v.,

see p. 696.
|

lembi or lembelo;

tokeka, tuntanisa.

be
get

in (as a mourner), v.i.^ zingidi|

induce,

v..

kuza.
difficult),
a.,

Iwa.
into (a
derisive,
2/.z'.,

Trying (dangerous &

-alenga, -avangu.

scornful

ex-

pression),

kiema, laka.
kendalala,
(4).

Troubled, be tiukwa

(sad), v.i.,

Tuck up one's cloth, v.t., vena. Tuft (of hair), n., yondo, 6 bondo,
;

ntima

6.

be (worried), v.L, finangeswa. in mind, be, v., zanginika ntima

(4)
;

Tumor,

.,

kingengele,

5.

ntima
;

(u-)

zanganana or

kangama
ntima
make,
vJ.,
(4).

zangananwa
ntima. -ampasi, -alenga,

Tune with, be in, v.i., wawana. Turkey (bird), n., mpilu, 2. Turn aside, vA., tikumuka see also vitakana & vitakesa, App.
;

zanginika
a.,

the face or proper side round,

v.i.^

Troublesome,
-avangu.
(annoying),
a.,

vilukila.

over in one's mind,

v.,

lamba,

di-

-anangi.

kula.
puzzle over,
v.,

Trowel, ., ngutu, 2. Truly, adv., e kieleka kiau.

(it is

vimpita.
soil,
v.i.^

over the surface of the

indeed true

that), diele e kie-

funta.
(in rotation), n., tete, 6.

leka vo.

Trumpet,

long, straight, without

n.,

any

round,

v.t.,

yulula (Bako.)=vilula; "^

v.,

nkoko, 4. mouth of a, ?z., nsanza, 2. Trunk (of tree), ;/., evimbu, 8. Trust, ., vuvu, 6 Infiatu, 10 (P. confiar); .f^t' also nkanka, App.
bend,
;

see p. 448.

Turns
Twig,

(in

a task), take,
6.

tambu-

lula.
;/.,

vuya,
(of

^.,

bunda

vuvu

(6),

liata

(P.

confiar).
(entrusted),
;/.,

mbebe,
5
;

2.

an eye), v.i., meso (8) -layiswa; in the twinkling of an eye, meso tulayiswa. Twist aside, be twisted, v.i., zungu-

Twinkling

mutually,

v.^

bundana e vuvu.
to take any-

on, adv., e kipodi,

muka. Tyrant, tyrannical

ngadi,
i

person,
;

n.,

mbai

thing e kipodi implies that a

&

mbangazi,

& 4.

date
fixed,

of

settlement has
if

been
paid

&

the

amount

is

before then no usury will be

charged.

; ;

8o7

Udd-Upr

Unfruitfulness, ., nnlomba, 12. Ungrudgingly, adv., kuna mvevo

(4).

Unhappy,
Uddhr, ., yeni, 6. Unadulterated, a.,
App.

be, v., kafalala,

ntima

(4,

see

under ya,

kafalala. Unheard of (strange),

u)

a.,

-ampi-

mpita.
//.,

Ugly

person,
;/.,

mi,

4.

Ulcer,

mbenza, 2. very large, ;/., evongona,

rodent,

8.

which destroys
;/.,

the

nose

Uninitiated person, w., nsonzolo, 2. who has not been initiated into some mystery or rite, vinga, 6. Unintentionally, adv., e nswalala
(2).

{lupus exedens)^
pi. 8.

matamba,

Unitedly
healthy appearance,
(12).

(together), adv.,

sangi
12.

to

assume a
v.i.,

zituka.
cord,
//.,

Unity
luayi,
v.i.,
;

(all

intermixed),
see lelelwa,
n.,

.,

sangi,
i

Umbilical

10.

Universe,

App.

Unable to,
to go,

be,

bindamwa,
be unable

Unjust
a.,

person,

mvilwa,

&

4-

lembakana
Unbeliever,
la,
3.
;/.,

shall

-avilwa.
long,
a.,

mbindamwa

kwenda. mundembi-kwiki-

Unknown,
Unlawful,

sec -ansi

-akinsamuna. a nkuwu (2),

Unbending (rigid), a., -antintibidi. Uncared for (not in charge of any nyambi (4). one), adv., Uncertain (untrustworthy), a., ke -bundwanga vuvu ko.
Unclean,
render,
a.,

App. Unless, co7ij., nanga, nangi, nangu

Unobserved,

under kala, p. 2 8 7. slip away, t'./., vialuka. Unobstructed (of a course), a., -ankolomona.
see also

-aiisafu,-alembi velela.

v.y

safula.
;

Uncle anness, ., nsafu, 4 esafu, 8. Unconcern, ;/., umpavuludia, 12. Unconscious, be, become, v., fwa e
ngambu,
2.

Unprincipled person, n., mvilwa, I &4. Unripe (of plantain & bananas &
fruit

ing), a.,
fruit,
?t.,

which reddens on ripen-amfuba.

efuba.

Unconsciousness, ., ngambu, 2. Uncontrollable, a., -atununu. be, v.i., tununuka. Uncork, v.t., kavula, samuna. Undeniable, to be, v., ke vanakana nkalu ko, ke kalakana ko.

Unscrupulous
I

person, /;., mvilwa, ntwanga, 2. Unscrupulousness, ;/., nntwanga,

&

12.

Understand
tonena.
(have
it

(recognise),

v.t.,

tona,

Unsold, remain, v.i., funta. Until, adv., yasumbate; see sualso under yavana, mbate
;

App.
one),
?/./.,

dawn upon

vu-

ngula.

Undertake to do, v.i., lama. Undo work which had been accomv.t., pangalakesa, bwangalakesa. Unfair, rt.,ke -ansongi ko, -alembwa

Untrustworthy, a., ke -bundwanga vuvu ko. Unusual (extraordinary), a., -avava. Unwell, be, v., yela.
be very, ke kala biza ko yo yela
I

plished,

was very unwell

that day, e

lumbu kina kikedi

yela.

biza ko yo
2.

e nsongi.

Unfruitful
mba,
4.

plant or tree,

//,,

nlo-

Uprightness,

.,

nsongi,

(correctness), kosi, 6.

Urg-Vir

808

Urge

ineffectually, v.t.^

kuza.

Vault

one not
v.t.^

to carry out his intention,

for temporary or special intersee also ment, v., ngunga, 2

;

kulula. strongly, v.t., wondelela.

unpleasantly,
7/.,

etekola,

8,

App.

Vegetables (edible leaves), ;/.,mvudi,

4.

sindikila.
2.

Urinate,

v.,

susa.

(garden produce),

mpati

{si7ig. 2) a,

Use, something of no, //., ngofwila,

(advantage),
;/.,

nsengo.

ndandu,
7/.,

2.

be of no further,
for the first time,

see

7/./.,

funga, App. sambula.

Velvet, ;/., see mbumbulu, Verb, ., mpanga, 2.

2,

App.

fanka. it was of no use, coiij,^ nkaya-kaya. Used to, to be or become, v.i.^ yukwa; he was well used to French, oyukilu kikilu e kifwalansa.
up,
v.i.,

of a precipice, ??., lunengananu, 10. Verse in which some passage occurs^

.,

Verge

ezikila,

8.
;

Useful,
Useless,
it is

.,
.,

-amfunii.
see -a

Vertigo, ?/., nzieta, 4 nziezie, 4Very, be, ) ^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^ j^^^^^ Very, how, S much (in no small degree), adv., ke
vevi ko.

Nzambi, App.

perfectly useless, rt<^7/.,velekela.

v.t.,

fwasa, bwangalakesa, pangalakesa. tough or hard & useless (with age),

render,
be, v.i.^

Vestibule, Vexation,
smg.).

;/.,

mvita,
nkafi,

4-

n.,

{generally

kuva.
dress,

Viceroy, Victory,
get the,

n., .,
v.,

nkumbi,

2.
2.

nsundidi,

-angofwila. Usual, a., kibeni ; usual mpwata kibeni.

(waste),
a.,

lunga [be

in the right
;

might is conquer, App.

(since

right)]

see also

View
to

of,

block the,

v.,

kika.

have an unobstructed,

mona

mpenza
Vigour,
Vaccinate, Vacillate,
7/./.,

(2).

n.,

telamiana, 9
briskly),

(ability to

nwata.
(4,

move
u-)

v.,

ntima

tintama

or simpama ( Bako. ) <7rkokoma

reassume, ?/., sakumuka. Vilify, v., yivisa.

kokomesa
Vacillation,
n.,

ntima.

kokoma,
6.

9.

Vacuum,

;/.,

vela,

Village, ;/., bwala, mpata-vata, 2. Villain, unscrupulous,

13 (Nsundi)

n.,

ntwanga,

Vagina, ,, nkenza, 2 (Bako.). Vain, a., -avela. fellow, ?/., mfwanti, 2. all was in vain (in spite of all), conj., nkaya-kaya. in (all to no purpose), adv., e ngOfwila.

Villany,

;/.,

untwanga,
;/.,

12.
12.

Violence

(force),

balu,
2.

man

of, n.,

mfunia,

Valley, broad

&

flat, n.,

evoka,
a.,

8.

Valuable

(of high value),

-amba-

ngadi.

by unwarranted, adv., ye nkumbi yo lulendo. Violently, come, go, rush, of wind or rain, v.i'., vikuka. Virgin, ;/., mwenze, 3 ndnmba a mwenze (pi. -a mienze) see
;

Value, ;/., kimbalu, 5. Vanish, v.i., vempoka.

mwenze, App.
a.,

-amwenze.
;/.,

Vapour
Vase,
;/.,

bath,

n.,

futwa,
6.

6.

Virginity,
5.

kindumba amwenze,

bungwa,

(809)

Vis-Wea
continued.

^^^sciD

mass, ;/., ediml)U, 8. Vision, seeing, ;/., mbweno,

wonderful,

Want,
2.
;

kin., mona-meso, 6 mona-meso, 5. in a vision, adv.^ e kimona-meso.

to,
v.,

nzuwa (4) badly (miss), v., mona or ntuka (4). very much, v.t., ziotola. but not have any chance of ol)taining, v., lS,lwa.
(seek),
7/./.,

Visit, pay a visit

kiyila.
(paid),
//.,

kangadila,

sanda (Zombo).
v.,

nkangalu,
(received),

4.

Warm,
nkanga-

be
;

(of persons),

yanga-

Visitation
dilu, 4-

.,

lala

Void,
;/.,

a.,

-avela.
6.

used also of warm^ fine weather in the rainy seasons [kuma (9) ku-] it is warm and
;

vela,

fine

to-day,

unu

kuma

Volley, w., vumbi, 6. Voluntarily, ad7/., kuna Vow, ;/., nkanikinu, 4.

v.,

zolela.

kuyangalele. Warn, vJ., tumbulwila. lubula. Warned, be, v., lubuka.

kanikina. break a, 7/., fumba e ndofi

Warning
(2).

(example),
;

;/.,

elongi, 8 (to

teach)

sisa, 6 (cause fear).

Voyage

(by ship),

n.,

nsauka,

2.

Warped,
Was,

to be, v.,

kandalala.
;

were, luider to be

see also adi,

App.

w.
Wad,
;z.,

Wash

very thoroughly,

7/./.,

venza.

mbusia,

Waft

up,

2 (P. buxa). away, vJ., pemona, pu-

and lay out the dead, 7/., sunga. Wasp, mason, //., mbulu-ntente, 2. Waste away (as in sickness), v.i.y
pala.
lay,
7/.,

muna. Wager, ;/., ntela,

funka.
7/./.,

2.

(squander),
n.

fumba.
a.,

Wail (making
Waken,
Wale,
vJ.,

a great noise),

vo-

a sheer waste,

;z.,

diana, wodiana.

Wasted,
(Bako.).

wasteful,

ngofwila, 2. -angofwila.
tadikila.
pi. 8.

katumuna
;

Watch

(look
//.,

at), v.,

n.,

Walk

nzila, 4 mvibu, 4about, v., beba (Bako.),

(guard),

mayingila,
7/./.,

kiba
;

(with evil intent),

kondelela.

(Bako.),

vema

(Bako.)

be-

Watcher, watchman,
Water-lily,
n.,

n.,

nkawu,
8.

2.

elanga,
pi.

catching hold Imbela. a of everything one baby, tambapasses, as

la.

weed,

.,

maladi,
12.

(Bako.)

vJ.,

langi,

Water-mark,
v.t.,

high or low,

;;.,

see

noiselessly,

nianza, nienza.
walk,
;

be unable
(12,

to

Bako.)
n.,

all-plate,

v., fwa busa fwa e ekoka (8). mfumfula (4) a

zengo, 6, App. Way of approach, ;/., mwalu, 3. to have one's way, 7/., kutamina.
a long
leave or

yaka

(6).

way off, adv., mu vala. make a way for, sila

7.'.,

'ander about, v., vuvuta. (prowl), vema, lasa. Wanderer, ., ntungianu, 4. Wandering, aimless, ., tungianu,
12.

nzila

(2).

make, force a

way

(through),

7'.,

teta e nzila (2) (muna). what a way to, kuna kwa mpila a what a remarkable way they
built
it

Want,
want

7t.,

kondwa,

nkondwa,

2.

too

kuna kwa mpila

to lay

v.,

an egg or to go to vilwa.

stool,

a tunga batungidi yo.

Weak,

a.,

-atontolo.

Wea-Whi
Weak,
be,

8io)

continued.

?/.,

tova, yova, lewoka, leuka, leoka, zewoka, lebangana.

Weak

person r thing,
3

l^^^^^gj
S

Weakling,
;

What, continued. kuna kwa nzo or kadi kuna kwa nzo inter, pron., nabwe (Bako.). Whatever, j)r^;z., kana.
!

tu,

tontolo,
;/.,

6.
;

thing,

kana lekwa.
;/.,

Weakness,
6
;

utontolo, 12
8.

yoyelo,

Wheel,
tire

lungungu,
;

10.

eyovoka,
;

of a wheel

also the surface to

tire
is

Weal,

Wear

mvibu, 4. komoka. Wearied, be, v.i., lewoka, leoka, leuka, zewoka, tova, yova.
w., nzila, 4 slowly away,
v.i.,

which the

applied,

;/.,

Wearisome, be, v., tukumuka. Weary, grow (of something), 7/., lukwa moyo (3) tantwa e mpasi (pi. 2) tukumukwa.
; ;

nkunkula, 4. Wheeze, ?/./., twengenia, swengenia. When...(/'/;;z^) had passed, adv., baka muna...i bosi when three days had passed they
;

found him,
tatu,
i

baka muna Inmbu

bosi bansolwele.

Weather,

hot,

;/.,
,

kala,

6.

(while), adv..,

wau.

Weep

bitterly, v.i

bokomoka, boko-

Whenever
you

(you, he, &c.) like, adv.,

ye dilu. vosona or vongola e kinsanga (5). Weigh, 7/./., mika. an anchor, 7/., vola e mbwa (2). (a matter), 7/,, lamba, mika.
profusely,
7/./.,

moka

kiekiele
like,

kaka come whenever kiekiele kaka wiza.

;

Wherefore,

Weight,

/z.,

nzu,

2.

(massiveness),

;/.,

silu, pi. 6.

dead weight,

n.^ see

nsinsi,

2,
n.^

Welcome
gladly,

of or
8.

by women,

App. emi-

conj.^ diau vo, dianu VO {no appliedform needed)., vo mona owu. Whether... or, conj., okala VO...OVO. even, co7ij., kana una, kana una VO, kana nkutu. While, adv., una, wau, wau ki-

(kolo understood)

while the

angana,
7/./.,

men
for

slept,

wau kilele

wantu.

sakidila.

a while

(at first), adv.,

oku ku-

(receive well),

toma tambula.
;

Well

as possible, do as, t/., babahe built it as nisa ye (&c.) well as he possibly could, obabanisi yo tuiiga. do well (act properly), v.i.^ tomesa. found, be, 7/./., koba. done! wawete! j^^-awete, K.-Eng., App. now, conj.., see mpangu, App. then, conj.^ we kansi.
;;.,

tukila. a little while

is expj-essed by the diminutive form of the eleventh

derivative notm
the
predicate,

thus

formed frofn when :

they had been sitting a

while,

little

una bafongele kimfonga-mfonga they went to eat

;

a few minutes, bele dia kiN.B.yVb article ndia-ndia. is used before the diminutive.
for

West,

lumonso,
&c.)

10.
is,

What

ki see kimona, kivova, kilembi, kiwa, kimbalii, muna ki-,

(I,
;

muna

Whim, ;;., ntiti, 4Whirl, ., nzieta,

rapidly in the
great), vd.,

nziezie, 4.
(of

air

something

vikuka.
kinziongololo,
5

App.
a
tu,

Whirlpool,
(Bako.).

//.,

(wonder, scorn or ridicule

implied),

kuna kwa see kuna kwa

kadi
!

Whirlwind,
Whispering,
viziku,

.,

kimbonga,

5.

also nki-

the sound
pi. 6.

of, ;/.,

viziku-

ngu, App.

oh,

what a house

Sir

W HI-Won
?/./.,

Whistle,

w.,

miozi,

pi.

3 (Bako.).

WiLTER,

tukuka.
7>.i.,

to whistle,

v., to,

miozi (Bako.), sika

e miozi.

Win (in gambling), vola. Wind the loose end of one's loin-cloth
round the waist, 7/./, kamina or vinda nlele (4). about, v.i., binduzioka. strong, ;/., tembo, 6 (Bako.).

wind among the branches of ?'./., pukuta. wooden, ., nsiya, 2. Whole, the, ., mviml)a, folloiving
(as
trees),

the noun, Out luithoiit article or

Winding,
be,
7a/.,

a.,

-ampiolo.

prefix; I will buy the whole piece, e tini mvimba nsumba

kio.

viongoloka, vioteka. make, v.t., viotakesa.

Wholeheartkdness,
App.

., see

etima,

Windings about, ., mbindnzioka, 2. Windmill (toy made of feathers on

a spindle),
n.,

etita,
2.

8.

(diligence), Bungididi, 6.

Window,
(4).

n.,

mbonani,

(readiness),

mvevo
adv., e

Wholesale,

(4) a ntima bundu (6).

Whooping

cough,

n.,

kivunda,
!

5.

Why?

inter. pron.,
;

inierj.,

anki is anki olueke that is why, adiK, e nkete nki or e bila kiaki {with the appl.
!

edi? why, here he

wa

WiNE-PREss, ;/., ekaminu nyo (2). Wire, ., nzwenge, 2. Wish, n., nzola, 2.
(craving, taste),
;/,,

(8)

dia vi-

kinzola-nzola,

5.

Wishful, be zinwa

viangalwa or moyo (3) or ntima (4) moyo or ntima (u-) viangala

very,
v.,

form).

or zina; see also desire

S:

App.

Widen,
Wife,
the

v.i.,

sanzana.

Witch-doctor, be
App.
;/.,

instructed in the
of, v.t.,

2, see
first

nkama,

4,

art

and mystery
from
irefi.).

yilwa.

man

marries,

nkaza

Withdraw
ngesa

society, v.,

kuke-

(i)

a toko

(6).

demand a wife in who has died,

give a wife,

the place of one

v.t..^

unobserved,

tomesa. as above, t/./., toma.

-ayezi.
5.

Wither,

v.i.,

v., kuvava. tukuka.

Wild
Wile

(fierce), a.,
//.,

WiLDNESs,

kiezi,
//.,

& dry up, v.i., wuminina. Without, see ya, App. Wits, u., mamoni, pi. 8.
have one's wits about one, v., yanza (Bako.), luenga. keep your wits about you, velesavelesa e ngangu zeno; see velesa, App.

(pretext),

lumpeso,
pi. 7.

10.

(stratagem),

mana,

Wilfulness, ., nyenge-nyenge, obstinacy, nkumfu, 4.

4.

Will

(all in

due

co\.us),futi(re, aux.

v.,

singa.
;/.,

strong,

kuzolela,
n.,

9.

Woe, n., Woman,

(4)

tatu,

6.
//.,

a young,

(testament),
(one's

nkanda
;

efwa

(8).

mwana

(r)

nkento-nkento, a nkento.
;

own inclination, way), kiakankamba, 5 they have left him entirely to his own will, bavwidi kunyambwila e kiakankamba. Willed, be strong, 7/., kuzolela.
Willing, be
(ready),
(4).
,

Womankind,

;;., kento, 6 womankind and mankind (the whole population) were assembled, e

kento ye kiakala balungwa

kwau.

Wonder,
v.,

a,

;/.,

nkumbi,

nku-

v.,

vevola

ntima
ntima.

willing be, to

?'.,

vevolwela

ngulu, 4. lembi-0 sivika; I wonder much that you went, ndembi yo sivika e ngyenda wele.

WON-YOK
Wonder,
at, v.,

8 12

cotitimced.

Would
v.i.,

that

conj.,

kumuna.
cry
see
of,

kala or kele vo
kululuka,
to
flit, indef.

kele vo, kadi with subj.

to utter a

kumba.
what

vuvana, App. whether, v., badika vo kana; he wondered whether he will come, obadikidi vo kana okwiza; we wonder whether he is alive. tubadikanga vo kana wina The simple ejaculation una.
,

God

interj.,

Nzambi

kadi.

v.i.,

under mbula, App. Wound, n., ndwadi, 2 (cut). Woven entire throughout, n., -ankuhave
to, see

also

ba.

Wrangle,

v.,

zekana, bambana.

Wreck (destroy), v.t., bwangalakesa^

(devastate),

in the first person is expressed by the interjectio?i kana ;

pangalakesa. fwantakesa.
man),
6.
n.,

wa

Wretch (bad
6
;

baza, 6

tuzu^

wonder
him,

whether

catch

wa
of
8
;

we shall kana tuku-

tema,

mbaka.

Wood,

felled, n.^ see

nsola, App.

Wretched, become, v.i., boloka. Wretchedness, n., nkangu (4) ntima (4)

a.

decayed

piece

woodwork,

n.,

Wriggle

(as eels), v.i.,

votana.
niongota^.

ewombolo,
house,

this is a rotten

crawl (as maggots),

v.i.,

ewombolo dia nzo diadi. Woodpecker, n., mbobo (2) a nti (4). Woof, ;z., nkayikwa, 2.

niunguta (Bako.). Wrinkle, n., nswiku, ^. Write, v., vianga.

distinctly, v.t.,

Work,
hard,

v.t.,

sadika.
4.

tumbula
v.i.,

n.,

mfuntu,

Writhe

(as eels),

hard and as well as possible at, z'.. vangalela. have a great deal of hard, z/.z"., futuka (Bako.), fnntuka. quickly, briskly, v.t., salamiana. have the trouble of work in the
sun,
v.,

Writing,

style of, n.,

soneka. votana. esoneka, 8.

see
also-

Wrong, n., vilwa, 12. Wrongful, a., -avilwa;

-asungu, App. (for nothing), a., -ankatu. Wrongfully should be used adjectivally e
:

wmtiwa

mwini
v.t.,

(3).

to suffer wrongfully,

mona-

Working
be,
v.i.,

order, set in,

lumpika.
;/.,

mpasi zankatu.

Inmpama.
skilled, clever,

Workman,
2,

mfuzi,

App.
be, v.i.,

Worried,
be,
v.i.,

Y.
tuntana, tokama.

through having

many

duties,

zumbuluka.
tuntanisa, tokeka.
//.,

Worry,

v.t.,

(of business),

lunznmbulu,
see

10.

(care), n., songololo, 6.

Worse, become,
also vaza,

v.i.,

under voza
8.

Yeast, n., ebo, 8. Yell, v.i., kaluluka, yabala. Yet, to be, v., kini, v. defective, perf. only they have not yet come, ke bakini kwiza ko they are yet in the house, bakini knna
;

App.
of,
//.,

nzo.

Worship,

place

esambilu,
5.

Worth,

;/.,

kimbalu,

consider worth while,

v.,

vevokwa

moyo (3). Worthy, be, v., fwanuka.

of, v.,

adv., yanginu, yakinu; see oku mpe, App. not yet, adv., yakinu ke...ko ka... ete ko (Bako.).
(still),
;

(in protesting), conj.,

watu.

fwanukina.

be, v., see

fwanwa, App.

Yield Yoke,

(fruit), v.t.,

va
6.

{perf vene).

n.,

vangu,

8i3

You-Zea

fine, handsome, ., mvoyongo (4) a etoko. l^young woman, mvoyongo a ndumba. Youngest, the, ., see nsakila, pi. 2,

>UNG man,

Zeal,

w., sungididi, 6 swi-swi, 6.

8.

fululu, 6

(passion), eketo,

App.
(child), a.,

(wholehcartedness), etima,

8.

-ansuka.
;/.,

Zealous,
toko, 6. of age,

be,

?'.,

sia e sungididi or

Youth

(youthfulness),
15

of about

or

16 years
10.

fululu; sungama, vela-vela, sia e etima.

for, be,
z/,,

luntoko-toko,

sia...e

etima

(8).

Advantage, n.^ ndandu, Bulk, ., evimbu, 8.

2.

Face

to

face,

adv.^

mambonani

(pl. 7).

Catch, v., sec also batidila, App. Champion, ;/., ebamba-ngolo, 8. CHASiM, n., ngengengo, 2. Cheat, vJ., vunina.

Flesh (of the body), ., nitu, 2. From. ..to... /Jr^^.,yamu...ya...

;

{luith

future time 07ily) from age to age (for ever) yamu mvu ya

Commence,
Decimal,
w.,

7/./.,

toteka.
2.

mvu.

desima,

Lack

of energy or diligence in one's

work or duty,
display such luck,

n., lele, 6.
v.,

sia e lele.

APPENDIX
TO

KONGO-ENGLISH DICTIONARY.
N.B.

The sign + indicates that the word already appears in the Dictionary,
follows
is

but that which

a further sense or usage of

it.

a-, continued.

mamosi; diau adimosi kwandi,

-a,
it is

the

same

muna mvu

bearing the prefixes of scries applied to secondary adjectives is

miau amimosi,
verysame
P' 573years.

during those

The forms are

used

to

introduce a noun
It is really the

in

given in the table at the foot of

AAi-\-an impersonal defective verbal particle, predicating a condition tuhich 07ice existed but does so no lojiger. When thus used personality is expressed before
the
tion

apposition.

which introduces the adjectival

clause, see pp. 561-2, the tioim

in apposition thtis appeaj-ing as

an adjectival clause : Nlemvo wa ese andi (w' es' andi) a Kikudi, Nlemvo, the father of
Kikudi; e diambu diadi diambote kikilu, dia ngiza andi, it is a very good thing, his coming
;

noun

ijidicating the condi-

by the pronominal pa?--

ticles following

adi
i

Sing.

Pi.

ona tunina

lukiilu, lua

Person

I.

tu

luloloko lua

by

whom we

masumu meto, have redemption,

II.

nu
require

The yd pers.
;

sing,

and pi.

the forgiveness of our sins.

a- prefaced or pj^efixed to the second-

ary numerals in the singular, one and the same, a single zvhe?t expressing surprise, muna
;

lumbu akimosi,

in the
;

same

day or a single day muna nzo ayimosi, in one single house.

in the sing, or pi.,

and in

that case

preceded by -au, the same, identical, those very same. This

is

a more correct spelling than

247 rather than
p.
;

that given on

amamosi

man mawa

no such particle ; adi i fwa, I was dead adi u muntu ambote, you were once a good man adi mpofo, he was once blind adi tu akwa umvwama, we were once rich adi nu mfumu za nsi, you were once the chiefs of the country adi abundu, they were once slaves e nzila eyina adi nzila a Mboma, that used to be the road to Mboma e nsi zau ezole adi nsi zimosi, those two countries were once one (united).
;

Adi-Bad
adi
becomes

8i6)
Ana,
conti7iued.

defective verb

by

receiving the same prefixes of the first class as a verb in the

lumbu

ana, when we reached

past

tense, and so serves as an alternative of the verb " to be " in predicating a condition once

"er" the town "er" we went "er" to the chief's compound

" er."

Anazie, adv.,

see anizie,
;

App.
only used in
all

existing but no lo7iger so; was,

Anga,

^^/{/'.^nga

it is

were once have, been but not now.

;

has,

had

interrogative se?itences.

The pre-

Anizie, adv.,

all

round, on

sides

fixes of classes 2-1^ are seldom so applied^ the impersonal form

is used instead ; kolo kingi kiavioka twadi makangu, a

bezidi kunzieta anizie, they surrounded him on every side.

Anki,

ifiterj.,

inter j.; anki, olueke!

why when used as an why here

long while ago

(but not now).

we were

friends

he
Are,

is

-adi

is

used also as a defective aux.

verb in speaking of some event which will surely come about,

an are, 100 sq. metres. -awa mosi, see a-, App. 2iW0W0, dem. and rel. pron., cl. i,pl.,
2, n.,

ind

pos.

einph.,

those,

those

and

is
;

translated by

should,

who, who, they.

ozeye wo kwandi se wadi bakama, he knew that

would

he would be caught, adi thus used indicates certainty; where

there is uncertaintyiik'Wdi
be used
;

before

would vava -adi, while not, vava kadi fwa, before

Ba,

6,

71.,

a parallelogram, any pattern

quilt.

he died.

of that shape, the pieces in a

Aka,

adv., see

-aka, see under

kaka, App. App.

patchwork
Ba,
to
6, n. (Bako.),
(2r^

sting.

-akwa,

of,

when referring
locality.

a town
;

ba-, subj.

obj.pro7io7n.,
J,

or

Jizu akwa Nazaret, Jesus of Nazareth aleke akwa Kindinga, the Kindinga
children nkento akwa Ngombe, the Ngombe woman.
;

pi., cl.

they

pref, 3 pers. see also the 3rd

table on p. 578 of the

Grammar.

an intense desire. fwa e baba, to be intensely desirous., Babanisa, v., to do well, to do one's'

Baba,

6,

7t.,

Ametiste, 2, ;/., amethyst. Ana, a particle used where there

hesitation
affected,
it

very best
is

toma babanisa
v/ell.
.'),

vova, speak

real or as in English " er " ; in

speech,

Babatu,

2,

n.

(P.

colourec

strips
cloth.

sewn on the end of

to

is

used also at the end of

clauses or sentences as a shapely

Babidika,

v.t.,

cause to dry (as]

for

finish off; indeed, some speakers at San Salvador will em-

mud, gum, &c.). Babidila, v., to hold up the hand

paint,

ploy
it is

it

every

or 6 words.

No

be attached to it; merely to fill the hiatus of hesitancy, or an affected pomposity,

meaning can

cause people to abstain from approaching. Babu, 6, n., a flat piece, a slab, a
silence or to
tablet.

more than a bad habit. Una tulneke ana kun' evat' ana, twele ana ku
is little

and

Babula,

v.t.,

to roast.
,

Badika vo kana
whether
;

v.,

to

wonder

obadikidi vo

(8i7
Badika vo kana, continued. kana wele, he wondered whether he was gone.
Badila, v.t., to scold, speak angrily rebuke strongly.
to,

liAD-IiAN-

Baika,

v.i.

(Bako.), to be, get,

become

caught.

This verb sen'es as

a middle voice t^/'baka, to catch (as taika does of teka, to sell). E nkombo ame ihaikidi kwa ngo, my goat has been caught by a leopard,

Balula, continued. ekwa obalwidi ? how much doyou make it Balumuna, t/./., to spread out. Bamba, ?'., to hold out resolutely,, to be very persistent in one's opinion, be very opinionated. Bambamena, ?/./., to be encumbered, hindered (from something), to be shut in or up, blocked, prevented by something or some
.''

circumstance.

haika maketo, to get angry, haika nkole, to get captured. Baka e ntangwa (2), v., to have an
opportunity.

Bambana,

v.

recip.,

to

discuss

to-

gether very obstinately, strongly, to strive together in hot discussion.

baka muna...

bosi, adv.^ when...

after,
;

Bambisisisa,

v.t.,

cans,

of

bambato
re-

on baka muna lumbu tatu i bosi bansolwele, after 3 days they

had passed,

mena.

Bambukwa
member.

moyo
moyo

(3),

^.,

found him.

Bambnla
Banda,
v.t.

(3), v.t., to

remind.

Baka,

6, n.,

explanation, sense, preface

to get on, agree well to-

(Bako.)=wanda.
^'./.-fto

(to

a book).
7/.,

Bandama,
Bandama, Bandama,
Bandana,

be very hard of

Bakana,

hearing.
t/./.,

gether, to live in a state of har-

to begin, to

mony, concord and peace, be on good terms. Bakana, v.^ to catch up the other (when one is following to catch up someone) okalokala babakanini, at length the other one caught up.
;

v.i.^

commence. be added further,

beat or pound
in

put on the top.

v. recip., to

at the

same time
only

{spoken
people).

of

one mortar or more

top, to

Bakila, Bakilu,

?/./.,

to sell (flesh) retail.

6,

;/.,

a means of obtaining,

Bandika, v.t., to put on the add further. Bandila, v.t., to stow, pack

closely^

skill,

ease, in getting or catching.

-abakuka,/.,strong,loud (of the voice).

shake down closely. Bandu, 2, n. (P. bando, gang), estate,

condition
;

Bakula

ndinga

(2),

7/.,

to

speak

e
is

bandu a toko

with a long, strong voice, to raise the voice.

Bakwila,
Bala,
v.t.,

v.t.,

to sell (flesh) retail.

to think.
(5), v.t.^ to
71.

what you would style a young man. Banduka, v.i., to be tired of yabakunlonganga aka^ nduka
kena,

he

Bala e kinsi Bala-bala, 6,

kick.

am
6,

tired of teaching him.

?/.

(Bako.), a child.

Banga,
!

Balanganza
(as of

interj.,

snap

crack

walls

a trigger).

having the ribs of Raphia vinifera (ebanga). Trad-

+a

house

made

of the

mid

Balu,

12, ., violence, force,

ing factories are often so constructed

;

bain, adv.^ by violence, force. Balula, v.t., to reason, discuss point by point also to bring out a
;

kuna

heftce

banga came

to

total of, to

make an amount

of;

be the name for plank houses on the coast, or any attempt at imitation of them by the natives.

3G

Ban-Bes
Bangala,
v.i.^

8i8

to be excessively high

Baya, continued.
piece (not of wood, which would

(of a price).

Bangala, Bangalala,
hell).

vJ., to

be tormented,
tortured

in
(in

torment,

Bayi,

2, n. (P.

be ebaya, 8). bainha), n., the border, edging on a cloth.

Banganisa,
Bangazi,
6,

vJ., to persecute, torment,

torture.
n.,

a tyrannical, brutal
to torment, torture.
(2), v.,

fellow, a tyrant.

Bangidika,

v.t.,

bayi a kindele, the selvedge. Baza, v.i., to scatter (of shot). Baza, v.t., to scold. Baza, 6, n., a very bad person, a scoundrel, scamp, rascal, wretch,
brute.

Bangidika
Bangika,

ntalu
to

to raise

price excessively.
v.t.,

Beba
torture,

(Bako.),

v.i.,

to

walk about,

stroll,

torment,

travel about, journey,

swim

{as

persecute.

a fish), blow {as the wind).

to

Bangumuka,

v.i.,

come

to the sur-

Bebwa,
Befo,
6,

v.i.

(Solongo), to drift with

lip.

face of the earth.

the current.
;/.,

Bangumuka, Bangumuna,
As
it

7/./.,

to be added up. v.t.+io bring about a

a
6,

Bekenge,

n.,

radical, utter,
this
is

change (in a man). may be for good or bad,

fragile,

easily

anything very frail, torn or broken,

very delicate.

necessary to state which, unless the context makes it

clear.

Beko,

6, n.,

a separate, more private,

adv., privately, secretly.

safe, place.

kuna beko,
se

"bangumuna

mbi

(4),

of persons,

vaheko,
-abeko,
Bela,
6, n.,

aside, separately.
adj., apart,

or\ii (12), of Ihhtgs, to corrupt, make bad.

private, secret,

safe.

"bangumuna
(
I )

se

mote

(3)

or

muntu

a part, piece.
(6),

ambote, ofpersons, or lekwa kiambote, of a thing, to bring about a great change for the
good, greatly improve.

e bela-bela
pieces,

adv., in pieces, to
;

to

shreds
it

kibakilu e

bela-bela,

is

torn to pieces.

Bangumuna,
sum.

v.t.,

to

add

up, take the

Belengenze, 6, ;/., something of pottery ware or glass which is very fragile, too slightly made.

3anza, v. ne banza vo, as though, as

though
(it)

if,

as

Bemba, 6, Bemheka,

//.-fa herd, drove.

v.t.,

were.
;/.

Basia

(P. basia), 2,

vana

a basia, to present with one's freedom.

(4)
v.t.,

nkanda

.^atakesa,

to obtain further, get

to place in a handy where things are well to hand, heiice where any one can get at or take them. Bemhela, v.t., walk or stroll about. Bembola, v.t., to despise, disesteem,

position,

...more.

disrespect.

Batakesa, v.t, to get, acquire, procure some more. Batalala, -z/.+to be low and spreadbe squat. Batidila, v.t., to go at the proper time and catch or meet (not at any chance time).
ing, to

Bendomoka,

v.i., to be crooked, turned aside, perverted, changed

for bad.

Bendomona,

v.t.,

to

make

crooked,

turn aside, pervert, change for

the bad, seduce, lead wrong.

Beril,
2, n.,

beryl.

Baya,

6,

taboa),a plate, slab (not very large), a solid or entire

7i.

(P.

Besama,

to be in great numbers, abound, be numerous, plentiful.

v.i.,

8i9)

Bes-Bok
continued.

Beseka, t/./., to cause to abound. Seta, v.t., to exceed, surpass, do more (in giving, working, &c.), have
more.
Betela, i betela kiki, it is befitting, becoming, this accords.

Bindakana (kwa);
obliged, to

(to), be much have some matter or business which "one feels under obligation to give prior

great obligations

attention.

-abindama,
ible.

a.,

important, indispens-

Biandungula,
hydrogen,

6,

;/.,

sulphuretted
offensive

very
to

Bindama,-)-^'./., to change, alter, be

different,

eructation.

&c., of a palaver or
;

Biangumuna,
a\v:iy,

v.t.,

seduce, draw

language only

ndinga au
is

induce another wife to leave him,

5,
;/.

man's

ibindamene,
different,
i.e.,

their language
is

locked up, ob-

Biaula,//.
row.

(Bako.), noise, clamor,

scure; e

diambu se dibindama,
takes

the palaver
pect.

different

Bidi,

6,

an abundance, a great crowd, quantity, number, mass.

;?.,

form, assumes a different as-

Bidikita,

interj.,

the noise of gallop-

Bindamwa,
to

ing buffaloes, &c., or tramping

men.
Bietula,//.
Bila,
6,
71.,

5, n.

(Bako.), chaff, banter.

through have incurred responsibilities which it is impossible to perform.

fix
,

v.i., to be in be unable to

to

reason, cause, purpose.

for,

Bindumuka,

>

v.,

to

take
oath,

e bila, conj., because,

therefore, that

so that.

Bindumuka
Binduzioka,

e ndofi
to

(2),

an

e bila kiaki {luith applied forni\

is

to swear.
v.i.,

why, for this

wind about.

reason.

e bila ye ebandu, because, for this reason.

Biondomoka, 7'./.=beiidomoka, App. Biondomona, 7'./.=bendomona, App. Bita, 2, n. (P. bento, /loly), a mark of
of a cross.

ke bila ye ebandu ko, not without

cause or reason.
Bila,
v.i.

Biza,

(Bako.), to boil.

/2X

(fcC^j

Bilama, v. {mid. v. of bidika), to abound, be abundant. Biluka, v.i,, to be well conversant or

informed.^?;- acquainted (vvith

ke biza ko, what a lot there was, &c. e nti, ke biza ko, what
!

a lot of trees there are. ke kala or -ina biza ko yo

(<S:c.),

=
;

ye or

yo), to

know

well

how

followed by an infinitive or abstract notui, how very was

,

(to=yo), be well up (in=yo) obilukidi ye Kifwalansa, he was well up in French. Biluluka, v.t., to be or turn red. Bilungi, 2, jt. (Angola), the devil.

...not

ke kikedi biza ko
it

yo nene, how very big

was,

Bimba

(e nzo),

v.,

to tie closely to-

gether horizontal
of a house.

bamboo

laths

on the inner part of the walls

what a great thing it was. ke kala or -ina biza ko yo yela, to be very ill ^r unwell kakedi biza ko yo yela, he was very far from well how ill he was. Bobalala, v.i. (Bako.)=zowalala.
;

Bimbakana, v., to embrace. Bimuka, v.i., to be heavily laden

burdened.

bobo (Bako.)=W0W0. Bobobo, 6, n., cruelty (in beating

dis-

only).

Bokelesa, v.t., to call for (something to be brought, or people, S:c.,

to come).

Bimuna, v.t., to load heavily. Bindakana (kwa), t/.z.+to be under

Boko,

6, .,

cry, shout.

BOK-BUK
Bokola,
v.i.,

820

to

be pendulous, hang
(of the breasts).
v.i.^

down low

Bokomoka ye
terly.

dilu,

to

weep

bit-

Bu, contmited. his house on the understanding that he would do the same for me.
bu-, prefix applied by the Bakonc^o to

bokoto

{j>L 6), adv.^ in

a very offen-

sive, stinking condition.

nouns
classes

dr'
it.

concording words of
sing,

Bolama, v.i.^

upon its or one's head or hang head downwards, hang down. Boleka, v.t., to stand (a thing) head downwards or upon its head.
to stand
7/.z.-f to

and

pi.

13

sing.

bu (Bako.)=owu or wau.
Buba,
v.i.

(Bako.)=bufa (App.)
vd..,

Bubalala,

to

lie

(of

something

Boloka,
Bolola,

become

filthy, abject,

great).

wretched.
7/.

Bubalala,

v.i..,

to be dark, benighted,

A 4- defile, degrade.

ignorant.

Boma, Boma, Boma,

12, n. (Bako.), fear.

v.t.

(Bako.) bama. v.i.^ to burn, be burnt also to be well cooked, not burnt or underdone. Bombola, v.t.^ to put on an edging. Bomona, v.t., to bum up, burn to
;

Bubi, 12, n. (Bako.)=bi, wiyi. Bubidi, 6, ,, darkness (mental),

norance, secrecy.

ig-

Oku

bubidi, adv.^ in the dark (concerning a matter), without knowledge, in secrecy, secretly, covertly.

ashes.

Bonda
Bondo,

v. (Bako,), to
6, .,

soothe (a child).
tuft.

a plumed

Bubidika, v.t., to put or lay down (of something great). Bubidika, v.t., to darken, render dark,
benighted, ignorant.

Bosalala,

v.i..,

to be absolutely in sub-

jection,

be governed with a firm

{root,

Bubika,

v.t.,

to

curve (the legs) beside

hand.
Boselela,

one

in sitting
v.i.,

on the ground.
escape secretly,

bosa, to crush)., to exercise lordship over, have

v.t.

Bubumuka,
to run

to

dominion over, exercise the supreme power over, govern or

rule with a firm hand.

away without letting any one know of one's intentions so as to avoid some evil.

Bosi,
i

adv..,

bosi kakwiza, he has just come.

just
;

bosi se,

now

at length,

now

at last.

Boteka,

v.t..,

to plunge the

head into

water.

Botoka, v.t. (Mboma) =katuka, p. 290. Bu, 6, ., a service rendered which is to be repaid in kind thus if a friend helps a woman to hoe an acre of ground, she owes a debt
;

Budidisa, vd., to frustrate. Budikila, v.i., to be about to do or accomplish, but have something come to prevent it, be frustrated mvovo ubudikidi, (I was going to say so, but) something occurred to prevent
;

the expression.

of service until she has helped

her helper to hoe another acre of hers nza vati e bu kiame

;

Budikila, vd., to have the water flow in through the walls during a storm e nzo ame ibudikidi,the water is coming into my house. Bufa, vJ., to lower (a price), to sell at a low (price),
;

come and do a bit of hoeing in my field to-day, I will do the same for you anTinu,

Bufu-bufu,

12,

;;.,

bluntness.

Buka,

vd., to have... flowing, to flow

with

e disli

diandi dibukidi

other day

andi

e.

ngyele fuka e nzo bu, I went and roofed

;

menga, blood was flowing

from his eye.

(821
ika muna,
^'.^,

BUK-BUW

to flow from.
in

Buka, Buka,

v.i.^

to

come

a great crowd.

Bunda-mpambu, continued. vana bunda-mpambu twele

kunkika, wc went to meet him where the road branches. Bundamena, ?'./., to mass together
for,

v.t.^

to scratch the surface of

the ground with a hoc.

Bukalala,

v.i.^

to cast oneself
fall

one's face, to

upon on one's face

against,

to

club together

(intentionally),

be turned face

for,

unite

for

(some purpose),
?'.,

or mouth (of a jug, &C.) downwards. Bukalala, v.t. (Bako.), to make use of obscene execrations. Bukamena, vJ.^ to envelop, enshroud
(as darkness, ignorance, &c.).

attack in force.

Bundana
e

vuvu

(6),

to

have mu-

tual confidence, trust.

bundu

(6),

adv., all together, all put

to be a slave of, to,

together, in bulk, wholesale.

Bundukina,
a
e

v.i.,

bukamena
Bukidika,

futwa
to put

('6),

to take

or through.

steam, vapour bath.

v.t.^

bundukutu,
state.

adv., in a very dusty

down

face or
(a

mouth downwards, put

bler, &c.)

tum-

Bundumuka,

v.i.,

to

be diffused
v.,

(of

Bukolo,

12,

//,,

upside down. (Bako.), disobedience.

an odour).

Bundumuna e nsunga (2),

an odour
to ditfuse

to cause

Bukwila, -z/.z., to sell (liquids) retail. commit an Bula e eyanga (8),

-t/.,

itself.

offence.

e bula-kati, adv.^ equally (of division),

in half.

Bunga, Bunga, Bunga,

Z/./.+ destroy.
12, n.
v.t.

(Bako.)=:nya, App.

(Bako.), to give, bestow,

used only in a complaint that

to

Bulana,

be divided, in a state of division, be divided into parv.i.^

a thing is not given kumbungidi ma nkutu ko, you did

;

ties.

not give
v.t.^

me

anything (waste a

Bululula,

to divide

up again.

thing on me).

Buma,

v.t.^ to smite or strike with something great or sickness umbumini o yela, he smote

Bungu, 8, 7/. (Bako,), reason, motive ebungwa, App.

nkia bungu
reason.
(Bako.), why, for

what
shed

him with

sickness.

or seize by force. grope about (in the dark or as a blind man). Bumi, 12, n. (Bako.), fish poison =
v.t.^

Bumba,

to take

Bungula,

v.t.-\-\o

pour

forth,

Bumbula,

zaz.,

to

forth.

wimi. Bumvalala, v.i.^

Bungwa, 6, ., a vase, jar, pot. Buni (Bako.), conj., then, well buni twenda kweto, let
then.

then

us go

to be protuberant (of

the forehead, lips, &c.).

Bunda, 6,

a partnership in trapping. leka e bunda (yo), v., to enter into such a partnership (with).
;/.,

Bunkiita Busa, 12,

12, n. (Bako.), fear.

Bunda,

v.t.^

to

make a
(6),
z/.,

slave raid, to

raid for slaves.

Bunda

vuvu

to

impose con-

walk or use one's legs at all. fwa busa, to be unable to walk, to be very backward in walking. Butika nua (4), v., to be silenced. Butukulu, 6, ., a sphere, anything
n. (Bako.), inability to

fidence, trust.

spherical.

ke -bundwanga vuvu ko, /., uncertain,

Butukulu,

6, n.

(Bako.), the nature,

relax one's

untrustworthy.
6,
;/.,

natural condition or habit.

the point

Bunda - mpambu,

Buwa

ntima
hardness,

(4), v.i., to

where two roads branch off;

quarrelsomeness,

BUW-DIA!

822

Buwa
Buzie,

ntima, continued.
sternness,
severity,

become

Dasidika, v.t., to satisfy. e de (6), adiK, just the same=dedede,

p. 259.

agreeable.
12,

n.

(Bako.), littleness, the

Debola,

v.t.,

to take a very little at a

being too small. -abuzie, a. (Bako.), small, too small. Bwakuku, 6, ., the fungus of dry rot,
also

time.

Dedangana, v.i., Dedangesa, v.t.,

ment
Deka,
v.i.,

to

be jerked.

to jerk.

that which

destroys

the

Deka-, 10 of the standards of measure{e.g.

palm-tree.

dekameta deca-

Bwala,

13, n.

(Nsundi), town, village.

to destroy, ren-

meter =10 metres).

out, rise, of the a spark, sparkle used only of small points of

Bwanduka,

7/.z.=baiiduka.
v.t.^

to

come

Bwangalakesa,

stars, shine as

der useless,

nullify, spoil,

wreck.
di-

Bwanguna,

v.t.,

to cut off

a piece,

light.
7/. + to take a very little (of anything) at a time. Dekozioka, v.i., to be constantly

vide by cutting right through,

Dekola,

seldom tcsed of aiiythiiig which is not hollow.

Bwasumuna,
Bwazi,
12,
Jt.

v.t.,

to talk

on endlessly,

nibbled.
se dekozioka, the feeling of cramp, weakness, &c., in the legs after a long sickness is thus expressed the legs are being nibbled. Desi-, the tenth part of the standards
:

expatiate.

malu

(Bako.)=wazi. Bwe, 6, 71., one who falls. bwe kia malavu (8//.), a wretched
drunkard, a slave to drink.
v.i.,

Bwembwena,
bers,

to

abound,

be in great numbe numerous,

fall

of measurement

{e.g.,

desimeta

plentiful.

= decimetre = yo
upon,

of a metre;.

Bwidila, v.t. (Bako.), to pounce, seize upon.

Desima,
di-, see

2, n.,

a decimal,

note at

commencement

of E,

Bwimi,
Bwita,

12,

;/.

(Bako.),

meanness,

App.
-^-^ formative prefix of the reflexive

stinginess.
v.i.

form
u-) bwita, to

in all tenses.

ntima

(4,

have one's

thirst slaked.

Nzambi wadikalanga kuna ezulu, God is in heaven,

-adi, v., defective
;

Bwitalala, v.i., to be darkened, become, made dark. Bwiti, 12, n. (Bako.), honey. Bwitidika, v.t., to darken, make dark. Bwitidilwa, v.i., to be benighted, belated.

see tinder
is

edi -ina diau, this (I) think that.

edi Tina diau
edi-...VO,

A. (my) opinion,

? do you think then ? prcf applied to pers. pro-

Bwivi,

12,

;/.

(Bako.)^wivi.

they, &c., thought that

nouns, ediame, ediau, &c. I, edieto

;

vo bakama
thought
caught.
that

tubakama, we we should be
didi,

D.
Danda,
v.i.,

edi

ndenda kuvangila aka

this is all that
I

can do for you.

to

be
to

full.

Diabonda, 7, n., sweetheart, Diadi dina vo, co7tj., since, forasmuch

as.

Dandisa,

v.t.,

fill.

Dasanana,
ated.

v.i.,

to

be

satisfied,

sati-

ediaka mpe, conj., then too. ye diaka diaka, cojij., again

(in

823)
Dikalala,
7/./.,

DiA-DiN
to

taka

mpe,

continued.
in

be

in

discourse),

the next place,

fect silence

&

stillness,

a state of perbe stag-

secondly,

& further. When

and
?

used
lies

nant.

suspiciously
tively,

interroga-

what then
all this ?

what

Dikaya, 7, n., old & sour palm wine. Diki {pi. meki), 7, ;/. (Kib.),an egg.
Dikila,
^'./.,

behind

to graft a scion into

a
is

Diambu, 7, ;z., + opinion. e diambu -ina diau,

opinion.
i

tree {the object

this is

of the verb
the
(of

(my)
is

the tree,

7iot

scion

see

dika, App.).

diambu

didi

ngina dian,
ludi,
it

this

Dikita,

7/./.,

to

run

something
calculate,

my
e

opinion.
is

great).

diambu yamu
clear,
it is

quite

Dikula,

7',/.,

to

reckon,
all

deed
true.

it

very certain, true inwas, it was only too

think over, put

the facts to-

gether, give full consideration.

Dikulula,

7/./.,

to feed over again, to

;

walekela, a respectful preamble for the commencement of an address. landa mambu {j)l. 7), ^., to torture.

omu diambu oko

graft in again

see dika,

Dikumuka,

v.i.,

to start

App. up or off,

rush away, be frightened & run away, be aroused or awake with

start,
(4,

be

startled.

mambu, nkama ya nsambu a mbumba, the countless things. kosi, kutatu ova kati e diambu
;

ntima

u-)

dikumuka,

a slight

spasm

of the heart (supposed to

dina ko (proverb), there must be some reason for all this ///. one & three, but there is something between. Dianu VO, conj., therefore. ( The ap;

be the result of being mentioned by some one far away). Dikumuna, v.t.^ to startle &: cause to run, waken with a start.

Dilwa,

6,

n.,

tasty stuff to eat with

one's bread or kwanga, whether

pliedform is not required when dianu or diau is thus combined

ivith VO.)

meat or vegetable.

Dima,

pi. 6,

;;.,

stain,

dye, colouring

matter, ink.

Diatidila,

v.,

to

ram

tightly (by

any

means).

Diau vo= dianu vo, App.

Diawa

Dia-yuma,
ton.

dimosi, see -a, App. 6, n., a great eater, a glut-

Dima, 7/./., to catch hold of. Dima, 7/./., borrow at interest. Dimbu, 6, ;/. sia e dimbu, 7'., to take note
(mentally).

of

Dimbuna,
Dimisa,

v.t.,

to choose, select.

(Bako.)-=diya. Didima, v.i., to thunder, make a thundering noise. Diekomoka, v.i., to laugh heartily. cleverness, cunning, Diela, 7, n., sense intelligence, mind.

Diba,

6, n.

v.t.,

lend at interest.
(5) (Kib.),
7/.,

Dimuna kintodi

to kill

pour the blood of a human victim over a corpse. Dindusu, 7,;/. (Bako.), lumps in farin-

&

Diele {pres. per/, of kwenda-f-/r^

of cl. 7 sing.). diele e kieleka vo, of a truth, truly,
it is

indeed true that.

to ingraft {the object
is

aceous food. Ding^ka, v.t., to restrain, keep still, delay, check, impede, stop. Ding^ndu, 7, ;/., a muscular fellow, also a species of hornet which
does not sting
Dinsiensia,
7,
(?)

Dika,

7/./.,

of the
;

verb

the scion, not the tree

n.

(P. licen?a),

per-

see dikila,

App.

mission, excuse

me

Din-Ebo
Dinsunga-nsunga,
oil, Slc.

824

7, '^m something having a perfume, a perfumed

E.
e-,

Dio-dio,

6,

;i.,

hunger which seems

to

in-

the

Bakongo

&

others often drop

;

satiable.

the prefix e from nouns in e

Dionga,
Dionso,

7>J.,

peer

(into,

over,

between Matadi

&

Lukunga
;

it

under, &c.).
7,

u.,

the least particle,

;

bit,

the least or faintest trace kana dionso nkutn ke bezidi diau

ko, they did not bring the least particle of it

ke bena ya dionso dia wonga ko,

they have no fear at
all.

is often replaced by dievata, vata, divata. Ebala, 8, n., a large squirrel having a striped back, eyes large, tail slightly bushy, white belly. Ebamba-ngolo, 8, n., a brave, a champion, a warrior.

Ebanda,

8, n.,

reason, cause, purpose.

Dituka,

7AZ.,

to

make a

noise as of a

free fight.

nkindu

(2, i-)

dituka, to break out

please
I

{Seldom tcsed) see bila & eyandu. Eyandu is a far more cojHinon form.

into a free fight.

Ebanga,
!
!

8,

n.,

Do

inierj.,

pray you
(-aku,
to

raphia
boo."

vinifera

a large mid rib of palm, "bamstyle of

beseech you.

Dodokolo
Dokalala,

di-

&c.),

if

(you)

EbangU,

8, n.,

way or

mak-

please.
?'./.,

ing things.

be persistent

in,

to

Ebantiku,

continue doggedly.

Dokama,
Dole,
e
6,
71.

v.t.,

to begin,

commence.

(Makuta) = dwele (App.).

(6),

8, ;/., the point from which something was commenced. Ebefele, 8, ;/., a seed husk, unbroken but empty through atrophy.

dudulu

adv., with a fat belly, of

otily.

living creatures

Ebembele, Ebembia,
Ebese,
Ebidi,

8, n., 8,

a piece, fragment.

n.,
left

great

patch

of

Duduna, v.t..^ to pull & snap in two. Duka, v.t.., to be exceedingly abusive,
execrate strongly, swear
at.

jungle
S, .,

unburnt.

a plaited cord (of palm

frondlets, &c.).
8, n., an abundance, a great crowd, quantity, number, mass,

Duka,

7'.z'.,

to protrude, stick out.

nua
Duku,

(4)

aduka,
.,

n.,

a prognathous

jaw.

the many, the greater part.

a small drum having a diaphragm on each end, & played during the wailing for
6,

Ebiki,

8, .,

earnestness, keenness, ex-

ceeding
for),

greatness
(of

(of

desire

intensity

longing or

the dead.

Dukula,

v.i..,

to

move
a

(of the fetus in

utero).

a sense of the exceeding greatness of something, hetice inlove), the radical idea beitig

Dumbalala, Dumbelele,

6, .,

girl,

young mai-

tense

desire

for

it

muna

den.
to
fly,

ebiki dia nzola audi, through

Dumuka,

v.i.,

jump.
through drink or

Dungiana,

v.i.,

to be in a stupid con-

Ebindika,

the greatness of his love. 8, ;/., the manner of locking

dition, either

or steering.

severe sickness.

Duvula, v.t., to abuse foully. Owele, 6, n., a siluroid fish

an undersized
child.

living in
;

muddy lakelets & swamps

also

Ebindiku, 8, n., locking, steering; ebindiku dia nzaza ke diambu diandwelo ko, the steering of a ship is no small matter.
Ebo,
8,
;/.,

sediment, floating scum,

825

Ebo-Efw

Ebo, continued.
cream, yeast.

Ebobolo,

Eboko,

= ebululu, App. a camp, a regular resting-place for travellers, a place

8,
//.

8, .,

Edia, continued. edia dia nsi eto diakaka, the food of our country is different. -edienga, a.^ acceptable, much to be
desired.

in
is

a town where a daily market held the town square or

;

e edikiadv.(/'rom dikalala), still, quiet,

-ediki,
a., still,

quiet.
in

" palaver place."

fuku

(13)

wediki,

the

still

-eboko,

{from bokola, see p. 254). nkombo (2) a maboko, the goat

a.

presented in token of submission,

hush of night, when all are hushed very late at night, in the middle of the night.
;

tombe
v.,

(6)

kiediki,

still,

hushed,

vana
Ebolo,

nkombo a maboko,

to

darkness.

treat for peace.

8, .,
ti.

Edilu,

the uncircumcised organ.

Ebu,

8,

8, ;/. {generally pi.), a feeding ground, a place where people or animals feed.

zinga e ebu,

?'., to pass over some breach of discipline or wrong, in hope that it will not be again committed, with the intention that should it recur, this previous case should be punished.

Edimbu,

8,

w.+a

viscid

mass

(as of

half melted glue, metal, glass,

&c.).

Ediongi,

8,

;/.,

the very centre, the far

interior.

Edunia,

8,

;z.,

Ebu

(Bako.) = owu.
8, .,

Efingidikiti,

8,

a stupid fellow, a fool. stomach of a ;/., the

rat.

Ebubulu,

an unripe or blighted

nsizi or

calabash, a stupid fellow, a fool,

a great hulk of a fellow. -ebubulu, a., foolish, stupid, Ebumba, 8, ;/. = ebuiida, App. Ebumbu (8) dia ebumbu, n., perfect
ignorance.

Efongo, 8, ;/., a flat place. Efuba, 8, n., the green fruit of a tree, the fruit of which reddens when ripe, an unripe fruit of such
tree.

Efubu
;

(8)

dia

munse

(3)

.,

a soft

Ebunda,

a bundle of "medicine " (fetish) see mfula, App. Ebunda (8) dia kulu (9),??., the thigh.
8,
;/.,

immature sugar cane.

Efula,
S,
;/.

mona
Efuluta,

mafula,
8, n.,

v.,

to be regular as

Ebunda-vumu, 8, ., profit in trade. Ebungwa, 8, ,, excuse, subterfuge,

something to say
for

regards one's bowels.

fury, rage.

oneself

Efunda,
Efuta,
8,

8, n. -f

(generally untrue <7ra mis-state-

dle of 1,000
;z.,

a bundle, hence a buna thousand.

;

ment
as

also reason, cause, used

(6).

the payment, the

sum or

kuma

price paid.
v.,

vala

mabungwa,

to

make an
story

excuse, to concoct
in excuse, to

some

make a
.,

defence.

Ebwe (Bako.)=aweyi.
Ebwengelekete,
8,

clod,

lump,

crystal (of salt), grain (of sand).

Ebwese,

8, ;/-,

one of 3

i?r

4 rows of

laths

in the finishing lines of

the wall of a house.

Ebwila,
Edia,

8, .,

an

alluvial plain.
stuff,

8, n., that which comes to one by birthright, inheritance, portion (not necessarily coming through the death of another). vwa e efwafwa, v., to inherit. Efwatakala, 8, n., a species of grass, the blades of which are covered with a long, soft down. Efwe, 8, ;/., a plot of ground. Efweke, 8, n., one who is utterly

Efwafwa,

8, .,

food

food generally.

stupid.

Efw-Eko
Efwema,
8,
;/.

826

(Bako.), offence (taken),

Ekasa,
Ekati,

8, ?z

a squirrel.
the inward parts, the in-

annoyance, anger.

8,

;/.,

baka efwema, v., to take offence, be offended, become angry. Efwenka, 8, ;?., friction, intense irritation,

terior of the

whole body,

intes-

tines, bowels.

Ekau,

an overmastering passion,

8, ;z., a portion, share, an allotment, portion contributed, con-

malignity, malice, bitter hate, sia e efwenka, ?'., to be in a state of friction, to feel maliciously

tribution.

towards, hate, abandon one'sself to passion about.

Ekaya, 8, ;z., a greeting, salutation. ekaya -kika dia..., to greet with the news that... ekaya ba;

Efwenka-fwenka,

8, ?/., a monster, a very large specimen (of chil-

nkikidi dia mwana andi OVUtukidi, they greeted him with the news that his boy had
returned.

dren, cubs, &c.).

Efwese-fwese

(8)

dia

n.,

loose

Ekembo,

8,

;/.,

pleasure, the sense of

(earth or sand).

pleasure, joy, delight

is the

efwese-fwese diadi dia esenge ke

experience,

nkembo ekembo is
;

disimakananga

tungwa ya

the condition

which makes
after,

it

nzo ko, you cannot set the uprights of a house in this loose
sand.

possible {see ewete, App.).

Eketo,

8, n.,

an intense desire
lust,

mad
pres. indef. indie,

craving after,
;

passion,

-eka

V.

dcf.,

only

zeal

eketo dia
is

maza kena

(Bako.), to be.

dian, he

mad

for water.

kuna

nsi etu ka, bubi

are

mambu mengi mebweka kaka,

there

Ekitu,

8,

7/.,

metamorphosis, change,

altered appearance, transfiguration.

trict,

Ekabu, Ekabu,

8,

palavers in our disalways wickedness. ;/., a free gift.

;/.,

many

Ekobe,

8,

;/.,

man
Ekoka,

a very powerfully-built or carnivorous animal.

to

8,

a greedy, avaricious per-

8, n.

son.

fwa
//.,

e ekoka,

?'.,

be unable to
in learning

Ekabu,

8,

man

of

immense
Ekolo,

walk, very
to walk.
8,
;/.,

backward

strength.

Ekalamanga,
Ekami,
8,
?/.,

8, ?/., a very large dog or any carnivorous animal.

the shank or shin, hence^

dia, from beside, from
feet

vana ekolo
only).

an obligation
;

to,

a ne-

or at the

of (of persons

cessity

ekami ngina diau dia kwenda, I must go, I am

e

obliged to go.
sia e

ekami

(dia), v., to
(to),

be very
very

Ekolo, 8, ., a knot [a register of time (kolo), being often marked by knots].

determined

make a
(to).

Ekombe,

8, .,

a long stretch of plan.,

strong resolution

teau or ridge.

Ekaminu, 8, ;/., a pressing place, ekaminu dia vinyo, a wine press. Ekanda, 8, ;;., the key-note in music. EkangU, 8, //., a covenant, agreement,
bond.

Ekomongo,
Ekonde,

8,

dyspnoea, painful

breathing.
8, n. (P.

conde), the knave

{generally pi. \ cun-

(in cards).

Ekani,
sia
e

8,

.,

intention, purpose, reso-

lution, idea, thought, plot.

ekani,

v.,

to

plot,

devise

Ekondeka, Ekoneka, Ekonge, 8, mug,

) )

8, n.

ning, craft, stratagem.

.,

the handle of a cup,

the

(S:c.

against.

Ekongo diangani,

8,

?/.,

Congo

(827

Eko-Em".
8, .,

Ekongo diangani,

continued.

Elambi-lambi,

the unrcasoninj;
fashion

Free State, Atat Ind^endant du Congo. mwisi Ekongo diangani, an inhabitant of the Congo Free
State.
8, n., a piece of furnace slag or hard pieces of iron ore which present the appearance of furnace slag. Ekono, 8, ;;., a point reached in a discussion, one item out of many to be touched upon, a head in a discourse or debate, a chapter in a book, a paragraph.

imitation of others, the habit of

following the

or ex-

example
like

of

others,

following

Ekongwankela,

sheep through a gap. e elambi-lambi, to follow the fashion, do what we see others do, whether good, bad or indifferent to follow like sheep through a gap. Elambu, 8, w., a feast. Elanga, 8, ., a large, broad hoe. Elalangoma, 8, ;/., a flat thing or

kwenda

place.

Ekova, 8, ;/. (Mpa.), the navel. EktO- (Fr. hecto), loo of the standards of measurement {e.g. ektometa = hectometre, = loo
metres).

-elalangoma, Elaza, 8, //.

a., flat,

even at the top.

mBl^za,, pi. only, empty talk, senseless rubbish.

Ele=tu

(the particle),

sec p. 433

&

App.
-ele, />erf. of

Ekulu,

8,

;/.,

the most ancient times,

kwenda,

to go.

the earliest ages.

Elei,

3,

//.

(P. rei), the

.,

king

(in cards).

Ekumba, Ekumbu,

8,

;/.,

a protruding navel.
noise, roar, roaring of

Eleko,

8,

a chord of music.

The
of the

8, .,

following are the

names

waves.

ivory horns set to the

.,

Ekuminu,
Ekunda,
cal,

8,

a stop, a point of
mi',
do',
sol,

punctuation.
8, n.,

chord luenze,
:

common

10.
6.
2.

a self-sown plant.

sengele,

Ekunkwa,
ware
Ekuti,

8,., cone,

something coni-

ngandu,
8.

a conical stool of earthen;

mi, evula,

hence, a point, headland,

do, koka-titi, 6.

cape, promontory.
-x

the sound of the key-note, ekanda,

8.

;/.,

8,

a group, gathercluster,
flock,

Ekutu, I Ekutu-kutu, J

ing,

Elemba,

8, .,

the

charm

referred to

herd, crowd.

Ekutuwa, 8, Ekuzuka, 8,

n.,
n.,

a coat, jacket. a transgression.

7toini

Ekwa,

8, .,

how many ? what num-

under lemba, App. ese dia elemba, the man who is to be regarded as the father of one who has been initiated into
the doctor of elemba. Elembe, S,n. About or until the years 1860-1865, elembe was a word which filled all who heard it with fear. The cry of "elembe edio" would stop a caravan of traders, & make them submit to capture or death without a struggle. It

ber {treated as a lows) :

as folleft ?

ndembo. nganga (2) a elemba,

ekwa

disidi,

how many
inter,

are

ekwa-ekwa,

pron.^

how

many each ?

Ekwa
Ekwe,

(8)

dia nzazi

(2),

?;.,

tiny scales

of mica.
interj.,

oh
I

oh that

{regret)

ekwe kala vo nsumbidi

oh
!

kio,

that

had bought

it^

Ekwende, 8, . makwende, //.,

.s|?e,p-5ickness.

Ele-Eni
Elembe, continued.

828

horror, such as witchcraft, which

no one understands & everyone believes in so the cry of elembe paralysed the hearers,
;

Elongi, continued. been bereaved, after some 4 or 5 days have elapsed, the
friends

meet

to

console

him,

vana

e elongi.

They render

&.
is

prevented
difficult

all resistance.

It

understand why the word had such an effect, but so notorious is it that the time
to

when it became the means of much wrong &; abuse is spoken of as the tandu kia elembe.
Such crazes are not uncommon kiyoka, kinyambi, App. Elemena, 8, //., a great desire, liking
see

thanks that he has so far recovered from his grief as to come out of his house to receive them he then returns thanks to them for bringing wine, &
;

coming
house

to fetch

&

him out of the away from his grief,

adding, ntondele

kwame own
am
you

nuvangidi yeno, kitondele wo mbeni, ko own kavangidi

or

taste.

wa Nkadi-ampemba,
have done, but not
for

elemena diamaza, a burning thirst, elemena dia nsafu, a great liking

for nsafu.

thankful to you for what

what the

Elengo,

8, w.

+ the

resinous sap of the

adversary, the devil, has done. ElongO, 8, n. -+- the place in the
" bush " where a " mystery " or

elengo or lengo-lengo tree, used as medicine for " craw-craw."

"rite"

is

has a very powerful smell when burnt, & burns fiercely Jiejtce as an equivaletit for sulIt

natives affirm

performed, which the is hke or identi-

cal with circumcision.

Elu(Bako.) = olu.

phur, brimstone.

Elenzi, 8, //., the loathing of food after over-feeding {see lenza) see
;

Eluema, Elunga,
Elusa,

8, 8,

;/.,
;/.,

desire, longing.

mid-day, arrival at the

zenith.

also lenzi,

App.

Eleza,

8,

;/.,

a lazy fellow.
brightness,

-eleza,

a.^ lazy.

a great appreciation of something, hence an earnestness of endeavour to obtain it, zeal,

8,

.,

Elezi-lezi,

8, ., brilliance,

so greediness.

splendour.
-elezi-lezi,
a.,

Elusu,

8, .,

the larger pieces which

gleaming, shining with

are imperfectly crushed, ground

splendour, brilliant.

Elolo

dia mputu, ., custard or sweet apple. Elonda, 8, ., reason, purpose, cause. for what reason or e elonda, why purpose ? because, for the reason that. i elonda didi(wzM appl.form), this is why, this is the reason, this
(8)
.?

Ema

or pounded in such processes. (Bako.)=oma.

Emeraude, 2, ., emerald. Emiangana, 8, ., a welcome, greeting of or by women, "tumiangana."

Emoni, 8, n. mamoni, pL,

head.

wits,

sense,

genius,

is

how
8,
;/.,

it is.

Emu
;

(Bako.)=omu.
8, n.,

Elongi,

a lesson, example, warning, discipline, chastening bansidi se elongi, they made an example of him.
e

Enangu,
Enatu,

length of time spent in

staying.
8,
;;.,

a burden, load, some-

thing carried, cargo.

vana

elongi,

v.^

to

comfort,

Endu (Bako.)=oyu.
Eniemo,
8, .,

console.

When

any one has

a trap,

in

which a log

(829)
Eniemo, continued. of wood falls athwart the animal also a press. Enunga, 8, ;/., the amount to which a
;

Eni-Esi

spring

is

bent or of a curve.
trembling (of delight

Epele,

8, w., fete.

Ese, continued. it is preceded by a or an apostrophe ; the final e is elided before a (Sr e. Kw' es^ ame, to my father o s' eto, our father. // is nearly always a ist class
;

Epiipiipu,

8,

/;.,

noun
e tata
s'
!

see also note

on p. 271.

or

fear).
//.,

father

Esafu,

8,

uncleanness, foulness, deunclean, foul,

polluted,

filement, pollution, obscenity,

-esafu,

^.,

disgusting, obscene.

ame, my father. yo mwana, father & son. se wabula, the father is dead, wele kwa tata, he is gope to

yo

se

Esaku,

8, ., rat

hunting.

father.

Esalala,

8, .,

Esambilu,
Esangala,

8,

a wild gourd. place of worship, ;/., a

When

ese

is

followed by
it is

ati adj.

or

adjectival clause^

treated as

church, chapel, synagogue.

a place or hollow or thing which contains the idea

8,
;/.,
;

being that
.

it

is

something ex-

a noun of the Zth class; ese diambote, a good father, ese dia elemba, n. When a person has completed his initiation
into the ndembo mystery, the doctor appoints some man to be

terior,

inside^

leaving a holloiu cavity an encompassing body,

tradition,

cell.
;/.,

considered

his father,

who

is

Esansu, 8

matter handed
to another.

called

ese dia
})';

elemba (god-

down or fiom one

Esansu,
8, .,

father

see

lemba, App.

condition of things dur-

ese dia nzila a ezulu, ese dia

ing a certain period, a dispensation, period of administration,

all

ngwa,

es'

audi a

mumungwa, n.,
;

a god-father or

mother

see

that concerns a period.

mungwa, lemba
App.
Esela,
8,
;/.,

mwana,
hill.

Esanzamu, 8, ., an expanse. Esanzu (8) dia kaya, ., a liberality which ruins, by giving away
everything possessed. Esasa, 8, n.^ a large hole in the interior. Esasala, 8, ;/.

the

flat

top of a

Esemba, Esemo,

8, .,

the habit of boasting.

n., making, creation, a 8, bringing into shape or being,

first

generation, evolution, the

times,

kala e esasala, to be
heavy),

light (not

when things were

cre-

ated, the beginning, the earliest

Ese,

8, n.

is

the

The usage of ese & tata, same as father & papa

;

ages, times or days.

tuka kuna esemo, from

first

the very

in

English i.e.^ where it would be proper to use papa, tata is used papa & tata are used in addressing, not with possessive pronouns (my father, not my papa), they are used in speaking of the father (papa is coming). Ese must be used where father & son are contrasted. A Kongo slave speaks of his master as his father yery often. The initial % is dropped, unless
;

times, ever since the world

began.

Esenselo,

8,

//.,

a port.
fixed,

Esewa,

8, n.,

the circumcised organ.

(by).

-esika-sika (yo, &c.), appointed,

named
Esikilu,
8,

.,

a drum

of globular

shape
funerals

(cavalry),

played

at

&

state occasions.

Esiku,

8, .,

a sure place, an estab-

lished position, a standing, position, post, rank.

Eso-Ete
Esoki,
8,

830

.=iisoki[(4), p. 392.

Esomba, 8, ;/., a sharpened piece of mbasa buried in the ground

point upwards, so as to pierce

Etamba. matamba, j!^/.

8, ., lupus exedens, a rodent ulcer which destroys the nose, &c.

the feet of trespassers in gardens, &c.

Etamba,

8, ;/., information as to the sickness or death of a relative

Esoneka,

8,

?/.,

a style or manner of

writing.

or some disaster which has befallen him.

Esonso, 8, ;/., the point at which fire was applied in setting anything on fire also a small patch of .fire, as when jungle is burning each little straggling patch of fire is an esonsO.
;

Etambu,

8,

;?,,

good fortune

in catch-

ing with traps

&

snares.

Etampala,

8,

;/.,

a flimsy, rotten thing

that goes to pieces at a touch.

Etanda, 8, ;/., circular mats of the same make as the native baskets.

Esumbu,
sia e

8, n.,

the price.
7/.,

esumbu,
for.
;/.,

to

name a
7/.,

price,

Ete,

8,

ft.,

the saliva.
v., to

ta or vuna e esumbu,
gain

to bar-

mina

e ete,

take breakfast,

break the
a stitch of basting.
see elusa,
saliva,

fast (z>.,

swallow the
for

Esumpu,
Esunga, Esungi,

8, 8, 8,

which has
the

so long
in

;/., ;f.,

App. cretonne & any

been
like

only thing

the

mouth).

cloth of floral design printed in

many
Esunia,
8, .,

colours

on a

coloured

ground.
a tooth which protrudes
lips,

beyond the
tache.

also

mous-

Esuta, 8, ;?., a hurry. kala kuna esuta, to be in a hurry. ku esuta kena, he is in a hurry. Esutu, 8, ., the uncircumcised organ, -esutu, uncircumcised (of the organ, also very bad not individuals) indeed (a most indignant &
;

minu-ete, 6, ., breakfast, ete dia ewawa, hunger in the morning, supposed to be caused by a new secretion of saliva. Ete, an imperative particle giving ejnphasis to a comma)idj wenda ete, go then. When the Etekola, 8, ., a vault. grave is dug for a man of some position, it is customary to dig a vault or recess in the side at Into this the body the bottom.
.

is

placed, to avoid

its

sinking

abusive term), scurrilous, utterly

into the floor of the grave,

when
fillin<;

abominable

&

useless.

the earth sinks in after

up.
It is

Eswekameno,
Eta,
interj.^

8, ., a place of hiding. a particle implyitig great respect^ your honour, excellency, majesty tufiaukidi eta, we much obliged (to your are
;

imagined that
itself.

this is

due

to the sinking of the floor

of the grave

Etekwa, ovinda
aza
{proverb),

nkome oku mpimasanza nki wasala

e
!

grace).

eta enters into the composition of

ingeta==inga eta,
lord.

i.e.

so,

my

O bracken if you send up your new frond (like a closed fist) in the season when the jungle is burnt, what will be
left for
is
(it

Etadi,

8,

;r.

+a

stone, also

a secret

the

first

rains

.-'

i.e.,

it

&g^^ to prevent a fowl from understanding that

name used for an

too late to urge

that

now

has been burnt up by the

8,
;/.,

her eggs were being talked of. etadi (8) dia esenge, ., sandstone.

fire).

Etenda,

in advl. clause only.

831

Ete-Evo

Stenda, continued. ova etenda, in the

sij^ht

of

all,

in

Evamba, continued. made homage &

roll in

the dust,

public place {sec tendoka).

ova etenda-nkongolo, before

open
Etetelo,
8,

court,

an before an assembled

such a great find, that this homage is to induce it to come again.

as to a great chief.
It is

multitude.
//.,

Evanga,

8,

;;.,

L^
(2),

the place of execution.

Evanga
Evangu,

.^lony.
is

dia nsi
8,
;r.,

Etiangi,

8, .,

tall fellow.

that which
action.

done or

Etima,

8, .,

the great

aim or

object,

made, a deed,

the thing most desired, the desire of one's heart, the subject

Evanga,
Eveko,

8, .,

purpose, raison detre,

of intense feelings, hence even

a hindrance, delay, excuse, reason for not doing some8, .,

of revengeful feelings

zeal.

thing.

nkwa

etima, one who has set or sets his heart on something, one who is much in earnest,
(
I )

Evela,

8, ;/.-|-a

small bare place (on

desire, longing.

the ground, &c.).

Evelema,

8,

;/.,

zealous, fervent in spirit.

Evendwa,
etima,
error.

8,

;/.

(Solongo), mistake,

sia e etima dia...

v., to set

t^r

sia...e

one's heart on, to

make

Evene,

8, ., 8,

nakedness.
n.,

...the great object (of endeavour,

S:c.),

Evengwa,

an omission, some-

to

be

much

in earnest,

thing or

some person omitted

;

zealous, assiduous, industrious

in doing, getting,
(S:c.,
,

make up

one's mind to seek or do most diligently. Etingu, 8 {generally p I.) ;/., insolence. Etinti, 8, ., proud reserve. Etita, 8, ., the feathering of an arrow,

a feather toy windmill, a windmill.

Etoka,

8,

;/,,

an even number,
even.

-etoka,

a.^

Etompolo, 8, n. = etampala, App. Etondo, 8, ;/,, a fungus mass growing under the ground. Etu(Bako.) = otU& etO. Etuku, 8, ;/. + the book of Genesis. Etuluka, 8, ;/., maturity, puberty,
marriageable age (of either sex). Etwenga, 8, ;/., a soft, tender thing
not yet properly hard or mature.
is

or to be omitted or excepted aleke awonso, Bukusu evengwa all the boys but or except Bukusu. ) 8, ;/., a dull, dirty, tarnished Eveso, appearance. Evesoka, j Evika, 8, ;/., a place where any one at anything is to be surely found nzeye die evika diandi, 1 know where he is always. Evilanu, 8, ., bird's ^gg, &. sometimes used of fowl's eggs, lest the fowl should hear her eggs spoken of, & stop laying.
,
;

Evilukilu

(8)

dia ntima (4),

.,

oppor-

tunity for repentance.

Evimbu, 8, n. + the body,

a
tree), bulk.
8,

the trunk (ot

Evinza,

.,

cultivated country,

which

part
/ience

where

there

are
i.e.,

farms,

the country,

away

-etwenga, a., soft, tender. Eva (Bako)=ova.

Evamba, 8, n. mavamba, pl.^ nonsense. Evamba, 8, ;/., a small edible mushroom, growing in great abundance, which the people never venture to pluck until they have

from the towns. Evoka, 8, ., a broad, flat Evola, 8, ;/., paralysis.

valley.

mbevo a
Evolo,
8, n.

evola, a paralytic.
adv.,
;

mavolo,

in

peace,

safely,

quietly

unu

mwana

olele
slept

mavolo, to-day the child

Evo-Eyi
Evolo, conti7med.
quietly
;

832)

Ewanda,
in

8,

;/.,

the

manner of striking.
thrill,

wenda mavolo, go

Ewawa,
Ewete

8, n.,

a shudder,

peace.

ete dia

ewawa,

see ete,

App.
in
the
pi.

EvongO, 8, ;/., something given, expended or employed in the full expectation of ample returns. Evongona, 8, ??., a hole of large area,
not necessarily deep
large ulcer.
;

{generally

used

a very

Evoso, 8, 7z., a foolish, witless fellow. Evudidila, 8, ;/., greed, avarice, that which makes a man exact more than is his due. nzimbu zevudidila, money taken
in excess of one's due.

mawete), 8, ?z., pleasure, that which is the source of wete. Wete is the experience, ewete the condition which makes it possible; see ekembo, App. Ewole, 8, ;/., a thorny creeper.

Ewombolo,
piece

8,

n.,

a decayed, rotten
house,

of

wood-work,

canoe or piece of fire-wood ewombolo dia nzo diadi, this

is

a rotten house.
8,
7t.,

Evuku-vuku, 8, n., inducement. kala ye evuku-vuku, v., to be

duced.

Ewonzo,
in-

medicine enclosed

in

piece of palm frondlet.

Ewu
an ivory horn giving the

(Bako.)=owu.
8,
71.

Evula,

8, n.,

Ewulumuna,

note of

"mi"

(the 3rd) in the

set.

mawulumuna
Ewuta,
e
8,
;/.,
;

{pi.),

endless

talk,

chord to which they are

gossip, twaddle, chatter.

