Lotte Thomas - Germinacion de Orquideas

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Hello and welcome on our website !
Cephalanthera rubra
ere we describe
differenf
fechniques, which
we hove fried ond
modified, fo
propogofe orchids
esides seed sowing
fhere ore for
exompIe fechniques
fo rise pIonfs from
sIeeping buds
(nodes)
ousfrion orchids
(phofos)

Iosf updofe ovember of (seedIing
Iisf)
Deufsche ersion
Seed germination
The biology of orchid seed germination
How can I get some seeds ?
Packing and shipping seeds
germination on bark asymbiotic germination
Asymbiotic seed germination
Basics of maintaining sterile conditions
Necessary equipment
Media preparation
Sowing from green capsules
Sowing dry seeds
Replating protocorms
Deflasking seedlings
Contamination handling
Ifernofive repIofing fechnique Deflasking protocorms on soil
f you ore inferesfed in seed exchonge, pIeose send us on emoiI

back to seed germination
Maintaining sterile conditions
n symbiofic ond osymbiofic germinofion if is vifoI fhof oII seeds, fIosks,
insfrumenfs ond medio ore kepf sferiIe of every sfoge of fhe germinofion
procedure f ony fungi or bocferio gef info fhe fIosks fhey wiII grow much fosfer
fhon our seeds or seedIings ond wiII kiII fhem soon
o prevenf fhis confominofions, fhe fIosks (incuIding fhe medio) hove fo be
oufocIoved or shouId be pIoced for minufes in fhe oven ( C)
he seeds or pIonfIefs (nodes, ) musf be sferiIied (eg wifh hydrogen peroxide)
ond fronsferred fo fhe fIosks wifhouf infroducing exfroneous bocferio or fungus
ominor fIow hood
he Iominor fIow hood consisfs of o cobinef ond o Iominor oir fIow unif he Iominor
fIow unif incIudes on very fine fiIfer (hepo fiIfers) which removes oII bocferio ond
fungi he fiIfered (sferiIe) oir fIows ouf of fhe cobinef ond produces o sferiIe oreo
inside fhe cobinef
efore using fhe Iominor fIow hood you hove fo sferiIie fhe inner surfoce of fhe
cobinef wifh oIcohoI
0Iove box
gIove box consisf of o gIoss box (eg on oquorium) which is cIosed on ifs open
side incIuding fwo openings fo puf your hond frough efore you sforf working you
hove fo pIoce oII necessory equipmenf, fIosks, seeds ond chemicoIs inside fhe gIove
box hen cIose fhe box ond sproy fhe oreo inside fhe box wifh desinfecfion
soIufion (eg oIcohoI)
orking obove boiIding wofer
his is fhe cheopesf woy fo propogofe orchids in vifro f fhis fechnique you use
fhe focf fhof sfeom is sferiIe he sie of fhe sferiIe oreo depends on fhe diomefer
of fhe used pof

table of contents next
Necessary equipment

ooIs
Equipmenf
edio
preporofion
seed
sowing ond
repIofing
beoker mI
boIonce
forceps (sfoinIess)
scoIpeI (sfoinIess)
repIofing fooI
gIosfunneI
spirif sfove (coIIopsibIe cooker)
oIcohoI burner (for fIoming fooIs)
oven
cooking pof
griII
gIoves

orficIes of consumpfion
Equipmenf
edio
preporofion
seed
sowing ond
repIofing
fIosks (jors, fesf fubes, )
IobeIs
poper foweIs
disfiIIed wofer
EfhonoI
ydrogen peroxide (
) fo sferiIie dry seeds

bIeoch soIufion (eg CIorox) fo sferiIie green copsuIes
gorgor powder
(if ifs nof incIuded in fhe medio)

medio
oIuminium foiI
ources of suppIy
igmo
PhyfofechIob
Duchefo
issue uick PIonf obs

previous table of contents next
Media preparation
necessory fooIs
q beoker mI
q spirif sfove (coIIopsibIe cooker)
q boIonce
q gIosfunneI
q oven
q somefhing fo sfir fhe cooking medio (eg oId spoon)
necessory orficIes of consumpfion
q fIosks (jors, fesf fubes, )
q poper foweIs
q desfiIIed wofer
q IobeIs
q gorgor powder (if ifs nof incIuded in fhe medio)
q medio
q oIuminium foiI
he sources of suppIy you con find under ecessory equipmenf
CuIfure vesseIs for sowing seeds (mofherfIosks)
e prever fesffubes for seed sowing becouse of fheir Iengfh, fhey do do nof gef
fo hof whiIe fhey ore Iying in fhe sferiI oreo (sfeom)
CuIfure vesseIs for repIofing
or repIofing we hove fo choose fIosks which ore obouf cm high wifh on
opening smoIIer fhon cm f fhe sie of fhe opening is bigger fhon cm fhe risk
of confominofions increoses very fosf obyfood jors ore very good
Preporing fhe fIosks
efore you con use foodjors for in vifro cuIfure you hove fo remove oII resfs of
food ond IobeIs Check if fhe jors con resisf C becouse we hove fo heof fhe
fIosks wifh fhis femperofure for minufes fo kiII oII fungi ond bocferio
Preporing fhe spirif sfove (onIy one fime)
e prefer spirif sfoves wifh soIid fueI becouse fhey ore eosy fo hondIe ond fhey
donf smeII bod Iike ofhers do n fhe picfure beIow you con see how we hove
modified if
edio preporofion
essure ouf fhe necessory quonfify of medio powder
f your medio does nof incIude o geIIing ogenf (eg ogorogor) you hove fo
messure ouf fhe necessory quonfify of ogorogor or our medios we us
g ogorogor per Iifer medio
urn on fhe boking oven ( C)
Puf obouf of required disfiIIed wofer in your beoker ond odd fhe medio
powder fir fhe soIufion fiII fhe powder is compIefeIy dissoIved
dd disfiIIed wofer fiII you reoch fhe finoI quonfify of medio ond sfir weII
ogoin
eosure fhe p ond odjusf if fo , (use C fo decreose p or o fo
increose p)

igmo P medio is odjusfed, so meosuring p is nof necessory
ow you con pIoce your beoker on fhe spirif sfove fo heof fhe medio
s soon os fhe wofer sforfs boiIing, sfir fhe ogorogor powder in fhe wofer
ef fhe medio boiI for obouf minufes ond keep sfirring
Dispense fhe medio info your cuIfure vesseIs ofch ouf fhof fhe medio
does nof confocf fhe opening of fhe fIosk becouse fhis con heIp fungi ond
bocferio fo confominofe fhis fIosk gIossfunneI is very heIpfuI

crew fhe Iids IooseIy on fhe fIosks f you use fesf fubes you hove fo puf o
coffonpIug info eoch fesf fube

ow you hove fo cover your fIosks wifh oIuminium foiI f you use fesf fube
we recommend fo cover oII fubes wifh on oddifionoI oIuminium foiI fo moke
shure fhof fhe coffonpIug sfoy in fhe fubes PIoce fhe vesseIs in fhe boking
oven

ffer minufes furn off fhe oven buf donf open if ef fhe fIosks cooI
down in fhe cIosed boking oven e prepore our medios oIwoys offer dinner,
so nobody needs fhe oven ond fhe fIosks con sfoy in if overnighf

oke fhe coId fIosks ouf of fhe oven ond Ief fhem resf for of Ieosf doys
fo moke shure fhof fhey ore sferiIe
oking sferiIe disfiIIed wofer
hen you wonf fo fIosk dry seeds you shouId rinse fhem wifh sferiIe disfiIIed wofer
offer sferiIiofion f is very eosy fo gef sferiIe disfiIIed wofer iII some disfiIIed
wofer in o screwobIe jor, screw fhe Iid IooseIy on fhe fIosk ond cover fhe fIosk wifh
oIuminium foiI ow you con sferiIie fhe wofer fogefher wifh your fIosks confoining
fhe medios in fhe oven
edio we use
seed germinofion P (igmo P)
repIofing P (igmo P wifhouf gorgor)
node cuIfure P (igmo P)

Sowing seeds from green capsules
he inside of on orchid copsuIe, if infocf, is nofuroIIy sferiIe f you sferiIie fhe
oufside of fhe copsuIe ond open fhe copsuIe under sferiIe condifions fhe seeds
shouId be sferiIe his mefhod hos fhe odvonfoge fhof fhe seeds fhemseIves do nof
need fo be sferiIied (which con somefimes Ieod fo domoge) n oddifion, some
seeds, if foken from copsuIes which ore oImosf ripe, germinofe quicker fhon fhose
foken from mofure copsuIes
necessory ooIs
q griII
q cooking pod
q oIcohoI burner
q gIoves
q repIofing fooI
q forceps
q scoIpeI
q fIosks confoining medio
q kifchen poper
q efhonoI
q CIorox (bIeoch soIufion)
q screwobIe fIosk (eg bobyfood jor)
ou con find fhe sources of suppIy of Equipmenf
dvonfoges of green copsuIes
q eosy fo sferiIie
q you donf hove fo woif fiII fhe copsuIes dehisces
Disodvonfoges of green copsuIes
q you conf be shure if fhe seeds in your copsuIe ore ripe or nof
q very offen fhe seeds in fhe copsuIe ore nof compIefeIy dry so you
conf sfore fhem in your fridge for furfher use
Preporing fhe fIosking oreo
e us fhe sfeom obove o pof wifh boiIding wofer fo provide sferiIe condifions o
minimie fhe risk of confominofions you shouId reduce droff in your room os much
os possibIe CIose oII windows ond doors whiIe you ore fIosking n fhe picfure beIow
you con see our preferred orrongemenf of fooIs (for righfhonded person)
exf sfeps
pen fhe boffIe wifh efhonoI ond pIoce you forceps or repoIfingfooI info if iII
obouf cm wofer in your pof ond furn on your oven he femperofure of fhe
boiIding wofer musf be high enough fo produce o sfeody fIow of sfeom s soon os
fhe wofer sforfs fo boiI, foke o kifchen poper, sook if wifh efhonoI ond use if
fo cIeon fhe griII hen you finished cIeoning pIoce fhe griII on fhe pod
feriIiofion of green copsuIes
CorefuIIy remove deod fIower porfs off fhe copsuIe fo reduce fhe risk of
confominofions
copsuIe reody for sferiIiofion
inse your screwobIe fIosk wifh efhonoI ond fiII fhe fIosk wifh CIorox Puf fhe
copsuIe info fhe fIosk ond moke shure fhof fhe compIefe copsuIe is immersed
eed sowing
he foIIowing sfeps musf be done in fhe sferiIe oreo (sfeom) pen fesf fubes ond
fheir coffon pIugs hove fo sfoy in fhe sfeom fiII fhe fesf fube is cIosed ogoin
ffer sferiIiing fhe copsuIe for minufen you con sforf fo open fhe copsuIe in
fhe sferiIe oreo (sfeom) Puf on your gIoves, sook o piece of kifchen poper wifh
efhonoI ond puf if down on fhe griII oke fhe fIosk confoining fhe copsuIe ond open
if in fhe sfeom PIoce fhe Iid of fhe fIosk somewhere on fhe fobIe ond fronsfer fhe
copsuIe wifh o fIomed forceps fo fhe kifchen poper which is Iying on fhe griII oId
your forceps for o shorf momenf in fhe boiIing wofer ond bring if bock info
efhonoI
pen fhe copsuIe wifh o fIomed scoIpeI ond forceps ffer doing fhof, hoId your
forceps ond fhe scoIpeI for o shorf momenf in fhe boiIing wofer ond bring if bock
info efhonoI
oke o fesf fube ond remove fhe oIuminium foiI cop PIoce fhe foiI cop cIose fo fhe
pod on o kifchen poper which is sooked wifh efhonoI
oke fhe forceps ouf of fhe efhonoI ond fIome if emove fhe coffon pIug wifh
fhe fIomed forceps ond pIoce fhe pIug on fhe griII
Iome your repIofing fooI ond pick up some seeds wifh if ronsfer fhe seeds
direcfIy info fhe fesf fube on fhe medio ffer bringing fhe seeds on fhe medio
hoId fhe repIofing fooI for o shorf momenf in fhe boiIing wofer ond bring if bock
info efhonoI

Pick up fhe forceps which is hoIding fhe coffon pIug ond puf fhe pIug bock info fhe
fesf fube oId fhe forceps for o shorf momenf in fhe boiIing wofer ond bring if
bock info efhonoI
Iome fhe coffon pIug
Puf fhe oIuminium foiI cop on fhe fesf fube o moke shure fhof fhe foiI cop does
nof move oround we puf o rubber bond oround if
ome hinfs
q open fIosks ond fheir Iids hove fo sfoy in fhe sfeom fiII fhey ore cIosed ogoin
q donf move oround fo fosf whiIe open fIosks ore Iying in fhe sfeom
q donf speok whiIe open fIosks ore Iying on fhe griII
urfher core
e pIoce our fIosk of our windowsiII Iike fhe picfure beIow shows he femperofure
is obouf C f is very imporfonf fo prevenf direcf sun becouse fhe seeds in fhe
fIosks wiII become fo hof if fhey gef direcf sun f you hove no windowsiII ovoiIobIe
you con use o off fIuorescenf fubes e odvice you fo pIoce fhe fIosks of
differenf pIoces, so you con gef o feeIing which species needs which condifions fo
germinofe

Sowing dry seeds
f you wonf fo fIosk dry seeds you hove fo woif fiII your copsuIe opens hen fhe
copsuIe sforfs fo dehisce cuf fhe copsuIe ond shoke fhe dry seeds ouf on o sheef of
poper efore you sforf sferiIiing your seeds you shouId remove oII confominofions
(porfs of fhe copsuIe, poIIen fubes, )
necessory ooIs
q griII
q cooking pod
q oIcohoI burner
q gIoves
q repIofing fooI
q forceps
q scoIpeI
q fIosks confoining medio
q kifchen poper
q efhonoI
q hydrogen peroxide
q screwobIe fIosk (eg bobyfood jor)
q sferiIe disfiIIed wofer
dvonfoges of using dry seeds
q you con sfore o porf of your seeds in fhe fridge for Iofer use
Disodvonfoges of using dry seeds
q higher confominofion risk becouse fhey ore nof os eosy fo sferiIie os green
pods ore
q you hove fo woif fiII fhe copsuIe opens
e us fhe sfeom obove o pof wifh boiIding wofer fo provide sferiIe condifions o
minimie fhe risk of confominofions you shouId reduce droff in your room os much
os possibIe CIose oII windows ond doors whiIe you ore fIosking n fhe picfure beIow
you con see our preferred orrongemenf of fooIs (for righfhonded person)
oking o hydrogen peroxide desinfecfion soIufion
o reduce fhe concenfrofion of fhe boughf hydrogen peroxide (eg
) fo
fhe required we hove fo odd some disfiIIed wofer fo fhe high concenfrofed
soIufion ifh fhe formuIo beIow you con coIcuIofe how much disfiIIed wofer you
hove fo odd fo fhe high concenfrofed soIufion fo gef o soIufion
ExompIe
onfed quonfify of hydrogen peroxide
Concenfrofion of fhe high concenfrofed soIufion
mI
ormuIo quonfify high (fofoI quonfify Iow) high ( ) , mI

n fhis exompIe you hove fo puf , mI
info o beoker ond odd disfiIIed

wofer fiII you reoch mI fofoI quonfify his mI wiII hove o concefrofion of
exf sfeps
pen fhe boffIe wifh efhonoI ond pIoce you forceps or repoIfingfooI info if iII
obouf cm wofer in your pof ond furn on your oven he femperofure of fhe
boiIding wofer musf be high enough fo produce o sfeody fIow of sfeom s soon os
fhe wofer sforfs fo boiI, foke o kifchen poper, sook if wifh efhonoI ond use if
fo cIeon fhe griII hen you finished cIeoning pIoce fhe griII on fhe pod
feriIiofion of dry seeds
Pock your seeds in o smoII fiIfer poper enveIope Iike fhe picfures beIow show

iII obouf cm hydrogen peroxide in o screwobIe fIosk ond puf fhe fiIfer poper
enveIope info fhe fIosk crew down fhe Iid ond ogifofe fhe fIosk for minufes fo
moke shure fhof fhe enveIope hos os much confocf wifh fhe sferiIiofion soIufion os
possibIe
eed sowing
ffer sferiIiing fhe seeds you con sforf fo fronsfer fhem info your fesf fubes Puf
on your gIoves, foke fhe fIosk confoining sferiIe disfiIIed wofer ond open if in fhe
sfeom Puf down fhe fIosk on fhe griII
ow foke fhe fIosk where fhe seed enveIope is swimming in ond open if in fhe
sfeom Iome your forceps ond fronsfer fhe enveIope fo fhe sferiIe disfiIIed wofer
ffer rinsing fhe enveIope for some seconds in sferiIe disfiIIed wofer move fhe
enveIope wifh o fIomed forceps fo fhe efhonoI sooked kifchen poper (on fhe griII)
Iome o scoIpeI ond open fhe enveIope
oId your scoIpeI ond fhe forceps for o shorf momenf in fhe boiIing wofer ond bring
fhem bock info efhonoI oke o fesf fube ond remove fhe oIuminium foiI cop
PIoce fhe cop cIose fo fhe pod on o kifchen poper which is sooked wifh efhonoI
oke fhe forceps ouf of fhe efhonoI ond fIome if emove fhe coffon pIug wifh
fhe fIomed forceps ond pIoce fhe pIug on fhe griII
Iome your repIofing fooI ond pick up some seeds wifh if ronsfer fhe seeds
direcfIy info fhe fesf fube on fhe medio ffer bringing fhe seeds on fhe medio
hoId fhe repIofing fooI for o shorf momenf in fhe boiIing wofer ond bring if bock
info efhonoI

Pick up fhe forceps which is hoIding fhe coffon pIug ond puf fhe pIug bock info fhe
fesf fube oId fhe forceps for o shorf momenf in fhe boiIing wofer ond bring if
bock info efhonoI
Iome fhe coffon pIug
Puf fhe oIuminium foiI cop on fhe fesf fube o moke shure fhof fhe foiI cop does
nof move oround we puf o rubber bond oround if
ome hinfs
q open fIosks ond fheir Iids hove fo sfoy in fhe sfeom fiII fhey ore cIosed ogoin
q donf move oround fo fosf whiIe open fIosks ore Iying in fhe sfeom
q donf speok whiIe open fIosks ore Iying on fhe griII
urfher core
e pIoce our fIosk of our windowsiII Iike fhe picfure beIow shows he femperofure
is obouf C f is very imporfonf fo prevenf direcf sun becouse fhe seeds in fhe
fIosks wiII become fo hof if fhey gef direcf sun f you hove no windowsiII ovoiIobIe
you con use o off fIuorescenf fubes e odvice you fo pIoce fhe fIosks on
differenf pIoces, so you con gef o feeIing which species needs which condifions fo
germinofe