Evuin"ba, 8, n.^ food stuff wrapped up in a leaf, &c., for roasting. Evunza-, with a noun suffixed^ an excuse or something to prevent

a bearing, a bringing

mwana audi, diantete, she brought forth her child, her first bearing
forth

owutidi

ewuta
the
8,
;

what

is

expressed by the noun

{i.e.,

first
7t.,

she ever bore).

suffixed.

Ewutuka,

the birth, the being

evunza-salu, something which prevents or impedes work, an en-

cumbrance.

evunza-vewa, an
giving.

excuse for

not

born tuka ewutuka diandi, from his birth. Eyandu, 8, //., reason, cause, purpose see ebandu, App.
;

eyandu diadi {with applied fori/i),

for this reason, that is

evunza-vova, something given to hush up a matter, hush-money.

wa eyandu ? why }
son?

for

why. what rea-

Evuya,

8, .,

a cleaning rag, houseconfusion, disorder.

cloth, duster.

Eyanga,

8, ?/.,

Evwanga,

8,

71.,

thing which
sive,

an impropriety, someis wrong or offen-

-evwanga, a.^ in confusion, disorder. -evwanga, a., public property, to be taken & used by any one. Evwangi, 8, ;/., publicity, the presence of a crowd, an unwelcome crowd or company, -evwangi, ., in great numbers, too many, Evwendengele, 8, ;/., a monster, a
very large specimen (of animals
only).

contrary to proper customs,

an

offence.

mbula
Eyangidi,

eyanga,
8,
;/.

;/.,

to

commit
sweet

such an offence.

(Mboma),

potato.

Eyatiku,

8,

;/.,

the point at which a

is

beginning

made.
matter
in

Eyaya,

8,

?/.,

the topic of general con-

versation,

every

one's mouth.

evwendengele dia ngulu, a monster of a pig.

Eyidi, n. (Solongo), a barnacle.

Eyidingingi,

8,

;/.,

a dead silence.

833

Eyi-Fii>

Eyititi,

8, w.,

a swollen cheek.
,

Ezita, continued.

Eyokosa dia 8, ;/., a great sound of eyokosa dia mazu, a eyokosa dia dilu, great noise
;
;

end round which a native basket

is

made

in its

point

from

which

manufacture, the the long

a great sound of wailing.

Eyovoka,

8,
8,

;/.,

Ezakamu,
-ezala,

a weakness, infirmity. n., shaking, trembling.

not severe (of
afflic-

a.t light,

tion only).

whorl of grass of which it is made eccentrates, an axle, axis, the pole of any spherical body, the top & bottom points of an e^g, &c,, the north or south pole
(of the earth), the point on the back part of the top of the head from which the hair also a reseems to radiate
;

ngangu
its

(2)

zezala, a false, foolish

fails entirely in

cunning, which
purpose.
71.,

Ezalu,

8,

a line or string near the

of a house a
little

wall-plate

taining fee, a fee which, being

paid, secures the
first

way

out from the wall, upon

to

refusal

or

which

hang

clothes,

prevents something from being

offered for sale, &c.,
until

clothes-horse.

Ezengenene, 8, ti., a fool. Ezengo, 8, w., a stick or something

cut or

opportunity

for

treating

an has

been given.
Eziya,
8,
?t.,

marked

to

the

exact

pool

left

length, as a measure.

river, hole in the

by the fall of a bed of a river.

Ezeze,
Eziezie,

8,

;/.,

an effeminate, useless,
n.

Ezizima,

8,

;/.,

coldness, cold, chillicold, chilly.

helpless fellow, a fool.

8,

ness.

{gen.

pi.).,

bewilder-

-ezizima,

a.,

ment, distraction. -a maziezie, muddled, bewildered, distracted, irrational, wrong.

Ezikila,
8, .,

Ezu,

8, n.

sia e ezu dia tence of

v.,

to

make a

pre-

the definite spot where

Ezuka,

8, n.

anything

may be

surely found,

tthe
ku,

particular page,
to

verse or

mazuka, _/>/. only, interest, profit. Ezuku, 8, ., nucleus, elementary

principle, rudiment, root, source,
origin, basis, base.

stanza

made may be
8, .,

which reference is or where the passage

found,
life,

the prime of
see

perfec-

tion,

arrival at perfection,
;

ma-

turity

zikuka, App.
;

Ezimi, Ezina,

a clan see zimi, App. name. nkwa ezina diambote, a man of good report, having a good name.
8,
;/.,

8,

?/.,

Fianungina,

v.t.,

to

try,

make an

attempt to do something well knowing it to be hopeless.

i, ., the deceased, thus avoiding the mention of the name; see deceased, App. Ezinga, 8, w., the length of (a man's)

ezina,

Fiata,

v.i.

(P. confiar),

to confide,

trust.

Piaulwisa,
Fiauzi, 12,
ness,
I

v., n.,

to congratulate.

life.

peace of mind, happicontentment, comfort,

mazinga,
Ezingii,

pi. only, delay, continulost.

consolation.

ance, time spent or

8, n.,

Elba,

6, .,

the horn of a gazelloid

to

delay, hindrance.

antelope.

Ezita,

8,

w.-fa knot, hence the knot or

Fidisa,

v.t.,

send

(things).

3H

FlE-FUK
Pienza, v.t.^ to finish off good finish. Fika, v.i., to be cheap.
well,

834
Finta,
'

add a

2/./.,

to rub a part of the

body

(not to anoint or wipe, but as to

rub the nose or ear when they

n.,

Pika

(6)

ye

kamba
kamba,

(6),

sureness,

itch).

security, safety,

Finuna,
^.,

v.t, to nourish (of food only).

v.t.

-afika ye

dependable,

Finzula,

(Bako.)=funzula.
blackness.
to fast, to

sure, safe.

io,pL
(6)

6, n.,

sia e fika ye
to

kamba

(muna),

7'.,

-afio, a., black.

depend (upon).
?/./.,

Fionkonona,

2/./.,

go with-

Pikuna,
Pila,
2/./.,

to nourish (of food only).

out food.

to turn or direct (of

some

Fiontona,
Fiota,
Pita,
v.i.,

v./., to

strangle.

part of the body).

fila

to be,

grow

black.

malu
legs.

(9 pL), to put, place the

v.i.
(8, di-) fita,

elaka
hurry along, to con-

Pilakesa,

v.t.^ to

ing,

to have a burnchoking sensation in the

duct hy force, to bear along, be

in favour o{

throat, as

when strong

liquor

is

or favourable

(of the

wind), to blow from the stern, be with to fail to help, withhold assistance in a crisis, to hang back & let others bear the brunt of a struggle e tembwa
;

drunk or some nicotine is swallowed or when very angry.

Pita,
)7/.

-f

to

smoke,

Pita mwisi (3), ) make a smoke. Pitama, v.i., to throng, crowd around
(of a great crowd).

kibafilakese, the wind was in

their favour.

Fitamena, v.^., to throng, crowd round (some one).

Pitika,
2/./.,

Filavu,

15, n.^

little

wine.

to

put,

heap, place to-

Fimpulula,

v.t.^

to diligently or re-

gether, pile in one place.

peatedly investigate.

Piunununa,
troubled,

v.L, to squeeze

through

Finangana, Pinangeswa, f whelmed,

\

v.i.,

to

be

a small hole.

sorely pressed, overstraitened, perplexed,

Fofota, v.i., to make a sound as the jungle when a man or large

harassed, burdened.

animal forces his way through

it.

Pindu,

6,

;/.,

reluctance to move, obey,

or to abandon an enterprise until absolutely forced, & perhaps not even then, dogged obstinacy, a combinatioii of scorn of authority, force or danger, & pure
yield, exert oneself

Pokola,

2/.

+ to

multiply, also to put

letters together

and pronounce.

Fokwelwa,

6, n.,

the multiplier.

Polokosa, v., to talk rubbish, to no purpose or uselessly, persist

foolishly in a request.

courage.
v., to hold sePingitina, Fingituna(Bako.), f curely, firm. Piniziana, v.i., to be assiduously plied, to be industriously carried on, be persevered in. Pinizieka, v., to be assiduous, con^

Fonga
Fongo,

mfulu

(2), v.,
,

to sit in coun-

cil.

6, n.,

a seat, place.
to

Potomoka,
Frank, Pudila

v.i.,

ascend

(as smoke).

2, .,

a franc.
kufi (12),
v.,

muna

to

make

short

work of a

thing.

stant,

industrious,

persevering

in

{i.e.,

leave no long intervals),

;

-afuka, a., respectful, courteous, ceremonious, with due ceremony.

Piika,
v.i.,

not work by fits & starts tufinizieka e salu kieto, we will

to

come
fail,

to

hausted,
cluded.

an end, be exbe finished, con-

persevere in our work.

835

FOk-Fun
continued.

Paka,

9,

//.,

exhaustion (of supplies),

v.t.,

Fumana,

failure (of resources), finality.

hand under the chin or on the

so

Fukamena,

to kneel

down

to,

side of the face, the attitude of

to intreat, beseech.

perplexity,

Pnklisa, vJ. (Bako.), to

boil.

Fumba,

v.t.,

to think too
it

much
away

of (a
(to so

J'ukwa,

v.^

mid. pass., to lose by death,

thing) to give

Fukwa,

be bereaved of. 6, ti., a cover.

&
Fumba,

so).
v.t.,

to waste, squander, be
of.

Fula, v.L, to blow (with the breath). Fula, 7/./. + to finish, bring to an end,
conclude.

prodigal

fumba

ndofi

(2),

v.,

to

falsely,

perjure oneself,

swear break

Pulu, Fulu,

6,

;/.

(Bako.), a flower.
place, spot.
)
>

a vow.

6, //.-i-a

Fumbalala,
spot, at

mu fulu,
vana
fulu,

adv., .on the

v.i., to double up (as with pain in the stomach), to sag.

once, instantly, im-

the mediately, at VOVO fulu, ) very moment, in the very act.

Fumbi, 6, n., the place where highway robbery or murder was committed also an ambuscade
;

Fulula, v.t. nkisi fulula

fetish for

for the purpose.

(4),

to propitiate a
restric-

fwa

some broken
is

or reinstate it. strewn on the ground, the fetish image or bundle is held over it, a few words are spoken, the powder is then fired, and as the smoke
tion

(konko)

Gunpowder

be caught (of a caught in some way so that it cannot be sprung, or of a noose which is caught and cannot draw tight & catch
v.,

e fumbi,

to

trap which

is

that for which

it is

set).
little

Fumbila,
to

^.^.,

to think too

of...

clears

off,

the whistle
fetish
is

(mbablown.

(him) such a present or to render such a service or

make

mbi) of the

This is supposed to restore the broken charm by propitiation, forgiveness being obtained from

do such a kindness. Fumina, 7/. ^fumana, App.

Fumuua,

v.t.,

to kill (game, &c.) in

(of fish).

great

numbers or catch

I
^^K

the

charm-principle

without

gunpowder no kimenga or anything would avail.

6,
;/.,

Funa, v.t.-\-X.o leaven, be leavened. Funa, 12, w., leaven. Funakana, v.i., to be sullen, to sulk,
to observe a sullen silence.

Pululu,

perseverance,

steady

plodding.

Funda,

v.t.,

to accuse, charge (before

;

Fululuka, V.I., to grunt with vexation. Fululuka, v.i., to foam (as the sea).

judges)
theft.

bamfundidi edi dia wivi, they charged him with

v.t.,

Fulumunu,
Fulumwina,
into.

6,

n.

(Bako.),

see

fulu-

mwinu

(App).
^./.,

Fundisa,

to judge, try (a case).

v.i.,

to inspire, breathe

Funduluka,
deeply

to

groan
in spirit).

(as

one
its

moved
v.i.,

^Fulumwinu,

6, w.,

the

spirit, soul,

the
to

Funduluka,

to

swell

up to

^^
^__

living principle, that

which

lives

original size (as something dried

within us
the body.

and imparts
fill.

life

which has been well soaked). Fundulukila, v.t.^ to grumble and

Fulusa,

v.t.

(Bako.), to
to

make a
re;

fuss about.

Fumana,

v.i.,

be proud and

served, grave, sedate

also to

Fundulula, v.t., to mutter to oneself cr others, but not to the person

concerned.

FUN-FWA
Funga,

836

7'./., to be or become abortive, not to arrive at perfection 01' full attainment or completion, to fall short (of the mark or aim), be abandoned, not worth com-

Futumuka,
Futwa, Futwa,
v.i.,

v.i.

(Bako.), to rise from

the dead.
to

be fomented.

6,

;/.,

a vapour bath.

bukamena
Fuzi,

pletion,

be spoiled, of no further use to be neither one thing nor the other, hence be spoiled as of under-cooked plantain, &c., which cannot afterwards have the cooking comto
;

e futwa, v., to take a vapour or steam bath.

12, n., skill in one's craft.

Fwa, v.i. fwa e "baba,

desirous.

(6) v.i., to

be intensely
v.,

fwa

mu
ke

meso

{pi.

7),

to

pleted.

actually
7/.,

seen,

come
be too

be under
little,

Fungudia,

6,

a bump, lump which

actual observation.

protrudes.

fwa
of, finish

(12), v., to

Funisa, vJ., to leaven. Funka, v.t.^ to make an end

off,

too few, too short.

fwa

nene
tulu
sleep.

(12), v., to

be too many,

use up, carry to the bitter

too large.

end.

fwa
turn over the surface
soil, to

(10), v., to

be

in a

dead

Funta,

v.i.-\-\o

of the
ing,

dig up by scratch-

Fwa-mboko,

or scraping the surface. Funta, v.t., to crush with a rubbing

movement, tread, trample. Funta, -z/.z., to remain unsold (after

offering
for

person lame n., a 6, through stiffness in the joints. -afwalansa, a., French. Fwama (Bako.), v.i., seldom used but in the perfect (-fweme), to be
angry.

sale

publicly),

to

exceed the demand.

Funtuka,

v.i.

{per/, -ini), to

have a
op-

moya (4, u-) fwama, to be hungry. Fwamfumuka, v.i, to flow out copiously (from a hole or wound),
to pour,

great deal of trouble, be

pressed, persecuted.

gush
to

out, leak out fast.

funtuka ye

salu,

v.i.,

to

toil,

work

Fwaneswa,
fit,

v.i.,

be

fit,

be found

hard, have
one's work.

much

trouble over

be made
6,

fit.

Fwani-fwani,
style,

;/.,

same fashion or
to

Funtuna,
Funze,
6,

v.f.,

give trouble, oppress,

resemblance.

distress, persecute.

kala e fwani-fwani ye,

the style
of,

adopt

any ailment of babyhood concerning which one can ask no questions, only be conscious that there is something wrong,
?/.,.

of,

follow the fashion-

conform

to.

Fwaninika, v.t., Fwankalakana,

to

compare
to

together.

v.i.,

sink to the

the frailty of infancy,

ground under a load.

Futa,

become bush or jungle again, to lie fallow, to become desolate (of an abandoned
v.i.^

Fwantama,
bent,

v.i.

(Bako.), to bend, be

place), be abandoned. Futalala, z'./.=yindalala, p. 474. Futidika, 7^/.=yindidika, p. 474. Futuka, v.i. (Bako.), to have a great deal of trouble, work, be op-

bowed down. Fwantakesa, v.t., to destroy, devastate, lay waste, make havoc
of.

Fwantika,

v.i.

(Bako.), to bend,

bow

down.

pressed, persecuted.

Fwanuka, v.i.^ to be fit, worthy. Fwanukina, v.t., to be worthy of,

serve,

de-

Futumuna,

-z/.Z-XBako.), to raise
life

from

the dead, bring to

again.

be deserving of: to be worthy to, to be deserved by.

(S37

FWA-I

Fwanukwa,
,

7\/.,

to deserve,

have as

one's deserts, be deserving of;

to have to, be obliged to, must, to have nothing left for it but to... .Fwanwa, vj'., to be able to, worthy to.
T/ie

G.
Grame,
2,
;/.

difference

between
lies

fwana

(Fr.

gramme), a gramme.

and fwanwa

in the fact

that in the case of fwana the ability {or in negative sentettces

the verb, while
the inability) lies in the subject of fwanwa implies
inability)
I,

I.
dem. verbal particle, that is why, then, that is when, then it is
that
;

that the ability {or

lies

entirely in

something ab-

normal in the matter referred to; kifwene kio nata ko, I cannot
carry
it

often not to be translated

at all J

muna

diadi
it

katutuhe sent

(on
;

account

of

my

mini,
us
;

for this reason for this

weakness) kifweno kio nata ko, I cannot carry it (for such as I am may not touch such things). Fwasa, z/./., to destroy, spoil, render
useless.

///.

was that he

sent for us.

\ preceded

by the dem. pron., \stposs.

and there was

too;

emi

i
;

(so & so) also or nsinga, and there

Fwatika,

v.t.,

to put all in heap,

fwatika-fwatika, to put together without any attempt at arrangement or order. -afwitaku-fwatiku, a., done without any attempt at order, care, skill
or neatness. -z/./. + rub ^r grind hard on. -fwete, aux. V. r/^+may be able to

were ropes oyu i Kumpaya, and Kumpaya was there. toward the end of a sentence this
combination is best rendered by aya as well, as well as, too
;

Fwenka,

bekwenda, oyu iNlemvo, these will go and Nlemvo as well aya i yeto tuna vava, as well as we who are here.
;

ozolele kundatisa e ezitu nde-

i before

the personal pronotms, fol-

mbi fwete lenda, he wants to make me carry a load which I

could not possibly carry (which I could not be likely to be able to).
i.
.

lowed by
said...
;

wau

i
i

(yau)

wau,

ingeta,

yandi wau,

yes, said he.

Fwidi, 6, ;/., a bereavement, kala kufwidi, v., to be in great sorrow of bereavement, to be bereaved ku fwidi kingi kena, he has sustained a great loss, Fwidilwa, ?/., to be a loser of, suffer loss of, be bereaved of. Pwika, v.i. (Bako.), to be cheap. Fwila e baba (6), v.t., to be intensely
;

.aka or kaka, 2uith the dem. pron. emph., once for all i mpova aka yiyi mpovele, I speak once for all. i...aka, with an infinitive noun bei luaka tween, to be just... aka, he had just arrived. -ina, V. defective, {passive, -iniwa
;
;

applied form, -inina)

see

to be,

Gram.,

p. 690,

and Gram-

desirous after, long eagerly

for.

matical Appendix.
-inB,{or kala) diau, to think, imagine,

Pwila,

6, ,,

a dead body {of an ani-

mal, seldom used of a corpse fwa except as) carcase.

suppose

diau VO

edi ngina think that

;

PwUwa,

v.i.,

to be a loser, suffer loss,

be bereaved.

adieyi bena diau? what did they think ?

I-Kad
~\S\Z,

(^3S)
-ingi, cojitinued.

preceded by a locative is translated by the equivaleiit of the locative a?id of the pronominal
to the vej-b ;

spoke that

wingi, &

so white

yo pemba o that
;

prefx

ke vakedi

muntu vana bena ozeye wo ko, there was not a man ainong
thein or
i

of them who knew it diau ngizididi oku wina,

I

-iniwa, passive of -ina, to have in {o7ie or //), to have (in) ndioyo winiwa e ekela, he who has the bullet in him.
izi, izidi, see

kwiza.

therefore

came

to

you;

di-

nkondo dimosi vana mena divwidi "bwaka, one of the plantains {among them) Avas ripe. None of the tenses of kala are
used in this way, only this presetit teitse irregtclar
tised,

J.
Je-

& ji-,

see under zie- & zi- in this Appendix, but also je- & ji in

verb -ina

is

no matter what the time of

or

the Dictionary, pp. 283-5.

the sentence.

-ina

omn
to
;

mnna,
e

about, in refer-

tuwidi
reports
see

nsangu zingi
in

K.
Ka,
defective aitx, verb (Bako.) equivalent to the verb to be.

zina

omo ngeye, we heard

reference to
also

many
}'ou
;

kala
to

muna,
so, such,

App.
-ina

dia baka ta dianga, they were just

una or wan,
hke
is

be

eating.

that, thus

ma kina una,
a thing which

kwiza tuka kwizanga, we

coming.^

are

such a thing
thus)
e
?
?
;

{lit.

nga

nzo aku ina

Ka...ko
-aka,

(^Bako.), the particles

of ne-

una
then

is

your house like that

is,
;

gatio7i

= 'ke..,'k.O,

not.

-ina VO, which, who,

also that
is

was, &c.,
e

mwaka-mwaka-hin
various places.

divers

or

to say

tumwene

mpatu ina vo ya Kikudi, we

saw a farm which was Kikudi's
;

Kaba,

v.t.,

to carry

something very

heavy.

divangamene kwa yeto, kuna vo,mono yo Kikudi, it was done

by
us, that
is,

Kabuka,

v.i., to be bold, courageous. followed by the infiiiitive noun to

by Kikudi

&

me.

dare to

I7i this

sentence the

ku

of

kuna

buka
Kabula, Kabula,
to
v.t.

nga kabuka kekakota e? dares he to

?

comes front the locative kwa, the diambu (di-) beingforgotten

in the giving of the further expianatiojt as to., by whom,

enter then

of

above., to

cause to be
tell,

bold.
v.t..,

to dare to mention,

-ina ye = kala ye, App.

-ingi.

ye

(&c.)

...

wingi,

in

such

a
;

speak boldly without fear wele dio kabula kwa mfumu, he went and told it
tell,
;

manner or way, so, so that ye ntunga o wingi betunganga, e nzo zau zinga kikilu, they build in such a way that their houses last long yo vova wingi bavovele and so
; ,

boldly to the chief.

Kadi,

conj.,

wau

kadi, because now,

now

that, since.

kadi kala or kele YOwith subj. fut. indef, would that kadi tu, kuna kwa co?zj., oh
!

839)
Kakalala muna,
v.i.,

Kad-Kal
to

Kadi, continued, (wonder what a

block up,
in.

o?-

ridicule)

obstruct, be
e

an obstruction
see e

kadi tu, kuna kwa ntakuka, oh what a jump. kadi tn, se diakaka, how strange
!

kakkmba, adv., mba, App.

kamba-ka-

or wonderful, did you ever hear of such a thing ?

indeed,

how very

strange

Kakidika, v.t., to block, obstruct. kakidika...muna, to place... as an

obstruction
in.

Kadila {applied form

to be,
live
for,

<?/

kala),

v.+

Kakidila, v.t. Kakila, v.t,

+ to apply (as a brake),

ikubakadila se mfumu, I will be adieyi a chief over them dikadila wau ? why will it be
to,
;

&c.

to place against (the 3 surface of something revolving, as the tool, &c., against a grind-

stone) to lay before (something

in

motion to stop

it),

to place

like that

in opposition, to oppose, resist

Kadilu,

6,

.,a

manner
<S:c,).

of

life

(habits,

(an attack).

customs,

Kafa, vJ., to strike, beat. Kafalala, v.f., to be or look unhappy,

sad,

Kakilwa, Kaku, 6,

6, .,
.,

a tap. a barrier,

something
;

which stops the way

tion.

obstruc-

displeased,

ill

at

ease, often

miserable, disappointed,

KakungU,
Kala, ala,
6,
;/.,

9,

n.,

bogie, dragon, ter-

used with ntima, o ntima andi Tlkafalele, he is unhappy in his mind. Kafidika, v.i., to make sad, sadden, render miserable, unhappy. kafidika o ntima (4), to displease
(one's heart).

rible monster.

hot, dry weather.

v., to be.

There

is

a past tense

Kaka, <r^/7^ + still

(there

was no change
;

of kala, bearing the prefix e instead of 2i it implies time less remote than that in a twekala, we were 1)6kedi, they were.
{indef.
; ;
;

& perf)

in the circumstances)

wakedi
still

ke kala biza ko,

unwell,

v.,

to

be very

kaka muna
in the

nzo, he was

house.

kala {or -ina) diau,

v., to

think, sup-

after a negative sentence

kaka

often

brings out a

strong contrast,
;

but, rather, instead

kunwandi

ko, unsadisa kaka,"do not beat him, but help him or help him
rather.

adieyi kakedi diau, what did he think 1 kala kumosi ye, v., to be on good terms with, have dealings with, have intercourse with.
pose, imagine
;

kaka

or

aka

is

often to be rendered

kala kwa, adv., it is because, 07ily tised where there is no question

as to the correcttiess of the state-

by must, will have

to, it being regarded as the only possible circumstance that ; kwenda kaka kekwenda, he must go ke nu(///. he will only go) vangi luzolo lueno ko, oluame
;

but as
will,

kaka, do not do as you like, lit. do not your I like

;

ment kala kwa tuma katumini, it is because he was sent, -kala mo, will be... when (it) is finished, when grown up e nzo yayi yabiza kikilu ikala mo, this will be a splendid house
;
;

vcvvcio.

only.

when it is finished mwana oyu wambi kikilu okala mo,

;

this

child

will

be

very
in

bad

se diakaka, this

is

very strange,

how

singular.

when he grows up. kala muna, v.i., to be

(a busi-

840
e
)

Kal-Kan
JKala, continued.
ness), to give one's consent

kamba-kamba,
many.
v.,

adv.,

borne

by

and

co-operation.

Kambakana,
Kamika,

to mediate,

go be-

owu

diakalanga, adv., perhaps it may be that, when it was once very likely, but now most uncertain;

tween two hostile

parties.

v.t., to come to the conclusion or recognise that one

OWU

diakalanga

must
obliged

(do
to.

something),
{pi. 7), n., to

feel

kwiza kekwiza, perhaps he

may come.
kala ye,
the

Kamika
Bakongo always
ex-

meno
v.t.,

clench

the teeth.

press the verb " to have " with kala ye, 7tot as on p. 286. In

Kamina,

Kongo proper kala ye does not imply possession, but only beingwith,

to wind the end of one's round the waist instead of having it loose over the

cloth

shoulders, to gird one's loins.

and

the inference is that

is

kamina
kamina
cloth.

luketo
nlele
n.,

(10)

^r

vumu

(6),

of a7iother or others ; nkia ntaku tukedi zau ? what rods had we (of our own) ? nkia ntaku zikedi yeto, what rods did we have with us ? (not our own). This latter sentence amotig the

the object

the property

gird up the loins.

(4),

gird up the

Kaminwa,
ing.

6,

a press for squeez-

Kamuka,
Kana,

v.i.,

to be very thin, emaci-

ated.
co7tJ.,

Bakongo would imi)ly that they were ours. The usage of -ina ye is ide?itical.

ticle

whether, if, as to, a pardenoting uncertainty ; ki-

zeye

kwame ko kana
zina mo,
I

nsusu

Xala

{perf kadidi, Kib.),

v.,

to return.
;

kwa
as to
there

do not know

okala VO...OVO, C07iJ., whether... or konso lekwa, okala vo masa, OVO ma kiaka, anything whether corn or anything else.

how many fowls are in kana mengi vuya aka,

vele

Kalakana,
Kalala,

v.,

to be deniable.

vovo vasilu vo (///. whether many or only a twig so it was arranged that), so, to
state things briefly,
it

6, .,

asparagus.

was

ar-

Xalsedone, 2, Jt., chalcedony. Kalu, 6, ., the length of time spent at, time during which one was Xalu, 6, n., a place to live or be at or

ranged that kana, prono^ninal = konso, each, who or whichever babongele, kana nleke, mbele mosi, each boy took a knife.
;

in,

Xaluluka,

abode, a dwelling place. v.i., to cry, call or sing out

9, .,
v.i.,

kana nkutn, e kana nkutu,

conj., nevertheless,

notwithstanding,

aloud, loudly, to yell.

Xalumba,

Kamama,

to

a hare. be obligatory.
is
it

Xamba, edi kamba

vo,

so that.? edi

kamba vo kwenda okwenda ?

so you are going, are you
?

even then or in that case, even if or though, suppose that it is so, whether even. kana una, conj., even if, even when, even while, whether even. kana una vo, conj., although, even
if.

Kamba, Kamba, Kamba,

6, ., see
v.t,,

fika,

App.

to
n.,

6,

go to meet. one of one's party, a

kana vele=kanele. kana vo, conj., in affirmative clauses^

although, though
clauses
;

in negative
is used.

partisan.

kana una vo

841

Kan-Kan
continued.

Kana,

continued.
\a\.^.^ followed

Kandu,
by the sub-

kana VO

junctive
the past^

mood in reference to and the indicative for

if,

munication on any one who should dare to do so and so. dila e kandu, 7a, to pronounce a sentence of excommunication upon

the fnture ; suppose,

should
;

and so would happen) kana vo kala bekwenda ko,

(then so

mwana

any one. i ) a kandu, (

//.,

one who has

suppose they were to go there

,

kana vo kala twiza had we come. Kanama, v.^ to form the most determined
resolution, be
to

incurred such a curse, an excommunicated person.

Kanele vo, Kanele nkutu

Kanele, 2, n. mon.

conj.^

vo,

tive

in ajftrmaclauses-^
if.

most deevil

although, though, even

termined,

determine

(Fr. cannelle), n., cinna-

against, hate fiercely.

Kanamwa,

v.i.^ to be the subject of most determined resolution or to have such made against

Kanga
kanga

nkangu
e

(4)

or e
v.,

ekangu
an

(8), v., to

make a
(2),

covenant.
to set

mbaki

one.

Xanana,
Kanana,
Kanda,

v.^

to hate

&

plot against

one another.
t/.z.,

ambush. -akanga (Solongo), a., brackish. Kangadila, v.t., to visit, pay a

to, call

visit

to bid

each other

fare-

on.

well.
12,
;

.,

tern

make, style, patyau ewole kanda umosi,

build,

Kangama, moyo (3,

v.i.,

they
build.

are

both

of

the

same
or

kanda wa mvudi-mvudi

(4)

wa

vulu-vulu (6), ,, the build of one who comes early to maturity. Kandalala, v.i.^ to be dry & warped,
bent back.

(4, u-) kabe troubled (congealed) in one's mind, to be annoyed, provoked, kangamwa ntima (4) or moyo (3), z/., to be much provoked in one's

U-) or

ntima

ngama,

v., to

mind
Kangi,
6,

{lit.

to

have one's mind

provoked), be deeply stirred.

.,

saviour, deliverer, pro-

ntima

(4,

u-) kandalala, to be very

^'.A-fto warp,
.-,

tector.

grieved, distressed.

Xandidika,

bend back.

Xandu,

a ban, interdiction, excommunication, sentence of excommunication. The most solemn form of promulgation of a law or cursing is that pronounced at the junction of 2 roads and confirmed by rubbing the mouth in the dust and striking the knees with one's hands. No one dare run the risk of the curse which must follow the breaking of a law thus made.
6,

Kangi, 6, ;/., he who ties. Kangilwa, 6, ., a conjunction. Kangula, v.t., to defend, protect,
let
off,

to

curse,

excuse, acquit, declare

innocent.
e ekangu (8), v., to disannul a covenant (ekangu) (///. to unbind a bond). Kangwa, 6, n., a bond, tie, binder. Kanika, v.t., to cause a strong deter-

Kangula

mination.

Kanikina,

v.t.,

to strictly enjoin, tell

or charge, to command, order, give imperative instructions.

dia e kandu,

7/.,

to interdict with

Kanka, 6, .+ hedge of thick bushes. Kankalakana, v.i., catch the foot &
stumble.

a curse, to pronounce such a

curse or sentence

of excom-

Kankamwa

nitu

(2),

7/.,

to shudder.

; ;

Kan-Ke
Kankana,
v.t.,

(:842
to
deliver,

protect,

Katuka,

save, help (in trouble), preserve

from danger.

v.i., to be excepted, -katuka, p.^ excepted e lekwa kiaki kaka kikatuka, this
;

Kankana,

v.t.,

to divide

up (among
is

thing only excepted.

themselves, something that

very small to be divided

so many).

among

Kauka, v.i.., to cease raining. Kava, -z/.z., to be or grow very

emaciated.

thin,

Kankana, v.t.^ to struggle together. Kankata, v.i., toddle about.

-akankn, a. lufwa (lo) luakanku, sudden death. Kankuka, v.i.^ to stand up suddenly,
also to die suddenly.

Kavengelele,

9, n.,

the remote past,

long ago.

vana kavengelele,
Kavisa,
v.t..,

ever

so

long

ago, long long ago.

to

make

thin, also to

dry

Kansi or we kansi,

conj.^ well then.

a corpse, embalm. Kavula, v.t.., to uncork.

Kawa,
Kapita,
2, n.

pass, of
v.t.^

kaya

see

also ka-

yiwa,
(P. capitao), the

A pp.
to share out to an-

head-

Kawulula,

man
Kare, 2,;z.
-akare,

of a caravan.

(Fr. carre), a
a. (Fr.

square {math.).

carre), square.

what one has to another only of that which has been given to
other, impart, give part of
;

Kasa,

8,

11.

(Bako.), a grass tick. (Bako.), thin.

one.

-akasa,

a.

Kasi

<?r

e \2u^\-{- a particle indicatins^

that a inatter has or

had slipped
sia tatu

Kaya, 7/., to risk, hazard. Kaya, v. meso {j)l. 7, ma-) kaya,

less.

to

be sleep-

from
z>.,

the

memory ;

kasi tanu, put 3, I mean 5 made a mistake, when I I said 3 it should have been 5 kasi nani wizidi? who was it
;

Kayama,
Kaye,

7/./.,

to lie face upwards,

on

one's back.
9, .,

the highest heaven, very

;

that

came

i.e. I

forget

who

it

was.

up in the sky e nuni wele muna kay^, the bird went far away up in the sky.
far

kasi own,

now, see what has and now, see now, there now, now you see, but now. When kasi OWU is tised., the idea is always present that it is too late or no use now kasi own e ntangwa isakidi,
conj..,

become

of

it

Kayiwa,

v.,

pass, of kaya, to be di{pi. 7),

vided, distributed.

Kayiwa
less.

meso

7/.,

to

be sleep-

but

now

it is

too late.

Kaza, v.t., tear. Ke, a particle used between repeated

nouns, as " by
" i7i

Kasika, conj.., for instance. Kasu, 6, ?/., a (leather, &c.) casing permanently fastened upon anything
;

English.
day.
for

lumba ke lumbu, day by

tandu ke tandu,
'

mvu

ke mvu,
of,
;

also a nut (for a bolt).

Kati,

9, .,-}-half.

oku kati oku...oku,

;

in the midst,

ever (age by age). ke mu...ko, cotij., instead than, than, more than

rather

sadisa,

between sia kio oku kati, oku nzo a Ponde, oku nzo a

Bukusu, put

it

in the middle,
&:

between the house of Ponde Bukusu.

i.

mu badila ko, help, rather than scold. ke mu kisia ko vo, not as though it were that. e ke ye kingi (///. few &, many),
ke

(843
Ke, co7itimied.

Ke-Ki-

Kenga, continued.
or
takes the {objective)
its

many, a great deal many, a large number.

very

object after it

before

pronoun of men-

Keke, 6, Kekete,
e

w.,
6,

mid-rib of palm,

;z.

+ firmness,
with firmness, firmly,
firm.
beautifi.il,

tioning the object itself as seen in the above examples.)

kekete,
firm.

ad%>.^

Kengoloka,
it,

v.i.^ to pass by or round (something, carefully avoiding

kala ye kekete, v., to be Kekoka, v.i.^ to be very

highly

through
v.i.,

fear, respect

or dis-

gust).

ornamental,

be

well

Kengomoka,
geous.

to

be very bright (of

adorned.

highly polished metal), be gor-

Kekola, v.t., to adorn. Kele VO, cojij.^ with the su/?j. fut. indef., would that kele VO twenda, would that we had

Kengomona,

v.,

to

make

clean (white

&
Kento,

shining).

6, w.,
;

gone.

sex
{pi.
(///.

womankind, the female kento ye kiakala balu{i.e.

Kelesa o

matu

9), n.,

to listen

ngwa kwan, womankind &

mankind were assembled
the whole population).

attentively

make a

funnel

of one's ears),
e kelezi,

adv.
e kelezi,
v.t.^

Kesela,
to catch sight

v., to

mona
of.

front

to

prevent (by standing in stop any one) from

moneka

e kelezi,

v.t.,

to

be caught

sight of.

Kama, v.i.^ to grunt & Kemba, v.i. (Bako.),

things, to

strain.

put on fine go holiday making.

to

Kemba nkaza angani

commit
adultery.
to

(Bako.),

to

going somewhere. Keti, conj. (Bako.), a particle prefaced to a question or stateme/it as to which the speaker wishes to express ignorance. Kete nani obongelekio? Who took it.^ (I have not an idea as to who
it

was.)
v.i.,

Kemona,

v.,

snivel

&

fret

(as

Ketoka,

to

be passionately de-

child).

sirous, to long, lust.

Kena, z/.=kenaiiana. Kendalala, v.i., to be very distressed,

grieved, troubled.

Ketokela,
ate

ta/*.,

to entertain a passionfor,

desire

long

for,

lust,

after.

Kendeleka,

v.f.^

to

distress,

grieve

Ketola,

-t/./.,

greatly.

sire,

to cause passionate delonging or lust.

Kendoka, ?/./., to.be broken, snap. Kendona, v.t.^ to break, snap in two. Kenenoka, 7/.z'. + to be disgusted. Kenga, v.t., to look well after, take good care of. Kenga, t/., to be beautiful. Kenga, ?'., never to... any more, to give up (an old habit) bavwidi kenga kio e fa kia vonda e ndoki, they no longer kill v;itches = they have given up killing witches. Okengele kio vuna kwandi, he has given up telling lies. (Kenga generally
;

Keva,

v.

+ io be
v.t.^

small.

-akeva,

a.,

smaller, decreased, less in

size.

Kewona,
Keya,
ki-.

to

knock up

(a

small

piece of skin, bark,

v.t.,

S:c.).

to

look well
of.

after,

take

good care

For a singular tive form of

use of the diminuthe eleventh derivative noun, see " while," App.

mwisi ki-, a prefix by which to form the name of a party from the name of the leader or person who ^ives the name to it.


Ki-KiA
Keya, continued. esi ki-Makitu, Makitu's
ki-, appeai'ing as
(

844)

Kiakankamba,
party.

continued.
to
;

a prefix^ &^c., luithoiit the mention of any noun of the ^th or 6th classes, either reor
still

fers to lekwa, a thing lenderstood,

God to do with us kadi i kiakanka mba kiandi kiki, for this wa^ his good pleasure. Kiakasa, 5, 71., diligence.
selves

up

as

He

will

jnore frequently to

e kia-kia,

kolo, time understood;

yavaKiala,

ad-^f. (from kiata), all in a row, in a long line or lines.

na kiavunguka
(the time of) the
ki-.

kuma, until dawn of day.

5, ;/.,

a garden round the house

the only child

in a town.

The
to

prefix-

ki {pi. aki) applied

Kialati,

5, n.,

kialati
only

the personal poss. pro7i. is

kiame
child
;

kiki, this

is

my

often used without mention of the noun referi'ed to; yitu

eyayi yau ayole yalati

are the only two
I

yame, these
children

kiandi,

his

relative

akiau,

have had.

If

there

their relatives.

were

others, but they are dead,

negative combined with the emph. dem. verbal particle i. I am or was not. r^X-^formative prefix of reflexive form
in
also

Ki .... ko = ke + i .... ko,

this word cannot be used. Kialumuna, v.t., to arrange in a

line,

set in

a row.
nest of twigs.

tenses

which lose the ku in Bako:far all tenses.

Kialwa, Kialwa,

5, .,

eki

diandi,

an

elliptic

expressioit

a pair or brace of such animals or birds which mate & do not breed promiscuously, as
5, n.,

equivalent to : he hoped, thought,

pigeons, the feline animals, &c.

supposed, expected that

Kiamakulu,

Hia (=ke+i+a),
kia-...ko, neg.

am
I

not oi or from.
ist pers. sing.

pref

adv., with the applied form, never adjectivally {when not at the end of a sente?ice the
article e

applied to adjs.,
&c.)
;

am

not (great, ko,

I

may

precede
all.

it),

for

omono kianene
be

am

good, once for

not great.

wendele kiamakulu, he went

clear, plain, evident,
;

for

Kia,

v.i.-{-\.o

good.

to

become time to commence ezandu dikiele, the market has commenced.

mpovele wo kiamakulu,

said so

once for

all.

ofutidi zo e
,

kiamakulu kakatuka
zandi, he paid
for all, to get out

sia

oku kukiele,
.,

v.,

to

give

the

muna mpasi
for

fullest information.

them once
ekio,
!

Kiakala, 5, male

mankind, males, the as a class ; lungisa e kento ye kiakala, assemble all the population (///.
sex,
all

of his trouble.

Kiambote

i^iterj.,

farewell (in a

letter)

here

are

my

best

wishes

womankind and mankind

Kiambu,

5, n.

{from yambula),

per-

note the order).

mission.
(1624)
(f.

In Doutrina Christa

Kiakala, 5, ., bravery. songa mwika a kiakala, to evidence bravery. Kiakala, 5, ., the genitals (male).

kiambu
n.,

sacrament
crown,

89).
5,

Kiandu,

throne,

the

when used
king, the

in the sense
all

^ the
{i.e.

Kiakankamba,
or
will

5,

n.,

one's

own way
;

head of

authority

or good pleasure

se

&

government.
it

tuyiyambula e kiakankamba kwa Nzambi, let us yield our-

bayekwele kio kuna kiandu, they

gave
up
to.

the crown

the

I
Kiandu, continued.
king)
;

(845
Kiekielela,
v.t.,

KlA-KlK
to laugh at, ridicule,

sec also tinder

yekama,

deride, chaff.

App. Kianga, 5, n. (Mbamba), a shelf. Kiangula, 5> '^-^ impatience, eagerness, the inability to rest quietly
until

Kiekwa,

something
(to,

is

accomplished,
kia),

anxiety
to

for,

anxiety

complete something, excitement, nervousness, the lack of fortitude, endurance, lack of

nerve or patience in suffering,

5, 7/.=kiyekwa, App. Kieleka, 5, ;/. e kieleka kiau, adv., surely, truly, without or no doubt. e kieleka kiau, i yandi yuyu, no doubt it is he. sia e yeleka (;>/.), v., to demon-

strate,

prove, to put forth the evidences of truth,

e

all

songa
or

yeleka

{J>1.

5),

7/.,

give the

kala ye kiangula, z^^,

to

be excited,

true version, so to state a case

Kianzu,

&c. (as above). short w., 5,

ing time.

make
7/.,

season (Bako), planting season, sowdry

va., to

Kielwa,
to

to

a defence. be or sit up

all

night,

have the morning dawn upon

v.i.,

one.

Kiatumuka,

be arranged in a

Eiema,

to get into trouble {a de-

line, line up.

risive, scornful expression).

Kiatnmuna, v.t.. to arrange in a line. Kiau tu nki, adv. at the commenceDient of the sentence^ yes or no indeed, certainly, by all means kiau tu nki, wenda, go, by all
^
;

Kiememe,

5, n., a hope which never ought to have been entertained,

baseless,

only

to

be

disap-

pointed.

sia e

kiememe,

7/.,

to hope, as above.

means.
Kibale,
5, n.,

a joint stock company, a

syllable.
;>

kibale, adv.^ together, in companionship as a company, each

.

Kiengele, 5, ^/., a mass. kiengele kia etadi (8), a huge mass of rock, a boulder, kiengele kia nti (4), an enormous
tree.

taking part, in syllables. Kibeni, rt., ordinary, usual, customary,

,

Kienze,

in general use, regular,

5, n., a vivid impression, a very distinct recollection, something indelible from the me-

mpwata

Kib.wanga,
Kide-kide,

kibeni, the usual dress. 5, ?z. + a small present,

5, n.^

mory.
Kienzi, 5, n. (Bako.)=kiese, p. 296. Kiesa, v.t., to make clear, plain, evident, to state clearly, plainly.

recognition, earnest.
inseparability, indi-

visibility (of 2

or more separate
al-

things).

Kievo, Kieya,

5, n., 5,

n.

a long beard. (Bako.), a joke,

chaff,

kide-kide, adv.^ inseparably,

jest, fun.

ways together,

indivisibly.
;

ta kieya, to joke,jest,makefun,chaff.

^K ^H

^ffi.diambu,

5,

;/.,

a small matter

omu
re-

Kiezi,

5, n.,

wildness, rage, fury.

.,

kidiambu oko waleka, a

spectful

^H'
^Ki

preamble for the commencement of an address {lit.

as for the insignificant matter,
in

with wth derivative nouns & of water, wild, fierce. ayezi {pi. form), a., wild, savage,
-akiezi,
fierce, furious.

your honourable presence). Kidibila, ?/., to go backwards & forwards.

Kika
Kika,

(0

meso,//.

7), v-t.,

to block the

view, screen from.

V.

Kkiele .......

kaka, adv.^ whenever or as

ekaya -kika

dia...

see

tinder

ekaya, App.


KiK-KiM
Kikaka,
6, n.,a. being apart, separate, -akikaka, a., separate, detached e kikaka, adv., in a separate con-

Kimbonga,

conti?iued.
;

into the earth

nutima

e ki-

mbonga-nsi, dig straight down.

dition,

in

separation,

apart,

Kimbulu,
&.

5,

.,

small

succulent
places,

aside, elsewhere,

grass, growing in

damp

kikaka yo or muna, pre/>., apart from, yo zs used ivith

good

for stock.
5, n.,

Kimbwatakala,

a small
a
little

bottle.

persons ; muna with things. Kikilu, adv. {after a verb), at once, immediately OVaikidi kikilu
;

Kimeme-meme,
lamb.

5,

71.,

sheep, a

kuna mbazi, he went

once.

out at

Kimeta, 5, 71., the metric system. Kimfinangani, 5, n., closeness,

rowness, nearness.

nar-

Kiko,

5, n.,

the house of one's father

&

mother-in-law (the husband's

at

only).

kuna kiko kiame,

in-law's.

my

mother-

Kimfinga, 5, 7i., a casing of knitted or " French knitted " string work with which to repair something broken " French knitting."
;

Kimfini,
Christianity.

5,

n.,

nearness,
close

closeness,

Kikristu,

5, n.,

together.

Kikwa,

5,

n.,

a portion or part (of

anything, not a share or piece broken oj^), one of the parts of

the body, a

kimfini, adv., very near.

(5),

together,

e kimfitu

adv.,

headlong, head

member of the

body.

foremost.

Kila,

5, n.,

a basin, bowl.

ta or
,

bwa

e kimfitu, to fall head-

Kilembi.

long.

muna

kilembi (wa, &c.) what (Sic.) do not hear, &c.), is that muna kilembi wa vo wele, I do not hear that he has
(I,
;

Kimfumbi,
Kimona.

5,

n. (Bako.),

murderous

ways, the habit of murdering.

muna kimona,
is

what

(I,

&c.) see

gone, but he has. Kilo,

2, .,

that
5,

a kilo or kilogramme,

Kimona-meso,
meae

a great sight, specadv.,

evidently,

kilo-, 1,000 of the standards of

tacle,

wonderful vision.
clear

surement

{e.g.

kilometa= kilo-

kimona-meso,
clearly visible,

metre, 1,000 metres).

&

plain

Kimbalu, 5, n., value, work. muna kimbalu, adv., by calculation. muna kimbalu (kwiza ke.

before one

as in actual vision,

as in a vision, in a vision.
e kimosi, adv., in the singular.

kwiza), what
that

(I,

&:c.)
;

think
I

is

(he

will

come)

think

that (he will come).

Kimbangumuna, 5, n., total, sum. sia e kimbangumuna, v., to add up,

ascertain the sum.

Kimpa, 5, 71., patterns, device, design. Kimpadi, 5, ., a short, black, thick, bony fish. Kimpadi, 5, n. (Bako.)=mpadi. Kimpanda-ngongo, 5, ., the slight

mound

raised

by a

certain

Kimbembe,
of

5,

^z.-fa small
a.,

-akimbenena,
itself. 5,

hawk. self-sown, growing

species of white ant.

Kimpanga-nkanu,
his keeper.

5, ;/.,

a shackle by
fastened to

which a prisoner
n.,

is

Kimbinda,

something that is unknown, a locked up mystery,

Si n.,

Kimpewa,
Kimpindi,
-able,

5, n.
5,

(Bako.), shade.

a mystery.

Kimbonga,
e

a whirlwind.

kimbonga-nsi, adv.^ straight down

something unknowa mystery. Kimpodi, 5, ., a bag with a running

.,


847

KlM-KlN5,

Ximpodi,

conlinued.

Kindnkulu,

.,

the

fruit

of

string

sewn

into

&

around

its

variety of the egg-plant (Lezo).

neck.

Kindumba,
(Bako.), shade.
w.,
5,

5, n.

Kimpozi,

5, n.

nkwa kindumba,
girl,

a hoyden, a fast
character,

Kimpuka,

a cunning, wicked
to

girl of loose

fellow,

one whose wits go

kindumba-amwenze, 5,;/., virginity.

Kindumbalala, Kindumbelele,
>

wickedness.

5, w.,

little girl

{a

Ximpungi,

one who performs on the ivory horn or cornet.

5, n.^
5,

\
5,

woman's woni).

Kindumbi,
Kindumbizi,
e

Kimungwizi,
Kimvunze,

w.,

governorship, a

position of authority.
5, ;/
,

kindumbi

;/., a club or partnership of women. or kindumbizi, to-

a small bird which

gether, in companionship, each

does not build a nest of its own, Colour, but lays in old nests. black, with white markings on
breast.

providing a part.

Kindundu, Kindungu,

5, ;/., 5,

loan at interest.
w.,

compound of

Ximwanda,

5, ?/.,

that which belongs

crushed ground nuts (arachids), pepper & salt.

to a spirit as such, spiritual na-

ture &: characteristics.

Kinene, Kinene-anza,
fore

) 5, .,

the great one, a

of
all,

title

profound

-akimwanda, "6 kimwanda,

a., spiritual.

respect, as chief of

&

there-

odv.^ spiritually,

from
e

applied only to

Ntotela,

Xina

VO,

a spiritual standpoint. seeing that, ) conj.^

vo,
\

the king.

kingenga,
vate.

adv.^ apart, aside, in pri-

wau kina

since,

now

that,

forasmuch answer is
vo.

as, for since,

the real

Kingengele,

5, w.,

a tumour.

inantangwa kina vo= wau kina

Kinana vo=kina
Kindakesa, Kindakidi,
t^.,.to
5, .,

Kingoma, 5, ;/., a drummer. Kingoyongo, 5, ;/., chain, fetter, manacle,

the

"fork" or any
io\:

in-

vo.
perplex, confound.

.strument
prisoner.

the fastening of a

alcohol.
still,

Kingrekia,

5, w.,

the Greek language

Kindama,

v.i.^

to stand

immov-

&:

customs.
5,
;/.,

able, firm, secure,

be stationary,
still,

Kingumba,
Kingunda,

a wild,

reckless,

stay, halt, pause, be silent, quiet.

lawless fellow.
5, n., a hunchback, deformed person. Kingnindu, 5, n., a very strong fellow, very muscular man.

Xindika,

v.t.^

to cause to stand
still,

pause, stop, keep

be

silent,

remain immovable,
idokela,
5, n. (5),

firm, secure,

restrain, delay, check,

impede,
to place

lika e kindokela

7/.,

kini, V. defective^ pcrf. only (Bako.), to be still, yet akaka bakini

;

the
the

left

thumb
finger

at the

base of

kuna maza, some

the water
;

are

still

at

little

and clap
right

the
act

palm of the
of
respect

on hand, an
it

ke bakini kwiza

when a

great

chief drinks in public or speaks

&c. or to request him to excuse something which has irritated him.

[a

ko, they have not yet come. Kinkala, 5, ., a kick. tua e kinkala, v.^ to kick. Kinkani, 5, ;/., the most remorseless pertinacity & obstinacy in maintaining one's point, plan, carry-

kindokela (Bako.),

to

snap the

ing

out one's

revenge

or in

finger

&

thumb.

making

the best of a thing

&

Kin-Kin
Kinsweki. kuna kinsweki,
secretly.

getting the
Jicnce the

utmost out of
that

it,

adv.,

privately,,

economy

makes

the most of things, cuts the cloth to the best advantage, &c.

Kinketa, 5, n. (Bako.), chrysahs. Kinkonzo, 5, ;z. + ugliness. Kinkundila, 5, //., an epiphytic plant growing on the nsafu. Kinkwa, 5, n., fellowship, companionship

Kintanda, 5, . takintanda(Bako.), zinga e kintanda,

over the head,

] ?/.,

to

clasp

the

hands

Kintanta,

5, ;z.,

inability to

do as one

would, utter helplessness.

mona

Kinsampala,

5, ??,

a contagious skin
?)

be utterly move. sia e kintanta, to place in such a

e kintanta,
v.,

to

helpless, unable to

disease (a lepra

commencing

condition, render helpless,

with rings of lighter coloured skin, which spread & in bad

cases break

Kintekwa,
-akintete,

5, n.

(Bako.), chrysalis.

a., first,

of the

first
first.

time,

down

into ulcers.

vana kintete,

adv., at

Kinsamu, 5, ., news, intelligence. Kinsamuna, 5, n. mwana a kinsamuna kakala mpasi ko (Proverb), to: make
a long story short,

Kintungila, 5, ;z., a column (of smoke)^ a columnar cloud, the pillar of

cloud.

Kintwadi,
ship.

5,

/z.-f

communion, com-

munity, fellowship, companion-

-akinsamuna,

adj.,

unknown before,

long a mystery.

Kinyambi,
from

5,

;z.

In the year 1885

diambu

(7)

diakinsamnna, won-

there appeared in

derful news, astonishing intelligence, the information of something surprising which was never heard of before, the explanation

Kongo people Luanda or thereabouts

:

telling the following story

m.an caught a

fish,

and was
;

proceeding to

kill

it

the fish

or clearing up of a mystery.

Kinsanga, 5, . vongola e kinsanga,

profusely.

v.,

to

weep

Kinsansa,

5, //.

sika e kinsansa,
finger

v.^

to

snap the

&

thumb.
a light green grass-

Kinsia-mazi, hopper
fat ").

5, n.,
(i*)

which makes a great noise at night (edible, "very

(?)

Kinsiedi,

5, a green grasshopper which makes a great noise

at

begged him not to kill it, for any one drinking water which came from its mouth {or in which it had remained for any time) would never die by fair means or from natural causes ; only by witchcraft could their death be accompHshed. This water was hawked about the country and believed in very thoroughly by great numbers even in San Salvador itself. It really promised very little, when
the firm native belief in witchcraft
is

night (edible).

Kinsiedi,

5,

n. (Bako.),

a small black

remembered
great

it

was,

fish.

nevertheless, a
5, w.,

success

Kinsukulu,

the fruit of a variety

as a

means

of duping the ig-

of the egg-plant (Lezo, 6).

norant, foolish people.

When it

Kinsusubwila,
fowl.

5,

.,

a very small
hidden,
con-

was seen that the purchasers

traffic

-akinswekamena,
cealed, secret.

.,

died like ordinary mortals the ceased. Note elembe,

kiyoka (App.)

for like crazes.

849

KiN-Kiv

Kinyenge,

} )

Kmyengese,
5,

5 ^'

;,.

(Bako.), sand.

Kita, continued. [pi. bita (Bako.)], shadow, shade

reflection.

.,

a hard, white, bright

metal, rzazi, such

loys of tin,

and the alantimony & lead or

as tin
/te;ice

Kitima, Kitima,

7/./.,

to

bum

up with a

roar.

hard
zenze,

tin solder.
//.,

5,

a cricket (small),
that

shake (with cold, fear or horror), to (6) or ntima (4) is geticrally menv.t.,

to shudder,

insects
rally.

of

species gene-

tioncd.

Kitumnka,

Kinzieta, 5, n., the surroundings, environment.

e kinzieta, adv., all round, around.

v.i., to undergo a radical change (of heart, not of outward shape). Kitumnka, v.i., to start, jump with

fonga

e kinzieta,?'., to sit around.

5, ;/.

pai7i,

Kinziongololo,
pool.

(Bako.), a whirl-

Kitumuna,
Kinbi,
5,

fright or shock. ?/., to bring about a change (of heart, not of outward form).
n. (Bako.),
v.i.,

Kinzola-nzola,

5, .,

insatiability, ap-

petite,

haste

(for),

craving

a/so

Kinbula,

an insatiable person.
5,

Kinznnga,

.,solitariness, loneliness.
a.,

-akinzunga,
e kiokiolo, e kiolo,
1

lone, solitary, stand-

an axe. swallow whole or (of liquids) with one gulp. Kiudi, 5, ., one who is accursed ongeye u kiudi, you are cursed.
to
;

ing alone.
(pi. 7),

Kiudi, l,n. (Bako.), a good place,

adv., excessively
;

fine

situation.

bitter

nlongo una
is

Kiumbu,
Kiundu,

5, n. 5,

(P.

chumbo),

lead.

wina
Kiolo,
5, n.,

6 kiolo, that medicine

n.,

a scent (a hunting

excessively bitter.
a

term), a whiff of scent,

small,

some
intelli-

huge
to utter a cry of sur-

very

imperfect

kiolo kia nioka, a huge snake.

gence of something.
Kiusi,
5,

Kiololoka,

vj'.,

n. (Bako.),

a boy, lad.

be astonished, astounded, amazed.

prise,

Kivova.

muna kivova (wina

(I,

kuna), what
that

Kiongomena,

5,

n.,

reluctance, fear,

&c.)

say

is

(he

is

dread, shrinking.

there).
v.,

kalaye or sia
Kioto,

kiongomena,

be

reluctant, &c.
5, n. (Zombo), lire. Kipalu, adv., quickly. Kipodi, 5, n. kipodi, ad?/., on trust, on

Kivunda, Kiwa.

5, n.,

whooping cough.
,

muna kiwa what (I, &c.) hear is that muna kiwa vo wele,
;

hear that he
(kia),
5,

is

gone.

Ie
Kita, Kita,

on account, without interest being chargeable until date to take anything e kipodi implies that
credit,
;

Kiyekwa

.,

charge
v.,

(of),^

authority (over).

kala ye kiyekwa kia,

charge
sia 6
in
of.

to

be

sq

a date of settlement has been

fixed,

kiyekwa
charge
n.,
of,

kia,

v.,

to

place-

and

if

the article

is

paid

make

responsible

for

then,

no

usury

will

be

for.

charged.

Kiyibri,

5,

the

Hebrew language
pay a
visit to.

Kiswa,

5, u.,

babyhood.

&
Kiyila,

customs.
to visit,
n.,

z/.Z-j-to
5,
;/.,

buy

up.

v.t.,
5,

something appearing so

Kiyitu,

the place where one's

vividly to the

mind

that

it is

as

relations live.

though

visible to the eyes.

Kiyoka,

5,

n.

About the year 1872

31

KiY-Kiz
Kiyoka, co7itiniied. some natives

850

Kiyowa-nkiila,
of

cotitmiied.
all

Luanda

(?)

camwood
Kizengi,
5,
?/.,

over the body on

came

countrythrough the preaching a crusade against fetishes of all kinds,

so festal an occasion).

and the

disorder of the country, induc-

ing the natives in town after

town

to destroy all their fetishes,

assuring them that since death

and sickness came by the

cise of the black art,

exer-

which every
then every

the language of the mystery (p. 506). The vocabulary is but small, and very feeble as a sample of ingenuity some examples arc given below. Where there no special word, the ordinary Kongo word is preceded by

Ndembo

one

fully believes, if

were destroyed, and no more made, there would be no more death or suffering. Far and wide the most strenuous efforts were made to accomplish
fetish

the syllable ne, and when it is desired further to hide it Iwa

is

the destruction of all charms

to that

ke diambu ko m"batukwenda appears thics: ke ne diambulwa ne ko ne kiayi kia nengundu yalala tukwenda ne ngyalala.
added
;

zi

happy end. They also denounced the lawlessness &

violence
of the

bokota, to speak. fimba, to seek.

country, rob-

bery and murder were rife, travelling impossible (see elembe), the strong chiefs raided & enslaved at pleasure.

kiabandwa, a head. kiayi kia nengundu, to-morrow. nebweyi=aweyi, how, what.

nefimbi, a dog, a searcher, spy. nekiabandwa, a head.

They

sug-

gested a series of draconic laws, which enacted that a murderer

nemavuzi, a

fowl.

or one who attempts murder must be put to death, no matter of what rank or for what cause, even in self-defence all raids & violence to be punished by
;

nembumba, luku pudding. nembweno, an eye.

nembwesena, nempetekwa,
to see.
leg.

nemionzi, an arm or

vegetables, greens.
uninitiated

the chiefs of the district,

stituted the

&

in-

nengwilu, an ear. nenkulu-nenkulu, an

person.

system of
village

nkuwu,
accept-

Village

after

nentoko,

finery.

ed these

burned their fetishes, and adopted the system of nkuwu; even Ntosuggestions,

nenzwanga, meat.
neputu,
fire.

tela, in

San Salvador, had

to

bow

to public opinion,

although

vador.

kiyoka never entered San SalThe time of this dawning of a golden age, as they expected, is called the tandu

nesansilu, a house. nevodia, a month. nevonda, a gun, knife, stick or any instrument of murder.

ngunguka,

to depart, leave.

kia nkuwu.
&:

Note

also

elembe

ntodia, pipe (tobacco). tika, to die or sleep. tikisa, to eat or drink.

kinyambi for like national movements and fancies.

5, ;/.,

Ziyowa-nklila,

the bridegroom from the custom of rubbing a cosmetic of powdered

(so called

toka, to boil. yalala, to go. yoya, to speak.

wamba,

water.

zonongwa, yesterday.

851

KOB-KOM

Eoba, Koba,

6,

;/.

(Bako.), a
to

lip.

7'./.,

be thoroughly estabfurnished,
well

Koko, continued. moko kwalu,

i.e.

to return or

send

lished,
set

settled,

or receive with

much

respect,

up,

well

found,
(as

get

a
;

tliorough hold

a disease)

twatoma koba muna Kifwawell up in yela kukobele, the disease has taken a thorough

with the palms of the hands uppermost, kwalu probably from the Mbamba

lansa,

we were

French
hold.

word kwala=yala. Eoko, locative. -a koko ya kuna, a., everlasting,

eternal, then

&

for ever.

Kodi-kodi,

6, n.

(Bako.), thirst.

Kokoma,

v.i.,

to

stutter,

stammer,
in

Kofoka,
in,

v.i.,

to

be indented, battered

have an impediment
speech, also the mind)
;

one's
(of

concave.
a.,

to

vacillate

-akofoka,

indented, concave, re-

treating (of the forehead), hol-

Koka,

low (of the eyes). 6, w., a rough or old cloth to

wear

at one's work.

ntima audi ukokoma kaka, his mind vacillates, now inclined this way, now that. Kokoma, 9, ., hesitation, vacillation,
stuttering.

Koka,

7/.Z.

-f-to

be quit of a business
to

have finished some important matter or work, also to come to be released out, be knocked out (of a tooth), (as a flower when fall to withered) antu, koka meno, what a dense surging crowd one's teeth knocked (///. people
or
palaver,
;

Kokomesa
late,

ntima

(4),

v.,

to vacilin one's

be very changeful mind.

Kokomoka,
Kokosi,

v.i.,

to

move

heavily

&
;

slowly, to
6, .,

go

in

a mass.

a huge, immense thing

se tadi, e kokosi ya mpungi, look at those huge tusks of

ivory.

out).

Kokama,
Kokama,

v.i.

(Bako.), to

become preg-

Kola,

6, n.,

a small branch which can

nant.
v.i.,

to

be caught, ensnared,
(Bako.)

be broken off easily by the hand. Kole, adv., in the second place.

entrapped.

ngingu
v.i.

kole, see ngingu, App.

(Bako.), to take a thorough
(as
;

Kokanisa,
Koka-titi,
6,

v.t.

= komba

Koleka,

(Bako.), App.

hold

an ivory horn giving the note of lower " do " in the chord to which they are set. Okeka, r/./.-f to catch (with a hook
;/.,
7.'.

severe

a disease), become very mpazi zingi zikolekele

his sufferings

muna
Kolela,
v.t.,

nitu audi,

became very

great.

to trim (a lamp),

knock

or snare), ensnare. (pkela, /.-{-draw away, lead

fetch

the ash off (a torch).

off,

Kolowa,

2,

;/.

(P.

coroa), a crown,

away (in quantity), to lead away by fair promises or excuses.

6, .,

diadem.

Kolwa

(6)

kia malavu

{pi.

8),

n.

(Bako.), a wine-drinker, a drunk-

okela,

seductive promises.

ard.

Koko, 9, 11. yala o moko, v., to hand or receive upon the open palms of the hands, an attitude of great or due respect. vutula or twika or tambula yo

Komangesa,

v.t.,

to

ram, crowd, force

(things into something).

Komba,

v.t. (Bako.), to clean a child which has made a mess. Dka, v.i., to go, come, very slowly or stealthily.

KOM-KUB

(852

-akomboka, p.^ slow. Komboloka, vd., to be shrunken in (of the abdomen of an emaciated
person).

Konto (Bako.)= konso. Kota (muna), v.i.,io cost (altogether) zikotele muna ntaku tanu,
they
cost
five

ntaku

kwa
cost?

Komoka,

v.i.,

to rot

& swarm

with

kikotele?

what did

it

maggots.

mu kwa
to slowly

Komoka,
Komoka, Komona, Komona,

v.i.^

wear away,

how much

ikotele yau eyole? did they cost the two?

disappear, erode, fade.

be reduced to ashes. v.t., to reduce to ashes. 7/./., to slowly wear away,

7/.z.,

to

e nkombo zame zikotele muna ntaku 500, my goats cost alto-

gether 500 brass rods.

Kotama,
Koteka,
Kosi,
6,

v.i.,

to
to

be sad.

erode.

v.t.,
71.,

make

sad.

Kompodia,

6,

;/.,

a pot-hole, a great

integrity, uprightness, pro-

cavity.

priety, correctness of behaviour,

Kompola, v.t.^ to render concave. Kompoloka, 7/./.=: komboloka, App. Kona, v.t.^ to scrape off (something
which has been daubed on or
has adhered).

manner,
-akosi,
a.,

style

or diction.
cor-

right, just, proper,

rect,

in

good

grammar

and

idiom, thorough, most profound.

Kona, 7/.Z., to be compressed. Konda, v.t.-k-\.o endeavour by one

question

Koya, v.i., e koyo {pi.

to
6),

be hard

&

dry.

adv., very dry

&

hard

{when used in reference

face) with a scowl.

to the

&

another to find out

another's intentions.

Krisolite,

2,

ti.,

chrysolite.

Kondeka,

v.^

to stalk

Kondelela, 7/./.+to
purpose).

and kill or catch, watch (with evil

Krisoprase,

2, n.,

chrysoprase.

Koneka,
Koni,
6,

v.t.^

to compress, press.

.,

pressure

(dynamic

or

moral), the platen of a printing

or other press.

Ku, 6, ;/., stocks, fetters. oku mpe, still, however, yet, at the same time, in estimating pros. &^ cons.; edi mbenze vo i yandi, kansi oku mpe, ke mpolo andi ko, 1 think that it
is

Konka

dio (yo), vJ., to arrange it with (someone), make an ar;

he, but

still it is

not his face

rangement

bakonkele dio yo

mfumu
ranged
town.
it

evata, they arwith the chief of the

Konko-tatu, 6, n., a triangle. Konkolola, ?'./., to take under one's protection, to assume the care of, to take charge (as an orphan, helpless or destitute person).

wau...oku mpe, while. ..at the same time "wau nzolele kio sumba, oku mpe kina ya nzimbu ko, while I want to buy it, at the same time I have no money.
;

Kuba,

v.i., toll,

to crow, strike (of a clock),

ring (of a bell)

edingi-

dingi

ekoko

diame dikubi-

di nkuba tatu, my fowl crowed three times at midnight.

Konkota, v.t.^ to fix, settle, appoint. konkota e lumbu (6), to fix the day. Konso, rt.+each, every. konso is frequently followed by yo (&c.), as below, the yo not being translated in English konso mnntu ye mbele andi, every
;

Kuba,

v.t.,

to contribute, give a con-

tribution.

Kuba,

v.t., to begin to build a house, put in the mainposl, the first sticks or stones, lay the foun-

dation.

Kube,

2,

71.

(Fr. cube), a cube.

man

his knife.

-akube,

a.,

cubic.

(853)
Kubika,
?'./., to prepare a decision in a court, to consider a sentence,

KUB-KUM
6, w.,

Kuku,

a small hoe.
.,

Kuku,//.

6,

rough, dirty appear-

come
ter),

to decision, to

make up

ance, grime, tarnished.

one's mind, determine (a mat-

judge.
7/,/.,

Kubikila,

to advise, counsel, re-

kala e kuku ye mvindu,.?'., to be grimed with dirt. Kukula, v.t.y to catch and carry away.

commend. kakutukubikila
Knbulula,
v.t.,

Kukumuna,
twasoneka,
he

v.t.,

to carry

away

(as

flood or crowd).

advised us to write.
to bring up, train

up

Kukundidika, v. lejl., assume airs &.

one's station in

to be ambitious,

position above
life.

(as a child).
I

Kubululwa, 6, ;/., a foster-child. Kufianunga, v. rejl., to tiy, make an

attempt to do something, well

Kula,

TA/.-fto
price.

buy

at a high or

any

knowing
Kufwila,

it

to

be hopeless.
die of one's

Kulaka, Kulkkasa,

v.

rejl.^

to

way

violently

elbow one's (into a

V. rcjl., to

own

place), to force oneself into.

accord, not by external violence,

also^ ivithoitt the

Kulana,!'./., to chase the fleeing in war.

above idea, to

perish, to

be dead & beyond all hope, to be utterly destroyed & of no further use, to become
useless,

take a thorough hold a disease). Kulula, 7/./.-hto urge one not to carry

Kuluka,

v.i,-\-\.o

(of

out his intention.

to

come

to

nothing,

Kululuka,
der,

v.i.,

to

be very much

as-

prove abortive, kufwila owu...ko,

I

tonished, to be astounded, wonconj.,

not losing
no-

marvel, also to

make

sight (allowing to

become

thing) of the fact that

I^H

of the

fact

that
if;

in spite

noise expressive of the above. Kuluntu, 6 & 12, n., headship, seniority,

although,

assembly of the elders.

to scratch.

I^H I^B

though, even

kufwila OWU

Kuluta,

v.t.,
?/./.-!-

^^^ ^^F
^^B
^^ft

insamunwini wo ko, although I told him so kufwila OWU kena ko vo mwana ame, al;

Kuma,
Kuma,
e

to erect, set up, locate,

place, fix (a day).

6, n.

my son kufwila owu okwenda ko, even if you

though he
is
;

ke kala

mu kuma ko
v., to

kuma,
v.t.,

or lembwa be innocent.
to breathe

Kuma,
^^Bnifwila wau
ko,
co?iJ.,

to ascend, climb.

notwith-

kuma
Kuma,
7'./.,

mongo a fwa,
to pause.
9, sing.,

^^B
^^^K

standing that,
ting what

still,

not forget-

the last gasp.

was before mentioned

^^F

or in spite of it. Kuka, vi., to be redeemed, ransomed.

v.
refl.,

Kumatele,

^H
^*

^JLukengesa,
society.
v.

fellowship, cut oneself off

withdraw from from

Kumba, v.i., to be much talked

one's

a friend. noised abroad, of, be in every

subject

mouth (used of informaof the

tion or of the
7'cjl.,

Kukenka,

to

keep

far from,

to avoid very carefully,

be very

cautious, circumspect, discreet.

Kukita,

V. rejl.^ to

make

oneself out
(to be).

(to be), to feign,

pretend

Kukolela,
well

refl.,
:

to prosper, hence the

whether good or bad). Kumba, 7/./.-fto plane or make a smooth level surface. at, to be always Kumbama, generally found at. Kumbi, 6, n., one who has been
report,
initiated

farewell
;

nwiyikolela, fare ye wiyikolela, farewell.

the

in the "mystery" of Elongo or the Eseka.

KuM-Kus
Kumbi,
6,

(854
n.

(Bako.)

= madiuka

Kundakana,
crossed.

v.i.,

to

lie

across,

be

(App.).

Kumbi-kumM,
Kumbulula,
all

6,., a lady-bird.

Kundakesa,

v.t.,

to place
;

v.t.,

to begin at the be-

another, to cross
pile on.

one athwart to heap on,

ginning

t&

go carefully through
to

the details of (a narrative).

vJ.^

Kundalala,

Kumbulwila,
risively

shout at dewith scornful

&
refl.,

roar
to

laughter.

v.i., to stand or appear high up above others to tower, be lofty, exalted, great, very noble, honoured.
;

Kumona,

v.

come

to

one's

Kundidika,

v.t.,

to

make

great, noble,

senses, recover consciousness.

to exalt in station, to honour.

Kumosi (kuma
the

understood), adv., in

Kundika,

v.t.,

to put more,

same manner or way, the same, of the same mind, of one

accord, of one opinion
even.
;

Kundikila,

v.t.,

to raise

add to. up upon some

support.

as well,

Kunga,

v.t.,

to gather together.
v.t.

Kungendela,
have dealintercourse, be on friendly
(&c.), to
pers.),

{applied

form of
isf

kala kumosi yo
ings,

\LweYi^2i,

with prefix of the to go for me.

{applied form of

terms with.

Kungizila,
za,

v.t.

kwi-

oyandi okwenda kumosi, he goes

as well or even he goes.

with prefix
71.,

si?tg.),

of 1st pers. to come for me.

a height.
enter rudely or
to repeat

Kumpa,

\vJ.

+ to

set right,

make
proper

Kungu,

6,

Kumpika,/
length
;

proper

or

of

Kuniunga,

v. refl., to

to cut neatly.

without leave.

Kumu,

6,

91.,

the efficacy, practical re-

Kunka

(e

diambu),

v.t.,

an
it

sult, effect.

instruction to
is

make

sure that

-akumu,

a., effectual, effective.

understood.
v.i.,

Kumuna, v.t., to wonder

Kumvalala,
what
nate
;

v.i.,

to

at, marvel at. be stoically indif-

Kunkuka,

to get,

from some
dethroned,
dicate.

ferent, altogether regardless of

is

come, down high position, be degraded, to absur-

said or done, be obsti-

also to arrogate to oneself

muna
Kunkuka,
fect,

bwa yo kunkuka,
(///.

a high position, be arrogant.

rounded by dangers
to fall

amid

Kumvika. Kumvidika, >

-^

v.t.,

to

make

arrogant,

&

to totter
to

iS:

fall).

render

stoical, obsti-

v.i.,

be complete, per-

nate.

quite finished.

Kuna,
-a

12, .,

a breed, "strain," stock,

of a good stock.

family, race.

kuna wambote,

Kunkula, v.i., to take, push, pull, down from some high position, to order to come down, dethrone, depose, degrade

Kuna, locative. kuna kwa, interj., what a

cule or surprise)
;

{used

(in

ridi-

ifi

reference to persons only).

kuna kwa
!

Kunkula,

nzongo! oh, what a charge tuka kuna ya kuna, from one

place to another.

v.t., to complete, perfect, bring to perfection.

Kusakidika,

v. refl., to

humble

one's

self; to take too

moderate or
to

Kunda,

v.i.,

to

make
;

one's
to

home,

fre-

too small a quantity.

remain at home or in stock or in hand. Kunda, 6, ;;., a layer, a stratum, story

quent,
(in

haunt

Kusaula
Kusemba, Kus^mba,

yo, v.

refl.,

be

angry

with.
v. refl., to scold one's self. v. refl., to boast, brag.

a building).

855

Kus-KUY
continued.
&c.,

Kus^nga,

v.

refi.^

to

reveal, expose

Kuvaka,

one's self to view, to discover one's

self.

carry,

something beyond
to
affect

one's

power),

great
preten-

ditomene kusenga
clear that

vo

it is

very
set

abilities.

Kuvaka,
to,

9,

;/.,

assumption,

Kusia muna,
one's

v, re/l., to give or

tiousness.

self

to

devote one's
v., to

Kuvalala,

v.i.

see

kumvalala, App.

self to, to take

up with.

Kuvava,

kusia vana esambu dimosi,

be partial
(in

judgment).

Kuta, Euta,

v.t.,

to

tie.

take one's self off, withdraw, to leave as one avoiding observation, also to be estranged, indifferent, distant,
v. rejl., to

6, n.,

capital in trade, the

sum

of one's belongings,

property,

possessions, capital in slaves

&

have nothing to do (with to keep clear of. Kuvavila, v. refi.^ provide or care for
to

= muiia),
self.

other

effects

which

may be

one's

realised.

Kuvidika, 7AA=kumvidika.

Kutalala, v.i., to be drawn into folds or puckers, to pucker up. Kutamina, v. rejl., to be allowed to have one's way, do, choose, &c., as one will, to have free course,
carte blanche.

Kuvukika,
Kuvula,

v.

rejl.,

to deceive one's

self, to

pretend.

V. rejl., to

throw something
throw something
to deceive one's

huge

into the water.

v.t.,

Kuvumuna,
Kuvungika,
self,

to

great into the water.

Kutamisa,
i !

v. rejl.^ to

allow any one to

v. rejl.,

do, choose, &c., as he likes, to

to pretend.
i,

give carte blanche.

Kuvunina,
in
bler,

.,

a hypocrite, dissemto

Kutidika,
I

v.t.,

to

draw together

folds or puckers, to
\

pucker up.

one who pretends what he is not.

be

'

Kuti-kuti, 6, n.^ a crowd, herd, flock, group, cluster. Kutisa, v.t.^ to gather (things) together.
Kutisa, vJ.^ to allow to escape, have escape from one.

Kuvunina,
-akuvwila,

9, .,
a.,

hypocrisy, deception.
(&c.)
;

of his

own, be-

kena ya longing to himself mbele akuvwila ko, he has no knife of his own.

Kutn,

8, ;/.,//.

makutu

(Bako.), an

Kuwdmba,

v.

refl..,

to

go

stealthily,

ear.
iutn, 9, n.

matu ma mpu
Bia

(2),

brim of a
take
in,

hat.

omu matu,
v.t. {the

v., to

accept

without attracting attention, to come, get away, pass go, through, out or in, without with, uninterfered being
scathed, unhurt, safely, safe

as true, believe.

&

Utula,

I
^P

must be personal)^ to prevent unkutwidi kwenda yadi kwenda, he

subject
;

sound

wele ayiwombi, he

took himself off without interference.

prevented
v.t.^

my

going.
(a slave only).

Kuyekola,
up.

v.

refl.,

to

give

oneself
to effect

Tltula,

to

buy

Kutwa, ^'.z., to escape (from peril). Kuva, -z/.z.+to be very tough, tough unfit to be eaten, hence old WSjm
useless.
v. refi.^ to

Kuyekola (muna),

v. rejl.,

& &

one's release (from), get one's

self quit (oft).

Kuyenda,
attempt or assume
strive,

v.

Kuvaka,

When

the prefix

ku

is

applied to the

something too great, to

endeavour, try
(to

do, make.

kwenda, the resultant form is kuyenda, to go to. //

verb

KUY-KWE
Kuyenda,
za,
coiitinued.

856

Kwa,
rules as kuyi-

cofitinued.
a.,

follotvs the

same

-akwa kwa,
from

which

is

(&c.) from,

which see. Knyi-, see kwiyi, A pp. Kuyiza.

kwa
is

lukau lualu luakwa Nlemvo, this present is

;

When

the prefix

ku

applied to

Kwa-

from Nlemvo. negative of pre/. ( = ke wa-)

pers.
sifig.
;

kwiza, the restdtant form is kuyiza, iS^c. Kungiza, to come to me kuyiza, to come to you {sing.) kunyiza, to come to him or her kutuyiza, to come to us kunuyiza, to come to you {pi.) kubayiza, kwayiza or kwahayiza, to
; ;

applied to adjectives.^ thou art not kwambote ko, thou art not good.

Kwa,

see
!

under

kuma

(p. 312).
!

Kwaka
Kwaka,

interj.,

click

crack

scratch
v..,

run.
v.i.,

Kwakidila,

to run very fast, to cackle, talk

come

to them.

Its conjugation

Kwakumuka,

v.i.,

on

any other verb having y for its initial, which has received the prcf. ku, kuyinga, to drive
is like

endlessly.

Kwala (Mbamba),
Kwalati,6,
w.,

7/.=yala. a stroke, mark, scratch.

you; kuiigyeka(ku+n+yeka), to appoint me, &c. kimbevo

;

Kwalu,

see ujider

koko, App.
to persist in, be

Kwamananana,
Kwaminini,
6,

v.i.,

kiambi
Kuza,

kingizidi, a bad com-

ceaselessly, constantly ...ing.

;z.,

plaint has

come

7aA, to urge

to me. or exhort us to no

continuousness,

ceaselessness,

unceasing

per-

purpose.

formance
to

of,

perseverance.
the shew-

Kuzaya,
self

v.

refl.,

come

to

one's

or

senses,

recover

con-

Kwanga, 6, ;z. + bread, kwanga kiatumbama,

bread.

sciousness.

Kuzengela,

Kuzengeneka,
vel.

be prejudiced. to be utterly astounded, dumbfounded, marv. rcfi., to

v.

refl.,

Kuzika,

v.t.,

to

make

very sure or se-

Kwangula, v., to beat (with a stick). Kwankuna, v.t., to grind down. Kwanza, v.t. (Bako.), to scratch graze, wound the surface. Kwata, v.t., catch, catch hold of.
Kwatika,
v.i.,

cure, tighten, insist very strongly

to scratch (as a claw or

upon, be very emphatic about, lay emphasis on, emphasize, be

nail).

Kwaya,

v.i.,

to talk constantly.

very earnest about, be diligent. Kuzolela, v. refl.^ to be very strongwilled.

Kwayalaj-z^.z., to be sore (of the throat).

Kwempa

(Kib.), v.t., to scrape

(=ve-

mpa).
strong
will.

Kuzolela,

9, n.,

Kuzuka

e elongi (8) or
(Jcc,
7/.,

nkanikinu

Kwenda, v. -f to ebb (of the kwenda e bambala (6),

or the same, be

tide).
v., to

ac-

(4),

to act contrary to

cord, agree, coincide, be equal

fulfilled.

instruction or advice or order,

&c., to transgress.

Kwendelela,

Kwa,

6,

.,

a portion, allotted part,

share.

-akwa,

.,

of (such and such a town,

;

go hurriedly or (of things) get bundled in, get in by mistake. Kwendelela, v., to go in abundance
v.i.,

to

Nsafu akwa Kimbanda, Nsafu of Kimbanda a mfumu zakwa Ewombe, the chief of Ewombe.
clan, &c.)
;

(of things).

Kwendelelwa,
in

v., to have come to one abundance, to have abun-

dance.

857)
Ewilu,
9, n.

Kwe-Lak
(Makuta), greed, greedito blaze.

Kwendelesa, ^., to take, have too many, to take in abundance.

ness.

Kwenkona,
Kweza, Kwezeka,
\

v.t.^

to prevaricate. to

Kwima,

v.i.,

v.t.,

impress a mark, to press upon & leave a

imprint,

Kwina
I

ye, there are... at, &c.

v.i..,

Kwitama,

mark,

print,

make an

impression.

Kwezi,
Kwezi,

6, .,

quisite
6,

for

a doctor's fee, the perpay of a blacksmith. w., a machine or apparatus impressing or printing, a

&

to be firm, immovable, or tied firmly. Kwitika, v.t.., to fix or tie or fasten firmly, immovably. Kwiyi- {or kuyi), prefix applied to verbs in the formation of the reflexive form J SOnga, to show
fi.xed

printing press.

Kwezika,
well,

v.t.

(Bako.),

to

finish

off

Kwezo,

6, .,

add a good finish. an imprint, impression,

v.i.,

kwiyisonga, to show one's self. Kwiziwa, v. oku kukwiziwa-t-some day, eventually, all in

due course.

something imprinted.

Kwikana,

to

be believed (of a
is

matter), to be agreed, arranged

ozevo dikwikanini,it
then.

agreed
-ala, a.

Kwikanisa,
lieved,

vJ., to cause to

be be-

mala (malongo
Laba,
?/./.,

understood), a far

country, far away.

to spin

Xwikanisa,^/., to give ^rjoin in assent.

or

plait

loosely,

Kwikaziana,
Kwikidila,
son).

v., to

believe each other,

making the
apart.

coils

or plaits far

to agree together.
v.t.,

to

believe

(a

per-

Labisa,

v.t.

(Bako.), to beckon.

Xwikidisa,
j

v.t.

{when not the

caitsa-

iive of kwikila), to join in the

belief, is itot

be convinced. This form a causative., but the sel-

Idoni-applied notes assistance

form

which

de-

Labula, v. (Bako.), to steal. Laka, v.t.., to throw. Laka, v.i.., to get into great trouble. Laka, v.i.., go & return quickly. Lakala, vd., to pant. Laka-laka, 6, ;?., thirst.

rendered in an

Lakama,
to

v.t..,

to continue

or persist

in

action J see yelesa, sadisa, kembesa; so kwikidisa may be

the causative of kwikila,

following, annoy, pester, to stick

a thing
vd..,

to persist in, to...

^ so

constantly.

mean to cause to believe, i.e. to convince or to be one with those who believe, i.e. be con;

Lakama,

to be thrown, cast

down.

kuma(9, ku-) lakama, to grow dark. Lakata, vd.., to go or come ever so far
{there is

vinced.

a (^rujnblc implied at

Kwikisi, 6 (Bako.), Kwikizi, 6,

creed,
sense
Hef,
;

\ .,
j

that

which
in

is

the distajice).

believed, belief,

faith,

religion

that

something
n..,

to call for be-

Lakika, vd.., to throw down (on to the ground or into water). Laknkwa moyo (3) or ntima, v., to
be inflamed, burning, longing
intensely,

evidence of truth.
12,

Kwikizi,

trustworthy nature,
reliability,

intensely

anxious,

faithfulness,

worthi-

ness of all trust

&

confidence.

-akwikizi, a., sure, reliable, trustworthy, faithful.

Used in the appliedform (lakukilwa) where the object is named, &> takes its
desirous to have.

place immediately after the verb.

Lak-Lek
Lakukilwa
for,

858

moyo (3), 7/., to long be possessed of a consuming passion for, also to be longed for by (kwa). Lala, ^'.^., to be lost, disappear. Lalabu, 6, ., a gossip.
to

Landula,

z/./.-^be patient, long-suffer-

ing.

Landulula,

v.t..,

to repeat over

&

over

again.

nkento ne i lalabu, a gossip. Lalamena, v.t.^ to sit on eggs,

hatch.

to

Langala, v.t.., to be lost hopelessly, to be gone or go away never to return ofwidi olangele kwandi^ he is dead & gone for ever. Langi, 12, n., water-weed.
;

Lalu,

6,

n.,

a place by the roadside

is

-alasala,
)

a. (P.

lacerar), very sharp.

where food
Lalula,
v.t.^

offered for sale.

to take off the

surface

(superficially, water, earth, &c.).

rubbish has been swept together & the chips &

If dust

&

v.t.., to rake out (an ember Lava, Lavula, \ only) from the fire. Laya, 7A-f to wink nga olele e ? laya kelaya kwandi, is he well he
;
.?

winks,

rubbish is taken off the top of the heap, leaving the sand &
earth, this

to take off that

top.

would be lalula, i.e. which is on the

he is well alive e diambu laya dilaya, it is (was) only too or perfectly evident (///. the matter winks, is livingi.e.
;

before

one).,

it

is

quite certain,

beyond

all

question.

Lalwa, ^., to want very much, but not have any chance of obtaining. Lama, v.t., to be or become responsible, liable for.

Laya,

v.t.,

to spy, reconnoitre, scout,

inspect, survey..

Lamba,

v.t.^

to cogitate, thoroughly

turn over in one's mind, to give full consideration to a matter,

to judge,

Layisa, v.t., to cause to wink, hence to do anything so quickly as to be unobserved undayisi meso, he did it so quickly that I did
;

not observe

it.

weigh one's mind.

v.t..

a matter

in

Layiswa,

v.i.

meso -layiswa,
happen
;

to

have

(a

thing)

Lambakesa,

to count carelessly.
(6), v.,

in

the twinkling of an

Lambula
Lamuna,

lumbu

to defer or

postpone or put
v.t..,

off the day.

to "stick to a thing,"

eye meso tulayiswa, in the twinkling of an eye (of our eyes), instantaneously.

retain, not give up, so steal.

Landa, v.t.-\-\.o make a remark on what has been said.

Landa

mambu

{ph

7), v.t..,

to tor-

ture, to treat in

an exceedingly

Lazula, -z/./.^landula, see p. 319 & App. Leba, v.t., to smear on thickly. Lebangana, v.i., to be weak. Leboka, v.i., to be thickly smeared (of
grease, mud, &c.). Leka, v. i leka ke zaya diambu ko, ntala ku fula, kulombele (nkanda), I had not the least idea of anything of the kind or was in perfect

cruel manner.

Landakana,

v.t..,

to follow

up

at

once

(otherwise
to follow

it may be too late), immediately after, be

next

to.

Landesa,
to

send after or behind, send following banlandese nkunzi, they sent an embassy
T/./.-j-to
;

ignorance of
arrived
;

it

all,

when a
sleep,

(letter)

///. it

was

to follow

him

up.

not knowing anything I

out,
it

look

Landi, 6, ?/., a follower. Landidila, v.t.^ to continue or persist

darkened

(a letter).

meso leka temona (0 laya tiya tukweme), after some

(8 59
Leka, continued.
time,

Lfk-Lem
continued.
heyice
all

Lemba,
elapsed

some time
(2),

&

or spells of sorcery,
soothe,
i.e.

to

then

to

remove

pain

Leka

mpaka
v,i.

v., to start

a dis-

&

annoyance,
to

&

pute or questioning.

quiet,

civilize

so calm & by removing

;

Lekama,
e

the savage instinct

also pro-

mpaka

(2, zi-)

lekama, a question

spectively to place under a protective

or dispute arose. Lekela, v.i.

influence or
evil

charm

to

avoid
unto or be&:c.

a.\\

+oku

kwalekela,

to,

individual.

from befalling the This idea became

fore his (your, &c.)honour, grace,

naturally allied with the use of

excellency,

majesty,

oku

kwalekeia Ndompetelo, to the honourable Ndompetelo ova diambu oku walekela e Ntotela e Ntiini Enekongo, may
;

"holy water," & even with the service of baptism of infants.

The charm
lemba
e ekesa

thus conferred

is

called elemba.
(8), v.,

to place a sol-

it

please your majesty, Ntotela,

dier under such a spell that he

King of Kongo; vana diadi osakwidi dia lekela sia

vo,

need have no
possibility of

fear, for

by

it

all

kizolele
that

twenda kuna Kinsaku ko kwenda ko ingeta,

we should go
to go.
to look

as to your honour's suggestion

to Kinsaku,
I

harm or danger is removed. The nganga e elemba takes palm wine in a wooden plate or bowl, dips his
touches the with the front, the back & then the front of his fingers, & tells him never to look behind ^renter a house, but go straight away to the war.
fingers
into
it

&

do not wish
Lekelela,
for.
v.t.^

lips

of the

soldier

forward

to,

hope

Leko, Leko,

6,

?/.,

6, .

a sleeping-place. (Bako.),a thing (=lekwa).

to blaze,

Lekoka, L6koka,
Lekola,

v.i.,
%>.,

burn

fiercely.

to be uncocked, &c., see

lemba
all

sunga

(6),

7/.,

to

charm away
of

p. 321.
v.t..,
6'.,

danger or

possibilities

to cause to blaze. to settle a matter, &c., see

danger.

L6koIa,
ele, 6,

lemba

mwana
;

(i), v.,

to christen

p. 321.
;/;,

lack of diligence or energy

in one's

work or duty, neglect

a child this ceremony among the people before the return of Romish priests to San Salvador
in
1

of duty, procrastination.
Cielela,

88 1, had become no better

hold upon the hands or support gently with great care. bear up upon the hands.
v.t..,

than a fetish ceremony, &; only used in the case of lombo children {see lombo, App.). The

jelelwa,

6,

;?.,

supporters, court, sur-

nganga

elemba takes palm

rounding, "entourage."

lelelwa ya Nzambi, the universe of God, the (whole) creation.

lelema,
v., to

wine Sc touches the child thrice as above described under le-

mba
lips.

e ekesa, only

it is

applied

be
to

soft

& smooth

(as of

to the forehead as well as to the

fine textures).

A man
&
is

or

woman

stands

lelemba,

v.t.,

do slowly,

gently,

by,

called ese dia nzila

delicately.

ezillu

(way-to-heaven-father),

Lemba,
all

v..,

to deliver from or remove power or influence of evil

who

is of course the relic of the " god-father " ; he must al-

Lem-Lok
Lemba,
continued.

860

Lenga,

wavs receive respect from the

child.

Lembakana,

v.i.^

to

be unable

to.

6, /?., a cloth worn over the breasts or over another good cloth to keep it clean, a pinafore, apron.
., a work apron. danger, trouble, diffi-

Lembalala, j^.z'., to be patient, gentle, meek, quiet, tame. Lembamiana, 7/., to be kind & gentle
to

lenga kia salu,

Lenga,/"/.
6,
??.,

culty.

each other.

-alenga,

., difficult,

trying, trouble-

Lembeka, 6, ., shelter, booth. Lembeka, 6, ., a propitiation. Lembekelwa, 6, ., something

which
to shelter oneself.
6,
n.^

some, dangerous.

Lengana
with

(ye), 7/.z.,totoil (at), to

have a

very laborious task, heavier than

Lembekelwa,
Lembeleka,
quiet

a means of pro-

one knows how to accomplish. Lengezia, 6, ;/., a very beautiful, precious thing, hence darling, sweetheart.

pitiation.
t/./.,

to

make

gentle, to

Lembi

down, soothe. wonder ndembi yo sivika e ngyenda wele, I wonder much that you
-0 sivika, v., to
;

Lengola,

v.t.^

to anoint with
v.i.^

oil.

Lengomoka,
the

to roll

about from
great

side to side in the dust, as in

went.

chief

homage to a very who is much feared.

(Bako.), fur
;

ke lembi ko, v.^ to be sure (9r certain to ke belembi kuwila kwiza

;

Lenzi,
60
a-j

8, n.

on the tongue

in sickness
I r-ji

see elenzi (App,).

v.i.

ko, they will be sure to hear

that you are come,

see

Leuka,
lembelo
p.
I

lewoka,

Lsmbwa, used in
696
;

the perfect

as the aiix. verb lembi, see

ndembelo kio nata,

it.

tried in vain to carry

{from la, length), to be, become, grow long. Levesa, v.t.^ to make long. Leveta, v.t.^ to taste a very little, try
v.t.

Leva,

Lembwa,

adv.^ surely, certainly,

must
le-

the flavour

of.

have

or

be

wenda kaka
ina,

Lewoka,

vd.^ to

be limp,

faint,

weared,

muna

nzila

ozevo,
will
;

mbwa otoma ko
that road,
e

luaka, go in
reach

weak. Lezi, 6, ., a servant,

youth,
rank.
little

child, boy, lad,

and you

girl,

servant,

re-

there most certainly

lembwa
Lezo,

tainer, subordinate, inferior in

surely 'he

kavidisi yo, has or must have lost the road ;> lembwa fwa kefwa, he will surely die
surely
I will

nzila vidisa

6,

.+the egg-plant (Solanum

;/.

Melongena).
Lino,
Lita,
2,

(P. linho), linen, flax.

lembwa nkala yaku,

2,

;z.,

a
71.,

litre.

be with you. Lenda kwandi, he is or was able is or was he able Lendakana, v.i.^ to be possible. Lendakesa, 7/./., to render possible.
.'*

Lo, pi.
;

6,

excessive redness,

bril-

liant red, intensity of redness.

Lo,

6,

;/.,

convalescence,

restored

health.

mona
Loba, Loba,

e lo, v., to be convalescent,

ke lendakesa ko, to hardly, scarcely... kulendakesa wo vanga ko, you would scarcely do that. Lendana, 7/., to possess each other's goods, to have things in common.
;

restored to feel
vd., to
v.i.^

much

better.

swim.

to challenge, to call another

to fight.

Loka,

vd.,

to

call,

shout,

cry,

wail

loudly.

86i

LOK-LUB

Loka, continued. loka e mbila (2), to call. Lokoso, 10, //., noise, clamour. Lokota, 7'., to seek, want, a very offensive expression nki okwiza lokota, what do you want? what are you on the prowl after ?
;

Lola,
Lole,

v.i.,

to mutter, grumble, growl.

6, n.,

the

first
?'.,

shot in a fight.
to
fire

tuba

e lole,

the

first

v.i., to come out of or be protruded from a hole or spathe, nsed only of something long issuing from a hole, as the iongne of a snake, a -parasitic worm front the body or the pision rod of an engine, something of life or rnotion. Longota, v., to investigate, to endeavour earnestly to know or

Longomoka,

shot.

obtain.
If

Lombo, 6, 7t. dreams

a pregnant

woman

Lowela,
Lozi,
10,

v.t.,

to catch

by cunning or
the

of running water, rivers

treachery,
n.,

or snakes, or that her unborn child told her where she could find hidden treasure, she knows that the child is a Lombo, an incarnation of a water-fairy. They
are supposed to be able to give

a noise

made when

new moon

appears, at the

birtli
tri-

of a child or decision of a bunal,

ta
lu-,

lozi, 7/., to make the

subjective

and

objective

above sound. prono-

luck to any
so,

who ask them to do and have magical powers, as

retaining their fairy nature.

minal prefix to verbs in nonremote tenses (Bako.), you, ye.

lua-, the

still

same as above before remote

It is, therefore, unlucky to

thwart

tenses (Bako.).

Lombo or

refuse

favour, especially to strike

them a them

Lua,

6,

71., a small patch of cultivated ground.

on the head. Snakes are fond of water, and are considered to have relations with fairies {hence the inference from a dream about snakes), and a snake may never be killed in a house in which a Lombo was bom, and in consequence such houses are sometimes infested with snakes. See also lemba mwana, App.
jondola,
go,
v.i.,

luaka

muna lumbu
10,
n.,

ina

(&c.), adv.,

then, in those days.

Luamba,

a water-bottle

for

travelling or campaigning.

Luambu,
vana
Luayi,

10, n., help, assistance, suc-

cour, support.

luambu,
10, .,

v.,

to render help,

succour, &c.

a nursing-sling.
10,
n.,

Lubakanisu,

the causing to

to start

off";
;

to begin to
i.e.

go

londola= londoka = to

come

into a state of

harmony

&

concord, reconciliation.

the subseqiieiit action.

v.t..,

jLongakesa,
learn,

to instruct, cause to

Lubakanu, 10, ., reconciliation {pass.). Lubalumukinu, 10, n., scolding, reproof.

make

a pupil or disciple

of, to disciple.

Lubangalu,
Lubanzilu,

10, n.,

torment.

^Longesela,

speak privately, secretly, in a whisper to longesela muna kutu (9), 7/., to say
z/./.-f-to

a memorial, something to recall memories.

10, n.,

Lubanzu,

10,

;^.,

memory,
10, n.,
10,

recollection,

into (one's) ear.

remorse.
to lust after (any

Longo,

10, n.

mwena
one).

longo,
v.i.,

7/.,

Lubiangumunu, Lubiondomono,
seduction.

seduction.

.,

perversion,

;Longoka,

to

be instructed, taught,

Lubuka,

7/./.=luka, to be aware, p.

learn.

328.

LUR-LUF
Lubula,
7/./.,

862

to warn.

Lufutumuki,

10, n. (Bako.), resurrec

Ludedemo, 10, ., a quaking. ludedemo lua ntoto, an earthquake.

Ludi,
e
6, n.

tion {passive).

Lufwa,

10, .-|-all about the death, the cause of death, reason for

diambu yamu
clear,
it is

ludi,

it

is

quite

very certain.
es-

being put to death, the process of death or dying.

Ludika,

v.t.

{mid. v., lulama), to set

straight, in order, arrange,

tabhsh order
govern,
right,

or government,
;

manage

also to con-

sider or approve of as correct,

Lufwalakazi, 10, ., the name of the fetish which is supposed to remove the curse of widowhood. kota lufwalakazi, v., to be placed under its spell.

Luduku, Luduvuku,
Lue,//.

good, prove to be true. 10, ., abuse, bad language.

cleverness, talent, great

When

a man loses his wife, or a woman her husband, the be-

ji

6, .,

ability.

Lueba, 10, ., greed. Luengoloka, v.i.^ to be

clever, talented.

Luema,
Luenze,

10, .,
a.,

a desire, longing.

-aluenia,

sickening, disgusting.
., .an

ivory horn giving the note of upper " mi " {or 3rd) in the chord to which they are
10,
set.

Lnetola,

10,

.,

loquacity,

endless

light talk.

Lufa,

v.t.^

to displace, expel by taking up the place occupied by the

reaved seeks the doctor of lufwalakazi. The doctor gives the bereaved a raw Q.gg, and the bereaved enters his house, and never sees the sun for six days. He may only go outside at night. He sleeps on a palmbasket (ntete). At dawn of the seventh day the relatives of the deceased (nzadi) come to fetch the bereaved out of the house men if a man, women if a woman. If a man, for instance, he is conducted, with the basket he slept upon, to a stream where
;

thing expelled.

there
content-

is

plenty of water.

One

Lufiankn,

10,

.,

comfort,

ment, gratification, happiness. Lufiaulwisu, 10, n., the cause or causing of peace of mind.
Lufiatu,
10, n. {frojn

of the relatives throws his basket into the stream, scrapes his

P. confiar), con-

fidence, trust, hope.

Lufuma,

10, n-, cruelty.

Lufundisilu, 10 {passive), judgment, the process of being judged. {active applied), a process by which
to judge.

Lufundisu,

10, .,

judgment

{active),

the process of judging. Lufunzuku, 10, n., defilement, foulness.

tongue with a knife, thoroughly shaves him and pares his nails, then makes three little cuts on his arm, and then seizes the bereaved by the neck and dips him three times thoroughly under the water (sukula mfwidi). He then returns to the town two fowls are killed, a cock and a hen. The relatives of the deceased partake, the men of
the cock, the

not a bone
lost
;

women of the hen may be broken or

;

baka (0 muntu)

lufunzuku, v., to be disgusted with (any one), be highly displeased or vexed with
(any one).
10,
11.

palm-wine

is

brought, and
oil

the bereaved anointed with

and camwood powder. At

set the

sun-

bones of the fowls are

Lufutu,

(Bako.), obstinacy, per-

carefully gathered
in

and placed

versity.

a palm-leaf basket, and buried

(863
Lufwalakazi, continued. at the foot of a young palm-tree.

LUF-LUM

Lukofl, continued.

vuba

lukofi,

7/.,

to clap in thanks,

The doctor then calls all present who have never been bereaved of cither husband or wife (according to the sex) to tread in the ground over the buritd bones. He then places a konko
(prohibition), that

congratulation or surprise.

Lukombo,
out

10,

.,

lateral curve

a knife having a used in hollowing

rattles,

wooden
1 1

Lukuba,

&

2, .,

&c. a pillow.

Lukudilu,

who
from
to
this

tread in

none of those the bones ever eat

10, ., the means or manner in which redemption was accomplished.

a palm-nut, or anything
it,

made

Lukufi,

until a child

the

individual.

be born To break

(Bako.)= lukofi. redemption {act.). Lukutakanu, 10, ., a meeting,

10,
//.

Lukulu,

10, .,

as-

would

reavement.
then placed

ensure a like beA pumpkin pip is

in

sembly.

Lukwa,
to

7/./.,

to

be

named

after, also

the

calabash

have named
n.

after one.

head worn

in the necklace of

and three cloths of blackened palm fibre cloth (mbadi) are hung in his waist
the bereaved,
;

Lukwikilu, Lulaka, 10,

10, .-|-a religion (belief).

(Bako.), the entrance

to

to the throat, larynx.

Lulama,

t/.?.,

be

set

in

order,

the doctor's fee, say 50 strings of beads =about half the price

prepared,

ready, arranged,
humility.

be

governed, managed.

of a fowl, and a calabash of palm-wine, is then paid, and thanks duly rendered to the doctor. The evil spell is broken, and the bereaved okotele

Lulembamu,
Lulondolo,
going.

10, .,

10, .,

means of coming or
readiness, prepared-

Lululamu,

10, .,

ness, orderliness.

lufwalakazi.

Lulumuna,

v.t.,

to fail to help, withcrisis,

Lufwanu, 10, ., sufficiency, fitness. Lufwasu, 10, ., destruction, perdition.

Luiku, 10, Luka, v.t.,
., limit,

hold assistance in a

to

hang back

&

let

others bear
;

extent, boundary.
after (any one), to

the brunt of a struggle

also

to

name

to push, force, put out or along

give a family name.

with violence {of livi7ig creatures only).

ukandu,

10, .,

a close season for

game or
ukandwilu,

fish.

10, .,

a blessing, ndwila).

an invocation of a blessing {see ka-

ukaya,

10, n.

vana
t/.,

lukaya lua kanga

to give permission.
10, ., division,

wiki,
dividing

ukayanisu,
up.

nkembeso, 10, ., praise. Lukendeleko, 10, ., that which evokes

pity,

pitiableness,

miserable

commix adulterations with nkia ndumba olumba e nteke a wumba, how do you mix the pottery clay.? ke nulumbi mvindu yingi muna nkweza uutekanga ko, do not put dirt in the rubber you sell. Lumbalala, v,i.y to peep out of a hole, door,&c., just thehead appearing. Lumbana (muna), z/./., to be mixed
v.t.,

Lumba,

to

mix up

together,

bine, blend, to adulterate,

;

condition.

(in with).
.,

-alukendalalu,
tressing,

very sad, very disto

Lumbidika,
&c., a

v.t.^

to stick (one's head,

much

be deplored.

little

way

out of a door

Lukofi,

10, .,

a clap, as below.

or hole).

LUM-LUN
Lumljulnka,
v.i.^

to

be thoroughly

proficient, well instructed, edu-

Lunganisa, Lunganisa,
Lungidisa,

vd., to

fulfil.

vd., to assemble, call to-

cated, well-informed.

gether.
vd.,

Lumbulula, ?/./., to thoroughly instruct.

to

cause to go
sufficient for

all
al'.

Lumbwa-mbokoso,
Lumonso,
lo, ?/.-i-the
., left,

lo,

n.,

chatter-

round,

make
all,

box, noisy talkative fellow.

west.

apply to

make

of universal
all.

application, extend to

-alumonso,

western.

Lumpama,
set

vA.^ to

in

be put together, working order, be ar-

ranged.

Lumpeso,

lo, .,

an excuse, pretext,
adv.^

stratageip., artifice, wile,

Lungila, vd., to suffice for (all), br enough for, to fill a measure, ti go into every part or room, to leave no part untouched. Lungola-ngola, lo, ?/., a small otter having a white belly & flat tail.

kuna lumpeso,

on some ex-

Lungumvi-ngumvi,
tion with pride.

lo,

.,

intoxica-

cuse or other, by stratagem. Lumpika, v.t.^ to put together, set in

full

Lu^gungu,
Ltingwa,

lo,

;?.,

a wheel.

working order, arrange, put

its

z/.z.,

to

come

together, as-

everything into

place.

semble.

Lumpintula,

lo, n., loquacity.

Lumpinu, lo, n.^ a bowl, basin. Lumvungia-mvungia, lo, ;/., darkness, that of which we are conscious when there is an utter
absence of
e
light.
(6),

Lunianga, ii & 8, 7?., grass lunima, adv., behind. Lunima-nima, adv., back
sition,
;

(generic;.

to

back^

backwards, in an opposite pobi,

reversed yo wete yo lunima-nima, good and bad

10, n., cruelty,

lunda-lunda
quickly.

adv.^

running
to rush

are the opposites of each other.

Lunkulu,
v.,

abominable

kwenda

lunda-lunda,
z'.z.,

behaviour, bitterness of speech

along.

Lundalala,

to protrude, stick

up

or feeling. -alunkulu, a.,

shameful.

cruel,

abominable^
churlish-

high, stick out, stand out pro-

minently.

Lunkumfu,
a.,

10, ;z.-|- surliness,

-alundalala,

protruding,
to rush.

high

ness.

(of the forehead).

Lunkunza-mbuku,
Lunkunza-nkonzo,
mantis.

10,

;/.

(Kib.),
^

Lundangana,

v.i.^

10, n. (Bako.),

Lundidika, v.t.^ to make up into a hump, to c^use to protrude. Lundumuna, 2/./.=lulumuna (App.). Lunene, lo, ?/., the east.
-alunene, right, eastern.

Lunseka,

10, n.,
a.,

a slope, slant.
sloping, slanting.

-alunseka,

Lunseka,

10, n.,

edge, margin, brink,

verge.

Lunengananu,

lo, ;z., the edge of a perpendicular precipice, a beet-

lunseka, adv., on the edge, brink, bank, shore or side, on one

side.

hng crag. Lunga-lunga, v.,

creature
t?r

to

keep watch over,

care of (a living

lunseka-lunseka, along the edge^

Ac.

guard, take

something movable). Lungana, vd., to be fulfilled. nanga lungana vo, v.^ to be perhaps

Lunsunga-nkombo,
a mantis.

10,

n.

(Makuta),

dinanga lungana vo, it is perhaps. Lunganisa, v.^ approve, express a

favourable judgment.

Lunsoni-nsoni, 10, n., shame. kuna lunsoni-nsoni, adv., shame. Luntati, 10, ;/. {from tata, to

with

stick),

(865
Luntati, continued. great attachment, desire to be always with some one beloved (as a child to its mother, not wishing to be for a minute even
separate),

LUN-LUT
10, .,

Luseko,

provocation, irritation,

persistent

annoyance

{active).

close

application,

Lusembo, 10, u., blame, censure. Lusengomono, 10, //., a revelation, the book of the Revelation. Lusensemeko, 10, n., praise, exaltation.

a sticking (to one's work), earnestness.

Luseoko,
)

10,

n.

{pass.),

concision,

Luntoko-ntoko, Luntoko-toko,
age.

lo,//.,

a lad of about

mutilation, the cutting off of

15 c;r 16 years of

Luntongolozi,
careful

10,

?/.,

the

habit

of

investigation,

inquisi-

tiveness, searching curiosity.

Lunungunuku, Lunungununu,

10 {pass.), \further10 {act.), ance, j

seoka, App. Luseolo, 10, n. {act.), as above, 11 Sc 2, n., the mid-rib Lusiensie, of leaflet of a palm. Lusiensiele, \ Lusikidisu, 10, n., that which places a matter beyond question, a
piece of flesh
;

see

certificate, assurance, certainty.

advancement. Lunziototo, 10, n., very affectionate

feeling,

Lusoka,

10, n.,

a system of mending calabashes

cracked

by

first

loving attachment, in10, n., care,

calking with the gossamer of

tense affection.

Luuzumbulu,
see

worry, the
;

burden of

duties, business, &c.

palm spathes mixed with resin, and then putting little binders of mvuyi across the crack,
then inserting the ends into the

zumbuluka, App.
10,
state.
n.,

Limzimgulu, orphan
Lusalu,
10,

n.,

loneliness,

an

body of the calabash.

tunga
capital,

lusoka,
n.,

v., to

mend

thus.
fall

property,

wealth, riches, treasure, goods

Lusunzi, 10, from a

an

accidental

tree.

possessed, possessions.

Lnsambu,

a benediction, a blessing invoked or pronounced. Lusambu, 1 1 & 2, n., a mat of palm fibre cloth 6x1 inch, used as a currency in times past ; they still linger in use to the north of Matadi. jUSandululu, 10, ;/., an examination,
10,
n.,

nganga who

(2)

a lusunzi, the doctor

to

professes

be

able to

treat such cases.

Luswaswanu,
Luta,
v.t.-\-to

10, n.,

the nature of the

difference (between).

overreach.
to

Lutakana,

v.z.,

go

tion or pass

in some some place

direc-

other-

nsangidika,
mit,

10, n.,

the highest point

wise than that at first determined, aho to be mentioned,

disclosed, inadvertently.

of a house, rock, tree, &;c.,

sum-

peak
10,

(of mountain).

Lutakesa,
at

^angn,
^

;/.,

something to talk

v.t., to cause, allow or permit to pass on otherwise than

first

about.

intended.

lusangu lua, a matter about, something about an affair of.

)

lutakesa
thing

diambu (7), to let somebecome known which one

WSanisu, Lusanisinu,

10, n., praise, adulation,

good
n.,

report.

to keep secret, to mention or disclose (something)

had intended

Lusansu, Lusansu,

10, 10,

?z.-f-

education.
history,
story,

unintentionally, to "let the cat

the

out of the bag," to speak un-

chronicles.

Lusanu,

10,

.+ profession,
10, n.,

boast.

what you afterwards wish had been left unsaid.

advisedly, to say

Lusatululu,

examination.

Lutemo,

10, ., illumination, light.

3K

LUT-LUZ
Lutengolo,
tion
lo,
n.^

866

abandonment of

Luvwezo,

10, n.

the rights of master, &c., rejecas useless or not further

{see

Luwandu,
Luwete,

10, .,

(Bako.)=luvezo. a great cooking pot

resultant good,

of mottled ware.
10, n., profit,
;

needed
Lutialu,

tengola).

contempt, disregard. Lutiangu, lo, ??., insolence, a scornful remark. Lutidila, 7/./., to surpass exceedingly,
lo, .,

to over-reach.

ke dikumvanga luwete ko, it will not do him any good, no real advantage will accrue to him by it. Luwondeleko, 10, ;?., soothing influadvantage
ence, pacification, consolation.

Lutima,

10, n.,

revengeful feelings.

Lutisa, v.t., see lutakesa, App. Lutiu, 10, n., insolence.

Luwondelelo,

10, .,

exhortation.

Luwumba,
sema

10, n.,

pottery clay.
v., to work up some form.

Lutongeneko,
Lutoteko,

10, ., spite,

malice.

luwumba,
10, n.

10, n.,

Lutumbuku,
Lutumu,
Lutunu,

a mutual exchange. 10, ;z., dishonour, dis-

the clay into

Luwumi,

(Bako.), a disease of

grace, evil report.

10, .-f a 10, .,

fowls.

message. proper control, modera-

Luwutuku,
logy.

10, .,

pedigree, genea

tion.

Luwutuluku,

10, n.,

the being born

(Bako.), scorn, contempt.

over again, the

new

birth, re-

Lnvaiku, 10, ., the Exodus. Luvanda, 10, ?z. tenda luvanda, v., to shave the
scalp entirely (not the beard or

generation (passive).

Luyambulu,
Luyayidilu,
will,

10,

n.,

abandonment,
goodin

relinquishment, a letting alone.

10, n., kindliness,

whiskers).

cordiality,

heartiness

Luvangameso,
ive.

10,

;z.,

edification {act-

behaviour.

Luyenzenze,
10, n., edification

10, n.,
a.,

a slope, a

slant,

Luvangamu,
sive).

{pas-

-aluyenzenze,

sloping, slanting.

Luyindulu,
)

10,

?/.,

Luvangananu, Luvanginiku,
Luvanza,
Luve,
10,
1 1
;/.

10,

.,

great import-

thought, thought,

process of a means of
(Bako.), the
life,"

ance, overwhelm-

remembering, remembrance.

ing greatness.

Luyuki,
a.

10, n.

& 2, n.,
v.,

piece of money.

" plant of Luyukia-jnikia, ] Briophyllum calycinum.

lomba
Luviluku,

luve,

to sue for peace.

Luzakamu,
Lnzalu,

10, n.,

trembling.

10, n.,

the turning round,

10, n., fulness.

conversion.

Luzengeneko,
Lnziatalalu, Luzindalala,

10,

;/.,

dumbfounded

Luvimba,
bulk

10,
is

the size (as far as concerned), bulk.

n.,

astonishment, blank surprise.

10, ., severity.
10,
.,

Luvu,

10, n.,

the furnace hollow in a

persistence, ob-

forge.

stinacy, patience, perseverance,

(Bako.) a smithy.

5-""'
Luvukiku,

}.o,., deceit.
3

Luzolo,

liuvukusu, 10

n. (Bako.), salvation.
10, ., deceit,

endurance. 10, .+ kindly feeling, benevofeeling towards, lence, right A^nce faithfulness in service or
friendship
;

Luvunginiku,

falsehood.

a/so,

great desire,
will.

XuvungU, Xuvungu,

10, n., disgrace,

10, .,

shame.

and so

aim, purpose,

the peritoneum.

nkwa

luzolo, one

who

possesses

Xuvuvamu,
peace.

10, n., safety, tranquillity,

loveable qualities, one admired,

loved

&

trusted.

867

Ma-Maj
//.
7,
f^-

Mana,

+ stratagem,

ruse,

M.
ma {pL
6)

ya mbwaza,
{pi

.,

com, grain
adv.^ with

roundabout ways of accomplishing an end or getting what is wanted, hence merchandise, barter, &c.,
i.e.

(generally).

the things

o mabetomona
sia

8),

a man had
traders.

to get

overflowing measure,

to obtain the

he wanted goods of the white

if

mabetomona,

7a, to

measure

Made,

with overflowing measure. Dezo! an abbreviation of

ku mana,
ruse.

adv.,

by stratagem, by a

ma

(P. Deus),

would
died)
;

to

God

God
(I

How much
it

rather would
also
rather,

have

Mana-nsusu, 6, ;/.-f anise (?) Mandangi, pi. 7, ., respect of persons, undue bias to the prejudice
of justice.

would be better to. Madiuka,//. 8, ;/., a man engaged by a sterile husband to beget chilsooner,

mandiatani

{pi. 7), adv.,

crowding

&
Manga,
Manga,

treading upon each other.

4, n.,

dren for him.

the poison of a snake, the fetish

Mafwila,//. 8(Bako.}=liifwalakazi, App. -a maziezie, see eziezie, App. Jttakina, 2, n. (P. machina), an engine, machine. Makono! ititerj.^ look out! beware! keep your wits about you.

&c.
4, n. (Bako.),

moko,

see p. 504.

Manganana,

v.i.-\-to be very erect throw the chest well out (to be erect but bowed) strutting pigeons are said to manga-

&

-amakunda,
Maladi,

a.,

self-sown.

nana.

pi. 8, n. (Bako.),

tmalemba-lemba,
well,
right.

water-weed. adv., going on

all

Manguna-wuna,
ing,

pi. 7, ., fault-find-

grumbling.
adv.,
all

comfortably, quietly,

mankoka-ngo,
(///.

together
;

as

if

to

drag a leopard)

JttalongO, pi.

8,

;?.,

a far country, disadv., face

to

nwenda
all

mankoka-ngo, go
{pi.
7)>

tant lands.

together.

mambonani
JKambu.
la
...

{pi.

7)?

mantalani
face.

^^-j face

to

face, in sight of

each other.

Mantinwa,
;

6, .,

something by which
pi. 7, n. (Bako.),

kaka, as though, just as if lose luandi ma kwenda kuna

to

mount.

Manyanga-nyanga,
fine rain.

Ngombe kaka (mambu

under-

stood before kwenda), his face was as though he was going to

Masa

{pi. 7)

ma

Mbala,

;/.,

sorghum.

Ngombe. lambuka-buka
one's face,

Masika,//. 13, ., gorilla. Masila,//. 8, n., one who has given a

Masilu,
promise, the promiser. pi. 8, ., the executor of a
n.

{pi.

y),

adv.,

on

imfukama

{pi. 7),

adv., kneeling,

will.

on the knees.

Mamwanga - mwanga,
(Bako.), fine rain.

pi.

7,

Masona,^/. 9, zaya or via

to read

masona,

to

know how

&

write.

Mana^

aux.-\-\.o

be

all.

luse
all

Matamba,^/.

8, n,,

lupus exedens, a

lumene

kunsumamwa kwa
pierced

nsende, his brow was

with thorns.

rodent ulcer which destroys the nose, &c.

Matondo,//.

8, .,

thanks.

Mat^Mba
Xatondo, continued. kia matondo, thanks,
will

868

Mbadi, continued.
all
is

right,

it

sila

mbadi kumosi,

?/.,

to

put

be or

is well, it

a good

together in juxtaposition.

thing.

Matwakanga,

Matwakangwa
Mavasa-vasa,
child

W8,friend.
(Bako.),
n..,

Mbadi (2) ngani or mbadi angani^?;mbadi followed by the demons,

pron. 1st
class,

poor fellow vo
;

pi. 8,

nickname of a
with teeth.

mono, mbadi ngani {or mbadi

oyu), as for poor me, or poor wretch that I am.
1,

who was born

Mavenga,

pi. 8, n.^ evasion, evasive-

ness, the gift of throwing the

responsibility

upon
the

of avoiding

or discovery of
others

-ambafu, ., great, large, big. -ambakala, a. (Bako.), male.

Mbakami,
Mbaki,

&

4, n.,

a captive.

wrong-doing or detection.

2, n.,

Mavu,^/.
dia

7, n.,

earth.
?/.,

mavu,

eat the earth, also

to pay homage. -amavilwa-vilwa, a. mona e ngonde zamavilwa-vilwa,

e mbaki, to set an ambush. -ambaki, a., captive. -ambakidi, a., every one getting what he can e kunku yau yambakidi, their portions were what;

kanga

to menstruate regularly.

ever each could get for himself.

e

Mayingila, pi.

8,

;/.,

a watch, a guard.

mbakila,
4,
2,

adv., retail (flesh).

;/.,

Mazengele

mambu
Mba,
e
C071J.

ngonde (2), n. ma mazengele e ngonde,

e

Mbaku, Mbaku,

an

adjective.

;z.

+ gain,

that

which

is

idle, foolish talk,

"rubbish."

(Bako.)=m"bangi, App.
adv.

mba

ye,

dark
&c.,

with

(darkness,
is

(bandama), quite smoke,

within the thing

gained or obtained. Mbaku, 4, 71., ambassador, (honoured) messenger. Mbala, si7t_g: 2, n., sorghum, i.e. masa

which spoken of),

full
;

of (that which

makes dark)
dina e

esukn diame
;

ma Mbala. mbalanda, adv.=Q mba, App. Mbale, 2, n. {see kibale, App.),

e
ner,

part-

mwisi, my room is quite dark with smoke muna nzo mwina e mba ye tombe, it is perfectly dark in

mba yo

companion, mate.

Mbama,

4, n., a fancy girdle worn, not to support the cloth, that

the house
quite
full

///.

the house

is

of darkness.

Mbaba,

4, n., a'

mean,

stingy, grudg-

accomplished by the mponda, but something extra, a girdle for show. Mbamba, 2, ., an officer whose duty
being
ordinary
it is

ing person.

to

demand
(pi.

the execution of

MbaM,
vana

a bribe, money paid to secure a judgment.

2, .,

a murderer, a

sheriff.

Mbana,

i,

n.

ambana), person,

mbabu,
2, .,

v.^

to bribe, give

man,

individual, the above-men-

a bribe.
Ml)al)ula,
btibery.

tioned, the aforesaid.

-ambandakiani,
e

a.,

7 one
adv., I

above

-ambaTjula,

.,

given as a bribe.

mbandakiani

(2),

or on top

Mbadi, Mbadi, Mbadi,

2,
i

71.,

elephantiasis (of foot).

of the other.

&

4, .,

a hard man.
a node, a

Mbandamu,

2, .,

the

commencement,
2,
.,

2,

.-f a specific sore, after the

beginning.

breaking down of

bad spreading sore. Mbadi, 2, ., polypus. e mbadi, adv..^ m juxtaposition.

Mbandani (Bako.), Mbandann,

lightning

thunder
of
to

(the effects

are

attributed

mbandann).

869

Mba-Mbi

mbandieka

(2), a.,

adv.,

"j

-ambandieka,

one above or on top of

Mbelekela, continued.

many
well

friends

come

to visit

&

the other.

dine with him, his wife

may

Mbandu,

2, .,

a copy, example to be

copied, a standard (of measure-

ment, &c.).

fear that her husband, with his hospitable nature, will not take enough food to pro-

Mbandu,
e

2,

;/.,

a layer, stratum, genadv., in layers.

perly satisfy himself; she will

therefore reserve

eration.

mbandu-mbandu,
2,
?t.

extra

portion for him, to

and hide an be

Jttbandu,

(Bako.), a barrel of
lbs.).

pow-

der (20

eaten on the quiet afterwards. This portion is called mbelekela.

Mbandu, Mbanga,

2,

ft.

(Bako.), height (of per-

sons).
2, ;z.,

Mbengo-mbengo, .,
a
testis.
a.,

-ambangadi,

of exceedingly high

4, a very dangerous spot, place, passage, work, &c.

price, of priceless value.

Mbangadi,
JSIbangazi,
tal

i i

& &

4, 4,

n.,

tyrant,

-ambengo-mbengo, a., perilous. Mbeni, 2, ;/.-|-the adversary, Satan.

tyrannical, bru-

Mbenza,
Mbetela,

2,

?z.,
fi.

a sore,

ulcer.

man, powerful & cruel man. Mbangi(Bako.), a^/?7., that, after I afterwards, then, i mbangi, j
next,
i

2,

omu mbetela a
near the

nsi

(2),
;

low down

ground

matuti
nsi

mena omu mbetela a

se, ivith the
tefise,

mbangi tu
length
last.
;

verb in

the narrative
i

at last, at

kwiza, so

mbangi tu se wayou have come at

(5),
;/.,

Mbangu
.

(2)

a kinkutu
(4), n.,

tai-

unu, the clouds are low down on the ground to-day. Mbi, 4, //., the evil one, a bad person. Mbidi, 2, n.+2i certain number, a number. When used without any emphasis or article it implies
a.

lor.

mbangu a nti
Mbangu,
yika
4, n.,

a carpenter.
into the
line.

with
;

comparatively few emphasis and article,

a row,

line.

many mbidi a lumbu,

days, a
days,

certain

mbangu,
(2)

v., to fall

line, to

take a place in the

(4), n.

number of days, some a few days, some time if

;

a nkanu
i.e.)

emphasised,
v.,

many

days.
is

nkanu, omba e Kazi sweep,mbazi amake the to

ing of
assizes.

(to

mbidi,

a.

(where one object only

to),

neces-

referred

great,

fine;

kuna

sary arrangements for the hold-

kwa mbidi
fine child
!

a mwana, what a

court,

to

open the

ebe,

care
ia e
for,

something entrusted which must receive an anxious

2,

n.,

if

lost,

serious
result,

conse-

Mbie-mbie, App. Mbienga, 2, Mbiengele,

2, n.,

see

nkiambiembie,

n.,
2,

thick brass wire.

;/.,

a thin
;

quences would
responsibility.

a great

stick of a thing

skewer or mbiengele za

mbebe,

v., to

make responsible
of.

leave in charge
2, n.,

malu, thin sticks of legs. Mbiki, 4> ^/.=ebiki, App. Mbilu, 2, 11., a very deep hole, chasm,
pit

Mbela-mbela,

a snack of food eaten before the proper time, a

lunch, luncheon.
2, .,

or abyss, hence, the bottombar.

n.,

less pit, hell.

Mbelekela,

when a man has

Mbindi, 2, .+a Mbinduzioka, 2,

windings about.

Mbi-Mbu
Mbingu,
e
2, .,

870

a change (of food), the

mbote, continued.
la, to

season

(for certain things).

be very unwell
yela,

kakedi
very

mbisu

(2),

adv., in a raw, fresh, unstate,

mbote ko yo
ill

how

cooked or green

without

he was.

previously cooking.

Mbiya

(2)

a longo, the money paid

(Kib.), then, afterwards.

Mbudi, an abbreviated form of yambudi, the imper. ^yambula,

let.

for a wife.

Mbo, adv.

Mbobo

(2)

a nti

(4), n.,

a woodpecker.

Mbuka, 2, n. (Kib.), a e mbukwila (2), adv.,

Mbula.
e

bedstead.
retail (liquids).

Mbofongo, 4, //., a huge thing. -ambofongo, a., huge. Mboki, 2, ;/. (Bako.), mate,

mbula ye mbasa.

(Proverb) e di-

fellow,

ambu

diadi e

mbula ye mbamatter
;

Mboki, I

companion. & 4, w., one who

sa ina, that
calls,

requires
is

a herald.

further explanation
sufficiently clear.

that

not

MboM,
Mboko, Mboko,

adzK (Bako.), then, afterwards. adv. (Kib.), then, afterwards.

2,
11.,

Mbula,

after verbs of knowing, think6r*r., is

joint (in the limbs).

;?.,

ing, telling,

icsed to
;

im-

Mbobola,

2,

baby, one

who has

baby-like habits.

Mbomba, Mbombe,

2, n. (P.
2,
;?.,

bomba), fireworks.
v.,

vanga e mbombe,

to

make

fire

&

roast corn or arachis in the

resultant ashes.

ply a necessity or urgency edi kabenze vo mbula kenda, he thought that he would have to go unsamwina vo mbula kasumba yo kaka, tell him that he must buy it. Mbulu-ntente, 2, ;/. (Bako.), a mason
;

Mbombo-ngolo,

4,

71.,

a huge tree or

wasp.

thing of wood.

Mbumba,

4,

n.,

a lump, mass, also

for

-ambombo-ngolo, a., huge, as above.

lumps of dried cassava meal

storage or sale.

Mbomongo,

4,

n.,

something very or

singularly thick.

-ambomongo, a., thick. Mbonani, 2, n., a window.

Tffibondo,
2, .,

-ambumba, a., Mbumbulu, 2,

secret.
n.,

a mole,

he7ice also

velvet, plush.

12

sheets of

mbadi
seed,

Mbundukutu
smoke.

(2)

a mwisi

(3),

;/.,

cloth.

Mbongo,
Mbota,
2,

2,

;/.

(jzVi!^. <7;z/j/)-j- fruit,

Mbunduna,
-j-a

descendants.

2, n., an amputation, also grub which eats through

.+the

stick

used in weav-

the roots of plants.

ing to tighten the latest thread

woven, the reed.

Mbunge, Mbungi (Bako.),

4,

n.,

mist,

fog,

mistiness, indis-

Mbote,

2,

;?.,

good, well-doing, that

which

is right.

Mbungu, 2,

tinctness of vision. n., " ants' bread," a honey-

ke mbote ko, what a lot there were, &c. e wantu, ke mbote ko, what a lot of people there were. ke kala or -ina mbote ko yo (&c.), followed by an infinitive or ab;

combed
found

cultivation of fungus

(.?)

in nests of

white ants.

Mbungu, 2, n. (Bako.)=mbungwa. Mbunzu, 2, n., the brow, face,

Mbusia, 2, Mbuti, 4,
n. (P.
n.,

stract noun,

how

very... was...

not; mwana kakedi mbote ko ye kiese ? was not the child happy ? ke kala or ina mbote ko yo ye-

girdle,

buxa), a wad. something worn as a but above the waist, at

v., to tie

the breasts.

kanga

mbuti,

round one

as a girdle.

871

Muu-Mfu
4,
;/.,

Mbuyu-buyu,
lessness.

4, n.,

wateriness, tasteof the

Mfofeka,

an entire piece

(of

cloth, braid, &c.).

Mbwadi,

i, ?/.,

man

Ambari

of the islands
ley Pool.

&

shores of Stan-

Mfoko, Mfokp,

2, .,

pronunciation.

2, .,

a number of times mul-

tiplied.

Mbweno,
e

2,

;/.,

sight, vision, the

power

to see.

mbwi

(2), adi>.^

quite full
it

ozadisi
full.

Mfokola, 2, ., the fold of one cloth above the girdle (often used as a pocket), a folding over, a
multiplication.

yo

mbwi, he filled

quite

Meme-meme, 6, ;/., Menga {pi. 7), 7u,

a lamb.
free-born,

Hfoto,

4,

?z.,

the crashing

made by a
<7r

great beast in a forest

jungle.

mwana

(i)

a menga,
7,

Mfu,

4,

71.

(Bako.), the deceased, thus

noble.

avoidi7ig
n.
7ianie.

the

7)tentio7i

of the

Meno,/^/. ^dinii,

-ameno, sharp, -a meno mole, two-edged. a metre. Meta, 2,

71..,

Mezi (Mbamba),
Mfiaulwisi,
Mfiba, Mfiba,
11",

rt?z/.=vezi,
4, .,

App.

-amfuba, -., unripe (of plantain & bananas & fruit which reddens on ripening). Mfula, 2, ., the powder (cam-wood
powder, pepper, crushed ironstone, ochre, &c.) in a bundle of

&

a comforter,
size.

consoler, restorer of happiness.

4,

a calabash of medium

a small antelope's horn, as of the nsesi or nsa. Mfielani (P. fiel [>/. fieis] de Deus),
4,
??.,

Mfumfula,

(ebunda). an edge, verge, mfumfula a yaka (7), ., a wall

fetish
4, .,

plate.

heap of stones to mark the spot where a murder was committed, a cursed or unlucky place.
Mfietoto,
4, n.

Mfumvu,

Mfunda,

(Bako.), threshold.

a cord, rope. a muscular pad, as at the base of the thumb, heel or the gluteus max.
2,
;/.,
j?>/.

2,

;z.,

Mfiku,

4,

Mfunda-ngavu,

sumba

mfiku, v., to buy at a ridiculously low price (as a gift). tekelwa mfiku, to have (a thing) sold to one at a very low price. 2, ., nourishment, that which
ministers to
life

Camoensia ;/., 4, maxima, a bramble bearing a

large white fragrant flower.
i

Mfundisi,

&
7t.,

4, .,

Mfundu,

4,

a judge. a matter to be judged,

trial

a case, an accusation, the

of a

&

strength

case

oyandi una
it

yo
to

Ifiku,substance,
matter).

that which imparts

mfundu, he

is

who has

substantiality,

the

gist

(of

e mfiku, adv.^ to a very considerable extent (of a matter) ; e dia-

be tried, or if the judge^ he has the trial of the case. Mfundu, 2, ., a secret, something not known or incomprehensible.

mbu diaku dizidi e mfiku omu ntima ame, I have a very

fair
filu,
2,

-amfundu,

a.^

secret.
adv.., secretly,

ku mfundu,

hidden,

idea of what you say.

.,

the

direction
tScc.)
;

which one's (head,

is

towards was or

mute (grammatical). mfundu za Nzambi. All living creatures which have not the gift of
prived of

turned when lying

the place

where the (head, &c.) lay. Mfingitunu, 2, n. (Bako.), something with which to support the knee

when

squatting.

speech are supposed to be deit, that they may preserve God's secrets, hena\ the dumbness, "mfundu za Nzambi bena zau."

Mfu-Min
Mfundu,
2, n.

872

{generally

pl\

signs or

Mfwantakani,
rubbish.

2,

/?.,

useless things,

the inarticulate expressions by

which the dumb

creation

&

the animal

Mfwanti,
Mfwefo,

2,

?z.,

a foolish, vain, useless

make themselves
(8),

un-

fellow.
4,
71.

derstood.

(Bako.), fine rain.

Mfune

(2)

evamba
(?)

.,

a species

Mfwene,

2,

w.,

of heron

befitting

that which fits or is or enough or proper.

7Z.-|-

Mfunia,

2, n.^

a freebooter, raider, one

as

Mfwenge,
pestes

2,

ichneumon

{Her-

who plunders & does

likes,

he

).

man
a.,

of violence.

-amfunia,
violent,

raiding, freebooting,

IMLfwiba, 4, ., firewood that very badly.

burn-

Mfwidi,
strength, force, power,
{potejttial).

&

4,

71.,

one who has been

Mfunka,

4,

;z.,

bereaved.

compulsion

sukula
force,

mfunka,
energy

2,

.,

strength,
;

mfwidi, ?/., to perform the triple immersion mentioned

{active)
I

ku mfunka

yasilu,
pelled,

was absolutely com(2), v.,

under luf walakazi, App. Mfwidi-mfwidi, 2, n., the habit of making a great fuss of a sligh;
ailment.

sia e

mfunka

use force, put

;

out strength or energy

toil

or

-amfwila,

a.,

mortal, causing death,

work hard (at, muna). something Mfuntakani, )2, 71., Mfuntalakani, i crushed, trodden
upon, a crushing, trampling.

fatal.

Mfwilu,
-dk^oS.,

4,

71.

{si7tg.

ge7ierally),

ex-

pense, disbursements.
pro7t.

Mfuntu,

4, .,

hard work,
4-

toil,

severe

Mi,

4,

(Bako.)=-ame. an ugly person.

labour.

Mfunu,

4,

7/.

work

in one's profes-

Miangu, pi. 3, 7/. -h clamour, noise. Mika, v.t., to weigh, to try or ascertain the weight.

sion, business,

transactions,
see also

trade, business advantage, use ;

Mika,

v.t.,

to

make

signs

&

passes
(in

vwa
of

-amfunu,
Mfuta,
4,

a.,

mfunu, App. any use or account,

to

spoil

another's

luck

useful.
71.,

jungle {wheTi spoken of

ge7ierally, 77ot
i7tdicated).

used of a portio7i

Mfuta,
Mfuzi,

2,

7Z.,

desolation of a deserted

place.
2,
7/.,

a labourer, a workman,

gambling) by making a line in front of an opponent or passing a luvanza under the armpits & tread of the feet or into the mouth. Mikuka, v.i., to be weighed. Mili- (Fr. milli-), a thousandth part of the standards of measure-

especially
craft,

one who knows his a professional, a master

ment
Mina,
pi. 3,

{e.g.

milimeta
of"

milli-

metre =yoVo
7i.,

a metre).
details

of his craft.
'

regulations, statutes,

mfuzi a ntambu, a good trapper. mfuzi a ntungu, a good builder. mfuzi a lamba, a professional cook.
4,
71.

ordinances,
law.

the

of

Mfwadu,

(P. fardo),

cloth

or

leather

a case of to prevent
pillow

Minganana, see manganana, App. Minguna, v.t., to break, snap in two. Minu, 6, 71., custom, fashion, condition,

damage
Mfwalansa,
man.
i

to anything, a

normal
law of

state,

nature,

to sit upon,

a padding. & 4, ;/., a French-

habit,

nature,

natural
i

law

vo

mbizi za maza,

minu kiau kia kala muna

873

Min-Mpa

Hinu,

continued.

maza, as

to the fishes,

it is

their

nature to live in water.

be swallowed, also disappear from sight (over the crest of a hill or beyond the horizon), Jttinuka ye, ?/., to acquire a fashion, conform to a new condition
7/./.

Jlmuka,

+ to

to set (of the sun), to

Mosi, continued. bearing the secondary prefixes {series 3, p. 518), and again prefixed with a, the same, the identical, the like salu akimosi, the same worth mankondo amamosi, the same plantains.
;

Moya, Moyo,

ovwidi Kongo,
llinute,

minuka
he
has

kisi ye become a

thorough Kongo in every way. 2, ., a minute. Miria- (Fr. myria-), io,ooo of the standards of measurement {e.g. miria-meta = myriametre =
10,000 metres).

(Bako.)=moyo. also ntima, App., of which it is often a synonym. yambukwa moyo, to make up one's mind, come to a decision.
3, n.
3,

., see

Mozi,
miozi, pi. ta miozi,
3,
;/.

(Rako.), a whistle.

v. (Bako.), to whistle.

-a miza ya miza, a., of many kinds but very good, of various good
kinds.

Mpadi, 2, n. {from pala). ta e mpadi, 2/., to ridicule another on account of real or assumed
poverty
;

to

provoke another by

ostentatious display.
adv..,

mome

(6),

speechless, struck

Mpalu,

2, ?z.-f-goad.
2,
;/.,

dumb with fear or surprise. fwa e mome, ?'., to be speechless.

v.i..,

Mpambani,
;

a separating, a

di-

viding up, hence, a heresy.

Jiloiia,

to

be transparent, clear

Mpambula,

etadi diadi mona dimona, this stone is transparent, -amona, a.., new. Mona-meso, 6, w., a great sight, spectacle,

2, ;?,, a division, schism, a dividing into parties, a sepa-

ration,

zaya e mpambula
be a judge
(of).

(a),

v.,

to be

able to distinguish (between), to

(wonderful)
is

vision,

that
;

which

plain

S:

evident

also

Mpami,

2, ;^,

a strong man.

a clear & tangible proof, unmistakable evidence.

Monganana,
to

v.i.,

to

be unable or
reply,

Mpandi, ^z^2/.=lembwa, App. Mpandu, 2, ;/., sorcery. to practise vanda mpandu,

z/.,

unwilling to

make any
to
silent.

sorcery.

look

blank,

be put to

Mpanga,

2, ;z.,

silence, to

keep

Mpangilu,

2, .,

a verb. an adverb.
introducing an exsuppose, that is to

ongeneka,

v.t,,

to leave

one with-

MpangU,

conj..,

introducing a question.,
;

out a word to say in reply, put

well,

now
that

to silence.

planation,
3, n.,

ongola

{pi.

miongola),

curves

say,

(labyrinthine).
a.,

would
that
;

-amoni,

clear, transparent.

mean, that would imply not used in speaking to a

be,

would
that

Mor,

2, n.

(Heb. mor), myrrh,

dimbu

superior; wiza

muna lumbu
i

wansunga.
-mosi in the secondary form., prefixed with the article of its class
is

sambanu, come in 6
to-day.

mpangu

unu,

days, that would be

equivalent to

a certain

Mpanu,
;

2, n.

(P.

panno), white baft

muntu

omosi, a certain man 6 dinkondo edimosi, a certain plantain tree.

(cloth).

Mpanza,
Mpasi,

&

1,

;^-fa piece of money.

2, .,

trouble.

Mpa-Mpi
Mpasi,
co7ttiniced.

(874)
Mpedi, co7iHnued.
see pela ampela, App. Mpeke-veke, 2, ?z., an eruption on the
;

mpasi twakumona, we have suffered much or we have had

a great
trouble

set-off against a debt

&

deal

of trouble
him).

{lit.

we saw

ear.

mpasi zimonekene, a eicphemism^

he died (the trouble came). mpasi, I, ?/., a corpse {a euphein-

-ampela,

a.,

by seduction as a
debt
;

set-off

against

see

mpedi

&

pela, App.

longo luampela, a

Mpasi
.

isin.
(2),
;z,,

dinary

ko,
i

common an
,

or-

mpasi muntu
one
of the

{pi.

mpasi wantu),
people
;

common
I

ki
1

marriage by seduction as above. Mpela, ke mpela ko, conj., if not, otherwizidila ke wise, or else, or mpela ko e ntangwa isaka,
;

mfumu
am
si

mpasi muntu,

come
be too Mpelezieka,

at

once or else
?z.,

it

will

not the chief,

am

only one
;

late.
2,

common people a mpawantu bawidi ovo wizidi, the common people heard that
of the

the

manner

of

maklittle

ing tasty dishes

nothings.

out of

he was come

a mpasi

esi

Mpelo,

2, ;/.-!- fruit

(generic).

Kongo ke hazolele wo ko, the common people of Kongo do

not like
it.

Mpenga, 2, ;z., the immediate vicinity. kuna mpenga, adv., beside, near,
close at hand, aside.

Mpasi,

a^/2^.

+ rather,
is

better,
;

it

would

Mpenza,

2,

n.,

exposure,

bareness,

be better to
wish rather

OWU

tuzolele

nakedness,
ness.

publicity,

empti-

mpasi twakatuka, what we

to get away.
still,

-ampenza,
public,

a..,

exposed, bare, naked,

(to view),

Mpasi OWU,
same

adv.^ however,

at the

open

uncon-

time, not forgetting that,

cealed, plain, empty.

already; e

mfumu, tukangala
;

e or

kweto mpasi owu tumwene e ekembo, we are going, sir still, we have much enjoyed ourselves
;

ku or va mpenza, adv., in full exposure or view, in publicity, in no way hidden, plainly,

nakedly, open, emptily.
e

se

nkwenda kwame

mona

mpenza.

to

have an un-

ingeta mpasi owu ndangini ko e lumbu atanu, I must go, thank you already I have been
;

obstructed view, to see plainly,

clearly.

here

5
;?.,

days.

Mpava,

2,

a searching, a hunting

for.

Mpesa, 2, ?z.=mpavala. -ampevo, a., light, not heavy. ntima (4) ampevo, n., a disposition which soon abandons any pursuit,

nsungi a mpava, the month when

the arachis
is

a faint heart.
(4),
\

harvested.

-ampava, ., rare, scarce. Mpe...mpe, conj.^ both... and ozevo, ndiona okwenda mpe, yo ona mpe olembi kwenda, balungidi kwau, so that both
;

Mpiaviana (2) a ntima Mpiaviani (2),

Mpiku,
2,
.,

^^^
)

jj^.

patience, restlessness.

the

aspect put on a

matter, an answer in a palaver,

are right, he

who goes & he

whether a defence, excuse, explanation or even the judgment

of the judge.

who
Mpedi,
I

stays.

one who seduces away another man's wife as a

4,
.,

&

lamba

mpiku,

v. {lit. to

cook an

excuse), to counsel together as

875

Mpi-Mpu

Hpiku,
to

continued.

answer or excuse to be made or judgment to be delivered, to prepare a judgment. vala e mpiku, to work up, trump up an excuse or defence. Mpila, 2, ., an animal killed & burnt
in a bush-fire.

Mpolo, continued. vana mpolo, to one's face kalendi wo vova vana mpolo ame
;

ko, he could not

tell

me

that to

my
as

face,

Mpombolo,
is

Mpila,

2,

;/.

2, n., a log of wood, such used to block the gates of pig-sties, also a trap in which a log of wood falls athwart the

kuna kwa mpila a, what

to

way

animal.

what a remarkable way...; kuna kwa mpila a ntungu batungidi yo what a remark,

Mpongo,

able

way they

built

it

too

2, w., some great thing given or done for a purpose bansidi e mpongo a tusevo, they made him laugh much (to di;

a remarkable style of building they made of it Mpilakeno, 2, w., an error, mistake,

!

What

vert

his

attention)

kabaka-

erratum.

-ampilakeno, a., forgetful. Mpilu, 2, ;/., a turkey. Mpilu, 2, ., a purple colour. Mpiluka, 2, ;/., a turning round to the
other side, conversion {pass.).

yidi e mpongo a mbongo, he gave them a great deal of cloth (as a trap for them). Mposoko, 2, ?/., an interspace. kuna or muna or vana mposoko, adv., between.

Mpova

(2)

a ndambu,

w.,

the habit of

telling

Mpiluka,

2, .,

the other side

vana

mpiluka a
Mpilwa,
2,
?t.,

nzo, on the other

anything but the truth, of putting people off with some false statement or promise.

side of the house.

a mistake.

Mpimbu,
ised
beri

2,

n., a disease characterby a serous effusion, beri-

Mpoza, 2, ;/., a stoppage, ceasing. ye mpoza {pi. only), without accomovutukidi ye plishing (it)
;

mpoza zandi, he

returned withit.

(?)

out accomplishing
.,

-ampimpita,

new, strange, singular, unheard, very difficult to comprehend or know or explain. -ampiolo, a., crooked, winding, tortuous.

Mpu

(2)

a nlembo

(4), n.,

a thimble.

Mpuku-vuku, 2, n., sound, that which we hear with our ears.

Mpulukilu,
2,
;/.,

a means of getting

a living.
confusion, derangement,

Mpioto,

2, .,

Mpululu,

2, n.,

whydah

bird.

entanglement.

Mpunga,

2, .,

an

officer sent

by the

Mpisa, 2, ., an auditor. Mpitiku-mpitiku, 2, ., disorder, derangement.

chiefs of a district, to

demand

the surrender of a criminal, a

sheriff.

Mpitu ye nsengo
reason

{pi. 2)

za, n., the

&
sole,

explanation

of

handbook of
-ampivi,
a.,

only of
its

kind,

Mpungu-, the All-. Mpungu-ngolo, 2, n., the Almighty. Mpungu-nkanka, 2, ;/., the Saviour, who has given us the greatest
example of devotion
sacrifice.
&

only.

self-

Mpola, 2, ., a pump. Mpolo, 2, n. ku mpolo, adv., by face ke tunzeye ku mpolo ko, we do not know him by face.
;

Mpungu-zayi, 2, n., the All-wise, mpungu-vuvu, 2, n., the supreme

hope, great expectation, expectation of great things.

Mpu-Mun
Mpungu-,
sia e
continued,

876
Miiluzu, co7itinued.

mpungu-vuvu,

v.,

to

ex-

pect great things,

Mputa,

2, ti. (P. puta), a woman who has no husband (!), a prostitute, a whore also the queen
;

ignorance, in mental darkness, a heathen. mum- or mun-,//. mim- or min-, applied prefixes before the

in cards (so called

by low Por-

names of 77iany places having a pure i7iitial to de7iote the

people of the place {the 7iasal
light)
;

tuguese).

is

-amputu, a., poor. e mputuki, adv.^ returning the same day wizidi e mputuki, he has
;

Mindonde, the Londe

a.
{pi.

(highland) people,
-ft

mumbenena,
&c.),

-a

mimbene-

come, but returns to-day.

na), natural

(to

a tree, plant,

lEpuza

2 sijig. only {as ml)Ollgo), ; seedlings for transplanting.

2, .,

growing on.
3, n.

Mumbidi,

(Solongo), the borers

in brackish

Mpuza,

a manner of uprooting. Mpwa, 2, ;/., a species, kind, sort, quaHty, style, description, form,
shape, pattern.

which destroy wood

water.

Mumpambala,
crew.
,

3, ., sailor,

one of the

mpwa,

2, wilh the possessive pronouns Prefixed by j (yame, &c.), a mate, companion, mpwa, 2 (Bako.), companion,

Mumpanga 3, the doer of. mumpanga mawete, who

;/.,
-

does

good.

mimpanga-mayi,

evil doers.

friend, mate.

Mumpumpu,
(or za),

Mpwasila,

2, n.,

interval, interspace,

muna
Mpweso,

(&c.)

mpwasila a
the
see
p.

a great long roadway,a clear passage, a long opening through , a broad avenue.
3, n.,

prep., between.
4,
;

Mumu,
of odds

locative.
i

71.,

game

&

evens games,

mpinzi,

App.,

493.

Mpwilu,

2,

;/.,

a means of obtaining.

yamuna, a spends her time gossipping in every house. mun-, see mum-, App.
nkento ne

mumu

woman who

mpwilu a nsambu,
grace.

a means

of

Muna,

locative.
,

mu-, pi. mi-, pre/, applied before the 7iames of 7nany places havi7ig a
7tasal i7iitial to de7tote the people

what (I, &c.) is. The verbs vova, mona, wa, a7id nia7iy
others are suffixed to the above,

muna ki

of

the

place.

Mingombe

=Ngombe
Mu,
i

people.

locative.

mu, adv., immediately, at once una inyuvwidi e nzila, i mu kandwekele, when I asked him
;

muna kiwa, mbazi keluaka, what I hear is that tomorrow he will arrive see also kimona, kivova, kilembi, kiwa, kimbalu, App. Mundanda, 3, ., a blue plantain eater. Mundemba, 3, ., a species of Bau///z^j
;

the

way, he at once
is it

cut

me

hinia

(?),

large yellow flower.

3,
n.,

(with a knife).

Mundemba-wana,

ke mu...e?

(&c.)not... .^ke

mu

christens
baptist
;

children,
see

one who a psedo-

toma
Mufu,
3,
71.

e?

is it

not nice?

lemba

mwana,

{pi.

miufu)=muku.
mulu,

App.

Miiluzu

{pi.

miuluzu, from

Mundembi
or

3,

7i.,

one who does not

sweet wort), 3, ;/., one who is uneducated, whose powers have not been developed, who is in

who

fails to

unbeliever,
believe.

mundembi-kwikila, an
one who does not

877)

MuN-Mvi
3,

Mundu,
a

2, n, (P.
lot,

mundo,

the world),

Munongo,
Munsinda,

n.

(Zombo), a weaver's

a world (oQ, a great quan-

shuttle stick.
3, ., a headman of a gang or caravan.

tity (of)

or number (oQ.
3,
//.,

Mungadu

(P.? peccado?),
sin,

an

unpardonable crime which atoned for.

can

a terrible never be

Munsula,

3,

?/.,

a doer (of evil only)

Munganga,

3, w.,

the centre line (of

river,

App. munsula-mayi, 3, ., the doer of that which is very bad, an evilsee sula,

something long, as road,

plank, &c.).

doer.

Muntantabadi,

3,

;/.,

persistent

Mungania,

a disagreeable individual who always opposes the suggestions of another j^^nya, App. Mungonga, 3, ;/., a roll, any packet, parcel done up in shape as a
3, .,
;

worrier, tormentor.

sungu
Muntu,

(6)

terrible death
I, ;/.

kia muntantabadi, by violence.

.,

ke muntu diaka ko,

all

roll.

Mungumbuti,

3,

n.,

prominent

(to be) past hope, (to have) no hope of recovery, (to be) no longer a living being, but practically to

spine, rib or ridge, a moulding,

a corrugation, a raised ornament, &c., in the form of a

ridge.

Musungula,

rank already among the dead. in usage as ngatu, App.

+ nor.
Muti
{pi.

miuti),

3,

.,

she

who

bore,

Mungwa,

3,

n.,

salt.

Part of

the

he who
begetter.

begat, the bearer or

ceremony of baptism in the Romish Church consists of placing salt in the mouth of
the candidate with the words,

Mvaka,

4, .,

the shelf under a native

bed, a drawer

"ye

are the salt of the earth."

salt is to

(in a chest of drawers or table), a store room, a cupboard.

This impartation of
the native

Mvandi

{\

&

4)

a mpandu

(2), n.,

mind the most

1624

strik-

sorcerer.

ing feature of the

hence

since

ceremony, (Doutrina
before

Mvenene, 4, ., publicity, exposure e mfulu ame mvenene ina

;

Christa),

&

certainly

that time

dia

mungwa,

v., to

be baptized

wingi, my bed is in a very exposed position. Mvengo, 4, ?/., something to be avoided.

after the rite of the

Church of

Rome. Mungwizi, 3,
one

Mvevo,
.,

4,

^i",

generosity, ungrudging

who

one in authority, has authority over

nature.

kuna

mvevo,

others, a ruler, magistrate.

freely,

adv., generously, ungrudgingly.

(4), .,

Munkia,

3, n.

mvevo a ntima
dawn
,

ready

will-

minkia,

pi.

of day, daylight.

ingness.

Munkondwa
wisdom.

3, one who lacks or who is without munkondwa-ngangu, one who lacks

;

-amvevoki,

a.,

no longer under a ntima

agony.
weal.
(4),

re-

strictions, free.

Mviangalu

(4)

., ter-

rible pain,

Munkonko,
a

3, .,

a small tree bearing

berry
;

MviM,
Mvila, Mvila, Mvilu,

4, ., stripe, lash,
4, n.,
2,
;/.,

tasty

the
into

small

kind, fashion, style.

branches are
stems.

made

pipe

pedigree.

2, .,

a convert.

Mvi-MWA
Mvilwa,
I

(878

&

4, n.^

an

unjust, unprin-

cipled,

unscrupulous

person

also

an ignorant, stupid person,

article

Mvudiangungu, continued. know what he is doing one who does something which will
;

fool.

be
or
j[)re-

bitterly regretted

see ngfu-

Mvimba, without any

ngu, App.

Jix {after a noun)^ 2, ., the whole, all the the entire e

Mvuku,

2, n., the smell, scent {of a person only), the odour natural

tini
will

mviml)a nsumba
the
entire

kio,
;

to

any one.
4,
Ji.,

buy the whole piece

nzo

Mvuku,

forbearance, long-suf-

mvimba,

house.

fering.

This is probably an adverbial usage of mvimba (as a whole), although there is no article. Mvimpi, I & 4, ., a healthy person,

Mvuku,
Mvula,

2,

.,

manure composed

of

rotting vegetable matter.

4, n., selfishness,

self-seeking,
to

the

determination

please

sound health. Mvinde, 1 1 & 2, ;z., a small bat. Mvindi (4) a elanga (8) {pi. mvindi mia malanga), a Colocasia,
is

one who

in

one's self

& do

as one likes.

nkwa mvula, a selfish person. Mvulela, 4, ;?., a broad road. Mvumbi, 4, n., an exceedingly heavy
rain.

coco, taro.

Mvinga, Mvingu, Mvingu,

2, n.^ 4,
;;.,

an asking.
a petition,
that for

Mvunda,
feit
is

4, n.,

the evil defects of sur-

or debauch.
dia, the results of over-

4, n.,

which one
is

mvunda a

waiting.

feeding.

Mvingu,

4, n.,

that which

given in
else,
i.e.

mvunda a

place
also he

of

something

nua, the after effects of drunkenness.

2, n.,

which comes

in the place of

it

Mvunga-vunga,
e

the very early

adv.,
at

who

replaces another.

morning, early dawn.

Jdvinzu, 4, ., a tree the wood of which is very hard, & which is not touched by borers & white ants. Mvita, 4, n., a hall, vestibule. Mvivu, 4, ??., the surrounding country, the neighbourhood. Mvoni, 4, ;/., a slovenly fool. Mvonzi, 4, ., a deep gully, ravine,
(deep) valley, gorge.

mvunga-vunga,
very early.
n.

dawn,

Mvungu, 4, nunguna

mvungu,

v.,

to

give

one's support to a matter.

Mvoyongo
;/.,

(4)

a fine

a etoko or a ndumba, handsome young man

Mvunzu, 2, n., muddy sediment. Mvutwa, 4j ii- = mvudiangungu, App. Mvuvu, 4, +a pipe, tube. Mvwania, 2, n., pride. the track of Mvwa-vwa, 4, Mvwamvwila, ] a great beast.
;/. )

;/.,

or woman.

Mwa,
adv., eternally, for

locative,

on,

of,

from

{before

Mvu,

4,

;/.

living creatures only, and rarely

yakwele mvu,
ever,
.

used
e

mwa esi
country

with the negative never.

.,

mpaka, on

the

nsi bedilanga people of

levy

-a

mvu ya mvu,
eternal.
4,
;/.,

everlasting,

the
tax.

they

the

Mvudi,

greens, vegetables, the

mwaka-mwaka,
Mwalala,
3, n.,

adv., in divers

or

leaves of which are

food.

eaten as

various places.

a centipede.

Mvudi-mvudi, 4, Mvudiangungu,

;/,,

see
7i.,

kanda, App.
a simpleton,

4,

iffwalu, 3, n., a route, way of approach, way by which an attack

is

ignorant man,

who does not

made

the strong part of a

879

MWA-Mwi
mwasi (3)
{pi.

Mwalu,

continued.

-a

-a miasi),

a.,

open.

current, the current of a river,

the strong current.

mwalu a
air).

kiozi
3

(5),

a draught (of

-amwasi, mwasi, adv., open. Mwebele, 3, ., a weak person or thing. Mwekwa, 3, ., a strong post on the
outside of the wall of a house,
to prevent
it

Mwambizi,

;/.

(Mbamba), a para-

mour, mistress.

from heeling over;

Mwana,

i, //.

a buttress.
(12), .,

mwana

a longo

daughtergirl,

Mwelele,

3,

;/.,

earwig.
the essence, essential
juice
(of

in-law.

Mwema,
;?.+a

3,

n.,

mwana

a nkento, young woman.

i,

oil,

strength,

meat,

vegetables, herbs,

S:c.).

Mwana-kazi,
kazi.

n.

(Bako.)=mwalawana-ngudi),

Mwema, 3, n.
tree.

(Solongo), the
n.

mangrove

Mwana-ngudi,
brother.

{pi.

Hwenze,

3,

{of living creatures

This

word

is

used

only),

indefinitely of

several brothers

of the question of comparative age^ also more indefinitely of those toivhom one is

regardless

one not having yet attained to maturity, hetice, maiden, virgin, pure, he7ice adopted for such as maintain purity eveji after maturity; see ndup.
/

much attached and

nected^

closely con-

as

"brethren," in

the

mba, -amwenze,
'

369.

The word ngudi here refers more to the ideas associated with ungudi,
Christian

Church

-a

mwenze,

a., virgin.

Mwidila,

3, n.

(Bake), a creek,

gulf.

Mwina

that

than with a common mother, so it is quite proper to use of those with whom one feels con-

ye, there are... in. Mwinga, 3, .-f- stubble of any kind.

Mwingi,
a

3, n.,

one who

is

very great,

man

of importance or posi-

nected as " brethren in Christ,''

or children of the Heavenl}' so that the meafiing Father has become when thus used much widened from the primal idea of motherhood. It is
;

tion, a somebody. nene-mwingi, excellent

majesty,

actually in use

in native life

as a term of close friendship.

KLwanda,

adv.^ see -anda,

.,

App.
in

-amwanda,

spiritual

nature,

spiritual.

mwangani
App.

(4),

adv.=Q mwanga,

Mwangasa,

v.t.

(Bako.)=mwangagirder (iron).

nisa, p. 363.

one exceedingly great, a great one (a high title). fwa-mwingi, i, death is all-powerful, a name given to a daughter born after many children or see nsirelatives have died mote, App. one who is in the Mwisi (i) ki (///. a man of the habit of mwisi town where they ) kibaka makasi, one who is in the habit of losing his temper {lit. an inhabitant of Lose-your;

Mwangu,

3, ;z.-|-a

mwangu
sion.

(4),

adv., in

a scattered

before

temper). a person! s name, a

man
of

condition, in a state of disper-

the town

of or one
;

of
's

kala

mwangu,
3,
Ji.

-z/.,

to

be scattered,
.

dispersed.

or followers ki-Makitu, one of followers or party.

party

mwisi
Makitu's

Mwanzu,

(Mboma),

roof.

Mwivi,

3, (Bako.;,

3 key.

Na-Nda.

880

Nata, continued. nata mfundu

to

(4),

become

liable

N.
-na, def.
V.J see ina, App. Naliwe, pro7i. inter. (Bako.), what? (=aweyi). Nanama, v.i., to be pulled tight, tense,

judgment.

nata e mpanda (2), be guilty of or come under condemnation for

a capital offence.

nkanu (4), be guilty of or nata come under condemnation for

a criminal offence. -anatana, ., compound, combined, united together, as the com-

strained.

Nanga, Nanga,

a,

(Bako.), a study.

v. aiix.., to... perhaps

;

orvQiy

likely

onanga lunga, very

pound eyes of poimd molars of

compotuid

insects,

co7n-

the elephant,

likely he was right. dinanga lungana vo or dinanga kala vo, it is perhaps possible it may be perhaps that that dinanga kala vo kwiza kekwiza, it may be perhaps
;
;

engines,

binocular

instruments, undetached houses.

Natu,

4, n., a small engagement fee paid to a doctor (of any kind) when he is called to a case.
v.t.,

Nanumuna,

to

stretch,

extend,

that he

may come,

nanga... ye, v. aux., to... perhaps, to... about ; yananga mana ye

tezo kia ekumi vana fulu, I finished about ten on the spot

draw out, to draw a bow. e nda yo (2), adv. {from danda), quite full of e nzo ina ina e nda yo wantu, the house is quite full
;

of people.

ndanga kio sumba yo mbazi, I may perhaps buy it to-morrow. Nanga, ^^1^55 jf ^ot, except.
)

-anda,

a.

mwanda,
Ndabu,
2, n.

loc, in far distant places.

(Bako.), eyelash.

Nangi,

)
")

-^

Ndamba,
perhaps,
f/ie
,

2,

a considering, a turning
; ,

Nanga,

con/.,

a/one

over in one's mind, cogitating

see

Nangi, j

marking
the above.

the

difference

from
-anangi,
a.,

troublesome, irksome, an-

noying.

lamba, App. | -andamba, a. (Bako.). su kiandamba, n., a mortar hollowed out in the side of a log
instead of the end.

Nangia-nangia,
about.

2,

;/.,

a being driven

Ndambilu

e nangia-nangia, adv., wandering

about, driven here and there.

(2) a main (9), n., the place where one's feet lay when lying down, the direction of the feet.
2,

Nangu & nangu,

Nangn,
4, n.,

conj., see

nanga &

Ndambu,

n.,

the confection of

oil

nanga, App.
a stay, sojourn.

and indiarubber placed on the tympan of a drum to give tone

to
it.

Nani, pron. Ti nani kwaku or nge nani ? who are you ? nani yo nani ? who were they ? [lit. who and who Y) what are their

Ndambu, 2, ;/. vana ndambu

well as.

a, prep.^ beside,

as

Ndandani,

names

"i

2, n., order of rank or precedence or in which one follows

Nata, v.t.^Xo take with one as

companions, &c.

escort,

the other.

nata
be

masumu
guilty,

(8),

bear the

guilt,

one after the -andandani, a., other, followe ndandani, adv., / ing each other.
~)

, ;

88i

Nda-Ndo

Ndandu, 2, ., a reply, remark; kavwidi dio ndandu ko edi

imvovese, he had nothing to remark on what I said to him.

Ndia, continued. luvila lua ndia mosi, the closest relationship, i.e. having one
mother.

Ndandu,
Ndata,

2,

., profit

in

trade, gain,

use, profit, advantage.

2, .,

the

the manner of carrying way of expressing oneself

;

Ndia-nuni, 4, ., a good timber. Ndiafu, 2, ., a foul

red-wood
feeder,

tree,

one who

eats anything cooked or raw,

or of putting things, a style of

clean or unclean, hence, a very

irritating

speaking.

term of abuse.
a giant.

Ndaulau,

2,

w.-fthe perfect insect of

(.'')

Ndiala,

4, .