Replating protocorms
necessory fooIs
q griII
q cooking pof
q condIe
q gIoves
q forceps
q fIosk wifh medio
q kifchen poper
q efhonoI
hen do hove fo repIofe my profocorms
ef fhe profocorms grow on fheir medio os Iong os fhey donf horm fhemseIf or fiII
fhey sforf fo buiId firsf roofs s bigger ond heoIfhier fhey ore os beffer fhey
survive repIofing e sow very smoII quonfifies of seeds in fIosks, so we con woif o
IiffIe bif Ionger ond fhe profocorms ore sfronger when we repIofe fhem
Encyclia vespa Protokorme ready for replating
epIofing fechnique
Puf on your gIoves, foke o fesf fube (mofher fIosk) ond remove fhe oIuminium foiI
cop PIoce fhe cop cIose fo fhe pod on o kifchen poper which is sooked wifh
efhonoI oke fhe forceps ouf of fhe efhonoI ond fIome if emove fhe coffon
pIug wifh fhe fIomed forceps ond pIoce fhe pIug ond fhe forceps on fhe griII
ow you con pick up o repIofing fIosk ond remove fhe profecfing oIuminium foiI in
fhe sferiIe oreo (sfeom)

pen fhe fIosk ond pIoce fhe Iid on fhe griII he repIofing fIosk con be puf down on
fhe griII foo

exf foke fhe repIofing fooI ouf of fhe efhonoI ond poss fhe fIome of your
condIe fo sferiIie if efore you pick up some profocorms you shouId dip fhe fooI
info fhe medio, on which fhe profocorms ore growing, fo cooI if ffer cooIing, foke
some profocorms ond fronsfer fhem info fhe new fIosks

ow dip your repIofing fooI info fhe boiIding wofer fo cIeon if ond pIoce fhe cIeon
fooI in efhonoI fiII you need if for your nexf fIosk CIose fhe repIofing fIosk ond
pIoce if on your desk for IobeIing (Iofer)

ifh fhe ofher repIofing fIosks you con process fhe some woy

Deflasking seedlings
necessory fooIs
q forceps
q if you hove gIossboffIes o chiseI ond o hommer
q seedIing medio
q kifchen poper
q sfyrofoom (for droining fhe communify pofs)
q disinfecfonf soIufion (eg , ChinosoI)
hen shouId defIosk my seedIings
ef your seedIings grow on medio os Iong os fhey donf horm fhemseIf ond fhey
grow weII s bigger fhey ore os eosier fhey survive defIosking he besf seoson for
defIosking is spring
seedIings big enough for defIosking
mporfonf fo know
rchid seedIings ore roised under sferiIe condifions on medio confoining oII
necessory nufrienfs fo reduce fhe in vifro fime fo o minimum hen we foke fhe
seedIings ouf of fhe sferiIe enviromenf (fhe fIosk) fhey gef in confocf wifh o Iof of
sfress cousing fhings (fungi, bocferio, ) he seedIings need some fime fo
occIimofie fo fhis horder condifions ond we shouId fry fo do fhof os miId os
possibIe efore you sforf defIosking you shouId find ouf how your orchids grows in
wiIdIife ond how you hove fo grow fhem
PIonfs wifhouf wofer sforoge fissues (eg osdevoIIios), which Iive in oreos wifh
consfonf humid condifions, require more humidify fhon succuIenf orchids (eg
CoffIeyos, oeIios)
osf seedIings die becouse of fo much wofer
efore you sforf fo foke fhe seedIigns ouf of fheir fIosk you shouId prepore fhe
seedIing mix e prefer fhe foIIowing medio
porf pine free bork
eiI moss
eiI chorchooI
eiI soiI from fhe foresf (eg soiI mode of beech Ieoves)

seedIing mix
hen you finish medio preporofion you con sforf fo moisfen o piece of kifchen
poper exf prepore fhe , disinfecfonf soIufion by dissoIving o , g fobIef in
wofer ow you con open fhe fIosk ond foke fhe seedIings ouf wifhouf demoging
fheir roofs f you hove o boffIe wifh o fhin neck if is besf fo cuf off fhe boffom of
fhe fIosk by using o fhin chiseI
ffer foking fhe seedIings ouf of fhe fIosks you shouId remove oII fhe medio where
fhe seedIings ore growing in orm wofer (obouf degrees ceIsius) heIps you fo
remove smoII medio pieces ffer cIeoning fhe seedIing fry fo seperofe fhem
wifhouf demoging fhem f if is nof possibIe, donf worry Ieove fhem fogefher
exf puf fhe seedIings for minufes in your disinfecfonf soIufion hiIe fhe
seedIings ore swimming in fhe disinfecfonf soIufion you con prepore your communify
pofs irsf of oII puf obouf cm sfyrofoom pieces info fhe pof (droinoge) exf puf
seedIing mix info fhe pof fiII fhe pof is fiIIed for fwo fhirds (obouf ) hen fhe
minufes of disinfecfion eIopsed you con sforf fo pof fhe seedIings wifh some
oddifionoI seedIing mix rchid bobies wonf fo be poffed cIose fogefher
communify pof
urfher core
n indoor green house wifh odjusfobIe oir suppIy is very usefuI for occIimofiofion
becouse you con increose fhe humidify sfep by sfep hen you use such on indoor
green house moke shure fhof no wofer remoins in if ond enough fresh oir gefs info
if ofherwise fhe seedIings wiII die soon f you ore nof shure fo wofer fhem or nof if
s beffer woif one more doy
indoor green house
ome Iinks fo ofher defIosking insfrucfions on fhe infernef
urIeigh Pork rchids
ob ynn eIIensfein

Contaminations
hof ore confominofions
f fungi or bocferio sforf fo grow on medio we coII if o confominofion becouse fungi
ond bocferio grow much fosfer fhon orchid seeds ond wiII kiII fhem soon

Contaminations
ore phofos of
confominofions
phofo
phofo
phofo
phofo
phofo
hof ore fhe sources of confominofions

here ore mony differenf couses why confominofions con oppeor
q sferiIiofion foiIed
q probIems in your sferiIe fechnique
q Ieoky cops
ow do confominofions Iook Iike
ony confominofions con be found or doys offer fIosking seeds or pIonfIefs (eg
nodes) ere ore some morkings of confominofions
q fosf growing discs on fhe medio
q fosf growing corpef (Iooks Iike fhin hoirs)
q edio furns whife ond becomes Iiquid
hof con do wifh confominofed fIosks
f is very imporfonf fo defecf o confominofion very soon becouse fhey con grow
very fosf f you hove found o sforfing confominofion you con fry fo repIofe cIeon
seeds or profocorms info ofher fIosk hen you ore cuIfuring nodes you con
sferiIie fhe node wifh hydrogen peroxide (
) for minufes ogoin ond fhen

pIoce if on new medio
f one of your fIosks is confominofed ond you ore nof obIe fo rescue if on fhe some
doy, you shouId fronsfer fhe fIosk fo o dorker ond cooI pIoce becouse of fhis
condifions fhe confominofion grow o IiffIe bif sIower

previous table of contents
Node culture
rom sIeeping buds you con produce one or more pIonfs (cIones)
What are nodes ?
culture in soil culture in vitro
What are growth regulators (hormones) ?
in vitro node culture
Preporing fhe nodes
he odvonfoge of fhis fechnique is fhof fhe new pIonfs ore cIones of fheir porenfs
ond Iook Iike fhey do e hove used fhis fechnique fo propogofe Phalaenopsis,
Doritis pulcherima, Phaius tankervilleae ond Chiloschista lunifera
uifobIe ore nodes, which you cuf diogonoI wifh cm beIow ond obove of fhe eye on
fhe fIower sfoIk f is very imporfonf fo us o very shorp knife becouse ofherwise
fhe fissue wiII be hurf fo much
Phalaenopsis flower stalk with bract
exf you hove fo remove fhe brocf covering fhe node corefuIIy
Phalaenopsis flower stalk (node) without bract
hich medio shouId you use
o inifiofe fhe growfh of fhe sIeeping eye we hove fo use medio which incIudes
cyfocinins (phyfohormon) e use igmos P (PhyfofechIob P)
ou con use fhe some equipmenf we discribed under eed sowing
Iosking fhe nodes
Dip fhe frimed nodes for o few seconds in efhonoI ffer fhof puf fhe nodes
for minufes in , hydrogen peroxide (
) exf puf fhem for minufes in

hen fhe minufes eIopsed, pIoce fhe sferiIied nodes (in fhe fesf
fube) on fhe griII which is Iying in fhe sfeom (sferiIe oreo) ow, pick up o fIosk ond
open if in fhe sfeom he cop shouId be pIoced on fhe efhonoI sooked kifchen poper
oke your forceps ond poss fhe fIome of your condIe fo sferiIie if ronsfer fhe
forceps fo fhe sferiIe oreo (sfeom) ond cofch one node which is swimming in fhe
hydrogen peroxide soIufion ond sfick if wifh fhe end of fhe boffom of fhe node info
fhe medio
exf, dip fhe forceps info fhe boiIding wofer fo remove oII resfs of medio ond
fronsfer fhe forceps info fhe boffIe wifh efhonoI CIose fhe fIosk (in fhe
sfeom) ond pIoced if somewhere on you desk for IobeIing ifh fhe nexf fIosk you
con process in fhe some woy
inf o moke your sferiIiofion soIufion more effecfive, odd o drop of dish woshing
soIufion fo your hydrogen peroxide
urfher core
he pIoce where you cuIfure your nodes shouId be brighf ond worm (obouf C)
Prevenf direcf sun becouse if wiII become fo hof inside fhe fIosks if fhey ore
sfonding in direcf sun
growing Chiloschista lunifera bud
ecouse of fhe sie ond fhe sfrucfure of fhe nodes fhe confominofion rofe is
higher fhon using osymb seed germinofion o, ifs very imporfonf fo check fhem in
fhe firsf week every doy if fhere ore ony confominofions f you find some fungi or
bocferio you con fry fo sferiIie fhem once ogoin
ony nodes exudofe phenoIic compounds info medio which moke fhe medio bIock
his phenoIic exudofions wiII kiII your nodes if you donf repIofe fhem fo new medio
ony nodes sfop exudofing phenoIic compounds offer or repIofings

phenolic exudations
s soon os fhe node hos gof or Ieoves you shouId repIofe if fo medio wifhouf
hormones (eg igmo P) fo inifiofe roof deveIopmenf
hof con do if wonf more fhon one pIonf
f you wonf fo produce more fhon one cIone you shouId cuf fhe fop of fhe node
his wiII couse fhe node fo puf ouf up fo o obouf doen shoofs insfeod of one
Phaius tankervilleae node culture
Phalaenopsis equestris
young plant from a node

table of contents
Growth regulators (hormones)
What are growth regulators ?
0rowfh reguIofors ore ony orgonic or synfhefic compounds fhof infIuence growfh
ond muIfipIicofion hey ore produced in pIonfs (eg in growing buds) fo confroI fhe
growfh
Auxins
uxins infIuence ceII enIorgemenf, roof inifiofion ond odvenfifious bud formofion
hey suppress fhe inifiofion of IoferoI buds (which is fhe bud of choice for ensuring
genefic sfobiIify) uxins ore commonIy used in fissue cuIfure medio, eifher
combined wifh cyfokinins during fhe muIfipIicofion sfoge or wifhouf cyfokinins for
fhe roofing sfoge
nome obbreviofion
ndoIecefic cid
ndoIeufyric cid
ophfhoIene cific cid
PhenyIocefic cid P
DichIorphenoxyocefic cid ,D
,,richIorphenoxyocefic cid ,,
PicIorom
Dicombo
pchIorophenoxyocefic cid CP

Cytokinins
Cyfokinins, formerIy coIIed kinins, ore required in fissue cuIfure medio for ceII
division, shoof muIfipIicofion ond oxiIIory bud proIiferofion hey heIp deIoy
senescence (oging), ond fhey infIuence ouxin fronsporf f cuIfures ore foo spindIy,
increosed cyfokinin wiII heIp fosfer shorfer, sfoufer sfems
nome obbreviofion
enyIodenin
enyIominopurine P
PenfyIodenin
DimefhyIoIIyIodenin
inefin
eofin
eofinriboside
sopenfenyIodenine iP
sopenfenyIodenosine iP
hidiouron D

Gibberellins
0ibbereIIins ore o group of nofuroIIy occuring subsfonces fhof infIuence ceII
enIorgemenf ond sfem eIongofion urosowo nofed in fhof secrefions from o
fungus (Gibberella fujikuroi) resuIfed in obnormoIIy ropid growfh in rice seedIings
he subsfonce wos gibbereIIic ocid, which wos Iofer isoIofed in crysfoIIine sfofe
from bofh fungi ond higher pIonfs
nome obbreviofion
0ibbereIIic cid 0
ChIorchoIinchIorid CCC

index
Node culture in soil
Preporing fhe nodes
e hove fried fhe foIIowing fechnique wifh Phaius tankervilleae ond if works very
good uifobIe ore nodes, which you cuf wifh cm beIow ond obove of fhe eye on
fhe fIower sfoIk f is very imporfonf fo us o very shorp knife becouse ofherwise
fhe fissue wiII be hurf fo much exf you hove fo remove fhe brocf covering fhe
node corefuIIy
PIoce fhe nodes in soiI
PIoce fhe prepored node in soiI horionfoI, fhe node shouId be on fhe highesf poinf
oisfen if weII ond cIose fhe box wifh pIosfic foiI Iike fhe picfure beIow shows
urfher core
PIoce fhe box wifh fhe nodes on o brighf worm pIoce ond prevenf direcf sun Check
fhem every doys if fhey ore moisfen enough

fresh nodes

weeks Iofer

furfher weeks Iofer

furfher weeks Iofer

index
What are nodes ?
PIonfs buiId sIeeping buds fo moke sure fhof if con survive if fhe opicoI bud dies
(eofen by o pesf, ) s Iong os fhe opicoI bud is growing if produces o growfh
reguIofor (hormon) which suppresses fhe growfh of fhe ofher buds on fhe sfem f
fhe opicoI bud dies, fhe growfh reguIofor is missing ond fhe sIeeping buds sforf fo
grow
Phalaenopsis Phalaenopsis node (detail view)
here con you find sIeeping buds
odes con be found eg
q on fhe sfoIks of Phalaenopsis, Doritis ond Phaius
q on buIbs of Dendrobium
q on buIbs of Cattleya

table of contents
Lotte & Thomas Orchideenseite (Einfhrung Keimung)
Biology of or chid seed ger minat ion
Or chid seeds ar e ver y small (like dust ) and do not cont ain any f ood r eser ves which
f eed t he embr yo in his f ir st st eps of lif e like ot her plant s do (e.g. apple, beans).
Because of t his f act , or chids pr oduce a high number of seeds (up t o 1 millon in each
capsule).

mat ur e Phaius t anker villeae capsule
I n nat ur e t he embr yos swell a lit t le bit but t hey will not f or m a seedling unless t hey
ar e inf ect ed by a symbiot ic f ungus (mycor r hizal f ungus) which supplies t hem wit h
sugar and nut r ient s. As soon as t he symbiosis is est ablished each embr yo becomes a
lit t le "ball" which is called pr ot ocor m. These pr ot ocor ms t ur n gr een af t er a while and
t he f ir st leaf and r oot s appear . Fr om t his st age t he seedlings can live wit hout t he
symbiot ic f ungus because t he phot osynt hesis is act ive.
http://www.orchideenvermehrung.at/english/seed%20germination/intro%20germination.htm (1 de 3)20/8/2009 13:13:35
Encyclia vespa pr ot ocor ms Cyr t opodium punct at um pr ot ocor ms
We have ger minat ed seeds of Epidendr um r adicans which build gr een pr ot ocor ms
af t er 2 weeks. Cyr t opodium punct at um pr ot ocor m t ook f or t he same st age mor e t han
2 mont hs.
Cyr t opodium punct at um
pr ot ocor ms wit h f ir st leaves
Epidendr um r adicans
pr ot ocor ms wit h f ir st leaves
Symbiot ic ger minat ion in t he pot of t he par ent s
This is a ver y old t echnique which was used bef or e in vit r o cult ur e was discover ed.
Her e we use t he symbiot ic f ungus which is gr owing on/ in t he r oot s of t he adult
or chid (which pr oduce t he capsule). The seeds ar e sown ver y close t o t he r oot s and
ar e kept moist t o st ar t ger minat ion.
The number of seedlings is limit ed because many pr ot ocor ms and seedlings get killed
by pest s and aggr essive f ungi.
Symbiot ic ger minat ion (in vit r o)
At t his t echnique we have t o isolat e t he symbiot ic f ungus f r om a r oot of t he or chid
wher e t he capsule was pr oduce. The f ungus has t o be est ablished on a nut r ient -poor
media (e.g. oat meal agar ). Next we have t o st er ilize t he or chid seeds and saw t hem
on t he media which cont ains t he isloat ed f ungus. The seeds will ger minat e and
pr oduce seedlings if t he isolat ed f ungus is compat ible wit h t he seeds. I f not , no
ger minat ion will t ake place.
Wit h t his met hode it is possible t o r ise much mor e plant s f r om t he same quant it y of
seeds as we can do wit h "Symbiot ic ger minat ion in t he pot of t he par ent s".
Asymbiot ic ger minat ion (in vit r o)
To avoid t he high ef f or t , which is needed t o isolat e and t est t he f ungus, we can
"simply" ignor e t he f ungus and add all necessar y nut r ient s (which ar e pr ovided by t he
f ungus) t o t he media. The only t hing we have t o do is t o cook t he media and saw t he
seeds under st er ile condit ions on t his media. For mor e det ails please r ead asymbiot ic
seed ger minat ion.

back to the table of contents
How can I get some seeds ?
Bef or e you can st ar t sowing seeds you have t o solve t he pr oblem t hat seeds
nor mally can not be bought in shops. So you have t o pollinat e your own plant s. To
pollinat e an or chid t he plant should be st r ong and healt hy.
To st ar t building a capsule you have t o t r ansf er t he pollinia of one f lower t o t he
st igma of an ot her plant . I f you have got only one plant or only one f lower you can
t r ansf er t he pollinia t o it s own st igma. Some or chids do not allow self pollinat ion
so we have t o t r y if it acept s it s own pollinia or not .
Her e ar e some examples of f lower s wher e you can see wher e t he st igma and t he
pollinia ar e.
Diocent r um
Phalaenopsis
Bur r agear a
Oncidium
Paphiopedilum
Our pollinat ion t echnique
We use wooden t oot hpicks t o t r ansf er pollinia. The best t ime t o pollinat e your
or chid is when t he f lower has f inished opening. Move t he end of t he t oot hpick int o
t he f lower an pull out t he pollinia. Somet imes t he pollinia does not st ick on t he
t oot pick. I n t his case you should use a f or ceps t o pull t hem out . I n t he next st ep
r emove t he ant her cap and place t he pollinia on t he st igma, as close as possible t o
t he ent r y of t he st igma channel, of t he ot her f lower . Last but not least wr it e down
t he pollinat ion dat e and t he name of t he secound plant .
Dur at ion f r om pollinia t r ansf er t ill pollinat ion
Oncidium ampliat um 45 - 50 days
Cat t leya bowr ingiana 60 - 65 days
Dendr obium nobile 75 - 80 days
Encyclia cor diger a 120 - 150 days
http://www.orchideenvermehrung.at/english/seed%20germination/getting%20seeds.htm (1 de 5)20/8/2009 13:13:43
Basic r ules t o label t he pollinat ed f lower s
Wit h some examples we want t o show you t he common way t o label seed capsules
and plant s.
Name: Cat t leya f or besii

Two Cat t leya f or besii plant s, gr own f r om dif f er ent par ent s, wer e cr ossed (pollinia
f r om plant A was t r anf er ed t o t he st igma of plant B).
Name: Cat t leya f or besii x self

I f t he pollinia was t r aded bet ween f lower s on t he same plant we call it a self ing.
When cr ossing t wo plant s which ar e gr own f r om one mer ist em (in vit r o t issue
cult ur e) or by cut t ing one plant int o t wo par t s it s st ill a self ing.
Name: Cat t leya f or besii x sib

When cr ossing t wo plant s which ar e gr own f r om t he same par ent s we call it a
sibling (plant s ar e gr own f r om one seed capsule and t his plant s ar e cr ossed).
Name: Cat t leya f or besii x r ex

A Cat t leya f or besii was cr ossed wit h a Cat t leya r ex.
Name: Cat t leya f or besii x Laelia cr ispa

A Cat t leya f or besii was cr ossed wit h a Laelia cr ispa.
Har vest ing capsules
The seeds inside t he capsule have f inished t heir development about 3/ 4 of t he
t ime t he capsule needs f r om pollinia t r ansf er t ill r eleasing t he mat ur e seeds. I f you
want t o sow gr een capsules (in vit r o) you can har vest t hem af t er t his t ime. I t s
ver y impor t ant t hat t he gr een capsule has no holes or places wher e f ungi could
r each t he seeds ot her wise t hey ar e not f r ee of cont aminat ions (f ungi, bact er ia, ...).
Phalaenopsis
(3 mont hs old)
Cleisost oma ar iet inum
(3 mont hs old)
Masdevallia coccinea alba
(3 weeks old)
For sowing dr y seeds j ust wait t ill t he capsule st ar t s t o open (dehisces) and t hen
har vest it .
Dur at ion f r om pollinia t r ansf er t ill har vest ing mat ur e capsules
Acampe 16 1/ 2 mont hs
Angr eacum 5 1/ 2 mont hs
Bif r enar ia 8 mont hs
Bulbophyllum 3 mont hs
Calant he 4 mont hs
Calypt r ochilum 8 mont hs
Cat t leya 11 mont hs
Coelogyne 13 mont hs
Cymbidium 10 mont hs
Cyr t or chis 7 mont hs
Dendr obium 12 mont hs
Dendr obium nobile 6 1/ 2 mont hs
Dendr obium phalaenopsis hybr ids 5 mont hs
Dendr obium pier ar dii 14 mont hs
Disa unif lor a 6 - 7 weeks
Dor it is 7 1/ 2 mont hs
Epidendr um 3 1/ 2 mont hs
Googyer a 1 mont h
Laelia 9 mont hs
Laelia br ysiana 5 mont hs
Laelia f ur f ur acea 3 mont hs
Maniella 1 mont h
Masdevallia 4 mont hs
Maxillar ia 10 mont hs
Milt onia 9 mont hs
Odont oglossum 7 mont hs
Odont oglossum cor dat um 5 - 6 mont hs
Paphiopedilum 10 mont hs
Paphiopedilum lowii 4 mont hs
Paphiopedilum par ishii 5 mont hs
Phalaenopsis 6 mont hs
Phalaenopsis f ar bige 8 mont hs
Phalaenopsis lueddemanniana var . hier oglyphica 12 1/ 2 mont hs
St anhopea 7 mont hs
Vanda 20 mont hs
List er a ovat a 1 mont h
Ophr ys sphecodes 2 mont hs
Cypr ipedium 3 mont hs
A ver y lar ge list of seed-capsule ages is available at BARRY' S ORCHI D PAGE.
You can or der or chid seeds at ...
The Or chid Seedbank Pr oj ect
Exot ic Plant s