(Bako.), a lizard.
4, n.,
(

a variety of white

ant, ap-

Ndiangula,
Ndiasala,

pearing in the cold season. Ndaza, 2, //., misfortune, curse, woe

4, n.
.,

Bako.), a lizard.
to overflowing.
full
of,

Ndibwa,
e

2,

a very great quantity

yo, adv., quite

ndaza kena yau, a curse is on him ndaza tutelameseno,

;

which

fills

ndibwa

(2)

everything goes against us or we are under a curse.

densely

full of.

Ndemba-lemba,

a species of Bauhinia (?), large yellow flower.

2,

.,

Ndiki-diki, 2, motion.

.,

noise of

some com-

Ndimbuki,
Ndio-dio,

&

4, n.,

the selected one,

Ndembi - nona,
pattern

2,

.,

a baize cloth,

the elect, the chosen.

4,
.,

having a red ground with a close of leaves or curves

one whose
a
tall,

hunger

seems
Ndiokololo,
a
tall,

insatiable.
4, .,

upon

it.

straight tree,

Ndembo,
for

secret language

of,

see p. 506

thin
^

When
towns

examples, see kizengi, App. people return to their

after initiation into

Ndiona, andiona,

man. de7n. &^ rel.

tic,
;

proii.,

cl.

sing., T,rd pos.

empha-

Ndembo

the mystery, they assume

of course, of a

new names, and

ing
fair,

ondiona, J he who Ndioyo, dem.

he, who, he that,

she, &c.
i,

dr^rel. pron., cl.

sing.,

complimentary import, implybeautiful, light-skinned.

2nd
that,

pos. emphatic, he, who, he

he who

she, &c.

Women's names, Mianza, Miezi, Maleko, Dima, Ndundu, Masamba, Mvemba, Mabwaka, Mbwaku comely, Mwisi,
;

Ndioyu, dem. &^

1st pos.

rel.

pron.,

cl.

i,

sing.,

emphatic, he, who, he

;

if

dark

but

she, &c. that, he who Ndivo (=yandi vo), so he said,

says,

Bweto, Mai

quoth he, &c.

nkutu..., ndivo, although, even though see sentence under wingi, App. e ndolo-ndolo, adv., hurrying along
;

Men's names, Lema, Kaloka, Lembanisa, Luyowa, Nkau if dark, Ekuluzu. one who has been initiated into the mystery, nganga, 2, n. one who has not, vanga, 6, n. Ndezi, 2, ?z.=nsikinwa, App.
lente.
;

muna

{lit.

with go-on, go-on).

2, n.,

Ndomba,

a petitioning, begging

also the thing

begged
a.

for.

-andia,

.,

feeding, grazing.

Ndombola,
{act.).

2,

n.,

darkening,

ntoto

andia, n., feeding-ground, pasturage ground which brings

(4)

blackening, darkness, blackness

forth food, rich soil.

Ndonga,

2, .,

a weaver's shuttle

stick.

-andia,

a.,

edible.
.,

Ndia

(4)

mosi,

e ndongeleka, adv., in a line, after the other in a line ;

one

ma-

3L

Ndo-Nen

882

Ndongeleka, continued. vata mau amatanu mena e ndongeleka, those 5 towns are in a line or come one after the
other on the line of route.

Nduta,

2,

;/.,

the passing by, the Pass.,

over.

Nduvu,

4,

cruelty,

abominable,

Ndongota,
Ndongoti,

2,

.,

investigating, philo-

hard treatment. -anduvu, ., cruel, shameful {in that

abominable,
sense).

sophic pursuits, philosophizing.

Nduzu,

an investigator, one who seeks knowledge, a philoso2,

,,
2, .,

pher.

Ndua, Ndua,

2,

?2.,

a drink, beverage. a manner of drinking, a

4, ., a burrow, a hole (made by an animal). Ndwadi, 2, ., a wound, cut, gash. -andwelo, a. ke -andwelo, not a few, no little or

small.

draught.

Ndwenga,
tact.

2 {generally pi.), n., clever-

Nduandu (Bako.)=ndioyu.
-andudi, rt;.+very bad, shocking. Nduka, 4, ., a hole in a hill side, a
cave.

ness, talent, genius, ability, skill,

Ndukana,
Ndukuta,

2, .,

the

manner or sense

of smelling.
2, .,
2,

Ne-, pre/., see p. 369. Nouns prefixed by ne- retain their original class, or become 1st classy nenunu, 4, an ancient nunu being a noun
;

the sense of smell.

perspiration, close-

of the 4th class.

Ndukutila,
ness.

.,

Nebidi,

2,

n.,

a fierce cyclone, hurri-

cane.

Ndula,

2, .,
2, is

young sprouting
.-|-a

grass.

Nekwenda, i, n., one sent on an errand,

messenger.

Ndumba,
age

woman
until

of middle

often

gallantly

spoken

Nemavitu,
gate.

i,

n.,

the keeper of the

indeed it seems sometimes to be almost a synonym of woman.

of as

ndumba,

Nembumba-kalutwa,
quisitive fellow,

i,

n.,

an

in-

who

will

allow

-andumba,

a.,

young

(of

women).

Ndumba,

2,

n.^

a mixing, blending,

gation

nothing to pass without investi{lit. Mr. No-secret-shallbe-passed-by).

i,

combining, adulterating.

Ndumbizi, 2, ., a bridesmaid, the bosom friend of a girl {only used of girls and young women).

Nemfilatu,

n.,

the

king's

most

trusted councillor, the Premier.

Nemfimbi,

i,

n.

(from kizengi), a dog's

n.,

Ndumbu,

2,

??.,

aromatic plants {ge-

name, searcher.

neric)^ incense.

Nempemba-ewungu,
bribes
case,

i,

one of a

Nduna

(Bako.)=ndiona.
2,

number of judges who has taken

from both parties in a

Ndunda,

.,

the midst, the main

part.

& when

the case

is

de-

ndunda a
town.

evata, the centre of the

the

cided the party which lost exposed his action, and, in consequence, the whole judgment fell upon him he has gathered
;

ndunda a nkoko,
well

main stream,

out from the shore, the

river.

middle of the

(wungula) the whole upon himself.

Ndungianu,
the

2,

n..,

a stupid condition,

result

of drink or severe
also

Nene,

12,

;/.,

the right side, the east.

to the right
of.

sickness,

one who

is

in

kuna nene wa,

side or east

hand

that condition.

Ndungununa,

2,

??.,

a crack in the

Nene-mwingi,
App.

see

under mwingi,

corners of the mouth.

(883
Nenevesa (Kib.), v.t., to make great. Nengi (Mba.), adv.^ then, afterwards. Nengoka, v.i.^ to start (of a ship), to
launch out into the deep, set sail, sail away.

Nen-Noe
continued.

Nganga,

tentious fellow, one

who

is

al-

ways

raising objections.
;/.

Ngangu,

2,

ngangu ke nlongo
verb)^

ko,

vo mi-

Nengolo,

i,

.,

the mighty one, the

nwikwa muntu kaluka

wisdom
is

all-powerful, the Almighty.

Nengona, v.t.^ to cast into an abyss or chasm or over a precipice. Nenkongo-a-mpanzu, i {sini;. only)^ one who performs on the funeral drum (esikilu).
Neniinu,
4, .,

(Pronot mjedicine to be administered that a man

should be wise.

Ngani,

2, n.

mfumu

(2)

ngani, a free

man

or

woman
-angani, a. -|- that which nobody has any right to interfere with, free, independent. Ekongo diangani, ., the Con^ Free State.

a very old person, an

ancient.

Nga

before

a future tense implies that is to follow as a natural course; nga mbazi tukwenda, we shall go then tothe action

morrow

(of course).
i before

Ngani, 2, n.^ sourness, acidity. Nganzi, 2, ;/., unwillingness to comintumini, nganzi, kekwenda kwandi ko, I sent him, but he is disobedient he will not go.
ply,,
;

nga or nga

the past or per-

disobedience

fect tense of a verb is equivalent to ought to have, should have,

the action

kansi

nkwa

being considered as
to son-ie-

a natural consequence

thing expressed or understood;

Nganzu,
is

nga

nwavanga

didi,
;

you

2, n.^ the bush and scrub on the outskirts of a town which

wakombele vava
terday.

ought to have done this nga ezono, you ought to have swept here yes-

protected from the

annual

bush-fires by a ring of clearing

all

round the town.

,

Kgavo
;

co7ij.^

as for as for

but

nga vo i as for, but nga vo i mono, as for me or but 1.

,

ngavo
ngatu,

mono,

me t;rbut I.

Ngaluka,

2, .,

incandescence,, glow-

seties

ing or white heat.

of a of negative alternatives^ atidfollowed only by an abstract

conj., nor, before the last

Ngambu, 2, ., unconsciousness. fwa e ngambu, v^ to become

conscious.

noun or the verb in the infinitive;

unsentence, as below, the verb is in the subj. fut. indef tense; nlongo-

when preceding a

2, n. (P. camara), the room or house in which a corpse is kept before interment. Ngandu, 2, ., an ivory horn giving the note of " sol," the 5th in the chord to which they are set. Nganga, 2, n.^ one who has been initiated into the ndembo or any other mystery one who has had one of the infectious diseases, and can therefore nurse any one suffering from it.

Ngamela,

ki kasundidi
ko,

ngatu

nlongi andi ntaudi kasunda

mfumu andi, a pupil is not greater than his teacher or a servant than his master kuvo;

vi

luvunu ko ngatu yiya ma,

tell

do not
thing.

lie

or steal any-

Ngawa, 2, ;/. (Bako.)=ngau, p. 372. Ngemba, 2, ^. + the disposition which

gladly
ness,

nganga

(2)

a mpaka

(2), .,

a con-

& cheerfully does a kindreadiness to do a kind

Nge-Ngu
Ngemlia, continued.
action,
feeling,

884

complaisancy,
hence,

kindly

Ngobodi, continued. upon the face

fear.

to inspire

awe or

friendliness,

friendship, &c.

sia e

ngemba,

v.,

to

make peace
n.

lor friendsiiip,

ngemba a ngudi,

2,

(Rako.),

motherly love, tender affection, great kindliness, tender mercy. -angenge, a., sounding, giving forth a ringing sound,

Ngengele,

2,

;/.

(Bako.), the pupil of

the eye.

Ngodi, 2, A(.=ngongo, p. 374. ngodi ame, I do not want to ngodi is more a child's word than ngongo. Ngodia-ngodia, 2, /z. -(-the remote past. Ngofwila, 2, n., something done all to no purpose, a waste (of energy, money, &c.), something not wanted, of no use. -angofwila, a., wasted, of no use,
;

Ngengele, 2, ., a huge mass. ngengele a nti, a huge, enormous

tree.

spent

in

vain,

not

wanted,

wasteful, purposeless, useless.

e ngofwila, adv.,
all in vain.

all to

no purpose,

ngengele a etadi, a boulder.

-angengele, ., huge, massive. etadi (7) diangengele, a boulder
stone.

Ngoma,

(Bako.), a large barrel (of

powder).

-angomba,
the height of one plane

a.,

not

timid,

not

shy,

Ngengo,

2,

It.,

tame.

surface above another or of one

horizontal

beam,

&c.,

above
the

Ngonda, Ngondo,

2, n.

(Bako.), the moon.

2,

11.,

a large squirrel, white

belly,

some

given

point,

itof

hairs on yellow-skinned

measurement of anythi?tg perpendicular.

the rest brownish white, whitish

stripes

on

tail.

Ngengo,

2, n.,

a very steep and dan-

Ngongo

(2)

antela,
2, n.,

n..

Calabar bean.

gerous bank or chasm or sloping precipice.

Ngonzekela,

a collection.

Ngengengo,
e

2, n.,

a chasm.
firmly,
se-

ngi

(2),

adv., tightly,

curely.

-angOVO, a., for nothing, for no purpose or reward or reason. Ngozi, 2, n. (Bako.), a snoring. sa ngozi (Bako.), to snore.

-angidinginza,
Ngizilu,
for
2,
n.,

a.,

desolate, solitary,

Nguba,
dia e

2, .

drear, bare, treeless.

nguba akuluka omu tulu

the reason or purpose

coming.
2,
n., limit,

NgingU,

bound, not anyout, but the boundary of what is right or intended, the bounds of moderathing

marked

without fear or anxiety, to be in peaceful circumstances. Ngndi (2) a longO (12), n., the mother(Proverb), to eat

in-law of the wife {not of the husband, she would be ko).

tion.

ngingu

thoroughly but not too much, in moderation,

kole,
adv.,

Ngumba, i,n. (Bako.)=kimpunibulu. Ngumbu, 2, n., an outer covering,

casing,

something of

sufficient

within the bounds of moderation.

thickness
also a

&

strength to prove
;

a protection, a screen, partition

n.,

Ngobodi,

something huge, terribly great, something which inspires awe on account of its
2,

dome, arch,

arc.

size,

a bogie, a dragon, a fabu-

lous monster, a

mask

to

wear

2, n., a vault for temporary or special interment. NgungU, 2, ?^ -I- parchment. NgungU, 2, n., a very great crime or

Ng^nga,

(885

Ngu-Niu
v.i.,

NgungU,

conitnued.

far-reaching one of quences of evil.

consejioise,

Niania, Nianza,

to shine, glitter, sparkle.

v.i.,

to

go,

come or walk
into pulp,

noiselessly.

Ngungula-ngungula,
Ngutu,
2, .,

2,

.,

rush, bustle, energy.

a metal spoon, a trowel.

2,

Ngwawani,

.,

concord,

accord,

Nianzuna, ) v.t., to crush to pulp. Niasuna, \ Nienge, 4, n-, sorrow. Niengomoka, v.i., to rot to
Nienie,
6, .,

pieces.

being in tune (whether of people or musical

harmony,

apostrophe

(').

instruments).

Ngwelele-ngwenze, 2, ., an orator, a good speaker. Ngwenzo, 2, ., a delicious taste or

flavour

Nienza, 7/.z.=niaiiza (App.). Nieta, v. (Bako.), to crush or mash against the side of the cooking
pot.

Nietama,

(supposed to

be

per-

ceived by the ears rather than

the tongue).
e

v.i., to be pressed under a heavy weight. Nieteka, v.t., to place a heavy weight

upon.

ngwi

(2),

adv., tightly, firmly, se-

Nietoka,

v.i.,

to
.,

come

in

crowds.

curely.

Nikinwa,
the sense of hearing.
n.,

Ngwilu, 2, Ngwizani,
to

n.,
2,

used for crushing (pepper, &c.) on an6,

the stone

willingness to listen
;

other stone.

each other & be reasonable a state of law & order, civilization, friendly intercourse.

Niku-niku (4), , see nsonsa, App. Nikuna, 7/./. + start (a subject); wau
onikwini e diambu diadi, since you have started or mentioned this subject

Ngyadi,

2, ., fetus,

embryo.

Ngyaku,

2, .,

one who comes to aid

of some enterprise ; one who joins in a song or chorus, a chorister.

in the prosecution

Ngyambani,

2, n.,

the most intimate

relationships,

Nima, 2, ??. + lee, shelter. Nimba, v., to doze. manimba, pi. 9, ., sleep-sickness. Nimba, I'.t., to revolve rapidly, perpendicularly only.

&

friendly

even

to a

community

of goods almost

see yambana, App., hence, ngyamhani muna mpasi, or

mu
the

Ninga, 6, n., a long thin kwanga. Ningika, v.t., to stop, delay, check, keep still or silent, restrain, impede.

wete, sympathy in sorrow or

joy.

Niokoka,
(2)

Ngyambika

a moko
of

(9),

.,

v.i., to come or be put or brought in crowds or abund-

laying on
position of

hands,
;

the

im-

ance.

hands

see

yambika,

Niokona,

v.i.,

to put

or bring

plenti-^

App.

fully.
2, n., 2,

Ngyambu,
Ngyatiku,

permission.

Niongota,

v.i.,

to wriggle

and crawl

.,

a commencement,

(as maggots).

beginning.

Ngyeleka, 2, ., a taste, an earnest, something given as an earnest of more to follov/ all in due
course.

Niosona, v.t., to beat cruelly. Niotona, ^./.= niokona, App.

Niosi,
2, .,
2,
??.

a bee (Bako.), honey.

Nitu,

4-the flesh, the substance

of the body, so the

body
;

nitu

Ngyemo,

2, n.,

a suckling.
the reason for going.
)

Ngyendelo,

2, .,

ame ina e kiozi, I am cold, nitu a lit. my flesh is cold

muntu, human
Niukutu,
2, n.

Ngyumbula, 2 (Bako.), Ngyumbwila, 2,

^^
)
'

^ ^^^

flesh.

Niu-Nka
Niukutu, continued. ye niukutu yo nta,

886

.,

very sour.

Nkanda, continued. nkanda a longo

(10),

.,

money

Bfiunguta, v.L (Bako.), to wriggle & crawl (as maggots). Itkabu, 2, .+courage, pluck. Nkadi, 2, ., a demon, devil, a fiendish person,

paid to the parents for a wife.

wana

(i

pi.)

2^

nkanda a

ese, chil-

dren of one father but various mothers, i.e. the children of the man's matrimonial speculations.

nkia nkadi inete ko, what in the d took him there ? what wretched influence induced him
to

Nkanda-kanda, 2, n. vana nkanda-kanda

Nkandikilwa, 2, Nkangadilu, 4,
ceived).
?/.,

a, prep..,

on

the top of (water only),

go there
n.

a prohibition.
a visitation
(re-

Nkafi,

4,

{generally sing.\ irrita(Bako.), other.

2, .,

n.,

tion, anger, vexation,

-ankaka,

a.

Nkaka

(2)

a ekunda(8),
2,

a great-

Nkangala (4) a nzila aLuvu(Proverb), ;/., those who happen to be going

in the

grandparent.

same

direction, but

on
no-

Nkakidiswa,
or

n.^

a screen, shield

different

business, having

shelter,

something

which

thing to do with each other.

blocks the way or view,

Nkangalu,
brake,

4,

n.,

company,

com-

Nkakilu,

2, ;z,,

a guard, flange.
n.,

panionship.

Nkakilwa,

2,
;

check,

ratchet
parent.

see
/?.,

Nkakuludia, .2,

kakidila, A pp. a gr^at great grand-

Nkangalu, 4, Nkangazi, 4, Nkangazi, 4,

., visit (paid).

.,

one who

travels.

^,-l-a reflected

Nkangu,
4,

4, n.^

image. an agreement, a cove-

Nkala-menga,
where
off his

??.+tbe place where

nant, bond, contract.

a great hunter was buried or

his hair

head
.,

at death,

which was cut was buried.

mbiya a nkangu, see mbiya, p. 343e lumbu kia nkangu a ntangwa,

the day appointed.

Nk,lati,

2, .,

thinness, emaciation,
thin,

nkangu,
locked
;

adv.^

tied

up,

bound,

-ankalati,

emaciated.
in high position.
??.,

twika kio
tied

Nkama,

4,

;?.,

wife or husband, seldom

send

it

up

nkangu, ngyele yo
I

iLsedbtct. of those

wana
found
soner.
it

nkangu,
locked.
a.,

went

&

Nkambakani,
Nkambakani,

&

4,

a mediator,
lying

a go-between,
2, ,,

-ankangu,

tied up,

bound,

pri-

many things
a parallel of

across each other.

-ankangu,
lati-

.,

Nkambiku,

2,

;?.,

Nkangu
Nkani,
2,

(4)

numerous. a ntima (4),

-,

misery,

tude, latitude.

wretchedness.
,,

-ankambwa, a. nsangu (2) zankambwa, secondhand news.

one who has malicious

malicious.
4,
n.,

intentions.

-ankani,
tissue

.,

Nkamvi,

any kind which has been chewed and the goodness extracted, chewed re4, ,.,

of

Nkanikinu,
threat,

command,

a promise, vow, imperative

instruction,

fuse.

sia
(P. basia),

an order, nkanikinu, v., to make a

Nkanda, 4, n. nkanda a basia vana

^'.,

to present with one's freedom.

(8), w.,

nkanda efwa
ment.

will, testa-

promise or threat, to take a vow, command, order. Nkanka, 2, .-f devotedness, devotion {in that sense., not worship)., selfabandonment in the cause of

887)
Nkaya-kaya,
continued.

Nka-Nke

kanka, Hka continued.

another,
sense).

faithfulness

{in

that

nevertheless, in spite of

all,

all

sia e

nkanka,
2, .,

7/.,

to

display such

devotion.

Nkanka,

the faith, confidence,

In

was in vain, it was of no use. e nkaya-kaya, adv.^ in rain, fruitlessly, to no purpose. Nkayikwa, 2, a cross-piece, cross,

trust.

(1624) this of the Faith, religion.

Christa Doutrina word is always used

line,

cross-threads, the woof, a

part which lies at right angles

with a structure or fabric,

nkanka za Nzambi ampungu=

the Christian religion, the holy
Faith.

-ankayikwa,
cross,

a.,

lying
at

cross-wise,

thwart,

right

angles

This

is

the solution of

with the length.

the

difficulty

the note under

380.
It

which prompted nkanka on p. may be that the real

ku nkayikwa,
the length.

adv.^

cross- wise,

athwart, at a right angle with

and original meaning of nkanka is faithfulness, and that this was

into usage for faith, because the ancient missionaries lacked a better word. sia e nkanka, v.^ to impose faith or confidence, confide, trust. Nkanu, 4, . + a criminal offence. nata nkanu, v., to be guilty of or come under condemnation for a criminal offence, be guilty.

Nkayi-niini,

2,

.,

Buteo jackal, the

jackal buzzard, having a cry like

strained

a jackal, living much on the ground, & is a great ratter. Nkeka (2) a mfinda, ., a thistle growing in the woods.

-ankeko, a.^ fine, handsome, rich, ornamental. Nkembo, 2, ., an ornament, piece of

finery, jewel, jewellery.

Nkenda,

2,

n
or

Nkanza,

2, n.

(Bako.), a jigger

which

kuna nkenda

kuna nkendathe

has not penetrated the skin.

nkenda, with
regretfully.

apHied fortn

Nkanzangala, 2, .^kingandi. Nkanzika, 4, ., a mouthful.

Nkasi, pi.
2,

of the verb^ sorrowfully, sadly

.,

thongs of skin or
determination.
to con(to

leather twisted together.

nkenda! inteij., poor thing. Nkenene,//. 2, n., fury, great anger,

rage.

Nkasi,

2, ., fierce
71.
.

Nkata, 2, wanda.
one

Nkengezi,

2,

n.

(Bako.),

climbing

.0

moko mu nkata,
;

grass, razor-edged, also a sharp

vey the news of a murder

in authority)

wizidi wa-

marsh Nkengi, i &

grass.
4, .,

nda

mfumu

moko mu

one who takes care or looks after (something), a

bishop.

nkata, he came
-ankatu,
<2.

&

told

the

chief of the murder.

Nkengwa,
wrongfully.

+ for nothing,
.,
.,

Nkatulu, 4, Nkavi, 2, man.

-ankavi,

the taking away.

powerful,

strong

2, ., a light, lamp, native candle of arachids or croton nuts threaded on a stick. Nkenonoka, 2, ., abhorrence, loath-

ing.

.,

powerful.
4,
.,

Nkento
sleeplessness,

(i)

ansona,

w.,

a widow

{i.e.

Nkawa-meso,

woman

solitary, bereft).

night watchings.

Nkawu,

watchman, policeman, gendarme.

2,
.,

watcher,

Nkaya-kaya,

co7ij.^

notwithstanding,

Nkento-nkento, 2, ;/., ayoung woman. Nkenza, 2, n. (Bako.), the vagina. Nkesona, 2, ;/., a piece broken off, a crumb, bit.

Nke-Nki
Nketa,
4, ., folds of skin in emaciated or very fat people. e nkete, adv.^ with subj.fiit. indef. and only used where the action is not yet performed, before, pre-

Nkielelo, continued.

ntetembwa
star,

(2)

a nkielelo, daystar.

morning
n.^

Nkiku,

4,

regular

way

of doing

things,

established

custom,

vious

to,

while as yet... not, on

general rule (of grammar), law

(of nature).

no account... before. There is something very emphatic, eveti imperative^ wheft nkete is used. nkete ofonga, okanga e e nkombo, before you sit down
tie

Nkikwa,

2,

n.,

a thing to intercept

with.

nkikwa a tulu
Nkinda,
2,

the goat.

nkete nki ? why, for what reason ? (///. what was before as a reason
or cause
?)

a breast-plate. a being strong, strengthening also the charms worn to protect from evil, a
(6),
.,
;

phylactery.

nkinda
that part of anyis

Nketekelo,

2,

n.,

e evata, a fetish image placed in the centre or entrance

thing which

between two

of a town to protect the town

large ends, specially narrowed

&

ensure

its

prosperity.

A
is

fe-

&

stem of a wine-glass or the handle of a

out, as the
2, n.,

drawn

tish

image when carved

of

mere piece

wood

until

dumb-bell.

small portion of the contents

Nketekwa,
to

a peg upon which

of a bundle of fetish has been

hang

things, also the crosses

placed in a hole in the head or

belly of the
is

often stuck into fetishes.

translator

The

image

this portion

of

the

Doutrina

called the

nkinda

(strength),

Christa (1624) says that "The Kongos called the crucifix

iquetiquelo"
(sing,
(pi.),
i.e.

and so long as it remains in the image it is a fetish. The

soul of the fetish
is

iketekelo
as
it

in the

nki-

kiketekelo)

or^

nda.

in the modern Konketekelwa (fr. keteka, to hang up), thing on which to

would be

Nkinda-nkinda,
Nkindi,
4, n.

4,

n.,

an uncertain,

go,

unstable, unreliable fellow.

(Bako.), a carved

wooden

hatig.

pillow.

Nki.

Nkingu,
adv.,

2,

n.,

a crowd, mass, great

kiau tu nki,
anki,
interj.,

by

all

means,

certainly, indeed.

number, how many or exceedused only in ingly, what a

why {when used as an

anki olueke, why, here
2,

expressions

of

wonderment ;

interj.);

nkingu a wantu bena vava,

what a mass of people there
are nkingu a tombe ekio how fearfully dark it is nkingu a nzo yoyo what an immense house nkingu a
!

he

is

Nkiamtiembie,

n.

plant

and
;

beans (bright red with black

ends) of Abrus prectorius
beans.
the

beans are known as Jaquirity

tonga ekio! a big

n.,

fellow like

Nkidibita, 4, wood.
Nkiedi,
2, .

a great piece of

fire-

this too

(I

should have thought

that you

would

have

known

+ money
dawn.

paid into court

is

better, a big fellow like you.)

before decision

given, a wager,

a bet.
Nkielelo,
2, n.,

Nkio, Nkisi

2, n.,

excessive bitterness.
(Bako.),
n.,

(4)
fits.

a teke

epileptic

889

Nki-Nku
2,
;/.

Nkitimisu
Nkitimu,

(4)

a ntima

(4), .,

a hor-

Nkondobela,
above.

(Bako.)=nkondo

rible, terrible thing. 4,

;/.,

a great roaring con(4), n.,

flagration.

Nkitimu
a

(4)

a ntima

a horror,
!

ta nkondobela = zinga nkondo. Nkondo-nkondo, 4, ., the crossing of the arms over the chest through
grief, bitterness

shudder, a terrible thing (causing a shudder) nkitimu

;

of

spirit, grief.

Nkondwa,

2,

.,

deficiency,
is

deficit,

a ntima kikilu wekala what a terrible thing it was nkiti nkiti nsangu-nsangn, adv.^
!
!

that which

lacking, a being

in need, want, necessity.

Nkongolo,

2, .,

see

etenda-nkongolo
circle.

safe

&

sound.

(App.).

Nko.
i

Nkongolozi,
i

2, .,

a ring,

nko

nko, adv., here one

&

there

another, here

& there, in
.,

various
white-

places (but not everywhere).

Nkodi

(2)

ankwata,
great, big.

a point, promontory, cape, headland. Nkono, 4, w., the source of one's income, business, trade, occupa2,

Nkonko,

n.

(Solongo),

breasted buzzard.

tion, profession.

-ankofo,

.,

Nkonzo,

2,

n.^

the source of strength

that

Nkoko,
Nkolo,

a long straight trumpet without any bend.

4, .,

&
and

energy,

which makes

the muscles

& members move

4, .,

an
2,

affair to

be attended
all

render their service, not

but nervous energy, hence,
;

to,

business.
.,

life^

Nkolomona,

freedom from
difficulties
;

a nerve

kena ya nkonzo ya

obstruction

&

also

ngolo ko, he has no energy or

strength.

marks made

at the junction of

two roads to show which road the caravan takes. -ankolomona, a., straightforward,
unobstructed (of a course).

Also a

fetish

image supposed

to re-

store

strength to a

paralysed

{i.e. from which the nkonzo has departed).

part

Nkolwa,

2, n.

nkwa nkolwa,
Nkomba,
(at
2, n.,

a drunken man.

the father of the bride

a wedding).
2, .,

Nkosa,4, L,., lobster. Nkosa a mbu, Nkosa, 4, n., a very old man. Nkoyo, 2, n., a 20-lb. barrel
der.

of pow-

Nkombe,

a whistling noise
hill

made
to
set-

by Kongos when stopping

rest in

Nkristn,

i,

.,

a Christian,
Christian.
tick.

chmbing a

or in

-ankristu,

a..

ting

ta e

down a heavy load. nkombe, v., to make such a

Nkuba,

2,

;/.,

a grass

-ankuba,

a.,

woven throughout, woven

sound.

entire.

-ankomfo = ankofo. Nkonda (2) a koko (9), ., the hollow of the bent arm (in which children are often nursed)
;

Nkubilwa, 4, n., the foundation or what corresponds to it in a Konj^o house^ the main stakes
of a building.

osidi
i

andi vana nkonda a koko, he nursed his child on

his

mwana
arm.
4, n.

-ankufi,

a.

vanknfl va tadila
(Proverb),
it is

makinu
him
that
;

well for

Nkondo,
zinga

nkondo,

to cross the

arms

over the chest

shoulders.

&

clasp one's

he tried that little trick on me if he had treated any one else so he would have learnt a lesson {lit. it is on a short (small)

Nku-Nku
Nkubilwa,
place
dance).
continued.
that

890)

Nkumbi,
practises

2,

.,

a viceroy, governor,
representative,

one

ambassador, pronoun.

Nkuka, Nkuku,

2, n.y

redemption {mid.

v.).

2, .,

a mushroom-shaped nest

ye nkumbi yo lulendo, assumed pretensions,

warranted violence
;

adv.,

of white ants.

by by unbakutu-

Nkuku,
Nkula,

2, .,

grime.

4, n.,

a rapid chase, a race, a

mwini madia muna mbangu zeto ye nkumbi yo

lulendo, they snatched the food out of our baskets as though it were theirs.
-a e

course.

Nkulu, I, 7Z.+a patriarch. -ankulu-nkumbi, a., very ancient. Nkulu, 2, n., redemption {passive). Nkulu, 2, ?/., fruit (like a fir cone) of
mpusu,

nkumbi yo lulendo, a. zumba kia nkumbi yo

lule-

&
in

date palm.

Nkulubu,

2,

;?.,

a basket

or cage

ndo, a rape. Nkumbi, 4, n., a wonder, marvel.

i

which pigeons or small animals can be carried. e nkuluki, adv., returning some other day wele e nkuluki, he has gone, and will not return for a day or two. Nkuluki, 2, ;/., a loss, that which is
(small)
;

diau didi

this is the

mbuta a nkumbi, most important point,

noun.

item, factor, matter, &c.

Nkumbu, Nkumbu,

2, . 4, n.,

+a
2,

a crop.
;/.,

Nkumbuluka,
number

a repetition, a

of times.
wilfulness, obstinacy,

lost fin trade

or accounts).
(4),

Nkumfu,

4, .,

Nkuluku
n.,

(4)

moyo (3) ^rntima

stubbornness,

perverseness,
surliness,

patience, resignation, ease of

crookedness,
ishness.

churl-

mind.

Nkulukwa, 2, n., Nkulungunzu, 2,

Nkulungunzu,
ness.

a losing, a loss.
n.,

hard,

-ankulungunzu, hard.
4, n.,

nakedness, bare-

Nkuminu, 2, ., a pause. Nkuna, 2, ;^.-f-a plant (planted). Nkuna, 2, ., a planting, a sowing. Nkunda, 2, ;/., home.
e

nkundakiani

(2),

adv.,

one above
the other,

-ankulungunzu, a., naked, bare. Nkuluntu, 2, n.y one of the chief of the elders, an ancient man, a
senator, governor.

-ankundakiani, a., one on top of the

other.

Nkunda-ngongo,

2, n.

(Bako.), a large
?

gallinaceous bird, bustard

There are two nouns nkuluntu; one has a light nasal itiitial,

Nkunda-nkunda,
e

2, n.,

an epiphytic
one above or on top of

plant growing on the nsafu tree.

and

belongs to the

2nd
c^ass.

class,

nkundieka

(2),
a.,

adv.^

the other

a heavy nasal
\st

initial,

-ankundieka,
e

and ind

is

of the

The
in-

the other.

class

noun

itnplies

an

nkundikwa
4, .,

(2),

adv., in the plural.

dividual much more old and honourable than him of the 1st class noun. Nkulwa, 2, ., redemption {passive).

Nkungi,

a great sight, spectacle or function to which a great number of people gather

;

Nkuma,

4,

n.,

strength

(physical),

nkungi a nkasa walungilu, the giving of the nkasa had

gathered a great crowd
function was resorted
to,
(///.

energy,
sio7i

power, by the possesof which one has efuka.

the

largely

Nkumbi,

2, ., a swarm of lunswa (winged white ants).

Nkungulu,

being tmderstood). 4, ft., a wonder, marvel.

891

Nku-Nkw
continued.

Iangnlu, diau didi

this
is

continued.
i

Nkuwu,

mbuta a nkungnlu,

restored,

meanwhile

violence

the most important point,

reigned,

item, factor, matter, &c.

unka,

4,

//.,

the pitch, slope, of a

roof.

yala e nkuwu, to spread the nkuwu, to assume the government, yala -nkuwu, a fine spreading
tree,

Nkunku, Nkunku, Nkunku,

his

2, w.,

a jungle which was not

n.

burnt last season.

2,

-ansi a

nkuwu,

a.,

unlawful, pro-

(Bako.)

nganzu

scribed, penal, but

when used
&c.,

(App.).
2, .,

of authorities^
a master of his pro-

couficils^

legal, properly constituted, ac-

fession,

one who is perfect (in knowledge, &c.) i salu

;

cording to the statutes.

Nkuzuki,

&

4, .,

a transgressor.

kia

nkunku
4, n.^

kiki, this

is

the

Nkwa,

I,

n.

work of a master hand.

nkwa

Nkunkula,

the grinding surface

;

liberal

of a grindstone

the tire of a

zayi (12), n.^ a generous, person (who knows how to make good use of his money).
before verbs.

wheel, also the surface to which

-nkwa

the

tire is

applied.

unkwa

or

unkwa kala
if

vo, in
if

Nkusi, 4, n. (Bako.), a breaking of wind (downwards), ta nkusi, v., to break wind. Nkuta (2) a luse (10), ., the middle
of the forehead.

case that,

perhaps,

per-

haps it may be that, if; when U- (uma, understood) is thus

prefixed to
impersotial^
bility

-nkwa
and
but

it

becomes
the

implies possi-

Nkutu-bandu,
is

2, .,

something which

existent^

when

a careful copy of something

else,

duction, the impression

an exact copy or reproleft by

child

other prefixes are applied^ it is to be translated by lest, &c., i.e.

to

avoid the possibility ;

ve-

seal.

nkwa
of
its

kala oyu ovova

that

mwana

which

a nkutu-bandu, a is the very image

some one may say

vo

Nkwala,

2,

;/.,

a channel, highway.

parent, &c.

nkanda a nkutu-bandu, a
book.

copy-

-ankwala-nkwala, a. ndungu zankwala-nkwala, pepper

without
salt.

Nkuwu,

2,

.,

which
rity

a carpet or rug upon only a chief may sit,

Nkwalu,

4, .,

&

carelessness

hasty thoughtlessness in speech or

hasty, careless, any-

hence the sign of lawful autho-

action,

government, the ideal of proper government {see under kiyoka) kuna nsi eno ke kuna nkuwu ko, there is no established authority or government in your country. bangula e nkuwu, v., to break a law, commit a very serious offence. According to Kongo custom, when such an offence was committed anarchy prevailed until
;

&

-ankwalu,

a.,

how, thoughtless,

nkwalu,
with

adv.^ hastily, carelessly,

an absence of due care

a..,

and correctness.

-ankwamu,
Nkwezi, Nkwezi,
2,
i

continuous, constant,

frequent.
;?.,

&

4,

a relative by marriage. an impresser, a ;/., a grinding or gnash-

printer.

Nkweteso,

4, n.,

the culprit was punished, not

until

ing (of the teeth).

then was law and order

Nkwimu,

4, n.,

a blaze.

Nkw-Non
Nkwiya
Nlaka
(4)

892

walembi
spirit.

velela,

.,

an

Nlembami,

i,

?;.,

one who

is

gentle,

unclean

(4) a ntinu, n.^ power to run batezanisi nlaka a ntinu, they raced together, i.e. com-

meek. Nlenda, sin^.

Nlendi,
4,

4,

.,

hair growing on

the chest.
.,

a rich

man

also a

pared
powers,

each

other's

running

euphemism for a corpse because

of the ostentation of wealth at a funeral. Nlevo, 4, ;/., abuse.
Nlolo,
4, .,

nlaka

a kwenda, n., power to go, the distance which can be traversed teza nlaka aku a kwenda, see how far you can
(4)
;

line,

row, a sentence.

Nlomba,

go-

a small plant, as a male papaw, &c., a tree which does

4, ^.,

Nlakazi, 4, ceous
of

.,
?)

a creeping (orchidaplant having a small

;

not

bear

fruit

on account of

sterility

or

sex.

blue flower
life.

it is

very tenacious
ffor),

Nlaku,

4,

n.,
;

a great liking

taste

nlaku ke usaki, do
your liking carry you
use without abusing.

Nlongi, 4, ., teaching, doctrine. nlongo, <:^;{/'.=mpasi {co7if), App. Nlongoki, i & 4, n.., a pupil, disciple. Nlualua, 4, ., an ambassador.

not
too

let
far,
4,

Nluku,

4,

n.^

a family

name

derived
rela-

from
tive.

some ancestor or

Nlalanza,
tree.

(P. laranja),

orange Nlula,

4,

?/.,

anger, rage, bitterness.

Nlanda,

an unhealthy season (for people or cattle). The season of the heavy rains is
4,

,,

nlula, adv.^ in an angry

mood

wele

nlula, he went
fish.

away

very fatal to pigs, the short dry

season for goats. Nlandu, 4, ., the taking no notice

(of

in an angry mood. Nlulu, 4, 71. (Bako.), a small Nlungi, I & 4, ??., a keeper.

Nlungu,

4,

.,

completion, fulfilment,
n.,

call,

threat,

violence,

arrival at its zenith (astron.).

annoyance, persecution, pain),

stoicism,
suffering

NlungU-lungU,
generosity.

4,

prodigality,

forbearance,
(z>2

long-

squandering, wasteful, ruinous

the above sense).

Nlanzi, 4, n., a tatter. -anlanzi-nlanzi, a., in rags

ngangu za nlungu-lungu,

a cun-

& tatters. &

Nona,

Nlaya,

4,

n.,

cloth of very fine tissue,

linen, silk, &c.

ning which fails to enable its possessor to keep his property, a foolish, false cunning which
fails entirely in its

-anlaya,

.,

very fine (of fibres

purpose.

threads).

Nokwa,

7/./.,

to

menstruate {a euphe-

Nlaza, NlebO,

4, n. 4, n.,

(Bako.)=ndaza,
persuasiveness.
persuasive.
(3)

A pp.

mism). 6, n., example, instance, lesson

(warning).

-anlebo,

a.,

Nlekoko a moyo

or ntima (4), n., earnest desire, longing (fr. lekoka, to burn fiercely). Nlekoko (4) a moyo (3) or ntima (4),
n.,

e nona, v., take as an example, take for instance. sia e nona, to give an example. Nonga-nonga, 6, ., pattern, standard

bonga

the absence of all impatience,

(fr.

of comparison, gauge, exact re-

patience, peace

l^koka, to

semblance.

be released).
Nlela-nlela,
place.
4,
n.,

-anonga-nonga,
a plain, a level
e
rect.

^.,

exact, strict, cor-

nonga-nonga,

adv., true to scale

(893
fonga-nonga, continued.
or gauge, exactly the same, in
exactly the
8ia...e

NON-NSA
,
;

same way as. nonganonga, v., make a

;

Nsampu,2,;/ appearance, apparition untwasa mbazi mene yantala e nsampu, bring him to-morrow, that I may see 'what he is
like.

comparison with..., set... as a gauge utusidi nti wau e nonga-nonga, he gave us this
stick as the gauge.
Tote, 2, n. (P. norte), the north.

Nsanga,
the

2, .,

opposite

a brother or sister of sex only., i.e. a

it

brother uses
vice-versd.

of a

sister

^
to

Nsa, Nsa,

4,

+ Church,

company

of the

Nsangalavwa,
used

4, .,

followers of Christ.
2, n.

in native

a cane-like plant, medicine.

(Bako.), acidity, tartness, an

nua

nsangalavwa a ungudi,

acid sourness.

drink a concoction of nsanga-

Nsadidila,

2,

//.,

remainder.

Nsafu,

4,

.,

uncleanness, foulness,
unclean, foul,
defiled,

defilement, pollution, obscenity.

lavwa, which is supposed to tame & civilize those who drink it, that no misunderstandings

-ansafu,

.,

may
tract

occur between those

it

who

polluted, obscene.

drink

together, hetice to conalliance.

Nsakabadi, 4, n.^ tamarind tree. Nsakabadi, 2, ., tamarind fruit. Nsaki, 2, ;?., cassava leaves, hence also a dish prepared from them. Nsakila, 4, ;/., an alarm cry, an alarm

an

nwika

nsangalavwa,
i.e.

to

make

peace, to reconcile,

to cause

two or more enemies to drink the draught which seals their

peace.

=mbwabwa,

p. 345.

ta nsakila, v., to raise an alarm. Nsakila, pi. 2, n.^ junior, youngest -^ the plural is used even when one person is spoken of; oyandi mpe nsakila zame, he, too,
is

Nsangu,

4,

.,

the noise (drumming,

singing,

&

shouting) at an in-

cantation.

Nsangu, Nsangu,

4, >
2,

a mixture.
in the
sing..,

.,

a report,
history
;

my junior.
a siwa meso
2,

information,
{pi. 7), ., eye-

account,

Nsala

(2)

in the

pi..,

service.

Nsalafu, Nsalu, 4,

n. (Bako.), driver ants.

nsangu nsangu (2) zankambwa, ., seconde

news, intelligence e andi, the report of him.

.,

harvest.
n.^

nsungi a nsalu,

harvest-time.

Nsamba-samba, 2, ,, a mane. Nsambu, pi. 2, ., grace (imparted). nkwa nsambu, one who is blessed,
fortunate.

hand news. nsangu-nsangu, adv. e nkiti-nkiti nsangu-nsangu,

safe

&

sound.
4,
n..,

Nsangunia,
{see

triumph, exultation

vana

nsambu,
2, .,

v.,

to bless, give

Nsansi,

4,

sanga). n., a fit (of any kind).

2, .,

a blessing.

Nsansumuna,
Nsanu,
2, n.

explanation.

Nsambu,

the ends of a piece of

(Bako.), the loofa, a wild

cloth, the corners of

handkerblessed,

cucumber.

chief or sheet.

Nsanza,
is

Nsambuki,

one who the Blessed One.

i, .,

2, n.., the mouth of a trumpet, funnel or bell or any enlargement at the end of a cylinder.
2, .,

Nsampa,

4,

(Bako.), a house for

Nsasa,//.

dung

(of birds).
ship).

shelter built near the

woods by

a palm-wine tapster, a shelter,

booth.

Nsauka, 2, Nsavu, 4,

.
w.,

+a

voyage (by

an excess, superfluity, super-abundance, hence lavish

NSA-NSI
Nsavu,
continued.
also

894

Nsi, contiiiued.
heart, in the

generosity or expenditure, pro-

bottom of one's
(4),

disparagement, dishonour, disesteem, light esdigality

;

heart.

nsi

(2)

ntima

the

heart's
;

timation.

desire, earnest desire

or wish

nsavTl a vwa, a superabundance of goods.

-a nsi a ntima, of the heart,

the heart's best, the beloved,

-ansavu,
ing.

a.^

disparaging, dishonour-

Nsaya,
Nse,

2, ., a plantation prepared but not yet planted.

darling mwana ame a nsi a ntima, the child of my heart, my darhng child. Nsi-mote, a name given to a son born
;

2, n.^

raw condition.

after

many
;

children or relatives

e nse, adv.^ without previously cooking, raw.

have died see mwingi), App.

mwingi

(fwa-

Nselwa,

4, ., a netted sling in which a calabash is carried.

4, .,

Nsiamu,
Nsiau,
4,

2, .,

accent.

.,

a very

soft,

immature

Nsema,

the whole creation,

all

root of manioc.

creatures.

Nsidikwa,
fetish

2,

n..,

a foundation, base,
;

Nsema,
Nsemi,

2, .,
i

the creating, creation.

4,

that which renders secure

the

a maker of images, see sema, a sculptor, &c. App.

;

&

which gives security to a

town.

Nsende, Nsendo,

&

11,

\
*'

Nseiide-iise]ide,2,J
4,
.,

t^

Nsiekolo, 4, n. (Bako.), threshold. Nsienene, 2, ., severe diarrhoea, also a tuber possessing a highly
cathartic principle.

recompense, reward,
.,

payment.

Nsiesie,

2, .,

a small round reed.

Nsendomona,
ner.

2,

a sarcastic manv., to

Nsiesie, 2, n. (Bako.), a gazelle-Hke antelope.

vova
Nsengi,

nsendomona,
;/.,

speak

Nsikinwa,
knee pad

2,

??.,

sarcastically.
2,

rest,

a spy, scout, explorer,

to

a hassock, foot or a small cushion or support the leg when

inspector, surveyor.

squatting.

an explanation as to to be see mpitn-ye-nsengo, App. Nsenzele, 4, /., rock, a stratum of rock {not a boulder)^ a rocky

NsengO,

4,

.,

Nsikulwa,
App.
Nsilu,
4,

2,

n.

(Bako.)=mwekwa,
termination,
ter-

how something comes

.,

end,
point,

minal
clusion

boundary,

limit,

farthest point,
;

extremity, con-

place, the out-crop of rock.

nza yayi

nsilu

-ansevi,

a,

(7) mansevi, front teeth smihng teeth, i.e. the teeth which appear when one smiles). the last cup of Nsi, 2,
(///.
-i

+meno

weyi? where is the uttermost bound of the earth ?

Nsilu,
2, n.^

a foundation, base, some-

thing very firm

&

secure.

Nsi,^/. 2 (Bako,),)
bash.
-ansi,
a.,

wine in a cala-

Nsimba-lusangu, 2, ., native brocaded velvet of palm frond now on the fibre, as woven

earthly.

Upper Kasai.
Nsimbinini,
2, n.,
2,

nsi or nsi-nsi, with the locatives,

the inmost, lowest.

an

axle-tree.

Nsimbininu,
Nsindu,
4, .,

.,

a stay, fastener,

kunansi or munansi-nsi (&c.) a ntima (4), in the inmost

ligament.

immobility, lethargy.

895

Nsi-Nso
continued.

dndulu,

(Bako.), stone or n. 2, pebble used in cracking nuts or crushing pepper, arachis, &c.
(4),

Nsobwa,

necessary to exchange another

nsingamu
Nsingingi,

adv.,

straight

on,

other

woman in the place of some woman betrothed, or a de-

over, &c.
4, .,

straightness.
straight.

ceased wife, a present is given to the husband on " the chang-

-ansingingi,

a.,

e nsingingi, adv., upright, erectly.

Nsingu
Nsinini,

(2)

a nzi
//.,

(2), n.,

a crack in the

skin bet^veen the fingers or toes.

4,

straightness.
straight.

-ansinini,

a.,

Nsinsi,

2,

n.,

dead weight, weight,

heaviness.

heaviness ezitu = comparative nsinsi = actual weight, whether great or little. Nsinzi, 2, ., that which imparts hard;

ing of the name." Nsodia, 2, n., a beak. Nsodiodio, 2, n., a few remaining, a remnant (after the greater part has gone away). -ansoka, a., made up, invented, not real and true. Nsoki (4) a mbwanzi (2), n., a careless, thoughtless action, which
involves great loss. A fly cannot eat a whole carcase, but settles on it for a moment, &
the whole soon decomposes.

ness
water.

to

water,

hardness

of

-ansokela,

a.,

play, chaffing.

-ansinzi,

maza
Nsioni,
4,

hard of water. mansinzi, hard water. the quality of being long

a.,
a., tall

nkumbu
Nsola,
2,

(2)
n.,

ansokela, a nickname.
the
clearing

away

of

&

forest or

woods

(not jungle), to

thin.

make a farm

(esole).

-ansioni,

& thin,

long thin, as

Nsola, sing.
to

2, n.,

the felled

wood

cut

a
Nsisi,

tall,

thin tree, a shaft, &c.

make a farm,
2, n.,

as above.

2,

n.,

horror (both of fear

&

disgust), terror,

-ansisi,

a.,

horrible, horrid, terrible.

Nsita,j>/. 2,

.+exceeding greatness,

excessiveness, superlative character, hence the rage

&

malice

two plants bearing capsules covered with barbed thornlets, which adhere to any clothing material. Nsombo, 2, n., that which is obtained by sombola, which see, App.
Nsolokoto,
small

seed

which comes through an exaggerated sense of the wrong done

to one,

Nsomo,

2, n.,

-ansompa,

a.,

a skewer. borrowed, hired.

n.,

or the earnestness of de-

Nsompani,
ing.

2,

marriage, a marryeel. The eel is have a small stom-

sire after that

which

is

superla-

tively desirable J it may therebe fore be good as well as bad, regarded as the equivalent of

Nsomvi,

4,

.-j-an
to

supposed
(i)

ach, easily filled ; hence,

nkwa
kia

malice or
-ansita,

zeal,

according as the
excessive,

ntima

(4)

a kimfi
is

intense emotioft be evil or good.

(a:.+exceeding,
;

nsomvi, one who

anger.

quick to

superlative

zenza kwansita,

exceedingly sweet.

Nsondi, 2, n. (Bako.), tantalization. tela nsondi, v., to tantalize.

Nsivu-sivu, 2, n., a crack in the lips. Nsiya, 2, ., a wooden whistle. Nsobani, 2, ., a mutual exchange, e nsobani (2), adv., in exchange. Nsobwa(2) a ezina(8),., the changing of the name. When it becomes

Nsonga,

2, n.,

a being proper, correct-

ness of behaviour.

Nsongelo, 2, ., means (letters, &c.) of showing introduction, evidence. Nsongi (2) a diambu (7), .,the plaini.e. tiff or defendant (in a case)
;

Nso-Nsu
Nsongi,
C07ttimied.

896
-a

nsukami

[pi.

asukami),
that

a.,

poor,

either of the parties

who have
fore-

needy, destitute.

their respective cases to show,

Nsukinina,

2,

n.,

which comes
;

nsongi (2) a nzila (2), .4-the most man in a caravan. kuna nsongi a nzila, to the
place.

afterwards, a later development,

something
front

subsequent

e ta-

ndu kia Mindele nsukinina,

before
the time of the white

Nsongi,

2,

;?.,

uprightness, righteous-

ness

of

conduct,

seemHness,

men (///. men was

Nsukisilu,
2,

the time of the white

subsequent).
n.y

comeliness, propriety.

-ansongi,

a.^

comely, befittipg, pro{used with the verb in

per, right, correct.

the end (of something which has a beginning & an end, not two ends, as a

Nsongi,

2,

n.

piece of stick).

Nsongi,

the applied form), the right (to

Nsuku,

2, n.

(Bako.), stocks, fetters.

kuna ya nsongi a kotela muna nzo ame ko, you

)

(a)

Nsukulu

have
house.

no

right

to

enter

my

2, n.,

the direction of (some-

thing),

where (something) is or is going to kuna nsongi a evata diame kele, he is gone

;

in the direction of

my

town.

a menga {pi. 7), n., the washing of the blood. When a ntekolo {see App.) is give?! as a wife in exchange for sojhc other fetnale member of the family, lest she should be treated or counted as a slave, some prese?tt is given to the husband to " wash her blood," i.e. to
(4)

NsongO, pi.
one's

2, n.,

jealousy as regards

make

her as a

full

member

of

husband or wife. nganga (2) a nsongo, n.y a jealous husband or wife.

-ansongo,
a.,

the family,

and take out the

) 2,
S

slave element.

jealous.

Nsumbi, Nsumbi-nsumbi,

n.,

timidity,

anxiety,

appre-

Nsonsa,

4,

.,

the noise of

work or
stir,

hensiveness.

things being

moved

about,

yela e nsumbi,

v.,

to

be anxious,

bustle, a rustling.

apprehensive.

sia

nsonsa,
noise.

v., to

make such
n.,

Nsumba-ndudi,
bladder.

2, n.

(Bako.), the gall

nsonsa yo niku-niku,
ance,
riot.

disturb-

Nsonzolo, 2, n., the uninitiated, an uneducated person, one who has

not had some special education, a layman pL, the laity.
;

Nsumi, 4, n. nzenza okakanga e nua mia nsumi (Proverb), lit. a stranger, who as such has no special
busijtess,

stopping the holes of

talk, the oc-

nsumi ants=\d\Q
cupation
of

-ansonzolo,

a.,
/z.,

uninitiated, lay.

the unoccupied.

Nsonzolo,

2,

a single child, not a

Nsunda,

2, n.,

the excelling.

twin.

Nsundidi,
the meaning, sense.

2, .,

surpassing character,

Nsosa, NSOSO,

2, n.,

greatness (comparative), excess,

victory.

4, .,

a sting, poison fangs.

a small variety of gourd.
adv.^ in the end, at last,

Nsildia,

2, n.,

Nsundungulu,
-ansungi,
a.

4, n.,

something hav-

Nsuka, 2, fi. oku nsuka,

finally.

ing no base to stand upon.

yaka
the youngest, last (of

(6)

kiansungi,
2, n.,

n.,

a partition.
e

-ansuka,

a.,

Nsunungina,
the

the barest vestige,

bit
;

persons).

least

little

nzevo

(897
Nsunungina, continued. zozo? nsunungina zina!
a beard
of one.
?

Nsu-Nta
4,
.,

Ntabala,
that

swamp,

marsh,

muddy
Ntala,
pi.
2,

place.
.,

there

is

just a trace

persistence, impor-

tunity.
2,

Nsunungu,
tooth.

+ the

nerve of a

sia e ntala,

v.,

to

be persistent,
adv.,

importunate.
a shrinking, hesitancy,
v.,

Nsusidi,

2, w.,

ntalala

(4)

yo ntuluzu

(4),

mona.-.e
Nsute, Nsuti,
2, n. 2,
71.

nsusidi,
to.

to

shrink

from, hesitate

wriggling along on the buttocks (as a baby who cannot crawl)

see tuluza,

-^

hyperaemic

App.
(6),

(Bako.),/

sweUing

in-

Ntalu

(4)

a sunga

n.,

the out-

side the nose.

-ansuva, Nsuvidi,

rt.

+ excessive.

Nsuwa,

/z.=nsundidi, App. something for which no place, duty or service is found. -ansuwa, rt. + odd, extra (something) which has not its appointed place, service or duty.
2, 4, .,

come, resultofatestof character. Ntambuki, i & 4, ., a favourite, pet, most favoured wife or child, one specially loved, -antambukijrt., favourite, best loved.

Ntanda, Ntanda,

4, n., 4,

india-rubber.

lumbu
Nswa,
2,

which there
.,
a.^

kiansuwa, a day upon is no market.

freshness of palm-wine.

has beneath the skin. From the above becaicse the native traders brought back
.,

a jigger which

penetrated

-answa,

not

more than

12 hours

jiggers from the coast. Ntanda-ndembo, 4, n., the

place.

great

old (of palm-wine).

square of a town, the palaver,

Nswa,

4, .,

authority, authorization,
right.

power,

Ntangu,
sting.
2, .,

2,

;/.,

Nswa, 4, n. (Bako.), Nswa-koko, sing.^

is

lives in

an emigrant, one who a town or country other

that which
after

left

on one's plate

than that in which he was born, a foreigner, stranger.

meal.
e

nswalala, adv., unadvisedly, without due consideration, unintentionally, rashly.

2, .,

Ntangwa, 2, n. -a nkangu a ntangwa,

ngu, App.

see

nka-

ina ntangwa kina vo or kinana

VO, the real reason
is.

Nswangani,
e

alternation, alter-

nate arrangement.

nswangani,

adv., alternately, with

Ntantabadi, 2, n., a persecutor, one who persistently annoys,

troubles.

one of one kind and one of another, odd of numbers. Nswangu, 4, n., a mixture, a foreign element brought in, an addition
of a very different character.

Ntatu,

a., secy.

cl.

ntatu,

4, n., (a)

i, 3 4, three, three (of persons or

&

living creatures only).

Nswaswani,
Nswatakesa,
ness.

2,

n.,

difference, lack of

Ntaudi, 2, n.-\-z. servant, ntayi (4), adv.

slave.

resemblance.
2,

wanda
rashness, heade

ntayi,

v., to

pat or strike

n.,

playfully (as a pat

on the shoul-

long thoughtlessness, reckless-

der after a hearty laugh).

Nswatata, 4, n., a long oval, oblong. Nswekelo, 4, ., a cupboard. Nswidi, 4, n. (Bako.), a young bird. swiku, 4, .+a wrinkle.

ntayi (2), adv. zinga e ntayi,

v., to

stand side by

other, each having the arm or hand round

side holding each

the other's neck.

3M

Nte- Nti
Ntekela, a man's name, implying that now that he is born the family which had become diminished will soon increase. Ntekolo, I, 72, + the children of slaves of the household are considered almost as children of the family^

Ntetebeswa,
Ntetedi,
4, n.,

2,

.,

the "touch" or

trigger of a trap.

a butcher.

To

call

any one ntetedi a ngulu would make him very vexed, for it is not a clean and honourable calling which smears one
with pig's blood.

and
-antela,
^.,

are called atekelo, grandlong,

(2)
tall.

children.

Ntetela (Bako.), see ntekela, App. Nteva, 2, n., a basket of fan-palm

n.,

ngongo
Ntela,

antela,

Calabar
-anti,

leaves.
a., wood. When the adj. is used of many things or wood generally, so that the products of more than one tree are con-

bean.
2, n.^

a deposit paid into court

is

before a case

decided, a bet,

a wager.

Nteleki,

&

4, n.,

a herald, preacher.

sidered,

the
this

adj.
is

is

really

Nteleko, 2, ., a proclamation, that which is proclaimed or preached, a solemn declaration.

plural
is

seen

when

it

Ntema, 2, Ntembe,

n.,
1 1

rage
2, n.,

&

fury.

by yo to another adj. lekwa yatadi ye nti, iron & wooden things (not yo
coupled
;

&

2, .,

Ntembelela,

a layer of thatch. a shaking, quaking, a small

field

nti).

Ntiaku-ntiaku,
directions.

4, n.,

dispersal in all

swaying.

Ntembelela,

2,

n.,

of

sia

ntiaku-ntiaku,
or scatter in
2,

v.,

to

drive

cassava.

all directions.
n.,

Ntemo,

4,

n.,

bright shining light, a

Ntiangalakani,
directions.

confusion, the

good clear light {not the thing which causes the light, but the
light resulta?tt).

state of being scattered in all

NtiangU,

2,

n.,

insolence,

scornful

-antemo, a., bright, giving light. ntendela, adv., retail by linear or superficial measurement.
,

remarks, blasphemy. Ntiangu-ntiangu, 2, n., a jilt.

Ntianguni,
mer.

i,

2,

&

4, n.,

one who

is

Ntendo

(4)

a ntima

(4),

n.,

perfect

scornfully insolent, a blasphe-

frankness, sincerity, honesty

&

truthfulness in a declaration or

conversation, a straightforward

Ntima, 4, n. ntima (4, n-) bwa,

one's

v.,

to

be com-

demonstration of innocence. e ntentela, adv. -f without catching

hold.

posed, calm, resigned, to have

mind

at rest.

fuwa

ntima,

to

be disheartened,

nata e ntentela, v., to carry on the head without holding, mungwa vana ntu angani, ntentela (Proverb), a load of salt on another's head is easily
other people's burdens cause us no suffering.
carried,
i.e.

dispirited, lose all interest.

fwilwa...o ntima, to be disheartened, &c.,

in.

VOnda

ntima, v,
deprive

to dishearten,

dispirit,

of

interest,

strength
e ntinu

&

courage.
adv., quickly.

yo nswalu,
a.,

Ntete.

Ntintibidi,
ntete, adv., at
first,
first.

4, ., rigidity, stiffness.
stiff,

vana or kuna
place.

-antintibidi,
rigid.

unbending,

e ntete-ntete, adv.^

in the first

Ntiobo,

2, n.

(Bako.),

an infant whost

(899

Nti-Ntu

Ntu, continued.
mother has not yet come out of the house in which she was
confined.

oku

se ntu, from that or this time

forward, henceforth,

hencefor-

Ntiongo,
Ntiti,
4,

2, n.^

absence of

all

energy

ward, for the future, from now, after this or that,

or power to say or do.

//.,

oku se ntu, with or without i bosi,

after

notion, idea,

whim.
they had not

a while,

at

length, soon,

ntiti

kaka nkutu, ke bakala

ko, OVO
.,

presently.

wau

the least idea that

kuna ntu,
Prep.y

adv., in position, before

ahead
;

of,

in

front of,
later

Ntoloki, 2, bones,

fracture,

broken

preceding

in

time,

on,

afterwards, in the future.

z/.,

yela e ntoloki,
a fracture.

to suffer

from

kwiza kuna ntu,

...{in

a.,

to

come

to

nganga

(3)

a ntoloki,

.,

a bonefirst-

setter.

muntu wizidl kuna ntu ame (in my dream), a man came to me.
a dream)
;

Ntomo(2)ambongo(i-/^.2),.

ntu

(4)

or with the locatives

ntu, adv., in

vana

Ntomoni, 2, Ntona, pi.

;/.,

fruits.

(&c.)

the front,
(&c.).

2,

;/,,

instinct,

inherent
genius,

in front, before

them

knowledge,

inborn

knowledge not imparted, com-

oku nsuka a ntu, at last, at length. kuna ntu kukwiziwa, in the end,
at last (in the future).

mon
Ntondo,
4,

sense,

sense, understand-

ing, conscience.
.,

ntu ukula,
(Proverb),

malu mekwenda
utter

thanks, esteem, com-

thoughtless-

mendation, praise. Ntondo, 2, ., the origin, source, commencement, that which brought
it

ness

lit.

head

drives, the legs

go;
is

ukula,
ness

diambu diadi dia ntu malu mekwenda, this

all

about.
2,
?z.,

a case of gross thoughtless;

Ntongeka,

a parallel of longi-

tude, longitude.

kuna ntu ukula, malu mekwenda, i kavovele,

he spoke without the
least re-

-antongo, a.^ big, great (of pigs o?ily). Ntongolozi, 2, ,, a curious, prying,
inquisitive individual
to

flection as to the consequences.

who wants

Ntudi,

2,

n. (Bako.),

a second row of
the

know

everything.

teeth

in

either

upper or

Ntongonona, 2, ., the child who has been brought up entirely by its

parent or foster-parent
is
-

lower jaw,

Ntuka,

4,

n.,

an inequality, the lack

his
;

of a part which therefore ren-

ntongonona

a foster

child

also a rearing thus.

ders useless an odd or extra number, surplus (for which no

provision
is

Ntonto, 2, n.^ a test, proof, Ntota, 2, n.^ sum, total.

trial.

made).

-antuka,
dia

a.,

unequal, odd, surplus,

Ntotela+J^^ remark under untotela, App. Ntoto (4) andia, ., good ^r productive soil.

excess.

mona

ntuka, v., to take the odd one. ntuka, to be at one's wit's end to know how to do or ar-

Ntozi,

n., the leader of the refrain antiphonal singing, the beginner.

2,

in

Ntn,

4, .,

head

also chief, leading

man.

range something, to be unable to make two engagements or purposes fit in together, to want badly, be in great need of, be in great difficulty for want of

Ntu-Nya
Ntuka,
continued.

900

Nua,
is

9,

.,

a
n.,

drink,

something

to

something of which a part

lacking and
is

drink.

therefore useless. {generally sing.),

Nui-mii,

6,

thirst

which seems

Ntuku-tuku,

2,

n.

insatiable.

green sprouting grass after the fires or mowing.

Nukuta,

v.t.,

to smell.
;

Nukwa,

Ntula, 4= ntuka, 4 (App.). Ntuluzi, I & 4, one who drags about, one who treats outrageously see "bunda-tuluza, App. Ntuluzu, 4, n.., see ntalala, App. Ntumba (4) a efuku (8), ., a dust or rubbish heap.
;

be vexed at or with badi dio nnkwa, they would have been vexed at it. Nunga, V. (Bako.)=lunga, p. 330. Nunguka, T/.z. + to hang down.
v., to

vumu

(6,

kia-)

nunguka,
(4), v.t.,

2/.,

to

be great with child.

Nunguna
to

mvungu

to give
///.
;

Ntumpa ntumpa,
Ntumwa,
2,

4,

n.,

anarchy, dis-

one's support to a matter,

order, lawlessness.

one sent, a messenger, ambassador, apostle, misn.,

sionary.

push on the water-bottle Ntotela vo, Twe lubasa yandi kibeni onungwini mvungu, Ntotela said, Agreed, he
!

sia e

ntimiwa,

?/.,

send a messen-

ger.

Nungunuka,
ther,

himself supported the matter, v.i.-\-X.o go on or fur-

Ntunga, 2, ., a jigger. Ntungianu, 4, n., a wanderer, one who has gone astray, lost the road also an ignorant man, a
;

be in a progressive state, be or become more and more,

increase
in.
v.t.,

Nwata,

to

make

little

cuts

in,

fool.

vaccinate.
n.

Ntungu,

2,

{sing, only), building

nwata,
geld,

v.t.

(Bako.),

to

castrate,

material.

Ntunguluzi,

2,

.,

substantial

evi-

-anwe,

a.,

hearing, attentive.
v.t.,
v.i.,

dence, something produced {or

able to be) which affords over-

Nwengena,

to compel, force.

Nwengwa,
to

to

be obliged, forced,
decomposing,
corruptible,

whelming evidence
the
truth

of

or brings matter very

have
a.,

to.

-anwodi,

rotting,

vividly before one.

becoming
perishing.
(in

corrupt,

Ntunta,

2, n.,

-antunta,
guns).

range of a weapon, a., of long range

Nwole,

ntuSU

('4),

adv., without stopping,

4, n., a couple, two {of persons or living creatures only). Nwondoko (4) a tulu {pi. 10), ., a

without a moment's delay. Ntuti, 4, n., a throng, crowd, a very

great number.

falling asleep.

Nwuku,

4, n.,

the healing.
4, n.,

Ntwala,

range of a weapon. kuna ntwala, adv., ahead. Ntwanga, 2, n., an unscrupulous rascal, one who would stick at nothing, a scoundrel, villain, one who can never be trusted. Ntwedi, I & 4, ., a breeder of stock. Ntwenia, 4, n., a very soft green corn, -antwenia, a., very soft & green (of
2, .,

Nwutuki, I Nya, inter].,

&

offspring.

a habit of continual disagreement to what is suggested

by another, crookednes of disposition yau ewole nya nkutu, they both disagree
;

they {lit. everything about both have the habit of "nya" or disagreeing with each other's
proposals).

corn).

Nyakami,

&

4, n.,

busybody.

90I

Nya-Nze

Nyaku,
in

4, .,

enterprise,

the aid rendered to an the choral answer

Nzala, continued.

nga

fia

kwenda,

there

was

antiphonal song.
i

Nyakuludi,

&

4,

.=ngyakii, App.

nyambi

(4),

adv.^ not in charge of

eagerness to go and at the same time fear. Nzala, 2, w., a being full.

any one, having no one left or appointed to the care of it. Nyanzi, i, ?/., a Muyansi hence^ a
;

Nzalala, 4, ?/., hurry, precipitancy. nzalala, adv., very quickly,

a very great hurry.

in

person from the Upper River, because all Upper River people are so called by the Kongos^ who
only

Nzambi,
e

&
,

2, n.

Nzambi kadi, would that please God that

Nzambi, belonging
to

to

God

know

this nearest

Upper

-a

God, not
;

River tribe. Nyatiku, 4* the beginning, commencement. Nyazi, i & 4, ., a ruler, governor. Nyenge-yenge, 4> , the habit of doing what one sees others do, so that one may be like them, and not singular or behind the times also the idea that one can do anything that he sees another do, presump;

of any use to us mortals

titi

ya Nzambi, mere

jungle

ma

kia Nzambi, a useless

thing.

Nzambu,
for

2,

.-f-the toll for passing

over a bridge, passage

money

a ferry or canoe trip, pay for a performance. Nzanda, 4, ., a small demijohn.

Nzangalavwa, pi. 2, n., the twigs small wood in a tree or bush.

Nzangi,
2, .,

&

a class of men, a class

tion

also wilfulness, the

to

de-

of society.

termination
likes.

do

what one

nzangi a tandu (6), a generation, those of an epoch or era.

-anyevi,

.,

stout.
4?
^-j

Nzangn,
a grumbling, mut-

2,

n.-^z. louder outburst of

Nyidimu,
Nyindu,
4,

song, forte (in music).

tering.
.,

Nzanza,
the power of thought,
to

2, w.,

an even number.
even (of numbers).

-anzanza,

.,

ability

think,

reasoning
intelligence,

Nzau,

2,

.,

a cluster of small white

{pi.
n.,

power,

intellect,

the mind.

Nzayi
the handle of a

mushrooms. (i) a mambu

7),

Nyini,

4,

n. (Bako.),

learned or well-informed man.

knife.

-anyututn,

a.,

(a

garment) reaching

to the feet.

Nzaza, 2, ., a sprinkling. Nzekani, 2, n., striving in dispute, wordy war, disputation, love of
dispute, strife.

-anyuyi, a., fiercely burning. Nza, 2, n.

dia e nza, to have all that heart could wish, to have all one's
desires fulfilled.

Nzengele,
fort,

2,

;z.,

the

sense of com-

content, satisfaction after

foolish fellow,

a good meal. Nzengelevwa, 4, n., a

foolish

Nzadilwa,

4,

.+a

railway sleeper.
(4), n.,

one who has done something

;

Nzakama

(2)

a ntoto

an earth-

also

lazy,

loafing,

quake.

slovenly fellow, a loafer.

Nzala, 2, n., hunger. zika ye nzala or vilwa e nzala, v., to be hungry, starve. nzala (2) a fiwonga, n., eagerness

Nzengenga,
of

2,

;z,,

utter regardlessness

the

value,
(of

importance
things),
;

or
prosee

sacredness
fanity,

utter

disrespect

&

yet fear

oku

nzala a flwo-

zengeneka, App.

NzE-Nzu
Nzengo,
2,

902

n.^

a sentence, judgment,
opinion, a price

Nzimbakani,
eluded

continued.
all

decision in a law court or in

one's

others,

and

from
the

own mind,

agreed upon, contract price. sia or zenga e nzengo, z/., to give

sentence.

which whole

all

have

sprung,

race.

nzimbakani a uwnntu,

the whole

Nzenza, 2, .+ Gentile. Nzenzo, 4, ., sweetness

-anzenzo, sweet.

human race. Nzimbu, 2, . + currency.

(as of sugar).

Nzinga, 4, ., an angle, corner. Nzinguluka, 2, ., the surroundings,

environment.

Nzeta,

2,

n.

(P. azeite

see zetona,

App.),

palm

oil.

muna nzinguluka
round about.
Nzitikila,
;

2^^

prep., around,

Nzia-zia,

4, .,

a path, track, road.

fianzie

-anzie, adj.

2,

.,

a betrothed (used
girl).
gift,

fianzie nga, very nearly

plate

only of the
Nzitikila,
2,
;z.,

nga elonga diwudikidi,

Nzieta,
Nziezie,
)

the

an engagement

was very nearly broken.

the dizziness of drunk&c.,
vertigo,

either of betrothal or the hire

4, .,

of labourers.

enness,
;

Nziu,

2,

n.,

excessive blackness, in-

whirl

also
in

ness

some great busihand or engagement

to

tensity of colour, in black, blue

(dark), very

which prevents attention

other matters
;

any

Nzo

(2)

ezulu,

n.,

deep purple. a tower.

talkativeness, gar-

business, affairs, occupation, engagement, pres-

Nzoko-zoko,

4, n.^
;

rulosity

or attention, willinga.,

sure of business, bewilderment.

ness to hear, receptivity.

kala yo nziezie or nzieta, z/., to be busy, have other affairs, be

engaged,
occupied,
busy,
;

-anzoko-zoko,

matu
(9)

be-

manzoko-zoko wa kwanzoko-zoko, ready ears

{pi.
8)

wildered, in a whirl

wingi ngina wau,

busy.

am

nziezie very

hstening,
ears.

attentive,

receptive

mpova

(2)

anzoko-zoko, or vova
talk,

Nzikudi,

one who is full grown or has completed his studies,

2, n.,

kwanzoko-zoko, endless
talkativeness.

apprenticeship, &c.

see zikula,

App.
Nzila,
Nzila,
4, .
2,

Nzola, Nzole,

2, .

+ wish,

desire.

4, .,

a couple, two (of persons

the beloved.

+a
,,

stripe, lash, weal.

;-f

or living creatures only).

nity,

a way chance.
7/.,

an opportufor,

Nzolwa, Nzombo,
e

I, .,

2,
(.?)

;/.,

a siluroid

fish,

mud
meafern.

sila e nzila,

make a way

give

fish

an opportunity, give a chance,

give scope.

nzongela

(2), adv.., retail

(dry

sure goods).

nzila a tadi

(12), n.^

a railroad.

Nzonzanga,
Nzonzi,
2, n.

2, .,

a lycopodium

Nzimba,

has ceased bearing or who has never borne a child, although long married used also of a man or animal in like condition, a castrated animal, a eunuch.
2,

n.,

woman who

(Bako.), a mediator in a

quarrel, an advocate.

Nzu, 2, n.., weight, heaviness. kala e nzu yo tulu, v.., to be heavy

with sleep.

Nzuka,
Nzula,

2, ., 4, n.

the

payment

at interest.

Nzimbakani,

2,

n.,

the parent stock,

bwa

common

stock, that

which

in-

e nzula, 7/., to kneel 3 times approaching the king.

in

903

Nzu-Pal

fzumbimbi,
ness

4, .,

the feeling of ner-

vousness, timidity

&

awkward-

in a strange house or under strange circumstances sec zumbalala, App. rzungu, 4, ;/.-fa being out of the
;

Padisa, v.t.^ to cause to kick or knock anything along. Padisa, v.t., to cause another to make a counter move or act in opposition see palana, App. Pakala, 6, ., something which flaps on the ground as a skirt or boots when one walks. Pakalala, 7/./., to be turned attentively
;

straight.

nzungu, -anzungu,

adv.^
a.^

curved,

bent,

as-

kew, out of the

consciousness of
is

straight.

(of the ears).

Nzuwa,

4,

.,

the

-apakalala,
ears).

/., great

protruding (of

need

of

something which
7/.,

lacking or missing.

Pakama,
Pakidika

t/.z.,

to

be

hemmed

up,

mona

want badly, miss very much, be in great need of, to be in great difficulties for want of.
to
2, n.,

nzuwa,

driven into a corner, cornered.

matu

(9), n., to

turn the
ear.

ears (as a horse), so as to hear

well, to turn

an attentive

Nzwenge,

wire.

Pakika,

v.t.,

to

hem

or drive into a
{pi. 9),
v.,

corner, to corner.

Pakumuna
to flap

matu

to

shake the head violently, so as

&

rattle the ears

head, as goats

^ dogs

on the

often do

Oku,

see

under
n.

k.

when anything
ordem), authority,

Olodi,

2,

(P.

gets into them, hence to refuse to pay attention

to what from the
is

power
olodi

to

command

kwina
Pala,

heard,

i.e.

eject

it

yo zitu ko, you have no power to command or respect.

ears.

v.t.,

to

knock or kick anything

along.

Onis,

2, .,

onyx.

Ovo, see under v. Owu, see under w. Ozevo se, adv.^ used with the present tense before the statement of so7nething which was just being

pala e kinsi (5), to kick. pala {with an object, food,

vomit.

Sr^c), to

Pala,

v.i.,

to grow, get, be,

become

thin, lean,

emaciated, to waste

(as in sickness).

ozevo se bedianga, they were just eating at the time ozevo se fuku, it was then night ozevo se twendi kweto, let us go then.
done, then, just
;
; ;

Palana,

v.i. recip., to

meet every ad-

vance, action, &c., of another

party with a like or counter move, to be always contrary & ready to oppose each other, to

palana yo,

be always at " loggerheads." to adopt the above attitude with ('any one).

Pa, 6, n., pattern, device, design. Padi-padi, 6, n. {generally pi\ two or more sticks fastened on each
side of a porter's load to stiffen
it.

Palanisa, v.t., to set people in the above attitude, to make a move oneself & so set some one else on the look out to do the like

nengandi opalanisanga aka

ngwa

audi ankazi, so & so always upsetting his uncle.

is

Pal-Sa
Palata,
2, n.

904

(P.

prata)+a

piece of

Pita-pita, pi.

6, n.,

a commotion, rush-

money. Pamba, 6, ., a short loin cloth having a fringe on its lower edge.
silver

ing about.

Pode

iJiterj. (P,

pobre), poor thing

-apoto,

a.

(Solongo), great, large, big.

6, n.,

Pamuka,

v.t.,

to

fly.

Pukidi-matu,

one who

is

deaf
fade,

Pangalakesa, v.f., to spoil, destroy or undo what has already been built, done, arranged, accomplished
;

to all arguments, &c.

Pukuka,

v.i.,

to

lose colour

become pale, see pemoka.

to nullify.

Pata,

v.t.,

to

be delighted (because of
acquisition),
to extinguish, put out.

Pukuta, v.i., to sigh, whistle (as the wind among the branches of
the trees), rustle (as the leaves).

some great
Patika,
e
v.t.,

Pukutiswa,

v.i,,

to rustle in the wind,

Pe, adv., no.

Pumuna,
adv., thoroughly, clearly,

2/./".=

pemona, App.

peka

(6),

Pupu,

6, n.

distinctly, with full

knowledge.

matu

{pi. 9)

mandi pupu ya wa,

no use, he
will

samuna

peka, v., to relate fully, thoroughly explain, tell all

e

his ears are of

about.

not hear {lit. his ears are flaps of skin only, & as such of no
service for hearing).
6, n., one who is deaf to all arguments, &c. Puta, v.t., to eat, take too or very

tala e peka,
tinctly.

v.,

to see clearly, dis-

Pupulu,
to rush

Pekomoka,

v.i.,

&

bluster (as

the wind), to blow, to rush by

rapidly, whirl along.

Pela,

v.t.,

seduce away the wife of another man to make him pay a debt or as a set-ofF against the debt this by consent also
to
;

much. Pututa, v.t., take much, abundantly, expend live in luxury, to lavishly, to eat or live most
luxuriously.

of

the woman's

friends

see

Pwa-meso,

6,

n.,

that which

is

plain
ex-

also -ampela, App.

&

evident before one, an

Pela (Bako.), T'.A^bimba, App. Pelezo, 2, n. (P. preso or prisao),

prison.

ample, instance, case in point, sample, pattern, typical specie

Pem'oka, or

v.L, to
far

go up, be wafted up
(into the

men. pwa-meso,
with

adv., clearly, distinctly,

away

sky or

(the

thing)

clearly

evi-

distance)

&

so disappear.

denced, face to face.

Pemona,
Perle,

v.t.,

to waft

up or far away.

2, n.,

pearl.

Pialuzioka, v.i., to be popping about everywhere, excited with pleasure.

S,
v.t.,

Piantula,
Pita,

to

devour,

eat

up
Sa,

greedily.
v.t., tie

aux.

v.,

implies that the actio7i

securely,

make

fast (by

will be do7ie some time or other,

tying).

sooner or later, to
presently
shall
;

...

soon or

Pitakesa, v.t., to put things to a wrong, unnatural use {use a chisel as a screwdriver), misuse,
abuse.

go

all

tusa kwenda, we in due course,

v.,

Sa

{pei'f. sidi),

aux.

found

in the

pres., perf.
1 v.i. -f

&^ past
which
it

teftses, it is

Pitakiana, Pitana,

to

be

in great

com-

only used in a negative state'

ment,
to

motion, movement.

adds some

905

Sa-Sam
e kiese (6) {or makasi (8), &c.), to be full of joy {or
the

Sa, continued.

Sakiswa
dejito.

measure of an emphasis or
niteness, to

v.,

take care not

anger, &c.).

The negative particles are always used, for sa does not convey in itself any negative idea {as is the case with lembwa) ke
;

Saku,

6, n.-\- after

ground-nut har-

vest the nuts are dried in the sun in a saku, i.e. an enclosure
in the

town which
from fowls

is

generally

Ibasa
tion

wo samunwina mimtu
to

lined with grass, to hide & pre-

ko, they took care not to menit

serve

it

&

animals.

any one.

There

is

no

idea of taking care in it, but that phrase conveniently ex-

Sakuba, 6, n., a stumbling-block, something which causes to

stumble.

presses the emphasis.

Sa,
v.t.

Sakula,

7/./.

-mo speak (of a

the
to

great chief
i.e.

(Bako.) = sia, a?td

is

much used
;

only), hence, to prophesy,

to

in the

same way as ta
)

eg. sa
of

ngozi, to snore. adv. + x\ot a Sal)i-sabi,

speak as God.

mouthpiece

of

bit

it,

Sakumuka,
see

v.i.,

be refreshed, &c.
to

I would not hear of Sabi-sabi tu, such a thing. Sadidila, v.i., to be left behind by

sakumuna, below. moyo (4, U-) sakumuka,

freshed in mind.

be
be

re-

mistake.

nitu

(2, i-)

sakumuka,

to

re-

make, do, work. nki osadikanga e? what are you making 1 S&dila, v.i., to be left empty.
Sadika,
v.t.,

to

freshed in body.

Sakumuna,

v.t.,

to revive, restore to

(wonted) vigour, to place under the most favourable, prosperous,

flourishing
bless
(as

Sfi.disa, v.t., to

leave or

make empty.

circumstances,

to to

Safire, 2, ., sapphire.

God

blesses, not

Safuka,

v.i.,

to

be

defiled, polluted,

foul,

unclean.
foul,

invoke a blessing). Salama, vd., to be made, done.