Packing seeds
When you har vest a mat ur e capsules you ll have a high number of seeds available.
Nor mally you do not need all of t hem. I f you ever have t r ied t o get some
or chidseeds f r om ot her gr ower s, you know how dif f icult it can be and how glad
people ar e when t hey get some new seeds. I n t he int er net you can f ind some gr oups
wher e gr ower s shar e t heir seeds.
Pr epar ing t he seeds
Bef or e you st ar t packing your dr y seeds f or shipping you should r emove all
cont aminat ions (par t s of t he capsule, pollen t ubes, ...). The best t ool t o do t his is a
f or ceps.
Packing t he seeds
The paper in t he pict ur es below is 10 cm wide and 10 cm high.

http://www.orchideenvermehrung.at/english/seed%20germination/shipping%20seeds.htm (1 de 3)20/8/2009 13:14:06


Lotte & Thomas Orchids (germination on barks)
Ger minat ion on bar k
Backgr oundst or y t o t his idea
A f ew mont hs ago we r ead Ant on Hef kas book "Cat t leyen und Laelien" wher e he
explains how he ger minat ed about 100 year s ago (1900) t housands of Cat t leyas and
Laelias at t he bot anical gar den Schnbr unn. This was t he pr ocedur e he used: "Put
some cr ocks in a clay pot t ill t hey r each one t hir d of t he pot s volume. Next , put
sphagnum moss on t he cr ocks t ill t he pot is f illed f or t wo t hir ds. Last but not least
f ill f r esh spr uce saw dust pulp in t he pot and disper se t he seeds on t he sur f ace of
t he spr uce pulp. Place t he pot in a br ight but not sunny ar ea in your gr eenhouse and
wat er t hem ever y day."
We t r ied t o r epr oduce t his met hode but we wer e not able t o ger minat e seeds t his
way. Af t er t his f ailed exper iment we put some seeds of Pleione spec. and
Epidendr um r adicans on a piece of bar k and t hey ger minat ed ver y good. Wit hin a
f ew mont hs we had ver y healt hy seedlings. Because of t he successf ul symbiot ic
ger minat ion we t r ied t o r epr oduce it wit h dif f er ent seeds but we wer e not able t o
r epeat a successf ul ger minat ion. The seeds become pr ot ocor ms but t he neccessar y
f ungus is not always pr esent and so t he pr ot ocor ms die af t er a while.
The t echnique we used f or our successf ul ger minat ion on a bar k:
Bef or e we can st ar t t o sow t he seeds we have t o collect some f r esh bar ks f r om a
local f or est . Af t er t hat we cut t he bar k int o small pieces (about 5 x 5 cm) and put
t hem f or one hour in r ain wat er . Next we disper sed t he seeds on t he moist bar ks
and placed t hem in a modif ied plast ic bot t le as you can see on t he pict ur e below.
http://www.orchideenvermehrung.at/english/seed%20germination/bark/index.htm (1 de 4)20/8/2009 13:14:25


Fur t her car e:
Place t he bot t le (cont aining t he bar ks) on a br ight but not sunny ar ea and wat er t he
bar ks as soon as t he bar k st ar t t o become dr y. I t is impor t ant t o let t he bar k dr y
out a lit t le bit bef or e wat er ing t hem again. We wat er t hem ever y mor ning.
Epidendr um r adicans pr ot ocor ms
Pleione seedlings

index
Seed sowing
G&B Orchid - Seed Sowing Manual
HORT 400 ORCHID LAB
The Orchid Seedbank Project
The Orchid Web
Venger's Flasking Pictorial
Terrestrial Orchids and their propagation by seed invitro culture
Barrys Orchid Page
Tissue Quick Plant Laboratories
How to make Paphs' hybrids and how to seed asepticaly
El Pahuma Orchid Reserve
Hummel INVITRO
Axelssons Orchid Site
Tissue culture
Carnivorous Plant Tissue Culture
Phytohormone (Pflanzenhormone) und andere Wachstumsregulatoren
The basic TC procedure I use
Plant Tissue Culture Research at the University of Minnesota
Santiago Navarro's Lab Corner
Kitchen Culture Kits, Inc.
Discussiongroups
University of Minnesota (PLANT-TC)
Hometissueculture Gruppe
OrchidSeeds Gruppe
AOS forum
Orchid Seed and Tissue Culture
orchidforums.net
other links
http://www.orchideenvermehrung.at/english/links.htm (1 de 3)20/8/2009 13:16:21
botanical garden Vienna (Bulbophyllum-collection)
in vitro Orchids Raschun (terrestrial orchids, ...)
The American Orchid Society
Parishianae Section ... a part of Phalaenopsis
Linda's Orchid Page
Niederlndische Arbeitsgruppe Masdevallien
Green Canon Orchids - Home of Cypripedium reginae
Orchid Guide
Phalaenopsis website
Orchid Mania
Orchid Mall
Hawaii Orchids
The cactus and succulent plant mall
Winterview - Chinese Cymbidium
WildNet Africa
Petite Plaisance
Orchid Species Culture
Orchid Photo Encyclopedia
Orchid Closet
The London Orchid Society ( Canada )
Papua New Guinea Orchid News
San Diego Country Orchid Society
The Orchid Photo Page
Cymbidium Society of America, INC
Brazilian Orchids
Australasian Native Orchid Society
Fleurs Orchids (Pleuros and more)
Pleurothallid Alliance
Miranda Orchids (Brazil)
Orchids of Indonesia
Peter and Wolf's Invitrolabs
Online Orchid Reference (John Trueman)
Diablo View Orchid Society
The Orchid Site
Orchid Club Labellum (Czech Republic)
Austrian Cactus and Succulent Association (ACSA)

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The Home Plant Tissue Culture Listserv was
created at the request of several tissue culture
hobbyists who wanted a site where beginners could
share their experiences with other non-
professionals or those with limited experience. Our
goal is to share ideas, cultures, seeds, chemicals,
protocols, recipes and sources of information with
each other. We are all limited in funds and
expensive equipment and want to share ideas of
how we can do plant tissue culture in an effective
but inexpensive manner.

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http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/hometissueculture/ (2 de 2)20/8/2009 13:16:53
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Messages: 271
271, Hello. Cood site.
Gunnar http://www.olzon.nu Fr, 17. Juli 2009 16:19:23
270, Hi ich wollte euch nur sagen das ihr echt die beste Seite habt die ich bis jetzt
gesehen habe ganz liebe Gre aus der Steiermark
jacqueline Do, 16. Juli 2009 10:18:11
269, Hallo bin von der Seite sehr beeindruckt , darum muss ich ein groes Lob dafr
zurck lassen . Wnsche euch noch viele Besucher auch wrde ich mich ber einen
Gegenbesuch sehr freuen .
Marthas Tierwelt http://www.marthas-tierwe ... Mi, 8. Juli 2009 20:55:08
268, I would like to thank you very much for taking the time to share with everyone the
basics of orchid seeding, flasking and Node growing. I will give all these steps a go and
will report back with results and pictures.
Thanks from Queensland Australia
L & K Kinnsh
aaapolytanks@bigpond.com
www.bromeliadorchid.com.au
Leonard & Karen Kinn ... http://www.bromeliadorchi ... Di, 23. Juni 2009 12:24:42
267, Wasza strona mi bardzo pomoga
Patryk Do, 11. Juni 2009 23:26:59
http://www.orchideenvermehrung.at/cgi-local/gaestebuch/...Hintergrund=images/backgr.jpg&Kopfzeile=Our%20guestbook (1 de 63)20/8/2009 13:32:50
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266, Bin eigentlich ein Besucher aus einem ganz anderen Lager, Pilzzucht.
Auf die Seite hat mich die Suche nach einem "Laminar Flow Hood"(hier: Sterile
Werkbank) gefhrt und muss sagen, super! Tolle Anleitung. Werde ich auch nachbauen.
Die Anforderungen sind etwa die gleichen wie fr die Orchideenzucht.
Marc Mi, 10. Juni 2009 09:41:58
265, Sehr schne Seite ... ich werde mal als Fotograf einige Orchideen Bilder machen.
Meine Freundin hat mir die Seite gezeigt. Gerne stelle ich Eurer Seite dann einige Bilder
zur Verfgung ... Weiter so!
Paul http://www.digitale-fotog ... Do, 14. Mai 2009 21:27:55
264, Prima und danke fr die Informationen. Ich befasse mich erst seit kurzem mit dem
Thema daher gute Sammlung hier.
Sina http://rezepteallerart.de ... Do, 14. Mai 2009 18:00:48
263, Hallo Thomas und Lotte,bin durch zufall auf euerer Seite gestoen.Lebe in Brasilien
(Bello Horizonte)und habe auch angefangen Ochideen zu sammeln.Habe um die 100
Stck.Teils gekauft und teils aus der Natur.bin auf der suche nach guten
Orchideenbchern zum bestimmen der Pflanzen denn ich habe viele ohne zu wissen um
was es sich handelt.Finde euere seite sehr gut und werde weiter reinschauen.Werde jetzt
einmal versuchen orchideen zu vermehren (Aussaat auf Rinde)denn ich habe einige
Samenkapsel.Wrde mich ber Nachricht(wegen der Bcher)freuen.

Mit freundlichen Gru aus Brasilien
Eckhard Geyer So, 5. Apr. 2009 23:01:57
262, Hallo,
ich bin heute durch Zufall auf eure Homepage gestoen und habe viel Interessantes ber
Orchideen gelesen. Knftig werde ich eure Homepage regelmig besuchen. Macht
weiter so.
Our guestbook
Verena Mi, 18. Mrz 2009 19:14:14
261, Dit is baie intersant ensal graag van u saad bestel. As I am from South Africa and
find it very intrest. I have cymbiduims and cattelyas as they grow more easier than all the
other orchid as our night temperture in winter is under-4 celsuis and our summertime the
temperture goes over 38 celsuis. Is there a website which show you exactly how to get
the seeds from cymbiduims as here in South Africa there is no place to buy from. Thanks
for the intresting website

Wynand le Roux

wrleroux@telkomsa.net
Wynand le Roux http://wrleroux@telkomsa. ... So, 15. Mrz 2009 19:50:08
260, Hallo Lotte und Thomas! heute waren mein Mann und ich in der Klosterneuburger
Orchideenausstellung, welche uns sehr gut gefallen hat. Haben bei Eurem Stand eine
Stanhopea gibbosa als Smlinge gekauft und freuen uns sehr darber. Mit Euren Tips
sollte ja alles gut gehen. Bevor wir die Ausstellung verlassen haben, haben wir noch eine
Cattleya gekauft (die angeblich nur zu Weihnachten blht? Habt Ihr da einen Tip fr uns,
auer, da sie auch pralle Sonne aushlt?).Nun sind ungefhr 23 Orchideen in unserer
Wohnung plus den Smlingen im Glase. Darf ich Euch kontaktieren, wenn Fragen
kommen? Bis vor einem Monat hatten wir noch keine einzige Orchidee.Vielleicht kommen
wir zu Rarittenbrse in Wien. Wnsche Euch weiter viel Erfolg und so schliee ich mfG
LUNA
Luna http://bild-page-luna.rep ... Sa, 14. Mrz 2009 21:21:44
259, Thank you for a very well organiced homepage with very many interesting tips for a
novice in orchid seed germination.
dag
dag semmingsen Fr, 13. Mrz 2009 18:56:09
258, Hallo,

ich wrde gerne mal euch eine mail schreiben, aber ich finde eure Mail Adresse nicht.
Knntet ihr mich nicht einmal Kontaktiren und mir euchre Mail zusenden?
Our guestbook

Ich finde das Orchideen Zchten eine sehr spannende sache, macht weiter so:))

Machts gut

Richard Schulze aus Deutschland
Richard Schulze Di, 24. Feb. 2009 14:04:27
257, Hallo,
vielen Dank fr den schnellen und angenehmen Kontakt,wir werden einfach noch ein
bischen mehr Geduld mit unser Cattlaya haben.
Thorsten
thorsten Di, 6. Jan. 2009 20:59:05
256, Haben gar nicht gewusst, dass ihr eine Webseite beim Weinhof Zimmermann habt ??
Waren natrlich neugierig und haben gleich nach geschaut !!
Liebe Gre
Mimi u. Nina
Nina Klli und Mimi Do, 18. Dez. 2008 20:41:01
255, Hallo Lotte und Thomas !!
Oma und ich haben gerade eure Seiten angeschaut.
Es war wirklich interesannt wie die verschiedensten Orchideen heranwachsen !!
Liebe Gre aus Tirol
Mimi u. Nina !!
Nina Klli Do, 18. Dez. 2008 20:36:27
254, Hallo Lotte, hi Thomas,

es ist faszinierend, wenn aus einem winzigen Orchideensamen ein
Pflanze heranwchst. Die tropischen Vertreter der Familie haben ebenso
ihren Reiz wie die kostbaren heimischen Orchideen. So habe ich mich
auch beim "Gegenbesuch" hier gefreut, und vielleicht treffen wir uns ja
auch mal im "wirklichen" Leben. Herzliche Gre, peter
Our guestbook
Peter http://www.miramis.de Mo, 10. Nov. 2008 23:28:26
253, Hallo alle zusammen . Erst einmal ein dickes LOB
fr Euer Forum. Bin selber tierischer Orchideen Fan.
Ich selber habe sieben verschiedene und halte diese
in einem Terrarium. Sie entwickeln sich prchtig und
blhen mehrmals pro Jahr. Vor kurzem habe ich das erste mal eine erfolgreich bestubt
und auf der Suche nach Hilfe bin ich nun auf Eure Seite gestoen.

Lieben Gru by Psy
Bjrn Mi, 29. Oct. 2008 19:01:54
252, Hi! my name is Julieta and i live in argentina.
i recieved as a gitf a white phalaenopsis.
The problem I have is that only 3 flowers (the lower ones) opend but the
ones on the top are turning yellow and they are falling...
What can I do?
Thanks a lot!
Julieta
Julieta santucci Fr, 24. Oct. 2008 15:25:50
251, Hallo Lotte und Thomas,

toll, Eure Website! Danke!

Habe da noch ein paar Fragen:

Kann man ganz normale Marmelade oder Babybreiglschen nehmen? Platzen die nicht
bei 20 min. im Backofen wegen der hohen Hitzeeinwirkung?

Wo bekommt man denn die ganzen Utensilien wie Skalpell, Ethanol usw. her? Aus der
Apotheke?

Muss man den Nhrboden selbst mischen oder gibt es den auch im Fachhandel "fertig" ?

Wie lange brauchen die Orchis, bis sie zum ersten Mal blhen (z. B. Phalaenopsis) ?

Wie lange brauchen die Protokorme, bis sie eine Pflanze werden?
Our guestbook

Wenn man Euch den eigenen Nachwuchs zur Verfgung stellt, bekommt man dann
kostenlos 10 Jungpflanzen aus Eurer Zucht oder aus der eigenen?

Seit Ihr Hobby-Zchter?

Vielen Dank im Voraus.

Liebe Gre,

Sandra.
Sandra Mi, 15. Oct. 2008 12:45:47
250, Dank fr das Teilen von Plnen. Jedoch lese ich nicht den Deutschbrunnen und
morgens, die Probleme in den US des Findens der Materialien haben, die ich bentige.
Wenn Sie uns Quellen fr diese Materialien in den US erklren konnten. Ich hatte
betrachtet Laufhauf (SP?)Organgeblse aber -sie waren zu gro fr, was erforderlich ist.
Entschuldigen Sie bitte meine armen deutschen "attemps".

Thanks for sharing plans. However I do not read German well and am having problems in
the US of finding the materials I need. If you could tell us sources for these materials in
the US. I had looked at Laufhauf(sp?)Organ Blowers but they were too large for what is
needed. Please excuse my poor German attemps.

lvb
Ludwig So, 12. Oct. 2008 05:46:35
249, I thank you for your generosity in the sharing of information.
Del Mi, 1. Oct. 2008 03:01:30
248, Hallo! Eure Seite ist echt toll! ich liebe Orchideen! Ich habe ca. 15. Stk zuhause!
Tschss
Elisabeth Di, 2. Sep. 2008 18:30:35
Our guestbook
247, Hello Guys
Thank you for sharing and having done one of the best and most pedagogic websites on
the net.
Very nice with pictures and descriptions.

Are building a Laminar flowhood,
"your construction",
thank you for sharing your building plans.

Best Regards from
Peter Giegold / Sweden
Peter Giegold http://www.hannas.se Mo, 11. Aug. 2008 22:33:11
246, HOLA, SOY UN FANATICO DE LAS ORQUIDEAS Y ME GUSTARIA APRENDER TODO
LO RELACIONADO A LA GERMINACION DE SEMILLAS EN BOTELLAS. ESTERILIZACION,
DESINFECCION, CONSTRUCCION DEL LABORATORIO, ECT. SI CUALQUIER PERSONA
QUIERE AYUDARME, LE ESTARE MUY AGRADECIDO.
GRACIAS.
Ricarte Rivera http://www.caribanagraphi ... Fr, 11. Juli 2008 18:39:47
245, Wie die Homepage ,so die Pflanzen !
excellent,bin begeistert !

Andrea
Andrea Pitzer-Bolte Do, 12. Juni 2008 21:46:25
244, Hallo Leute ,

also ich muss ehrlich gestehen auf eurer Seite gefllts mir.Man kann auch viel lernen.

Komme demnchst nochmal vorbei

Gruss aus der Pfalz
Nadine
Our guestbook
Nadine http://www.teichfilter-te ... Di, 10. Juni 2008 19:21:35
243, Hallo, Ich bin i diesem Jahr ein Orideen-Betrachter geworden.
Nun lebe ich in Thailand, Ich habe mir aus dem Dschungel ein paar Orhids geholt. Habe
sie auf Holz jeglicher Art gebunden und warte nun auf Erfolge.Eure Ausfuehrungen ueber
Aussaat waren sehr interesant.
Bis jetzt habe ich keine Samenbildung festgestellt.
Wie ekenne ich Samen-Bildung??
Fuer eine Nachricht waere ich dankbar.
Thai-Herbert. Mi, 21. Mai 2008 18:56:07
242, Hallo! Eure Seite ist super. Ich fange an mich fr Orchideen zu interessieren. sehr
spannend... ^^
Linda Sa, 19. Apr. 2008 18:06:28
241, Die seite ist Super!

Ich hab mir eine sehr kleine orchidee gekauft leider sind schon alle blten abgefallen (hab
sie auch schon lnger) aber jetzt bekommt sie ein neues blatt, ich bin so stolz das ich
meine 1. orchidee durch bekomme! man kann fast jeden tag zusehen wie das neue blatt
heran wachst. es geht so schnell.

lg Jenny
Jennifer http://www.grelleslicht.a ... Sa, 5. Apr. 2008 23:06:30
240, Hallchen!
Wir wnschen Euch ein schnes Osterfest! Viele liebe Grsse von uns.
Vera & Jannyk http://jannyk2.ic.cz So, 23. Mrz 2008 18:18:25
239, Hy,

Very nice and beautiful website. Gratulations.
Our guestbook

Best wishes from Switzerland.
Strub http://www.blumen-strub.c ... Do, 20. Mrz 2008 08:28:53
238, hallo finde eure seiten was orchideen angeht ganz gut naja sind ja auch die einzigen
wo ich bis jetzt war.orchideen finde ich einfach klasse habe mein herz dafr entdeckt so
das ich auf die idee gekommen bin es auch einfach mal zu probieren sie zu vermehren da
ich auch gerne experimentiere.habe meine orchideen bestubt was mir auch gelungen
ist. hatte auch von der nodienvermehrung gelesen was mir nicht gelungen ist was ich
aber trotzdem weiter versuche.nun wollte ich es mal per aussaat versuchen,nun meine
frage woher bekomme ich das nhrmedium oder kann ich es mir selber herstellen?Mit
freundlichen gren Guido
Markwardt Guido Di, 18. Mrz 2008 18:19:24
237, Fantastic website.
Tell me ... do you deliver flask to Malaysia ?
Zul Fr, 18. Jan. 2008 10:47:02
236, Hi, a great website. Thanks for information about seed germination, meristem culture
and orchids. I have some problem with sterilization from eksplan and browning. Please
help me.

Thanks
Kiki Hendarsyah Di, 15. Jan. 2008 00:05:52
235, Hallo!
Habe eure Seite zufllich gefunden. Wow, sehr interessant und schn. Alles gut
beschrieben und leicht zu verstehen.
Ich freue mich schon auf Fhling, da mchte ich gern npaar Pflanzen bestellen.

Guten Rutsch!

Julia
Our guestbook
Julia So, 30. Dez. 2007 11:36:58
234, Hallo Ihr Beiden,
habe heute meine bestellten Smlinge bekommen und mu Euch sagen, das Preis- /
Leistungsverhltnis ist sehr gut.
Danke Euch fr die Lieferung und bitte weiter so.

Gru Franz
Franz http://www. bordercollie- ... Do, 8. Nov. 2007 17:52:31
233, Hallchen!
Wir wnschen Euch ein ganz doll Happy Halloween.Liebe Grsse von Jannyk und
Frauchen.
Vera & Jannyk http://jannyk.ic.cz Do, 25. Oct. 2007 12:20:00
232, Schne Seite die Ihr da habt, gratuliere. Weiter so.
Viele Gre aus dem Norden.
Sandy http://www.netmeile.com/ Do, 25. Oct. 2007 07:37:06
231, Hallo Lotte
Danke das Du mein Gstebuch besucht hast und hab natrlich jetzt Deine angeschaut.
Tolle Dinge machtst Du da und wenn ich mehr Platz htte dann wrde ich paar Flaschen
kaufen.

LG Karl aus Mnchen
Karl http://www.mein-suedtirol ... Do, 18. Oct. 2007 22:27:53
230, Hallo Lotte,

vielen Dank frs Vorbeischauen. In sterreich war ich noch nicht der Orchideen wegen,
aber dort gibt es bestimmt auch lohnende Ziele. Besonders interessant finde ich, dass ihr
auch wei blhende Orchis militaris gefunden habt - dazu habe ich auf www.albiflora.eu
Our guestbook
etwas zusammengetragen.

Die Aufzucht ist eine Wissenschaft fr sich. Bei euch bekommt man aber einen guten
Einblick, was es dabei alles zu beachten gibt. Herzliche Gre nach Neusiedl!
Peter http://www.miramis.de Do, 18. Oct. 2007 16:48:11
229, Super Seite, schn viele Bilder und sehr anschaulich. Nur zu empfehlen.
Christian Do, 27. Sep. 2007 21:59:07
228, Habe tolle Infos ber die Orchideenzucht erfahren das ist eine tolle Seite :-D
alexander http://myblog.de/axelande ... Mi, 26. Sep. 2007 16:19:51
227, hi, da habt ihr eine interessante page erstellt. gefllt mir gut. liebe grsse aus der
schweiz martin
Martin Schnetzler http://mbs-galerie.npage. ... So, 23. Sep. 2007 20:58:25
226, Gratuliere zu Eurer schnen und informativen Website ber die farbenprchtigsten
Juwelen aus dem Pflanzenreich!
Heinz http://www.carat-online.a ... Di, 18. Sep. 2007 11:50:04
225, I love orchid, the most paphiopedilum.I have a lot of paphopedilum .I am seeding
paph in culture.if you like looking picture paphiopeilum of Vietnam, you will contact with
me.phanthanhs2yahoo.com.thank and good bye!
sang phan Di, 18. Sep. 2007 08:15:41
224, Hi! thanks for the very useful information include this web.. :-)
Tom http://www.masozravky.net ... Di, 18. Sep. 2007 00:27:11
Our guestbook
223, Ich finde eure Seite super. Sehr informativ und leicht zu verstehen. Nur weiter so
Hakan http://expandiere-dein-ei ... Sa, 15. Sep. 2007 23:25:01
222, Just came across your website. Wonderfully written and very informative. Always
wanted to try propagating my orchids using stems, now I know how to do it! Thanks for
sharing.
peter Sa, 8. Sep. 2007 16:22:19
221, Hallo!
Eine wirklich ausfhrliche und gut strukturierte Seite!

Bin grade auf der Suche nach Nhrlsungen. Die Links auf dieser Seite fhren leider zu
englischen, bzw. amerikanischen Seiten. Wohne in Deutschland und das Porto wr mir
etwas zu teuer. Kennt jemand eine Addresse oder Homepage im Internet, wo ich
Nhrlsungen in Deutschland oder Umgebung beziehen knnte???
Gre
Doro
Doro Fr, 10. Aug. 2007 11:38:18
220, i love this site keep it up is nice and good keep it up is fineeeeeeeeeeeee
emmy umuahia http://www.yahoo.com Fr, 29. Juni 2007 20:16:23
219, wunderschne web-page, voller wichtige Information! Gratuliere
Liebe Gruesse aus Denia (Alicante) , Spanien
JUAN CARLOS VENTURIN ... Fr, 15. Juni 2007 11:58:18
218, Directly from Brazil!!

Our guestbook
Thanks for all the information!!

Danke!

Daniel Do, 7. Juni 2007 23:42:25
217, Hallo Lotte u. Thomas
arbeite seid 2Jahren nach eurer Zuchtanleitung (Hobby)
erfogreich.Suche Zuchtanleitung fr einheimische Orghideen und fr Kannenpfanzen.
Knnt ihr mir helfen ??? Danke im vorraus.
Felix
Viereckl Felix Do, 7. Juni 2007 11:03:35
216, Vielen Dank und liebe Gre
barbara http://www.herba-bestells ... Mi, 30. Mai 2007 08:50:17
215, Hallo Lotte & Thomas!!

Ich heie Alexandra und habe eine sehr schlimme Orchideenkrankheit von mein Vater
geerbt!!
Will alles ber Orchideen wissen!!
Finde Eure website sehr interessant!!!

Gru
**Alex**
Alexandra Baungarten ... Mi, 23. Mai 2007 20:05:04
214, Hi my name is joshua,I grow carnivours plants and I am in tissue cutlture.
Joshua Martin Mi, 23. Mai 2007 07:16:33
213, Hi everybody--I'm from Florida and I would like to trade orchid seeds with anybody--I
have a passion for Dend. and I'm trying to get as many as I can of them--but I will trade for
Our guestbook
anything--just to trade and make new friends--Norm
Norman Knepper Sa, 12. Mai 2007 22:18:36
212, Hallo,

tolle und informative Seiten!
Besucht doch auch mal meine Seiten - ich zchte Landschildkrten in sterreich!
Theresia Gnauer http://www.schildkroeten- ... Do, 26. Apr. 2007 11:33:54
211, Hallo sehr schne und informative Seite . Gefllt mir sehr. Jeder, hat doch schon mal
vom Leben unter Palmen getrumt! Euer Traum kann Wirklichkeit werden! Wo? Auf der
Karibik Insel Saint Martin / Sint Maarten . Es ist kein Auswandern sondern nur ein Umzug!
Auch ich bin ein groer Orchideenliebhaber, aber bei mir sind es im Sommer bis zu 40
Grad im Schatten und das vertragen Orchideen leider nicht. Sonnige Gre aus Saint
Martin von Anett

Anett Wunderlich http://www.saintmartinfwi ... Fr, 6. Apr. 2007 15:39:12
210, Hallo
Super Seite habt ihr da zu stande gebracht.
viele wertvolle und einfache Tips.
weiters so :o)

Gru Nicole
Nicole Sa, 10. Mrz 2007 13:22:27
209, Hallchen!

Schne Seite, gefllt mir sehr gut.Ich komme bestimmt
fters mal vorbei.

Viele liebe Grsse aus Czech Republic
Vera und Jannyk http://jannyk2.ic.cz Do, 8. Mrz 2007 18:07:30
Our guestbook
208, Hallo

Super Seite und eine tolle Linksammlung
weiter so..

gru
J:Brongers http://www.unicum-koi.com ... Fr, 2. Feb. 2007 20:49:24
207, Danke fr die Anregungen und Tipps- bin begeistert. Wrde mich ebenso wie mein
Vorschreiber ber angaben zu eurer Werkbank freuen.

lG Gabi
Gabi Mi, 31. Jan. 2007 16:35:45
206, Eure Seite ist wircklich einsame Spitze niergenst sonst kann man so detailierte
Anleitungen und Tips finden wie bei euch ich hab fast eure ganze Webseite in Pdf
abgespeichert zum lernen.
Knntet ihr euch vieleicht dazu bereden lassen in eure Webseite detailierte Fotos von
der sterilen Werkbank von allesn Seiten einzustellen bzw vieleicht ein Tutorial wie ihr an
der Werkbank arbeitet hnlich der Anleitung ber Wasserdamf ? Das wre echt super.

Ansonsten wrde mir nichts einfallen wie man eure Seite noch toppen knnte.

mfg Mike (Poos de Caldas Brasil)
Mike http://www.brasilcontatos ... Mi, 17. Jan. 2007 12:45:46
205, Hello. Cood site.
Mafer Sa, 13. Jan. 2007 18:34:15
204, can some 1 send me a home-made media for the flasking cases i dont have any and i
dont kno were to get so plz send me a home-made media for flasking case thank you (in
english please) send to bugboy_dan@hotmail.com
Our guestbook
daniel Mi, 10. Jan. 2007 23:19:16
203, Bin beim stbern auf eurer Seite gelandet. Ist echt gut geworden und wahr sicherlich
auch eine Menge Arbeit. Schaut bei mir doch auch mal rein. www.schwimmteich.bauen.
de oder www.schwimmteich-anlegen.de. Fr eure Seite wnsche ich euch noch viel
Erfolg - nur weiter so. Ein schnes neues Jahr gruss Katja
katja http://www.schwimmteich-b ... So, 31. Dez. 2006 14:30:36
202, Hallo Lotte&Thomas
Ich mchte mich an dieser Stelle ganz herzlich bei
Euch beiden bedanken,fr die umfangreichen Informationen,die mir zugesand worden
sind.
Die Pflanzen sind gut angekommen. Die Verpackung
ist ein - Hit - da mu man zuerst mal drauf kommen.
Ich lasse mal wieder von mir hren.
Alles Gute
Ihr Hans Henk
Hans Henk Do, 14. Dez. 2006 05:46:32
201, Hallo,
tolle und informative Homepage ! Bin seit ber 20 Jahren Mitglied in der DOG und werde
Eure Anleitungen ber die sterile Aussat demnchst einmal ausprobieren. Meine eigenen
Versuche waren bisher nicht so erfolgreich, das Umlegen hat bei mir einfach nicht
geklappt...
Aber nun habe ich den Mut gefat es nocheinmal zu wagen. Vielen Dank, weiter so !
Nils Kay Mo, 27. Nov. 2006 09:56:57
bin erst seit einem Jahr Orchideen Fan geworden, habe einen Wintergarten, in dem sich
nach Kauf eines Buches die Pflanzen trotz groer Hitzte im Sommer wohl fhlen.
Nachdem sich eine Samenkapsel gebildet hat, begab ich mich auf die Suche in Bchern,
Internet, wie ich denn den Samen zum Sprieen bekommen knnte habe ich nach
stundenlangen suchen im Deutschen Netz vergeblich nach einer verstndlichen
Beschreibung gesucht und dachte mir als sterreicherin, knnte ich doch mal unter At
Our guestbook
mein Glck versuchen. Bin total begeistert von Eurer Hompage. Durch Eure einfache
Beschreibung macht es mir Mut meine Samenkapsel endlich doch zum sprieen zu
bekommen.
Vielen, vielen Dank fr Eure Mhe, die uns Laien dazu ermutigt diese Wunderschnen
Pflanzen noch mehr zu verbreiten.
Eva
Scheidl Eva Sa, 18. Nov. 2006 15:33:15
199, hallo ihr beiden!!!
danke nochmals fr den tollen kurs. hat uns wirklich sehr gut gefallen....die orchideen
haben die erste nacht gut berstanden*fg*...hoffentlich hren wir wieder einmal etwas
von euch!!
gglg Maria & Doro

p.s. ganz liebe gre an jessica*g*
Maria&Doro Fr, 20. Oct. 2006 10:46:14
198, I love your webpage, it has useful information and it is very helpful, keep up the great
work.
Tina Di, 17. Oct. 2006 06:23:07
197, Hello! Love your page. It`s cool and informative. Thanks.

www.flyer24.at
Adam Jakenfield http://www.flyer24.at Di, 10. Oct. 2006 15:29:49
196, Hi,
ich habe mich wahnsinnig darber gefreut eure Seite gefunden zu haben.Da ich seit
langem auf der Suche nach stichhaltigen Informationen zur Vermehreung meiner
Lieblingspflanzen bin. Nun werde ich mich noch etwas weiter einlesen, und dann
hoffentlich irgendwann selbst zchten knnen.

Our guestbook
Danke ihr seid Spitze.
Rouven Markovic Do, 5. Oct. 2006 11:28:42
195, Hallo!

Ihr habt echt eine tolle Hompage! Ich schaue immerwieder gerne rein um mir Tipps fr
meine Orchideen zu holen - und ich muss sagen ich finde immer das Richtige! Vielen
lieben Dank! :-)

Angelika
Angelika Mi, 27. Sep. 2006 12:11:44
194, Hallo!
Ich bin Neuling mit Orchideen. Hab eure Seite gefunden und mit Begeisterung gelesen.
Hut ab und danke fr diese Informationen.
Walter Nadrag Mi, 16. Aug. 2006 18:49:53
193, Very good your page. Very nice.
Vielen Danke.
Roberto Pozuelo http://www.bienda.com Fr, 4. Aug. 2006 22:56:52
192, I am Alex Fira from Romania, I have experience in the micropropagation of some
blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) cultivars, Begonia, Coleus, Saintpaulia, Nephrolepis,
Petunia, Poinsettia and Freesia and I have also cultured in vitro Sequoia and Haworthia. I
am looking for a job in tissue culture or in horticulture abroad. I am very fond of working
with plants.
Alexandru Fira Mi, 26. Juli 2006 18:31:03
191, Just a vey quick hello from Australia.
Our guestbook
Fredrik Gustafsson http://www.fredrikmedia.c ... So, 16. Juli 2006 11:11:08
190, Sehr hilfreich, Eure Seite! Wnsch mir so, das meine
Orchideen mal wieder blhen, vielleicht klappt es ja
mal wieder. :)

Viele Gre!
Britta http://www.sockenbaronin. ... Fr, 14. Juli 2006 17:24:56
189, Gerade hat der Postbote geklingelt, Herzrasen, denn es ist mir schon klar, warum er
klingelt... Ein Leichtgewichtpckchen aus NaS, das gerade mal dreieinhalb Tage
unterwegs war, und als ich es ffne, ist die Begeisterung gross. Es wird endlich Zeit,
Euch ein ffentliches Lob auszusprechen! Nicht nur, dass Ihr sagenhaft gut bis fnf
zhlen knnt (fnf ist deutlich mehr als vier!), schon die kongenial "einfache" Verpackung
ist Garantie genug, keine Angst vor der Verschickung zu haben (oh ja, die hatte ich vor
der ersten Sendung gewaltig!) Und dann die Pflanzen erst! Nicht, dass ich vergleichen
knnte (das kann ich vielleicht im Oktober, wenn ich die ersten Smlinge von Rllke
mitgebracht bekomme), aber Ihr setzt die Latte recht hoch! Die Bras.XSophr. aus der
letzten Sendung wachsen und teilen sich, als wr das so blich nach einer derart
drastischen "Umweltvernderung", die 'Sarcos' treiben bedchtig ihr jngstes Blatt ber
das Letzte hinaus und die heutige Sendung ist derart, dass die 'BrasXSophs' sofort auf
den Ast gebunden werden (ein Versuch, ich werde berichten)und die Bulbophyllum
werden mir erstmalig (freu!!) ein Platzproblem bereiten, selbst wenn ich die Bschel
beinander lasse! Himmel, die haben ja schon 2cm Blbchen!! Also, kurzgefasst: die
Freude ist gross und mein Dank gilt Euch beiden. Also Leute, lest das hier, gleucbt mir,
traut euch und hofft auf viele weitere Arten aus Neusiedl am See!
Tausend Dank vom glcklichen Insulaner
Arturo!!
Arturo Do, 22. Juni 2006 13:20:09
188, Vielen Dank fr die Information rund um den Bau einer sterile Werkbank.
Gru Frank
myco http://zuchtbedarf.de Mi, 31. Mai 2006 09:11:52
187, Hallo Ihr Lieben!
Our guestbook

Ich bin absolut beeindruckt von Eurer Website. Schn das Ihr alles haarklein beschreibt,
habe lange nach so einer informativen Seite gesucht und immer den Eindruck gehabt,
das es als groes Geheimnis gehtet wird wie man Orchideen zchtet. Schn das es
Menschen wie Euch gibt, die einem die Mglichkeit geben durch super Beschreibungen
es selber zu versuchen.

Lieben Dank also fr die Infos.

Ich werde mich mal melden wenn ich in einigen Monaten mit der Aussaat beginne.
vanni Di, 23. Mai 2006 21:54:30
186, Ich fand Ihre Homepage sehr sehr schn.
Vor einiger Zeit habe ich mir meine ersten Orchideen gekauft.Fr diese sammle ich
Regenwasser zum gieen. Ich hoffe, da das richtig ist, und da ich sie genug giee.
Bisher giee ich 1 mal die Woche, so lange bis Wasser aus dem Topf kommt. Das lasse
ich komplett ablaufen, und dann gehts zurck in den bertopf.
Ich bin gespannt, ob mir zuknftig auc die Vermehrung gelingt:)
Carolin Mi, 17. Mai 2006 00:49:40
Vielen Dank fr Eure phantastische Beschreibung fr die Aussaat. Von 8 Glsern ist
keines verpilzt und es grnt alles nach 3 Wochen.

Aber ich mchte auch mit dieser Info, allen die Angst vor dem Ausshen nehmen.

Ich habe die Aussaat mit einer grnen Kapsel versucht, nach dem desinfizieren mit
DanKlorix
habe ich die Kapsel in den Dampfstrom gelegt und sie mit dem Skalpell geffnet.
Da muss der Druck auf das Ende der Kapsel zu stark gewesen sein , es passierten
gleichzeitig drei Sachen : Nummer 1, die Kapsel sprang aus der Pinzette, 2 meine
Gesichtszge entgleisten, 3 die Kapsel landete geffnet im kochenden Wasser und
schaukelte wie ein Kanu im selben.
Nach 5-8 Schrecksekunden habe ich in den Topf gegriffen und die Kapsel wie auch meine
Finger unter flieendem Wasser abgekhlt.
Danach die Kapsel gewendet, und von der gegenberliegenden Seite mit dem Skalpell
geffnet und ausgest. Das Wunder, nach 3 Wochen unterscheiden sich die Protokorme
nicht von den anderen Aussaaten .
Die einzige Erklrung die mir einfllt, wir haben in Dsseldorf steriles Leitungswasser
Our guestbook
und die Samen halten sehr hohe Temperaturen aus.
Wie dem auch sei, wenn sich weiter alles so positiv entwickelt, bin ich trotz dieses
Missgeschickes, ein glcklicher Privatzchter.
Viele Gre
Werner Weil
weil,werner Mi, 10. Mai 2006 11:19:40
184, Hallo,

Nice homepage, My name is Kiki from Bandung, West - Java, Indonesia. I need this
information for orchids breeding in my country. I very interesting in Paphiopedilums and
bulbophyllum. Because a lot of species in my country.

Thanks a lot.
Kiki Hendarsyah So, 7. Mai 2006 06:46:03
183, Hello,

A nice website. I am from Solomon Islands and trying to grow local paphs from seeds. I
am getting useful hints from your website.

Cheers
piro http://www.villagenterpri ... Fr, 5. Mai 2006 07:24:25
182, Great website. Excellent
Englishman Fr, 21. Apr. 2006 20:01:55
181, Hallo,
ich habe eine frage.
Ist im Medium P6793 und P6668 Agar-Agar enthalten?

Ps:Macht weiter so
Joachim Mo, 17. Apr. 2006 10:56:08
Our guestbook
180, Regards!
Gunnar http://www.olzon.nu So, 2. Apr. 2006 11:30:49
179, What a wonderful site -- thank you so much for all the wonderful information. I was
directed to your site from the Pleurothallid Alliance page ... great resource!

Jason
Jason Di, 21. Mrz 2006 02:16:47
178, Hi Leute ich wollte sagen die Home Page is voll super
!!! Grosses Lob an die Macher! Frage: Kann mir wer sagen ob es in Linz oder in der
Umgebung sowas wie einen Klub gibt wo man Infermation austausschen kann bitte um
Antwort! Lg josef
Josef Schalek Fr, 3. Mrz 2006 16:36:50
177, toll, dass es diese hp im web gibt - eine der sehr wenigen freien und wirklich
informativen seiten! weiter so und hoffentlich trauen sich viele andere, ebenfalls so frei
ihr wissen zu verschenken und zu vermehren!
suerte y besos!
Arturo Mi, 1. Mrz 2006 18:05:03
176, Hallo.

Danke fr die Einladung, es war sehr informativ.
Wir kommen sicher wieder einmal bei Euch vorbei.
Macht nur so weiter.