Safula, v.t., to defile, pollute, render unclean,

SS,ka,
v.t.,

to

make a

cut at (with a

Salamesa, vJ., to make, do. Salamesa, 6, fi., something, the name of which you do not wish to
mention.

large knife).

Saka,

v.i.,
still

to increase,

be or become
;

Salamiana,
Salangani,

vd.,

to

work quickly
one's property,
effects, things.

greater, too great

woall

briskly.
(

nga

usakidi, he was
still

the

6, ., all

more or
life.

more

afraid.

Salanganu,
Salazi,
2,

goods,

Sakala-sakala,
Sakesa,
6, .,

pi. 6, ., go, energy,

n. (P.

sarge) + red braid or

ribbon.

a plaything, something

Saluka

{^nid. v.

of sala,

vd.), to

be

that
with.

may be

played or
v., to

trifled

done, wrought.

Salumuka, ?7.z.=walumuka,

p. 459-

kitula e sakesa,
thing
of,

make a playwith
;

Sama {perf

to trifle

baki-

samini), vd., to be always ...ing, keep on ...ing, be con-

twidi
trifled

Ntotela e sakesa, they

stantly ...ing, with the negative,

name

with the king (taking his in vain, & using it lightly).

Sakidila, v.t.-\-\.o welcome gladly. Sakisa, v., to put, give, take, do too

more kisama monanga kwame aka mpasi za kondanga aka ko, I do not
not any
;

want

to

endure the hardships

much.

of hunting any more.

Sam-Sel
Samba,

906

v.t, to count sheets of mbadi or paper by holding fast one corner & turn up at one of the

Sanzana, continued.
widen, to be scattered
far

&

other corners.

something by n., mount. Sambuka, vA.^ to be happy, blessed, fortunate, to be the recipient of

Sambidilwa,
which

6,

wide or spread out in great numbers, be published abroad. Sanzanisa, v.t., to' spread abroad,
publish widely, declare abroad.

to

nsambu. Sambukila, v.L-\-\.o be transmitted

from one to another, to have
transmitted to one.

Sapalala, v.i., to be shaggy, hang ragged (of the hair). Sard, 2, n., sard. Sardonis, 2, n sardonyx, Sasa, 6, n., a coil (of ntaku wire).
,

Sambula,
first

v.t.,

to use a thing for the to bless, to utter, invoke

Sasuna, v.t., to explain, show the meaning of, make plain, define.
Sata,
v.i.,

time.
v.t.^

search, overhaul, look

for,

Sambula,

seek.

or pronounce a blessing, to salute with a blessing, hence,

the
salutation,

Satakana,

?/./.,

to

be

able

to

be

searched.

tusambwidi,
.,

we
Samo,

bless you.

Satulula,
a camel.
Sazi,
6,

ke -satakani, unsearchable. rummage, v.t., to search,

overhaul, examine.
n. (Bako.),

2 (Fr.

chameau),

Samuna, v.t., to uncork. Samuna, zaya vo or e kisamuna or VOVa or vo, as

thus, that.

a cluster of small

white mushrooms.

sia vo
follows,

Se
Se

(father), see ese, p.

;z.

Se, 6,
is

+the

cuts

27 & App. & facets on cut glass.

1

Samwina,
Sanda,

v.t.,

to tell to, say, declare

or report to, to bid, direct. v. (Zombo), to seek, search, look for, want, wish for, need
;

somelimes not translated; it still implies, however, the idea of a change in the state of things

nga nsanda, nga nsanda kiau

kimoni, search as
cannot find
it.

might

se ke yavTitukidi diaka kwa yandi ko, it did not return to him again. Seboka, v.i., to become pale, fade, lose
colour.

Sandulula,

v.t.,

examine,

make an

Seboka,
Sdbola,

v.i., v.t.,

to

be dug up root

&

all.

examination.

to dig

up root
gleam

&

all to-

Sangi, 12, n., unity (all intermixed). sangi, adv., all together, unitedly,
together.

gether.

Sekima,

v.i.,

to flash,

(as light-

ning).

-asangi,

a., joint.

Sekonde,
shameSela,
Selo,
v.t.,

2, n.,

second (meas. of time

(one's

Sangila,t/./'., to treat insolently,

fully,

or an
to

arc).
lift

without the least respect or feeling. Sanisa, v.t., to be always talking about (favourably), praise, com-

opponent

off the

ground
Seloka,
v.i.,

in wrestling).

6, ;?.-|- deacon.

to

come
(9),

into view, be re-

mend. Saniswa, v.i.,

vealed, appear,
to

be praised by

all,

in

seloka

dila

to begin crying.
;

every one's mouth (favourably). Sansa, 1/. A + educate.

Sanuka,
Sanzana,

v.,

to be very hot (of the sun,

Selomoka, v.i., to be invented, &c. see selomona below. Selomokena, v.t., to persist in, stick
to (a statement

&c.).
?/./.

or idea), to be-

+ to

spread out, expand,

come attached

to.

907

Sel-Sia
6, .,

elomona,

v.t^

to

invent,

discover,

Seswa, kala

a bare place, bareness,

find, find out, originate,

suggest

paleness.
e seswa, v., to be bare, pale.
;/.,

(a matter).

una,

reduce to some form or shape, to create, to form, mould, carve into shape, sculpture.
v./.,

to

Sezi, pi. 6,
-asezi,

dazzling brightness.

.,

bright

&

dazzling.

e sezi,

adv..,

dazzlingly bright.

sema
sema

o lufulu (lo), o

v.,

mark
t/.,

out the

lines of a foundation.

Sobola, v.t.., to adapt, alter so as to adapt.

luwumba
clay.

(lo),

to

work

Sokoka,

v.i.,

to

come

out (of someit

up

thing in which

was encased

Semba, 2/.=tumba (to blame, &c.). Semenena, v.i.^ to shine very brightly,
intensely,

Semona,

?/./.,

to discover, invent, origi-

or embedded), be stript of. Sokola, 7/./.-|-to take out of or strip off (something in which it is encased or embedded).
Sia, v.t.

nate.

Sendomona,
ally.

v.t.^

to

speak sarcastic-

sia e

diambu

(7),

v.,

to

speak

against.
to

Seneta,

v.i.^

struggle, strive, exer-

sia e ziku

(6), v.,

to

make
v..,

sure.

cise all one's force.

sia
sia

moko {pi
moyo
with.
(3),

9),

to lay

hands
en-

Senga,

2/./.,

to spy, scout.

on, catch hold

v..,

of.

Sengele,

6, n., an ivory horn giving the note of upper " do " in the

to

be
in,

much

grossed, interested
sia

taken up

Sengele,

chord to which they are set. 6, n.^ in the Doutrina Christa (1624) sengele = vicar. Sengele, 6, n. (Bako.), an axe.

oku ntima
mind.

(4),

v.,

to

bear

in

sia

wazi
false

wa nsi

a vuvu,

to raise

Sengola
up,

meso
lift

{pi.

7), v.t., to

look

up one's eyes.
vJ.-\-Xq reveal.
v.t..,

Sengomona, Sensemeka,

to

praise,

extol,

speak highly of. Sensemesa, z/./., causative of above. Senti- (Fr. centi-) a hundredth part of the standards of measurement
{e.g.

hopes \lit. to give one the (skin) complaint of hoping, i.e. to make one sick (fool) enough wazi wa unsidi to hope] nsi a vuvu kia futwa kwa yandi, he raised in me false hopes of being paid by him.
;

sia vo or
that
is,

sia
is

zaya vo,

cojij..,

senti-meta
of a metre).
.,
2,

centimetre

that

to say (that) also

= TUo
Sentime,
franc.

a centime, y^o of a

equivalent to the following zaya dia sia vo or\ dia sia vo, because of, were it not that

Senzama,

v.i.^

to

be

in full view, fully

(I)

must... (otherwise)
;

as

exposed, explained, expounded,

manifest.

though (he) would say

sia vo kala ke
that
I

dia

kwenda

nkwenda
,

Senze,

6,

.+ basket
for things
v.t..,

of

very open

wau ko

work
Senzeka,
it

to place
in

will

be

which need air. an object where full view, to expose

clear, manifest.

am going

otherwise

were it not or I must go,

ke sia ko

vo, not to say that.

to view, to thoroughly explain,

expound,
Seola,
v.t..,

make

sia vo, to the effect that, stating that, as herein set forth, as follows, that.

to cut off or out a piece of

flesh

or skin, as in circumcision

sia ele vo, even

ele

or some operation.

if, though sia vo okumponda kikwenda

;

SlA-SiN
Sia, continued.

(908

Silinda,
ko, even
kill
if
I

2, .,

cylinder.

kwame
Siamanana,

you would
not go.
hard, en-

Silu, pi. 6, ., weight that renders a

otherwise

me

will

thing firm
siveness.

&

immovable, masfor-

v.i.,

to strive to

deavour earnestly,
firm, secure,

be strong,

Simakana,

v.i.,

to

be able to be

Siamikina, ) v.t., to make thoroughly Siamitina, \ firm, fast, secure. Siamina, 7'./., bear, endure, sustain. Siba-venda, interj.., may the curse be averted God forbid oh dear, no not a bit of it no indeed.
;
;

bidden, be persuadable not to (do something) kesimakana;

nga
him.

ko, there

is

no prohibiting

Sibil, 6,

n..,

the curse invoked, not

invocation, but

an what the invocai.e.

Simba, v. ke mu simba edi dia vova ko, not to prevent you from making a or the remark, a polite form
used in interrupting a speaker or
in begging for the further indul-

tion should cattse,

condition.

the cursed

Sidika, Siena,

v.t..,

to set firmly,

fix,

establish,

make
v.

very secure, found.

(Zombo), to get out of the way.

gence of the audience or reader; thus, I beg you to excuse my venturing to interrupt you, but or I beg you to allow

me

to

remark
v.t.,

further.

Let

me

Sika kindokela (5) (Bako.) or e kinsansa (5), ?/., to snap the finger & thumb. Sikada, 2, n. (P. escada), a ladder,
steps, staircase.

give you another case.

Simbinina,

to

keep or maintain

well in

good condition.
to hesitate,

Simpama, v.i. ntima (4, u-) simpama,

vacillate, to
feel

Sikalala,

7/.z.

+ be set,

placed

(in

a po-

an inclination
but
still

sition), stand,

be stood,

to

do something

to

Sikana

(yo), v., to appoint (with), to

hesitate.

fix, name. kia Konzo tusikanini yandi, we fixed Konzo with him as the

Simpika, v,t., to cause the above. Sinda muna ntima (4), v., to
ter

en-

day.

Sikidika,
(in

v.t.

-f to

set,

stand, place

deeply into the heart, be thoroughly comprehended, taken in.

a position).
to behave,

Sikila,

7/.,

conduct oneself.

Sikinisa (yo) (Bako.), 7/./.=sikana,

Sindakesa, 7'.^.=twalakesa, App. Sindama, v.i., to be heavy, difficult, reluctant to move, drag heavily,
require a great deal of pulling. Sindanisa, T/./.^^twalakesa, App. Sindika, v.t., to render heavy, &c. see sindama, App. Sindikila, v.t., to worry, urge unpleasantly.

App.
Sikula,
T/.z.,

to hiccup.

Sikwa,

6, n.,

&c.) which
Sila, 6,

something (instrument, is played (sikwa),

musical instrument, &c. ?z., ebony.

(2),
7/.,

Sila e nzila

to stand aside

or

Sinduka,
to

make way or

clear the road (to

allow some one to pass); to allow to pass, give a way to, give an
opportunity.

v.i., reversive of sindama, have the weight & difficulty removed so as to be easily drawn or moved, become less

heavy.
fixed, firm,

Silama,

v.i.,

to

be

founded,

Sindula,

v.t.,

reversive of sindika,

set firmly, established,

be

made

to render light, ready,

no

lon-

very secure.

ger reluctant to move.

909

Sin-Son

Singa,

?/./., to die slowly & without apparent cause (as of those who die of old age or blighted

Sombola, continued, sombola appears

plants).

in the " Doutrina Christa" (i624)=resgatar, to ransom, redeem,

Singa, aux.

V.

+ this auxiliary
by
the
all in

is

best

sombola
child

mwana
after

(i),

to obtain a

represented

due course." Singalakana, ?/./., to be opposite. Singamena kumosi, v., to be parallel. Singanana, v.i., to be straight.
Singinika,
Sinita,
z/.z.,

" Will

phrase,

requesting

God or
at

one of the Romish images

San Salvador, to give one. sombola e nzila, 2, to obtain

per-

v.t.,

to

straighten,

make

mission to use a road, obtain a right of way.

straight.

Someka,

v.t.,

to

stick

(something)
&c.,

to

Siuka,

v.i.y

be tough, leathery. to sink, utterly be swalto

upon a

stick,

spike,

by

lowed up,
Siololoka,
v.i.,

thrusting the stick into the substance of the bulkier object,

stick in.

be very

full

of

fat.

Sipanzi,
Sisa,

2, n.

(Eng.), sponge.

Somoka
an
^

{perf.

somokene),
to

v.i.,

to

be

7/./.,

to

Sisa,

6,

n.,

be frightened. warning, example, scare-

transformed,
insect

transmigrate

changing from the

;

crow.
Sisisa,
7/./.,

to threaten, to frighten.

Siwa,

6, n.,

that

which

is set,

arranged,

larval to the perfect state is said to somoka a man as he dies is said to somoka.

appointed, ordained, an ordinance.

Soba-soba,
ance).

6,

n.,

moon or any change

a change (of the of appear-

Somona, 7/./. + to transform {see above). Sompa, v.t.-\-\.Q hire (things). Sompeka, z/./.-f to rent, let out. Sompoka, v.i., to be or get married
{used only of women).

Soloka ye (&c.), z/./.-l-tobe discovered having or with nengandi

;

Sonamena,
fated.

v.t.,

to

be appointed

to,

be

wasoloka ye mbele ame,

and-so
Solola,
v.t.

so-

Sonekena,
&c.).

v.t.-\-\.o

appoint to (a duty,

was discovered having

{or with)

my

knife.

Songa,

v.-\-io

be

right, proper, expedi-

+ to

find,

judge, give judg-

ent, befitting.

ment, decide (a case), come to a conclusion (in reference to a

matter).

Songesela, v.t., to show how, set an example.

Songokwa,
to
start,

v., to

be

in travail with.

Solomona,

v.t.,

originate,

Songola,
up.

-z/./.-f-

to bring to a point,

sum

suggest (a matter), invent, discover, find, find out.

Sombe, 6, n., loneliness. -asombe, a., lonely, solitary, desolate, lone, remote from any
other
only)
;

(used in

ref.
i

to places

vasombe

twina, we

are in a desolate place.

Songola, v.t., take pains (in work). Songololo, 6, n., care, worry, anxiety. Sono, 6, .-|- scripture. Sonsa, v.t., to straighten the sides of a pit or hole. Sonsozioka, v.i., to be constantly leaving one's work, much distracted.

Sombola,

v.t. (P. .?), to borrow from a stock which has been dedicated to a fetish or from the joint capital of a partnership, to be

surely repaid.

Sonsoka, v.i., to be pointed. Sonsoka, v.t., to leave one's work. Sonsoka, v.i., to be picked out, of grass awns.

; ;

Son-Sun
Sonsola, v.i.^ to move, stir, make any or the least movement. Sonsola, v.t., to cause distraction, cause one to leave one's work.

910

Sumba,

v.t.

(Bako.)-l-to hire (carriers

only).

Sumbkte (=sumba

ate=P.

ate,

until), adv.-\-\xxi\JA.

Sonsona, Sonsona,
Sote,
6,

v.t.,

to cut a point to any-

thing.
v.t.^

Sumbu, 6, n. (Bako.), danger, peril. Sumbuka, v.i. (Bako.), to be in danger, peril.

to pick the

awns of grass

out of one's clothes.

a large frog. Stere, 2, /?., a stere or cubic metre. Su, 6, ., a piece of cloth of more than the ordinary length, a double piece, i.e. a piece of 12 fathoms
/?.,

Sumbuka, Sumbuka,
Sumika, Sumina,

6, ;?.-f a stile.

v.,

to

pass over (an ob-

stacle) or across (a space).

v.t.
v.t.,

= someka,

App.

to call out for, call to (a

duty, &c.).

any other length the measure is mentioned; su kia

if

of

Sumpa, v.t., to run, baste, in Sumuka, v.t., to sin against.

sewing.

mavwata
fathoms.

30, a

piece

of 30

Sumukwa,

Sud,
Sudi,

2, n.

(Fr. sud), south.

shed ( = sa'ba). Sudika, v.t.., to cause a strong determination to do something bad see sula, &c., App. Suka, v., to end. ke -suki, a. {imnatural negative),
6, ., hut, shelter,

v., to be strongly disliked on account of a wrong or sin one has committed, to have (some one) angry with us, be in bad odour with, to have made ourselves offensive by our evil

actions.

Sumuna,

v.t.,

to pull out
in).

(something

endless,

eternal,

everlasting

which has stuck Sunanana, v.i., to be

fied.

satiated, satis-

moyo ke
eternal
life.

usuki,

endless

or

Sunda,
v., to stab.
(3),

v.t.-\-\o

overreach, get an ad-

Suka e mbele (2), Sukwa...o moyo

bored.

vantage over.

v.,

to

grow

Sundakesa,
thing)

v.t.,

to

mention (some-

weary, tired of something, to be

unintentionally, to " let

the cat out of the bag," to dis-

Sula,

v.t.,

to do, but it is

always

to be
is

close (something) inadvertently.

understood that the action evil, <&-' will involve trouble. Sulama, v., to be most determined

Sundidila,

v.t.,

to

surpass
get

ex-

ceedingly,
(to

overreach,

an

do something which

is

bad).

advantage over. Sunga, T/./.+to wash

dead.

&

lay out the

Sulamwa, v,i., to have evil determined against one. Suma, v.t., to talk about, speak of,
tell off (to

Sunga-sunga,

mention, name, allude to to a duty, &c.), call out

;

(for

Sumama,

a certain service, &c.). talked about, v.i., to be

;

concern, 6, n., care, anxious thought (as of a mother over an absent child). sia e sunga-sunga, v., to think of with anxious concern.
v.i.,

Sungama,

to persevere, be ear-

mentioned, named, alluded to to be told off (to a duty, &c.), be called out (for a certain
service, &c.).

nest, zealous.

Sungamena,
Sungi,
6, n.,

Sumama,

v.i.,

to

stick

into,

pierce,

penetrate

(into).

Sumamwaj-z^., to be pierced by or with.

-\-X.o bear in mind. a season, period, a time. If the season is specified, nsungi is used ; nsungi a nsaIwa, harvest time konso nti muua sungi kiandi, every tree

v.i

(9"
Sungnl, continued.

Sun-Tam
6, .-f-great fear, apprehension which causes a feeling as though one were stifled & one's could scarcely draw

Swengenia,
;

sungi twekala kuna Ekongo, the time when we were living in Kongo.
in
its

season

Sungididi,

6,

+ perseverance,

dih-

breath.

gence, earnestness, zeal, intent-

Iness
jBia
'

in

any pursuit.

e sungididi, v.^ to be diligent, earnest, in earnest, zealous.

Swengeti, 6, anxiety. Sweta, v.t., to sniff, snuff. Swi-swi, 6, . --^sungididi, App.

0ia e sungididi

muna

salu <?rsia

e salu e sungididi, to be diligent, zealous in work.

Sungika,

v.t.

(Bako.), to straighten,

make

straight.

Sungu, 6, n., violent death, nzongo a sungu, a gun

challenge.

Ta,
fired as

T/./.-fto

pick out, select, choose

specially note or indicate.

-asungu,.+ hellish, leading

infamous, cursed.

to hell,

Ta, V. (Bako.), to say, tell. Ta, 6, n. [pi. bita(Bako.)], a branch. Tadidila, v.t., to observe carefully,
look well
at.

nzimbu zasungu,
hell.

.,

money

(ill

gotten) that would drag one to

Tadikila,
for,

v.t.,

to look, look at, look

after,

look
at.

watch, observe,

Sungubadi,

6,

.,

a persecutor, one

gaze

who

worries or persistently an-

Taka,

v.t.,

to arrange.
v.i.,

noys.

Takama

(muna),

to be prevented

Sungula, v., to rebuke. Suninika, v.t., to satiate, satisfy. Sunsa, 6, ;z. + a range, the distance to which one can propel a missile
with the arm.

(by something), to be at a standstill

(because

of).

uma

(i2, -U-)

takama, the business

Takanisa,

Sunsumina, z/.z., to appear for a few moments or a short time only,

to

unable to proceed. v.t., to arrange together with due attention to height, size or quahty, all of one kind
is

be evanescent.
v.t.,

together.

Sunsumisa,

to cause to appear,

Takula,

v.t.,

to induce a

man
to

to leave

as above.

his
to flinch.

chief

& town

become

Sunsumuka,
Sunuka,
Susa,
?7.

v.i.,

one's

own
to

follower, to act trea-

+ to
v.i.,

slip

away, escape.

cherously.

T/.z.,

to shrink from, hesitate to.

6, .,

Takula,

v.t.,

nudge any one unob-

Susubwila,

Swandana,

a very small fowl. to be one longer than

served, to call his attention,

the other, irregular in length or

height.

Tala, v.+io expect, also to be contrary, of the wind e tembwa

;

Swanga,

v.t.,

to

throw or hurl

far

kitadidi, the wind was contrary to them.

kwa yau
2,

away.

Talanta,
v.t.,

n.,

talent

{biblical

Swatakesa,

to

do

rashly, without

weight).
v.i., to walk along catching hold of everything one passes, like a monkey or baby. Tambidila, v., to tempt see nkanu,

thought.

Tambala,

Swatumuna,
-asweki,
a.,

v.t.,

to

make or render

oval, oblong,

hidden, concealed.
to sniff, snuff.

Swena,

v.t.,

p. 380.

Tam-Tek
Tambika
.&c.

912

kinganga

(5),

v.,

to in-

Tapututa,
tell

v.,

go into

all

the details,

struct in

the art of doctoring,

to

minutely.
v.t.,

Tatidila,
v.,

to stick to

(a

thing),

Tambulula,
task),

take turns

(in

adhere

to, retain.., in

possession;
earnestly

to

answer back

in anti-

follow after

eagerly,

phonal song.

endeavour
soft,

to acquire.

Tampula,

v.t, to

remove

sticky

Tatila, v

t.-\-\.o

make

a practice

of,

do

stuff.

constantly.
to

Tampwa,
of

v.i.^

be of the consistence

Tatu,

stiff

paste, in a soft, sticky

condition.

6, n., woe, anguish, that which causes one to cry out (tata). Tavula, v.t., to arrange with interven-

Tanda, 6 (Mbundu, kitanda),

daily

n.^

market place.

allow

ing spaces, to put further apart, more room between.

Tandu,

6,

?i.

Te
tandu, adv.,
for

interj.,
v.i.,

bang

yamu tandu ke ever & ever.

e

Teka,

to begin to spring

up

(as

the

first

seedlings of a sowing),

tandu
day

wonso, adv., some tandu mvu wonso vutuka kevutuka, some day
;

mvu
e

he7ice the v.

Teka,

v.i.,

he will return. Tandula, v.t., to disentangle (something caught or in a

fix).

Teka

aux. teka. come out as sunshine after dulness, shine forth. nkanu (4), v., to pretend that
to shine,

various actions are taboo,

extort

&

to

money

for the

violation

Tanginina,
Tanginina,
Tanginini,

v.t.,

to
like.

imitate,

copy,

of the taboo law.

make or do
6, n.,

Teka

ngangu
mafcu
e

(2),

v.i.,

to

act

a copy (produced),

craftily

or deceitfully, cheat.
(9), to

imitation.
6,

Teka
n.,

give

full

atten-

the habit of imi-

tion, to listen

very carefully.
(2),
v.,

tating or copying others.

Tekana
be

ngangu

to

cheat

Tangininwa,

6,

n.,

a thing to
one's

each other.

copied or imitated.

Tanguka,
town

v.i.,

to

leave

own

Teke, 6, yela
a

n.

nkisi
fit.

(4)

a teke,

v.,

to be

&

go to

live in another,

subject to epileptic

fits,

to

have
act

emigrate.

Tangumuna,

v.t.,

to read over, to read

list,

Tekela e ngangu
craftily

(2),

v.t.,

to

out from a

call

over,

re-

tail,

hearse or give the details, demention or refer to item by

v.i.,

item.

be imitated or copied, taken as a copy. Tantama, v., to long for, intensely or

Tangunuka,

to

or deceitfully towards, to defraud or try to cheat. Tekelela, v., to do, be, &c., first, long previously or before e diambu diadi diatekelela ka;

nwa, this was foredetermined. Tekesa matu, v., to be troublesome

to listen to.

earnestly desire.

Tantwa

mpasi

(2), v.,

to

be

tired,

grow weary (of a thing), be bored; ke nutantwa mpasi za sinsa ko, do not grow weary
of trying.

Tantilwa
-atantu,

mpasi

(2), v., to

sympa-

thise with.
a., hostile,

branch a second time, branch from a branch, to have a grandchild born, to be a grandparent. Tekomoka, ^'.z.+to go over to the other side or party. Tekwa, 6, n., something with which to
Tekola,
v., to
i.e.

to put out a

adverse.

draw

water.

913

Tel-Tew

'elama,

v.i.^

to

be proclaimed.

Telama, v.t.-\-\.o rebel against. telama vana, v., get up or rise from
(a seat,
>S:c.).

Tenda, continued. tenda e nzila (2), 7/., to make a mark on the ground to how which

Telamiana, v.t., get up quickly. Telamiana, 9, w., vigour, energy, ability

to

way the caravan has passed (to guide stragglers). Tendana, v.i.^ to be scattered, driven
in all directions.

vimpi
e tele

move briskly. (12) yo telamiana,

(6),

health

&

Tendangana

")

v.i.^

to scatter, spread

vigour.

adv.^ tightly, firmly, se-

Tendangiana, J Tendanisa, v.t.^

Tendela,
v.t.^

in all directions.

to scatter, drive in all

curely.

directions.

Teleka,

z'./.4-to

appoint to (an

office),

proclaim,

make an
;

official

or

public announcement,

declare,

by linear or measurement. Tendoka, v.i,-\-\.o shine, be bright,

to sell retail

superficial

preach, herald

dianu bante-

dawn

(of the daylight)

kuma

lekele e kimfumu, that is they appointed him chief.

why
;

Tema,

v.i., to shed, cast a light tiya tutemene vana tukedi, the fire shed a light where we

ke kwatendokele ko, the day had not dawned. Tengola, 7/./., to give up, abandon as
of no further use ; to dismiss,
release,
let

go, set

free,

give

were.

freedom
appear suddenly or una very bad person, a
also

Tema, Tdma,

v.i.^

to

one not further needed, have no more dealings,

to

observed.
6, n.^

friendship, &c., with.

scoundrel, scamp, rascal, wretch,

Tenso, 6, Tensola,

n.^

tier, step, layer.

v.t.^

to take off the outer cas-

brute

something great
used
;

&

ing, coverings, the

upper part

terrible, awful, horrible to con-

of a

pile,
i.e.

all

one's outer gar-

template
that

(only

of

that

ments,

everything tensama,
morsel,
little

which is bad) tema kia nsongo, unspeakable agony. Tembela, z^.-i-to be in a great state of commotion, disturbed, agitated
(of a

see p. 428.

Tente,
Teta,

6, .,

bit,

piece.

7/./.,

to cut

up a carcase.

number

of people

or a

whole town).

Tembo,

6, .

(Bako.), a strong wind,

to enlighten, impart light

teta e nzila (2), v., to break, force, make a way (through, muna). apTete, 6, n., a turn (in rotation) pointed time.
;

breeze, storm, squall.

Tetela,

v.t.,

to cut the
tree, to

makeke

off a

Temona, v.t.,
to.

Temonwena,
aware,

v.t.^

to

inform,

make
to.

prepare it for tapping, leaving only the newest fronds to deflower (a virgin).
;

palm

make known,
v.,

put up

Tetomona,

v.t.,

to

give

detailed

Temoziana,

to inform each other,

account, detail at length.

make each
Tempa,
v.t.,

other aware.

tetomona
Teva,
7/./.,
V..,

mvila

(2), v.,

explain a

to blurt out,

speak with-

genealogy, give a pedigree.

to beat severely. to

out care

&

propriety.

Tenda, v.t., to cut. tenda e nsi (2), 7/., to mark a cross on the ground in doing homage. tenda ntima (4), v.^ to be perfectly frank, to keep nothing
back, be sincere.

Tewa,

be picked out, selected,

chosen, specially noted or indicated.

Tewa

inter].,

bang
v., to

sia e tewa,
fire (a

make a

bang, to

gun).

3N

Tez-Tom
Tezanisa,
v.t.,
;

914

to

liken (to)

to

Tiakidika,

v.t,^

to

compare (with), compare together. hold out away from

Tiki-tiki, continued.

sala ye tiki-tiki, v., to have such a desire, to long to.

the body (as a fowl her wings on a very hot day) or a cloth

Tikumuka,

t/.z.,

to

be thrown or

fly

worn
arms.

loosely

&

held out or the

otherwise than was intended, to miss the mark (of the object), to

swerve

&

turn aside.

Tiakidila, v.t, to treat insolently, shamefully, without the least

respect or feeling, either by per-

Tikumuna,
Tinina,
v.t.,

v.t., to

throw

&

miss.
for,

to run to {not

from),

with, &c.

sonal violence or insolence.

Tintama,
re-

v.i.

Tiala,

^'./.,

to cease to

have any

ntima
to

(4,

gard for some one, to jilt, to speak insolently about. Tialumuna, v.t.^ to talk on endlessly,
expatiate.

vacillate, to feel

tintama, to hesitate, an inclination do something but still to

u-)

hesitate.

Tintila,

Tialumuna, 7/./., to spirt, squirt. Tiama, z/./'.-f-to strike a heavy blow. Tiamuka muna nlungu (4) or nzaza
(2), 7/., to be wrecked ntiamuka tatu yatiamuka muna nzaza, three times was I shipwrecked. Tiangalakesa, 27./.=tiakalakesa, p.
;

v.i., to be proudly reserved, keep proudly to one's self, avoid

contact with others, to scrupulously avoid anything dirty.

Tionga,

v.i.,

to lose

all

power

to ex-

press one's self or to do anything, be done, lose all energy

429.

Titila,
")^./'.,to

Tianguna,

speak
u-

(from heat, sickness, &c.). v.i., to shake, shudder, shiver. Tiukwa ntima (4), ^., to be pained
in

Tianguna

diambu (7),
to

scornfully,
;

the heart, grieved, troubled,

insolently,

blaspheme

upset.

ntiangwini or untiangwini

Tiuna=timvuna,
Tividika,
^. A
v.t.,

p. 429.

mamhu, he

spoke scornfully to

= tibidika,
give

App.
worry,

me. Tianta, v.i.^ to sound (of a trumpet). Tiantisa, v.t.^ to sound a trumpet. Tibalala, 2/./., to be inflated, blown out, distended {with liquid). Tibidika, 7/./., to inflate, blow out, distend {with liquid). Tibingi, 6, ., obstinate heedlessness
to advice

Tokeka,
Toko,

trouble,

annoy.
6, .,

youth, youthfulness.

nkaza

(i)

a toko, the a toko, the

first

wife a

man

marries.
(i)
first

mwana

child

born to a man.

Tokomoka,
Tola,
v.t.

^.z.,

to flourish of plants,

&

warning.

trees, &^c.

Tie-tie, 6,

,, the cracking of twigs caused by an animal in the

(Bako.),to mention, say, talk.

to give

Toma,

v.t.,

another wife in

" bush."

the place
6, .,

of one

dead rather

Tietiekele, pi.
Tifu,
2,
71.

a clanging sound.

(P.

chefia?),

a dignified

bearing.

than return the nkama a longo with its accrued interest (usury). Tombana, v.i., to flourish, be in excellent condition.

Tifuka

{perf.

-ini), v.

{fr. above), to

maintain a dignified bearing.

Tika,7A/., to
sift.

Tombana,
Tombokelo,

v.i.,

to

emit a delightful
a ladder, a

odour.
\6,
.,

Tiki-tiki,
to

6, .,

a great desire, longing

means

do something which one cannot or must not do.

Tombokelwa,/
steps.

of ascent, staircase,

(915
Tomboloka,
leaves).
v.i.,

Tom-Tow
v.t.,

to

spring

up
(as

(as

Tongonona,
foster.

to

bring up,

rear,

seedlings,

come out

new
wife

6 tonia

(6), ad7j.

Tomesa, Tomesa,

v.t.,

to

demand another
;

as above
7/./.

+ to
a.^

proper, to

toma. do what do well.

see

is

right

&
in.

tala e tonia, ?/., to gaze fixedly. Tontolo, 6, ., a weak person, one without strength.
-atontolo, a., weak. Topaze, 2, n., topaz. Tota, v.i., to ache (of the head only). Tota, v.t. {mid. V. totoka), to search for (a road or track). Tota, v.t., to ascend, climb, go up. Tota, v.t. (mid. V. totama), to add,

Tomona,

7'./.

+ to take the initiative

without
salt,

-atompodia,

TomvijjzJ/. 10, n. (Bako.), the brain.

Tona,

v.t.^

to

recognise,

remember,
perceive
(a

recollect,

know,
v.i.^

matter), understand.

Tonama muna,
to.

to

be appointed
of,

put together.

Totama,

v.i.,

to accord, harmonise,

be
to-

Tonda,

7/.A

+ to

approve
fit

with, consider
like,

be satisfied or sufficient,

alike.

Totama,
Toteka,

v.i;,

to

be added or put

esteem,

be pleased with,

gether.
v.t.,

admire, express approval; hence^ to express gratitude, thanks, to

love gratefully, so that although

with,

to make a beginning commence at, start on.

tanda &^ tonda Jigure in other Bantu languages for to love, its primary idea in Kongo lies
in

Toteka, Toteka,

v.i.,

to run.
to

a sense of satisfaction &^ only

complacent or
{?) love.

tdtimately in a

match, to fit together, accord or alike, harmonise, to give an equivalent fofr, to compound by mutual exchange.
v.t.^

make

to

grateful

toteka
cross

longo

(10), v., to

arrange a
is

Toneka,

v.t.^
;

to

appoint to a duty,

marriage,

so that for a

nga

tuntonekene kasumbalekwa ya evula, we appointed him to the duty of

&c.

woman
back.

given another

given

buying the things for the station. Tonekena, v.t, to take note of, mark
(mentally), to exercise discern-

ment, judgment.

Tonekena, 9, ;/., discernment. Tonena, 7.'./.=Tona, App.

-atonga,
.,

Totoka, v.i., to be commenced, also be well pushed (of a concern), be well under weigh. Totoka, v.i., to be searched for (of a road or track). Totola, 7/., to clap the hands before beginning to speak.
Totola, Totola,

stout.

Tongamena,
Tongeneka,

v.L, to sit
v.t.,

to

up late. have a

spite

against, to bear... malice.

say {a woman's word). do or accomplish much, make a good show, have plenty to show for it, push on well
v., to v., to

Tongolola, v.t, to be curious about, inquisitive about, pry into

with.

Totolola,

v.t.,

to collect, get together.

(4),
v--,

Tongomoka,
face, to

v.i ,

to rise to the sur-

Tovola

nkanda

to

tan

come up again. Tongonokakana, v.i. to be able

,

leather.
to

be

Towa,

traced out.
I

6, n., a small mess of clay mixed with palm wine, &c., for

Tongonona,

i^m

v.t., to trace to its source, ^^^^^ "^ (^ matter), to investi-

the

purposes

of

anointing.

Towa made
great hunter

at the grave of a

may be smeared

Tow-TUM
Towa,
continued.

(916)
Tukumuka,
to confer
v.i.,

to be wearisome, to

on
Toza,
v.t.^

all

comers

hunting

lose its interest.

skill.

Tukumukwa,
thing)

v., to

be tired of (some(it)

commence, lay the foundation stone or mark out a

to begin,
site

and give
in,

up, to lose
(a

one's interest
thing).

be sick of

or hole.

Tu,

ad-iK

{causing an accent to fall on

Tukuna,

v.-\-to

make

soft

by rubbing,

the last syllable of the previous

be hmp, to cause to wither.

word,

see p. 433) +even, too oyeto tu tukwenda, even we

;

Tuku-tuku, 6, n. sia e tuku-tuku,

fixedly.

v.,

to gaze, look

are going.

kansi tu,
Tua,
v.i.,

conj.,

but (regretfully or
sharp,
acid,
salt,

indignantly).
to

be

biting, sweet,

ing

to

peppery {accordthe nature of the condito season {of the condi-

Tulalala, v.i., to be put in plenty. tulalala ye, to have plenty put down to or on one. Tulama, t/.z. + to be set up, put together, constructed (of many
parts or materials).

ment).

tua muna,
ment).

Tulumenta, 2, n. (Bako.) mbeta, page 434.

Tuluza,
v.t.,

tulu-

Tudidika, v.t., to put a lot. Tudika, -z/./.+set up, put together,

reconstruct (of
materials).

to

drag about.

to

many

parts or

Tufakana, T/.z.,
up,
to

to be crushed

smashed
utterly

be
to

conquered,

routed.

Tufakesa,

v.t.,

smash, crush up,

to conquer, utterly rout.

Tufuka

{perf -ini), v., to be crushed, squashed & make a mess. Tufuna, -z/./., to squash or crush &

to beat & drag about an inhuman manner. Tuma, v.t., to send alone (twika, to send in any one's charge) also to order, give an order or instructions to go, not a simple order; untumini vo kenda, he ordered him to go. Tumbama (vana), v. mid., to be or

bunda tuluza,
in

get set or placed (before).

kwanga
Tumbika,

{pi. 6)

yatumbama, n., the

make a mess. Tuka kuna tuka (9),

very
first

shew-bread.
adv.,

from the

v.t.,

to place, set, put (be-

or beginning.
from,

fore others).

tuka

V2iXL2i.,prep.,

commencing

Tumbikila,
set

v.t.,

to set or place before

from.

bantumbikidi
food before me.
v.-\-\.o

madia, they

Tukama,

be in a fix as to how to arrange something. Tukika (e diambu), v.t., to be in too great a haste and so fail, to be at a loss for a reply.
v., to

Tumbu,
sia e
to

6, ;z.+ fault, flaw.

tumbu,
6, n.,

find fault with,

speak against.
thick jungle
left

Tumbu,

by the
dis-

Tukika,

v.t.,

to place, stand the point

fires

affording shelter to game.

v.t.,

(against),

touch or poke with

Tumbula,

to

do

clearly,

the end of something (long).

tinctly,

make

plain, plainly.
(4),

Tukilwa,
of.

v.,

to

be the starting-point
adv., at
first,

tumbula
plainly.

nsamu
soneka

^m

to

tell

oku kutukilu,
while.

for

tumbula
tumbula
z/.-fto

(9), v.,

to write

distinctly.

Tukuka,
be

v.i.-\-to fade, wilter,

soft,

wither

vova (9) or e ndinga (2),

speak
distinctly, clearly.

limp.

(917)

TUM-TUN
v.t.,

mbnia,

t/./.+to breathe softly (as

Tundidika,
nent.

to exalt,

make promi-

one sleeping). mbulula, v.t.^ to bring up to the surface, bring up from the dead. Tumbulwila, v.t., to make aware of, warn, point out an evil ^/-danger. tnmpa, v.t to rush about in all direc^

Tunduka, Tunduka,

v.i.,

become greater

&

greater (in wealth

vi.,

&

dignity).

(as grass, &c.)

move up & down because of some animal making its way under
to
it.

tions.

tumpa-tumpa,
active,

v.i.

to

be very

very energetic, to rush

to thrust in

Tundula, Tundula,

v.t.,

to

lift

up

{as above).

v.i.,

to

breathe softly (as

about.

one sleeping).

Tumpa,

something by force or something not intended to enter.

7/./.,

Tungama,

?'./. + to have nothing to say for oneself, to be left without a reply, to look blank, be

Tumpalala,

v.i.,

to

become

stupid,

in

fix.

foolish, ridiculous, absurd, lose

Tungianu,

12, n.,

aimless wandering,

one's wits.

straying.
to sit

Tumpama,
down

v.i..,

down,
first

to

fall

in

a sitting posture, so
reach the
in

Tangika, v.t.-\-\.o leave one without a word to say for oneself, put
to silence,
reply.

that the buttocks

to leave

without a

ground.

Tnmpana,
all

v.i..,

to

be tossed about
to

tungununu
tala
e

(6),

adv.
v.,

directions, agitated.
v.t.,
;

tungununu,
v.i.,

to

gaze

Tuinpidika,

render

stupid,

fixedly at, fix the eyes on.

ridiculous

take away one's wit's

Tuntana,

to

be annoyed, worried,

&
Tmia,

ideas.
to

troubled.

within

be moderate, keep well bounds, be temperate, be under proper control.

v.i.,

Tuntanisa,
tease.

v.t.,

annoy, worry, trouble,

Tuntuka,

v.i.,

to increase,

be further
be bigger

Tuna

(Bako.),

v.t.,

to despise, scorn.

Tnndalala,

v.i.,

to stand

or be high
mistake,

advanced. tuntuka e ntela

in size.

(2), v.,

to

up, be prominent,

be exalted.

Tundangana,

v.i.,

to

make a

to forget one's errand, business

nkisi (4), v., to have tuntuka come under the (benignant) influence of a charm.

or intention for a moment & make a mistake kuviki landa

;

tuntuka
able to
350-

moko

{pi. 9), v., to

be
p.

diambu ko yavana kilunga

etatu
;

divine

moko

see

kosi,
;

susi

kole, tu-

ndangana kakana dio

be

kutatu,

kana

Tuntula,

T^./.

+ to

cause to increase.

(Proverb), do not

Tuntula

in too great haste to follow

up an offence until it has happened a third time firstly, take it for an accident secondly,
;

nkisi (4), v., to bring under the (benignant) influence of a charm.

tuntula

moko {pi. 9), v., to

moko
;

render,
bigger,
height,

able to divine

see p. 350.

for a
it

mistake

the third time

Tuntuluka,
higher,

v.i.,

grow,

get
(in

was intended. -atundangani, -atundanganu, tutu kiatundangani, very seldom,

very rarely indeed.

increase

price, &c.).

Tuntulula,

v.t.,

to cause to increase

(in height, price, &c.), to... more

and more.

Tun-Umf
Tunu,
6,
w,,

918

proper control, moderatemperance. Tununu, pi. 6, n.^ exceeding cleanness.

tion,

Tuzu,

very bad person, a 6, ., a scoundrel, scamp, rascal, wretch,

brute.
v.t.,

Tununu,

6,

;z.,

insubordination, rude-

Twalakesa,

to betray into

diffi-

an over-stepping of the bounds of propriety, right, duty, &c., immoderation, excess, imness,

culties, to

lead one into attemptto withhold

ing something in hope of support

fail

and then

it,

propriety.

to help in a crisis, to with;

-atuminu,
fore

<.,

going
foolish,

beyond the

hold promised assistance

to

proper use or bounds,

and thereunwild,

hang back and

let

others bear
;

mad,

useless,

serviceable, immoderate,

insubordinate
below.

note tunuiiuka

the brunt of a struggle to hurry along by force, to carry away (as a crowd or flood). Twanga, v., to dislike, to think evil of,
find fault with.

Tununuka, v.i., to pass all bounds, become immoderate, to take liberties, become rude, insubordinate,

TwangU,
I

6,
;

?z.,

fault, flaw, defect, erra-

tum

kimwene
no
fault in
!

twangu
him.
!

ko,

uncontrollable, to take

find

advantage

of

kindness
note

and

Twe

gentleness, to act wildly, to ex-

ceed one's province

above.

tuna

Tuta,

?y.z.,

to

become
abundant
;

numerous,

plentiful,

matuti

interj.^ click snap sound of something breaking. twe lubasa {i.e. the frond rib goes I break the stick in token click of agreement), let it be so agreed
!
!
! ! !

matutidi kuna ezulu, the sky

is

Twengona,
Twezi,
6,

v.t. (fr.
71.

twe), to snap.
flocks,

thick with clouds.

(4), v.,

(Bako.),

herds,

Tuta

nlembo

to touch

one

in

cattle, live stock.

the face or chin with the finger as a challenge.

Twika,

v.t.,

to

send

in

any one's

Tutika,

v.t.,

to place, stand the point

(against),

touch or poke with

charge (tuma, to send alone). Twikila, v.t., to help any one to pick up his load or to put it on him.

the end of something (long), to

Twisa,

"z/.A

+ tomake
App.

sharp, acid, &c.

place

the

end

of

something

see tua,

against another object.

Tutisa e ekudi
voke.

(8), v.,

to irritate, pro-

Tutu, 6, n. tutu kiatundangani, very seldom,

very rarely indeed.

u.
Ubekenge, Ukabu, 12,
Uleza,
12, ., frailty, fragility.
.,

Tuvala, 6, ., something distended or blown out. Tuvalala, 9, ??., distension. Tuvula, 7/., to blow out. meso {pi. 7), 7/./., to look tuvula
fiercely, angrily, glare.

avarice, greed.

12, ., laziness. 12,

;/.,

Umfunia,
Umfuzi,

the habit of violence,

professional
one's

plundering.
12,
n.,
skill,

ability

in

profession or
creative

Tuwa

{perf. tuwidi),

v.t.,

to
i.e.

try to

craft.

catch or

kill

too soon,

before

Umfuzi wa Nzambi, God's

wisdom.

getting sufficiently near.

Tuwa

{perf.

tuwilu),

v.i.^

to escape

Umfuzi wa

fula, great

ability

in

thus.

smith work.

919

Ump-Uve

Umpavuludia,

independence, unconcern, disregard, estrangement shown by an absence of all feeling, affection or care for those con12, .,

indifference,

Ungudi, continued. one would show

est

to one's near-

&

dearest).
(2)

mpanga
peace.

a ungudi, terms of

cerned.

Unkitu,
murderous nature. wicked cunning, .,

12, .,
12, w.,

Umpondi,

12, w., 12,

Unkwa,

fellowship,

wicked cunning. companion-

Umpuka,

ship.

craftiness.

Unkwa,

conj., see 12,

Umpiimina-nzambi, 12, 71., the nature and characteristics of one who

fears

Unkwikizi,

under -nkwa, App. + that which con-

stitutes

a person a

munkwi-

God, godly

fear.

kizi, religion.

Umputu,
Una.

12, .,

poverty.
nature.

Unlomba,

12, n., unfruitfulness.

12, .,

Umwanda,

12, n., spiritual

Untiangu-ntiangu,
of jilting,
likes

the habit
in

una-ina, of any kind, any (thing)

like
(it),
;

&

changeableness whims.
12,
n.,

any
1

(thing)

of

the

Untongololi,
into,

inquisitiveness,

kind

kimbwene mo ma una
did not see anything

curiosity, the disposition to pry

kina ko,

search out matters.

2, .,

of the kind in there,

Untotela,

in the Doutrina Christd

una

ke...ko, ^^z/.-f before, while as

yet... not.

(1624)

untotela= majesty. Ntois

una. ..una, as, same time

whilst,
;

as. ..at

the

tela therefore dynastic natne.

not a simple

una kekwendanga

Untwadi,

muna nzila, mansanga una mebutumuka muna meso, as

he went the tears
his eyes,
fell fast

from

companionship, felbeing together with, community, communion. Untwanga, 12, n., unscrupulous ras2,

w.,

lowship,

the

cality, utter

untrustworthiness,

(yo,

jQ
the

or)

yo...una nkutu..., just

....
;

villainy.

same with

ye nzimbu

zandi una nkutu, za wivi, just the same with his money, it is by theft.. Unga, 12, n., continual disagreement on every point see nya, App.
.

Unzengelevwa, 12, ., foolishness. Usewa, 12, n.^ circumcision.

-a USUtu,
a.,

very bad indeed {a most

indignant &"
scurrilous,

abusive

tervi),

utterly

abominable

&

useless.

TJngolokoso,
sense.

12,

n.,

gammon, non-

Utiangi, 12, n.^ stature, physical development attained nkia utia;

Ungomba,

absence of all troublesome timidity or shyness, tamegentleness of manner,

12,

ngi kena? una wetoko, how

big a fellow
is

he

quite a fine
full

kuna ungomba,
means. Iness, Ungongolokoso,
sense.

adv.,

by gentle

young man {i.e. that of a grown young man).

12, n.,

gammon, nonas

Ungudi,

12,

n.,

the

relationship

children
best

of

one

relations

mother, the or terms (be-

UtO, 12, n., bodily nature. Utontolo, 12, ., weakness. UtU (Bako.), conj.., then (impatient), indeed, even=tu, vutu, App. XJveledi, 12, n., saintship, the being
a saint.

tween different people), peace, harmony, brotherly or mutual

suminwa
Paul.

uveledi,

v.,

to

be

called to being a saint.

Ep. of

Uvo-Van
Uvoso,
12, .,
a.,

920

senselessness, utter folly.

senseless.

Vaki, continued.
culty, obstacle,

-a uvoso,

hindrance, the
tribute,

Uwolezia,
ness.

12,

n.,

corruption,

the

crucial point, the " crux."

nature

of

corruption,

rotten-

Vaku,

12,

n.,

toll,

custom,
to

tax,

Uwuntu, Uwuya,

12, 12,

.=wuntu, App.
/z.,

Vakula
wild
refute.

nkalu

(4),

z/.,

deny,

drunken

madness,

refuse,

contradict,

repudiate,

fury,

quarrelsomeness,

recklessness, lawlessness.

Va-ku-mu,

2, .,

a combination of the
a
pre-

Uyakala,

12, n.,

manly nature, manliVala.

fas-

ness.

roots of the locatives., position.

Uyi, 12, n., dung, excrement. Uzeze, 12, ., effeminate, delicate

TJzimi,
12,
??.,

mu vala,
Valanga,

tidiousness, useless helplessness.

from a long way off mn vala katuka, he comes from a

;

clanship.
.,

long distance.
6,
n.,

Uzumbu,

12,

the desolation of a

a basket
a skull.

to

carry

deserted town.

poultry, &c., in.

Valanganza,

6, .,

V.
V
before a,

Varna,
the
is

vd..,

to

be strong.

among kongo about Wathen

e,

&

Bapro;

Vambula, -z/.+to provide, furnish with. Vambwila, v.^ provide, to furnish okutuvambwila e nzo zina zi;

nounced as a light guttural gh by some of the Babwende as g by the Basundi as h.

fwene, he

will furnish us

with

the necessary house.

Vampamiana,
on
trying,
v.i.,

v.,

to persevere,

keep

Va
ova

{perf. vene), v.t., to give

also to

keep on.
to be

yield
is

(fruit).

Vanakana,

possible to be
(4), ^., to

used when another further hypothesis is advanced^ the foregoing beittg introduced by OVO. If, should, see i Ep. John i. 8

given, be giveable.

vanakana
niable.

nkalu
z/.z.,

be de-

Vanama

(ye),

to struggle (with

&

10.

Vadi, 6, ?/.=kimpadi, App. Vaika, v.i.-\-\.o come out, appear (from somewhere), arise (turn up), happen, befall. Vaikilwa, v.^ to have come upon one, to have befall one. Vakama, v.^ to be caught, held back.
e

some great task or burden). Vanamiana, v.., to persevere, keep on

trying,

keep on

at.
e/.,

Vanda

mpandu
t/.z.,

(2),

to practise

sorcery.

Vandalala,

to

surpass,

eclipse,

out-do everything, be supreme,

to proudly think that

one can-

mpaka zabavakamene,
sible.

further

not be surpassed, eclipsed or in

dispute or denial was impos-

any way harmed by any one or

anything.

Vaki,

6, ,,
is

the matter to which one

Vanga,

vd.-\-X.o
'

behave towards, do

hooked or hitched, i.e. one's first business, that which must have one's first attention, the first or main thing which one
has to do, the
first

to.

Vangala, 6, Vangalela,
well,

+ a framework.
thoroughly,
at

to do do one's best
v.t.,

or with.

duty, the

Vangama,

main point, the great thing to be aimed after, the chief diffi-

get on be successful in business, do well, to be full-grown, grown

vd.,

to

prosper,

well,

92F

Van-Vel
v.i.,

Vangama,
plete

continued.

Vatumuka,

to recover, get right

illness.,

up, to be edified, perfect,

(in

comone's powers, knowto edify, &c., causa-

again after severe

or in

the case of plants., revive after

ledge, education, &c.).

Vangamesa,
tive

7/./.,

Vaudi,

fading. 6, ., a separate portion, something apart, a sect, divisor in

arithmetic.

of above.
to
;

Vangamiana, making

be quick in if the or preparing subject is mentioned, it is preceded by yo (&c.) vangamiana ye salu kiaku, "look sharp" with your work.
;

vaudi

muna

separate

from,

or yo, adv., apart, in a state of

separation from,

yo

is

used

with persons,

muna

of things.

Vauka (muna),
Vaula (muna),
Vava,
6,
n..,

v.i.,

to be separate,

Vanganana, v.t.^ to grow come or be very

great, be-

apart (from), hold aloof (from).

v.t.,

important,

to put separate,

absorb all the interest, leave no room for anything else. Vanganisa, 7/./.-j-to be in a great hurry with any one, impatient with one who is in one's way. Vangaziama, v.i.^ to be made or prepared quickly.

apart (from).
ant's

nest

(mushroom-

like).

Vava

ke...ko,
yet... not

d^/z/.,
;

before, while as

vava kiayizidi ko,

I

while as yet
before
I

had not come,

came.

Vanginika,
Vangizieka,

v.t.^

to

make

great, im-

portant.
v.i..,

to do,

make

quickly

-avava, a., extraordinary, unusual. Vavi, 6, ., a man or beast of enormous strength, a Samson, a
Hercules.

or prepare something.

VangU, Vangu,

6, n.^
6,
n..,

a yoke, leash.

danger,

peril,

source of

trouble

&

annoyance, nuisance,
trying, trouble-

Vayizeka, v.i.., to go out quickly. Yaza, v.i.., to go on increasingly, become more & more great,
numerous,
receive

difficulty.

severe

or intense,
accessions

avangu, a., difficult,

constant

some, dangerous. sia e vangu, 7/., to cause danger, &c., be a nuisance. Vangulnla (yo), t/.A, to do much^ exceedingly, many times, over
again.
v.i.

(used of good or bad), hence to become worse or better accord-

ing as such change may be good

or bad.

Vaza

is

the

reverse

of voza.

Vekomoka,
if,

2/.z.-f-to

rush and bluster

(as the wind), to blow,

like
;

be blown
away, de-

as UVangilu IVangwa, kwa, justkuma just uvangilu kwa

I

along.

kunoka i
is

Vekomoka,
part.

v.i.,

to

go

far

L
i'

kwina oku
if it is

ezulu,

it
;

just as

going to rain uvangilu toloka nima i kena, he is just as if his back was broken. y faningina, v,t., to run with one's I utmost speed.
I

Vela,

6, .,

emptiness, a void, vacuum,

kwa

-avela,

a.,

empty, void, vain, use-

less.

Vela,

6,

n.-\-2ir\y

purpose

Vanzikwa,
Vasina,

6, .,

see elusu,

A pp.
or spring

image
Yela-vela,
tense,

house built for the keeping a fetish or charms, a shrine

of
to

6, .,

chip, piece, bit.

t'.z'.,

(heathen).
v.i.,

asumuka,
up
in

to shoot

grow

strong,

in-

abundance.

earnest,

be

ardenty

Vatalala, 2/.z.=vandalala, App.

zealous, anxious, intent, keen.

Vel-Vev
Vela-vela, continued.

922

Venzomona,
want
of a
ver, to

vd.,

to
;

make a good
hence, in a pala-

ntima
to

(4)

se uvela-vela, to

wide clearing
against,
to

know or hear more

show

matter.

up, to inform expose by clearly

vela-vela muna salu, to grow 07be earnest, active, zealous in one's work.
ete
e
(8) se

stating the facts.

divela-vela, to want more of something tasted.

se ivela-vela, the knife
is

Venzona, vd., to make a small cut or wound. Vesoka, vd., to become vile, spoiled,
dirty, loose colour, tarnish.

mbele

Vesona,

6, n.,

small crumbs, sawdust.

lit.

very sharp, has a keen edge.

Vele, adv.^Xyx. (the particle).

Vetama, vd. vetama...vumbuka,

heads), to raise

to

bow

(the

kana vele=kanele. ovo vele vo, see vova

Velekela, Velekela,
v.t.^ to

them

again, to
consult,

ele vo.

hold
confer

a
;

consultation,

put aside, hide.

6,

;/.,

something put thus

causative

bavumbukidi, they consulted together.

bavetamene

aside or hidden.

Velesa-velesa,

v.t.^

vela

velesa-velesa e zeno, sharpen your wits, keep

;

^velangangu

Vete.

ke vete ko,
haps,
is it

conj.

+ W. may

be, per-

being hoped that such

;

your wits about you.

Velezieka,
6,
;/.,

the case

ke vete ko
I

kwenda

cleverness in

makHttle

nkwenda, perhaps
Veve,
6, n.,

shall go.

ing tasty dishes out of

the eaves of a building.

nothings

also such dishes.

to

Velezieka,

v.t.^

make such

dishes.

Vevi, ke vevi ko, adv.,

very much,

in

no small degree,

Vema,

vd. (Bako.)=kangala,

ha

in

Kongo proper has

to prowl in
it.

the idea of

oyeno nusundidi
birds.

nuni ke vevi

ko, you are far superior to the

Vempoka,
(as

vd., to

vanish,
mist).

disappear

smoke or

Vevoka,

?/./.

+ to
;

Vena ye, there are... at or on, &;c. Vengama, vd. = vengomoka, App.
Vengeka,
away, hide, somethi7ig which one has.
vd., put aside,
vd., to put aside, defer,

strictions, to

be under no rebe free, to have

liberty

see

under vevokwa
of app.

below.

Vevokelwa,
mid.

v.i.

{pass,

of

Vengekela,
put

v., see

p.

629)=vevokwa,

off,

postpone.
only), passion,

which

see below.

Vengenene,
sire,

6, n. {sing,

Vevokwa,

emotion, strong feeling or de-

-avengenene,

a.

to have restrictions removed, be no longer under restrictions, to have freedom, to have liberty granted {pass, of vd.,

makasi

(8)

mavengenene,
vd., to

fierce

anger.

vevoka mid. v., see p. 625) does not cotisider any existe7ice
;

Vengomoka,
on one gone a

side, out of the

little

be or go aside, way, be
from.

of restrictions ;
siders
to

vevokwa

con-

way
out

them to have existed and have been removed.

Vengomona,
side,

vd., to put, shift

on one

vevokwa
one's

moyo

(3),

v.,

to con-

aside,

of

the

way

sider worth while, to

make up

Venza, Venza,

(something encountered). vd., to strike with, beat with. vd., to wash very thoroughly.

Vevola

mind (to). ntima (4),

"v--,

to be willing,

ready.

I
Vevolwela
willing,

923

Vev-Vil
Vidika,
v.t.,

ntima (4),
ready to to search far
{pi. 7),
?'.,

v.^

to

be

to impregnate.
v., to

Vidikwa (kwa),

be with child

Veyana,
all

v.i.^

&

wide, in

(by).

directions.
to forbear.

e vidiza,

8, .

(Kib.)=etadi, App.

Veza

mambu
n.

e vie {p/. 6), adv., all right, without

Vezi, adv^ sooner, rather, it would be better that ( = deke).

(vezozioka), the tail feathers of a bird which have
6,

anything the matter.

Vika, aux.
denly;

z/.-l-to

do quickly, sudto. ..just.. .only

;

also

been fastened up as a trophy,

Iezo,
ia,
la e

the feathers of an arrow, the

tail

kuna kwa ntukuka uvikidi tukuka, how quickly it withered up ovo mpikidi songa kaka
;

of a

fish.

ezozioka,

^'.^.,

to

dodge about.
be well taught
instructed
in

ntu if my head
,

only just showed

\ v., to

Vikuka,

v.t.,

to whirl along rapidly

mpila

(2), J

or

(in the air, as leaves

before the

or trained

at.

via
via
ia e

masona
read

(8), to

know how
to

to

&

write.
(12),

blow hard, come or go violently (of wind ^r rain)Vila, v.t.-\-\.o finish off an edging
wind), rush,
properly.

unganga

be well
Vila,

initiated in the art of a doctor.

6, .,

an animal killed

&

burnt

mpila (2), v.., to be very black. Viaku, 6, ;?., excuse, an unsatisfactory

explanation.

in a bush-fire.

Vilalala,

v.i.

meso
come or go away
away
secretly,

(7,

ma-) vilalala,

to be cross-

Vialuka,

7^./.,

to

eyed.

without telling any one of one's

intention, to slip
to

Vilalala, v.t., to be faint, indistinct, almost invisible.

withdraw oneself unnoticed.

v.i.,
2^.,

Vilama,

v.i.,

to

be hidden, not to be
appear.

Vianda, Vianga, Vianga,

to get lost.

visible, not to

to

v.t.,

mark, write. to smear on a thin coat

Vilangesa, 7/./. -f-to make a mutual exchange, set one over against
the other.

or thinly.

Viangala,

v.t.

Vilukila,

v.t.,

turn (one's) face round

moyo
_

(3,

U-) viangala,

(towards) (only of the face or

viangalwa
(on),

ntima

(4)

or moyo,

the proper side of a thing).

to be very wishful (for), intent

Vilukwa

ntima

(4), v.i.,

to repent,

anxious
v.i.,

(to).

Viangama,
Viangila,

to

be thinly smeared

change one's mind. Vilula, v.i., to change one's mind,

opinion, &c.

(of grease, &c.).

go or come {an angry word) kuviangila mu nzo ame ko, do not venture into my house (you rascal). Viangula, v.t.., to go carefully & stealthily to touch some one
-z/.,

to

Vilumuka,
Vilumuna,
Vilu-vilu,

v.i.,

to

be lashed, scarred
wale.

with lashing, be waled.

v.t., to lash,
n.,

6,

changeableness,

fickleness.

(to call

him aside without

p.

at-

Vilwa, Vilwa,

tracting the attention of others).

Vibidila (Bako.), z^.^zizila,

283

make a mistake. a mistake, error, a forgetting ignorance, absence of knowledge, injustice, wrong.
v.i.,

to

12, n.,

&
Vididika

App. meso,

Vilwa,
v.t., to

v.i.,

to

want

to attend to a call

render cross-

of nature, or in the case of a

eyed.

fowl, to want to lay.

ViL-VO
Vilwa, continued. vilwa e nzala (2),

924

Visa, continued.
?/.,

to

be hungry.

tifying

signature
mid..,

or

seal,

Vimpakana,
to

z/.,

to hear imperfectly,

receipt, a visa.

be dull of hearing.
.

Vitakana,
leave
healthful.

v.

to
;

turn
e

aside,

Vimpi, 13, avimpi,

+ health.
healthy,
;

the track

nkombo

sound, good

elongi diavimpi, sound advice or doctrine.

goat

ivitakene kunansi a nti, the left the track to go under

a tree.
v.t.^

Vimpita, 7/., think about, meditate. Vina, V. (Mpa)=wiiiikina, p. 461. Vinda nlele muna luketo (10), ?a, to wind the long loose end of one's cloth round the waist as
a girdle.

Vitakesa,
to

to

cause,

allow
is

or held
line

make something which

go aside from the mark,

or track, as a htife in cutting something oiit or a goat driven or a hockey stick in playing
hockey.

Vindakesa,
(of

v.t.^

to put

down or
along

into

many
t/./.,

things ^r people only).

to

Vitamena, v.t., to make a

ing.

call in pass-

Vindana,

a crowd, jostling together, in wild

in
v.i.^

rush

Vitidila,

v.^ to

go or be the
all.

first

or

confusion, pell-mell.

front or before
(as

Vinduka,

to close

up

wound),
well
to-

Vitumuna,

be closed

up,

come

7/./.-fto push on with it, sweep away with it, carry away

gether (as a well-made joint).

with a rush {used only in referto-

Vinduna,
Vinga,

v.t..,

to cause to

come

ence to things in motion)

to

also

gether as above.
t/.z.,

blow over or down

of the

to take place or

since, to take the place of

happen some-

wind).

V.K. (divitidi Kristu),

Christ.

B.C., before

thing else, to be the next thing

happen nga nkia mambu mavingidi oko evata, what has happened since in the town. Vinga, 6, n.., a person uninitiated into
to
;

listen, attend to (a not a person). Viyidila, 7/,/. = zizila, p. 283 & App.

Vivila,

v.t.^

to

matter.,

Viziku-vizikn
Vizula,
7/./.,

{pi. 6),

the sound of
,

a mystery or Vingila,
6,
;/.,

rite.

whispering.
to beat with a lash

a bird which does not

its

or

build a nest of

own, but lays

rods, scourge.

always

in old nests.

Vo,

conj..,

equivalent to " then " as

Vinzuka,

v.i.

(Bako.)
v.i.,

=
be

vunzuka,
winding,
circuitous,

used

sometimes

in

questions

P- 457.

when some
)

action

or

definite
re-

Viongoloka, Viotakana,
Viotakesa,

to

conclusion

must

result on

tortuous,

crooked, round about, distorted.

v.t.,

ceiving an affirmative answer; insadisa vo? shall I help him

to render winding, &c.

then

akweyi kitukidi, kuna

Viotama,
Visa,
7/./.,

see
to

viotakana.
thoroughly instruct, &c.
;

App. to place beyond all doubt as to skill, correctness or certainty (of facts), to
see via,

evata vo, ovo kuna mpatu? where does it come from, from the town or the farms ? vo i, con/'.., as for VO i mono mpankalu, as for me, I kwidi
;

audit,

to

officially

or formally

denied.

sign or seal or otherwise certify.

VO mona own,

conj.,

wherefore,

Visa,

6,

thorough knowledge, certainty, an audit, official or cern.,

seeing this, on account of this {used in speaking of some action

925

Vo-Vov
v.i.y

>,

conthnted.

Vololoka,
is to

to be firmly, securely

which

follow these con-

clusions).

Ovo used as a conj. p?eceded by a comma., or in equivalent an speaking by pause; see also pp. 310-311. OVO, when used with the future^ sugOVO, conj.^ that.
is

braced up, to have or exercise self-control, be temperate, moderate, corttinent.

tied,

well

Vololola,

v.t.,

to tie

firmly, securely,

to cause to exercise self-control,

make
Voloma,
Volongonzo,

v.i.,

temperate, moderate. to flow, pour, run down.

6, n.,

gests uficertainty^
perfect is

if

used, or

when ihe when it is

the framework of
&: in

the ribs complete

position.

followed by se, the event, though yet future, is sure to take place in due course, when.

OVO wau, conj., if so, in that case, if it must be so, if needs be. Vodiana, v., to cry, wail, making a
great noise.

Vodoka,
Vodola,

vd., to
v.t.,

be

safe.

to render safe.
v.t.,

Vokeka (muna),

to hitch

(upon

or over), slip (over). Vola, ?/.?. + to win (in gambling). vola e mbwa (2), v., weigh
anchor.

Volozioka, v.i., to revolve (of endless bands in opposite directions, wheels in contact, &c.). Vomo, 6, n., abundance, plenty. -avomo, a., abundant, plentiful, great (of something made up of many things or of some matter or affair). Vomoka, v.i., to be abundant, plentiful, become great or serious through many accessions or
complications.

an

Vomona,

vd., to give, put

in

abund-

ance, heap up, pile on.

Vola, vd., to paralyse.

Vompoka,
have some
rest
///.

v.i.,

Vola,

v.,

to cool,
to

eyes),

to be hollow (of the emaciated (of the abdo-

nitu (2, i-) vola, or relaxation to cool down.

(to

men).

after exertion,

Vonda
Vongola

into a

tulu (pi. 10), n., to throw dead or very sound sleep.

Volela, vJ., to lure, lure on, lead on

kinsanga

(5), v.,

to

weep

some
a

mischief).
lure.

profusely.

Volela,

6, n.,

Volesa e to

(6)

ntima (4), some exertion,

or e nitu (2) or v., to take rest after

to

Vonza, 6, n., great danger, peril. Vosa, v.t. + to engrave, to shape by

cutting into the surface (vala

take

some
is

by cutting

off

from the surface).

(5),
v.,

relaxation, mental if

ntima

Vosona

kinsanga
v.i.,

to

weep
(of

used; physical if nitu, sometimes even z/ ntima.

Volo,
6,

bitterly.

Votalala,

to

hang down

n.,

self-control,

command

branches).

over one's passions, continence,

Votana,

v.i.,

to writhe

&

wriggle as

moderation. Volo, 6, ., a sand-martin. Volo, ) 6, n., a. hole or chasm made by the subsidence of the Voloka, J
earth.

eels.

Voteka, vd., see vokeka, App. Voteleka, v.t., to cause to hang down. Vova, V.
i

Voloka,

vd., to tell

nobody (about an
(a

vova VO, so to say or vova ele vo or vova

if,

speak.
ele vo, even
of..

affair),

keep
self

thing)

close,

in

the

event

.even;

dark, to
exercise
silent.

make no
-

answer, to

control

&

be

vova ele vo diambu dikwiza, ke diambu ko, even if trouble

come, never mind.

VOV-VUL

926

Vova, continued. diau ovovele edio, as you say a somewhat evasive yet definite assent {e.g. Luke xxii. 70, &
;

Vudilwa, continued. a wood of its trees) una kavudilu, when (the crowd) had cleared off, when he was alone.
;

xxiii. 3).

Vuka,
to address

vd.^ to
free,

Vovelela,

v.t.^

or

call

upon

be spared, let off, allowed to escape.

let

go

(a fetish)

or

tell it

one's wishes.

vuka

(Bako.), to be saved, safe, get

vovelela e esikilu (8), 2/., sing to a musical instrument. Vovelo, 6, ?z., a speech on another's or one's own behalf, a defence. Vovesa, v.t.^ to scold, speak angrily to. This word is to be distinguished from vovesa, to say
to,

free

from danger, trouble, &c.,

aux. (Bako.), to be, do, go,
early,

get well.

Vuka,

V.

come

soon=vika,

pp.

447, 695.

Vukama,
Vukana,

vd., to be deceived, luded, under a delusion.

^.z.,

de-

by

the

absence
;

matter said or spoken

of any kavove-

to

have sexual

inter-

course together.

senge aka mwana andi, he was always scolding\i\s child mwana kavovesenge aka andi mambu mambi, he was always saying bad things to his
;

Vukana,
Vukika,
Vukisa,

vd..,

flow together, coalesce.

vd., to deceive, delude, be-

guile,

humbug, gammon.
to spare, let

vd..,

go

free, let

off,

allow to escape.
T/./.-f-to

child.

Vovo fulu, Vovo van,

act.

1 adv..,
)

on the spot

at once.

Vukula, Vukula,

distract.

vd..,

to put

up with (an
&c.),
to.

in-

immediately, instantly,

convenience,

disregard,

at the very

moment,

in the very

pay no attention

Voza,

v.i..,

to decrease in size,

num-

bers,

severity

or

intensity,

Vukula, 7/./., to copulate (of animals). Vukulula, vd., to take back something which one had given
away, reclaim.

become less & less, hence to become worse or better, ac,

Vula,

cording as such change may be good or bad. Voza is the reverse of vaza.

{from vula, to be enpeople, a great following or retinue.

6,

n.

larged), a

Vula,

vd., to

clear

off,

disperse (of

Voza, v.i.., to stop, cease. Vozevo, conj.., if, in the event, that. Vuba, 7/., to clap (the hands with surprise, &c.).
;

crowds, clouds, &c.).

Vula, 7/./.-l-to strip Vulukila, vd., to

living

off (fetters, &c.).

live
;

by,

make
lives

ovubndi lukofi, he

by,

at

mu ungema
by

clapped a clap. to kick up or along, v.t.., blow up (as gunpowder). Vudidi, 6, ;?., the habit or act of taking too much or very much. Vudidila, v.t.^ to take too much or very much. Vudilwa, vd.^ to have (things) remove or removed from (one), to have (the crowd) leave (of a place or person who was thronged), to be cleared (of clouds as the sky or of a place from a crowd or

kevulukilanga, he
palm-tapping.

Vubuna,

-avululu,

a.
{pi. 2)

ngangu
ning

zavululu, which defeats

false cunits

own

ends.

Vulumuka,
size

vd., to grow, increase in

and
at,

stature.
vd., to to
start

Vulumukina,
rush

up and
at,

dash,
at.

bound

spring suddenly

Vulumukina,

v., to bluster,

speak so

as to frighten.

I
Vulumuna
Vulu-vulu, App.

(927

VUL-VUT
Vunga sama,
continued.

meso
6,
n.^

{pi. 7), v.t.^

to look

fiercely, angrily, glare.

from which winged white ants

are escaping, to
their

see

under kanda,

make them
once,"

lose

wings
v.i.,

at

&

so be

Vuma, v.t. vuma maza {pi.

fall

easily caught.
7), v.^

to let
in

from the mouth as

water wash-

Vunganana,
den.

to be foolishly hid-

ing the hands.

Vunganana,
z/.,

vd., to

be deceived.

vuma
Vumana,

mete
?/.,

(8),

to spit upon.

to

respect,

fear

each

Vungidilwa, vd, to be tempted to do something which one knows

be wrong. This is used of temptations which come from the heart. Vukumuka expresses the temptation due
to

other.

Vumbana,
Vumlauka,

?/./,,

to give out a pleasant

the

odour.
v.i..,

see also

vetama, App.

Vumbula,
&c.)

v.t.^

to catch in the very

to suggestion of others.

act of doing (something, theft,

;

Vungila,

vd., to dip (a

morsel

in the

tumvumbwidi

mwivi

gravy).

or

muna
n.^

wivi, we have caught

the belly,
;

Vunginika,

vd., to deceive, to

lie,

to

the thief in the very act.

give a false impression, to

make

Vumu,

6,

from vumu,

a pretence that

come
to one's
self,

one's living, all one's food

also

Vunginika,
that

vd., to hide foolishly, so

the subdivision of a clan (ekanda), a family, house, dynasty.

it is
)

easily found.
v.,

ntu

(4)

a vumu, the head of a

Vunguka, Vungukilwa,
Vungula,

to

senses or

re-

family.

cover consciousness.
vd., to

ku vumu, round the trunk. Vumwinu, 6, ., the spirit, soul,

living principle,
life.

have

(it)

dawn upon

the

one, to understand, to take in,

comprehend.

Vuna,

V. aux., to do... a little slightly,

Vungumuna,
curtain,

vd.,

to

draw aside a
or
obstacle

to a small extent (time,

amount,

screen
previously

&c.)

few

vuna dingama, wait a moments vuna kio za;

which
the view.

obstructed

ngula,

lift it

up a

trifle.

vungumuna
v., to

Vuna, v.t., to bend (a bow). Vunda, v., to halt for rest, nkwa ntima avunda, one who
slow to anger.
)

nzieta (4) a malavu, shake off a fit of drunken-1-

ness.
is

Vunguta,

^.z.

to

murmur, speak

in

very low tones, mutter, grumble.

Vundanena, v.t., to hoe up the earth Vundena, round a plant. f Vundika, v.t., to place something
hard
it.

Vunguzioka,

vd., to sniff

&

be

dis-

gusted, to catch a nasty smell.

e

&

dry into water to soften

v.t.,

Vuni, 12, n., falsity, falsehood. vunia-vunia {pi. 6), adv., (to go, come, walk, &c.) proudly erect.
^o cheat.

Vundumuna,
Vunga,
is
v.t.,

to disinter.

to

cover somewhat im-

Vunina, )^.,.^ Vuninina,J

perfectly, because

when vunga

Vunuka,
up.

vd., to

be exposed, shown

used the thing used to cover with is small, &' not suffi,cie7it
to

Vununa,
VutU,

vd., to lay bare, expose.

cover thoroughly.
(6), v.,

Vunga sama

(Bako.), to place

then (impatient), indeed, even = tu, utu, App., more used

conj.,

nzambalalu grass over the hole

by women.

Vut-Wa
Vutudi,
6,

928

n.^

return,

recompense,
again
"bavu-

Vwamvwana,

v.i.^

to rustle

&

sway

reward.

Vutukila, v.t., tukidi

to... over

tunga evata diau,

again
;

about as the branches of a tree (when climbing animals & birds are moving about in them).

they built their town

Vwanda

mfulu

(2),

v.^

to

sit

in

vutukila
over again.

wo

vova, say
moist.

it

council.

Vutula,

77./.,

become

Vwandangana, '\v.i., to make a shade Vwandangiana,/ (as a spreading

tree).

moyo

(3,

U-) vutula, to be refreshed

(in body).

Vwata,9,
be
all

n.,

clothing

dia yo vwata,

Vuvana,

v.i.^

to

lost

&

wandering,

food

&

clothing

"quite at sea," to be wondering

Vwatwa,

6, .,

something to wear,
{j)l.)

what Vuvanina,

it is

about.

apparel, dress,
to
;

clothes.

v.t.^

to

wonder as
said.

Vwavwaziana,

v.t..,

to

own

each

mpuvanini edi kavovele,

wondered what he

other, to entertain against each

other (feelings).

VUVU,

6,

71.

Vweto,
trust,

6,

;?.,

the gravity or weight

l)unda e VUVU, to
fidence
in.

place con-

of something heavy not stand-

ing

perpendicularly,

as

of a

-avuvu, dependable, reliable. Vuvuta, v.^ stray, wander about, roam.

ladder being placed

m position.
p.

Vuwama,
well.

v.i.,

to well
fit

befit, to
its

fit

as
fit

Vweza, Vwika,
Vwila,

v.t.

(Bako.)=veza,
to lay hold

447.
flag).

7/./. -f

to hoist (a sail
of,

or

cloths, &c., to

place,

v.t.,

get into

one's power.
to

Vuwika, Vuya, 6,

t/.A,
??.,

make a good

fit.

a small twig.
7a/.,

Vuzumuna,

to strip off or snatch

W.
"W
often

away with violence, to bark (the object must be stated) ba;

stands in osolongo as an

mvuzumwini
stripped him.

nlele,

they

equivalent of

in

kisi-kongo.
sur-

Wa,

interj.,
prise.,

an exclamatio?i of

Vwa,

I,

n.,

the owner (always used

astonishment, protestation

with the thing possessed mentioned immediately after

house.
it)
;

or indignation, sometimes even

equivalent to
tion

vwa-nzo, the owner of

the

surely, indeed,

wonder whether, why in a quesa negative answer is exI

;

Vwa mfunu
or use
tage out
will not

(4), v.,

for, to
of,

to have need of have any advanget any good from

;

pected.

wa wa

edi,^r^., why, for what reason.

ele

nkutu

(w'ele ukutu), with vo,

to
it is

ke dikumpwa mfunu ko,

it

be of any use to me. Vwalangana, v.i., be deranged, thrown into disorder or confusion.

or without according there is a deed wa

;

said indeed,

hearsay indeed,
in-

report already,
ele
i

mfumu

yandi bekunyikilanga

nkutu

se

Vwalangasa
Vwalangesa,

(Bako.),)
J

-z/./.,

to

de-

range,
disorder,

mix
con-

up, throw
fuse,

into

Vwama, v

throw about. i. -t- to have abundance of

akaka, it is said indeed that some call him chief wa ele nkutu edi katukanikini vondeswa [tuvondeswa, indeed
;

everything, to live in luxury.

wa

he threatened to kill us. nga, conj., do... then really

(in

929

VVa-WeT
continued.

Wa,

continued.

Wau,
;

indignation)

wa nga

kielelca

kikilu vo nwavonda o mfumu eno e ? do you then indeed really mean to kill your
chief
?
;

ko, because or now that I going I will stop no longer,

am

wau

ki- (kolo understaod), adv.,

;

while

wau

kilele
slept.

wantu,

while the

men

Wa, an

emphatic, relative verbal par-

wau kina
vo,
'

vo or kinana vo,
seeing that, since,

wau
now

iiicle

used much as i, but is relative rather than demonstrative^ who is, was, S:c., which is, are, it often appears before &c. Jizu a noun in apposition Kristu wa Mwana a Nzaml)i,
;
;

tw//'.,

forasmuch as, for, because wenda asadi e salu wau vo ifutidi, go & work then, now that I have ])aid you wau VO, ntel' audi ukufi, for he was
that,
;

Jesus Christ (who

of God.

is)

the

Son
I

too short.
i

muna wau nkutu

conj.y

ndivo,
that,

Wa,

(Bako.)=Vwa. Wa-ya-wa, adv., here,

V.

notwithstanding

there, &: every-

where.

Wadi,

6,

;/,,

a short, black, thick, bony

all sorts

even when, although, even though see sentence under wingi, App.
;

fish.

wau nkutu, conj.,

12,
;/.,

Wadiwonso,

of things,

i...wau, says, said

every thing.

Wala, 1 v.t., to do quickly, be Wala-wala,/ quick in doing.

even when. okala VO kadi, i yandi wau, kwiza nkwiza, for, said he, I will come.
;

Wavo=wa
Wawana,
be
in

ovo.

Wandu,
Wanzio
Watu,

10

&

12, //.+ lentil

bush

&

fruit.

(12)

wa

nsa,

;/.,

an innocent

accord, concord, tune or harmony, harmonize.

v.t.,

v.i.+to

babe.
ir6'///".

Wawanisa,

to set

in tune, har-

+ still,
edi

yet,

notwithstand,

monize.

ing that, "iuhen used in a protest j

Wayi,

12,

;/.,

slavery, bondage.
(2)

ovovanga

ngeye

'

Wazi

(12)

wansi
(3), n.,

a vuvu

(6)

or

nkundi ame watu e mbongo zame zau oyiyanga, you say

that you are
steal

moyo
I
,

skin diseases often

my

friend, yet

you

appear to be getting better, only to break out worse again hence

;

my

goods.
I

false hopes,

Wau,

\adv.,

see
is

under uma.

The

sia

wazi
raise

hope against hope. wansi a vuvu, to

cause to

owau, ] article

when it sent when

generally prefixed implies now, and ab-

false hopes, to

it is used of man?ier, or some other time, or during; owau tuzeye, now we know wau kavovele, so he said.
;

hope against hope. kala yo wazi wansi a vuvu, to entertain false hopes, to hope
against hope.

We==wa+e
I

see
a.,

under wa, App.

owau

bosi, conj.,

now

indeed,

now
;

-awele-wele,
pieces,

cut in short or small

at length.

wau, of time during, while, when wau kekwendanga, while he

was going.

Wesomoka,

of cassava only. to be crushed or broken or shattered to atoms or

v.i.,

pieces.

wau

kadi, eonj., now that, because wau kadi kwenda

;
I

Wete

(Bako.)--=:wa ete, listen

-awete,

nkwenda kidingalala diaka

wawete

well

done

good

When

30

Wet-Wo*^
"Wete, continued. the King of

930

Kongo
&c.,

is

pleased

with a
is

gift,
!

he exclaims

wawete &
taken up

a shout of
all

wawete
;

Wingi, continued. was that love, for God to take pity on men, even though they were wicked, He sends His Son
to save them.

over the town

when that has subsided, he makes such remarks as he

thinks
fit.

Wisiswa,\6,

;/.,

a means of enforcing

Wiswa,
Wizana,

obedience, a delegated

authority.

wete-fiole

"\(i2),

adv.^

it

will

be a

wete-wete J

pity

if... not, it

would

v. recip., to listen to another, consider one another's interests,

be better to..., it would indeed be best to..., happy indeed (if)

...
;

to get

Wokela,

9, .,

on well together. abounding, abundance.

wete-fiole

kwenda,
;

it

would be far better to go there is a threat or expected disaster implied whefi these words are
used.

Wokelesa^wokesa, p. 462. Wolakana, 7>., to be corruptible.

Wolezia,
6,
;/.,

something

rotten, de-

cayed, putrid.

Wombesa,
v.t.

2/./'.,

to carry safely

through

Widikila,

(Bako.)

winikina,

danger.

p. 461.

Wombo,
listen to, obey.

12,

;/.

(Solongo), the brain.

;/.,

Wila,

2^./.

+ to
;/,,

"Wompodia,
cavity.

6,

a pot-hole, a great
{pi. 10),

Wingi,

abundance, multitude, great number, the greatness

12,
;

Wonanana yo
heavily.

tulu

2/,,

to sleep

ke bena ya owu havola dio ko ye mbizi wingi, they cannot draw it on account of the number of
fish.
;

Wondoka, v.i. wondoka yo tulu

[pi. 10), v., to fall

asleep, to drop asleep.

wingi, what great, how great wingi, the great mambu things which, what great things. yo (&c.)...o wingi, so, so much that, so hard or well that, in such a manner that, by the abundance or greatness, be'

Woneneka yo tulu
Wondeleka,
Wondelela,
v.t.,

{pi.

id), v.t., to

cause heavy sleep.

to

soothe,

pacify,

console.
v.t., beseech, beg, entreat, urge strongly, exhort, urge to gentleness, kindness, goodness,

yo sala bavangidi mateva matatu miina Inmbu kimosi, they worked so hard
cause... so
;

many

wingi

basadidi

or the putting away of anger or annoyance, to soothe passions

;

hence also to sing a lullaby.

Wonso,

12,

;/.,

all

things, everything
;

that they

made

mats

in

one
e

ye mbizi ekonde balembi

day
;

wingi

utusamunwini wonso wavovele e mfumu, he

{abstract only)
told us all that the chief said.

dio tunta, because there were so many fish they were unable to drag
the net.

wonso following

the

7101171,
/;/

some,
7iega;

any, some... <7r other,

live sente7ices, at
all,

a single
;

mu

wingi... kwa,
e nzola

how

great. ..for;

muntu wonso, some

ina

mu

wingi,

kwa

wantu e nkenda, i muna wau nkutu bena vo wantu ambi ndivo tuma ketuma Mwana andi keza kubavuluza, how gteat

Nzambi kafwa

one kabongele ma wonso ko, he did not take anything at all or a

single

thing

tandu

mvu

Wonso, some time or other. Wonzaziana, ?'., to exhort one another.

(931
Wonzolola,
little.

WoN-Wuv
continued.
pig, flesh

v,t.,

to

collect little

by

"Wumba,

&

fish, & eels,

&

the

Wotoka,
in,

t'./,,

to

be concave, shrunken
(of the

couple partake; the doctor prescribes

rotomoka,
earth

z/j'.+to subside

neither
;

when

it

caves
I

in).

owu,

owu diakalanga,
nda,
going.
I

suppose
that

owu
is

more woman, if she objects beforehand to such abstinence.

a konko (taboo) that may eat goat flesh any he may except the

diakalanga kwenda kekwesuppose

Wuminina,
not

v.i.,

to dry to

up

(of things

he

liquids),

wither (of a

member).
wa...ko + not to be or have any means of
;

ke

vwa owu
able to

Wumunu,
App.

6,

//.

(Bako.)=vumwinu,

not to dare to

kavwidi owu
he dared
not

Wumwa

kanikuna
move,

ko,

Wudika (muna),
(against or

7'./.,

to cause to fall

mwini (3), 7/., be dried up by the sun, have all the trouble of working in the sun. Wunda, 7'./., to tarry, stay or remain
for a while, stop (at), reside (for

down

upon).

Wula,

7a/.,

to dash, hurl.

a time), sojourn, lodge.

Wulama
or

(muna),
fall

vd., to

be dashed
upon),

Wunguka,
leave,

v.i.,

to depart,

go away,
or f/iings

(against or

down
a

of

many

-people

beat (against).

only.

Wumba,

12,

;/.

When

married

Wungulula,

couple have lost several chil-

dren by death, the witch doctor

will frequently

7/,/. + to gather up & clear or take away {of anything^ bitt primarily of zvceds).

(nganga a moko or manga) recommend that

(kota wumba). the doctor arrives, the
"'

Wuntu,

12,

;/.,

human
human

nature,

humanhuman,

ity,

manhood.
a.^

they be brought under the spell

of

-awuntu,

of

nature,

wumba

natural.

When woman

Wunzulula,

has a *' hand of plantain placed upon her head, & holds it with her right hand her left hand has a rope tied to
;

7/./'.+to sip up (a few drops of liquid left in a vessel), to dabble (as a duck in the mud).
9, n.,
9,
;/.,

man leads her by it, crythe doctor ing, Muntu nteka answers, Twasa e "boba kiokio yansumba kwame, nanga wuta kawuta. The man deit,

&:

Wuta, Wuta,

bearing.

sonnie, girlie, dear child, an affectionate way of addressing & sometimes of speaking of
;

mands

3,000 strings of beads

one's own children wuta come, sonnie Wutukianwa yo, v.i., to

!

nza

be of the
nature

the doctor pays 3 single beads

&

takes the

woman

he throws
saying,

same mother as. Wutukilu, ) 6, n.,

the

away the

plantains,

Wutukilwa,
habit.

natural

condition or

katula e dinkondo diadi, dianu olembi wutila wau onatanga e dinkondo diadi

vana ntu aku.

rope

Me

cuts the

Wutwa, 6, n., offspring. Wuya, 6, 7/.=kimpumbulu, p. 298. Wuyana, 7'./., to become very drunk
_& furious,

from her hand, & an elam"bu (fetish feast) is prepared of fragments of goat ^

become raving mad.

Y-Ya

932

Ya, continued.

and there is only a desire iv know whether it happened to lu performed. It may be used als<

in

Solongo generally becomes Kongo.

iJiis

in

(b)

in

a narration 7C'hen some-

thing

was done without any

Ya-,

^prefix is added to the pass, pronotms ame, aku, andi, eto, eno, an, in the sense of fellow-,

previous intention or expectation. It is perhaps best expressed^ if at all, in English by

one's special
is

the combination
i.e.
;

some part of the verb

before the pj'edicate,

to

happen
often

indeclinable,

undergoes

and

no concord change

makangu
;

yame,my special

friend, friends

the further use of some, any, a certain, before the object; (a)

etoko yandi, his chum ndumbizi yandi, her special friend

(girl)
;

nga wasukwila ekulu yo moko

e ? did you (happen to) wash your hands first ? nga omonanga ye ma e ? do you (happen to) see anything? nga kwayi-

mwana
;

yeto,

our

playmate
di e

mpofo, OVO
if

ofidi-

mpofo yandi bekoboka

ewnln,
the blind lead
into the pit

muna

the blind (his fellow blind man),

Bukulwila nkutu ya moko ko ? and did you not wash your

they will both

fall

hands.?

nga kumonanga ya
see
?

ke mnsa siswa etadi vana ntandn a etadi yandi ko,

there shall not be
left

ma

ko e? do you not

anything

nga
e
?

kumonanga
are

therein

ya nsoni ko

you not

one stone upon another (its fellow) Lnka xxi. 6 wantu

;

yeto, our fellow-men.

ya

is

also prefixed to

same way,
fellow;

ame ye

nkwa in the & is equivalent to nkwa salu yankwa ekesa yankwa ame,

ashamed of yourself ? vana ezandu nga osumbidi vo ye mbizi e ? did you (happen to) buy any meat on the market ?
(b)

ngyele kuna evata diandi,

mbwene ko yo muntu wina ye mbele, I went to his town &

(happened
a
to see or)
;

my

fellow-servant

&

fellow-

saw there

soldier,

man

with a knife

mpandi
;

ya, with iinnatiiral negative^ without, but not nwadi kio vava
;

ya

kiaii
it,

ke nnmoni, you

shall
it.

seek

but shall not find

sanga nwabaka ye mbizi, you will be sure to catch some fish kimwene ko ya muntu wina ya mbele ko, I did not (happen
to)

Ya konso=konso.
ya placed between two words
peated sig7iijics that it
is

see any one with a knife.

re-

It is also thus used in imper-

genuine

sonal constructions,

&

unadulterated

malavu-ya;

quently untranslated;

and is frevena yo
happens
to

malavn, pure wine

tiya-ya-

muntu,
be) a

there
;

is

{or

tiya, unadulterated gunpowder;

man vatelamene yo ona

I

wolo-ya-wolo, pure gold,

nzolele beni, there stood there

ya

(ye or yo) is used (a) in a?t interrogative se?itence before the

object
is

him whom any case it

much

love.

///

is

clearly i)}iplied

of the

ve?-b

when one
as
to

that the eve?tt

pated, it
pected., it
is

was not

precofia7iiici-

altogether ignorant

certed or to have been

whether there was any previous inte?ition to perform the actio?i,

something unexit

happens,

chances.

933

Ya-Yau
moko
(9), v.,

Ya, vj. (Bako.), to be cooked, burnt, done or cooked enough, to be

Yambika

to

impose

consumed by
Yabala,
7'./.,

fire.

hands, to lay on hands {an important part of the ceremony of

conferring a dignity or chieftain'
ship).

to

scream, shout,

yell,

cry (as a baby).

Yaka,

^./.,

to

throw up the

mpanza
casting

Yambila,

7>d.

(Bako.)+to converse,

&
yaka
o

catch

them

Ijcforc

to talk with

them.

Yambukwa
(13), v.^ to

zunu
?'./.,

catch any
one's
self,

v.,

to

= moka. ntima (4) or moyo (3), make up one's mind, to

App.
ludi, true indeed
true,
it

one up

in his

speech.

come

to a decision.

Yakama,

to take

upon

Yame,
e

see ya-,

to arrogate, to

be a busy-body.
;

Yamu,j?^;rA

yakinu Yakinu, adv. + yet, still nsonso zole ngina zau, I have
two nails. yakinu, followed
still

diambu yamu
it

was,

it

was only too

it

is

quite clear,

is

very certain.

by

a negative

clause, adv., as yet, (not) yet.

yamu...ya..., prep., used of future time only, from. ..to..., ...by...

Yaku, see ya-, App. Yaku, prep. -\-or\, upon

eseke, he went

yamu lumbu ya lumbu,

;

from

wele tunta

wanda muna maza yaku

drew the net out of the water upon the land. Yakula, ) v.f., to answer in antiphonal singing, to take Yakulula,J up (some refrain), to sing a
chorus.

day to day or day by day {fut.). Yana, dem. pron cl. i, pi., ^rd pos.
,

&

emphatic, used only after the

verbal particle
i
;

i i

yau yana,
yeno yana,

those are they

Yakulula,

v.t.,

to take

up

&

carry on

you are they, it is you who. Yandala, 7'./.-f to inquire about, after. Yandi, see ya-, App. Yangalala, vd.-\-\.o be fine & warm
[of

or through or

to aid in the pio-

the

weather

(kuma

(9)

secution of some enterprise.

ku-)]

Yakwele mvu,
Yalangana,
other
;

adv., for ever, ivith

negative never.
vd., to spread,

Yanginu= yakinu, App. Yangumuna, 7A/.-fto stir

incite.

up,

rouse,

be comto

municated

from

one

the

also to spread out or ex-

Yani (Bako.) = yandi. Yanikwa, vd., to be

sun
;

put out in the

tend widely, broadly (used only

of a stationary condition
is
;

there

nkaka ame yanikwayanikwa wayanunwa, my

is a very helpless he cannot get out of the house by himself, i.e. has to be helped in & out of the house

no notion of spreading further

further).
v.t.,

grandfather
old

&

man

Yalangesa,

spread out.

Yambana,

be on the most intimate terms, have the closest relations see yambika, the inv., to
;

(sun).

Yanza,

v.i.,

to be clever,
;

have one's

ference being that there

is

al;

wits about one

mwana ame

most a community of goods

heiice,

otomene yanza, my boy knows

what he
is

about.

yambana muna mpasi ovo

wete, to sympathise
or joy.
in

mu

sorrow

Yasinte, Yaspe, 2,

2, n.,

Jacinth.

n.,

jasper.

Yasumbate,
to leave (a thing) not

adv., until

see

sumbate,

Yambika,

v.t.,

App.

in the

charge of any one.

Yau,

see ya-,

App.

Vav-Yid
Yavana,
co/ij.

934

+ nnii\,

to the

end

that,

Yela,

7^./,+ to

be

sick,

sometimes mad'
to

so that.

ness is insinuated^ hence to be

sufficiently,

ke yavana ko, not

;

not

out of one's
after,

mind or
;

be

mad

enough ngangu kena zau kansi ke yavana ko, he is

artful,

for

have a foolish weakness (something) yela keyela,

crazy.
tScc,

but

not

quite

artful

he

is

enough.

Yelwa,

yavana

ke...ko, so long as, ...not

before.

7'., to lose (money, gambling, &c.).

in

until,

The

negative

is

Yemba
Yemba,

(Kib.),?'./., to copulate,
v.t.

used in Kongo when, for emphasis, yavana is placed at the

(Bako.), to steal.
{pi. 8),
7'.,

Yemba

makaka

to laugh

commencement of the sentence; yavana kiayizidi ko kunyambula kakota ko, until I come, do not let him in (///. so long as I have not come or before
I

very heartily. Yendelo, 6, ?;., a means of going,

Yenganana, 7A==zenganana. Yenga-yenga, v,t. ^ lunga-lunga,

App. Yengela, 7'.,
to

come).

be

full to

overflowing,

Yaya,

va.-\-to

be under discussion,

only iised as below

much
Yaya,
6, .,

talked about.

mansanga

'pi.

7,

ma-)

yengela

a cry of exultation. vana e yaya, to utter such a cry. Yayakiana, tJ., to cry, scream, squall
(as

muna meso

an

infant).

yengela became filled with yengela or yo mazi

be
full

meso (ma-) mansanga, the eyes

0?
tears.
{pi. 7),
fat.
?'.,

to

Yayidila, vJ., to show kindness, receive or treat very kindly, cordially.

of

fat,

very

Yengeneka, 7'./.=zengeneka, App. meso {pi. 7), 7^., to look Yengola

longingly
at.

Yayisa,

7^/.,

to

render the subject of

general discussion

&

talk.

Yengoloka,
pre-

7^.,

to

cry out aloud in

Yeboka, 7/j., to be mature, ripe. ke yeboka ko, to be immature,

mature.

song, sing loudly.

Yeno, Yeno,

6, .,

udder.

see ya-,

App.
flow out slowly (as

Yedima,

?'./.,

shine brightly, gleam, to

Yenzomoka,
Yeto,

v.i.,

Yeka Yeka ani=yambula ele, let. Yekama, yekama e nima a kiandu

to lean

be clear as crystal &. bright. (Zombo), 7a, to let, allow.

viscid licjuids).
see ya-, App. Yeva, 7/./.-|-grow stout. Yeza, 7/./.=veza, p. 447. -ayezi, ., see kiezi, App.

(5), ?'./.,

back in one's chair, a euphemism for to die, spoke?i of a great chief vo nuwa e pi-i iyekamene, if you listen, you will hear it (my
walking
clude,
staff)
i.e.

Yi,
-yi-,

12,

;/., dung, excrement. formative prefix of the reflexive

form
ku-.

in

tenses which lose the

Yidi,

6,

;/.,

a foolish person, a

fool,

something),
finis.

lodged (against with this I conto.

useless wight.

Yekama,
Yekola,
Yela,

v.^ to

be subject

<'./'.,

to give up, resign,

hand

kitula e yidi, to make a fool of, to treat as a fool, inhumanly. Yididika, 7/./., to render very bulky. Yididilwa, 7/., to have it grow dark
about one, be benighted, belated, to sit up late, to be benighted mentally, in the dark,

over, betray.
7/.Z.,

to lose (in gambling,

war or

disputes),

(935
Yididilwa, contimied. ignorant about (a matter), in a state of ignorance, to have (a matter) slip from one's mind, to forget (for the time being). Yidima, t/./., to grumble, mutter to
one's self
;

Yiu-YuN
8,
;/.

Yinga,

(Bake), a cyst of measles

//.,

in pork.

Yingalu,

pi.

5,

habit of carrying

things to excess, excess, lack of

self-control,

incontinency,

imlas-

moderation, dissoluteness,
civiousness.

to roar (of the fire

or furnace).

Yisa, Yisu,

v.t.

(Bako.), to cook sufficiently,

Yidimiana, ?'./., to complain, grumble, one against the other. Yidimina, 7'./., to grumble, complain,
mutter one's dissatisfaction about or to (somebody else). Yika, T/.A, to rebuke, also to order,
give instructions
to.

burn.
6,
;/.,

greenness, rawness,

un-

cooked condition. Yitakiana, v.i.^ to be puzzled, at a loss to know how to do or understand something, to be
perplexed.

Yikesa,

z/.A,

to

support
in.

(a

matter),

Yitakianwa,
Yitalala,
to

7/./.,

to be the subject of

second, join

perplexity.
7'./., to be overshadowing, be lowering (of the weather). Yitalela, v.t., to overshadow, enshroud tombe kiyitalela e lekwa yawonso, darkness enshrouds everything. Yiva, 7'./., to be, become bad. Yivisa, 7/./., to vilify, make bad. Yizama, 7'./., to bend, bow down. Yizika, v.t., to bend, bow down. Yo^pl. 6, ;/., heat.
;

Yikilwa, Yikula,
Yilalala,

6,

;/.,

an
to

article {grant.).

v.t.,

add

to,

increase,

qualify {gram.).
v.i.,

to be very bulky.

Yilwa,

Yima

be instructed in the art & mystery of witch doctoring. muna ntima, v.t., to come into one's mind or head (of an idea), to occur to one diyimini
7'./.,

to

l^ft

muna ntima andi,

his head.

it

came
to

into

^^v

^^Primwa muna

ntima,

v.,

have
seize,

^^^

come into one's head. Yimba, ?/./., to pounce upon,

catch.

Yondo, 6,;;., a plumed tuft, a tuft of hair. Yosona, v.t., to beat cruelly. Yovo (=yo ovo) y' ovo, conj., and
that.

Yinda,

be constantly threatening to rain & again clearing a little, be very uncertain (of the weather) explode very to
v.i.,

to

Yovona, v.t, to beat cruelly. Yoya, 7'.z.-fto be unable to do anything further, give way.
&

so

let

things

take their course, to give up,

slowly

&

after

much

fizzing (of

bad gunpowder). Yinda, v.t.^ to compose

poetry,
(Src.)
;

(a

speech,
sing an

also to

ode at the grave of a great man who has been buried some time, begging for blessings in hunting, & presenting the nzabu a menga, p. 406 so to sing a psalm
;

Yoyelo, 6, ;/., weakness. Yukisa, v.t., to render accustomed to, to accustom. Yukwa, 7'., to be used to, accustomed
to.

Yulula,

v.t.

(Bako.)-vilula,
v.i.,

p. 448.

Yulumuka,
Yuna,

to

hang down
cl.
i

to the

ground

(of drapery).
sing., 2,rdpos.

or ode.

deJH.pron.,

Yinduziana,

?'./.,

to consider

one an-

other, to

show each other con-

sideration, respect, to give each

used only after the i yandi verbal particle i, he yuna, it is he 1 mono yuna,
emphatic,
;

the other the preference.

it

is I.

Yun-Zav
Yunga,
8,
;/.

(936)
(Bako.),

the

unicorn

Zamba,

beetle, also other fine metallic-

coloured beetles.

Yutu,

6,

/?.,

a relative.
7/./.+ to

Yutumuka,
robe

wear a training
in great state, to

give a present, pay for performance, pay ferry or passage money. Zamba, 6, ;/., a fringe. Zananana, 2/./., to be held by the exv., to

& come

display like a turkey cock.

to stick far out & only held by the extreme end

treme end,
also to

have a rough,
;z.,

irregular,

untrimmed edge.

Zangama,

6,

the last small

perquisite

"hand"
of the

of plantain or

bananas on a

bunch
Za, dcf. aiix.v.,fiif. conseq.
after,
siibj.^

(the

to

do

past), to then

then (when used of the proceed to wele

;

man who cuts the plantain). Zangananwa ntima (4), v.^ to

troubled in one's mind.

be
re-

kuna, kaza vova

he went there,
;

kwa yau

vo,

Zangata,

v.f.,

that una ezandu baza sumba

hen he said baluaka kima

e ngiilu,

&

spect),

to mention (with name, allude to.

6,
;/.,

Zangikilwa, Zanginika

a stand.
(4),
v.,

ntima

to

be
to

when they reached

pig-

the market,

anxious, troubled in mind,

they then proceeded to buy a

-za
(is

therefore :^bosi).

Jizu
Jesus

make anxious. Zangumuka, v.i.^ to rise, get up (a superior may use this to an inferior, but never vice versa). Zaninika, v.t.^ to hold just at the extreme end, to cause the edge to be rough. e zanu, 6, ;/., the complete absence of all fear or respect, insubor-

wafwa kaza
died

fuluka,

&

rose again.

Zaba,

v.t.^

at

to dip, immerse, & take up once out of the water, bap-

tize.

Zadila,

v.t.^

to throng,
;/.,

crowd about.

Zadi-zadi,

6,

quickness, ability in

dination.

learning.

-nkwa

ntii

learner,

a zadi-zadi, a quick one who soon takes a

fill,

"baka or kitula e zanu, T/./'.=zanuna, App., but may be used with abstract nouns also to
;

thing
Zala,
^'.z.

in.

+to

inside

&

out

completely occupy, (as water in a

to

sunken boat),
pervades zala
all

pervade

Nzambi ozele mwawonso, God

space.
fill

muna,
stance
filled

vd.^ to
;

(of the sub-

have no compunctions in reference to an animal which has used a track so often that it has no longer any suspicion or fear of it is said to kitula e nzila e zanu. Zanuna, v.t., to be no longer afraid

maza mazele muna mbungwa, the water

filling)

/
'

of,
'-

lose all fear with regard to,

lose respect for, to

do as one

the cup.
rise (of the tide).

Zala,

T/.z.

+ to

^''Y^^ likes with. atory idea

An
is

evil or depreci-

always present

Zaluluka,

be filled up comsomething which pletely, of previously had been partly full. Zalulwisa, v.t.^ to fill up something which has been partly filled
v.i.^

to

is used^ never loving confidence ; it cannot be used with abstract nouns.

ivhen

zanuna

Zavuna,
Zavuti,

v.t.,

to bite

&

tear.

6,

;/.,

the rough edge of torn

already.

cloth or of broken wood*

937

Zaw-Zev
v.t.,

Zawulu,
Zaya,

6,

n.

(Bako.), a

spoon (=

Zembeleka,

to drape,

hang

(cur-

zalu).
v. (to
it

tains, flags, &c.).

know), is often used where would be more correct to say

;

Zenga

ntalu
fix

(2), v.,

to agree

upon

or
to

a price.

imagine, conclude, fancy, &c.

i

Zenganana,

nzaya nzeye vo wayele, is why I fancied (knew)

that that

?/./., to be dumbfounded, have not a word to say for one's self, be astonished, as-

you were gone. zaya vo, see under

tounded.
sia, i sia o

Zenganana,

v.i.^

to

be treated with;

zaya
Zayi,
12,
;/.

vo,

& kisamuna,

App.

out respect, profaned

see ze-

nkwa

zayi, a wise person, one of

;

good sense

hence^ a generous

person, // being

assumed that

ngeneka, App. Zengeneka, v.t.^ to nonplus, to leave ...not a word to reply, to leave no room for reply, to dumbfound, astound.

generosity is wisdom.

a means of knowing. Zazana, v.i.^ to bewail, lament with gesticulations of grief, throwing

Zayilu,

6, n.,

Zengeneka,

?/./.,

to treat without the

least respect, to

be utterly

re-

gardless of value, importance

up the hands
self about.

&

knocking one's
ZengO,

or sacredness of things, to profane

6,
;

see

nzengenga, App.

Zatuna, z'Y. + to jerk off. Zazuna, ^./.= zatuna, p. 477 & App. Zeboka, 7/./., to become limp, flabby,
faint,

height (for

wearied,

weak

also to

proper or usual high or low water mark, pitch, highest or lowest pitch, line of limit in height or
.,

the

),

become
Zekana,
v.^

foolish, act like a fool.

depth, the lines of the tropics,

the trajectory of a bullet, the

to strive together in disto

pute,

dispute,

wrangle,

struggle (with a heavy load).

Zengomoka,

Zeke,

6, .

= zieka,
n.^

App.

Zelele, 6,

a mass of people, but used only with vu; thus e VU

proper elevation of a gun. v.i.^ to act madly, like a fool, to become infuriated, to be seized with a frenzy, be carried away, be beside one's
self.

ye zelele kina ko, an immense

host of people were there.

Zenzomoka,
Zepka,
7AZ.,
7/.,

vd.^

to flow

out slowly

Zeloka, 7/., to dismount (from a hammock), to be put down from a nursing sling. Zeloka, v.i.^ to melt (of metals). Zelola, v.t.^ to melt (metals). Zelola, 2/./"., to take out or set down from (a nursing sling). Zelomona, 7/./.+ to melt down.

as thick viscid fluids.

see

zeboka, App.

Zeolola,

to impart, give or

bestow

a small quantity of something of which one has plenty to

another.

Zetona, 2, . (P. azeitona; Heb. zeth or zethan), olive tree, an

olive.

Zembalala,
(as a

T/.z.-fto

hang

helplessly
in

broken limb or
v.i.^

a place

of danger).

Zembama,

be swung or suphammock or on a nursing band, to get into a

to

ported

in

ma zetona, olive oil. Zevo, 6, 71. (Bako.), the chin. ozevo weyi (at the end of the proposition) ///. what about ... then, how much more, much
mazi
;

hammock. Zembeka, v.t., to

a
sling).

carry (an infant in

less omono kwame ovo kilendi kota ko, ongeye ozevo weyi, if I may not enter, much 3 P
;

Zev-Zin
Zevo, continued.
less

(938

you
?)

{lit.

what about you

reliability

in

such

matters

then

hence^ chastity.

Zewoka, Zewuka,
Zeyalala, v.i., to be fastened loosely. Zeyeleka, v.t., to fasten loosely (tie,
nail, braid, &c.).

nkwa

ziku, one who can be relied upon, who is trustworthy.

v.t.^

sia e ziku,

to

make

sure.

-aziku,

a..,

firm, sure, reliable, trust-

worthy, also chaste.

Zeze, 12,

=uzeze
(P.

(App.).
ji.
is

Zikuka,
ac-

v.i..,

to

be at perfection, in

Zi in the Dictionary appears as

Ziaku,

2, n.

the prime of

?),

one who

life, in the flower of one's age, to be at one's best,

cursed.

Ziatalala,

?/./.,

to

hang

closely, tightly,

to or from, hold on tightly, to be fastened (upon), to be severe, unsparing toward. Ziatidika, v.t., to fasten... (upon), to cause to be severe, &c., as

be perfect, in one's zenith, to have completed one's education, be very clever. Zikuka, 9, n., the prime of life, the
flower of one's age, perfection.

Zikula,

v.t.,

to

come

to the point or

the crux or to business, to treat

ver, to

above.
Ziatidila,
v.i.^

to fasten (itself upon).

the principal matter of a palasay what one wants to

say,
to

Zieke,

6, .,

a plant of the order of

Its

bring
one's

to

perfection,

the musaceae (Strelitzia). leaves

maturity,

know

thoroughly,
plans,
satisfull

branch from a subterraneous root-stock, and there It is no stem of any kind. bears a banana-like fruit full
of seed.

bring
factory

studies,

hopes, &c., to a
;

Zietakana,

v.i..,

to

be entirely
to

for-

gotten.

Zietakanwa,

v.i..,

recollection
forgotten.

of,

to

have lost all have entirely

end e kifwalansa kiandi, he has perfected his French se tuzikula makani meto, let us now accomplish our plans ekoko diame dizikwidi kokola, my fowl is a full-blown
;

and ozikwidi

rooster
to

(is in full

crow).

Zieziana,

v.i..,

be off the track,

give evasive an-

Zikumuka,
Zikwa, 6, Zimbula,

v.,

to rush along, whirl (as^

wander
Ziezianisa,
swers,

blindly. to

a whirlwind or wheel).
7t.,

v.t.,

burial, funeral.
to
find,

to

put

on
to

the

wrong
road.

v.t.,

find out,

dis-

track, to

show the wrong

(2), 2/.,

cover.

Zika ye nzala
starve.

be hungry,
v.i.,

Zinaziana
Zindalala,

moyo
v.i.,

(3),

v.,

to

long

ardently for each other.

Zikamena

itnid.

of zikidila),

to

to

be
on,

persistent,

be shut in or out, excluded. Ziki-ziki, 6, ;?., a special pointing

indication,
cation.

patiently
out,

plod

persevere,

obstinately hold on, endure.

means of
indicative,

identifi-

Zinga,

6, n.,

a hole or pool

left

by a
(as

-aziki-ziki,

adj.,

demonindicate,

strative.

low water. Zingidilwa, v.i., to be in trouble a mourner).

river at

Zikinisa,

v.t..,

to

specially

Zingila,

v.i.,

to last a long while, con-

point out.

tinue,

endure, remain,
(at

remain

Zikn,

6,

+ reliability,

also faithful-

long

a place).
or remain alive in

ness to one's marriage vows,

zillga=to

live

939

ZiN-ZUM

Zingila, continued.
]

use

or without

wearing out

zingila, to last long.

Zingnla e efundu

^^m

^^^B ^^^Iguluka,

(8), v., to present a contribution at the enshrouding of a corpse.

6, ., load, burden, charge. Zitnka, t/./.-j-to assume a healthy appearance (of an ulcer). Zinngana, v.i. (Bako.), to be stirred,

Zitn,

as

twisted round.

Ziungasa,
-azizi, a.

v.t.

(Bako.), to stir a pot,

v.i.^

to last, endure, stay

to twist round.

^^H
Zinwa

(a

tarry, live a

long time), be a long time, long time.

ntima
Zizi,
6,

(4) azizi,

a patient, plodding

moyo
for

(3),

v.,

to
,

be very
to

disposition.
., appearance, face, countenance.

wishful

or to
to

desire
for
ar-

earnestly
dently.

to,

long

Zizila,

v.-\-\.o

bear

stoically, patiently.

Ziola,

smooth out a crease. When a Kongo has been carrying a heavy weight for a long while, on arriving at a haltingplace he will lie on the ground to undergo an operation of "massage" or shampooing d,
v.t.,

to

Zo,

6, n.,

a single plant.

Zoba-zoba, 6, ;?.=nkenka, p. 494. -azoko-zoko, ., perforated or bored

in

many

places.

Zolela,

6, n.

kuna

own free

zolela,

adv.,
will.

voluntarily,

of

mode J he gets a man to walk slowly up and down on his back as he lies, and to press all the muscles. This is ziola, ** to take out the creases." His head and upper part of the body is next bent back as far as possible, and all the "creases" being taken out,
la

Zolelwa,
to

v., to be wanted, demanded, be obliged to (do something)

ezono yazolelo
terday
Zolesela,
v.,
I

kwenda,
to

yes-

had

to go.

to

require,

desire

nnzolesele kenda, he wanted or required him to go. Zongela, v.t.., to sell retail (of dry

measure goods).
Zongolo, 6, n., a ring (circular mark), a round hole.

the

patient

feels

refreshed,

and takes a quiet nap.

Ziongola,
v.t.,
v.t.^

to find, see.

Zonzomoka,
best to

v.i.,

to

poke

out,

stick

Ziongola,

to

do one's
ig,

ascertain

somethi

mvesti-

gate, scrutinize.

Ziongola,
Ziotola,
Ziotola,

-z/./.,

to

v.t.^
z/./.,

to

make a round hole. want very much,

some
also
to

of a point only. -azowa, a., fooHsh, absurd (of matters, &c., not people, which takes -ezowa). Zubana, t'.z., to be much distressed,
out, protrude,

to bring up, revive

troubled, intensely grieved.

mention, speak of or about, not used of or to one's betters.

affair,

old

Zudika,
Zllka,

v.,

to

cause to stand

quite

still.

6, .,

sum loaned on
8), v.,

interest,

Ziotolola,

v.t.,

to say over

and over
one's

a loan.

again, not used of or to

betters.

Znka
Zula,

matadi {pL
6, n.

to stone.

(from the root of zudika,

Zita,

v.i.,

to

be honoured, respected,

to mass), a nation, a great fol-

honourable.
Zitalala, 7/./.=zindalala, App.

lowing.

Zitu, 12, .

Zulama, v.i., Zumbalala,

to stand quite
v.i.,

still.

to

stand

still

in

kubikila

zitn

(12), v., to

prepare

frightened perplexity
hension.

&

appre-

for the reception of a guest.

ZUM-ZWA
Zumbi,
6,
.,

940
luck,

good

fortune,

Zungana,

chance.

tions
to

Zumbidika,
still,

7/./.,

cause to stand

go about in all direcone searching for something lost).

v.i.^

(as

as above.
6,

Zungumuka,
by one
in

v.i.-V\.o

twist aside, be
to the other

Zumbulu,

n.,

the whirling past of

distorted,

go over
to

things seen

rapid

side

<?r

party.

motion, parallax.

Zuninika,

v.t.^

hang (something)

Zumbululu,
above.

6,

;?.,

intensive form of

down
Zunu,
13, .

(from).

Zumbuluka,
crazed

v.i.,

to

be

worried or

yaka
Zuwana,

zunu,

to catch

any one up

with

duties, to
in

many cares & have " too many irons

to

in his speech.
?/./., to be going about, very busy, bustling about also to
;

the

fire,''

be

full

of

cares.

be rapidly revolving
to

mu

zu-

Zunanana,
Zundalala,

v.i.^
v.i.,

hang down

(from).

wana, adv.^
Zuzuna,
v.t.,

in rapid revolution.

to stand high up,

be

to pull

&

break

(a rope

prominent.

or chain).

Zundidika,

v.t, caus.

of above.
district.

Zwabula,

Zunga,

6, n.^

the surrounding country,

v.t., to scourge, lash, beat (with a rope, thong, lash, rod

the neighbourhood, a

or small thin

stick).

Butler

&

Tanner, The Selwood Printing Works, Frome, and London.

WORDS ACQUIRED TOO LATE FOR

ENGLISH-KONGO.
And,
see nsangi, in late words.

INSERTION.

Announce, ^./.,zangata,talalakesa. Announced, be, v.i., talalakiana. Annoyed, be, v.i., flsima.
Ants, a nest
of, .,

Enjoy, v.t., fwanda. Especially, adv., ng^tu. Except, prep., ngatu. Excessively, see yavana,
words.

in

late

ezunzu,
nsangi,

8.

Appearance,

w.,

tongameno,

6.

As

well

as,

see

in

late

Filth, to remove,

v.t.,

kokomona.

words.

Fold

of cloth

worn

in front (long), n.,

Aside, adv., muna mpeko (2). Astride, stand, v.i., tamanana.

mbeka, 2. Foreign lands, n., wa-ya-wa.

Foster,
v.t.,

tongona.
n.,

Beat time (in Breathless

Bribe,
n.,
(2).

klima. impatience, ., esakamusic),

v..,

Grief, hopeless,
8)
;

manienge

{pi.

maniota

{pi. 8).

nzimbu

(2),

za

mfwanda
Helmia
bulbifera, ., esoko, 8.
v.t.,

Burn fiercely, 7/./., sesoka. But (except), conj., ngatu.

By, see ntente, in late luords.

Hold
If not,

up,

zangata.

conj.,

ngatu.
v.t.,

Interpret,
Carelessly, act, v.t., pampalakesa. Carry, v.t., kankula. Cave, ., mvungu, 4. Cloth, the long front fold of a, n.,
nkonzi,
a.
4.

saula.

Itch,

v.i.,

fisima.

Joint,

.,

eyiku,

8.

Knead,

v.t.,

kandula.

Combined with,/r^^,
Couple

mu nsangi

(2)

(of living creatures only), .,

4.
(2).

nzole,

Cruelly, act, v., ta e nto Cruelty, ., nto, 2. Curse, ., mbaza, 2.

Larynx, ., dinga-dinga, 6 (Bako.). Law, to break a, v., piampialakesa. Likeness, ;/., tongameno, 6. Listen eagerly, v., zakidika matu
ipl- 9).

Lounge

about,

v.,

sendomoka.

Day by day, adv., nkusn Kiingyende, lumbn ntente.

'Declare,
v.t.,

Martyr's death, Mistake, make

kesa.

to die, v.,
a,
v.,

kankuka.

piampiala-

zangata.

Delight
Die
in
in

in, v.t.,

fwanda.
7/./.,

Muscle,
lalumuka,

n.,

ngumbe,

2.

great numbers,

lakumuka.
consequence of one's devotion,

Need

(have a use

for,

need
(4)
;

of),

?/.,

vwa
iikinzi

mfunu
(4).

vwa

kankuka.

3^1

Nor-Eyi
Nor,
conj.,

942

ngatu.
evens, the

Odds and
Opposite
Pair,
.,

game

of,

n.^

Stop, continued. at, make no further progress in what one is doing, v.t., kumina.

etoka, 8 (Bako.).
side, the, .,

S irength,
2.

.,

nasi,

4.

mpiluku,

mb&di, 2. Patiently, adv.,

mbwiswa

(4)

Taunt, v., landa mambu {pi. 7). Tell (relate), v., talalakesa. Thoughtlessly, act, v.t., pampala-

moyo

(3).

Perhaps, adv., ngatu. Perish in great numbers,

TlME
v.i.,

(in drill),
v.i.,

lalu-

mark kuma.

beat

(in music),

muka, lakumuka. Pleasure in, take, v.t., fwanda.

Proclaim, v.t., zangata. Provoke, v.t., saka.
Rear,
v.t.,

Together
a.

with, prep.,

mu nsangi (2)

Told, be (related), v.t., talalakiana. Toss up the folds of cloth in front of

one,
in

dancing,
(2),

v.,

bala

tongona.

mbeka
2.

or
(4)-

nlamvu

(4),

Reverse

side, .,

mpiluku,
w.,

or

nkonzi

Shoulder,
5.

top of the,

kinsunsu,

Translate, v.t., saula. Troubled, be, v.i., fisima.

Truthful
{pi-

person,
5).

n.,

nkwa

yeleka

Similarity,
2

tongameno, 6. Small-pox, n., mpimbidi-mbukidi,

n.,

(Bako.);kinsumbu, 5 (Bako.). Smegma preputii, ;/., womvo, 12. So, C071J., dianu vo, diau vo, ozevo.

Turns, take (stop v., kumana.

Unless,
conj.,

for

one another),

Sorrow,

Uttermost,
words.

see

ngatu. yavana,

in

late

ngunda, 2. without hope, manienge, pi. 8 maniota, pi. 8. Spell (evil influence), ., mbaza, 2.
.,

Warm

(of fluids), a.,

lolo.

-ankinzi-ampo-

Spot, one of a series of nono, 6.

tiny,

;/.,

no-

Watch

suspiciously,
v.t.,

Welcome,
?/.,

v.t., konda. niengenena.

Stand

astride, v., tamanana. Stop doing (not used of motion), kuma.

Yam, Helmia

bulbifera, n., esoko, 8.

Year by

year, adv.,

mvu ntente.

KONGO-ENGLISH.
Bala
e

mbeka

(2),

or

nlamvu
to toss

has become hard and dry,

(4),

it is

or

nkonzi

(4), v.,

up

called

mbola
8,

(2).

the folds of cloth in front of

one, in dancing.

Esaka-saka,
Esoko,
8,

.,

breathless

ima
its

patience.
n.,

Helmia

bulbifera,

Dianu

vo, conj.
conj.

+ so.
.,

species of yam, which bears

Diau vo,

+ so.
the larynx.
that which sticks to

Dinga-dinga,*6 (Bako.),

Ekokola,
is

8,

n.,

the pot,

when cassava pudding

cooked.

When

the ekokola

tubers on its vine above the ground the wild variety is not good for food. Etoka, 8 (Bako.), ., the game of odds and evens. Eyiku, 8, ., a joint.
;

943

Ezu-Nka
2, .,

Ezunzu,
Fisima,

8, .,

a nest of ants.

Mbeka,

the fold of cloth (long)

front.

worn
v.i.^

in

to itch,

be troubled, anpleasure

(This word those

is

used

noyed.

in reference to

much
adv,,

Fwanda,
in,

respected.)
to enjoy, take
;

v.t.^

delight in

ke fwandanga
ko, he does not

mbwiswa
Mfanu,
4,
;/.

(4)

a moyo

(3),

madia mandi
enjoy his food.

patiently.

vwa
for,

mfunu,
need of
;

7/. -I-

to

have a use
be of use,

Kandula,

ta/.,
?/./.,

to knead.
to die in

also^ to

Kankuka,

consequence of one's devotion, to die a martyr's death.

v.t.,

useful

mpwidi
I

lekwa kiaki

thing

mfunu, have need of this e lekwa kiaki kivwidi

;

Kankula,
Eieleka,

to carry.

5,

;;.

mfunu kikilu, this thing very useful.

truthful per-

is

nkwa

yeleka {pl\ a
5, n.

Mfw^anda,

2,

n. bribe.

son.

nzimbu za mfwanda, a
(Bako.), small-pox.

Kinsumbu,
KinSTinsu,
der.
-

Monzi,

3, n.
2,

(Bako.), the penis.

5, .,

the top of the shoul-

Mpeko,

.,

the side (of a path)

ankinzi

ampololo,
v.t.,

a.,

warm

(of

bank (of a river). muna mpeko, adv.^ on one

aside.

side,

fluids).

Kokomona,
Eonda,
?/./.

-f-to

Kuma,

v.i.,

to remove filth. watch suspiciously. to stop doing (not used of

Mpiluku,

2, .,

the reverse, the oppo-

site side.

motion).

Mpimbidi-nibukidi, 2, n. (Bako.), (I swelled and burst), small-pox;

also^

Kuma,

7/./.,

to

mark time
to

(in drill), to

beat time (in music).

Kumana,

v.t.,

stop (doing some-

a sickness resembling an attenuated form of small-pox chicken-pox (?).

;

thing,
other,

not
to

give

motion) for each each other a

Mvungu,

4, .,

a cave.

Mwalakazi,

chance, take turns.

Kumina,

v.t.^

to stop at,

making no
what one
is

+ one who evidences tender affection, as a mother towards her child (walakazi).
3, n.

further progress in

doing.

Nasi,

4, .,

strength.
unless,
if

Kusn,

6,

.=lTikusu
to

Ngatu,
(p. 328).

conj.^
;

not.

except,

Lakumiika,Y'z^-z.,

perish,

die

in

ng&tu kenda, unless he goes ngatu ngeye, except you.

but
;

Lalumuka, j great numbers. Landa mambu {pi. 7), v. \- to

Manieilge,~)/J/.
8,
;/.,

Ngfttu,
taunt.

conj., especially

after

tive,

nor

ngatu
;

a negangeye,

especially you.

sorrow,

hope-

Ngfltu, adv., perhaps

to-day.

Maniota,

less grief,

sorrow with-

kekwiza, perhaps he

ngatu unu will come

out hope.

Mbadi,

2,

;/.,

things
pairs).

a pair, a couple (of which always go in

curse, or spell, or
influence,
to

Ngumbe,
Ngunda,

2, .,
2, .,

a muscle.
sorrow.
to welcome.

Niengenena,

v.t.,

Mbaza, 2, ., a some evil

causes one
trouble.

Nkamba,

4, n.

which
in

be

always

yika nkamba, v., to join in a crowd of onlookers or participants.

Nko-Zan

944

Nkonzi, 4, //., the fold of cloth (long) worn in front, Nkusu mingyende, adv., day by day. Nonono, 6, ?z., a small spot, amo7ig

Talalakesa,
late.

v.t.,

to announce,

tell, re-

Talalakiana,

v.i.,

to

be announced,

told, related.

many such; pL,

number

of

small spots aggregated.

Tamanana, v.i., Tongameno, 6,

Tongona,
v.t.,

to stand astride.
71.,

an
bring

appearance,
up,
rear,

Nsangi, 2, ;/., a mixture. mu nsangi a, prep., together with, combined with, as well as, and. Ntka, 4, ., a descendant. Nteka, 2, .=ntekela (p. 898). Ntente, 2, n. lumbu ntente, adv., day by day. mvu ntente, adv., year by year.
NtO, 2, 71., cruelty. ta e nto, v., to act cruelly. Nzole, 4, 71., a couple, two (of nouns or living of the 1st class,
creatures only).

similarity, likeness.

to

foster.

Vodia,//.

6, n.
v.,

langa

e vodia,

stop your noise

(an insolent expression).

Wa-ya-wa,

pi.

6, ., (foreign

or

far-

offlands.

Womvo,
Yavana,

12,

;/.,

smegma

preputii.

adv., to
;

the uttermost, ex-

cessively
sion,

a7i elliptical expres-

\xx\\\\...,

Pampalakesa,

v.t.,

to act

i7ig the e7id

carelessly,

without 7nentionor possibility ; kunot

until
I

thoughtlessly.

ndekena yavana ko, do

provoke

Piampialakesa,

v.t.,

to

break a law,

me

can

no

make a
Saka,
Saula,
v.t.,
v.t.,

mistake.

longer restrain myself.

Zakidika
to provoke. to interpret, translate.

matu

{pi. 9), v.t., to di-

rect the ears, listen eagerly (to

Sendomoka, v i.,
Sesoka,
z'.z.,

to lounge about.
fiercely.

good news only). Zangata, v.t., to hold

up, announce,

to

bum

proclaim, declare.

t
A

PPENDIX
TO THE

GRAMMAR AND SYNTAX

946

pronounced as
houses, not

w before
ezole.

it,

which

is

never the case

it is

always nzo zole, two

is

nzw

This principle is seen in other cases also, when a final before a word having a consonant initial ; thus
:

pronounced as

Mwana-zumba, a

bastardy

is

pronounced mwane-znmba.

e FINAL.

does not elide before a word having an initial e. The only exception to this rule are the monosyllables se, ne, nze, ke, ye, and e standing alone as a Particle, these do elide before a and e also the e final of eS8, a father, elides before the initial a and e of the Personal Pronouns.
final
;

anunu, asumuki, S' ekwendanga, N' esi nsi ame, N' akw' ame, K' akw' ame ko, K' evata diame ko,
S'

they are

now

old,

for se

S'

they are nozu sinners,

he

is goi7tj(,

se se

like 7ny

countrymen,

my people, not my people, not my town,

like
to his father,

,,

anunu. asumuki. ekwendanga. ne esi nsi ame. ne akwa ame. ke akwa ame ko. ke evata diame ko.

Kw'

es'

andi,

kwa

ese andi.

-se FINAL.

-se final, in nouns,

is

often pronounced as shi, in

e.

some

districts,

when

fol-

lowed by an

initial

a or

their presence, Ndoshi au, Munshi ame, my sugar-cafie,

for

ndose au.

munse ame.

e INITIAL.

initial elides after

the Article o, vvhich

it is

is

sometimes placed before

it,

in

treating the

Noun

of which

the initial as a
:

Noun

of the First Class.

'yakala (eyakala)
'zina (ezina)
:

the man.

the corpse, thus euphemistically spoken of final of konso, any (except the e of
esi),

initial also elides

after the

and

after the \ final

^mwisi, an
Konso Konso Mwisi Mwisi

itihabitant.

'vata 'yakala 'vata

: :

any town. any man.

a

man

of the town.

'kanda

one of the clan.

initial elides after

the Personal Pronouns, a7id the Demonstrative Prono-

minal Particles

and n.
he, the dumb man. Oyandi 'baba Omono 'kesa diandi I, who am one of his you, young man. Nge 'toko my own town. Ediame 'vata
: :
:

Pers. Pron.

soldiers.

Pos. Pron.

Ediaku 'buluku Ediandi 'meme

Edieto 'sikilu
:

your own donkey.

his sheep.

our drum.

: :

947

Edieno 'sau Ediau 'yembe

:

your
:

ferry.

their pigeon.
for

fern.

Pronl. Parts.

Eadi u 'baba
I 'vata didi
:

you are dumb.

this is the town.

^r, ifj

initial

elide after the Locative, OVO,

does not elide after the Conjunction OVO, on (second pos.).

although

it

does

Ovo 'teva diaku Ovo evata dikweme

:

on your mat.
:

if

the town

is

burnt.

INITIAL.
the verb in the second and third pers. sing.) elides after the Demonstrative Pronominal Particle i and se.
initial (prefix to

mbazi why you must go to-morrow. Mfumu yandi kibeni i 'singa kwiza The Lord Himself shall come.
I 'kwendel' o

That

is

Owau se 'tinini Now he has run away. Owau se 'vovele wo Now you have said Owau se 'men' e mpasi Now you will have trouble.
it.

Yandi

'vitidi e

lekwa yawonsono
all things.

He was
final in

before

FINAL.
the Objective Pronouns, mio, kio, dio, fio (that
i),

is

to say, in those

compounded with
tion, e.

elides before the Interrogative

and Impatient

Interject

Nga sumba nsumba

Shall
I

ki' e
1

buy

it

then

Unu
Shall

we

tukesa mi' e ? fell them to-day

fi'

Nusolwele

?
.'*

Have you found

Hold
it

it

Ozevo simbadi'
then
!

e!

In the case of the other Objective Pronouns

it

does not

elide.

Ouata zo

Will you carry them

Mbonga lo e ? May I take it

FINAL.
final in

'i

yo

elides before the prefix o of

Pronouns.
:

Y'

omame masa mpe And my corn too.

948

Euphonic Influence.

A further instance
found
in the

instead

word ofmenina.

of the remote euphonic influence noted on page 525 is menena, Apphed Form of -ina, to be, 3rd pers. pi. 8th class,

mankondo mama,

adieyi

menena

e
.?

mbwaki
(p.

Why
Its natural

are these plantains red

form would be ma-inina, which contracts

524) into

menina

but the resultant e of the prefix me- causes a further change, and the second i becomes e, menena ; so that Euphonic law reduces ma-inina to menena. In some Bantu languages, such as Se-Chuana, the consonantal and other

changes due to Euphony are Kongo.

far

more numerous and complicated than

in

Contractions.
There are a few well-known contracted words among the Bantu languages, such as nkento, a wo7najt, from nkazi ntu, or nkazi muntu, which is found as omukazendu in Herero (Damara-land). Nkuliintu, an elder, from nkulu-muntu, is another instance the irregular
;

accent being thus accounted

for.

Nzo, a house, is found as ndaku in the language of the Bangala (Ba-iboko). Otherwise there is not much evidence of contraction in Kongo words. There are a few instances of such influence at work on reduplicated words thus, e kamba-kamba, borne by many, is found also as e kakamba. The Bakongo also often contract in the case of reduplicated numerals thus they will say ta-tatu instead of tatu-tatu, three each; and ZO-zole for zole; ;

zole,

two each, and so on. Nondno, a number of tiny

spots, is

a contraction of nono-nono, from nona,

to

pick up.

THE NOUN.
Derivative Nouns.
[p. 533.]

The Twelfth
Form
of the

Derivative.
(luvangu)] meaning.
is

When
When

the Simple

Verb

[ltl.,.u

the basis of the

construction of this Derivative,

it

it is

active in

its

formed from the Applied Form of the Verb[lu...ilu (luvangilu)] passive meaning it may, however, be so formed to convey the idea of the Applied Form, and indicate a means of accomplishing.
is

the

Noun has a

Simple Form. Applied Form.

of the Applied

Luvangu

the manufacture,
:

Luvangilu

the manufacture,

how they make. how it is made.

or with the sense

The Eleventh Derivative denotes a manner^ an act, a doing; Form, what it is miide for. The Twelfth Derivative, a process, or a purpose for which.

nth

Der.

i2th Der.

Mpanga Mpangwa Luvangu

:

a making. a being made.

the process of making. the process of being made, or the purpose for

Luvangilu
which
Often
it is

it is

made

(the being

made

for).
is

not possible to trace these ideas, and where this form

used,

it

appears to be adopted as a convenient form to express the abstract idea of the general performance of the action indicated by the root. The eleventh would indicate a specific act the twelfth the act generally.
;

The Fifteenth
The
Prefixes ki-

Derivative.

sometimes by some word or clause in such case the Prefix is not applied to the qualifying word or clause. Thus, from mbuta a makesa, captain of soldiers, comes kimbuta a makesa, a captaincy of soldiers, not kimbuta kia makesa, which would mean
in the construction of this form, are

and u- used

necessarily applied to a
;

Compound Noun,

or to a

Noun

qualified

the captaincy

of soldiers
;

in

another sense, namely, the superiority of soldiers

over ordinary civilians

to

so that in this instance,

mbuta a makesa

is

the idea

which the ki- is to be applied, so mbuta- a-makesa is treated as a Compound Noun, and receives its Prefix accordingly. Any further qualifying word
receives the Prefix also.
'

E kimbuta-a-makesa kiame kikatwilu: My captaincy has been taken away.

Eimwana-a-Nzambi kiandi:
His Sonship with God.
This construction
"
is

further referred to in this Appendix, in the Syntax, under

The

Subject,

Compound Nouns."

950

The Seventeenth Derivative.

The
Prefix
fi- is

applied to any Prefix of the

Noun
leaf.

to

which

it is

applied.

Filukaya Fikinkutu Fidinkondo

: :

a tiny

a tiny coat.
:

a tiny plantain.

The Twenty-first

Derivative.

This Derivative, which follows properly on the Seventh, is formed by adding ilu, elo, inu, or eno to the Verb Stem, according to its Conjugation. It expresses, not the thing which was the instrument of the performance of the action, as the Seventh does, but the means^ opportunity, circumstances, excuse, reason, manner, and method. This Derivative is a sixth class Noun.

Baka,
Vova,

to catch
to

Kwenda,

go
;

to say

bakilu, an opportunity or excuse for catching. yendelo, a reason for going. VOVelo, a chance or reason for saying.

Classification of Nouns.

Nouns bearing first class Nouns

the Prefix ne-, retain either their original class, or

;

thus,

from

nunu
first

(cl. 4),

and 4), a very old man, or as a or akinenuuu.

class

become dn old man, comes, nenunu (cl. i Noun making its plural in anenunu,

Formation of the Plural.

mu-, which make the Plural in miu-, are accented on the u of the mu-, because the u is radical, hence also its persistence in the Plural. The rule therefore stands thus All Nouns in mu-, which take the accent on the mu-, form the Plural in miu-. The instances quoted on page 546 will serve to illustrate this. Mungula, warmth, might be expected to take its accent on the second syllable as though mungula, but as the accent is on the first syllable, it is clear that the u is radical, and that the word is a contraction of mu-f-imgnla, and its Plural is therefore iniH-lingula=inilingula.

Nouns

in

Reduplicated Nouns.
in the formation of the Diminutive forms, the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Derivatives, is explained on pages 535-537. Nouns are also reduplicated to give a partitive idea thus, mbele, a knife; mbele-

The Reduplication

of

Nouns

mbele, a knife

each.

Babakidi kimbundi-kimbundi They received each of them a piece of cloth.

Ubavana mbele-mbele ye mpu-mpu

Give them each a knife and a
hat.

ADJECTIVES.
On
page 563, under the word -nkwa, possessing, havings some sentences are
;

while they are useful for given illustrating the usage and concord of the word that purpose, they are inappropriate, for -nkwa is only used where the possession is an acquirement, or a changed condition, and not an original or normal

whose hair has was once of another colour but it is not correct to speak of black people as akwa ndombe, for that is their normal colour, and as there is no change in that respect, nkwa or akwa cannot be
condition or possession.

So that

it is

correct to speak of those

become grey

as

akwa mvu,

for their hair

used.

So, too, the sentences as to black-haired goats,

and white-flowering
scarcely be

trees are
;

inappropriate for the

same reason, such being

for

their natural condition

akwa

nzala is a correct expression, normal condition.

that should

a permanent or

Quantitative Adjectives.
[p. 564.]

-ingi, -ayingi.

When
Nouns
agree,

-ingi and ayingi are used intensively or emphatically without the they qualify, they take the Prefix proper to the Noun with which they
to that, the Article, in all but the
first class.

and prefaced
Class
2

Sing.

eyingi

eyayingi
Pltir.

3&4 owingi owayingi

emingi emiayingi
12

5&6
ekingi ekiayingi
ejringi

7&8
edingi ediayingi

okwingi okwayingi

ezingi

ezayingi
Clas f
10

eyayingi
13

omengi omayingi
14

omengi omayingi
15

&

II

Sing
Plur.

oluingi oluayingi

owingi owayingi
owingi owayingi

owingi owayingi

ovingi

efingi

ovayingi

efiayingi

otwingi otwayingi

omengi omayingi

omwingi omwayingi

Konso ona obakidi eyingi: Any one who has obtained many.

Awana balongwa omayingi

{or

omengi)

Those who were taught many

things.

Ovo bawidi edingi:

If they
[p. 565.]

heard much.

-awonso, -awanso. -awonsono, -awansono.

whole of them, all of them, the
lot,

all,

every, every one, each, each one, the

the

whole.

: :

: :

952

These Adjectives are derived from the root onso, and might perhaps be more properly written -au onso, as in the case of the other word for a//, -au ekuln.
All the things
:

lekwa yau ekuln, or lekwa yau

onso.

The form awonso

has, however, been preferred.

This derivation accounts for an apparent irregularity in these Adjectives from onso for when used in the singular, as an equivalent of the whole^ only the Secondaiy Form is used.
;

E nzo yawonso [or yan eknln) nsongonia nkntn The whole house was nothing but driver ants (full of them). nti wawonso uwnmini: The whole tree is dry. The plural of the Secondary Form being identical with the plural
Primary Form,
this

of the
is

distinction

in

the plural
in

is

not noticeable
i, 2, 3,

it

only

apparent in the singular, and even then only

In the Secondary

Classes
first

and

4.

Form
;

of the plural of the

class there are

two forms,
first class,

awonso, or yawonso
but
it

the

is

not characteristic of the plural of the

is

clearly

yau

onso, and goes to further establish the above conclusion

as to the derivation of -awonso.

wantu awonso

bazolele

kwenda:
:

All the people want to go.

Yawonso akwa masumu

All are guilty.

Konso, any^

each^

is

most probably derived from the same

Eibeni.

root,

onso

being

a contraction of ku-onso.

Kibeni must be classed as an Indeclinable Adjective

its

prime sense

is,

usual, ordinary, customary, in general use, regular, normal.

mvwatn
The ordinary

kibeni
clothing.

Nwiza mnna lumbu kibeni kia nlongo: Come on the regular day for medicine.
This
is

I etona kibeni dia wivwa wan the normal colour of these mushrooms.
it is

When

used with the Personal Pronouns,

expressed in English by the

Suffix -self, or with the Possessive

Pronouns by own.

Kwiza kekwiza yandi kibeni He himself is coming.

Yeno kibeni nuvovele wo: You, your own selves said so.

nzo andi kibeni mpe ividi His own house too is burnt.
nlele

Bakutumwini

ame kibeni
cloth.

They took away my own

There
is

is

Secondary Numerals, Demonstrative Form. Demonstrative Form of the Secondary Numerals from
its

made by

prefixing the Article (proper to

class) to the

1-9, which Secondary Form

;

::

953

the sense thus imparted

is

that of the emphasized Definite Article before a

:

Numeral,

in

English

thus
zole

Primary.
Secondary.

Nzo

Zizole

zambote zambote
:

Two good houses. Two are good or^

;

Demonstrative.^^^^^^^^
Secondary.
\

zambote: C^^^
(.

two good ones. or, the two good ^^ ^'^ ^^

5

ones.
initial,
;

When
vowels,

the Article

w
i.

is applied to Prefixes having a vowel or y, intervene between the Article and the Prefix

the Semi"U,

w before

and

before

+ imosi becomes

e+itatu o + utanu

eyimosi, eyitatu,

one of them, the one.

three of them, the three,
five of

owutanu,

them, the

five.

Muna nkombo

zame, bonga
goats, take

zizole, ezizole

zakondwa

mpaka,

ke zau ko

From among my

two

the two without horns, not those.

Ke

tusolwele e lekwa
all

yaku yawonso i yau yiyi

ko, kansi eyitanu oyikidi,

We have not found

The sense
form.

your things, but here are the

five
is

you mentioned.

of a certain (one, two, &c.) in particular^

also implied

by

this

Twele ye

We
Muna

mfumu eyimosi, Kumpaya: went with a certain chief (named) Kumpaya.

evata edimosi mubwidi e diambu dia kutuliikisa: Something happened in a certain town to warn us.

dinkondo edimosi:

certain plantain.

muntu omosi: A certain man.

In the case of the Numerals from lo upwards, the Numerals mentioned become Nouns, and precede.

makumole

ma wantu: The 2o men.

mazunda mole ye nkama tatu za ngombe kafutiswa: The 2,300 cattle which he had to pay.
nzole.

There is another secondary form of the Numeral two, in the ist class, It is also used of living nzole, a couple, two J it is a noun of the 4th class.
creatures.

nzole

wina muna nzo wan:

are in the house now.
in joining

Two
[p. 572.]

Ye and yo

Numerals.

The Conjunctions used

in joining tetts^ hutidreds,

yo, according to the class of the

Numerals bearing the Prefixes

and thousands, are ye and Numeral following. The ye before the ma- and lu-, on pp. 572 and 573, are errata.
153 stones.

Matadi nkama yo makumatanu yo mematatu:

THE PRONOUN.
[p. 578.]

Subjective Pronominal Prefixes.

FIRST PERSON SINGULAR.

The
nasal,

Subjective Pronominal Prefix of the

first

m or n, in the
and

present indefinite indicative

it is

person singular is the heavy but in the present perfect ;

light

indicative

future indefinite subjunctive,

the

nasal.

Pres. indef. indie.

Pres. perf. indie.

Fut. indef. subj.

nyambula, nwanda,
nlanda, nata,

I I

leave
strike

ngyambwidi, ngwende,
;

I left
I

struck

ngyambula, ngwanda,
;

that
that

I
I

I I

follow

ndende,
ndete,

followed
carried
;

ndanda,
ndata,

that
that

carry

I I

I
I

nsumba,

buy

nsumbidi,

bought

nsumba,

that

may leave, may strike. may follow. may carry, may buy.

In applying the Pronominal Prefix of the ist person singular to the Adjective (see p. 578), there are two forms in the Negative, kianene ko, and ki wanene ko, / am not great.

THIRD PERSON SINGULAR AND PLURAL. The

ptural
Prefixes, e-

so also a;

and ke-, of the 3rd person singular, are used indiscriminately, and ka- but e- is also an alternative of be- in the 3rd person
;

so

is

a- of ba-.
;

It follows,

then, that the shortest forms of the singular

and
the

plural are identical

full

this is confusing,

and

it is

therefore advisable to use

forms, ke-, ka-, be-, ba-, to avoid all obscurity, and especially so since 1 1 these forms are used much more widely through the country. is true that

ka-, Positive, is identical with the ka- of the Unnatural Negative (p. 607) but there is an accent on the latter ka-, which effectively distinguishes it.

Kavila, he perished
It is

kavila, that he

may

not perish.

necessary to choose between the forms in adopting a style, and the full forms are preferable for the above reasons they are, however, used indis;

criminately, in the

same sentence, by the natives of San Salvador and

its

neighbourhood.

THIRD PERSON SINGULAR,

6-

OR

ka-.

page 647 it is noted that when a personal subject, or its pronoun, is m'entioned immediately before a Verb in the third person, the Pronominal ^?' (before a vowel) when the subject is not mentioned immediPrefix is ately before the Verb, and the Prefix is its only representative, ke-, e-, ka-, or

On

a-

is

used.

This

may

serve as a general rule, but further study reveals the following

rules.

more precise

The

Prefix 0- or

w-

(before a vowel), or u- immediately

:: :

: : :: : :

(955
before an Objective

Pronominal

Prefix,

is,
;

for

convenience

in

treating the
e-,

subject, here referred to as the

Prefix in o

while the Prefixes ke- or

kait

or a-, are referred to as the Prefix in k. 1. When the Subject immediately precedes the Predicate, or even
is

when

absent, the Prefix in o-

is

used, in a simple statement.

nleke aku osasukidi: Your boy has recovered.

muntu, ona bayikidi, ofwidi The man they mentioned is dead. Wina kwandi muna nzo andi:

He is in his house. Ke diambu ko, wenda kwandi

Never mind, he may
go,

Ofongele vana ezandu: He sat on the market place.

2.

When
is

the Object precedes the Verb, the Prefix in

after

is

used, unless the

Object
jective

further represented

Pronoun

by an Objective Pronominal the Verb, in which case the Prefix is 0.

Prefix, or

an Ob-

He He He He

Mbizi kasumbidi has bought some meat.

o

Nzo andi kazolele

wants

tunga:

to build his house.

set his carrier's

Ntete andi kayekekele muna nzo: basket up against the house.

Mwana andi kezidi wukisa has come to have his child medically treated.
Kinkutu kiaku kewomalanga

He He
thought that

is

ironing your coat.

Edi kabenze vo tukwenda we were going {lit. this he thought,

it

that, Sec).

Edi kavovele vo mbazi betala kio

He

said that they should see

to-morrow.

Edi kazolele, kenda o nnu

He
Where

wants to go to-day.

the Object is further represented.

E kuma

kadi, o

nkanda ame osumbidi wo

Because he bought

my book.
house.

nzo andi kibeni oyokele yo

He

burnt his

own

Okalokala, e ntumbu, osolwele yo At length he found the needle.

mwana andi kibeni, nmvondele

He
3.

killed his

When

the

Verb

is

preceded by

its

own child, own Infinitive Noun,

the Prefix

is

always in k.

956

Kwiza kekwiza

He
He
is

is

coming.

Yela keyelanga kikilu:

very sick. o

Teka keteka kio

mbatu

He
4.

will sell

it

later

on

in the day.
&.C.,

The

Interrogative Pronouns, aweyi, adieyi, ameyi,

nki, nkia,

kwa,

require the Prefix in k.

Aweyi kavovele ? What did he say ? Nki kasumbidi ? What has he bought ? Nkia muntu kabokele? What man did he call ?
is

When a Subjunctive Clause is brought in by VO or OVO, ^/laty or when it understand, the Prefix in k is used but when the Clause introduced is in the Indicative Mood, the Prefix in is used.
5.
;

Sttbjmictive.

Nzolele vo kenda
I

wish that he should go.

Tuvovele vo keza:

We

said that he should come.

Edi bavovele vo kenda mbazi They said that he should go to-morrow.

Edi tuzolele katoma kio nata:

What we want

is

that he should carry

it

carefully,

Utulombele

nswa, ovo, kenda:

go).

He
Indicative.

asked of us permission to go (that he might

Edi bavovele vo, okwenda mbazi: They said that he will go to-morrow.
Nzolele kala vo wenda, kansi owau e ntangwa isakidi: I wish that he had gone, but now it is too late.

Edi tubenze otoma kio nata:

We thought that
6.

he would carry

it

carefully.
is

The normal

position of

an Adverb or Adverbial Clause

following

its

"

(unless some other Verb, and when it so appears, the Verb takes the Prefix in There are, however, some Adverbs which rule supervenes to the contrary). always precede their Verb, and when they are thus in their normal position, preceding the Verb, they also are followed by the Prefix in 0. The following are the Adverbs referred to : i bosi, deke, kasikila, kosi, kole, nanga, nangi,

nangu {perhaps), okalokala, e elelo, kwakwiziwa, oku kwatukwa, and

Adverbs.

e ntete, oku kwakwendewa, oku other variations of these last three

There are other Adverbs which precede their Verb, and also cause it to They are as these induce the Prefix in k. assume the Applied Form follows : dian, diann, i dian, i diann, i, e kuma, i kuma kiki, nkia
;

: :

(957

kuma, ndu

mu mu

nkia
nki,

kuma and like combinations with bila, elonda, and eyamu nkia diambu, adieyi. The Adverbial Particles,' se, sa,
in

sanga, and singa, also require the Prefix in k. When any other Adverb precedes its Verb for emphasis, the Prefix applied to the Verb.
in

is

normal position.

rdverbs

Wele

fuku muna nkonda:

went hunting by night.

He

Osumbidi yo o nnu

He

bought

it

to-day.

Kasikila oftla e mpaka: Perhaps he will raise objections.

Wele kwandi kuna nzo

He

is

gone

to the house.

Ofongele vana etadi: He sat on the stone.

Ovangidi dio

muna diambu
it

dieto:

He

did

for our sake.

Ovene kio

kwa
it

yeto

He

gave

to us.

Okalokala umvene wo At last he gave it to him.

Adverbs requiring the Applied Form.

Dianu kayambulwidi

e ngolo zaudi:

Therefore he abandoned his opposition (strength).

That

I kazoldle wo: is why he wants

it.

Hu
I

nkia

kuma

Why kuma kiki kasumbidi

That
is

kend^le? did he go ?
kio
it.
:

why he bought
is

That
The Particles mentioned.

I kezidi why he came.

Sa kenda:

He

will

soon go.

Sanga kavutula wo

He

will

soon return

it.

Ordinary Adverb preceding, and therefore in abnormal position.

Malembe kekwendanga He goes gently. Malu-malu kele

He is gone on foot. Mbatu kekwiza: He will come presently.

3

(958)

Fuku
7.

kele

omu nkonda

At night he went stalking game.

It is

noted in this Appendix, in the Syntax, under the " Attributes of the
Article," in

Subject The

Rule

38, that the

following Adverbs of time,

;

when

preceding their Verb, and especially emphatic, take the Article in that case they take the Prefix in instead of that in k. The Adverbs in question are :

fuku,
e elelo.

mbanu,

nganu,

mbatu,

ngatu,
:

masika,

mbazi,

unu,

mbazi okwiza To-morrow he will come. fuku wele kuna evata diandi:

He

went by night

to his town.

unu otekele kio: He sold it to-day.

8.
is

When

applied, but where there

an Adverbial Clause precedes its Verb for emphasis, the Prefix is no emphasis at all, the Prefix in is used.

in

Ngyenda

zingi kele:

He went often. Kuna nzo kele He went to the house. Vana etadi kafongele: He sat on the stone.

Muna diambu
He
He
is

dieto kavangidi dio: For our sake he did it.

Muna nlungu
went and

kele

vwanda

sat in the canoe.

Kuna
gone

to the place

tuyikidi kele: which we spoke

of.

Kwa
Ke lumbu
It is

yeto kavene kio He gave it to us.

kiantete ko,
first

Kalemba, kekungikanga vo
is

makangu mandi:
not the

day that Kalemba

calling

me

his friend.

Ngika zingi kangikidi wo: Many times he has so spoken of me.

I

ndunganisa
This
is

yiyi,

the

way

in

Nzambi, kalunganisi owu kavovele: which God has fulfilled what He said.

No

emphasis.

Kansi

muna diambu
But
for our

dieto ovangidi dio sake he did it.

Muna maka mambu

He was
thankful for

otondele:
things.
:

some

Ezaka ntangwa okwizanga

Sometimes he comes.

Kiau kolo eki

During
this

olele:
slept.

time he

959

The Verb

in

a Relative Clause takes the Prefix in k.

ozolele o kutuvana o nlele katusongele: The chief wishes to give us the cloth which he showed us. Bakatwidi e kiandu kina kafongele o nkento: They took away the chair on which the woman sat.

mfumu

I nsadisa kansadisi, o Mpukuta: This is the way in which Mpukuta helped me.

01)ongele konso eki kazolele He took whatever he liked.

Bamvene

ntaku zina kayikidi

:

I
^^Kiployed.

They gave me

the brass rods which he directed.

Zina kanete ke zifwene ko Those which he took were insufficient.

^^B

^^B
^^^ ^t^ ^HL
^Bm'

Nunyambula kenda:
Let him go.

Mbula kakota:
Let him enter.

Yambnla kateka
Let him eat
ir.

dia:

first.

^K

The

following Conjunctions induce the Prefix in k:

Kasi

own

but now...
:

Kimana, kinnmana so that, in order that. Knfwila own <7rwan...ko although, even if. Mpasi, mpasi own {dia not mpasi ovo) so long as, but only. Mpasi yavana nevertheless, all the same, even then, still, yet. Mnsnngnla, ngatn nor, neither {i.e. after a negative clause). Nanga, nangi, nangn: unless, if not, except. nlongo= mpasi.
:
:

Una

\
The

since, when, as, while, as or so soon as, after. Una...nna: as... so. Vava, ova {but not ovo) when, after, as or so soon as. Wan now that, since, when, as, while, as or so soon as. Wan kadi now that, because.
:

Ovo wan
:

if so, in
:

that case.

W0WO...WOWO Tavana until,

followed by the Prefix in

as... so.

before, so that.

other Conjunctions (so far as they have been at present obtained) are
0.

Knfwila

wan kele ko Although he has gone.

Mpasi kenda kaka
So long as he So
that he
:

goes.

Kimana keza:
may come.

: :

::

(96o)

Una kavovele wo When he said that.

Ova kesumba kio:

When

he buys

it.

Wau

kazolele kala,

wau kena:
he
is.

As he wanted

to be, so

Yavana kekwiza
Until he comes.

Oyangalele wau kekwenda; He is happy now that he is going.

Una kavovele wo, oyambwidi e mpaka zandi: When he said that, he did not further object. Ngatu mwana ankazi kasunda o ngwa andi ankazi
Neither
is

a nephew superior to his uncle.

will

Musungula kanusadisa:
Neither

he help you.

Ova keluaka, umbokela:

When

he arrives,

call

me.

Vava kasolwele kio, kiese kamwene When he found it, he was delighted. Yavana kavewa o nswa, kayenda ko
Until he had permission, he did not go.

Kufwila owu kafutidi e mfuka ko, o nzuka usidi Even if he paid the debt, the interest remains (unpaid).
After the other Conjunctions.

or

Nzambi otoma kunsadisa: Ovo Nzambi, ovo otoma kunsadisa

If

God

helps

me

well.

mfumu

aku, ovo ozolele o sumba o If your chief wants to buy salt.

If

mungwa:

Ovo

mpangi ame okwikidi wo:

my

brother agrees to

it.

Ovo tukuntuma, okwenda: If we send him, he will go. Ovo otumini o nleke andi
If

he sent his servant.

Kala wenda, nga ovulukidi

If

he had gone, he would have been saved.

osinsa,
tried,

ala vo
If

he had

nga ovangidi edi mpovele: he would have done what I said.

osala,
it

Eana okwenda, kana

Whether he goes
12.

ke diambu ko:

or stays,

does not matter.

was., &c.,

The Prefix in k is used after i bosi, after that^ then., and the next thing when the Verb follows it immediately, without any pause but when
;

there

is

a pause (comma) after the

bosi, the Prefix in

is

used.

In the

first


(96i
case, the
)

matter introduced by i bosi simply follows on in the course of things, without any special importance, while in the latter case, i bosi commences a fresh sentence, or stage in the proceedings, and introduces a new" matter of
importance.

I bosi katusongele e nzo andi After that he showed us his house.

I bosi kambokele: Then he called him.

Toma kunsonga,
Show him
After pause.

carefully,

bosi kevanga kio then he will do it.

I bosi, otadidi e lekwa yawonso kavangidi In the next place he looked at all the things which he had made. I bosi, otombokele, wele kuna evata diandi: After this, he came up, and went to his town.

The next

I bosi, oynvwidi edi dia Mpongi: stage in the proceedings was this, he asked about Mpongi's

affair.

I bosi, okotele, o muntu akaka... After this, another man came in (and then...).
:

[p. 578.]

Objective Pronominal Prefixes.

ist

The Objective Pronominal Prefix of the nasal, m or n, in all moods and tenses.

person singular

is

always the light

Kundata Kandata Kandete

to carry

me.

that he

may

carry me.

he carried me.

Pronominal Particles.

On
Noun

the top of page 579 there is a list of Pronominal Particles used when a stands in apposition to a Personal Pronoun ; the list has been deranged

in the printing,

and should read as follows

Person.
I.

Singular.
i.

Plural.
tu, twa,

tu

a. a.

II.

u.

nu, nwa,

nu

It is

better to write these as separate Particles, rather than as Prefixes.

Kadi ongeye u mfumu

Because you are a
chief.

Mono i nleke aku: I am your servant.

[p. 579.]

Emphatic Personal Pronouns.

The Emphatic Personal Pronouns, \wame, kwandi, kwau, &c., are idiomatically used with the Infinitive in the manner illustrated by the following sentences. The ist & 2nd persons singular and plural are perfectly normal in
their

they refer to living creatures

employment, and the 3rd persons singular and plural also, in so far as but kwandi is used both in the singular and
;


(962
)

: :

plural in reference to inanimate objects, and the vegetable kingdom kwau never being used in reference to inanimate objects, only of living creatures.
;

Oyandi mpe, kwenda kwandi

He
Sometimes

too

is

to go,

Ezaka ntangwa a mpuku mpe, l)akania kwau:

rats too are caught.

mankondo mpe, diwa kwandi

Plantains too are edible.

Oyeto aleke mpe, zonza kweto:

We

children too quarrel.

:

Omono mpe sumba kwame

I

too will buy.

Oyeno mpe fwa kweno konso lumbu: You too will die some day.

Kwandi.

Kwandi

is

often used in a reassuring sense, as only

is

used

in

English.

Nlemvo kwandi:
It is

only

Mbwa
Only a dog (supposed
to

Nlemvo (it is all kwandi:

right).

have been something worse).

yo.
arer

Personal Pronouns combined with

The combinations

of the Personal Pronouns with the Conjunction yo

given on page 581. When the Personal Pronoun is brought for emphasis to the head of the sentence, the Preposition is still combined with a Pronoun after the Verb. These Pronouns are as follows
:

Person.
I.

Si?tgular.

Plural.
j

II.

yame yaku
yandi

Y2M

in all persons.

III.

J
:

Mono ketuka kiyanga yame He was just walking with me. 1 yandi kazolele nwana yandi
It is

with

him

that

he wants

to fight.

Yeto kamonanini yau: He (saw) stopped and talked with

us.

///., It

I yeno kasanziana yau It was between you and him that there was such ill-feeling. was you with whom he entertained the mutual aversion (with you).

Kadi yeto kadidi yau

For he
[p. 585-]

ate with us.

Interrogative Pronouns.

The

Interrogative Pronouns akieyi, aweyi, &c.,

may appear

without the

Prefix a-, kieyi,

weyi, &c. The Prefix a- adds force evidences a desire or need to know.

to the question,

and


(963)

making an inquiry as to the comparative size, &c., of several things, the and the question may then be framed as though the things were persons that is to say, Personal Pronouns and even Nouns rriay be used the Interrogative Pronoun proper to the Class of the things in the question
In
things are stated,
; ;

may

also be used, instead of the Personal Interrogative.

Vana vena

malonga mau amatanu, nani i mote or adieyi diwete ? Which is the most beautiful of those three plates? Andieyi or nki i nene, e nzo vo, ovo e kiandu kina mo? Which is the greater, the house or the chair which is in it ?
o
;

[p. 585.]

Demonstrative Pronouns.
POSITIONS.

The

positions of the three forms of the

:

Kongo Demonstrative Pronouns

are

better explained as follows

Although, in English, there are only two Positions recognised by the Demonstratives, here and there ; this and that ; these
three Positions recognised.
ditid

those ; there are in

Kongo

The

First Position is used of that which

:

is

close to the speaker, just as the

First Position in English

eki, this; eyi, these; oku, here.

The Second

Position
:

is

used in reference to that which

;

is

with or near to the

person addressed

ekio, that (where you are)

eyo, those ; oko, there.

The Third Position regards that which is at a distance remote from both the speaker and the person addressed ekina, that; eyina, those; kuna, there.
:

[p.

587]

Emphatic Demonstratives.
awowo,
those, there is

In the First and Second

the form,

Emphatic Forms, ist class, plural, 2nd position, beside an alternative form in use, awoyo.

The Emphatic Demonstratives used after the Particle i, given on page 589, have only the forms of the ist position tabulated, as the forms of the 2nd and
3rd positions are identical with those of the First Emphatics exception must be made, however, in the case of the ist class, which are as follows
;
:

Singular.
1st Position,
i i i

Plural.

2ud
3''^^

yandi yuyu, yandi yoyo, yandi yuna,

this is

that that

is
is

he he he

i i

yau yaya, yau yoyo, yau yana,

these are they.

those are they.

those are they.

ADVERBS.
[p. 606.]

Dianu,

diati.

Dianu, diau, i dianu, and i diau, for this reason, therefore, that is why, always require the Applied Form of the Verb which they modify but dianu VO and diau VO, therefore, so, are Conjunctions, and have no such influence.
;

I dianu basumbila kio: That is why they bought it.

Dianu wendela:

Go

for that very reason,

Diau nzolele tungila e nzo akaka: That is why I wish to build another house.

Kwenda yadi kwenda,

I

kansi,

mbwene

muntu umpovese
:

vo,

Kwendi
I

ko; diana vo, kikwenda diaka ko should have gone, but I saw some one who told me not going any more.

to go, so

am

not

Tansadisa nsadisa
I

zingi, diau vo nzolele kansadisa owau: have often helped him, so I want him to help me now.

Adi.

,Adi, once, appears as an Adverb, as well as the root of the Auxiliary Verb
-adi.

Adi tu mfumu, kansi owau tu mpasi wantu We were chiefs, but now we are common people.
Kiamakulu.
Kiamakulu, for good, once for all, finally, definitely, requires the Applied Form of the Verb which it modifies, when it is emphatic, and figures as the
most important point of the remark
;

otherwise the Simple

it is
it

Form

of the Verb

may be used. When it appears

in

a question, or a reply,

preceded by

its article e,

with

or without the Applied Form, accordingly as

Nga osumbila

Will you buy

kio e it then right out

may be emphatic kiamakulu e?

?

or otherwise.

Elo kadi, e kiamakulu nsumbila kio: Yes, I will buy it right out.

We

Tuteka kunsindikila kiamakulu, i bosi...: will first send him off for good, and then.... Ozevo nukwikididi dio kiamakulu e ? So you agreed to it definitely ?
64

(96s

Locative Adverbs.