Schne gre von Peter aus Wien und alles Gute.
Peter Hinteregger Mi, 22. Feb. 2006 09:00:00
Our guestbook
175, die HP ist spitze!
herta Di, 14. Feb. 2006 12:15:05
174, Hallo Orchideen Freunde.
Ich bin auch seit kurzem Orchideen-Fan geworden.
Leider habe ich nie gefunden wie man sie vermehren kann.
Aus zufall bin ich hier her gelandet.
Ich muss sagen echt klasse !
Vielen Dank fr die super Tipps!
Ich wollte jetzt Samen "herstellen".
Wie lange dauert es bei einer Phalaenopsis?
Knnt ihr mir per E-mail antworten?
Viele Gre,
Dominic
Dominic http://www.dominics-tiere ... So, 12. Feb. 2006 16:25:57
173, Hallo ,
Wahnsinns Seiten . Macht einfach so weiter .
Viele Gre aus Mitteldeutschland
GOITZSCHE KOI CENTER ... http://www.goitzsche-cent ... Do, 2. Feb. 2006 14:00:09
172, Hallo,

ich muss sagen die HP ist echt klasse und auch die Informationen ber die
Vermehrung, Aussaat usw. super !!
Groes Lob!!!!

Gru Matthias Lang
Matthias Lang Mi, 25. Jan. 2006 20:50:08
171, hallo leute,wer hat noch das problem: bei meinen phalenopsis(ca 10 haben
bltenrispen) trocknen die knospen ein und fallen ab.Wei wer warum?
liebe gre
Our guestbook
brigitte
brigitte harbich Sa, 21. Jan. 2006 18:22:56
170, Hallo Lotte & Thomas
habe Eure HP zufllig gefunden. Ich finde es klasse, da mal jemand ber die
Vermehrung von Orchideen seine Erfahrungen austauscht. Habe zwar schon viele
Jungpflanzen aber aus Samen ziehen habe ich mich noch nicht getraut. Werde es aber
jetzt mal versuchen.
Beste Gre,
Marcus
Marcus Sa, 21. Jan. 2006 07:53:15
169, Tolle Seite,

als Fan von vanda amesiana bin ich begeistert, weiter so!

Grsse aus Weinsberg!
R. Radau http://www.teichprofi.de Fr, 13. Jan. 2006 12:09:25
168, Klasse Seite hier. Viele Gre aus der Pfalz vom Team http://www.pfalz-koi.de
Mike http://www.pfalz-koi.de Fr, 13. Jan. 2006 08:51:39
haben Eure HP zufllig gefunden. Echt klasse!! Spielen auch schon lnger mit dem
Gedanken mal Orchideen auszusen, haben uns aber nie dazu durchringen knnen,
wegen zu kompliziert und klappt sowieso nicht. Aber nachdem wir jetzt Eure Seite
gelesen habe, denken wir etwas anders. Nicht einfach, aber auch nicht unmglich!!

Viele Gre aus dem tiefsten Ostfriesland

von Jutta und Heinz
Jutta und Heinz http://www.juttas-stauden ... Mo, 9. Jan. 2006 21:06:26
Our guestbook
166, Vielen Dank und einen guten Rutsch
Babsi http://www.herba-bestells ... Sa, 31. Dez. 2005 10:05:10
165, hi lotte and thomas,
wish you a merry Xmas and all the best for the year 2006. thanks again for this wonderful
website. the seeds of angraecum calceolus have finally ripe and i'll send them to you in 2
weeks.
Cdric Mo, 26. Dez. 2005 11:21:16
164, Thanks to Lotte & Thomas for wondeful seeds and their kindness.
ibrahim celik http://www.isisdermatoloj ... Di, 20. Dez. 2005 08:21:53
163, Thank you for that wonderful excellent information in your website. I want to
propagate seeds and your website has everything I need to know....
vi Sa, 17. Dez. 2005 09:36:51
162, very usefull website.
Thank you very much !
Le Minh Phuong Do, 15. Dez. 2005 09:33:11
161, Wirklich ein sehr informativer Internetauftritt. Ein Tipp fr Orchideen-Liebhaber.
Gre aus Mnchen.
Andreas http://www.eurogem.biz Di, 13. Dez. 2005 20:29:13
160, super seite, sehr viele infos.
Grsse
Our guestbook
Mario http://www.teichbau.at Fr, 9. Dez. 2005 09:08:25
159, Ich bin schwer beeindruckt! Eure Seite ist eine lbliche Ausnahme im www!

Gru aus Wien

Christian Knappik
Christian Knappik http://www.gratislink.at Mi, 30. Nov. 2005 00:17:24
158, Hi! seine wirklich informative Seite!
schne Gre
Marc Posch http://www.aktien-newslet ... Di, 8. Nov. 2005 17:22:15
157, Hallo,

ich habe eine Frage:
ich habe im letzten september also 2004 eine Orchidee geschenkt bekommen eine weie
keine Ahnung wie die heit zwei stengel. Toll geblht. jetzt steht sie seit einem jahr oben
auf dem schrank hat auch noch ein zweites mal geblht. tolles blattwerk! jetzt haben sich
mitten im stengel beider stengel neue bltter wurzeln und ein neuer stengel gebildet!
jetzt meine frage was soll ich tun? einfach abbrechen und einpflanzen? oder
rausschneiden und einpflanzen! bis jetzt haben alle gesagt wegschmeien und neu
kaufen! aber da die orchidee so kraftvolle tolle bltter und weie blten hatte mchte ich
das gar nicht! knnt ihr mir weiterhelfen. ich kann es auch mal fotografieren und ein foto
schicken.

ansonsten tolle homepage. bis dahin

Claudia
Claudia Thurmann Mi, 2. Nov. 2005 11:56:40
156, Hi.
Im looking for Masdevallia seeds.
Have you got any idea where I could find some?
/Simon Hultby - Sweden
Our guestbook
Simon Hultby Do, 27. Oct. 2005 15:58:21
155, Eine sehr informative Seite
Vielen Dank und liebe Gre
Herbalife http://www.herba-bestells ... Mi, 19. Oct. 2005 17:59:10
154, hello Lotte & Thomas orchids

pleased can see your homepage
very informative for cultivated the spesies who endangered in meratus mountain south
borneo

cheers
from south borneo
indonesia

sahrul
sahrul So, 9. Oct. 2005 12:52:46
153, Gut gemachte und informative private Homepage. Da kriegt man glatt lust mal wieder
was auszushen....

Gru Thomas

http://www.thomasbahr.de
Thomas http://www.thomasbahr.de Sa, 1. Oct. 2005 01:03:13
152, Eine richtig gut gelungene HP mit sehr schnen Bildern.
Wir bedanken uns fr die vielen Informationen.
Team http://www.teichfolie.ag grt.
Sandra http://www.teichfolie.ag Mi, 28. Sep. 2005 13:56:39
Our guestbook
151, hi,
i have succeeded in the node culture of phaius thanks to your website and advice. i have
a big problem with one of my dendrodium that drastically lost all its roots what should i
do?Have you receive the small doc. about mauritius native orchids in one of my email.
thank you again for all the advice on your website,
cdric
cedric Sa, 10. Sep. 2005 11:01:37
150, Hi,

I've just read the pages on bark germination and node
culture and will definately try to see if these
techniques can be used to propagate terrestrial
orchids. If someone has experience on the field of
symbiotic culture or node culture of terrestrial
orchids, I invite you to share them on the forum
(see link)

Cheers,
Fred
Fred http://terrorchid.proboar ... Di, 6. Sep. 2005 15:55:06
149, Congratulation! You have a very good site about node culture and seed germination.
Danke!
Newton.
Newton Hasselmann http://newon@uol.com.br Sa, 20. Aug. 2005 03:12:23
148, Thank you for developing an excellent website. Your site was recommended by Dr.
Joseph Arditti, who is a visiting lecturer. I am currently working on population genetics of
endemic orchids of Borneo using microsatellite sequences for phylogenetic analysis.
Kenneth Rodrigues http://www.ums.edu.my/ipb ... Fr, 12. Aug. 2005 14:05:42
147, Hallo Leute, schne Seite, gefllt mir gut. Komme bestimmt
fters mal vorbei, Gruss aus Der Pfalz
Our guestbook
Siggi
siggi http://www.teichfolie-deu ... Mo, 8. Aug. 2005 13:34:01
146, Hallo Lotte, hi Thomas! Bin eher zufllig auf Eure Seite gestossen und wollte sie
nicht wieder verlassen, ohne mich im Gstebuch verewigt zu haben :-) Liebe Gre
sendet Maria aus Wien
Maria Mo, 8. Aug. 2005 10:38:43
145, Hallo Ihr zwei
Bin durch Zufall auf eure HP gestoen, weil mein Frauenschuh eine Blte ansetzt.
Und da wollte ich mir Informtionen holen. Ich finde Eure Seite echt super und hab sie in
meine Favoriten gegeben.
Gerda So, 31. Juli 2005 18:01:35
144, hi lotte and thomas,
i have found the websites interesting, i am a passionates of orchids,i live in mauritius and
thanks to the information obtain from your websites i have been able to investigates in
orchids seeds sowing which i have found difficult before knowing your websites. but now
its like a game for me.i have just follow the steps given and your web pages and succeed.
thank you,
cdric
cdric Sa, 30. Juli 2005 19:26:17
143, Hallo!

Ihr habt eine echt tolle Seite, habe sie gleich in meine Favoriten-Liste eingefgt!! 8)
Eine Frage htte ich da noch: Die Aussaat von reifen Samen auf einer Rinde, geht das
denn auch? Auf den Bildern sehen die Samen wie noch nicht ausgereifte Samen aus und
die Samen die ich jetzt habe sind in eine Art Wattebausch gehllt, habe sie noch nicht
aus der Hlle entfernt. -Werden die dann auch so grn mit der Zeit und wachsen?

Liebe Gre,
Jasmin
Our guestbook
Jasmin Sa, 23. Juli 2005 18:38:55
142, Hy Ihr Zwei!

Das ist eine coole Homepage, fast so cool wie mein Balllllll!

LG
Lucky Luke
The Neighbours Do, 21. Juli 2005 05:52:31

Ich hab da mal die Frage, ob eine Nodienkultur auf Erde auch mit Phalaenopsis
funktioniert?
Und knnte man bei dieser Methode um mehrere Pflanzen zu erhalten auch das Auge zu
1/3 abschneiden? Oder ist dafr die Erde zu unsteril?

Super Seite die Ihr da habt.
Ganz spannend finde ich die Diskussion um den richtigen Pilz fr die richtige
Orchideenart.
Wrde am liebsten gleich loslegen und im Wald Rindenstcke sammeln gehen. Aber ich
habe leider keine Samen(kapseln) parat.
Ich wnsche Euch viel Glck mit den Pilzen und den Samen!
Nina Ahmed Saeed Di, 5. Juli 2005 07:57:53
140, Klasse Seite,
obwohl fr mich eher die bliche vegetative Vermehrung (Teilung) in Frage kommt.
Ich wrde mich freuen, wenn sie uns an Ihrem umfangreichen Wissen teilhaben lassen
knnten.
Dort knnten sie auch unter Linkliste einen link zu dieser Seite hier setzen...
viele Gre
Andreas
Andreas http://www.vivaristikforu ... So, 26. Juni 2005 00:08:46
139, thank you for good information. Your website very usefull for me.
Our guestbook

your friends from malaysia
mohd nasir
mohd nasir Do, 23. Juni 2005 20:13:09
138, Hola:

Sin duda es una pagina-web bastante informativa y impresionante. Felicidades!

Dennis
Hong Kong
Dennis Fr, 17. Juni 2005 20:30:36
137, Ich bin von Ihrer Webseite beeindruckt. Ein Muss fr meine "Favoriten"

Liebe Gre aus Wien

Mag. Sticht-Truchlik
Mag. Sticht-Truchlik ... http://www.beziehungsweis ... Fr, 17. Juni 2005 13:40:31
136, Hallo. Tolle Seite - klasse Orchideen. Viele Gre aus der Pfalz vom Team http://www.
pfalz-koi.de
Mike http://www.pfalz-koi.de Di, 14. Juni 2005 00:41:15
135, Hi,

I am a Past President of the Bermuda Orchid Society.

We have very strict rules about importing plants, so it is hard to
find an exporter willing to do business with the Society.

Now, seeing your laminar hood, hopefully some of us who are
very interested in propagating orchids will be able to do it
economically. I will be sure to pass your website address on to
other members.
Our guestbook

Thanks very much for this information.

Beth
Beth Gouvernon Mo, 2. Mai 2005 03:39:58
134, Hallo,

eine Frage ich bin dabei Medium zu bestellen, und jetzt wrde ich gerne wissen, wieviel
ich von was bestellen soll, und ob dieses Medium auch ein Ablauftatum hat, da ich bis
meine Samen reif sind noch mind ein halbes jahr warten muss
vielen Dank fr eure Hinweise und tipps

Christina
christina Mi, 27. Apr. 2005 02:56:44
133, Hi!
Ich habe schon zum 2. Mal versucht eine Phalaenopsis in Nodienkultur zu vermehren,
allerdings ohne Erfolg. Nach ein paar tagen wurden die Stcke gelb-braun und das wars
dann. Aus dem ruhenden Auge hat sich nichts entwickelt. Ich habe die Stcke (ca. 1 cm
ber und unterhalb des ruhenden Auges abgeschnitte in eine Tupperschachtel, die mit
Aussaaterde gefllt war, eingesetzt (soda die Enden mit Erde bedeckt waren). Die Erde
wurde vorher richtig eingegossen. Danach eine durchsichtige Folie draufgetan und mit
einem Gummiring verschlossen. Gelftet habe ich jeden Tag ca. 1 Stunde.
Nix is draus geworden. Was mache ich falsch?

Bitte um Hilfe,
Ronnie
Ronnie http://www.edu.uni-klu.ac ... Di, 26. Apr. 2005 22:50:45
132, Hallo Christina,
vielen dank fr deinen Tip. Diese Jungpflanze hat schon drei Bltter. Ich werde sie
umpflanzen und dann berichten, ob es geklappt hat.Einen schnen Tag noch und liebe
gre
lydia Mi, 20. Apr. 2005 19:32:39
Our guestbook
131, Hallo Lydia, das drfte eine Jungpflanze sein, in einem Buch habe ich gelesen, das
diese Pflanze mind. 3 Bltter haben sollte, dann kann die Jungpflanze mit einem Teil vom
Stengel der Mutterpflanze abgeschnitten und einpflanzen werden!

lg Christina
Christina Mi, 20. Apr. 2005 18:26:39
130, hallo zusammen!
hab seit etwa 3 monaten einen trieb mit blttern und wurzeln am oberen ende des
stengels, bei meiner orchidee. kann mir jemand sagen , was ich damit machen soll?
dranlassen oder abschneiden und eintopfen?hab seit ca. 10 jahren immer wieder ein paar
orchideen, aber sowas ist mir noch nicht untergekommen.falls jemand darber bescheid
wei, wrde ich mich ber ein e-mail sehr freuen. vielen dank
lydia Mi, 20. Apr. 2005 05:01:31
129, Hallo zusammen
Super hp!!! Sehr informativ,gut bebildert und einfach
erklrt. Dank eurer Hilfe hab ich als Anfnger es endlich geschafft,zwei neue Flnzchen
heranzuziehen.
Ein groooooosses Dankeschn und ein versptetes frohe Ostern.

Flo...
Flo Do, 31. Mrz 2005 04:38:34
128, Echt gute seite

Bin erst 15 und interressiere mich wahnsinnig fr orchideen

Die befruchtung der orchidee ist mir gelungen aber die aussaat spter, naja das wird
schwer

Ich wollte fragen ob Sie auch samen annehmen
Ich knnte die samen schicken, so das sie die samen zum keimen bringen und drfen
dafr 3/4 der Jungpflanzen behalten

Our guestbook
Schicken sie mir doch bitte eine e-mail
Das wre nett
Ivan Do, 17. Mrz 2005 03:55:20
127, HI,

sehr gute und hbsche Seite. Gratulation.

lg

Klaus
klaus Do, 17. Mrz 2005 03:30:24
126, hi zusammen ,

sehr informative seite. Einfach Klasse.
Gefllt mir sehr gut.
also weiter so leutz :-)

Schaut doch auch mal bei uns rein

www.meinschoenerteich.de,
www.siggi0001.de

wir freuen uns ber jeden besuch.
Nadine http://www.siggi0001.de Di, 15. Mrz 2005 17:59:29
125, Hallo aus Wien!
Ich war heute in der Orchideenausstellung in Wien Hirschstetten.
Diese vielfallt ist einfach umwerfend!!
Der finanzielle Verlust in meiner Geldtasche war ebenfalls nicht schlecht, ich habe jedoch
eine Menge mit nach Hause genommen.
4 groe Pflanzen waren der erste Streich:
1x Dendrobium kingianum, 1 Dendrobium gelbblhen,
1x Phalaneopsis in dunkel Lila und ein Frauenschuh (Paphiopedilum clownerii ?)
Danach kamen noch 6x4 Stck Babypflanzen in Nhrlsung kultiviert,welche ab April
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dann in Orchideensubstrat umgepflanzt werden.Kaum war ich zu Hause, ins Internet auf
Eure Seite die mir auf der Ausstellung empfohlen wurde.
EINFACH SUPER!!!!, wie bei Euch alles genau beschrieben wird. Jetzt wird das
weiterkultivieren der Pflanzen viel leichter werden fr mich,hoffentlich.
Bitte so weitermachen und viel Erfolg noch.Vielleicht seid Ihr auch einmal auf der
Ausstellung dann knnten wir dort plaudern ber Erfolge und Eure Website.
Vielen Dank nochmals Peter!
Peter G. Di, 8. Mrz 2005 04:25:25
124, Hallo ihr zwei,

ich finde euer Service einfach spitze,auch die prompte Antwort auf meine Frage nach den
Jungpflanzen.Bin auch erst Neuling bei Orchideen.
Liebe Gre
Brigitte Harbich http://harbich.brigitte@a ... Mo, 7. Mrz 2005 01:30:54
123, Vergangenes Jahr hatte ich in TH Einblick in die in-vitro-Vermehrung von Orchideen.
Fasziniert davon habe ich mir eine Flasche mit ca. 2 cm groen Pflnzchen gekauft und
wollte diese nun zu Hause zu "wahrer Gre" bringen. Leider hatte ich dabei nicht daran
gedacht, was so einem Reisekoffer alles wiederfahren kann.
Letztendlich hatte ich eine Mixtur der zarten Pflnzchen mit dem Nhrboden. Trotz meiner
damaligen "Bemhungen" noch was zu retten, ist es mir nicht gelungen, auch nur eines
dieser zarten Wesen am Leben zu erhalten.
Ich vermutete einen Pilzbefall und suchte Hilfe in einem Gartenbau-Center. Was man mir
da alles erzhlt hatte will ich hier lieber nicht wiedergeben. Inkompetenz wre da noch
schmeichelhaft.

Da meine Pflnzchen (m.E.) also nicht mehr zu retten waren, habe ich mich von ihnen
schweren Herzens getrennt.

Nun hat es mir aber keine Ruhe gelassen und wozu gibt es heute das Internet.

Suchen hier und suchen da; und wo bin ich gelandet?

Bei "Lotte & Thomas Orchideen".

Ja, ich glaube diese HP ist am informativsten und auch fr Laien (so wie ich es bin) am
verstndlichsten.
Man hat sich sehr sehr viel Mhe gegeben, soviel wie mglich Informationen rber zu
bringen und das ist auch gelungen.
Our guestbook

Deshalb hier und jetzt meinen ganz herzlichen Dank.

Vielleicht kann ich mich spter einmal, wenn ich was dazu gelernt habe, gelegentlich mit
einbringen.

Noch viel Erfolg bei Eurer Orchideenzucht.

Peter R.
Peter R. Mo, 7. Mrz 2005 00:53:39
122, Lotte & Thomas,

Thanks for setting up an informative website. I plan on starting some phaius nodes in soil.

Winston.
Stone Mountain
GA, USA.
Winston Chin Mi, 2. Mrz 2005 05:26:08
121, Der Zufall hat mich hier her gefhrt - und ich bin ihm dankbar dafr - Tolle Seite -
Viele Infos!

Gru aus Wien
Chris
Chris Do, 24. Feb. 2005 08:39:38
120, Hola
Soy de Colombia y cultivo Pleurothallids.La pagina es expectacular.
Estoy teniendo exito con la germinacion en corteza de roble de
epidendrum secundum.
Seria muy util informacion de como se deben cuidar los protocormos.
Mil garcias
RAMON DE BEDOUT Mo, 21. Feb. 2005 08:51:41
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119, Eure Seite ist einfach die beste zum lernen wie
Orchideen Vermehrt werden. Ich hoffe meine
Phalaenopsis Nodien werden mal zu richtig groen
Orchideen!!

MFG Tobi
Tobias Jost Fr, 11. Feb. 2005 23:43:17
118, I'm just starting in plant tissue culture and really appreciate all that you've done on
your website. Thanks, your information is very helpful. I also appreciate it that you went
to the effort in giving a choice of english text.