When
mo;

the Locative Adverbs follow immediately upon an

Intransitive Verb,

either in a positive or negative sentence, they

assume a shortened form, ko, VO,

unless the Locative

is

emphatic.
to,

stances than those above referred

When emphatic, or under other circumthey assume the ordinary forms.

:

Wele ko

He

has gone there.

Fonga kafongele vo

He

sat

on

it.

I bosi badiukidi mo: Then they entered into it (therein).

Kizolele ko
I

kwenda ko
go there.
:

do not

vi^ant to

Knkoti

mo kwaku ko Do not enter.

After a Transitive^ the ordinary forms.

Nata kio kuna

Carry
it

there.

Kuna
He

kasisidi kio:
left it

there.

THE PREPOSITION.
Locative Prepositions.
noted on page 609 that when the Locatives are used before a Noun expressing a living creature, kwa, or some combination of kwa with oku, kuna, &c., is the only form of Locative admissible this requires to be modified in the case of such Verbs as naturally take muna after them, as kwikila muna, to believe in; sia e VUVU muna, to rely on; yekeka muna, to throw the responsibility upon; dia e mpaku muna, to levy a tax upon; in such cases some form of muna is used, rather than kwa.
It is
;

Ke bekwikilanga muna Mfumu

They do not
I

eto ko:

believe in our Lord.

muna Makitu
They
relied

basidi e

vuvu:

upon Makitu.
affair.

Bayekekele

diambu diau omu mono

responsible for their

They made me

Mu
On
Vana
is

esi nsi

bedilanga e mpaku:

the people of the country they levy the tax.

occasionally used in the

same way.

Bafukidi eteva vana

mfumu wau
mat

kalele

They covered
,

the chief with a

as he slept.

The

Locative Prepositions assume abbreviated forms

Prefix, or sign

follow the Verb, in Negative Clauses.

any Article

does not prevent the use of but their presence is emphatic.

when they immediately The forms are ku, va, mu, without of Position. The Objective Pronoun intervening these forms. The lengthened forms are admissible,
:

Eizolele kota mu nzo audi ko: I do not want to enter his house.

Kufongi va eteva diame ko

Do
I

not

sit

on

my

mat.
:

Kiele

ku evata ko

did not go to the town.

Ke mu diambu

dieto ko:

Not on our account.

Kuvovela ku makasi ko

Do

not speak angrily

(in anger).

Kala kuna
There remain.

These shortened forms very often appear when the Preposition follows immealso in a reply diately on the Verb, when there is no idea of position implied
\


(967)
to,

from

or

///

where^ or into ivhat^ when the

Locative

commences the

ciitence.

Obudidi zo

mu

nzimbu
for beads.

He exchanged them
fuku wele

mu

nkonda:
:

At night he went hunting.

Eu
He
is

evata kele gone to the town.

Mu
He

nkele kasidi
put
it

wo

in the box.

Prepositional Phrases.
Further Prepositional Phrases should be added to those given on page 612
;

among them

...ke..., ...by...,

yamu.
e

.ya.

.,

. .

.by.

horn. ..io...y ofpast time only. .to. ., offuture iijne only. ., from.
.

muna nzinguluka
'

a, round, in the
'

environment

of.

He
things.

kikaka yo or muna, ,. e vaudi yo or muna,

>
)

^ . c apart c from, separate from.

In the case of the two latter phrases,

yo

is

used with persons,

mnna

with

Lumbu ke lumbu

kezidi:

came day by day. Bemona wete yamu mvu ya mvu: They will be happy for ever (year by year).
Safongele

muna nzinguluka a
sat

nkisi

They

round the

fetish.

Sia kio e kikaka muna mbele zakaka: Put it apart from the other knives.

Nukala

e vaudi yo wantu awaya: Keep separate from these people.

In the Prepositional phrase,

not a

Muna nsi a ntima. muna nsi a ntima,

;

the Noun, nsi

qualified
nsi,

Compound Noun, nsi-a-ntima

but where

it is

Pronoun, the Pronoun follows immediately after the

Noun

a ntima, is by a Possessive not after ntima.

nsi audi a ntima: From, at or to the bottom of his heart.

Muna

Ya, ye, yo.

The
found

Preposition will be Appendix, in the Syntax, under "The Attributes of the Subject." For an idiomatic use of ya, ye, yo, see page 932, under ya.
in this

rules as to the combination of the Article in this

Mu nsangi a. nsangi a implies in commixture with, together with, combined with, and hence becomes almost equivalent to the English ConjuncThe
Preposition

mu

tions, as

well

as,

and, also.

Omwene wonga mu nsangi a He had some fear together with

kiese:
joy.

: :

THE CONJUNCTION.
[p.

6 1 6.]

OVO,

z/,

when.

the Conjunction ovo, z/, when^ is used with the Present Indefinite tense, uncertainty is implied, it is then equivalent to if; but when it is used with the Perfect tense, or when it is followed by se, the event, though yet future, is sure
to take place in

When

due course

it is

then better expressed by when.

Ovo okwiza, umbokela:

If

he comes,

call

me.
me. me.

Ovo wizidi, umbokela:

When
Ovo
se

he comes,
is

call

kekwiza (s'ekwiza), umbokela

he
coming,
call

When
If
I

Ovo ikumbaka, mpasi kemona:

catch him, he will " see" trouble.

Ovo e ngunga ivovele, kwiza nkwiza:

When
Ovo

the bell rings,

will

come.

se beluaka,

When

they arrive,

tuzaya wo: we shall know it.

Ovo olembi kunsamunwina, i maku momo: If you do not tell me, that will be your fault.
[p.

6 1 6.]

Vo, OVO,

that.

page 6i6 it is noted that vo is used as a Conjunction, equivalent to that^ after Verbs of ordering^ informing, saying, knowing, wishing, thinking, &.c. When vo is far separated from its Verb, it takes the Prefix of its Article, and becomes ovo, and is preceded by a comma (or the pause it represents).

On

Edi katusamunwini, yeto aleke, ovo, mbazi tukwenda What he told us boys was that we are going to-morrow. Wenda kunsamunwina kuna kimfundu-mfundu, ovo, yandi mvinganga Go and whisper to him that I am waiting for him.

Musungula.

MuBUngula means especially,

Negative clause.

as well

as,

as well, also, when

Positive sentences, but neither, nor, certainly not,

when

it

it connects with connects with a

Awonso bekwenda, musungula yandi

All go,

and he

will also.

Ke ngeye
Not

ko,

musungula yandi:
certainly not he.

you,

and

(969)
Ngatu.

Ngitu
only.

is

used

in the

same way

as musungllla, but after Negative clauses

Kuyiyi ko ngktu vova o luvunu:

Do

not steal nor

tell lies,

Husungula and ng^tu.

These Conjunctions are followed by the Verb in the Infinitive Mood in reference X.O past and present time but in reference to future time, only the f^uture Consequent Subjunctive may be used kwiza and kwenda only take the
;

Future Indefinite tense.

bele ko,

They
I

ngMu sinsa o kwenda: neither went nor tried to go.

:

Kikusadisa ko musungula yavovesa diambu

will

not help you, neither will

say anything to you.

:

Kalendi tuma ko, ngatu kwiza

He
[p. 617.]

can neither send nor come.

Una.
only used of past time.

Una

is

Una ngyele: When I went.

-nkwa, -nkwa kala.

-nkwa or -nkwa kala, when they take

the Prefix proper to the Object of the

lest^

previous sentence, or a Locative Prefix, imply

forfear

that^ in case

of ...ing,

FToma
in case that.

kanga

nkombo zinkwa taya:

lest

Tie the goats carefully,

they run away.

-nkwa kala

vo.

This Conjunction, when it takes the Prefixes proper to diambu (di-), uma (u-), or kuma (ki-), implies a probability existent if perhaps, if indeed, in the event of having, in case that, if it is so that.
;

Dinkwa kala vo nwayenda

If indeed

you went

(as

you

say).

: :

: :

THE
The
Verbs
in

VERB.
in

Passive Voice.

Forms

in

aya have most of them a Passive Form iwa and yua, given on page 620.
Active.

awa, as

well as the

Passive.
;

Baya, to shine Taya, to escape Kaya, to divide

bawa,
;

to

have the

light shine at.

tawa,

to have... escape from, to

kawa,

be divided.

Zaya, to know, and laya, to wijtk, do not form their Passives with awa, but take zayiwa, and zayiia, and layiwa. Tima and va, to yield, bear (fruit), do not use the Passive for that which is yielded, the Active is used in such case va is never used in the Passive at all
;
;

but

yimwa

is

used of the place in which the tree bears.

nti wau yima kikilu: This tree bears wonderfully.

Nsafu zingi zayima omu nti wau:

Many

nsafu were yielded by this

tree.

E kiana

kieto

kiayimwa nguba

zingi

Our garden yielded a large crop of ground-nuts. E kiana kieto ke kivanga diaka ko Our garden no longer yields. nti wan ke nva diaka ko
This tree
will

not bear any more.

Passive Verbs bearing an Objective Prefix.

There
Prefix.
is

a singular usage of the Passive Voice, which wears an aspect of

it

irregularity, in that
It

is

marked by the possession

is

implies that the action

property of the individual referred to consent.

of an Objective Pronominal performed with something which is the by the Objective Prefix, without his (&c.)

Kntntungwa Kntubongwa Kntnvewa

:

of ours to be

built.

of ours to be taken. of ours to be given

to....

E nzimbu zatnvewa kwa Tata

Oar money which was given by somebody else E nzo yantungwa kwa mfumn
The house of mine
(partly built)
to Father.

which some

07te built (finished

the building of)

for the chief.

::

971

^^

E mbele y&bongwa kwa Kulu

That knife ofyours which was taken by Kulu.

E ntete mianuktitumiinwa kuna Ntampa: The bundles of yours which were seized at Ntampa. luse luandi lumene kunsumamwa kwa nsende
His brow was
all

pierced with thorns.

Kina kiampewa kwa Nzinga:

That of mine which was given
[p.

to Nzinga.

621.]

The Middle
Intransitive

Voice.

Many Middle Voice and

Adverbial Adjunct.

since they appear to be followed

Verbs appear to be Active Transitives, by an Object but such Object is really an

; :

mwini mbadi Kwenda malu-malu

Ponga
e
:

Bangama

to

be roasted
sit in

in the sun.

to
:

mbadi
foot.

cloth.

to

go on

[p.

621.]

The Formation of the Middle

made
:

Voice.

The
in

following additions have also to be

to the tables of suffixes used

the formation of the Middle Voice

Suffixes.
Active.

Examples.
Active.

Middle.

Middle.

-izieka
-idila

-aziama

vangizieka
tatidila

-amena

vangaziama tatamena
zikamena.

zikidila
[p.

627.]
is
i,

The Applied Form.

used sometimes in combination with wau,
so, like this;

The Applied Form

and ne
i,

ne...i,

nze

nze.-.i, like.
;

Tunga,

to build

tungila wan, to build

in this

manner

(like this).

Nani otungilanga

Who
Ke

is

e nzo andi building his house like

wau:
this.

We

tulendi bakila nsusu wau ko: cannot catch a fowl like this.

Nzolele nwasonekena wau I want you to write like this.

Ne
Like

nzo

my

ame otungila yo: house you must build it.

lua
titi i

Ne luvuma
When

kevempokela

Like the flower of the grass he perishes.

far

an Adverb which induces the Verb to assume the Applied Form is removed from the Verb by some intervening clause, the Adverb loses its influence, and the Verb assumes the Simple Form.
1 diau didi, ovo
Therefore,
if

mfumu
the chief
is

ozolele wo,
willing,
I

ntwika yo
send
it.

will

kuma

For

this

katulongela wo, tuzitaziananga reason, because he so taught us, we respect one another.
kiki,

wau

::

972

THE PASSIVE OF THE APPLIED FORM.

629, the sense implied by the Passive of the Applied Thus illustrated by the Verb bakila, to catch for.
:

On page

Form

is

mfumu wabakilwa
The
It is

chief
:

e nsusu: had the fowl caught for him.

also possible to say

E nsusu yabakilwa
The
fowl

mfumu:
for the chief.

was caught

E nsusu yambakilwa
The
In this
fowl was caught for him.
in

way

the Passive

Verb may have a Secondary Object brought

by

the Applied Form.

[p. 631.]

The Causative Form.

is

a singular use of the Causative Form with many Verbs, by which the idea of assistance or fellowship is imparted, rather than an idea of causation the usage in no way precludes the use and sense of the ordinary Causative with the Verb. Thus from sala, to work, comes sadisa, to help in work, to

There
;

help (generally)

as well as sadisa, to cause to work.

From

yela, to be sick,

comes yelesa,

to help in sickness,

i.e.

to

nurse ; as well

as yelesa, to

make

sick.
:

Other instances are

Didisa

to
:

weep with (those who weep),

Kembesa
Natisa Bakisa
So
that the Causative
: :

to rejoice with (those

to help to carry. to help to catch.

who

rejoice).

Form

implies causation or assistance.

[p. 634.]

The Reciprocal Form.

is

The Reciprocal Form

the mutual idea

used more often in Kongo than in English unavoidably present, it must be stated.
is

when

Ngyele monana yandi

I

went to see him.

Ozolele

bundana yame
fight

He
The following forms
'mpie

wants to

with me.

are applied to Verbs having suffixes in la, na, and

ma :

Suffixes.
Reciprocal.

Examples.
Simple.
Reciprocal.

ela

elaziana

ena
ila

enaziana
ilaziana

bokela tonena sambila

ima
ina

imaziana imiana
inaziana

yidima
tanina

bokelaziana tonenaziana sambilaziana yidimaziana

yidimiana
taninaziana

973

[p.

635.]

The Repetitive Form.

ta,
to do,

The Monosyllabic Verb

^orm
;

&c., takes

tewolola as

its

Repetitive

kaya,

to divide, &c,, takes

kawulula,

to divide repeatedly.

. p.

6S2.] 6 The Reflexive Form. The Applied Form of the Reflexive sometimes conveys the idea of the permance of the action being the prelude to some other action to first... and
;

Ir
e.,

He

will

nkanu, i bosi nukunlonga e? Okuvolela commit some crime, and then you will teach him, eh

he has committed some crime, and then, and not until then, will you admonish him or you will wait for some crime of his to be the prelude to your instructing him properly.

you

will wait until

Bakutungila vava nzanza wau, 1 bosi bavakulwisi wanta awonso They first built on this plateau, and then levied black-mail on all passers-by.
Bekusiimbila

They

will first

tiya twayingi, i bosi benwana e vita: buy a lot of powder, and then they will fight.

The Negative

of this idiomatic use of the Applied

Form

of the Reflexive

was or will be interrupted, or hindered, or not accomplished before something else happened did not... before, or will not... before.
implies that the action
;

E nsusu ke ikukokwela
You
///.,

ko,

walembi kumbona
;

^L ^^K
^^p ^^H ^B^ ^^m

will see

me

before cock crows

the cock will not crow without your seeing me.

Ke bayiluakisidi yandi ko, He died before they got him Ke tutomene mo

kubiindila ko, e
it

ofwidi:
there.

ntangwa

ivekele

We

did not well thresh

before the sun went down.

^F
H^
K.
They
If the last
for their

Ke bayisumbila
did not buy
it,

kio ko, e
failed
;

nzimbu

zisukidi:

their

money

i.e..,

failed before they could

fact, that

buy

it.

sentence were a simple statement of

failed,

they did not buy

it

basumbila would have been used The Reflexive has also a Causative Form.

money

instead.

r
Among

Kuwomba
Kutonda
:

to get
:

away

safely.

Kuwombesa
Kutondesa
:

to get one's self safely out of a scrape.

to love one's self.

to

make

one's self loved.

Reduplicated Verbs.
Verb Forms should be noted the Reduplicated Form it is,, referred to on page 687, with some remarks on its Conjugation. In some verbs it has an intensive sense, as from lunga, to take care of comes; lunga-lunga, to take great care of that the The more general idea imparted by the Reduplication is this action is or must be performed as quickly as possible, for a short time only, or in a short time, that is to say, with the least possible delay; it is an impatient expression, indicative of the fact that until the action is complete and finished^
the
;
:

3 S

974
)

there will be no peace of

mind

it

is

the Urgent

Form

of the Verb.

Thus we

have from

Tunga, to build Vova, to speak Sumba, to buy

Lamba,
the Perfect Tenses.

to

cook

tunga-tunga, to build quickly. vova-VOva, to speak quickly, briefly. sumba-sumba, to buy quickly, at once. lamba-lamba, to cook at once or quickly.
in all but

Monosyllabic Verbs, and Dissyllables in ia (as dia), are triplicated

Dia, to eat
Sia, to put

dia-dia-dia, to eat quickly.

;

Kia, to dawn
;

kia-kia-kia, to

dawn

quickly.

sia-sia-sia, to put quickly.

;

Ta, to do, &c. Wa, to hear

;

ta-ta-ta, to do at once.

wa-wa-wa,

to listen for a few

moments,
in

at once, readily.

The Reduplicated Form causes some complication

Pronominal Prefixes are only applied once.

conjugation.

The

The Perfect Suffix twice. The Continuative Suffix once. The Objective Pronominal Prefix
:

(if

present)

is

only applied once:

kekutuvana-vananga he is giving us for a few moments. The Verbs kwiza and kwenda retain the Pronominal Prefixes on reduplication, in the

this is

Present Perfect Tenses, and in the Future Indefinite Subjunctive induced by the weakness of the stems, -iza and -enda. (See page 975.)

[p. 642.]

The Perfect Form.

their Perfect in -anini.

Verbs having the termination -ana, form

Simple,

Perfect Active.

Bulangiana
Zolana Va,
to

bulangianini
zolanini
its

yield

{fruit).,

makes
light.,

Perfect in vene.

Kia,

to

dawn, grow

in kiele.

THE PERFECT OF VERBS

IN la

AND

na.
;

On

page 642 a
call
is

necessary to
termination

given with their Perfect Forms attention to the fact that these forms only result
list

of Suffixes

is

but

it

is

when

the

suffix,

and not
;

radical.
is

a suffix, it makes its Perfect according to the long table on page 642 but when the -ula is radical, it follows the rule of the Simple Verb thus, in kulula, the termination -ula is a suffix, which has been
the termination -ula
;

When

to the root kula; it therefore makes its Perfect in kulwidi; but in the case of bula, fula, kula, lula, sula, tula, vula, and wula, the -ula is part of the Verb, and since it is radical, the Perfect is formed as a regular Verb in U that is to say, by replacing the final a by -idi, the radical 1 becoming d before the i in the suffix. The Perfects, therefore, of these Verbs are budidi, fudidi, kudidi, ludidi, sudidi, tudidi, vudidi, and wudidi. Where the -ula

added

is

radical, the

clearly a suffix,
difficulty in

Verb must be dissyllabic when of more than two syllables it is for no roots have more than two syllables, so there is no
;

recognising the character of the termination.

rule

The same

applies to the

terminations -una, -ola, and ona;

when

975

yadia-dia-dianga

yadia-dia-dianga

yadia-dia-dianga

wadia-dia-dianga

ndia-dia-dianga

yadidi-didinge

yadia-dia-dia
ndidi-didinge

yadia-dia-dia

ndia-dia-dianga

yadia-dia-dia
wadia-dia-dia

dia-dia-dianga
ndia-dia-dia

yadidi-didi
ndia-dia-dia

dia-dia-dia

dia-dia-dia

ndidi-didi

di
Iambi

yalambidi-lambidinge

ndambidi-lambidinge

a
cr
nlamba-lamba
nlamba-lambanga

yalamba-lambanga
ndambidi-lambidi

yalamba-lambanga

yalamba-lambanga

walamba-lambanga

ndamba-lambanga

yalamba-lamba

yalamba-lamba
ndamba-lamba

yalamba-lamba
lamba-lambanga

walamba-lamba

lamba-lamba

yalambidilamba-lamba

endanga

.a

cr
nkwenda-kwendanga

yakwenda-kwendanga

ngyenda-ngyendanga

yayenda-yendanga

yakwenda-kwenda

yayenda-yendanga

np^yenda-ngyenda
nkwenda-kwenda

yayenda-yenda

yayenda-yenda
yayele-yelenge

kwenda-kwenda

wenda-wendanga

ngyele-yelenge

wayenda-yenda

ngyele-ngyele
wenda-wenda

yayele-yele

enda-y

way

i o
nkwiza-kwiza

yayizidi-yizidinge ngizidi-ngizidinge

yakwiza-kwizanga

nkwiza-kwizanga
ngizidi-ngizidi

yayizidi-yizidi

yakwiza-kwiza

yayiza-yizanga
wayiza-yizanga
ngiza-ngizanga

yayiza-yizanga

kwiza-kwiza

yayiza-yiza
ngiza-ngiza

yayiza-yiza

wiza-wizanga

wayiza-yiza

e2

wiza-wiza

cont.

cont.

cont.

cont.

cont.

cont.

cont.

cont.

cont.

Remote Indef.

Conseq.

Indef.

Indef.

Perf.
Indef.

Perf.

g
E-i

Narrative

Pres.

Past

Future

1
Indicative

Subjunctive

Imperative

Infinitive

976)

radical,

the

Perfects

are

-unini, -olele, onene;

but

when

suffixes,

-wini,

-wele, and -wene.

infinitive.

Perfect.

Infinitive.

Perfect.

Kida

Kuna
Kola

kudidi kunini
kolele

kukula bakuna
sekola

kukwidi bakwini
sekwele

Kona

koneue

tokona
Infinitive Mood.
Infinitive
:

tokwene

The
the following sentences illustrate

There are idiomatic usages of the

Mood which need

to

be noted

them

Eyaka lumbu a nsala mpe bakama kwau: Some days cray-fish are caught also.
Elo kadi, e nsafu

mpe diwa kwandi:

:

Yes,.nsafu too are edible.

Omono mpe kwenda kwame

I

too will go.

nti wau yima kikilu: This tree bears very freely.

Oyeno mpe kangama kweno konso lumbu: You too will be tied up some day.

Yau
The

aleke zonza kwingi

children are very quarrelsome.

in the

The
It is

Infinitive

Form

is

used as a Gerund
:

manner noted on page

714.

Kwiza nkwiza
idioms
:

am

coming.

used as a Noun, or in the "Absolute construction" in the following

luaka

muna lumbu kina

madia:

On

the arrival of that day (when that day arrived).

baka muna evata diau, bavavidi

On On

reaching their town, they sought food.

j v

tala muna nzo eto, kinga mwankatu: looking into our house, it was (empty) not there.

sinsa

When
If

tried to speak,

vova, ntungamene kwame I had nothing to say for myself.

will

kwenda, mpasi zankatu:

you go (on going),
it

be trouble for nothing.

Tenses,

On

page 649

it

the present indefinite tense. is explained that the Indicative Mood

future time
is

in

Kongo has no

future tense.
present.

the time or circumstances of the action are distinctly mentioned, and the action is represented as being then

Whenever

spoken

of,

Instead of saying
that
is

I will come to-morrow^ Kongos

is

I come J

to say, the time, to-morrow^

stated,

say to-morrow and then the action is

:

considered present at the time stated.

When

the action

is

actually in progress.

: :

: :

p.
the Continuous or Progressive
in

977

when the action is not actually some future time, the Simple Form only is used. In this way the Simple Form becomes practically Future while the form in -anga becomes Present Indefinite, or rather Indefinite but to do Present Progressive, and it might be simpler so to designate them This is borne out by the fact that when an Auxiliary so would be incorrect. Verb is used, the Verb assisted takes the suffix -anga, while the Auxiliary takes
is

Form
is

used

but

progress at the moment, but

referred to

the Present Indefinite prefixes only

thus

Nzo
He
action
is

Nzo and! ketunganga:

He

is

building his house.

andi ketoma tunganga is building his house well.

Yela

kekwama yelanga
is

He
common
to

constantly ailing.

This tendency to use the Present Indicative tense in speaking of future

most languages.

To-morrow he comes to fetch me. Next week I am going to Brussels.

The
The Verb
is

ship sails in three days' time.

no Continuous Form, and its Present Indefinite always used in the Simple Form. It is only used in reference to present time, never of the future the future being always expressed by the verb kala, which follows the rule of the Regular Verbs.
-ina, to be, has

tense

'
^
Here
I

Kuna tukala There we shall be.

Kwaku

ngina, am, here

kwaku nkala
I

will

remain

(be).

Nzala yingi tuna yau

We are

very hungry.

Ewaku
When
it

Jr''
is

bekalanga e lumbu yawonso: Here they are always.

desired to express definitely continuous action in the future, the

Continuative

Form may be

used, as a Future even

indeed, there

is

every

reason to regard the tense as one and identical, whether used of present time or of the future, the context alone making clear as to the time.

Ozevo,

kuna ntu tumonanga aka

in the future

e kiese

So then,

we

shall always be happy.

Ova ke wau

ko, e
If not

lumbu yawonso oyelanga aka:

you
will

always be

ill.

Since then the Progressive or Continuous

action
is at

the time in progress,

is

it

follows that

Form in -anga is used when the when the form in -anga is

is

absent, the action

future. tically a Future,

deferred, or not at the time in progress, that

to say,

The Simple Form

of the Present Indefinite tense

it

is

therefore prac-

and the Continuous of

a Present (except in the cases above

noted).

(978

The Present Perfect Tense.

to sil, sit down, prefer the Perfect tense, where the Present Indefinite would be used in English, for when a person is sitting the Vwata, to act of sitting down is complete, he sat down, hence the Perfect.

Fonga and vwanda,

wear, dress

in, also prefers

the Perfect.

E niumbu
What

andi nani? andiona ofongele vana eteva dia mfumu: is the name of him who is sitting on the chiefs mat ?
if,

After ovo, vava, when,

and a
;

future Predicate, the

contingent Verb

often assumes the Perfect tense

it is

a strong

way

of expressing the certainty

of the act, treating

it

even as already accomplished.

Vava dimana, bavaikidi: When it is finished they will come

Ovo bekwenda, bafwidi:
If they

out.

go they

will die (are dead).

In relating a narrative of consecutive acts in a clause introduced by

una

or

vava, having the Verb

in the Past Perfect, the Present Perfect

may

follow.
:

Una
When
one
is

zavutukidi, zinkumbulwidi

they had returned, they detailed to

Perfect tense
is

mawonso mabwidi me all things that had happened.

what

The Present

used

in

stating, or calling to witness as to

just telling, warning, writing, ordering, doing, &c.

Inusonamene mama:
I

write these things to you.

Inutemonwene wau:
I

warn you now.

Itumini, wenda! I sent you, go

!

The Past

Tense.

The Past Indefinite or Perfect tenses, prefixed by -nga or nga i, are equivalent to ought to have, should have, the action being considered as a
natural consequence to something expressed or understood.

Nga

nwavanga

didi

You ought to have done this. Nga wakombele vava ezono:

You ought

to

have swept here yesterday.

When

i is

used

it is

more emphatic.

The Past Perfect.

but " yesterday,"

1
makes
the
time.

when stated, There is not a "yesterday tense" ; event to have been perfected and accomplished at a time not now to be regarded as present a Past Perfect has therefore to be used after ezono, or any
;

clear statement of a perfect action

combined with past

Ezono yayele
Yesterday
I

went.

979

Ezuzi zalueke:

The day The

Perfect

before yesterday they arrived.

following

sentence illustrates

another

idiomatic

use

of

the

Past

Wawidi wo,

elelo sa

katonda:
thank you."

He
///.,

will

know now how

"

to say "

(another time) he will have learned (heard) now, he will soon say

thank you."

The Narrative Tense.

I
that of an Indefinite Past
;

it) has also a usage other than be used of a future event to signify that the action must be performed, there can be no hesitation, or question about it.
it

The Narrative

tense (or a form identical with

may

Yakwenda
I

must

go.

Yakumvana
must give
I

kio:

it

to him.

Yalundumuka
must
run.

mbazi twakwenda kumbaka: To-morrow we must go to catch him.

Wanua
You
The Negative
to fiot....

will

have

to drink

tu kio: it, say what you may.

auxiliary verb lembi,

of this

must be formed by means of the

"Walembi kio teka You must not sell it.

After i
plete.

mbangi tu

se, so at last^ the

Narrative tense implies, with this

combination,

so... have... at last.

The

action must, however, be definitely com-

mbangi tu se wakwiza! So you have come at last

!

The Narrative manner

:

tense

is

also

used after
se
I

wau

in the

following idiomatic

Eansi wau
But now that

yakumbaka:
o

have caught him.

Wau yatemokwa
Now
happened in the prefix shows that
-ku-.

meso:

that

have

my

eyes open.

This construction expresses a present state the result of something which indefinite past. The first sentence having an Objective it is the Narrative tense by the presence of the tense prefix

The Subjunctive Mood.

The Verbs kwiza and kwenda
the Future Consequent tense
;

prefer the Future Indefinite Subjunctive to in this respect they do not conform to the three

following rules.

(98o)
Yam"bula, mbula.
contracted form mbula, requires the Subjunctive Mood in the Verb which follows it, and the Future Consequent tense is that which is generally used. There is, however, a usage of the Present Indefinite Indicative

Yambula,

or

its

after

yambula which

implies a promise or assurance.

Yambula yasumba Let me buy it. Yambula, nsumba

Allow me, and
I

kio:

kio

will

buy

it

or, let

me,

will

buy

it.

Mbula bakota:
Let them enter.

Mbula ngyenda Let me go. Mbula beza:

Let them come.

Kimana, kinumana.

Kimaua and kinumana

also require the Future

Consequent Subjunctive

in

the Verbs which follow them.

Kimana ke bamona

nzala:

Lest they suffer hunger.

Kimana batoma luaka:

So that they may
arrive safely.

Kimana benda kwau

In order that they

may

go.

Inutumini nwenda:
I

send you to go.

Ngatu, musungula.
Infinitive Mood in a Verb following them, but when referring to future time the Future Consequent Subjunctive

Ngatu and musungula require the

follow.

may

will neither

Kisadisa ko, ngatu yavovesa diambu: help you nor say anything to you.

Katuminu ko, ngatu kenda: He was not sent, neither will he go.
[p. 691.]

Kala and

-ina, to

be.

The Verbs kala, and -ina or -na, to be, are used to express have. The combination of these Verbs with the Article, and
position ya, ye, yo,

the idea of to

with the Pre-

and with the Personal Pronoun proper to the Noun, is noted on pages 286 and 840; it remains to be remarked that the difference between kala yo and kala When used with the Article, the is this possession is normal, and has been long continued j when used with ya, ye, or The use yo, the possession is an acquirement, and is not a normal condition. with -ina or -na is identical. The Article may be absent in accordance with The the rules noted later on in the Syntax, under " Attributes of the Subject Article," in this Appendix.
:

: :

(98i

Wina kwandi o moyo: He is still alive. Wina kwandi yo moyo:

His
life

has come back to him again. i.e.^ He has revived.

Tuna

l)i

wingi

omu ntima mieto

(To use yo

in this

have much evil in our hearts. case would imply that the evil was abnormal, and a
recent acquirement.)

We

E mtele ame ina o mva: My knife has a handle.

Bena ye kiese kingi: They are very happy. Tnna kweto o meso mole-mole, yeto awonsono We, all of us, have two eyes. Ondiona kaka wina ye disu dimosi

He

alone has only one eye (he was not born

so).

Ze bena meso ko
They have no
eyes.

lumbemba-mbemba

Inalu ke luna nsala ko This butterfly has no wings.

Kina ya nzimbu ko
I

(Money does not belong

These
^and thought
'ersonal
"sion
is

have no money. to one naturally,

it

has to be earned.)

distinctions, while perfectly accurate, are often very delicate,

is

and care

necessary in making them. Sometimes the Verb to have is expressed by the Verb
;

to be, followed by the Pronoun combined with the Preposition yo in this case no possesimplied, only that the articles mentioned happen to be with the

speaker.

Ordinary construction of the verb

to have.

Nkia lekwa tnna yau?

What

things have

we

(do

we

possess)

Idiom just explained.

What

things have

Nkia lekwa ina yeto? we (happen to be

zingi zina yeno:
goats with you.

with us)

Nkombo

You have many

Mankondo makaka mena yeto

Other plantains are with us
This
latter
;

or,

we have
the

other plantains.

idiom

is

in constant use

among

Bakongo as the ordinary

Verb, to have.
[p. 690.]

Eala.

This Verb has a Past Tense Indefinite and Perfect bearing the prefix e as well as that in a they are in every way identical in meaning and time.
;

(982

Twekala or twakala Bekedi or bakedi

:

we

were,

they were.

[p.

690.]

-na or -ina.

This Defective Verb does not take the Continuative Form, neither does it appear in any other tense than the Present Indefinite, and then always implies
present time
;

it

has, however, a Passive

and an Applied Form.

Passive,

Applied,

-iniwa, to have in. -inina, to be for.

mwana

andi winiwa nkwiya nsambwadi: His child is possessed of seven demons.

Adieyi kinina

wau
?

Why

is it

like that

When -ina is combined with an Objective prefix, the initial i is strengthened by y, as is the case with the weak-stemmed Verbs kwiza and kwenda, see page 654. Ubayina e wisa:
He
has authority over them.

makasi: Kansi owau tunuyina But now we are angry with you.
-eka.
-^

C'^ ^^^
found in the Present

The Bakongo
Indefinite

use a Defective Verb -eka, to be;

in the

it

is

Tense only, an Applied Form.

same way

as -ina,

and has a Passive Voice, and

Active.

-eka, to be.

Passive.

-ekwa,

to

have

in.

Applied.
Person.
2 3 2
Class.
I

-ekina, to be

for.

Singular.

Plural.

ngyeka

tweka
lueka

weka
keka yeka

beka
zeka

3&4 5 &6 7&8

9

weka
kieka dieka

mieka
bieka

kweka
II

meka meka
tweka

10&
12

lueka

13

bweka weka
veka
fieka

bweka meka

14
15

mweka

Kuna mbazi tombe kweka:

It is

dark outside.

Kolo kingi ku vula ngyeka: have been a long time on the station.

(983

Nduna wekwa nkwiya: He who is possessed of demons.

Dieyi twekina

mu luvambu
in this

lualu?

Why
These examples are

are

we

chain?

in the Dialect of the

Bakongo.

The Auxiliary
-kini.

Verbs.

The

Defective Auxiliary -kini

Perfect tense;
it

is

used

among
to,

the

Bakongo

it

is

found only

in the Past

is

equivalent

to be still...; to be yet...; to

Continue and complete what

then....

is

now

in progress.,

and then...

; to first finish^

and

Dia bakini dia: They are still eating.

Twakini sala salu kietu,

bosi...

We must first finish

[pp. 695, 6.]

our work, and then....

-lembi, -lembele.

This Auxiliary
takes
i final
:

found in the Perfect as -lembele, but -lembi, to fail to, to not....

is

in other tenses

it

s*^

.-^Uianu kalembele {or kalembi) kwizila: That is why he failed to come.

[[p.

694.]

Lenda.
the Auxiliary Verb lenda, can,
is

"-

-^

When

used

in

a Negative Clause in
is

reference to present or future time, the Future Indefinite Subjunctive

(negative), -lendi.

used

Ke

We

tulendi kio nata ko cannot carry it.

Kalendi vova ko:

He
[p. 695.]

cannot speak.

Mana.
also be rendered by, to be all....

Mana may

luse luandi

lumene kunsnmamwa kwa nsende

all

His brow was

pierced with thorns.

Nanga.

Nanga

is

equivalent

to, to...perhaps, to. ..very likely.

Onanga lunga

He

is

perhaps right.

Tunanga kwenda
Sa.

mbazi:
likely.

We shall go to-morrow very

Sa

implies that the action will be certainly done

some time

or other, sooner

984

or later

to be
it is

going

to... all

in due course.,

to... soon

or presently., or all in due

course ;

only found in the Present Indicative.

Tusa sumba kio:

We
Sa,

shall

buy

it all

in

due course.

Sa
making
it is

{j>erf. -sidi).

is found in the Present Perfect and Past only used in a Negative statement, to which it adds some measure of an emphasis or definiteness, to take care not to. The Negative Particles are

its

Perfect in -sidi,

tenses,

always used, for sa does not convey in

with lembwa).

itself

any Negative idea

(as is the case

Ke
There
694.]
is

l)asa

wo samunwina muntu ko
it

They took
the emphasis,
[p.

care not to mention

in
it,

to

any one.

no idea of taking care

but that phrase conveniently expresses

Simba.

classed with the Auxiliary Verbs as on page 694, for it always takes the Article before the Infinitive which follows, and is an ordinary

Simba cannot be

Regular Verb, not an Auxiliary

at all.

Basimbidi

dila

not basimbidi dila

to cry.

They began
[p. 695.]

Vika.
rendered by, used
to, before., aforetime.,

Vika may be

previously.

Wavika kubasia e vuvu: He used to trust in them. Ovikidi nwana ndwana zingi:
He
[p.

used previously to fight a great deal.

Za.

696.]
is

Za

a Defective Auxiliary Verb found in the Future Consequent Subafter.,

junctive, to do

to

do

then.,

then to proceed

to...

see also page 696.

Bele

kuna ezandu baza nikuna nkindu

to the

They went

market and

stirred

up a row.

kalueke, kaza kubayuvula vo...: As soon as he arrived, he proceeded to ask them....

[p. 698.]

Una

Kwiza

or kwenda, before another verb.

;

on page 698 to that should be added that where the Continuative Form is used it appears on the second Verb. In Dissyllables only the final a of the stem becomes i, and when the ConIn tinuous Form Suffix is added, it is -nge (as that applied in the Perfect). verbs of three or more syllables the final a of the stem is unchanged, and the

The

rule as to this construction is given

suffix is

-nga.

Wele avavinge:

He
Diatila

went seeking.
foot,

kwandi kayenda adiatilanga:

walking (on
not carried).

He went

(985

Kwendi avitinge ko: Do not go on in front.

When a Verb in the Reflexive Form follows kwiza and kwenda in this manner, the Prefix ku- of the Reflexive Form does not appear, but instead the
Prefix yi-.

Kekwenda ayisaninge (from kuskna) He will go boasting,

Wele ayikokelanga

He went

dragging himself along.

THE INTERJECTION.
E.

used at the end of an interrogative sentence which has no Interrogative Pronouns or Adverbs (-eyi, nki, nkia,
Interrogative
Interjection e
is

The

nani) to mark

its

interrogative

character
it is

but

when such

Interrogative

Adverbs or Pronouns are present

not used.
e
?

Kwenda okwenda
Are you going ?

Nga
Is

otondele e? he grateful ?

Nani umbokele?

Who

called me ? Akweyi kena?

Where is he ? Nkia nzo?

What house ? Nki kina mo? What is in it ?

When

a question
;

is

not repeated
questions.

neither

asked as an alternative to a previous question, the e is is it required after any but the first of a series of

Nga

kuzolele o

kwenda ko
kio,

ovo kulendi ko
?

Do

you not wish

to go, or

can you not

Aweyi tuvanga? tuteka

ovo veta kio, ovo tukayila kio

it

kwa
?

wantu akaka?

What

shall

we

do, sell

it,

or throw

away, or give

it

to other people

ACCENT.
Nouns
in the Plural mill-,

in mu-,

Plural

miu-,

There are a few Nouns bearing in the Singular the Prefix mu-, which make because the Prefix mu- is a contraction of mu + U, u being
first letter

the

of the

Stem

for this

reason the

u of the

Singular takes the Accent, while the

Plural.

of the

miu- takes the Accent

contracted Prefix in the in the

Mtingula, warmth, ;J/m/ miiingula

>.,

Mu-f-ungola, mi-i-ungula.

Triplicated Monosyllabic Adjectives.

When a Monosyllabic Adjective is triplicated for special emphasis, accentuated on the Prefix and Penult.
-anda, long
;

it

is

mkudandkiida, luandandanda, very

;

long.

-ampa, new
-anse, fresh

kiampampampa,
yansensense, very

very new.
fresh.

The Numeral

-ya, four.

The Cardinal Numeral -j2^^four^ takes its Accent on the Prefix immediately preceding the Stem when it has more than one syllable (nya, mkya).
Primary.
Secondary.

mkya
ttiya

kya
ziya

iya

memaya
tiya
is

mtiya

mtinya
-eya, the fourth,

The Ordinal Numeral

accented on the Stem only.

weya
yeya kieya

dieya

veyk
fieya

kweya
lueyk

The Applied Form.

The
follows

Perfect Continuous

Tense of the Applied Form takes the Accent as

kastimlidiiige

:
Ofongel^nge

banatininge

The same Tense

thus
:

in the

Simple Form of the Verb would be accentuated

banatininge kastimbidinge comes in consequence of the rule at the foot of page 702, in which the distinction between the Perfect of the Simple and the Applied Forms is noted as indicated by an extra Accent on the Applied Form.

OfdngeUnge

The

extra accent

Simple.

Applied.

Obakidi
987

obakidi

988

The Double Applied Form.

The Double Applied Form when complicated with
thus accentuated
:

other

Form

Suffixes

is

Natisinina Bakisidila Sklukidila

to cause to carry for... for.

to cause to catch for... for. to
:

fl

n ch about .. for

Vangamenena
The
follows

to be complete in... for.

Perfect Tenses
:

of the

Double Applied

Form

are

accentuated

as

Tudodokdlele Kasximbidididi

Kasaulwididi

tudodokeleUnge kasumbidididinge kasaulwididinge

in -ana.
first

Forms
The
zdlana.
Suffix

-ana

The

a persistent Accent on the Suffix -anana accentuates on the second a.

carries

a,

zdlana, not

These Accents are

not influenced or shifted by the other Accents in the same word.

beyindusiananga

kitambukakananga
kifwkntalakananga kitikkalakananga bewasaziknanga bazdlknanga

benktananga ikonanananga
bkkanisinina bakanisi zolanina
zolanini {Perf. Applied)

The Applied Reflexive Form.

The Applied Form
of the Reflexive

Form

is

thus accentuated

kdkwizila

kayiyizidi

kukwendela
ktisumbila

bayiyenddle tuyisumbidi

Accented Pronominal Prefixes.

noted on page 670 that there is no Objective Pronominal Prefix for the 2nd person applied to the Verb the person addressed is aware of the fact, and needs no such mention. In those tenses which retain the Prefix -ku- between the Subjective and Objective Prefixes, the presence of the -ku- serves to indicate that there is an Objective Prefix understood, otherwise there would be no -ku-. In those tenses which do not retain the -ku-, there is a special accent on the Prefix, instead of the first syllable of the Stem. So strong is this accentuation that it appears almost to double the first consonant of the root (although there is no real closed syllable in Kongo, nor indeed in any Bantu language). Kavuluza, that he 77iight save you^ is pronounced almost as
It is
;

kavvuluza.

Kktala Twasadisa Banata Yksumbila

: :

that he
:

may

see you.
you.
you.

that that

we may help
I

that they
:

may carry may buy... for

you.

This sharp accentuation of a Prefix occurs also in the 3rd person singular of

989)

he Negative of the Future Consequent tense Subjunctive, to distinguish between

I
:

that he may sell Kavila, that he should perish

Easumha,
this

and kasumba, that he may not sell. and kivila, that he should not perish.

As

tense does not take the second Particle of Negation,

some such

listinction is necessary.

negation by Accent

laboon), for instance,

in Mpongwe is common in other Bantu languages ebekenda, he will go; ebekenda, he will not go
;

:amba, he speaks; ekamba, he does not speak. There are a few words which seem to be accentuated contrary
lies
:

to

the

Eleldnsi

E kakamba
:

a plain. borne by many.

:

Lel^mba to do slowly. Nkuluntu an elder, head-man. Kuluntu seniority, headship.

: :

Palkta

silver.
:

Lumbwa-mbokoso Nonono a number

:

a chatterbox.

of tiny spots.

are all probably contracted or compound words. Elelensi, probably from elele-nsi the monosyllable nsi throwing its Accent back on the previous syllable, and the Accent on the first syllable of the root being lost.
;

They

E kakamba,

a contraction of e

kamba-kamba.

Lelemba, probably a contraction of lemba-lemba. Nkuluntu, from nkulu muntu, so nkulu-ntu, the monosyllable ntu throwing its Accent back on the previous syllable. Kuluntu, from the above,

Lumbwa-mbokoso

Palata, from the Portuguese pr^ta, hence palata. is probably thus accentuated for the sake of euphony, Nonono, a contraction of nono-nono, from nona, to pick up.

Circumflex.

Kuna, muna, and vana

final.
is

When

these Locatives are emphatic at the end of a sentence, the Accent

broadened out into a Circumflex.

Okalokala bansolwele muna: At length they found him in there.

Why
The
roots

Adieyi nunsisidi vana? did you leave him there

is

Circumflex, or broadened Accent,

alike,

which are otherwise exactly

to catch

used to distinguish between as noted at the foot of page 703.

b,ka,
to rend.

t.vo

Baka,
Bula, Bula,

to strike
to break.

bula,

to lance

an abscess.

Deka, Deka,

to cut

up small

to trim the hair

d6ka, dka,

to ache. to shine.

990

Deka, Fuka,
Fula, Kita,

to crack.

to be forged

fuka,
;

to

come

to

to blow, forge to

fula.

to bring to

an end. an end.

buy
burn

kita.

a vivid impression.
to redeem. to be released (of a spring)
to mix.

Kula, Lekoka,

to drive

away
fiercely
;

to

kula, 16koka,
;

Lumba, Mbaku,
Mvudi,

to put

down

heavily

lumba.

gain

mbaku.
;

an ambassador.
greens.

a water buck

mvudi.

Mvuku,
Mvula, Nanga, Nangi, Nangu, Ngatn, Nkaka,
1

forbearance
rain
^
>

mvuku.
mvula. nanga,
;

manure.
selfishness.

unless, except

nangi.

/-

perhaps.

nangu.
presently
a manis
;

ngatu.

perhaps, unless, especially

a grandparent.
1,

Nlekoko, ardour feathers Nsala, a day of the Kongo week Nsona,

,

nkaka. nlekoko
nsala,
;

patience.

a cray-fish.

nsona.
padisa. -apala,
sala.

an orphan.
to cause a counter-move.
thin.

Padisa, Pala,
Sala,
Sadila,

to cause to kick to kick to

to
;

work work
be

to be to
to

left.

for

sadila.
;

be broad.

Sadisa, Vila,

to help in
to to
lost

work
;

sadisa.
Vila,
;

make

broad.
off.

to finish to

Vilwa,

make a mistake
;

vilwa.

Vuka,

to copulate

vuka. vuka.

want to. be spared, let off. to be stripped off.

to

And

all

derivatives of these words, and their cognate words.

PUNCTUATION.

he
also to

Stops used

actual pauses,

pauses,

Very
clauses

Punctuation of a sentence should naturally represent it is more convenient speak of Commas, and other Stops, than to explain each time the and inflexions of voice which they indicate. little need be written as to the Punctuation in Kongo sentences and divide themselves so naturally that there is little or no difficulty in
in the

and

inflexions of voice in speech

deciding the position of a Stop.

The Comma.

A Comma
sense.

is

frequently needed before a

Noun

in Apposition, to

preserve the

Makitu,

wa mfumu

a nsi

Makitu the chief of the country.

Without the pause, the wa might be mistaken for wa, of. In this Appendix, under the "Pronoun Subjective Pronominal Prefixes, 3rd Pers., Sing, and Plural," it is noted that a pause after i bosi shows that the sentence introduced by it is a new departure or stage in the proceedings it makes a difference in the Prefix applied to the Verb being related

instances are there given.

When
therefore

there

is

have a

Comma

a pause before VO, that^ before it.

it

becomes OVO

OVO,

that.,

should

Edi kavovele, ovo, ke tuvangi wo ko He said that we should not do so.

The Note of Interrogation.

If
rise

of voice which
at the

a question contains several alternatives, the Note of Interrogation, and the it requires, come at the end of the first question, and not
;

after the alternatives

when

there are no alternatives, the Note of Interrogation

comes

end of the question.

edi dia

Nga diansongi
OVO
Is
it

vanga

vanga mayi;

mawete muna lumbu kia vundu

vuluza moyo, ovo do good, or to do harm
kill ?

e?

vonda.
?

lawful on the Sabbath day to

to save a

life,

or to

991

: :

SYNTAX.
The
Subject.

compound nouns.
rules the sentence cipal

The Subject may be a Compound Noun. but its own component

;

In such case the principal

parts concord with their

Noun
prin-

own

Noun.

E kimfumu
The

chieftainship of the

a evata kinkatwilu town is taken away from him.

The Subject is ki- (mfumu-a-evata), and to this the Verb accords kinkatwilu but the Adjectival Phrase, a evata, agrees with its own Noun, mfumu, making mfumu a evata, chief of the tow7i; to this idea the Abstract Prefix ki- is added, which thereupon implies the chieftainship-of-the-tow)i [(chief-of;

the-town)-ship].

mumpingilefwa dia kintinu a

nsi olueke

Tiie successor-to-the-inheritance of the office-of-king-of-the-country has come.

Here the Noun mumpingila, the inheritor, is the Subject of the Verb, olueke this Subject is further extended by taking the Noun, efwa, as a Suffix, and this extension is further qualified by the Adjectival Phrase, dia kintinu a nsi, which agrees with the Noun, efwa, which it qualifies. This sentence therefore gives a double instance of such complication, for kintinu ansi=ki-l(ntinu-a-nsi) its component parts are ntinu-a-nsi, king-of-t he-country, which on receiving the Prefix ki-, implies the offtce-of-king-of-the-coutitry. The expression, kintinu kia nsi, is admissible, and implies the kingship oj the country J but in such a sentence as that given above the more correct idiom would be that therein used.
;
;

E kimvuluzi a ekanda diaku muna moko ma atantu au kwa

The
office-of-deliverer

ngeye
their

kiyekelo (deliverership) of your clan from the hands of enemies, to you it is given.

Here the Subject is kimvuluzi, which is composed of mvuluzi-ekandadiaku, bearing the Prefix ki- the mvuluzi being further qualified by the Adjectival Phrase, a ekanda diaku, which agrees with mvuluzi so that it is really ki-(mvuluzi-a-ekanda-diaku), the office-flf-deliverer-of-your-country the Possessive Pronoun, diaku, of course concords with its Noun ekanda. A complicated construction results under these circumstances, but it is gram;

matically correct

Noun

of the office or title to follow

and since the Verb yeka {or yekwa) requires the abstract it, there is no other way of expressing it.

E kimbuta a makesa kiandi kivika telekwa His captaincy of the soldiers will soon be announced.
'J92

F
Osiwa
e

993

kiyekwa kia unlongi a Esi Ekongo:

He was

delegated to the office of teacher of the Kongos.

i.e.^

he was appointed teacher of the Kongos.

also referred to in this

This construction

is

Appendix under "The Noun

eenth
When

Derivative."

Nouns connected by Conjunctions.

the subject
is

composed of two or more Nouns connected by the Con-

junction, ya, ye, yo, they

may

figure as in the sentences at the foot of

page 704

but in that case the

first

yo would be

translated in English by both.

Yo ngeye yo yandi nwenda

Both you and he go (you
go).

mundele ye ngamba zandi zilueke: The white man and his carriers have arrived.

mfumu ya
The
chief

aleke andi babakamene and his followers are caught.

The Relative Pronoun.

The Relative Pronoun is not always expressed in introducing the Relative Clause it is often understood.
;

Mbongele nlele wasumbidi ezono took the cloth which you bought yesterday.
I

yau yiyi

nzo oyikidi:

This

is

the house that you mentioned.

Attributes of the Subject,

compound attributes.

When two or more Attributes qualify one Noun, the subsequent Attributes (whenever possible) are coupled to the first Adjective by the Conjunction ye or If one of these yo, but as Nouns (abstract where possible), not as Adjectives.
subsequent Attributes
represents
it.

is

a participial idea

(in

English), the Infinitive

Noun

The Quantitive
this
rule, as

Adjectives, -ingi, -akaka, -awonso, &c., are excepted from

also the
;

(which are adjectival)

Numerals, the Possessive and Demonstrative Pronouns they precede all other Attributes, and are not followed

^w^
^^^B

^y

ya, ye, or yo.

wantu ambi yo nlau

Bad and
wild people.

^^r

wantu alau yo

bi {abstract^ not mbi)

^L
^fe
^^B

Wild and bad people. Kadi nti am bote yo mfuiiu For it is a good useful wood.
Their aged and beloved
chief.

^f

mfuimi au anunu yo zolwa:

994

Wana ame anzolwa yo zola My beloved and loving children, Makangu maku matatu mankulu ye vuvu:
Your three old and
trusted friends.
:

Muntu ambi yo lufuma

A bad
E nsusu
The

and

cruel

man,

a malu mankufi yo matete

short-legged spotted fowl.

Some

Adjectives are not or cannot be thus expressed.

is

For instance, when

the subsequent idea

not one of a combination of Attributes, but a further

Attribute of an already qualified Noun, it follows on as an Adjective, just as an Adjective follows on after a Quantitive Adjective, Numeral, or Possessive, or

Demonstrative Pronoun.

E kinkutu kiaku kiambwaki kiankulu:

Your
In English
old red coat.
coat^ neither in
is
it is

we should not
it is

say,

your old and red

Kongo do
omitted
in

they introduce a Conjunction.

English, but wherever

The Conjunction

more

often

altogether inadmissible,

omitted in Kongo.

nlele andi ebundi

ampa:

His new blue

cloth.

Mateva mame matatu ma mfubu mampwena mampa: My three new great pandanus mats.

Noun
A Noun
in

in Apposition.

In such case it be an Attribute to the Subject. is preceded by the Particle -a (which serves to introduce an Adjectival Clause, see pp. 561, 562), The Particle, in such case, receives the Secondary Prefix

Apposition

may

of the Class proper to the Noun, to which

(p. 562).

it

introduces a qualifying clause

Jizu Kristu,

wa Mfumu

eto:

Jesus Christ our Lord.

mfumu Makita, wa ntu a nsi: The chief Makitu, paramount chief of the country. E diambu diadi diambote kikilu, dia ngiza andi
It is

a very good thing indeed, his coming.

Ona tunina e nsundidi, ya lutufakeso lua atantu eto By whom we have the victory, the utter rout of our enemies. Muna diadi tunina ye nzimbu zampa, za frank ye sentime For this reason we have a new currency, francs and centimes.
There
is

also another idiom in use

it

when

the

Noun
it

more

as though

were

in

list.

In such case

in Apposition appears appears without Article or

Particle.

One
There
is

class of

Salu kimosi kizeye ko, vata: work I do not know, agriculture.

Vena ye ma

kiesivi

ndembele mona, ekumbi dia ntoto

I

one marvellous thing which

did not see, a railway train.

995

Omaka mana ke bekitanga mo

Certain produce they do not trade

ko,

nkwezo

in,

india-rubber.

The
The

Article.
all

following rules for the use of the Article have

been grouped here

for

convenience and comparison. 1. In a simple positive predication the Subject and Object take the Article proper to their Class. In a negative predication the Article is absent between the Particles of Negation (ke...ko), except in the cases noted under other rules.

mpangi ame osumbidi

My My

o nkanda: brother bought a book.

mpangi ame kasumbidi nkanda ko:

brother did not buy a book.
e

Tusaukidi

Nzadi o unu:

We crossed
Ke

the river to-day.

tusaukidi Nzadi ko o

unu

We
E

did not cross the river to-day.

nzo audi ke imene tungwa ko: His house is not finished building.
e

Bamvene

nkumbu
the

a Luvunina:
of Luvunina.

They gave him

name
him a

Ke bamvene nkumbu ambote ko:

They
did not give
nice name.

Kuna

nsi eto ke

kwina mfinda ko

There are no

forests in our country.

Muna

mfinda zeno ke

mwina ntemo ko
is

In your forests there

no Ught.
dole ko:

Vana eyanga dina ke vena

There are no mud-fish
2.

in that pond.

The

Article in
it

Kongo
;

gives

more or

less of definiteness to its

of,
is

Noun
no

it

indicates that

has previously been spoken

but when the Article

or

it

is

a case in point, or in
is

some way

well

known

absent,

and there

rule to

cause such absence, its absence specially marks the indefiniteness of the Noun ; This is in such case, in English we might use so7ne...or other, a?ty, one of.... There are specially the case after OVO, if, and in negative clauses generally. other rules for the presence or absence of the Article to be noted further on.
definite, or

In the case of Negative Clauses, the Article is present when the Noun is where the subject of conversation is a case in point it is absent in
;

a general remark. In the Imperative Negative, and Subjunctive Negative, the presence of the
Article indicates that, at the time in question, the contrary to

what

is

ordered

being done in such case the Adverbs, do, would often be used in English.
or suggested
is
;

so, like that,

as {you, &c.)

Umpana
Give

mbele:

me the knife. Umpana mbele Give me a knife.

: :

: :

::

::

996

E lumbu

kiakina, ndonga

ampwena yanlandanga
:

That day a great crowd was following him.

Ke babongele nkutu ma ko They did not take anything at all.

Mbala osumbidi
o nkele

Mbala bought a gun.

Mbala kasnmbidi nkele ko:

Nga

Mbala did not buy a gun. mbele aku ina muna nzo e?
your knife in the house
"i

Is

Is

aku, ina muna nzo e? that a knife of yours which is in the house?

Nga mbele

Kizeye e lekwa kiaki mfunu ko: I do not know the use of this thing.

Ovo muntu olembi kwenda

If

any man does not

go.

Ovo

muntu olembi kwenda: If the man does not go.

If

Ovo muntu okunsadila, mbula kandemvokela a man (any one) will work for me, let him obey me.
If the

Ovo

muntu man
e
If

okunsadila,
will

mbula kandemvokela
me,

Ovo

let him obey me. mbele ame ina muna nzo, twasa yo

work
is

for

my

knife

in the house, bring

it.

Ovo mbele ame ina muna nzo, twasa yo If any knife of mine is in the house, bring it. Ovo mbele ina muna nzo, twasa yo
:

If there is a knife in the house, bring

it.

Ovo Ovo
e

mbele ina ina muna nzo, twasa yo

it.

If that knife is in the house, bring

yitu yeno ikunusaula, ke diambu ko

your relatives hate you, never mind.
relatives hate you, never

If

Ovo yitu yeno ikunusaula, ke diambu ko:

If

any of your

mind.

Wenda

tala ovo o

ngwa aku ankazi wina muna

is in

nzo nzo

Go and

see whether your uncle

the house.

Wenda
Go and

tala ovo

ngwa aku ankazi wina muna

it is

see whether

one of your uncles who

find the key.

is in

the house.

Ke basolwele nsabi ko:

They did not
Oyikidi vo batuvana ma twadia: He told them to give us something to eat.
think that they are
se betunganga e nzo au: now building their house {?iot before mentioned). Ovo muntu okuyuvula ovo muntu wina muna nzo:
If

Edi mbenze

any one asks you whether any one

is

in the house.

: : ::

997

mbunzi ame osumbidi kwanga kia ntaku tanu

My

brother bought

five

ntaku worth of kwanga.

Mbula benda kolo kiandwelo

Let them go for a
little

while.

Ne yandi okutuvovesa diambu:

As though he would say something
to us.

Bonga
Take

nlele

wau, ovo

nkanda miomio, ovo ezono, ovo nlele akaka:

e
I

mbele yasumbidi

this cloth, or these books, or the knife

bought yesterday, or some

other cloth.

Ovo nlele akaka: Or the other cloth.

Ovo nlele akaka: Or other cloth.

Imperative Nef^atives.

e nusimi
Do

vova

ndinga zakaka ko:

not forbid the speaking of other languages {there being a case in point).

Ke nusimi vova ndinga zakaka ko

Do
not forbid the speaking of other languages {general admonition).

Ke nuteleka e mioyo mieno ko Do not be so anxious. e nuteleka mioyo ko: Do not be anxious {generally).
Kufungi

Do

not be so angry {as

makasi ko I see you Kufungi makasi ko

:

are).

Do

not be angry {general adnio7iition).

Kuvondi

mwana

ko:

Do

not

kill

the child {as you seem to be doing).

e nutubi mbongo
Do Ke nutubi
e

zeno ko

not throw away your goods {general).

mbongo zeno ko:

eno ko
{as you do).

Do

not throw away your goods {case in point).

Ke nutokanisa o wana Do not worry your children

Subjunctive Negative.

Kala vo kakufika

lumbu ko:

Had he
di katungidi

not shortened the days {%vhich were fixed).

He

built

e kozo, e ngandu ke zadia e nkombo zandi: a stock-yard fence so that the crocodiles should not eat his goats {as they used to do).

He

Unkanikini vo kayambula o tunga e nzo ko ordered him not to stop the building of the house {but he

is

doing

so).

Unkanikini vo kayambula tunga nzo ko He ordered him not to stop building the house {neither has he done

so).

: :

998

Simple Negative.

Ke benatanga
They
They
3.

mpu

mfumu

ko:

are not bringing the (said) hat of the chief.

Ke benatanga mpu a mfumu ko

are not bringing the chiefs hat
if

(//

must belong

to

some one

else).
it

In a simple reply to a question,

Noun commences

the sentence,

takes an Article.
If the reply is not

Noun

is

qualified

a sentence at all, but a Noun, it may take an Article by a Demonstrative Pronoun, or a Relative Clause.

if

the

Replies.

Lekwa kiaki kavwidi nkinzi He needs this thing.

Kadi mbele audi
Because
ivididi:
is lost.

his knife

Lolonzi ame ngizidi tambula: I have come for my watch.

Nki What

kezidi vava? Nlele audi: has he come for ? His cloth.

Qualified by a Demonstrative Pronoun.

Nki kelombanga? E mbele yayi: This knife. What is he asking for Aweyi? E kiandu kiaki: What t This chair.
.''

(2ualified by

a Relative Clause.

Nkia nzo? E nzo ina isongele: Which house ? The house which I showed
4.

you.
it

in

no Article before Reduplicated Partitive Nouns, unless the construction of the Verb to have, as in the third sentence.
is

There

is

used

Babakidi kimbundi-kimbundi They got a piece of cloth each.

Nubavana mbele-mbele:
Give them a knife each.

Tuna kweto

We
5.

meso mole-mole: have each of us two eyes.

some purpose known
and sugar-cane.
to all.

The

Article

is

not used in a Catalogue, or a Heading, or Title, or in indicat-

ing one, or certain individuals out of a number, for

Betekanga nkove, kwa, evembe, ye minse

They
are selling cabbages, potatoes, spinach,

Title page.

MWELO A
"

ZAYI:

The

portal of knowledge," a Primer.

Heading.

Mavangu ma Ntumwa:
The Acts
of the Apostles.

: :

999

Nkombo aku ivondwa:

Your goat
is

to be killed.

Mwana
j

andi

mpe
is to

osala:
stay.

His child too

v^ML ^^^V
v^M V^K
6.

Mvungudi otiama
The herdsman
end of the sentence,
to give
is

nkuni:

to fetch firewood.

is first mentioned or thrown prominence, it does not take an Article, I^P unless the Object is further represented by an Objective Pronoun after the *^ Verb, or when the Demonstrative Particle i precedes the Verb, which always happens under the above circumstances, when the Noun is qualified by a Demonstrative Pronoun.

In a Positive statement in which the Object

it

to the

E kuma

kadi, o

nkanda ame osumbidi wo

Because he bought

my

book.

E kuma
Because

kadi,
it

nkanda ame kasumbidi:

was

my
I

book that he bought.

hunger.

Ezaka ntangwa mpasi monanga za nzala:

Sometimes
sufifer

Nkombo kazolele teka: He wants to sell a goat.

Aleke bezidi, nkanda balombele The boys have come, they ask for a book.
:

Nzo andi ketunganga:

He

is

building his house.

E mponda
He
killed

kamvondele, nsosolo kansukidi him by stabbing him with a sword.

If

muntu, ovo mfuka zandi kedia:

a

man

gets into debt.

IVt'^A

an

Objective

Pronoun as

well.

E kuma

kadi, e nganzu, ovo olembele yo yoka, evata diaku divia: Because your town will be burnt unless you burn a fire ring round it.

nlungu ame bakanini wo o yiya: They made up their minds to steal my canoe.
/ [

'ith

the Particle

i.

nlele

ame mpe
he took

kabongele:

And

E ntaku za They shared together

my cloth too. mfumu i bakayanini:

the chiefs ntaku.

Qualified by the Demonstrative Pronoun,

and having

the Particle

i.

Aleke bezidi, o nkanda una oyikidi i bazolele The boys have come, they want the book which you spoke

of.

nzo yayi

ketunganga

He

is

building this house.

: :

::

lOOO

At the end of the

sentence.

Tuzolele kio tala, e lekwa kiaku: We want to see it, that thing of yours.

Sumba nsumba
I

zo, e

nkombo
yaku:
Verb, or

will

buy them, those goats.

ko, e leke

Ke tumwene yo nkutu

We
7.

did not see

them

at all, those

boys of yours.
its
is

In a Negative statement,

when

the Object precedes

placed

at the

end of the sentence, outside the Particles of Negation, it is represented by an Objective Pronoun after the Verb in such case the Object always takes
;

the Article.

nzo andi nkutu, kazolele yo tunga ko

He does not even want to build his own house. E nsusu aku, kimwene yo kwame ko
I

did not see your fowl.

Ezaka ntangwa

madia mandi kazolele mo dia ko

like to eat his food.

Sometimes he does not

Kizeye dio kwame ko, e diambu dina oyikidi: I do not know the matter you mention.

Kisumbanga
The

zo
I

kwame

ko, e

nkombo

za yela:

do not buy sick goats.

8.

Article

is

prefaced to the
is

Name

of a person,

when

it
;

stands as the

Subject of a Verb, no matter what

tence in which
it

its

position in the sentence

to a question, the

appears

an answer

Name

but if the sendoes not take

or stands

an

Article.
If

a Style or Title (Uncle, Chief, &c.)

it,

is

prefaced to the

Name,

instead of

the Style or Title follows the rule,

and the

Name

follows after,

without any further Article, as though the Style or Title were part of the

Name.

Zeka obokele aleke ame

Zeka called

my

boys.

Luvezo wizidi kungyuvula diambu: Luvezo came to ask me something.

ngwa ame

ankazi Nzinga olueke:

My
Nelamvu

uncle Nzinga has arrived.

ozolele
to

Nelamvu wants

sumba e esikilu diaku: buy your musical instrument.

Diamoneka otungidi e mbangu andi: Diamoneka made her basket.

ngwa ankazi Nlemvo, ke yandi ko

Not Uncle Nlemvo. nsanga ame Nsona wele kuna evata diandi My sister Nsona has gone to her town.

Nsiku kalendi kwenda ko:

Nsiku cannot go.

:: :

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Out of fiorvial position.

Wele kwandi,

Lukelo:

Lukelo has gone.

Osumbidi kio, o Nkunku Nkunku has bought it.

Kwiza kekwiza,
Father
is

o Tata:

coming.

Bavangidi ne i kavovele, o Mfumu: They did as the Lord commanded. Kazeye tunga nzo ko, o Ngwa ankazi Uncle does not know how to build a house.

Wan
Now

kitekele o mwini, mpasi kemona o Tata: that the sun has come out, Father will suffer.

Nkia ndata kenata

kio, o

Bakana?
it ?
:

How

will

Bakana carry

Bakayanini e mfundi kalambidi o Ponte They divided out the mfundi that Ponte cooked.

Utusamunwini owu kavangidi

He
///

told us

o Sodiadia what Sodiadia had done.

an

ansiver.

E kuma Nlemvo wayele

ezono: Because Nlemvo went yesterday.

Luvezo unsamunwini wo
Luvezo told me.
Ingeta, ezaka

ntangwa Sita okwendanga:

Yes, sometimes Sita goes.

The Verb wana, when

a

Noun
is

it is used in the sense of to find., and has for its Object Clause indicating the state of things found, if the Subject of the Noun

Clause

is

the

Name

of a person, the

Name

takes the Article

in that

case the

Name Name

not the Object of the Verb, but the Subject of the

Noun

Clause, so the

takes the Article.

Bele wana o Kikudi yau kevinganga: They went and found Kikudi waiting for them.
the Name of a Person, or a Style, or Title, is the actual Object of a does not take an Article, whatever its position in the sentence, not even when it precedes the Verb for any reason, nor in a Relative Clause. But when the Name, or Style, or Title, is represented by a Personal Pronoun, or by an Objective Pronominal Prefix on the Verb, the Name, &c., may be mentioned after the Clause or sentence in such case it takes an Article.
9.

When
it

Verb,

Basamunwini Luvezo
They
told

diambu diau ekulu:

all

Luvezo

about

it.

Nkia ndata kenata Bakana?

How
Do

will

he carry Bakana?

Knbokela Tata Bukusu ko

not call Father Bukusu.

::

I002

Nwenda

sadisa Situa:
help Situa.

Go and
Go and

Nda yuvula Makwekwe

ask Makwekwe.

Adieyi onatinanga Nengudi? Why are you carrying Nengudi ?

Out of normal

position.

Ingeta,

mfumu Kikudi

besadisanga:

Yes, they are helping the chief Kikudi.

Nlandu kaka tumwene

We
Relative Clause.

only saw Nlandu.

Bokela Ndomfunsu, ona ovwidi Baka: Call Ndomfunsu, who owns Baka.

Vana

kio Give

kwa
it

Ewete, ona osadisanga Luvila:

to Ewete,

who

is

helping Luvila.

Represented before the Verb.

Kadi yandi
Because
it

"babokele, o Nkia-ngudi was Nkia-ngudi they called.

Tunzolele beni, o Ngwa ankazi Lotutala Of Uncle Lotutala we are very fond.

Wenda kunsusumuna,
Go and
10.

Mvemba:

call

Mvemba.

Article may appear before each of a man's Names, when more than mentioned, and the Name is the Subject of the Verb. It is more courtly so to do, but it is certainly a cumbersome form of speech, and may be dispensed

The

one

is

with.

Manwele
11.

o Kedi unsamunwini vo Manwele Kedi told me that

Sometimes Animals,

&c., are personified; in such case they take the

Article as ist Class Nouns.

dievwa umbakidi The jackal caught him. ngo ovovele vo The leopard said that
12.

The Names

of Places follow the rules of

Common

Nouns, not those of

the

Names

of Persons.

nsi ina ifinamene e Ngombe: That country is near Ngombe.

did not see Kindinga (a town).

Kimwene kwame Kindinga ko:

I

13.

A Noun

in Apposition takes

no
I

Article.

Dia kumosi kidianga ko, mfundi:

One

thing

do not

eat,

mfundi.

::

::

: :

I003

Omaka mana ks mena

Some
14.

o nluta ko,

malonga ye yinkutu
plates

barter stuff brings no profit

is

and

coats.

When

Noun
it

-akete, a Httle^few^

qualified by -ingi, much^ many ; or by -andwelo, or does not take the Article, unless the sentence is prefaced

by:1 i

e
e e

kuma kuma kuma

kiki

kadi

kuma? nkia kuma?

and such words
Article.

diau dianu i diau didi okala vo kadi kadi adieyi?

In such case
it

stating

and requiring a reason.

takes an

The Noun qualified by -ingi, &:c., also takes an Article when further qualified by a Demonstrative Pronoun, or a Relative Clause, or when it occurs in a Relative Clause, or in a Clause commencing with wau, una, OVa, vava, yavana, kufwila owu...ko. Where -ingi would be translated by much of, or many of; and -andwelo, or -akete, by few of a little of its Noun takes the Article, and is followed by a
comma.

Nzau zingi zina muna mfinda zeto There are many elephants in our forests.

Wantu andwelo l)evwatanga

Few

mbadi:

people wear palm fibre cloth.

Nzo zakete zisidi kuua evata diandi: Few houses remain in his town.

Maza mengi mezidi muna nlungu Much water came into the canoe.
Reason,
dr'c.

E kuma,

e kwanga yakete kikilu isidi: Because there are very few kwanga left.

Nkia kuma nubongele

Why

e nsonso zakete? did you take so few nails ?

Qualified by a Demonstrative Pronoun.

mavia mau makete mafwene

Their few
Qualified by a Relative Clause.
fields are sufficient.

E nguba E
Many

The few ground-nuts they

zakete, zina babakidi, ke zifwene ko got are not sufficient.

nanazi (zina) tusolwele, zingi were the pine-apples which we found.

In a Relative Clause.

Awana

banete e ntaku zakete kaka, ke yau ko Not those who carried only a few rods.

: :

I004

After wau,

dr^c.

Wau
Many of
&^c.

kafudidi e nsengo zakete:

Since he forged but few hoes.

wantu, engi bamwene o wonga:

Many

of the people were afraid.

E ngamba,
Many
15.

zingi zifwidi:

of the carriers died.

is

The strengthened
Article
is
is

form, -ayingi,
;

generally employed instead of -ingi

the

when the
Article

present

but -ingi

is

more frequent form when the

absent.

-ayingi has also this peculiarity, that when it qualifies the Subject of the Verb, the Subject takes an Article whether it would or not with -ingi but when it qualifies the Object, the Object only takes an Article when it would with -ingi see the above rides.
;

E nsangu

zayingi U-^^^^.
j

Nsangu zmgi Much news

^^^ngana ^

is

spread abroad.

Enkayizayingij^-^^^^gl^. Nkayi zmgi j

Many

antelopes have been killed.

They

Banzitisi luzitu luayingi Luzitu luingi banzitisi: respected him greatly (with great respect).

nzo zayingi zambote zividi:

Nzo zingi zambote zividi: Many good houses have been burnt.
Qualifying the Subject.

E nzau

zayingi zina muna mfinda zeto There are many elephants in our forests.

maza mayingi mezidi muna nlungu: Much water came into the canoe.
Qualifying the Object.

Bantwese madia mayingi: They brought me much food. E mfumu zimfundidi mambu mayingi The chiefs charged him with many things.
Reason.

Nkia kuma batwasidi

Why

did they bring so

e

mbasa zayingi? many mbasa

'i

E kuma,

nzo zayingi bazolele tunga: Because they want to build many houses.

Qualified by a Relative Clause.

E nguba zayingi, zina babakidi, ke zifwene ko The many ground-nuts which they obtained are not enough.

I0O5

After wau.

Wau
Now
1

that

tusumtidi o mamia mayingi: we have bought many mamia stems.

(primary form), the
{see

6.

Before kwa,

how many
in the

but

when

kwa

is

Secondary Form

Noun never takes an Article p. 566), the Noun takes the

;
;

Article.

case

Sometimes, however, the Secondary Form is used as the Primary in that it does not take an Article, any more than the simple Primary Form in
true

kwa. The difference between the Form is very often difficult to

Secondary Form and that used as a Primary When the Secondary Form is used with the Article, the Noun has been the subject of thought and conversation and the simple question is asked as to how many of them. When the Secondary Form is used as a Primary Form, without the Article, the Noun has not been mentioned or considered specially, and the question is rather, how many,
distinguish.
if

at

all.

Primary.

Nti kwa okesele? How many trees did you fell ? Nsonso kwa ovava? How many nails do you want ? Nkumbu kwa wele? How many times did you go 1
Secondary.

The eggs

maki mpe, makwa osumbidi? too, how many did you buy

ntaku, zikwa zisidi? The ntaku, how many were left

E mfundi, zikwa nudianga muna lumbu? How many cassava puddings do you eat a day ?
When
the Secondary

Form is usedfor the Primary. Ntaku zikwa zisidi? How many ntaku are left.''
Nzo zikwa
zividi?

How many houses were burnt ? Maki makwa ozolele? How many eggs do you want ?
Kwa-ekwa and -kwa-ekwa, how many
Primary.
each, follow the

same

rule.

Mbele, kwa-ekwa babongele

?
.''

How many
Seco7tdary.

knives each did they take

E mfundi mpe, zikwa-ekwa nuzolele ? How many cassava puddings do you want, each of you ?
Secondary

Form usedfor the Primary. Maki mekwa-ekwa nulambidi? How many eggs have you boiled, each of you

3U

::

: :

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17.

In a Relative Clause

all

common Nouns

take an Article, whether the

Clause be positive or negative.

mbazl: teka e nkombo Obokele Mbandila, ona ozolele He called Mbandila, who wants to sell a goat to-morrow.

Ke vena ona unsnndidi

There
is

nene ko

no one (who

is)

greater than he.

Ana ke bazolanga
Ona, kifweno

lunda e nsiku miandi ko: Those who do not wish to keep his laws.

nata
I

nsampatu zandi ko:

Whose

shoes

am

not worthy to carry.

nkento Dina kafongele That (mat) on which the woman

sat.

Mana ke mena
Ona kavangidi

nsikn ko: Against which there is no law.

e

diambu ko

Who

had done nothing,

Tufongele vana vakedi e ndonga: We sat down where the crowd was.

Ke tutunga vana vena

matadi ko
are.

We

will not build

where the stones

ever been
ko, ke

Muna ke mwasiwa nkntu

Where no man had

muntu ko:
laid.

Kuna ke kwina
Not where

ntemo
there
is

kwau ko

no
i

light.

Kuna kulungidi

wantu

tukwenda:

We

are going to the place where the people are congregated.

maza Sia kio vana vena Put it where there is water.

Kala kuna kwina e leke yame: Remain where my boys are.
Kiaolele kota
I

muna mwina
e

tombe ko
is

do not

like to

go

into a dark place (where there

darkness).

Kuna

nsi eto,

kuna ke kwina

mfinda ko, ke

kwau ko

Not

in our country,

where there are no

forests.

Osisidi kio

He

left it

muntu ko vana ke vakedi where there was no one about.

Muna

Where

ke mwakedi ntoto ayingi ko: there was not much earth.

is

In the following sentence the Negative Clause Clause which ends at the word mo.

not part of the Relative

Ana bewanga mo, ke

be monanga wonga ko Those who hear of these things are not afraid.

: :

I007

IE
1

8.

Participle

may

initiate

a Relative Clause

in

such case the

Noun which

it

qualifies takes

an

Article.

nzo katungfidi o nleke akn:

built.

The house which your boy

wantu betunganga e nzo zau, ke bekwenda ko: The people who are building their houses need not go.

A Participle thus initiating a Relative Clause may agree with its own Object by " attraction," and the construction result which is noted at the foot of page " The Predi707, and is further explained in these notes on the Syntax, under Concord by Attraction " in such case the rule of the cate, Subjective Prefixes Relative Clause prevails, with the sole exception of the names of Persons, Styles, or Titles, which do not take the Article.

Nani okuntwasa

nsangu za

mambu mevova
ntima ame
heart loves.

se
?

aku?

Who

will

bring

me word
kizolele

of what your father says

Kina

That which

my

Belandanga e fu ivanganga They follow the customs

wantu ambi
of

bad men.

E nkombo
{this

ina ididi

m^vwa:
which ate the jackals.)

The goat which

might

the jackals ate.

be translated^ the goat

Concord by attraction; Subject a Proper Noun.

mambu mavova Nzambi Oyau kaka, ana bekwikilanga They only who believe the words which God spoke.
Nda kubasamwina mambu mampwena mkvangidi Nzambi: Go and tell them what great things God has done for you. Ne i wau uvovele mfumu
Just as the chief said.

kulele Mpukuta ke kwambote ko The place where Mpukuta sleeps is not a good one.
:

Kuna

Kuna kwayalukila Mfumu Makitu

The
place to which the chief Makitu removed.

Bansamunwini kuna kwayenda Ngudi-ankama They told me where Ngudi-ankama had gone. Tulueke muna evata muna mufwila Nsona:

We
Muna

came

into the

town

in

which Nsona died.

sapala

muna mwatunga Ngwa

ankazi Nsompi:
built.

In the copse where Uncle

Nsompi

Kuna kwina Nkwezi

Lukelo:

Where Nkwezi Lukelo is. Kuna kwina mfumu: Where the chief is.

When

there

is

Subject of the Verb, the

no " Concord by Attraction," and a Proper Noun stands as the Noun takes an Article.

: :

: : :

ioo8

I bosi

toma kutusamunwina oma kevova o Kidudu And then tell us properly what Kidudu says. Utusongele oma katusonekene o Ntima-nsieme He showed us what Ntima-nsieme wrote to us. Kazolele kunsamunwina oma kavovele o mfumu ko He does not want to tell us what the chief said.
o

Twawa

mambn mampwena kamvangidi

Particle i

Mfumu
for him.

That we may hear the great things which the Lord has done

The Demonstrative Verbal

may
i

preface a Relative Clause,

full force.

In

such case the rules as to Relative Clauses are in

Ana bena ye
It is

fu yayi

bemona

wonga
fear.

those

who have such customs who

i
it is

Konso muntu

ozolele o vioka

nulembi mwesa
to

mpasi
:

Any one who

It is
19.

wishes to pass by, he

i

whom

you must do no harm.

Ana bewanga mo
those

who

attend to these things

ke bemona e mpasi ko who do not suffer.

Article.
:

A Noun

qualified

by a Cardinal Numeral does not take an

The

following exceptions to this rule must, however, be borne in

mind
;

A Noun
or when when the
;

thus qualified takes the Article

qualified

when

it

appears in a Relative Clause

or
list

by a Demonstrative Pronoun, or Relative Clause Numeral is combined with the Demonstrative Pronoun (see the
of page 573)
;

at the foot
;

or

when

that particular

Number

is

specially definite

or after

kwa, how many ; or in quoting some well-known instance or case in point. Where the Noun forms part of a clause in which the Verb is preceded by una, wau, vava, ova, ovo, yavana, kufwila owu...ko, it takes the Article, since
it is

always

definite.

Qualified by

Numeral ;

Iitdefinite.

Sumba nsusu ya:

Buy
four fowls.

Lumbu

kimosi twele akangala One day we went for a stroll.

Tuvondele nkayi zole:

We We
Tusumbidi
e

killed

two harnessed antelopes.

Lumbu
In a Relative Clause.

tatu tulele

muna

nzila

slept three (days) nights

on the road.

kimbundi kina

mavwata masambanu

We bought a
Muna

piece of cloth which was six fathoms long.

evata dina tulele e lumbu tatu In the town in which we slept three days.
e zenzo

Vana yo kwa awana banete

tanu

Give them to those who carried

five barrels.

Vana vena
Where

mbangi

zole

there are two witnesses.

::

I009

Qualified by a Demonstrative Pronoun, or a Relative Clause.

Kizolele e
I

nkombo

zazi zau

atanu ko

do not want these

five goats.

mateva mau amatatu, ke man ko

Not these three mats.

E nsusu

tanu, zina oyikidi

The five fowls which you mentioned. E ntaku zazi makumasambanu

:

These
specially definite.

sixty ntaku.

E yandu nana
Not the

eight chairs

ngikidi, ke yau ko I mentioned.

E lumbu

ekimosi

Ufwene vo

One of the days. Nutunga e nzo eyimosi You must build one of the houses. muntu mosi ofwa, ke mu wantu awonso ko

Better that one

man (in particular) muntu omosi

:

die than

all.

One
After kwa.

of the men.