I live in a little town (Vernonia, Oregon population <2000)about 64 km from the Northern
Oregon, USA, coast. Even though I have used the internet for over 15 years I still can't get
over how helpful websites can be.

Again, thank you for your valuable information.
Barry M Wilson Di, 1. Feb. 2005 18:06:35
117, Beste Orchideenseite berhaupt!!!
Ich schreibe die nchsten zwei Semester eine Facharbeit ber Vermehrung von
Orchideen am Beispiel der Phalaenopsis, und diese Seite bringt mir garantiet 15 Punkte
ein!! =) dickes Lob!!
Und auerdem bin ich sowieso ein riesen Fan von Orchideen und der Schritt zur
Orchideenvermehrung ist praktisch noch das i-Tpfelchen.
Ich werde diese Seite auf jeden Fall weiterempfehlen!!

Cya =)
Rod Schwarz http://www.amron-online.d ... Fr, 28. Jan. 2005 07:32:23
116, MUCHAS GRACIAS!
THANKS A LOT, YOUR INFORMATION IS VERY HELPFUL, THANKS FOR YOUR EFFORTS
AND DEDICATION TO THE ORCHID GROWING
E. TELLEZ Fr, 28. Jan. 2005 06:19:33
Our guestbook
115, Hi Lotte & Thomes
I find your site is very useful for seed sowing and impress the simple yet practical
method. Will recommand
to my orchids friends. I belong to the Bankstown Orchids
Society in Australia.
Joseph Chow Di, 25. Jan. 2005 22:12:44
ihr habt definitiv die beste Seite zu diesem Thema. Haben viel gesucht und nichts
vergleichbares gefunden
Danke
Anna&Janina (Freiburg)
Anna&Janina Mo, 24. Jan. 2005 20:36:19
113,
Liebe Lotte und Thomas!

Vielen Dank fuer Eure schoene und informationsreiche Web-page.

Herzliche Gruesse aus Caracas, Venezuela,

Mieke Kessler
Mieke Kessler Mo, 24. Jan. 2005 14:15:51
112, Hola to todos los promotores de este Website, soy de venezuela, y he revisado esta
pagina muy bien, la encuentro entre las mejores paginas que he vivitado, me parece muy
bueno su contenido, del 1 al 10 le doy un 20. Sigan trabajando en esta pagina que han
ayudado a muchas personas, se les agradece mucho...

Jos David
Jos David Alvarado ... Mo, 17. Jan. 2005 14:26:22
111, Also ich bin normaler Weise nicht leicht zu begeistern, aber Eure Seite hat es
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geschafft!
Danke, fr die groartigen Infos und liebe Gre aus Wien!

Amandine
christian Do, 13. Jan. 2005 03:50:49
110, Hi, Lotte & Thomas,
very nice website, I am most interested in meristem cloning of orchids. Thanks for all the
info on the website.
Cheers,
Anton
Anton Sa, 8. Jan. 2005 12:44:37
109, Is anyone interested in the in vitro propagation of Begonia ? These plants are easy to
grow and they grow absolutely abundantly in vitro

Alex
Alexandru Fira Fr, 31. Dez. 2004 23:30:57

Habe wieder mal Ihre Seiten durchgestbert - man findet ja auch immer wieder was
Interesantes.

Macht weiter so!!

Ein schner Weihnachtsfest und alles Gute fr Jahr 2005
wnscht Ihnen
Wolfgang Amus
Wolfgang Amus http://www.wolfgangs-orch ... Sa, 18. Dez. 2004 05:57:46
107, Hi from Miami,

I've been exploring your website all morning, very informative!
Our guestbook
Thank you for your successful effort of explaining
orchid seed germination/propagation techniques in a simple yet thorough manner.

Richard
Richard Mo, 6. Dez. 2004 03:53:47
106, hi..

hey..man keep it up..i was always in search of various culture information for better
grwoing of my orchids...well u did a very excellent job...tanks a lot...for helping me..in
growing my orchids.

keep inform me about latest protocols or growing methods of orchids.

Thanking you,

Sushant (INDIA)
sushant chadha So, 5. Dez. 2004 18:40:24
105, Impresionante, I know words for express what I think about your work.

Please continue.

Best regards from Spain.
Victor Di, 30. Nov. 2004 01:32:09
104, Lotte & Thomas; Excellent web site. I really appreciate it, esp. the Laminar Flow
directions. Well done.
Don http://dscc@wowway.com So, 28. Nov. 2004 12:10:25
Habe mir Heute mal genauer deine Seiten angeschaut.
Das mit der Vermehrung ist ja super was ihr da fr die ffentlichkeit gemacht habt,
Und so toll auch noch erklrt , Respekt sage ich nur .
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Spiele auch mit dem Gedanken so etwas zu machen.
Gru Micha
Michel Mo, 8. Nov. 2004 20:32:32
102, I have been searching for help trying to germinate orchids seeds myself at home.
These pages should offer the perfect notes and tips to attempt flasking of my own
orchids seeds. THANK YOU
Tom P. Di, 12. Oct. 2004 11:47:33
101, Very informative & to tell the truth, I have been trying to look for D.I.Y seed
germination techniques.
ricky ramsis So, 3. Oct. 2004 05:25:39
100, Greetings from Republic of Maldives, Thanks for your nice lovely pages about
orchids,I love to make some gardens of orchilds in my country,Can you help me to setup
a garden in maldives for the children to see,A school of orchids,
sid Mi, 22. Sep. 2004 13:45:26
99, Hallo Lotte und Thomas

Wunderschne Seite habt ihr da! Ich bin auch ein Orchideen-Fan, seitdem ich
herausgefunden habe, dass ich meine Pflanzen seit 5 Jahren regelmssig immer wieder
zum Blhen bringe.
Ich werde mit Bestimmtheit wieder auf eure Seite kommen, denn ihr habt hier tolle Infos
fr Orchideen-Liebhaber.

Macht weiter so!

Liebe Grsse
Dsire
Dsire http://www.desi.ch Sa, 11. Sep. 2004 23:02:25
Our guestbook
98, Hy! This website is great. I found a lot of informations but i still have some questions
to be answered. Can I culture the phalaenopsis node in soil too or does this only work
with Phaius? Thanks for answers!

P.S.: Did I mentioned that this site is great? :)
Gaper So, 5. Sep. 2004 04:32:31
97,
I would like grow vanilla plant in Bangladesh.
Please tell me where can i get seed for plantation.
Syed Pervez So, 29. Aug. 2004 01:15:55
96, Please tell me some European suppliers of orchid germination media and other plant
tissue culture media. I would like to culture orchids and Begonias in vitro.

Alex
Alexandru Fira Mi, 25. Aug. 2004 02:54:02
95, I like this site very much and keep just coming back.
Now my own Australian Orchid site is up and running,
Try it.
Hobby Orchids North ... http://www.orchidsnq.biz So, 22. Aug. 2004 15:56:45
94, Hi;
Great site ! lots of good info and things we can make and do ourselves.
Thank you!
Dick McRill
Eugene , Oregon
Dick McRill http://www.cameraguy.com/ ... Di, 17. Aug. 2004 13:03:16
Our guestbook
93, Wow! What a nice and very informative webpage. I'm very happy to find your webpage
since it includes a very practical and easy to follow steps in orchid micropropagation.
Keep up the good work.
Norberto Bautista Sa, 31. Juli 2004 21:04:08
92, I am so happy I found your page! I am an orchid nut just learning how to flask orchids!
I found your website to be extreamly helpful! I thank you for sharing your knowlege!
Kelly Mulvoy So, 18. Juli 2004 04:29:33
91, Bin schwer beeindruckt! Informationen die man nicht alltglich erhlt - gratuliere!
christian http://www.topnews.at Sa, 17. Juli 2004 22:57:41
90, Super Page!! Viele gute Infos zum Thema Orchideen!!
Julien Buri http://www.4esprit.ch Di, 29. Juni 2004 06:50:37
89, Good morning!

I've only started looking at your site but already I've found lots of
useful information. Thank you so much!

Michael
Louisiana
Michael Courtney http://www.miqul.com Di, 22. Juni 2004 23:31:10
88, Hi Lotte & Thomas my name is Colin and i have a little shop in Denmark where I sell
orchids. my future plans is to produce my own orchids so that peoble can get them
cheaper, so your website is very inspiering. thank you very much and keep it up.
Colin Andersen Fr, 18. Juni 2004 02:12:35
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87, Hallo
Es ist beaubernd welch herrliche Blten eure Orchideen haben.
Die Farben sind wohltuend und erfreuen.
Viel Erfolg bei dieser schnen Arbeit.
Fr mich als Malerin sind diese Pflanzen eine Herausfolderung und meine nchsten
Bilder werden Orchideen sein. Ich hoffe ihr kommt dann zu meiner Vernissage

Herzlichst Eure Karin Sperlbauer
Karin Sperlbauer Do, 17. Juni 2004 15:49:55
86, I like orchids very much and I would like to propagate them in vitro.
Your steam method is a wonderful idea and I will certainly try it at home, but I would
prefer a LAF hood. It is much more comfortable.

Alex
Alex Fira Fr, 11. Juni 2004 02:20:14
85, This is a very informative site and easy to understand. You are a wealth of
information. Keep up the great work!!!!

Chris,
Toronto, Canada
Chris Liu Di, 8. Juni 2004 23:30:30
84, Great site! Thank you Lotte & Thomas for putting these valuable information together.
Following your instruction, I've my first flask growing already :)

Best!
SB Sa, 10. Apr. 2004 15:51:53
83, I was looking for this kind of information for some time. Great site. Keep up the good
work.

Mark
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Mark http://www.sionvalais.com ... Sa, 3. Apr. 2004 04:55:14
82, Grezi Lotte & Thomas

Wieder unter eine weisse SChneedecke verpackte, verbringe ich meinen heutigen Abend
damit, mich ber die Vermehrung meiner Orchideen zu informieren. Hab mich vor ca.
einem Jahr in diese wunderschnen Blumen verliebt,und kann gar nicht genug davon
bekommen. Meine Sammlung ist auch schon zu beachtlicher Grsse angewachsen....
bald mal fehlt mir der Platz, aber das krieg ich schon irgendwie hin.
Versuch mich momentan auch gerade an winzigen Paph. Setzlingen, aber ob die mich
"berleben" kann ich noch nicht sagen.:-)
Hab mich ber eure Web-site sehr gefreut und fand die Lektre usserst lehrreich. Bin
zuversichtlich, dass mir die Umsetzungen einzelner Sachen auch gelingen.An euren
Beschreibungen fehlts zumindest sicher nicht!
Eine wirklich hervorragende und lehrreiche page!!!

Grsse aus der kalten Schweiz Evelyne
evelyne Do, 25. Mrz 2004 05:39:16
81, Cool site.
I am currently using meristem culture to propagate Acacia species. Do you think this
would be a viable method for orchid culture?
Mungo Thompson Mo, 16. Feb. 2004 21:54:37
80, Versucht doch mal ohne Eure "Wasserdampftechnik" zu arbeiten. Es funktioniert
genau so gut und ist (wenn ich mir Eure Fotos betrachte) sicherlich einfacher.
Die Anzahl der Keime in der Luft wird doch stark berschtzt. Tatschlich dienen Laminar
Airflow Benches in erster Linie dem Schutz des Benutzers (vor infektisen oder sonst
gesundheitschdlichen Aerosolen oder Spritzern) als des Untersuchungsgutes. Bei nicht
infektisen oder gesundheitsschdlichen Materialen wie in der Pflanzen-in-vitro-Kultur
reicht eine desinfizierte Arbeitsflche oft aus. Natrlich sind kommerzielle Labore etwas
vorsichteger um ein Restrisiko der Kontamination wegen des mglichen finanziellen
Schadens zu reduzieren. Viele Labore verzichten inzwischen auch auf das Abflmmen der
benutzten Werkzeuge und Gefrnder. Was steril ist bleibt auch steril, solange man es
nicht runterfallen lsst...
Gre
Our guestbook
Jens
Jens Sa, 7. Feb. 2004 00:11:14
79, Habe am Desktop zu Jessicas Fotoalbum eine Verknpfung um immer zu sehen wie
sie weiter wchst
warte immer auf neue Bilder

Auch die Orchideen sind sehr schn es fehlt nur der Duft.
Alles Liebe und Gute fr Euch drei

Mutti-Oma Karin und Opa Harald
Karin Sperlbauer Fr, 6. Feb. 2004 07:13:28
78, Hi Ihr!

Herzlichen Glueckwunsch zum Nachwuchs - Die Kleine ist ja echt suess. Hoffe fuer Euch
dass sie so brav ist wie sie ausschaut.

Hab ja mit Blumen nicht wirklich was am Hut, aber alle anderen scheinen alle schwer
beeindruckt zu sein von Eurer Homepage.
Gut gemacht, weiter so!

Liebe Gruesse Thomas

Thomas Leopold Do, 29. Jan. 2004 08:27:11
77, Hallo und WOW!
Das ist mal eine echt tolle und informative Seite!!! Ganz herzlichen Dank dafuer! Habe sie
eben entdeckt weil sie in dem Orchideen-Forum der USA genannt wurde, sie ist hier
zumindest unter den Bulbophyllum Leuten recht bekannt. Na, jetzt kenn ich sie auch!
Toll, ganz toll, genau, was ich brauche!
Eva aus Los Angeles
Eva Schaefer - Munni ... Di, 20. Jan. 2004 04:10:24
76, Ich finde die Orchiden ur schn und die Seite ist sehr interesant. Alles Gute!
Our guestbook

Steffi
Stefanie Kober So, 18. Jan. 2004 23:33:38
75, Hallo,

ich habe heute wieder mal Eure Homepage besucht, sie ist und bleibt super.

Ich wnsche Euch noch alles Gute fr das Jahr 2004.

Wolfgang
Wolfgang Amus http://home.t-online.de/h ... Di, 6. Jan. 2004 04:23:21
74, You have built a wonderful site. It is enjoyable and informative.
rory Di, 30. Dez. 2003 06:19:01
73, Vielen Dank!
Ihr rettet mein Leben in Hinblick auf meine Prsentation (12.Klasse-Halbjahresprojekt
"Kommunikation in der Biologie")am Donnerstag!
bio-looser Mi, 17. Dez. 2003 01:35:53
72, Hi!
Trume schon seit einiger zeit davon selbst irgendwelche pflanzen zu zchten und hab
mich nun entschlossen es mit orchideen zu versuchen .
die seite ist echt super und ich war mir zu erst nicht mal sicher ob man berhaupt
irgendwo erfhrt wie man orchideen st usw.
wnscht mir viel glck mit meinem fr einen 15 jhrigen recht seltsames hobby!
mfg tim ps: thx fr die tolle homepage
Tim Mi, 26. Nov. 2003 05:48:02
71, Hello, I am from Sulawesi, Indonesia. I love your web site. It's very knowledge-
Our guestbook
enriching. Wonderful work!
Thank you.

For those who love to hunt orchids species, just contact me and I will see you in my
wonderful island of Sulawesi.
Yunus, S.S http://www.geocities.com/ ... Sa, 22. Nov. 2003 04:25:52
70, Very impressive website.
I'm a Carnivorous Plants grower and I found this site a mine of information for Tissue
Culture. I started TC experiments on Carnivorous Plants several months ago and I'm sure
my set up will improve thanks to this site.

Cheers,
Cristiano Perrucci, Italy
cristiano perrucci http://digilander.iol.it/ ... Do, 13. Nov. 2003 19:18:18
69, habe eure schnen bilder gesehen.das habt ihr super gemacht.liebe gre an euch
oldi mimi.
mimi Mi, 5. Nov. 2003 22:20:51
68, Hallo,Lotte und Thomas!
Eine super,gute Homepage habt Ihr.Gratulation!
Ich habe nur zwei Orchideen und wollte etwas von der Fortpflanzung erfahren.Ich habe
sie bei Euch gefunden.
Mir ist die Bestubung geglckt.Jetzt haben beide
Orchideen lange Samenkapseln.Sie sind drei Monate alt.
Sie brauchen eine lange Reifezeit.Ich kenne meine Orchideen leider nicht mit richtigem
Namen,so muss ich
bis zu acht Monate warten,bis die Samen reif sind.Ich
bin schon sehr gespannt,wie es weiter geht.Ich werde es Euch wissen lassen,ob es mir
gelungen ist Pflanzen
heran zu ziehen.Alles erdenklich Gute Euch,
liebe Gre Helga.
Helga http://www.sina-clan.de Do, 23. Oct. 2003 03:45:42
Our guestbook
67, What a great site. After reading all the great information I have decided to just enjoy
my orchid and leave it up to the professionals to reproduce them. Thanks for all you info.

Cheers!

Joan & Alfred
Joan & Alfred Guth Mo, 6. Oct. 2003 16:28:03
66, Hi Lotte & Thomas!

Bin erstaunt welch gute Seiten man immer wieder im Internet findet.
Habt die Vermehrung der Orchideen super beschrieben. Wunderbare Fotos!
Da hab ich wieder viel dazu gelernt.

Gratuliere

Gruss
Dominik
Dominik http://www.tropenland.at Sa, 4. Oct. 2003 06:02:09
65, Wir bedanken uns herzlich fr den aufschlussreichen Kurs an der HBLA Ursprung.

Eure Seite ist echt super, sehr anschaulich gestaltet.
mfg die EGBT2 Gruppe der HBLA Ursprung
HBLA Ursprung http://www.ursprung.at Mi, 1. Oct. 2003 01:34:13
64, liebe lotte, lieber thomas,
wirklich tolle homepage, tolle bilder! da kriegt man ja direkt lust selbst anzupflanzen!

lg peter
peter Sa, 27. Sep. 2003 03:20:33
63, I love your website, so far it is the only one I have found that gives clear simple
Our guestbook
instructions on asymbiotic orchid propogation.

Thank you!!

Vince
Vince Buffalo Fr, 19. Sep. 2003 01:27:23
62, Tolle Seite,
vielen Dank fr eure Mhe.

mfg

Karin und Markus
Markus und Karin Mo, 18. Aug. 2003 02:44:02
61, Animation & Fotografie & Webdesign

Bitte schaut mal nach anderen "grnen Themen".

Vielen Dank.
MfG
ah
Andreas Herrmann http://www.ah-variabel.de ... Mi, 6. Aug. 2003 19:59:20
60, Mir hat es sowas von gefallen!
Diese Bilder und erklrungen!
Aber leider funktionirte ein Link bei mir , der Bau der Blte , darum wei ich jetzt nicht wo
der Bltenstaub ist ?
Knnen Sie es mir schiecken oder erklren?
Bitte!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Veronika!

Veronika Mi, 30. Juli 2003 02:31:43
59, Hallo Ihr beiden!
Our guestbook
Eure Seite war mir echt eine groe Hilfe und hat mir sehr gut erklrt wie ich meine
geliebten Orchideen selbst vermehren kann. Bin Euch wirklich dankbar!!

Hab nur eine Frage, und zwar, wo kann ich Orchideensamen herbekommen? Wre echt
klasse wenn Ihr mir da einen Tipp geben knntet.

Ganz liebe Gre, Petra
Petra Mi, 30. Juli 2003 02:30:04
58, Mir hat es sowas von gefallen!
Diese Bilder und erklrungen!
Aber leider funktionirte ein Link bei mir , der Bau der Blte , darum wei ich jetzt nicht wo
der Bltenstaub ist ?
Knnen Sie es mir schiecken oder erklren?
Bitte!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Veronika!
Veronika Mi, 30. Juli 2003 01:59:49
57, Hallo ihr beiden!

Tolle Site, geballte Infos und super Fotos!
Ihr macht einem ja richtig Mut, auch selber mal die Vermehrung der Orchideen zu
versuchen :-)

Beste Gre, Kathrin
Kathrin http://www.hobbygarten.co ... Mo, 9. Juni 2003 10:49:36
56, Eure Webseiten sind ganz interessant und sehr wohl erfasst! Eure
Dampfsterilmethode ist wirksam und einfach, hat mir ermoeglicht,
sehr schnelle und gute Kulturen zu machen. Vielen Dank dafuer.
Silvio - Italien
Silvio a Beccara Mi, 28. Mai 2003 18:36:36
55, sehr interessante schne und informative seite!!!
Our guestbook
besuche ich sicher immer wieder gerne!
gru Tobias
Tobias So, 4. Mai 2003 01:14:38
54, Hallo, ist dieser Platz ein wundervolles website.
Ihre Forschung ist fr mich sehr interessiert.