Nkumbu kwa ndenda kaya

ntaku nkama yo makumaya muna

?
?

wantu makumole

How many times can I divide 140 rods among twenty men Wantu kwa balenda nata mazitu mole? How many men can carry two loads (each) ?
Instance or case in point.

Nga

mbizi

zole,

ke zau ko zatekwa muna lutaku e Are not two fish sold for a rod
.-'

E nlungu

miole miakukwidi ezono, miakangwa e nkangwa mosi The two canoes which drifted away yesterday were tied in the same way.

With una, wau,

&^c.

E ngonde nsambwadi

ova zavioka
:

After seven (or the seven) months.

E mvu miole una milungidi When the two years were up. Una kiviokele e lumbu tanu: When the five days were over.

A Noun

qualified

by a Partitive Numeral does not take an

Article, except in

Relative Clause.

Ubavana mankondo mole-mole

Give them two plantains each.

In a Relative Clause.

E ngamba
Those

carriers

malonga matatu-matatu zina zinete who have carried three plates each.

::

; :

lOIO

20.

sessive
in

There is an idiom in which the Object of the Verb is qualified by a PosPronoun {adj.), and neither the Subject nor the Object takes an Article
;

always imphed that the Subject performs the action predicated himself, for himself, on his own account, not for any other. In this construction the Article is conspicuously absent from both Subject and Object, not even appearing as a Prefix to the Personal Pronouns.
such case
it is

Mpangi ame wateka mbwa zandi vana ezandu

My
With

brother himself sold his dogs on the market

the Articles

zandi vana ezandu

market.

mpangi ame wateka

e mbwa My brother sold his dogs on the Ngwa ankazi otunganga nzo

andi

Uncle

is

building his house himself

is

{With

the Articles :~\Jnc\e

building his house).

Kadi Kikudi ovwidi nzo andi For Kikudi has his own house. Nata kayi kiaku
Take a
{With
Help yourself
cutlass for yourself
;

the Article

Take your cutlass),

Bonga nguba zakn:

to ground-nuts, or take ground-nuts for yourself.

We

Tuzolele tunga belo kieto wish to build a quarter for ourselves.

Mono nsumba mbizi ame: I will buy my own meat. Mpangi ame wele tiama nkuni zandi

My

brother

is

gone

to get his

own

firewood.
:

We

Tuzolele solola nsi eto wish to find a country for ourselves.

Mono mpwidi lekwa yame I own my own things. Ovo onata e vevo kiame, nata mpe vevo kiaku If you carry my umbrella, take one for yourself. Kunati madia maku ko Do not take food for yourself; With the Article Do not take your food).
(

21.

When

Common Noun
it

or a Relative Clause,

is qualified by a Demonstrative Pronoun {adj.), always takes the Article, whether in a Positive or

Negative Clause.
Qualified by a Demonstrative Pronoun.

Kisumba kwame
I

nkombo yayi ko
diambu diadi ko
this affair.

will

not buy this goat.

e
:

Kalendi sweka

He

cannot hide

Kolo kingi ke bamwene e ntetembwa ina ko They did not see that star for a long while.

ion

Eatungidi e nzo yayina ko

He
You have

did not build that house.

e

Eusonekene
Tuyokele
e

ngamba
names

zazi

ko

not written (the

of) these carriers.

:

ebaya dina diambote

e nzila

We
I

burnt the good plank.

Eikakilwa
will

yayi ko

not have this road shut against me.

e

Eivwidi
I

lekwa kiaki mfunu ko

for this thing.

have no use

Qualified by a Relative Clause.

Ee

We

tuzolele o nlele una ulembi zinga ko ; do not like cloth which does not wear well,

Ee

We

tuvidisi e mbele ina watuvana ko did not lose the knife you gave us.
:

E nzo ina oyikidi yambote kikilu The house you mentioned is a fine one indeed,
Nsumbidi
I

e ngulu zina twamwene ezono have bought the pigs which we saw yesterday,
:

nleke wina Such a boy as

wan
that.

Eisnmba
I

nkombo ina wau ko

buy such a goat.

will not

Eisumba
I

nkombo ina

oyikidi ko

will

not buy the goat you mentioned.

its

22.

No

Article

comes between nkia, what^ and

Noun.

Nkia mnntu? What man Nkia ntangwa? What time 1 Nkia nkombo ifwidi?
.?

What
23. In

goat

is

dead
as^

a Clause introduced by ne or nze,

as though^ the

Nouns do not take

an Article.

Ne banza vo nzo zau zividi As though their houses were burnt.

:

Nze yandi wele vava nzimbu As if he had gone to seek some beads.
:

Ne yeno nuvwidi mbele yayi nkinzi As though you had some need of this knife.
:

They entered

Bakotele ne yau bemonanga nsoni as though they were ashamed.

:

Ne kazeye lekwa kina mfunu ko

As
if

he did not know the use of that thing.

::

: : : :

IOI2

24.

No

Article

is

used in the construction noted under " while (a

little while),'

on page 8io.

Una bafongele kimfonga-mfonga When they had been sitting a little while.
25.

The

Article

is

always present

in

subordinate sentences, whether Positive

or Negative, which are connected with the principal by

yavana,
to be.

wan
30.

wau, una, ova, vava, kadi, kufwila own...ko, with any Predicate but kala or ina,

See rule

Nzaml)i, wan kazolele kelelwa wantn e kimenga ko Since God does not desire human sacrifices.

The

simple statement would be

Nzambi kazolele kelelwa wantn kimenga ko God does not desire human sacrifices.

Wan Wan

ke vena
is

knma ko
nsikn ko

Since there

no reason.
:

ke bena

Seeing that they have no law.

Wan

ke babongele nkntn e ma ko, tnbayambwidi As they did not take anything, we let them go.

Una bamwene mnntn mnna nzo When they saw a {or the) man in the house. Una ke bamwene mnntn mnna nzo ko

When

they saw no one {or did not see the man) in the house.

Una
(///.

kafndidi nkntn
all

vova ko

Before he had finished speaking.

while as yet he had not at
finished to speak.)
:

Una

kiatnngidi e nzo ame ko Before I had built my house.

Une ke kiabwidi

e sivn ko Before the cold season set in.

Ova ke vamonekene

mnntn ko
e

Before any one appeared.

Vava ke kiasemeno
Esi
nsi,

nza ko
e

Before the creation of the world.

yavana ke bayambwidi

vonda

ndoki ko

The

people, until they abstain from killing witches

Aleke eto, kufwila own tnbalongele e fn yambote ko Our boys, although we taught them proper behaviour, Kufwila own kaleml)ele yambula e nsita zandi ko Although he did not give up his passion. tukau ko Yavana ke nukondelo nkntn So that you were lacking in no gift. wonga ubabakidi wantn awonso nsangn, una zalnaka, When the news arrived, all the people were seized with fear.
:

(///.

fear seized them.)

IOI3

No Article appears after the Conjunctions, 0V0,kaiLa, either^ or, neither, 26. nor ; ngatu, musungula, neither, nor, especially or certainly not. wiien they connect with a 7iegaiive clause or sentence neither is there any Article after When ovo, kana, ngatu, nanga, nangi, nangu, ngatu, nganu, except. musungula connect with a positive sentence, the Article is used.
;

Kukangala

ko,

ng&tu teka maza

Do
I

not walk about nor fetch water,

:

Kibasongele lulendo ko, ngatu kanga yitu yau did not behave proudly to them, nor tie up their relations.

Awonso nangu Dimbu

All but

Dimbu.
:

wantu awonso bekwenda, nangu mfumu

All the people will go except the chief.

Bonga konso nsusu

ozolele,
like,

nanga nsusu ampembe

except the white one.

Take any fowl you

Kunati nzimbu ko, ovo mbele, ovo nti, ngatu nkele Take neither money, nor a knife, nor staff, nor gun.
With Positive
Clauses.
:

o nlele wau, kana e mpu, ke diambu ko Whether this cloth, or the hat, it does not matter. Bonga konso nsusu ozolele, ovo e ekoko dina, ovo e nkento ina Take whichever fowl you like, either that cock or that hen.
27.

Kana

There

is

never any Article after the Preposition

-a, of; or after

any of

the Locatives.

Mwisi a mfomo
Tobacco smoke.

Ntambi za wantu The footsteps of people. Nzo a mfumu The house of the chief. Wele kuna belo kiandi:
:

He

is

gone

to his part of the town.

Vana

kio kwa nsusu Give it to the fowls.

Muna

nkele

In the box,

Vana fulu On the spot.

28.

When

tive Prefix,

a Narrative commences with an Impersonal Verb bearing a Locano Article ever precedes the Noun, not even when it is qualified by

a Relative Clause.

unu Vakezi muntu vana ezandu There was a man at the market to-day. Kulueke Mundele kuna evata dieto There came a white man to our town.

IOI4

Muvikukidi tembwa kiampwena

There beat down a great storm of wind.

Vakala muntu wakala yo wana audi wole There was a man who had two sons.
however, the Impersonal Verb introduces a secondary incident into a In such is prefaced to the Noun in Positive sentences. case, some Conjunction is expressed or implied in English, and^ now, too, also
If,

Narrative, an Article

or an Adverb, after that, then, at

last,

&c.
:

I bosi, vezidi o muntu After that there came a man

Vakedi mpe o nlungu vana ekumu

There was a canoe also
{Negative.)
at the beach.

Ke vakedi mpe nlungu va ekumu ko

There was no canoe
either at the beach.

Mwakala e ndonga a aleke muna nzo Now there was a crowd of boys in the house. Vamonekene o nkunzi a mfumu
: :

(After that) a

messenger from the king appeared.

{Negative.)

Ke vamonekene nkunzi a mfumu ko There appeared no messenger from the chief.

Subject,
29.

These remarks only apply to cases where the Impersonal Verb introduces the and commences the sentence.

Article to express the

be, are used with or without the have {normally), the Noun which completes the Predicate takes or omits the Article in accordance with the general rules of the Article so also when these Verbs bear an Impersonal Prefix (Locative or

When

the Verbs kala, -na, or -ina, to

Verb

to

ki- for titne), they follow the general rules.

When these Verbs precede a Noun under any other circumstances than those above noted, they are never followed by an Article. When the Verb to be is understood, but not expressed, or where the Demonstrative Verbal Particle i (which is equivalent to the Verb to be in all its parts) precedes the Noun, and serves as the Verb to be; or after the Pronominal Particles i, U, tu, twa, nu, nwa {see page 579) or or after the Particles se, ne or nze when -ina is combined with VO (bena vo) the Noun following never takes an Article, not even in a Relative Clause, and so far overrides that far-reaching
;

rule.

With kala or

-ina, to

have {normally).
:

Wina kwandi moyo He is alive (with life). Awana bena meso mole
Those who have two
eyes.

E mbizi ina ke ina nkila ko That animal has no tail {negative clause).

: :: ::

: :

IOI5

Bearing a Locative

Prefix.
:

Bafongele vana vakedi o maza They sat down where there was water.

Wele kuna kwina

mbunzi ame

He
With kala and

is

gone

to the place

where

my

brother

is.

-ina, to be,

under other circumstances.

Mbula kakala aka nkaza ame: Let her continue to be my wife. Mbula kakala nkaza ame
:

Let her be

He
I

Kazolele kala does not wish to be

my wife. mfumu ko

chief.
:

Nzolele kukula, yakala mfumu ngani wish to redeem myself, that I may be free.

Ke tukedi ntaudi zandi ko

We
Then you

were not his boys.

:

Ozevo okala kaka mpofo

will

always be a blind man.

Wau

ngina
I

mfumu aku
your
chief.

Since

am

Twakalanga ntaudi zandi

We

were his boys.

:

mbazi nkala nkwa aku To-morrow I shall be your companion. Kadi mfumu kena
:

Because he

is

chief.

The

Verb^ to be, understood.

Unkitwidi nkaza audi

He made

her

(to be) his wife.

Ovangidi kio mbele audi

He made it (to Tuwumbidi

be) his knife,

lo

kinzu

We
I

moulded

it

into (being) a cooking pot.

Ikumvanga mvwama kikilu make him (to be) a very rich man. Adiejri bankitulwidi mbundu? Why have they made a slave of me (///. me to be E nkombo ke ilendi kituka ngulu ko
will
.''

a slave)

goat cannot be transformed so as to be a pig.

Ozengele

wo
it

He

cut

it

so that

nti ankufi was a short

stick.
:

Insumbidi mbundu ame I bought him to be my slave.

Una ngyele kubatala, kinga wana aku ankazi! When I went to see them, they were your nephews
!

: ::

: :

:: :

ioi6

Tuwidi

e titi isosola, nsa,

rustle,
it

We

heard the grass

was a

nsa,

tukulukidi: we crouched down.

Aleke yau awole, Bakana yo Mpongi The two boys are Bakana and Mpongi.

wantu yau atanu, wana ame nkutu

Those
five

people are

all

my

children.
:

Ondioyo mbundu a Makitu That man is a slave of Makitu.

With

the Particles.

Kadi eyayi
For
this
i
is

i nzo eto our house.

Nga vo
As
I

mfumu

eto

for our chief

mpanga tuvangidi
That
is

kio
it.

how we made

Zizolele kala diaka i mfumu ko I do not wish to be any longer chief.

Konso ona ovanganga esumu i mbundu a esumu He who commits sin is the slave of sin. Kumoni o wonga ko, tu mpangi zaku Do not be so afraid, we are your brothers. yeno nu mfumu Ovo
If

you are
i

chiefs.

Ovo yeno
If

mfumu
chiefs.

you are the

i

Ovo yau
If

mfumu:
ngani
:

they are the chiefs.

Ovutukidi se

mfumu

He came back (being) a free man. Kansi owau se nleke ambi

But now he
is

a bad boy.

Wina kwandi ne bulu He is like an animal.

Untungila
Build
e nzo,

ne nzo aku

me

a house hke yours.

:

Kina ne
I

i wantu akaka ko am not like other people. Wina nze mfumu eto He is like our chief.

-ina vo, &c.

A mfumu
The

chiefs

Owau se Now they are orphan children. Ana bena vo i mfumu zeto
Those who are our
chiefs.

bena vo minkwikizi who are Christians. bena vo wana ansona

:

::

: :

IOI7

Relative sentence.

Kina kina ne nsongo Which is hke copper.

30.

After an Auxiliary

Verb the

Infinitive

Noun never

takes an Article

otherwise the Infinitive

Noun

follows the rule of other Nouns.

After zola

it

is

sometimes dispensed with.

Toma nata

Carry carefully.

You

will

Osinga kwenda: go all in due course.

Bevika luaka They will soon be here.

After any other Verb the Infinitive
ing to the general rules above given.

Noun

takes, or omits the Article accord-

Misundidi lambuka They are longer,

Nani
Balutidi

ozolele

sumba kio?
it ?

Who
zola e

wishes to buy

mbika ke

mu

mbizi ko

They

preferred gourd pips to meat.

Bazolele kikilu They want very N.B.

kwenda
much
to go.
iti

The rules which regulate the use of

the Article

combination with

other parts of speech, or members of the sentence^ are here given that all together, and thus afford better means of comparison.
31.

may

be

The Adjective konso,

^^^/it,

^t/^ry,

always precedes
it

its

an Article Prefix, neither does the Noun under any circumstances.

receives

qualifies take

Noun, but never an Article

Konso muntu kenda kwandi

Any one may

Konso
etadi, etadi
(///.

go.

kwandi
is

Any

stone will do

any stone

a stone).

Bokela konso muntu Call any one.

Konso aleke banata yo Any boys may carry them.

32.

The Secondary
as a Prefix.

Adjective -aka, some^ takes the Article Proper to

its

Noun

Ezaka ntangwa Some times. Eyaka lekwa Some things.

Article or otherwise.

The Personal Pronouns follow the rule of the Nouns as to the use of the They receive the Article as a Prefix when a Noun would have it, and dispense with it when it would be absent in a Noun.
33.

:: : :

[oi8

The Personal Pronouns, however,

curt assertion
;

or before

take no Article prefix in a reply or in a kaka, and aka, only ; or after a Locative or after
;
;

OVO, or kana, either^ or; or after the Particle

also rule 20.

or in a Negative Clause

see

With

the Article Prefix.

Wau

vo oyandi mpe mwisi Ekongo Since he too is a Kongo.

Oyeto tumvovese vo We said to him that.

Oyeno nu akwa ngangu

You

are the wise ones.

Oyau mpe benda dia They too may go and eat.

Reply.

mwisi Ekongo nani ? Yandi Which is the Kongo This is he.

.?

Nani

Who
Nani ofilanga
e

Mono i muntu I am the man. mpaka? Yeto kweto

?
.?
.''

kibeni

Who

raises objections

We

ourselves do so.
:

Nani ovntukidi ?

Mono kwame
?

Who

has returned

I.

Nani utumini ?

Yandi kibeni

Who sent you ? He himself. Nani i mfumn ? Ngeye i mfumn Who is chief.? You are the chief.
Curt assertion.

Mono i mfumu a evata I am the chief of the town. Yandi i nleke ame, untuma ovo ozolele wo He is my servant, send him if you like. Mono kwame i Mvungudi ambote I am the good Shepherd.
Before kaka.

Mono kaka nzeye

I

dio

only

know

it.

After a Locative.

Ovene kio

kwa mono
it

He

gave

to

me.

Oko kwa yeno

To
After
i.

you.

Vo

mono
for

As

me.
:

Edi babenze, i mono They think that it is I.

: :

IOI9

Bena ne
They
Ovovele nze

yeto

are like us.

i

yandi

He
Jn a Negative Clause.

speaks like him.

Eansi ke mono ko
But
After ngatu, nangn, or ovo.
it

is

not

I.

Ke yandi

ko, ngatu Neither he nor

mono
I.

Konso muntu nangu yandi Any one but he. Ovo ngeye, ovo yandi, ke diambu ko
:

Either you or he,

34.

it

does not matter.

The Personal Pronouns take the Article Prefix before the Demonstrative even without it, when comparisons, or contradistinctions are i, or being made also before mpe, too^ also, as well; or after musungnla, or ngatu, especially, in particular, when it connects with a Positive Clause,
Particle
;

otherwise the Article Prefix

is

absent.

Comparisons, ^'c.

Omono i mfamn, oyeno am the chief, you are the

i

leke

servants.

Oyeto

asnkami, ongeye

mvwama
my

We

are poor people, you are rich.

:

Ovo wantn akaka balembeie kwenda, omono, kwenda nkwenda

If other people will not go,
I

(for

part) will.

Mpe,

dr'c.

Omono mpe, nzeye tanga I also know how to read. Oyau mpe bene ye ngangu

They too are clever. Musungula oyeno, longa iknnulonga

Especially you,
I will

teach you.
esi belo

Nzolele
I

wantn awonso benda, musungnla oyeno

all

kiame

want

the people to go, especially you

Oyeto awonso

mpe

tuzolele

who belong to my toma vwata

quarter.

All of us too,

we wish

to dress well.

Musungula and ngatu after a Negative Clause. Ke vekwenda muntu ko, musungula ngeye
aleke ko, ngatu yandi did not see any boys, certainly not him.
:

No one Kimwene

shall go, especially you.

35.

"When the Personal Pronouns are

qualified

by -awonso,

all,

they do not

take the Article Prefix unless they are preceded by

particular, or followed by

musungula,

especially, in

mpe,

also, too, as well.

: :

I020

Tuzolele o kwenda, yeto awonso

We
He
will

want

to go, all of us.

Kekubavondesa
not put

ko,

yau awonso
Yeto awonso With us all.

all

of them to death.

Akinani tukwenda yau ? With whom shall we go

.''

36. After e kuma, and such words stating or requiring a reason, the Personal Pronouns take the Article Prefix, unless the case is exceptional, or in that case the Article Prefix is kaka, only^ is expressed or understood
;

absent.

E kuma

kadi oyeno, zonza kwingi Because you are very quarrelsome.

Kadi
Exceptional.

oyeto,

kwiza tukwiza

Because we are coming.

Kadi yeno nuzolele kumwesa

Because you
like to

e mpasi zazi: bring this trouble upon yourselves.

With kaka.

Kadi yandi kaka basadisi

Because they only helped him.
37.

ye, or yo, are simply preceded by the Article

list

Adverbs derived from Nouns, when not formed with the Locatives, or ya, this will be apparent from the on page 604. When such an Adverb is brought out of its normal position,
;

so that instead of following the Verb,

it

precedes

it,

the Article

is

dropped.

when they precede the Verb, when they are highly emphatic : nganu, luku, e mbanu, In the same way elelo. mbatu, ngatu, masika, mbazi, unu, the Locative Adverbs and Prepositions take the Article as a Prefix, when

The

following Adverbs of time

may

take their Article

specially emphatic,

and preceding the Verb.

E kuma

kadi,

nswalu kabamwene
:

Because he saw them quickly.

Kadi malembi kediatanga

Because he walks slowly.

Mbazi kekwiza

He comes to-morrow. Mbatu okuna yo

:

Plant

it

later

on

in the day.

Ngovo nutambwidi, nuvana

ngovo

Freely you have received, freely give.

Ezaka ntangwa betela ikwendanga

Sometimes they
coincide.

Kimfundu-mfundu kevovanga

He speaks in whispers. Lumonso ketanga He plays left-handedly.

I02I

specially emphatic.

unu okwenda
This very day he

will go.

mbanu okwiza
He
will

be sure

to

come
:

presently.

fuku wele

He

actually went by night.

Locative Adverbs specially emphatic.

Okoko

kena

He

is

there (with you).

Omuna tukunwaiia
There we
shall surely

meet him.
:

Ovava ke vau ko
Not
Locative Adverbs specially emphatic.
there.

Oktma nzo At the house

Not

kumwene ko
ke
is

?
1

do you not see him

Okwaku kwina

o maza, here where there

kwau ko

water.
:

Ovavana ezandu There on the market.

38. In simple statements the Adverbs, nswalu, quickly; malembe, gently; but an kieleka, truly; kikilu, indeed, are not preceded by an Article Article appears in the phrase, e kieleka kiau, surely.
;

Wenda nswalu

Go quickly. Nata malembe kikilu

Carry
it

very gently.

Toma kunsamunwina Tell me truly.

kieleka:

39. After

kuma,
i

kuma
i,

kiki, e

dianu, diau,

diau didi,

nkia

kuma kadi, okala vo kadi, kuma? e kuma? adieyi? and

kadi, such

words stating or requiring a reason, the Adverbs, malembe, and nswalu, e kieleka, take their Articles, when they assume their normal position following the Verbs they modify.

E kuma

kadi,
it

kwenda
was

nswalu, diampasi
go quickly.

Because

difficult to

I diau didi ndembele kio natina malembe That is why I did not carry it carefully.

I tuvovelanga nswalu That is why we talk rapidly.

Adieyi nuzolele dio kunsamunwina e kieleka wau? Why do you want to tell me truthfully about it now ?
3

I022

40.

the Article proper to the the case

The Conjunction and Preposition Noun following

ya, and, or with, may combine with it, and thus become, ya, ye, orjo, as
Article,

may

require

in so

doing

it

follows the rules of the Article, combining

in those cases in

which a Noun takes an

and not combining where an

Article should be absent, except in the cases noted below,

Wenda ye vevo kiaku

Go
Banete o
loso,

with your umbrella.

^,

ye ntaku, yo mungwa, yo malonga, ye nsonso, yo nkele mosi They carried rice, and salt, and plates, and nails, and one gun.

41. When the Conjunction and Preposition ya, ye, or yo, is used in a Negative Clause, the first time it occurs it does not combine with the Article, except in those cases in which a Noun would take it ; as in a Relative clause, &c., see the rules above. The second and any subsequent occurrences

combine with the

Article.

Ke tuna ya kwanga ye mMzi ko

We

have no kwanga or meat.

ml)ele

Ke tuna ya

ko

We
I

have no

knife.

Kina ya mwana akaka ko

have no other
child.
:

Ke

twizidi ya nkele ye mbele yo maswanga ko We have not come with guns and knives and spears.

Relative Clause Negative.

Mana ke makedi yo mfunu ko:

Nuvondele You have
After wan, ^c.

Which were useless. muntu kena ye diambu ko killed a man who was innocent.
kina ye nzo ko

Wau

Now that I have no house. Una kakedi yo mwana ko When he had no child.
42.

Ya, ye, or yo, are used before Nouns

qualified

by a Numeral.
:

Tukwenda ye mfumu

zole

We

shall

go with two

chiefs.

43. When ya, ye, or yo, are used before konso, whichever, any, &c., they agree with the Noun or Pronoun qualified by the konso.

Yo konso nti: And every tree. Ye konso nkombo And any goat. Yo konso ona And any one who
:

::

: :

I023

Ye konso zina And any which

44.

used without an Article before the Names of Person^, when the is not a personal acquaintance it carries with it the Enghsh idea of, a certain, or some one na?ned.

Ya

is

Person

in

question

Bele ya Tezo They went with a certain Tezo. Vana ezandu dina bawananini ya Mpandu On that market they met with a person named Mpandu. I bosi bavambanini ya Ntoni Then they separated from (the man) Ntoni.
45.

Ya

is

pressed, or

when any unusual

used without combination with the Article, when surprise is exor astonishing circumstances are spoken of.

mfumu wekala ya nzimbu zingi The chief had a great deal of money. Ne yeno nwatuka ya moyo muna mafwa As if you had come back alive from the dead. Owau wina ya wana engi: Since you have many children. Bena ya kiese kingi They are very happy.

[p.7o8.]THE

POSITION OF ATTRIBUTES.

In the preceding consideration of the " Attributes of the Subject " there are given sentences which may serve to illustrate also the position of such attributes in the sentence ; there will be found also certain rules on pp. 708-9,
It

needs further

to

be noted that

in

the Possessive Pronoun has the precedence, and stands next to

in order

a series of qualifying words and clauses next its Noun

;

come Numerals,
;

or the Demonstrative Pronoun, or combinations of

;

both

qualification

then the most characteristic, or important attribute then any further if there are more than one remaining, then -ampa, ^wy -ankulu, old; -ambote, good; -ambi, bad; and such qualifications rank last in mention.
;

E mbele aku

yayi:

This knife of yours.

Nsusu zeno tatu

Your three
fowls.

E
malonga

nti

miau antatu miambote Those three good trees,

mame maya manti mampembe mampa mambote My four good new white wooden plates.
Eouso.
precedes the

Konso,
qualifies.

each^ any, every, always

Noun

or

Pronoun which

it

Konso muntu Any man.

"aj^a, ~aaica<

The
other,

shorter form, -aka,

is

practically the
its

some more,

-aka precedes
its

Secondary Form of -akaka, so>ne, Noun, concording with it, and taking the
as a Prefix.
its

Article proper to the Class of

Noun

The

longer, or Primary form, -akaka, follows

noun.
:

Ezaka usonso or Some

;

nsonso zakaka

nails.

Akaka

is

preferred with

Nouns

of the ist Class plural,

and precedes
;

its
it

Noun, unless it implies some more, or follows a Preposition follows its Noun.

in that

case

Akaka antu

Other or some people

bazolele zo like them.

:

wantu akaka balueke Some more people have come. Muna diambu dia wantu akaka
For the sake of other people.

::

1025

Otherwise -aka is generally to be translated by so vie ; -akaka, by other; -aka...-akaka or -aka... aka..., in comparisons, by some. ..other.
.

Ezaka ntangwa bekwizanga,

ntangwa zakaka ke bekwizanga ko

at other

Sometimes they come,

times they do not.

Emiaka

nti misavukidi,
trees

emiaka ke misavukidi ko
not.

Some

have budded, others have

Kwame,
;

&c.
follow

The Pronouns kwame, kwakn, kwandi, kweto, kweno, and kwan,

;

immediately after the Predicate but an Objective Pronoun has precedence, if there be one when there is an Auxiliary (or Auxiliaries), it comes after the principal Verb. Bele kwan They have gone.
Kizolele
I

kwame kwenda ko
to go.
:

do not wish

Onete yo kwandi

He
Kizolele
I

carried

it.

mo kwame

soneka ko

do not wish

to write them.

Adieyi nnlembele vika zo natina kweno? Why did you not carry them off quickly 1

The
When

Predicate.

combinations of two or more verbs.

two or more Verbs, connected by the Conjunction yo, combine as one the first alone receives the Subjective Pronominal and Tense Prefixes, the other Verbs appear in the Infinitive mood, bearing any Objective No Objective Pronominal Prefixes which may appear on the first Verb.
Predicate,

Pronoun

is

repeated.

Nunlanda yo knnlemvokela
Follow and obey him.

Bampavidi yo knnsolola They sought and found me. Nntoma knbakayisa yo knbatambnla
Greet them
well,

and accord them a

reception.

With an Objective Pronomi.

We

Tnbongele zo yo toma Innda took them, and carefully kept them.

Finish

Fnla dio yo knfika: it then, and make it short.

The Auxiliary Verbs.

When the idiom requires that the Verb which receives the Auxiliary should be preceded by its Infinitive Noun, or the nth Derivative Noun (see page 532), which is formed by prefixing the light nasal to the stem, it is never the

: :

I026

Infinitive

Noun, or the nth Derivative Noun of the Auxiliary which thus

precedes, but always that of the principal Verb.

I
(///.

ngyenda ndembele kwenda This is why I did not go

;

This

is

the going

failed to go.)

I ndata kalendele Mo nata This is how he was able to carry

it.

Bansanrnnwini e mpaika kavikidi vaika They told me how soon he went out.

Kwenda kelembi kwenda He will not go. Sumba yadi kio snmba, kansi
I

should have bought

it,

but
o

Luaka tunanga luaka

mbazi

We

shall

perhaps arrive to-morrow.

THE ORDER OF COMBINED AUXILIARIES.

will assist one Verb, in such case the Negative Auxiliaries take the first precedence, lemba, -lembi, kambwa, -adi next in order of precedence are those of certainty {delayed), za, singa, sa next, possibility, nanga then, those of time, then, potentiality, lenda, fwete or position in point of time, teka, vika, vita, -kanini, -kini (Bako.) next, the Auxiliary Verbs, baka, bonga, tnka then, those of manner, toma,
;

Sometimes more than one Auxiliary

kwama,
It
is

sala and lastly, those of completeness, mana and vwa. probably correct that zola, to want, when followed by the Infinitive Noun without its Article, is an Auxiliary Verb it takes the precedence of all the Auxiliaries an Objective Pronoun, if there be one, immediately precedes
; ; ;

except when the Auxiliaries mana and vwa are employed ; ; these two Auxiliaries immediately precede the principal Verb, and the Obthe principal Verb
jective

12
-adi

Pronoun must precede them.

3

4
Possibility.

7
(?)

9
""

Want.

Negative.

Certainty.

Potentiality.

Time.

Manner.

^,7,'f

zola

lemba
-lembi

kambwa

za singa sa

nanga lenda
-fwete

teka vika
vita
-ka,nini

baka bonga tuka

toma
sala

mana kwama vwa

-kini

EXAMPLES.

They

will

Baza nanga lenda vika toma kio vwa katnla then most probably be soon able to completely take
careful

it

away

in

manner.
:

Bazolele teka mana luaka They wish to arrive all of them (completely) Adieyi balembele kwama kwizila? Why do they not come constantly ? Bafwete vika luaka: They ought to be here very soon.

first.

: :: :

I027

Awana balembi
Those who
will fail to g-o

singa kwenda: when the proper time comes.

Olenda toma dio soneka, ovo ozolele You can write it well, if you care to do

wo
so.

E nzimbn zame
All

zawonso kabongele zo mana

my money

dia, odidi zo he must needs appropriate completely.

(In recounting the outrageous circumstances of the last example, a

good orator would introduce thus the Verb bonga, and state what was done, and then repeat the statement, odidi zo, the whole interested part of the audience repeating the odidi ZO with him at the same time tiiis is a very effective style of harangue, the audience being in this way worked up into excitement and indignation, and thus the point is carried.)
;

The Complement of the Predicate.

In English the Verb to be admits of an Adjective as
its

complement

in

never the case, only Nouns or Adverbs (or Noun or Adverbial sometimes the Verb to be is transformed into the Verb Clauses) can so serve to have {to be with), to get over the difficulty. Unless an Adverb is preferable, a Noun or Noun Clause corresponding to the adjectival idea in English is used where the idea is participial, the Infinitive Noun serves to express it. In Relative Clauses the Particle vo follows immediately after the Verb to be, when a Noun is its complement.

Kongo

this is

Akwa umvwama

bena or mvwama bena They are rich. Kuna makasi kena

;
:

He

is

angry.

Eena diaka ku makasi ko He is no longer angry.

Bena ye kiese kingi ///. They have great happiness. Awana kaka bena vo avimpi yo kumama Only those who are healthy and strong. Kuna kwa awana bena vo minkwikizi yo zolwa: To those who are faithful and beloved. Awana bena mvwama mu nsangi a kiese Those who are rich as well as happy.
:

They

are very

happy

Verbs of Restricted Sense.

Certain Verbs indicating motion concern themselves only with the place

from which the action proceeds, and not

the action tends
;

at all with the direction

to

towards which

among them

are,

migrate from. When is mentioned, or the motion is viewed in both its aspects, from and towards, either the Applied Form must be used before the place or the Verbs kwenda, to go, or towards (the place from being omitted) kwiza, to come, must be made use of. Kulumuka, to descend to, refers to the place to which the descent is made, and the above rule must be adjusted

yaluka,

to

go away from, to leave; and the place from is of no moment, while the
katuka,

place tozvards only

accordingly.

::

I028

Katuka muna nzo Go out of the house. Bekulumuka ova nsi

:

They

will

come down

to the ground.

wantu awonso bakatukidi muna nlungu,

All the people got out of the canoe (and

bezidi kuna eseke came) on the beach.

:

Bayalukidi kuna Ngombe a Ntumba, bele kuna Mputu-Kasongo They migrated from Ngombe a Ntumba to Mputu-Kasongo.

Bakatukila kuna nsi akaka: They went away to another country.

Subjective Prefixes.
noted that Kongos are most careful that the Subject of conversation should be the Subject of the Verb. In a narrative it often happens that there is no one Subject, but a course of circumstances, or actions are being narrated in such case, various Subjects occupy the attention one after the other, and for the time being rule sentence after sentence, until superseded by other matter but the Subject for the time being is paramount, and if necessary the Passive or Middle Voice is used, or even the Passive of the Middle Voice, in a way and extent which is strange to those who are used to European Syntax, but which is nevertheless perfectly
621
it

On page

is

correct as ideal

Grammar and

Syntax.

This idiom prevails even in the presence of a Relative Pronoun, which although the object, is emphatic, and takes the first place in the clause, as is
seen in the following sentences
:

Ona bafwilwa

He who

///. Him by whom they were Bamwene mpe ona batungila e nzo They saw him for whom they built the house.

died for them

died

for.

Prefix after Compound Subjects.

710 the rules given from "when the predicate possesses" (line 11) to the end of the page must be superseded the statement that the Verb concords with the first of two subjects if emphatic is not correct. Out of many subjects the last mentioned rules the Verb assumes the Prefix proper to the Number and Class of the last named ; but if one of the Subjects is personal, the Personal Noun rules and where one person is specially mentioned with
;
; ;

On page

his subordinates, the person

may

rule the Verb.

nkele zaku yo makuba maku malueke Your boxes and bales have arrived.

Nguba ye kwa yambalu kikilu Ground-nuts and potatoes are exceedingly dear.

nzo zandi yo masole mandi mataikidi His houses and forest clearings are sold.

Mundele ye mbongo zandi wizidi The White-man and his goods have come. mfumu Makitu ya aleke audi wele kuna evata diaku The chief Makitu and his retainers have gone to your town.

I029

mfumu

Leopold ye ndonga kikilu wizidi tala

lekwa yatnka kuna

Ekongo
King Leopold and a great crowd has come to see the things which came from the Kongo.
e ndinga audi The dead, and even the winds, obeyed his voice. Nangii olenda ye ndonga andi banwana ye esi evata dina

Ana bafwa, ye tembwa mpe, bawanga

Perhaps he

is

able, with his party, to fight (that they should fight) with the

people of that town.

In this case the Subject of olenda

and

his party (pi.)

become the Subject

of

nwana.

Prefix after Collective Nouns.

After Collective
Prefix proper to

Prefix proper to

Nouns (though singular in form) the Verb may wear the or the plural the Class and Number of the Collective Noun the Noun to which the Collective Noun refers or rather, the
; ;

Noun which
Nouns

Noun whether
are few.

expresses the individuals considered collectively in the Collective such Collective such Noun is expressed or understood

Mbidi a wantu wafwa {or bafwa) Great numbers of people died.

Ndonga yingi

A
Bemba kingi

bele {or yele) anlandi great multitude went after him.

(kia mbizi za maza) kibakamene {or zibakamene) A great shoal (of fish) was caught.

Prefix after Personal and Personified Nouns.

In agreeing with
persons, the Verb

many Personal Nouns of various classes, may receive a Prefix of the ist Class, but in
ist

Noun must be

prefaced by the Article of the

Class

(if

considered as such case the any Article appears

at all), not the Article proper to its

own

Class, although the Attributes of the

;

personification.

own Class the ist Class Article indicates the olueke, the chief has come ; here the 2nd Class Noun, mfumu, is brought into the ist Class and thus personified otherwise it is mbuta aku wizidi, your relative has come^ or, e mfumu ilueke.
with
its

Noun may concord

mfumu

mbuta aku

izidi.

Tulundanga

We

o malongi batulongele o mase meto keep the teachings which our fathers taught us.
selo kiaku,
If

ovo ozolele o kwiza

your steward likes to come.

A mfumu
The
Animals,
trees,

chiefs of the country

za nsi ke bazolele wo ko: do not like it.

and

things,

may be

thus personified,

if

moment supposed

to hear, see, think, speak, or act,

and the Verb

they are for the receives a

personal prefix accordingly.

The Seasons may be

thus personified.

ngo vo, Ngongo ame The Leopard said, I do not want

to.

I030

Sivu, ovo obwidi

When

the Cold Season has set

in.

Prefix after Conjunctions of Time.

Conjunctions of Time, wau, una, OVa, vava, yavana, &c., or even where they are understood, the Verb assumes an Impersonal prefix, ki(lumbu, kolo, tandu, or some such noun of time being understood).
After the

Una ke kiasumbiln

o nti ko Before the tree was bought.

Una kivene o mfumu o nswa When the chief gave permission.

Wan
Now

kizidi o

mayela

mama
:

that this epidemic has come.

"Wanna kiafnlwa Kristn mnna mafwa

I

Since Christ has been raised from the dead.

That

nsonama kiasonama o mambn is how the words were then written.

:

Concord by Attraction.
There is a singular idiom in Relative Sentences by which the Verb takes Subjective Prefix " by attraction " from the Noun immediately preceding
although
it is

its
it,

being actually the Object. It appears that the Subject in such sentences follows the Verb, rather than come between it and the Relative, and the Verb assumes the prefix proper to the word which immediately precedes it.
not really
its

Subject at

all,

E lekwa
The The

kina kizolele o
thing which

mwana ame

my
:

child wants.

This sentence might also be translated

thing which loves {or wants)

my

child. at the foot of

707.

This is the explanation of the singular construction noted Further examples are here given
:

page

Bazikidi

They buried

the

mnntn ndiona ovondele e esi evata man who was killed by the towns-folk, or who killed Tnmwene e nkombo isnmbidi Kipati
:

them.

We
I

saw the goat which Kipati bought.

Ntambwidi
Batwese They brought
In the
e

nkanda watnsonekena Mpongi

letter

have received the

which Mpongi wrote to

us.
:

nkayi yasikidi

Makwekwe
Makwekwe

ezono

the antelope which

shot yesterday.

same way

there

may be an

"Attracted'' Subject to Intransitive Verbs.

:

Vana esambn diame divwende Kiantongona At my side sat Kiantongona. Knna Kindinga, evata diakete, diekala omaka makangn mame
At Kindinga, a small town, were some
friends of mine.

Unsamunwina knna kwatnka Tell me where the honey came

wiki
from.

: :

I03I

Some such "Concord by Attraction" following singular idiom. Where an action

class,

as above noted must explain the

or thing, the

is only performed by one particular Predicate concords with the Object. The Passive or

Middle Voice would appear to be more appropriate, but the Active is used and the Verb " by attraction " takes as its Subject the Subject of conversation.

madia mama, mfumu media

Only chiefs eat
Sickness
this food.

mayela, ndoki melokanga is only caused by witches.

:

Ezaka ntangwa wantu kwandi zituntanga nzaza Sometimes only men haul the barges. nlele, Mindele ukubanga
:

Only White-men weave

cloth.

E mvwatu,
E

akala mitunganga: Only men sew clothes.

mfundi, akento zilambanga Only women cook puddings.

Objective Pronominal Prefixes.

Pronominal Prefix, the form and use are given in the Grammar on pp. 670-87, and in the Syntax on page 716. In the latter place it is noted that they are not applied to the Auxiliary, but to the principal Verb. Such a sentence as
of the ist Class only can be represented by a
rules as to their
:

Nouns

Nanga tukunlenda
Perhaps we
;

baka

shall

be able to catch him,

is no exception to the rule the Article before the Infinitive Noun shows that lenda is not serving as an Auxiliary, but as an ordinary Verb, and so receives the Objective prefix, which might appear with equal correctness on the Infinitive Noun, baka, thus
:

Nanga tulenda
Many Adverbs
*'

kumbaka.

Modifications of the Predicate.

take an Article
:

the rules which determine the use of the

Article with the Adverb, &c., are given in this

Appendix

to the Syntax,

under

The

Attributes of the Subject

The Article Rules 37-39."

The

influence of

the Adverbs and Adverbial Clauses on the Pronominal prefix of the 3rd Person
singular
is

noted in the Grammatical Section of this Appendix, under "

The

Pronoun

Subjective

Pronominal Prefixes."

Ne, nze.
Ne, and nze,
i

as, like as,

as though, take the Demonstrative Verbal Particle

them, when they precede a Noun qualified by a Demonstrative or when they commence a clause indeed, wherever the verbal idea as though {it were), &^c., is to be implied.
after

Relative Pronoun, or

Kina ne

It is like (as

disu dia lulungu, dina dimenene though it were) a pepper seed, which grew.
:

Ne luvuma lua titi i kevempokela Like a flower of the grass he will disappear.

:: :

1032

Otherwise.

Wina ne bulu He is like an animal.

^

Particles of Negation.

two Negative sentences are joined by ne or nze, as though, Just as ./, ^^""'^^ '^^ ^' ""^''^''^'^ ^^^ ^^-^ Partick of Nega"^ ' do^fann. tion appears once only, and that at the end of the combined sentences.

When

"

Kumpangi diau adimosi ne ki mfumu eno ko Do not treat me as though I were not your chief.
Kunati
e nkele

Do
Do

ne banza vo ke izita ko
it

not carry the box as though

were not heavy.

ki makangu maku ko me as though I were not your friend. Kufwila own ngina vo ki mfumu ko Not losing sight of the fact that I am not the chief.
not speak of

Kungika ne

Position of Modifiers of the Predicate.

Ko, mo, vo.

The Locatives, ko, mo, vo, kuma, muma, and vuma, used
follow the rules

of

the

unkwa,

are really the Objective Pronouns proper to adverbially, but in the matter of position they Objective Pronoun (page 716). The

Conjunction

verbal to some extent in character, and follows the rules as to the position of the Auxiliaries (page 711).
lest, ,s

He

Ozolele ko kota wishes to enter there.

:

Kazolele ko kota ko

He does not wish to enter there. Maza mavaikidi mo ezono

:

Water flowed from

that place yesterday.

Unkwa mo wana ma
Lest that he should find something therein.

Mpe.
especially refers to the Verb, or to its Object, follows immediately after the Verb ; nothing can intervene but the Objective Pronoun but that also may follow the mpe; indeed, it is preferable for the sake of H-uphony, if for no other reason, that the Objective Pronoun should follow the
it

Mpe,

also, too,

when

mpe; nata mpe

would be correct

dio

is

more euphonic than nata did mpe, although

either

in Syntax.

Bekwenda mpe kuna Lukunga

They go
also to

Lukunga.
:

Tubamwene mpe

We

saw them

too.

Londa mpe vava

Mend here too. Nata mpe dio kuna nzo

Carry
it

also to the house.

: :: :

I033

Kwiza kekwizk mpe He will come too.

When mpe

is

the Subject, but after

Noun and any

especially connected with the Subject, the mpe follows any Adjective qualifying the Noun ; but between the Adjectival Clause.

more

E nguba mpe, ke zisumbwanga

diaka ko

Ground-nuts also are no longer being bought.

nzo aku mpe ividi Your house too is burnt.

Mama mpe
These

bevanga

things, too, they will do.

Oyetd mpe, tuzolele

wo

We, too, like it. E nsusu zandi mpe, zina katwela, zabilama
His fowls,
too, that

he kept were very numerous.

When mpe more

especially modifies a combination of the Demonstrative

i,

Pronoun with the Verbal Particle Personal Pronoun. I yandi

the

mpe comes

after the

Subjective

mpe yuyu:
it is

He
I

too.

wau mpe wuwu

So
it is

too.

I diau mpe didi This too is why.

Nkutu, diaka, kaka, aka.

at all, even, indeed, on no account, never ; diaka, again; kaka, and aka, only, always, when referring especially to the Verb or to its Object, follow immediately upon the Verb, the Objective Pronoun or mpe only being allowed to intervene.

The Adverbs nkutu,

Nkutu, kaka, and aka, may

intervene.
it

refer to the

Subject

only Adjectives

may

When

referring to the Demonstrative

follows the Subjective Personal Pronoun. Adverbs, and accordingly follow immediately after them, Verb.

Pronoun combined with i, They sometimes modify other

if

they precede the

Kunsimbi nkutu ko

On no account touch me. Ke tumwene kio nkutu ko:

We did

not see

it

at

all.
:

"Wenda dio nata diaka Go and carry it again. Sumba kaka masele mole Buy only two masele (fish). Besinsanga aka o kumbaka They are always trying to catch him. Akaka nkutu babayambwidi bakota They even allowed other people to enter.
:

::

: ::

1034

yau kaka yaya bekwenda

Only these are
to go.

wau mpe wuwu

tuvovele

And so we said. Sa nkutu nwamona

Indeed you
will

soon see him.

Owau nkutu wizidi He is even now come.

Nkutu may come between
the Auxiliary and
its

Verb.

Toma nkutu kunsimba

Hold him indeed
carefully.

Adverbs which Precede the Verb.

page 713 certain Adverbs and Adverbial Phrases are mentioned as preceding the Verb which they modify to those must be added i bosi, deke,
;

On

nangu (perhaps), okalokala, e elelo, kwakwiziwa, and other variations of that Adverb based on kwiziwa, kwendewa, and tukwa. Other Adverbs may precede the Verb when specially emphatic.
kasikila, kosi, kole, nanga, nangi, e ntete, se, sa, sanga, singa, oku
I bosi

tukwenda

After that

elelo

we will go. nutungulukidi

This time you have been found

out.
:

Owau

ntangwa ifwene
it is

Now

time.

Position of the Particles of Negation.

The general rule given on page 607, to the effect that the Particles ot Negation include within them the clause to be negatived, needs only to be supplemented by the following remarks When the Verbs kala or -ina, to be^ are followed by the Particle VO, in such cases as those given below, or before combinations of the Locatives with -ina, the second Particle of Negation precedes the VO, or the Locative, as the case may be. The ko is sometimes heard at the end of the clause, but the rule above given is considered as more correct.
:

Kufwila owu kena ko vo

Although he
is

Wau
I

ke bena ko vo

mwana ame my son. makangu mandi

Since they are not his friends.

did not

Kisamunwini muntu ko vovo nwina tell one of you (///. any man among you). Ke mayikwanga nkutu ko vovo nwina Let them not even be mentioned among you.

Adverbial Clauses Position of Component Parts.

Subordinate Clauses which are connected with the principal by wau, una, ova, vava, yavana, wau kadi, kufwila owu...ko, and such Conjunctions,

: :

I035

first

state their

own

Subject,

if

there be a

Noun

or Pronoun as Subject
It is

then

the Conjunction, then follows the rest of the sentence.

convenient to put the Subject in

sentence or clause.

sometimes more the emphatic position at the end of the

mfumu

eto,

wau kekwenda ko, omono mpe kikwenda Since that our chief is not going, I will not go.

kwame ko
:

Mpongi, kufwila owu kele ko ko, kitwika kio ko Although Mpongi has gone there, I will not send it.

E mvu maknmaya una milungidi When the forty years were complete.
Nsona, ovo ozolele wo; or, Ovo ozolele wo, o Nsona
If

Nsona

likes.

Kipati,
or,

yavana kekwiza Yavana kekwiza, o Kipati

Until Kipati comes.

The
The

Object.

rules of Syntax as to the Object are, in

many

respects, identical with

those which govern the Subject, especially those which concern the Attributes. The rules as to the presence or absence of the Article before the Object, will be found under " The Subject."

The Objective Pronoun.

more Nouns, the Objective Pronoun concords in number and class with the last-named Noun, if Pronoun is required
the Object consists of two or
at
all.

When

meza mame ye kiandu kiame nunata kio

Carry

my

table

and

chair.
:

E mpu
Do

ye vevo ke nusiai kio ko not leave behind the hat and umbrella. yo mabindwa, o

E mini

Mvemba wina mau

yo.

Mvemba

has the candle and matches.

The Object with

When
the Subject of the

by konso, each, every, and the Object by the Possessive Pronoun, the Object must be preceded by the

Verb

is

qualified

Preposition ya, ye, or yo, with. The same rule prevails in English in the It may be case of Intransitive Verbs, but not in the case of Transitives. objected, however, that Intransitive Verbs have no Object, some further exis therefore necessary. In English an Intransitive Verb in combination with a Preposition may To go is an Intransitive Verb, but by combination become a Transitive.

planation of the preceding remark

with the Preposition into

{to go-into),

it
:

becomes a Transitive Verb, as

its

synonym,

to enter.

So we say

in

English

They went

in every

man

with his sword in his hand.

The English idiom admits then

the usage of the Preposition with, in com-

: : :

1036

bination with what are otherwise Intransitive Verbs,

when the

subject of the

Verb

is

qualified

by each or every.

They came every man with

i.e.

his

gun

Every man came-with

his gun.
:

We
No

went away each of us with a new coat i.e. Each of us went-away-with a new coat.
is

such combination

possible in English with Transitive Verbs

is

in the

case of Transitives the with

omitted, thus

They found every man

his gun.

We
In

received each of us a

new

coat.

Kongo
is

the Preposition ya, ye, or yo, with., has to appear, whether the

Verb

Transitive or Intransitive,

when

the Subject

is

qualified

by konso, and

the Object by a Possessive Pronoun.

Bezidi kwau, konso muntu yo nkele andi They came each man with his gun.

Tukatukidi kweto, konso muntu oku twina ye kinkutu kiampa We went away each one of us with a new coat.
So
the
far the

Kongo and English idioms

combined Preposition

accord, the Verbs being Intransitive

(apart from the

with).

The

following sentences

show

Kongo idiom

retaining the Preposition after a Transitive

Verb
:

muntu yo nkele andi They found each man his gun. Tutambwidi konso muntu oku twina ye kinkutu kiampa We received each of us a new coat.
Basolwele konso
In Kongo,

when such

constructions occur, whether the Verb be Transitive or

;

Intransitive, the Preposition ya, ye,

whether or not there

English, the Object
is

orjo, with, must precede the Object and a Possessive Pronoun, or an Indefinite Article in always qualified in Kongo by the Possessive Pronoun.
is

Nutwasa konso muntu ye mbele andi Bring every man a knife. Nutala konso muntu yo mandi mambu
Each of you mind his own business. Basamunwini konso muntu ye mpangi andi Each man told his brother.

; ; ; ; ; ; ;;; ; ; ;;

; ;

;; ;

ERRATA.^
Under
the word

should be

About,
Ace,

adiei
waji, 12
;

adieyi.

wazi,

2 (P.

as).

Acquired, Admiration,

vua;
etondo, 8
;

vuwa.
tonda,
9.
3-

Adulterer,

munta

(3) e

zumba

munta-zumba,

Afterwards
(at length),

oku kwakwiji wa
-alundu vwiisa konko, 4 fuma, 4 wisawidi
;

oku kwakwiziwa.
-andundu. vwisa. konko, 6 fuma, wiyisawidi.
;

Albino, Amass,

a.,

Angle, Angry,

6.

Animal
birth).

(that

has given has given fiengesa

;

has not given.

fiengenesa.

Annoy, Anoint, Anointed,

Anxiety, Aperient, Apostle,
Appetite, Art,

bukula
n. (the)
a.,

mbukulwilu

nwika. be, v., nwikwa.

p.,

-abukulwilu ntelekwa (4) pulugante

-nwikinu. nteleko (4). pulukanti.

ntumu,
nzodi, 4

&

ntumwa,
ngangu, ne i, nze

2.
5.

kinzola-nzola,
2,
i.

As

(like),

ungangu, 12; ne i nze i

edongololo

//.

ASCARIS, At, at large.

at last,

ediongololo.

-amvumvidi oku kwakwiji

adie
i

wa

-amvumvudi. oku kwakwiziwa.

adieyi.

Badly, Balance, Bang,

Bay, Be, to.
in
f

balansa nxindu, 4
nsuvila, 4
Pers.
I.

balanza.
;

nkindu,
2. 3.

ezu,

8.

omitted.
Pers.
;

I.

2.

the table

of

Pro-

; (

Sing.,

i,

Ti,

Sing., i

u,

a.

3.

nouns,

twa, nwa, a

PL, twa,

nwa,

1 The list of Errata on pp. 510-514 have been incorporated with this, in order that all This supersedes and cancels pp. the Errata may be together, and thus avoid confusion. 510-514. All corrections are made according to the spelling ;now adopted, by which J and Z are replaced by z and S. The length of this list is due chiefly to the fact that two-thirds of the work has been printed while the author was on the Kongo, or on his way out, which prevented the proper revision of the proofs the long blindness referred to in the Preface of 1886 having deranged the plans made, and caused special difficulties.

1037

; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ;; ; ; ;

; ; ;; ;; ,; ;; ; ; ;;

I038

Under

the

word

should be

Bee,

nyumbwila
nyoxi fukika

ngyumbwila.
niosi.

Jp ELATED,
Belong
to,

fukikwa.

Bench, Beseech, Bloom,

Blot,

vua; ebanda
vingila

vuwa kwa.
ebandu.
vinga.

vumisa
etonxi about in the wind (wind), v.i.^ kia;
;

vuma.
etonti.

Blow,
(wind).

about (of the wind). (of the wind), kiya.

Boast,

Boldness,

Box

(tin trunk),

kikianga; Sana kiakala nkele alundu

;

kikiyanga. kusana. kiyakala. nkele elundu.

(red) salazi, 2 (P. sarge).

Braid,

nsalaji, 2
n. (of

Branch,

tree).

tai;

tayi.

(as a tree).

tai(6);

Bravery,

kiakala
v.i.^

Break

(smash),

buka;
bundu, 6
dinga, 6
;

Bud, Bundle,

ntayi (2). kiyakala. budika. nsavu, 2.

dinga, 6 (of beads). babisa. baba.
&c.
;

Burn

(scorch).

baba;

(be scorched),
(singe),

babama
vumpa, fumpa,

fumpa
kimbi,
vd.^

&

fumpula

omitted.

(be singed).

fumpuka
7
;

omitted.
5.

Buzzard, kutukudia, Calabash, interior pulp of, makomvi

Call,
vj.,

makomve.
boka.

Canoe,

boka ebwanda,

Care
for.

(concern).

nsungameno sungamena
to care
;

bwanda, 6. nsungamena.
see

Hke

think about

con-

cerned, be.

not to care

for,

to

Carelessly, Carpet, Cassava, Catch,

(in

do bad

be cared. do badly.

nku; mvwiyi
vangalakesa

nkuwu.
mvuyi. vangalakana muna. vwamvulwisa. luvambu, 2 & n
elawu.
tumbiila.

a snare),

vwamvula
luvambu,
elau;
10

Chain,

Chance,
Chastise,

tumba
wondelela, wonza

Cheer,
Chilly,

kulula
e todi.

moyo

(3).

ye todi
36, line 5,

Choke,
Christian,/. Cicada, Circumcise,

sweneswa munkwidi
kintendele yota;

swenesa.

munkwikizi.
kintendela.
yotesa.

Circumcised
Civet,

person,

esewa
mfuki,
2;

nkwa esewa, nsewa,

mfuki,
4.

i.

;; ; ; ;; ,; ; ; ; ; ;;; ;; ; ; ; ;;

I039

Under

the

word

should be

Clan, Cleanse,

Climb

(a hill),

Close, nearly,

kilukene alukene kianza balula v.t., vengalala; v.i., vengeleka;

;

kilukeni; alukeni.
kianzisa.

baluka. v.t., vengeleka. v.i., vengalala.

Colour,

purple.

ndua;
(fall)
;

nduwa.
(of the teeth).

Come

out,

to one's self,

vunguka
niania kiniania ebwilu

vungukwa.
nienie.
omitted. omitted.
see

Comet,

Confluence, Contain, Convenient, Converted,

ximba
abisa Jisu; viisa

Hold.

abiza.
Jizn.
visa.
omitted. omitted.

Cook

(well),

Corpulence, Corpulent,
person,

Courage, Court,
Craftiness,

kinkobe ye kinkobe nkwa kinkobe kiakala

kinkobe, 5. kiyakala.
omitted.

nkanu
nluba, 4 nsuvila, 4
;

unlnba,
omitted.

12.

Creek,

nsuku
Crew, Crow, Crown, Cunning,
asau, pi.
;

nsuku,

4.

kokela; ekoloa nluba, 4

nsau,//. 2. kokola. ekolowa. unluba, 12.

Cut

(scratch across).
(obstruction).

kwalamnna;
nkaku, 4
;

kwalumuna.
nkaku,
longo,
2.

Dam

Dazzled, be. Desire (sexual).

Despise,

bukama
tongo,^/. 10;

bukamwa
10.

(0

meso).

savuka
(spoil).

savula.

Destroy
Detach,

vnnzalakesa,
kesa,

vunzaomitted.

vunzuna

samuna
-angeme; -angeme
yia;

Dirty, Disgusting, Dishonest, be.

sununa. -angemi. -angemi.

yiya.

Disobey

(transgress),

sununa
(provide), &c.
;

snmuna.
omitted.

Distribute, Divert,

banzula
bwela, 6
kelela;

Dove, Drain, Droop, Drop,

banzula (deflect). mbwela, 2.

kelola.

lenga
etonxi

lengela.
etonti.

Drunk,

-ankwola
day;

-ankolwa.
(hazy) day.

Dull Each
Ease

day.
other, line 19,
(facility),

vulu za
nsazu, 2
;

vuluza. sazu, 6.

;;; ; ; ;; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ; ;

; ;; ; ;

; ;

1040

Under the word

should be

Easy,

-ansazu

-asazu.

Eat

quickly,

*Eaves, Eclipsed (be surpassed) Elephantiasis,

vempa nsambu
,

suvuka, sunduka twavinga,//. lo;

vempula. nsamba. suvwa, sundwa. mbadi, 2, pi.

Eloquence,

kimpovi
ebwilu, 8
;

ngangu
omitted.
;

(2)

za vova.
8.

Embouchure,
Engine,

Enraged, Envelope, Even, be.

make.

ekumbi, 8 suka e ekudi

v.,

makina, pi

sukwa
7/./.,

e ekudi.

fukumuka

fitika, zinga.

baba; lengalakana
lengalakesa

omitted.

lengoka.
lengola.

Execute

punishment.
a,

tumba
(spend)
;

tumbula.
(spend)
;

Expend, Face, make

Fall,
;z.,

in, for. at.

(grimace)

(grimace)
ndila,

the nouns, &c.

ngwulumuka
ndila, 2
;

ngulumuka.
4.

Farm, border. Favour,

have, find.

mfumu una
nga;

ye

edie- 5
(

mfumu omonanga e
nga.
omitted.

edie-

show,

mona e edienga mwesa e edienga

(provide), &c.
;

mona
nsau,

e edienga.

Feed,

omitted.
2.

Ferry-man, Feud,
First,
at,

nsau, I unzonji, 12
;

nzonzi,

2.

kulu

ekulu.
omitted.
07nitted.
;

place, in the.

boxi;

Flow

out,

volomoka

Flower,

mvuma,
(chase after),
;

mvuma,

&

11.

Follow

Foolishness, France and French,

Gentle,

be.

Get
up up

in a rage. (a hill). (a tree).

lamika vwengele Falansa lembeka fuluta makasi

balnla;

lamika e ntinu (2) kwa. uvwengele. Fwalansa. lembama. fuluta yo makasi.

baluka. sambila.

samba
njitu,
I
;

Godfather,

nzitu,

2.

Gorge (chasm),
Gentle, make. Greek,
Guile,

nkengi lemba
Helini
nluba, 4 teta;

nkenge. lembeka.

mungrekia,
unluba,
tetoka.
12.

3.
6.

language, kingrekia,

Hatch,
He, Hilt,

konsoyo

konso ojm.
dinga.
;

dingwa
(pool).

Hole

ejinga, 8

zinga,

6.

However,
Humility, If only.

konso-u
nleka, 4

konso own.
unleka,
12.

mpaxi ou

mpasi owu.

;;; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;;

I04I

Under

the

word

should be

Jew,

mwixi Juda
nkanu, 4

Nyuda,

i.

Judgment, Keep back (withhold).

Last,
at.

lufundisu,

10.

tatama

tatamena.

Liberate

(give freedom) ,

kwendiwa tumha
umpuki,
sasala
12
;

kwendewa.
vana. yingalu, pi. 5. e esasala (8).

Licentiousness,

Light
Like, Lose,
Loss,

(not heavy),

let

him

do, &c.,

unyambula
vilakanwa, jimbalaka
,-

unyambwila.
omitted.

nwa;
mpilakanwa, lakanwa
za, twice;

njimba

,.

mpidisa.
a.

Lots,

Luck, Maize,

elau;

masa mamputu;
used before a noun
;

Many, how many, Mash, ^/., Meekness, Morning,

elawn. should be the translation of Portuguese corn. used after a noun.

omitted.

bulunga
nleka, 4
;

unleka,
omitted.

12.
2.

menemene, 6
ebwilu, 8
;

mene-mene,
ngyenda.
zola.

Mouth

of river.

Must, Need, wish for. Next, Nourish, Ordinance, Percussion cap,

Pool, Poor,
Press,

ngienda
zolela

Konso
(provide), &c.
;

Konzo.
omitted.
2

nkanka,
porrete
ejinga, 8

nkanikinu,
espoleta.

4-

zinga,

6.

-asukami
in a crowd lukandu, 10; sansa
;

-ansukami;
-asukami.
out in a crowd. Tikandu, 2.

\st

CI. pi.

Prohibition, Provide, Put one inside the

&c..

vambula.
bandakesa.
omitted.

other.

kwakanisa
lufiaulwisu

Quiet (content), Recall to mind,

Salute,/.
Say, line
6,

185, lined,

sengomona bakula wodia

to
;

sengomona, bakula.
odia.
omitted.

Shell, cowry,

kidiambwa,
kiaki tezo
ki zuzu kulu

nkidiambwa,
ekiaki tezo. kizuzukulu.

2.

So (as much as this), Sound, very faint,

Supply,

Tear
Test

off.

sansa; food;

vambula.
omitted.

(the heart).

Time, morning,

ntalwa menemene,
;

ntalu.
6

menemene,
omitted.

2.

Track, of beasts. elambu, 8 Uncircumcised person, esutu, &c.

nkwa

esutu or ebolo nsutu, I mbolo, i.

;

;; ; ; ; ;

;;

I042

Under the word

should be

Wheel, When, Would,

Zenith,

ekalu, 8

lungungu,

ID.

whenever
use the future subjunctive
;

whenever, after. use the present

indica-

tive stating the time.

kintumba a ezulu
Kongo-English.

kintumba

e ezulu.

A,
A-, subj.
pref.,

Bamfumu
imperfect
;

Ba(mfumu).
indefinite.

Ana, -abakaka, Bambala,

Bele,

ana ke kwenda
bambale, betele
then a bundle person ; has
;

kwenda ana
-abakala.

ke.

bambala, betela.
bela.

Bo,

Dinga,
Ebolo,
-efuba,

them. beads.
organ.
is soft.

Ejina,

2;
factory

077iitted,

Ejinga,

eziya.
;

Ekubilu, Ekulu,

weaving
then.

factory.

them

(same)

(s'ame).
;

Ekuma, Elaka Emu,

Elawu,
Elolo,

the time

Emu;
perf. of

a change in the Elalamu.

to

time.

kwenda

go

071

the next

li7ie,

after the

word
a bush
;

ele.

the

fruit

of the lolo

(6),

bush.

Esewa,
Esofele,

Also a... roots person

;

a crimson
organ.
agafrao

fruit.

agafaro

Esutu,
Etadi,

person

organ.

mini

(7)

mini

(6).

Etaka, Etenta,
afieyi.

etaku.
e etenta

etenta.
15.

14;
to try a case, to hear,

Funda,

judge a case

accuse.
;

Fwemoka,
i-,

compressibility

compressible.
only.
077iitted.

pers. pron. pref.,

when
I;

line

3,

Je,

je+i;
noisily
;

zi-i-e.
07tiitted.

Jiakuna, Jinga nkondo,

to clasp the

hands over
;

to cross the

arms and clasp

the head

the shoulder.

Kaka,
Kala, ke kala

kala; kede;

kaka.
kedi.
077iitted.

owu

ko,

^r

ya u

;; ; ; ; ; ;

I043
skouldbe

Under

the

word
line 18,

Kala and okala,

line 19,

present present
;

future.

omitted.

page

,,

287, col.
5, ,, J, ,

2,

line
,j

8,

ngienda
as an aux. verb
;

ngyenda.
ouiitted.

,,

10,
13,

okalokala,

olueka koala;
,

oluaka.
okala.

Kandalala,

to

be grieved
lifte

Kavika-e sami, page 291, col. I,

,,

36,

,,

J,

2,

5,

14,

inge instead of anga form Baneti

;

kendalala. kavika e esami. form instead inge,

of

2,

J,

21,

kimona;
9; hard;

anga. Banete. kimoni.

6.

Kendengele, Keleketa,
Ki-,

(momw)
vara kukia
adze payment, wages, hire a bird (a lark?); one living kesa;
;
;

Kia, Kiakala,

hard and ring. (mo, mw). vava kukia. kiyalaka.

axe.
;

Kiavu,

Kibwanga, Kimbembe, Kimoyo, Kinkenda,

Kinfufu,

omitted.

a small hawk.
the liver (the organ).

keza.

kinkufu.
I,
I,
'

page

306, col.

line 27,
5,

ketutondanga
,

kututondanga.

307,

37>

kwendiwa;
ngienda
as a;

kwendewa.
ngyenda.
langu.
of.
;

311,

2,

J,

17

&30,
Langa,

Lengomoka,
Lengola, Loa,

comfortable catch
;

omitted.
fish.

Lomba,
Lufiaulwisu, Lukailu,
Lul-,

ntalu

(4)

joy, &c.

ntalu (2). that which causes

lukayilu.
collective.

joy, &c.

collect
col. I,

page no,

line

I,

Lnmbuta,

contd.

>

omitted.

334, 2, last line but one.

M-;
there
is

ma-.

Manga,
Maynkuta,
Mbadi, -ambimbi-imbi, Mbondo,

no notion of the
;

injection of a poison

omitted.
8.

6; mafuba, twice;
1000
10
;

mafubu. -ambimbimbi.
500.
5-

Mbu,
Mene,
Mete,

pi.

lubu

sing. lubu.
2.

6; &c.;

omitted.
(3)

Mfuka,

mundia

a mfuka

mundia-mfuka,

3.

; ;;; ; ; ;

; ;

; ;; ;

I044

Under

the

word

should be

Mfumfula, Mfunani, Mpaxi, ampaya,

bank;
konso yo zolele

omitted.

ampaya meno
irnivu

Mfunanani. konso oyo ozolele. -ampaya: meno.

Mu,
Mula, -amvubi,

muwu.
mula.
;

greed
2
;

greedy.
e

Mvuma, Mwana, page

Mwini, kwixi, Ndaulau,

363,

mwana

zumba

2 & II. mwana

akiendantangwa Juda;
small white

Ndwa, Ng,
Nga,;2^^^^37r, -an^ani,

a znmba. a kiyenda-ntangwa. Yuda. small winged white. ndua.

nkia.

heavy nasal nkai

light nasal.

mwana

angani

mwana ngani.
ngulumuka.
ngyela.
omitted.
2.

Ngwalumuka, N^ele,
Nkandu, Nkankalakani, Nkenka,
-ankunza,
a close season
I
;

the

game of African backgammon

;

omitted.

-ankunzu.
^
strip of jungle.
,

Nkwala,
Nlangu, a

4.

nlan^;
serjar
gulf,

nlanga.
sarge.

N salaji,
Nsimuke,
Nsuvila,

nsununke.
bay
;

omitted.

Ntalwa,

Ntan^wa,
Ntekulo, Ntikavuki,
Ntokoji,

esaka
straight
;

ntalu. ezaka. ntekuln.

perpendicular.
2.

1&4;
the sentence,

Nwengena,
Nyosi,

nxinga.,

neck

under nwenga.
niosi.

Nyukutu, Nyumbwila,
Ola,

niukutu.

ngyumbwila.
tatn;
etatu.

Sa,

ngienda
ejito

ngyenda.
ezitn.

Saka,
Salaji,

saraQa
V.J

sarge.

Samuijiana,

samnziana.
v.,
;

Samwina, Sukami,
Sansa,

to tell to, report to.

i.

-asukami

-asukami,//. d.
;

to provide, &c.

to

look

after,

care

for,

bring up.

Sulu
Ta,

(fish),

07nitted.

V. {line 20),

Mbwinga

mbwingina.

; ; ;; ;; ; ; ; ;

I04S

Under

the word

should b

Ta, i3,.,

nsosolo

nsolo.

Tampahana,
Tangidika,

nkunda, 9
the
sentence,

tampakana. nKunda, 4.
yandi...

Tekumuna,

following
tela.

struck,

under

bullet

Tembwa,
Tiya twa lukuti,

kikianga
although, &c.
;

kikiyanga.
omitted.

Toma,
Tombola, Tuka,

tomo; ntombola Iwaka;

i

toma. ntombola.
luaka. an obscure disease, characterised by anasmia, & loss
of colour in the hair
iS:

Twavinga,
page
11
11

elephantiasis, &c.

skin.

439,
11

col. I,
11

linezi

wumu

wuwu.
wauna. mbwene.
vaka,
6, .,

11
11

23 ,
19
,

44O5

11

wauuna; mwene;
5;

Vaka, a house, &c

Vela, a hut, Vele,
Velela,

&c.

6.

OVO vele VO,

twice ;

& meaning
omitted.

Vengomoka,
Vetoka,

&c..

mwandavelela ref. to venga & vengesa

vetoele

Mwandavelela.
App. of 1894, p. 922, under vengomoka, &c. vetokele & vetokene.
to

&

vetoene

Vumbana,
Vumosi,

vnmbama.
vamosi
zayi,
inter].;
;

vnmosi
zayi.

is

bad

Kongo.

Vunguka Watu,
Wi, Wokela, Wundula,
"Winikina,

vnngnkwa
conj.

wiyi.
rii,tu.); (Mpa.)
;

(10, tn-).

omitted.

nsuga
get;
to
6,

nsnnga.
jet.

Xianzuka,
-xidi,

be put
n.j

to put.
6, n. (P.

Xika,

bexiga).

Yaku,
Yila,

adv.; to begin
(Mpa.)

prep.
;

omitted.

Yoyomoka,
Yundula, Zayua,
;>rt^^5oi,Mata,
;

yoyomona.
omitted.

zayina framboe siapian

zayiwa.
;

framboesia pian.

Ik

H
II 11 II

Evumbu,
Twavinga,
page
11

evumbudia
tumbala

evnmbn
see

dia.

505,

li^ie z?> )

under twavinga, above. tnmbnla.

Zindanla.

502, oaths,

NdeJindanla

mbo.

; ;; ;;; ;; ;; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ;

I046

Grammar.
Page
Line

For

read

525

disu,

masu

disa,

530
535 538
541

31

zenzelwa
kindelele

masa. zengelwa.

43
5

kind^lelele.

21

alueka dinkindo

alueke.

542
543

26
10

down nu;

dinkondo. dawn.
mi. kutu.
utiya.
ezitu.

544 558
561

33
14

&

16 of note

kuta; ntiya
eyitu; kiadi asundidi zolo;
obsolete
;

18

20

kiaki.

30
33
563

osundidi.
zola.

4
24 37 26
I

omitted.

566
568
571

limbu e yaba asumbidi umoxi; ist

jiana
;

lumbu.
eyaka. osumbidi.
class
;

2nd

class

21

572
573

&

573
9

40
574 577
579

20 24
1st table

divwida ye before the prefixes yo. me, ma, & lu za. ya; yau emosi. zau emosi XIV., mau emole mwau emole. yau. nau; yanga. yangi;
;

omosi. zinana. divwidi.

Plural,
Sing.,

u
;

tu or twa.
u.

tn or twa

9 34 47
580
2

&

36

Timfuma kawku, kawu

nzolete but, only
clauses
in affirmative

u mfumu.
kwaku, kwau.
nzolele.
omitted.

4
583
2
5

kwame
samba ku;
welo;
5th col.

omitted.

sumba.
ke.

586
588
41
15

wuna;
that person
;

wele. una.
this person.

589
592

persons

positions.

20
13

kwangi
by

593 605

25-9
30
I

kuma kuma

kuvangi. by kuna. kuna.

omitted; being a conj.

606 608

musungula kimani

kimoni.

; ;;

; ;

I047
read

Page

Line

For

614

19

kede;

kedi.

26

mpaxi ovo
vana; baku;
or;

mpasi
baka.
of.
is.

vo.

618
643 648

35 31
17

omitted.

40
Nej^. fut

was
conseq
{

653

&
660 690
691

cont. subj.

Narrative tense

kiasumba ko kiasumbanga ko come

;

omit ko. omit ko. came.

kelo.

4
16

kela;

bene

bena.
is
;

694 706
707 708

ximba
45

not an auxiliary, see Appendix.

persons,

persons

when standing

as

the object of the verb.

44
18 13
12 to 47

ketungidi

katungidi.

Zwaki
ntinu see Appendix
e
loc.
;

Zwaki.
ntinu.

709 710 717

Syntax in

34

dianu muiia njimbu

diann ikunnsumbididilanga e mbele muna nzi-

mbn.

Appendix of
Sorrow
-adi,
>

1894.

Kala,

nienge, 4 is used also. ..died less remote than

;

manienge, _^/.
;

8.

omitted.

the

Kungendela,

same as. kungyendela.

Mankoka,

Mwa,
Nanga, Ngai,
Nienge5,
Nka,Tika,

mpaka
conj. ;

mankoka. mpaku.
adv.

past; sorrow za;

v.i.j

past
;

indef.

joy.

a.
v.t.

Vanganisa,

INDEX.
Dictionary.
Diet.

&

Gram.
^

of 1887.

English-Kongo Kongo-English

245

8x5

Appendices.

Words acquired too EngHsh-Kongo

Kongo-English Games.
Animals, birds,

late for insertion in the

main work
485 49i
94i

942

492

fishes, reptiles

Food

stuffs, trees,

plants

Diseases, native medicines

Titles of

Kongo

Nobility, precedence

Oaths
Secret Societies, Guilds,
clubs
Prefix series

Native customs, superstitions

...,. ......
.

495 49^
5*^^

502

502
S^S

Ndembo, Nkimba,

circumcision,

506
S^^
.

Abbreviations used

5^8

Errata

S^o

Grammar.
The Alphabet Euphonic Law Change of Consonants
Ehsion and Contraction of Vowels
Preferences
Influence

518
521

945 945 945

....
.

522

522

945

524
525

Contracted words The AlUterative Concord, General principle

948 948
949 949

526

The Noun
Derivative

528

Nouns Nouns
. .

528
539
54i

Kongoized foreign words

Classification of

95

Table of Classes Declension of Nouns Reduplicated Nouns

553
.

'553
95
555

The The

Article

Adjective

55^
557 538
1048

95^

Verbal Adjectives
Structure of Adjectives

1049

D ct. &
Participial Adjectives

Gram.

Appendix
of 1894-

of 1887.

Prefixes applied to Adjectives

....
. .

559

Comparison of Adjectives
Adjectival Clause

559 560
561

Quantitative Adjectives

564
567 576

The Numerals The Pronoun

Personal Pronouns

951 952

954 954
955 962

576
577, 64 7,670
Prefif.

Pronominal Prefixes
3rd Pers. Sing.
in

or

Declension of Pronouns
Possessive Pronouns
Interrogative Pronouns

647 580
582

Demonstrative Pronouns Relative Pronouns Pronouns of Adverbial, Prepositional and Conjunctive

force

584 586

962
963

590
590
593 596

The Locatives
Table of Locatives

The Adverb
Locative

Pronominal Derived from Nouns Sundry Adverbs The Negative

598 598 601 602

605
.

964
965

964 964 966 966 967 968 970

The

Preposition

Locatives
Prepositional Phrases
.
.

The Conjunction The Verb

Conjugations Suffix Modifications

Verb Forms

The The The The The The The The The The

Active Voice Passive Voice

607 609 609 612 613 618 618 619 619 620 620
621

970
971 971

Middle Voice Applied Forms

Causative Forms Reciprocal Forms
Repetitive

627 631

634
635 637 637 682

Reversive

Form Form

972 972 973

Form

in

-akana

Reflexive

Form

"

Reduplicated Verbs
Indefinite Verb Form The Continuative and

687
Suffixes

973 973

639

Perfect

Verbs Preferring the Perfect

Prefix Modifications

....
Forms

641

644 645

974 978

I050

Diet.

&

Gram.

Appendi:
of 1894.

ofi87.

Mood.

General principle
Infinitive

The

Mood
;

Pronominal Prefixes

Subjective

Objective

.... ....
. .

645 646

976

The Negative
Tenses.

General principle

647 670 648 648

649 976
977

Indicative

Mood

Special idiomatic usages of certain tenses

Subjunctive

Imperative
Participles

Mood Mood

650 652 652

653 656 666 670 674 682
687 688

979

Table of Tenses The Conjugation of the Verb having a Subjective Pronominal Prefix only
.

.......
and kwenda, tago
. .

Kwiza,
Tonda,

to co7ne,
to

.656
.

love
.

With an Objective Pronominal Prefix Kuntonda, to love herj kutonda,

Reflexive

to love you

Form
. .
.

973

Kutonda, to love myself Reduplicated Verbs

.682
973
.

Comparative Table of Conjugation The Verb to be, kala and -ina to have -eka (Bako.) The Verbal Particle i The Auxiliary Verbs Kwiza and kwenda before another Verb
.

690
691

......
. . .

980 980 982

983

692 692

698

The

Interjection

699
701
.
^

984 986
987
991

Accent
Punctuation
.

Syntax.

The Subject

704

When

Compound Noun A Noun connected with An Infinitive Noun

a

992
others by Conjunctions
.

704 704
705
705

993 993

A A

Pronoun
Locative Clause

Position of the Subject

Attributes of the Subject

706 706

Compound Attributes Noun in Apposition The Article.

Rule
I

......
.

707

993 993 994

995 995 998

before nouns, General principles

definiteness
in

706

&

indefiniteness

a Reply

before Reduplicated Partitive

Nouns

998

I05I

Diet. Gram. of 1887.

&

Appendix
of 1894.
.

5
6
7

Catalogue or Heading before emphatic Object Positive Negative before Names, &c., of Persons
in a
;

998

999 1000
1000
lOOI

when Subject
9
lO
.

Object before each of a Man's names

before Animals personified
before

....
. .

1002

II

1002 1002 1002 1003

12
13

names of Places
the

before a

14
15

when

Noun in Apposition Noun is qualified by -ingi

-aying]

1004
1005 1006 1007 1008

i6

before a
in

Noun how many

....
followed

by

kwa

17

i8

19

20
21

a Relative Clause initiated by a Participle prefaced by i before a Noun qualified by a numeral before a Noun qualified by a Pos. .

1008 lOIO

sessive Pronoun idiomatically by a Demonstrative Pronoun or

Relative Clause

lOIO
lOII

22

after
in

nkia

23 24
25

a Clause introduced by ne ornze in an idiomatic usage of the Diminutive

ion
1012
1012

Noun

....

in subordinate sentences introduced

by wau, &c
26
27 28
after certain

Conjunctions

1013 1013

after the Preposition

29 30
31

a or Locatives in a sentence initiated by an Impersonal Verb with the Verb to be

.

....
.

1013 1014 1017

1017 1017
1017

with the Infinitive

Noun

Wi th
32
33

other Parts of Speech.

The

Adjective konso

-aka The Personal Pronoun

before
after e
i

....
.

34
35 36

1019

qualified

by awonso kuma, &c.

normal position

37 38
39

The Adverb

in

1019 1020 1020

1021

nswalu,
kikilu
after e

malembe,
&c.
.

kieleka,
102

kuma,

40
41

The Conjunction and

Preposition,
.

ya, ye, yo. General in a Negative clause

1022

1022

I052

D ict. &

Gram.

Appendix
of 1894.

of 1887.

42
43

before a before
before

Noun
.

qualified

by

Numeral.
44
45 Position of Attributes

1022

Konso names

1022
;

of Persons

idio-

matic use

1023
.

ya

of surprise

1023

708

1024

The

Predicate.

Concord with

its

Subject.

of a simple Verb

when coupled by yo
ovo

....
.
.

709 710
711

1025

when

the Subject is a Collective Noun Personal or Personified Noun

Interrogative

1029 1029
.

Pronoun

711

after a

Conjunction of time

Verb assisted by an Auxiliary

its

....

1030
711
711

1025

concord Order of Auxiliaries

of the

1026
to be

Complement

Verb

711

Verbs of restricted sense Concord by " attraction " Objective Pronominal Prefixes
Modifications of the Predicate
Particles of Negation
after ne, nze,
.

1027 1027 1030

IO3I
103

707

712

607
.

kufwila owu...ko
.

1032

Position of Modifying words generally

Interrogative

712
713

&

Inferential

Adverbs
time
.

Adverbs of manner, place

&

713

1032

mpe
nkutu, kaka, aka Adverbs which precede the Verb Particles of Negation Adverbial Clauses position of component parts
.

1032 1033

1034

607
715
'

1034 1034
1035
1035

The Object when Nouns connected by Conjunctions

Clause and Sentence Numeral Idiom with konso and yo
.

Noun

....
.

715

715
715
1035

Position of the Object

of

Pronominal Prefixes

of the Indirect Object

Attributes of the Object

716 716 716 718

Butler

&

Tanner, The Selwood Printing Works, Froine, and London.

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8 1965

PL
^4-03
B4.

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1887
Appx.

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FROM
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