Goemon(Caretaker of 'Website of Okinawan-orchis')
Japan.
Goemon http://okinawan-orchis.hp ... Do, 27. Mrz 2003 08:32:27
53, Hallo Lotte & Thomas,
ich mchte Euch hiermit herzlich fr die Tips & Tricks, Inhalte und Informationen danken.
Eure Seite ist einer der Besten Orchidden Seite, die ich im Internet gefunden habe. Weiter
so..:-)
Viele Gre
Haron
Haron Renner http://www.microsoft.com Do, 13. Mrz 2003 15:27:58
52, Hi,
ich wollte euch ganz herzlich danken!
Ohne euch htte ich wahrscheinlich nie den Mut gehabt auszushen! :)

Und soooo schwer wie alle sagen ist's ja gar nicht! ;)

Viele Gre
Andreas
Andreas W. Sa, 8. Mrz 2003 10:11:10
51, Hallo Lotte,hallo Thomas,
ich finde eure Seite toll!Sie ist sehr informativ,ohne dass man den berblick verliert.
Viele Gre,
Christoph
Our guestbook
Christoph Zehe Fr, 28. Feb. 2003 20:41:19
50, Your work is wonderfull, thank you very much.
Gerardo Castiglione
Mrida
Venezuela
Gerardo Castiglione http://www.frailejon.com/ ... Mi, 26. Feb. 2003 01:25:18
49, Hallo Thomas,
Super Seiten hast Du da BRAVO!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
liebe Gre Rudi
Rudi http://www.bulbophyllum.a ... Mi, 12. Feb. 2003 19:56:21
48, Hallo!
Ich zchte zwar keine Orchideen, finde die Seite aber super.
Darberhinaus wollte ich noch schnell zum bevorstehenden festlichen Ereignis
(Freitag,18.01.2003) herzliche Glckwnsche senden...
Christoph Schansky Mi, 15. Jan. 2003 18:23:50
47, Vor Jahren habe ich das Buch "Orchideenkultur fr Alle" von Herrn Lucke gelesen
und mich auch getraut selbst aus zu sen. Leider ist das Buch vergriffen. Ihr sollte Eure
Zusammenstellung stattdessen verffentlichen. Besser geht es nicht. Herzlichen
Glckwunsch. Ich werde Euch bei meinen Orchideenfreunden weiter empfehlen.
Michael Grell Fr, 6. Dez. 2002 15:39:19
46, hello friends excuse my mistakes graph because I am Brazilian and use a translator
that is not very good. I adored that site here in the brasil we have many more orquides
you have more study and information on them
congratulations learned a lot in this site
Gil
Our guestbook
gil rios palheiros f ... Di, 26. Nov. 2002 06:36:09
45, Hallo,
tolle Homepage habt ihr da.
Mchte vieleicht auch bald mal sen.
Marc http://www.orchideen.dona ... Sa, 23. Nov. 2002 16:04:53
44, Hallo Zusammen

Jetzt nachdem ich alles gelesen habe, werde ich mich auch getrauen Orchideen zu
vermehren!Eure Seite ist informativ, strukturiert kurz gesagt: besser machen wird echt
schwierig! Ich konnte extrem viel profitieren. Vielen Dank.
Matthias Mo, 28. Oct. 2002 11:52:26
43, Great site! please visit mine, i've just built a phalaenopsis-homepage!
nina http://geocities.com/phal ... Fr, 25. Oct. 2002 14:42:29
42, Thanks! Love your site - best photos of seeds I've seen yet! Just tried my first
seedpod - with pressure cooker and home-made glove box... am afraid I got bleach
solution on the seeds though - the interior was way too wet... I'll see in a few weeks if they
germinate. Couldn't see embryo with microscope in fresh seeds - is that ok?
Stephanie Do, 17. Oct. 2002 21:49:43
41, One of the best I have seen you should be congratulated on a very educational site.
Frederick Hogg http://www.users.bigpond. ... Mi, 16. Oct. 2002 00:16:34
40, Congratulations !!! Your site is very good ! I have one question: What your hydrogen
peroxyde concentration at the phal node sterilization (tissue culture) ?
Best growing,
Our guestbook

Raul
Raul Sudre (RJ Orchi ... Mo, 14. Oct. 2002 16:03:48
39, Hi, love your site. THANKS !!! it was lots of help. I just did the seeds on bark. Will see
what happens.

Bob
Bob Whynott Do, 5. Sep. 2002 23:33:24
38, (spanish)
Esta pgina est muy buena, es simple y puntual, sera bueno que estuviera disponible
en otros idiomas, como por ejemplo el espaol.

Desde Chaco Argentina, Obelar Rolando.

---------------
(english)
This page is very good, it is simple and punctual, I/he/she/it/you would be good that I/he/
she/it/you am available in other languages, like for example the Spaniard.

From Chaco Argentina, Obelar Rolando.
Obelar Rolando http://www.obrero.turinco ... Sa, 31. Aug. 2002 14:51:05
37, Die beste und lehrreichste Orchideenseite die ich kenne.
Herzlichen Glckwunsch !
Jrgen Mo, 26. Aug. 2002 13:15:08
36, Your site is absolutely wonderful. I did not know exactly how orchids were
propagated. You make it simpler than it appears. I hope you keep up the good work. Good
luck.
Angelo So, 25. Aug. 2002 08:39:51
Our guestbook
35, estupendo su site.
Es de gran nivel.Les escribo desde Argentina
marcelo mulet Di, 13. Aug. 2002 23:08:51
34, Hallo!
Nach langem wieder einmal bei Euch.
Man kann die HP nur empfehlen!
Liebe Gre
elisabeth
elisabeth http://members.e-media.at ... So, 9. Juni 2002 19:46:10
33, Hi,

great site do you have
i'm an 13 year old boy and i live in holland
and i love orchideen but i do not hav enough money to buy grown plants so do you know
any place in holland were I can get young plants or seeds?
please mail to Abel_Minnee@hotmail.com
thank you very much!!
Javier http://Abel_minnee@hotmai ... Mo, 27. Mai 2002 19:25:28
32, Hallo!
Echt tolle Seite habt ihr zwei da.
Hab nach eurer anleitung mal ne Nodienkultur versucht mal sehen ob es was wird. Wenn
das Klappt dann werde ich mir vieleicht mal ne Phalaenopsis bestuben und aussen.

MFG
Marc
PS: ber einen Eintrag in mein Gstebuch wrde ich mich freuen.
Marc http://www.marc.jkb-webse ... Mo, 27. Mai 2002 18:18:12
31, Very instructive, lots of informations...congradulation..
Our guestbook
Jean-Pierre Faust Fr, 26. Apr. 2002 06:25:28
30, Hallo Lotte, Hallo Thomas!

Bin immer wieder aufs neue von eurer page begeistert! Macht nur weiter so, der Bericht
von St. Lucia ist super!!!!

Liebe Gre
Iris
Iris Do, 25. Apr. 2002 20:53:48
29, Congradualtions on your wonderful, well done website. Your presentation is clear, to
the point, easy to understand and informative. I do have trouble downloading the .pdf
files, probably on my end here in Mexico. Keep up the great work and thanks for sharing.
Weyman
Weyman Bussey http://www.abundaflora.co ... Di, 23. Apr. 2002 18:14:53
28, Hallo!

Angeregt durch Eure HP habe ich Mitte Januar 2002 den Versuch mit einer Nodienkultur
von Phaius tankervilliae var. alba auf Moos unternommen und war begeistert. Nach ca.
2,5 Monaten waren 2 der Jungpflanzen schon 3-4 cm gro und hatten 2 Wurzeln von ca. 2
cm Lnge. Diese 2 habe ich vergangene Woche eingetopft. Da ich seit gestern auch noch
eine Phaius tankervilliae mit 2 Bltentrieben habe, wird diese nach dem Verblhen auch
so vermehrt werden...

Vielen Dank und viele Gre,
Kerstin
Kerstin Mi, 10. Apr. 2002 08:33:29
27, Hi! Really nice page, excellent photos and clear instructions. Congratulations!
Pityu Sa, 6. Apr. 2002 04:57:51
Our guestbook
26, Hi,

ich wollte mich nochmal fr die Orchideensamen bedanken! Bis jetzt wollen sie nur noch
nicht keimen, aber das wird hoffentlich noch;-).
Gru Steffen
PS: Sehr schne Page!
Steffen Haller http://www.spinnentier.de ... Fr, 1. Mrz 2002 19:15:45
25, Hi,

I'm from the Philippines and I'm new in planting orchids, around two months. Your site is
very interesting and very informative, I hope that you will produce more of this materials.

God Bless!!!

Regards,
Mike
michael mirasol http://www.geocities.com/ ... Fr, 1. Mrz 2002 03:41:07
24, hallo,
ich bin berrascht: tolle Seiten. Das htte ich nicht gedacht, da ich so viele klar
verstndliche Infos finden kann. Auch gut in der Verstndlichkeit.
Pia
Pia Mo, 11. Feb. 2002 08:08:18
23, hi lotte hi thomas
habe die neu gestaltete seite besucht und sage

die ist wirklich gelungen und sieht gut aus
viel spa und weiterhin gutes gelingen
und danke fr die hilf- und lehrreichen tips
servus
peter
peter raduziner Mi, 9. Jan. 2002 12:46:46
Our guestbook
22, Hallo Lotte&Thomas,
Bin leider erst jetzt auf Eure Hp aufmerksam geworden.
Gefllt mir sehr gut, steckt sehr viel Arbeit drin. Alle Hochachtung!!!
Bin selber Orchideenfreund mit ca. 1000Pflanzen und mache seit 3Jahren Aussaat in
einer selbst gebauten Sterilluft Werkbank,baue jetzt einen Trox-Filter ein.http.//www.
troxtechnik.de
Werde mich fr Samentausch bei Euch melden.
Gru Werner Balmes
Werner Balmes Do, 27. Dez. 2001 17:00:02
21, Thank You I very much enjoyed your site I have bookmarked it and I'm sure I will be
back often. Keep up the great work please
John So, 16. Dez. 2001 02:26:04
20, Thomas we wanted to let you know how great the pictures are to encourage you to
keep sharing this wonderful site!! You know that the pictures this wonderful are hard to
find anywhere and even more unusual is all your experiments on bark. R&R
Rose and Ron Fr, 5. Oct. 2001 23:39:32
19, I have briefly looked through you site and have been very impressed with what I have
seen. I will add it to my favorites list and will refer back to it very often I am sure.

Thanks for making this information available to all!

Thanks
David
David Fortune Mo, 3. Sep. 2001 05:53:44
18, Hallo Lotte & Thomas. Ich bin auf der Suche nach einem Bericht ber "Deflasking" in
deutsch auf eure Seite aufmerksam gemacht worden. Ich wollte mir mal eine Flasche
kaufen und beim rauspikieren mglichst keinen Fehler machen. Wer kann helfen? An
Aussaat habe ich mich bisher noch nicht rangewagt, aber eure Seiten machen Mut. Ich
Our guestbook
finde eure Seiten einfach toll. Orchideenseiten gibt es viele, aber mit eurer kann man
auch als Amateur echt was anfangen. Es grsst vielmals Werner aus Leipzig
Werner Knappik So, 12. Aug. 2001 10:36:12
17, Ich bin sehr begeistert von dieser Homepage!
Endlich habe ich gefunden, wie man auch Orchideen ohne groen Aufwand selbst
anziehen kan.
Ich habe selbst eine Homepage und habe auch ein kleinen
Beitrag zur Vermehrung, ich werde ein Link auf diese Homepage setzen.
viele gre Wolfgang
Wolfgang Amus http://home.t-online.de/h ... Mi, 1. Aug. 2001 20:59:49
16, hallo ihr beiden
echt toll die berarbeitete seite
hab euch ja schon einige male besucht aber noch nie
in euer gstebuch einen eintrag gemacht
aber jetzt
aus dem NP hohe tauern hab ich samen von heimischen
orchideen mitgebracht
wenn zeit und wetter schlechter (und lust) gehen wir an die aussaat
servus
peter
peter u erni raduzin ... So, 29. Juli 2001 10:50:15
15, Very good links to some interesting sites. A lot of good information to be found here.
Don Turpin So, 15. Juli 2001 15:01:45
14, habe heute abend ber die orchid list von eurer homepage erfahren. bin beeindruckt.
sehr gut. bin selbst orchideenfreund, habe zwei glashuser und das wohnhaus voll mit
hybriden (wg. luftfeuchtigkeit und temperatur) und tillandsien. habe schon oft vorgehabt
von teilen meiner orchideen pflanzen zu ziehen (ep.radicans macht viele kindln, phaius
soll mit bltenstielstcken gehen usw... habe aber bis jetzt noch nicht den mut gehabt.
bin fr tips sehr dankbar. nochmals glckwunsch zur homepage mfg roman stanzl
Our guestbook
roman stanzl http://members.aon.at/rst ... So, 1. Juli 2001 20:30:46
13, Superb!!! Thank you very much.
Katia. from Argentina.
Katia http://www.orquideas.itgo ... Sa, 30. Juni 2001 00:27:24
12, Hi Lotte & Thomas,

mit eurer Homepage habe ich heute meinen Abend toll verbracht. Ich werde aber gleich
noch mein Glck mit meiner Dendrobium-Zucht versuchen. Eure Seite macht wirklich
Mut. Vielen Dank
Wolf Mi, 27. Juni 2001 22:42:42
11, Ich bin wirklich beeindruckt von dieser tollen homepage! Die viele Mhe hat sich
wirklich gelohnt. Besonders faszinieren mich die Bilder (vor allem die Startseite).Obwohl
ich selbst Orchideensmlinge zuhause habe, sehe ich sie mir trotzdem immer wieder
gerne an. Ich finde es toll, dass ihr euer Wissen auch anderen zugnglich macht, das ist
fr viele bestimmt eine groe Hilfe.

Sabine http://members.surfeu.at/ ... Mi, 27. Juni 2001 21:26:33
10, superschne und lehreiche hp, macht weiter so !
ein orchideenforum wre toll ?

liebe grsse peter u. christine
Peter Schmid http://www.rottweilerfan. ... Mo, 25. Juni 2001 23:52:57
9, Hallo!
Danke erst mal fr deinen Eintrag in meinem Gstebuch, Thomas. Ich war schon des
fteren auf eurer Seite und habe immer wieder was Neues dazugelernt.
Liebe Grsse aus Tirol
Our guestbook
Patrizia http://members.e-media.at ... Mi, 20. Juni 2001 12:19:52
8, HAllo ich bins mal wieder!

Meine Orchideenblten verwelcken!Hoffentlich wirds auch was!

Amelie
Amelie Mo, 4. Juni 2001 10:39:51
7, HAllo!
Eure Seite ist eecht gut und ich hab' auch schon versucht meine Orchideen zu bestuben
(was heit versucht ich habs natrlich gemacht)und nun hoffe ich natrlich dass es was
wird!
Amelie
Amelie Fr, 1. Juni 2001 16:00:47
6, Hallo Lotte & Thomas !!

Selten so gut und leicht verstndliche Seiten gefunden.
Es animiert direckt zum selbst Experimentieren.
viel Erfolg wnscht

Karl
Karl Mo, 14. Mai 2001 15:05:20
5, Hi!
Danke fr den Reisebericht !!! Eure SEite macht sich wirklich!
Viel Spa weiterhin wnscht Euch
Elisabeth
elisabeth Di, 10. Apr. 2001 21:35:50
4, Hallo!
ich war auch wieder einmal hier, weiter so!
Our guestbook
Liebe Gre
Elisabeth
elisabeth http://albums.photopoint. ... Mi, 27. Dez. 2000 12:27:05
3, Hallo!

Damit es hier nicht so leer ausschaut, hab ich mir gedacht ich hiterlasse hier meine
Gre! Echt interessante Seite!

Bis dann, Robert
Robert Di, 12. Sept 2000 08:30:22
2, Hallo Lotte und Thomas !

Danke noch fur Euren Gastebucheintrag bei mir. Ich hab naturlich Eure HP auch gleich
einmal besucht. Tolle HP ... etwas vielseitiger als meine. Aber schlussendlich habe ich
mich nur noch auf Fotos beschrankt. Tolle HP ... macht weiter so !!

Gruss Wolfgang
Wolfgang http://www.wowi.at Do, 08. Jun. 2000 20:02:50
1, Damit das Eintragen nicht so schwer fallt, machen wir den ersten Schritt.

Lotte & Thomas
Lotte & Thomas Mo, 05. Jun. 2000 08:01:40
- OLZON.NU VLKOMMEN -

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Die neusten Meldungen im berblick
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Mittwoch, 10. Juni 2009
Schloss Benrath aus Dsseldorf
Weiter geht es mit sehenswerten Aufnahmen aus der Stadt Dsseldorf. Mit dem zweiten Wurf haben
wir Fotos vom Schloss Benrath verffentlicht.
[mehr]
Kaiserpfalz in Kaiserswerth (Dsseldorf)
Wie versprochen haben wir weitere Aufnahmen von sehenswerten aus der Stadt Dsseldorf
verffentlicht.
[mehr]
Weitere Aufnahmen vom Evangelischen Bethesda
Krankenhaus
Vom Evangelischen Bethesda Krankenhaus haben wir zehn neue Aufnahmen gemacht und
verffentlicht.
[mehr]
Freitag, 08. Mai 2009
Fotos von der Pusteblume
Wir haben das schne Wetter mal wieder genutzt und weitere Aufnahmen vom vielfltigen Frhling
gemacht.
[mehr]
Dienstag, 05. Mai 2009
Fotos von der Zeche Ewald, Frhlingslandschaften
und Tierfotos
Nach dem wir leider lnger keine neuen News verfasst haben, kommt jetzt ein greres Update auf die
Seitel.
[mehr]
Montag, 23. Mrz 2009
Neue Tier- und Landschaftsaufnahmen
Wir haben am Wochenende wieder ein mal das gute Wetter genutzt und Aufnahmen von Tieren und
Landschaften im Wald gemacht.
[mehr]

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Rezepte online

Rezepte online
Coole Rezepte online von mir fr Euch
Cremiger Mandarinenkuchen
admin am 23. Februar 2009
Zutaten: Fr den Boden: 100 g Butter, 100 g Zucker, 1 Pck. Vanillezucker, 2 Eier, 200 g Mehl, 2 TL
Backpulver
Fr den Belag: 1 Dose Mandarinen (425 ml), 400 ml Sahne, 2 Pck. Paradiescreme (Orangen-,
Mandarinen- oder Ananasgeschmack), 2 Pck. Sahnesteif
Zubereitung: Eine Obstkuchenform fetten. Backofen auf 200 Grad vorheizen. Fr den Teig Butter,
Zucker, Vanillezucker schaumig rhren. Eier einzeln einrhren. Mehl mit dem Backpulver mischen, auf
die Buttermasse sieben und unterrhren, bis der Teig glatt ist. Teig in die Form streichen und auf der
mittleren Einschubleiste des Ofens ca. 20 Minuten backen. Anschlieend den Boden herausnehmen und
erkalten lassen. Die Mandarinen mit ihrem Saft, der Sahne, der Paradiescreme und dem Sahnesteif in
einer verschliebaren Dose so lange schtteln, bis die Masse fest ist. Oder Mandarinen abtropfen lassen.
Dann Saft mit Sahne, Paradiescreme und Sahnesteif in eine Schssel geben. Mit dem Schneebesen
verrhren und die Mandarinen unterziehen. Den Kuchenboden aus der Form lsen und die Creme darauf
verteilen. Im Khlschrank ca. 30 Minuten durchkhlen lassen. Evtl. mit Mandarinen verzieren.
Abgelegt unter Kuchen | Keine Kommentare
Sauerbraten
Zutaten: 350 ml Rotweinessig, 1 Zwiebel, 3 Nelken, 6 Wacholderbeeren, 1/2 TL schwarze
Pfefferkrner, 2 Lorbeerbltter, 1 kg Rinderschmorbraten, Salz, Pfeffer, 2 EL Butterschmalz, 150 ml
Fleischfond, 200 ml Schlagsahne, 4 EL Soenbinder hell, Zucker oder Rbensaft zum Abschmecken
Zubereitung: Essig mit 350 ml Wasser aufkochen. Zwiebel schlen, in Ringe schneiden. Mit ganzen
Gewrzen zum Essig geben, 1 Minute mitkochen, dann abkhlen lassen. Fleisch waschen, trockentupfen
und in eine Schssel legen. Mit der kalten Marinade bergieen, so dass das Fleisch ganz bedeckt ist.
http://rezepteallerart.de/ (1 de 7)20/8/2009 13:37:53
Rezepte online
Zugedeckt im Khlschrank 3 bis 4 Tage marinieren lassen, dabei tglich wenden. Fleisch abtropfen
lassen, trockentupfen, mit Salz und Pfeffer einreiben. Im heien Butterschmalz anbraten. Marinade
durch ein Sieb gieen, Zwiebel und Gewrze zum Fleisch geben und mit anbraten. 75 ml Marinade und
75 ml Wasser zufgen, zugedeckt 75 bis 90 Minuten schmoren. Dabei mehrmals wenden, eventuell
etwas Wasser angieen. Fleisch herausnehmen, warm stellen, Schmorfond durch ein Sieb gieen, mit
Fleischfond und Sahne aufkochen und etwas einkcheln lassen. Soenbinder einrhren, 1 Minute
kochen lassen. Mit Salz und Zucker oder Sirup abschmecken. Fleisch in Scheiben schneiden, mit Soe
servieren.
Abgelegt unter Allgemeines, Hauptgerichte | Keine Kommentare
Pfannkuchen mit Apfelkompott
Cathi am 23. Februar 2009
Zutaten: 200 ml Milch, 5 gehufte EL Mehl, 3 Eier, 1 Prise Salz, 2 TL Zucker, 4 pfel, Saft einer
halben Zitrone, 250 ml Apfelsaft, 2 gehufte EL brauner Zucker, 4 EL Butter, 2 EL Puderzucker
Zubereitung: Fr den Teig Milch in eine Schssel geben. Nach und nach Mehl krftig unterrhren.
Eier, Salz sowie Zucker dazugeben und glatt rhren. Teig im Khlschrank 30 Minuten ruhen lassen. Fr
das Kompott die pfel schlen, in Viertel schneiden, das Kerngehuse herausschneiden und das
Fruchtfleisch in Scheiben schneiden. Die Apfelscheiben mit Zitronensaft betrufeln, mit Apfelsaft und
braunem Zucker in einen kleinen Topf geben. Ca. 10 Minuten bei mittlerer Hitze andnsten. Dann
erkalten lassen. Die Butter portionsweise in einer Pfanne erhitzen. Darin aus dem Teig nacheinander 8
dnne Pfannkuchen auf beiden Seiten jeweils goldgelb backen. Fertige Pfannkuchen jeweils zu
Dreiecken zusammenklappen und im backofen warm halten. Je 2 Pfannkuchen auf Tellern anrichten, mit
Puderzucker bestuben. Apfelkompott dazu anrichten.
Abgelegt unter Dessert/Nachspeisen, Kindergerichte, Pfannkuchen | Keine Kommentare
Erbsensuppe mit Shrimps
Zutaten: 150 g Shrimps in Lake, 2 - 3 EL Doppelkorn, 250 ml Gemsebrhe, 300 g grne Erbsen (TK),
200 g Crme fraiche, Salz, Pfeffer, 1 Prise Zucker
Zubereitung: Die Shrimps abtropfen lassen, mit dem Doppelkorn marinieren. Gemsebrhe in einem
Topf kurz aufkochen lassen. Erbsen dazugeben und ca. 5 Minuten bei mittlerer Hitze sanft kcheln
lassen. Einige Erbsen herausnehmen, die brigen in der Brhe mit einem Prierstab oder dem Mixer fein
prieren. Dann Crme fraiche einrhren, nochmals erhitzen. Mit Salz, Pfeffer und Zucker abschmecken.
Rezepte online
Die Shrimps im Schnaps leicht erwrmen. Die Shrimps und die zur Seite gelegten Erbsen auf den
Suppentellern anrichten.
Abgelegt unter Suppen | Keine Kommentare
Siegerlnder Eierkuchen
Zutaten: 6 Eier, 75 ml Milch, 4 gehufte EL Mehl,, Salz, Pfeffer, 2 Zwiebeln, 150 g gerucherter,
durchwachsener Speck, 100 g grner Speck, 4 EL Butterschmalz
Zubereitung: Die Eier trennen und die Eigelbe mit Milch und Mehl zu einem glatten Teig verrhren.
Eiwei zu steifem Schnee schlagen und unterziehen. Mit Salz und Pfeffer leicht wrzen. Ca. 30 Minuten
quellen lassen. Die Zwiebeln abziehen, halbieren und quer in dnne Streifen schneiden. Den
durchwachsenen Speck in kleine Wrfel schneiden. Den grnen Speck in ca. 1 cm groe und ca. 3 mm
dicke Quadrate schneiden. Eine Pfanne erhitzen. Beide Sorten Speck darin ohne Fettzugabe anbraten,
bis die Wrfel kross sind. Die Zwiebelstreifen dazugeben und kurz mitbraten, bis sie glasig sind. Alles
aus der Pfanne nehmen, auf einem Sieb abtropfen lassen. Ofen auf 100 Grad vorheizen. 1 EL
Butterschmalz in der Pfanne erhitzen. 1/4 des Teiges hineingeben, von unten etwas anbacken lassen, mit
1/4 der Speck-Zwiebel-Masse bestreuen, die Pfanne mit einem Deckel verschlieen und den Eierkuchen
bei kleiner Temperatur weitere 5 Minuten garen. Auf ein mit Backpapier belegtes Backblech legen und
im Ofen warm halten. Aus dem brigen Teig, der brigen Speckmischung in jeweils 1 EL Butterschmalz
drei weitere Eierkuchen backen und jeweils im Backofen warm stellen. Kurz vor dem Servieren den
Ofen fr ca. 2 Minuten auf 250 Grad Umluftgrill schalten. Pfannkuchen nach Belieben mit Petersilie
garniert servieren.
Abgelegt unter Pfannkuchen | Keine Kommentare
Schupfnudeln mit Mohnbutter und Aprikosenkompott
Zutaten: 600 g Aprikosen (kann auch Dosenobst sein), 100 ml Weiwein, 1 Zimtstange, 2 Pck.
Vanillezucker, 600 g Kartoffeln, 150 g Mehl, 1 Ei, 2 Pck. Karamellvanillezucker, 80 g Butter, 50 g
gemahlener Mohn, ca. 10 Tropfen Vanillearoma
Zubereitung: Aprikosen waschen halbieren, Stein entfernen. Die Aprikosen mit Weiwein, Zimtstange
und Vanillezucker aufkochen und 10 Minuten garen. Mit etwas Wasser angieen. Kartoffeln waschen,
als Pellkartoffeln garen, pellen und durch eine Kartoffelpresse drcken. Etwas abkhlen lassen und mit
Rezepte online
Mehl, Ei und Karamellvanillezucker zu einem Teig verarbeiten. Teig zu fingerdicken Rollen formen, in
ca. 6 cm Stk. schneiden und die Enden spitzer formen. Nudeln in kochendem Salzwasser ca. 10 Minuten
garen. Butter in der Pfanne zerlasse, Mohn und Schupfnudeln zugeben und erhitzen. Mit Vanillearoma
abschmecken und mit dem Aprikosenkompott servieren.
Abgelegt unter Hauptgerichte | Keine Kommentare
Gemsepfanne mit Rindfleisch
Zutaten: 400 g mageres Rindfleisch, 4 EL Sojasauce, 1 TL Strke, 12 TL l, Salz, Pfeffer, 800 g
Gemse (Lauch, Pilze, Mhren, Paprika, Erbsen etc.), 200 g Sojasprossen, 120 g Langkornreis, 1 - 2
Chilis, Ingwer, Koriander
Zubereitung: Fleisch in Scheiben schneiden. Sojasauce mit 4 TL l und Strke verrhren, mit Zucker,
Salz und Pfeffer wrzen und das Fleisch darin ca. 30 Minuten marinieren. Reis garen. Sojasprossen
abtropfen lassen. Gemse in kleine Stcke oder Streifen schneiden. Fleisch aus der Marinade nehmen
und in einer Pfanne anbraten. Herausnehmen und warm stellen. Mariande in der Pfanne zum Kochen
bringen, Gemse dazugeben und ca. 6 Minuten garen. Fleisch zugeben und nochmals einige Minuten
erhitzen. Mit den Gewrzen pikant abschmecken.
Gemsesuppe mit Hhnchen
Zutaten: je ca. 100 g Sellerie, Mhren, Zwiebeln, Porree, Petersilienwurzeln, 600 ml krftige
Hhnerbrhe, 200 g Hhnchenbrust, 250 g grner Spargel, 500 ml Milch, Salz, Pfeffer
Zubereitung: Gemse klein schneiden und in der Brhe aufkochen lassen. Bei kleiner Hitze ca. 15
Minuten weich garen. Hhnchenbrust in Wrfel schneiden. Spargel schrg in Stcke schneiden. Milch in
die Brhe geben, aufkochen und mit dem Prierstab prieren. Mit Salz und Pfeffer abschmecken.
Fleisch und Spargel dazugeben und bei kleiner Hitze in ca. 10 Minuten gar ziehen lassen.
Abgelegt unter Suppen | Keine Kommentare
Pfifferlingpfannkuchen
Rezepte online
Zutaten: 250 g Mehl, 2 Eier, 500 ml Milch, 1/4 TL Salz, 2 EL Butter, 1/2 Bund Petersilie, 1 Bund
Schnittlauch, 1 TL geh. Thymianblttchen, 500 g Pfifferlinge, 2 Zwiebeln, 1 EL Butter, 250 ml Sahne,
Salz, Pfeffer, ger. Muskat
Zubereitung: Fr den Teig Mehl mit Eiern und Milch sowie Salz glatt verrhren und ca. 30 Minuten
quellen lassen. Inzwischen Petersilie sowie Schnittlauch abbrausen und trockenschtteln. Schnittlauch in
feine Rllchen schneiden, die Blttchen von der Petersilie abzupfen und fein hacken. Beides mit
Thymian mischen und 1 EL davon zum Garnieren zur Seite stellen. Die Pfifferlinge putzen, eventuell
feucht abreiben und klein schneiden. Zwiebeln abziehen, fein wrfeln und in 1 EL Butter glasig
andnsten. Pfifferlinge zufgen und ca. 5 Minuten mitdnsten. Sahne angieen, alles ca. 5 Minuten bei
mittlerer Hitze einkcheln lassen, bis die Soe dickcremig wird. Inzwischen 2 EL Butter portionsweise
in einer Pfanne erhitzen, darin aus dem Teig 4 Pfannkuchen goldgelb backen. Die fertigen Pfannkuchen
jweils warm stellen. Pfifferlinge mit Salz, Pfeffer und 1 Prise Muskat abschmecken, die Kruter
untermischen. Die Pfannkuchen mit den Rahmpfifferlingen auf Tellern anrichten. Mit den brigen
gehackten Krutern garniert servieren.
Abgelegt unter Pfannkuchen | Keine Kommentare
Schweinefilet mit Curry
Zutaten: 400 g Schweinefilet, 2 Aprikosen (Dose), 4 EL Aprikosensaft, 4 Frhlingszwiebeln, 6-8 TL
Sojasauce, 360 g Langkornreis, 20 EL Hhnerbrhe, 4 EL Erbsen (TK), Basilikum, 4 TL Sesaml, Salz,
Pfeffer, Curry, 2 EL Soenbinder, 8 TL Strke
Zubereitung: Schweinefilet und Aprikosen in Streifen, Frhlingszwiebeln in Ringe schneiden. Reis mit
den Erbsen garen. Fleisch in heiem l anbraten, herausnehmen, pfeffern und salzen. Currypulver und
Zwiebelringe im Bratenfond andnsten. Hhnerbrhe, Aprikosensaft und Sojasauce zugeben. Alles mit
dem Reis auf dem Teller anrichten und mit Basilikum garnieren.
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Copyright 2009 Rezepte online
Cremiger Mandarinenkuchen | Rezepte online

Rezepte online
Coole Rezepte online von mir fr Euch
Cremiger Mandarinenkuchen
Zutaten: Fr den Boden: 100 g Butter, 100 g Zucker, 1 Pck. Vanillezucker, 2 Eier, 200 g Mehl, 2 TL
Backpulver
Fr den Belag: 1 Dose Mandarinen (425 ml), 400 ml Sahne, 2 Pck. Paradiescreme (Orangen-,
Mandarinen- oder Ananasgeschmack), 2 Pck. Sahnesteif
Zubereitung: Eine Obstkuchenform fetten. Backofen auf 200 Grad vorheizen. Fr den Teig Butter,
Zucker, Vanillezucker schaumig rhren. Eier einzeln einrhren. Mehl mit dem Backpulver mischen, auf
die Buttermasse sieben und unterrhren, bis der Teig glatt ist. Teig in die Form streichen und auf der
mittleren Einschubleiste des Ofens ca. 20 Minuten backen. Anschlieend den Boden herausnehmen und
erkalten lassen. Die Mandarinen mit ihrem Saft, der Sahne, der Paradiescreme und dem Sahnesteif in
einer verschliebaren Dose so lange schtteln, bis die Masse fest ist. Oder Mandarinen abtropfen lassen.
Dann Saft mit Sahne, Paradiescreme und Sahnesteif in eine Schssel geben. Mit dem Schneebesen
verrhren und die Mandarinen unterziehen. Den Kuchenboden aus der Form lsen und die Creme darauf
verteilen. Im Khlschrank ca. 30 Minuten durchkhlen lassen. Evtl. mit Mandarinen verzieren.
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Copyright 2009 Rezepte online
Hello and welcome on our websit e !
Her e we descr ibe dif f er ent
t echniques, which we have t r ied and
modif ied, t o pr opagat e or chids.
Besides seed sowing t her e ar e f or
example t echniques t o r ise plant s
f r om "sleeping" buds (nodes).
You can meet us on 21. - 23. Aug.
2009 at t he Gar t enlust in Halbt ur n.
This t ime we will also have plant s at
f lower ing size available (special
of f er ).

last updat e: 20. J uly 2009 (seedlings f or sale) Deut sche Ver sion
http://www.orchideenvermehrung.at/english/start.htm20/8/2009 13:38:41
Our in vit r o cult ur es and plant s
Click on t he t humbnail t o view it in f ull size.
Dor it is pulcher ima
nodecult ur e
Phalaenopsis t et r aspis
nodecult ur e
Encyclia vespa
pr ot ocor ms
seedlings
Pineapple
t issue cult ur e
Ser issa (Bonsai)
callus
on bar k
Phaius t anker villeae
seedpod
dif f er ent or chid-
seeds
http://www.orchideenvermehrung.at/english/pics/index.htm (1 de 3)20/8/2009 13:38:59
Cynor chis seeds
8 day in vit r o
Paph. f air r ieanum x insigne
seeds
Paph.
haynaldianum
seeds
Bulbophyllum
seedpod
Bulbophyllum
seedpod
Masd. glandulosa
pollinia
Oncidium pollinia

Cat t leya Hybr id Har aella r et r ocalla Cochl. amaz. discolor
Phal. equest r is Phal. equest r is Dor it is pulcher ima
Masd. glandulosa Masd. glandulosa

loading pict ur e. one moment
please :-)

http://www.orchideenvermehrung.at/english/pics/show.htm20/8/2009 13:39:03
Books
Tit le: Asymbiot ic Technique of Or chid Seed Ger minat ion
Aut hor : Aar on J . Hicks
I SBN: 0-9673049-0-3
Her e you can f ind all inf or mat ions about asymbiot ic seed ger minat ion. You can
or der it at t he Or chid seedbank pr oj ect .
Tit le: Plant s f r om Test Tubes : An I nt r oduct ion t o Micr opr opagat ion
Aut hor : Lydiane Kyt e, J ohn G. Kleyn
Publisher : Timber Pr ess
I SBN: 0-88192-361-3
A book about in vit r o cult ur e of plant s including some descr ipt ions f or or chid
cult ur e.
http://www.orchideenvermehrung.at/english/books.htm20/8/2009 13:39:21
Downloads and hint s
Her e you can f ind some helpf ul pr ot ocols, manuals, r ecipes, emails and a lot mor e.
link descr ipt ion
f ilt er discs f or gas exchange
A manual how t o use f ilt er discs
f or gas exchange.
Aust r ian nat ive or chids
some of our nat ive or chids
Tr avel r epor t St . Lucia
pict ur es, nice places t o visit , ...
Tr avel r epor t Tr inidad & Tobago
modif ied humidif ier f or war dian
cases
a const r uct ion manual
Cat t leya leaf cult ur e.t xt
in vit r o cult ur e of leaf par t s
seed sowing manual.pdf (46 KB)
a complet e seed sowing manual
homemade media.pdf
(41 KB)
how t o mix your own media
micr owave st er ilizat ion.pdf
(370 KB)
st er ilizing media wit h micr owaves
paphiopedilum seeds1.t xt
Paphiopedilum seed sowing
st em pr opagat ion1.t xt
st em pr opagat ion2.t xt
Phalaenopsis node cult ur e
phenolic exudat ions1.t xt
phenolic exudat ions2.t xt
some causes why br ownings happen
hydr ogen per oxide1.t xt
hydr ogen per oxide2.t xt
st er ilizing wit h hydr ogen per oxide
http://www.orchideenvermehrung.at/english/downloads/index.htm (1 de 2)20/8/2009 13:39:32
laminar f low hood const r uct ion 1.
pdf (166 KB)
a const r uct ion manual
P6668.pdf (32 KB)
P1056.pdf (34 KB)
P6793.pdf (31 KB)
some media r ecipes
http://www.orchideenvermehrung.at/english/downloads/index.htm (2 de 2)20/8/2009 13:39:32
Vent ing f lasks
Since we began pr opagat ing or chids in vit r o, we not iced t hat some gener as (e.g.
Bulbophyllum) suddenly die af t er a couple of mont hs in t heir f lasks. The r eason f or
t his sudden deat h was t he absence of gas exchange. Seedling pr oduce e.g. et hylene
while t hey ar e gr owing which somet imes will kill t hem if we do not r emove it . To
solve t his pr oblem we have t o give our f lasks t he chance t o exchange air . I n t he
past we dr illed a hole in t he lid of t he f lasks and put a cot t on plug in it t o keep
cont aminat ions (f ungi, bact er ia, ...) out . The disadvant ages wit h using cot t on wool is
possible cont aminat ion r isk.
dying seedlings (wit hout vent ing)
On t he int er net we f ound a supplier (Tissue Quick Plant Labor at or ies TQPL) which
sells adhesive f ilt er discs f or vent ing f lasks. TQPL of f er s t wo dif f er ent t ypes of
f ilt er discs: Adhesive Micr of ilt r at ion Discs (AMDs) and Flasking Pat ches (FPs).
http://www.orchideenvermehrung.at/english/downloads/venting/index.htm (1 de 5)20/8/2009 13:39:41
AMDs and FPs consist s of a f ilt er discs wit h an adhesive r ing and can be applied
easily.
How do f ilt er discs wor k ?
The basic f unct ion of f ilt er discs is t he same as in HEPA (High Ef f iciency
Par t iculat es Air ) f ilt er s. The f ilt er discs has a high number of ver y small holes
which ar e big enough t o let t he air pass t hr ough but t hey ar e small enough t o hold
cont aminat ions (f ungi, bact er ia, ...) of f .
What ar e t he dif f er ences bet ween AMDs and FPs ?
The dif f er ences ar e f ound in t he way t hey ar e pr oduced. FPs ar e pr oduced by
st r eching a st andar d PTFE (polyt et r af luor oet hylene) membr anes t o r each t he
desir ed t hickness and t his allows t he f or mat ion of a r ange of hole sizes (all of
which ar e small enough t o st op cont aminat ion) accor ding t o t he degr ee of st r et ch.
AMDs ar e made of micr opor ous PTFE which does not r ely on t his st r et ching
pr ocess but st ar t s wit h gr anules of PTFE all of t he same size and is const r uct ed
f r om t hese r esult ing in even sized holes being f or med. For mor e det ailed
inf or mat ions please visit t he websit e of Tissue Quick Plant Labor at or ies TQPL.
How t o use f ilt er discs
Dr ill a hole of about 1 mm in t he lid of your f lask and debur it car ef ully.
Peel of f t he AMD or FP f r om t he backing sheet (similar t o self seal labels) and
apply over t he hole.
Dispense t he media int o your cult ur e vessels and scr ew t he lids loosely on t he
f lasks. Don t scr ew down t he lid t oo st r ongly because t he pr easur e incr eases in t he
f lasks while you ar e st er ilizing it and t hat can blow of f t he f ilt er disc. Af t er
scr ewing down t he lid loosely, cover t he f lask wit h aluminium f oil and st er ilize it f or
30 minut es and 150 C in your oven. Let t he f lasks cool down in t he closed baking
oven.
Af t er cooling down t he f lasks scr ew down t he lids (don t r emove t he aluminium
f oil) and st or e t hem in your gr owing r ack t ill you need t hem. The pict ur e below
shows a Cynor chis gr owing in a vent ed f lask.

back
Lotte & Thomas Orchideenseite (Reisebericht St. Lucia)
Aust r ian nat ive or chids

I n t he f ollowing r epor t we want t o show you our nat ive or chids which ar e gr owing
her e in Aust r ia. They ar e all t er r est r ial or chids because in wint er it s t o cold and
so t hey have t o st op t heir acit ivit ies (t ime of r est ).
Neot t ia nidus-avis
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blooming in summer seed capsules in f all/ wint er
Beside loving t r opical or chids we enj oy it t o spend a lot of t ime out door in t he
nat ur e wher e we t ook a lot of pict ur es which we want t o publish her e.

ladyslipper or chid (Cypr ipedium calceolus)
I f you want t o f ind or chids in Aust r ia you don t have t o spent a lot of t ime but you
have t o look ver y car ef ul because most of our or chids have small f lower s which ar e
dif f icult t o f ind.

Or chis milit ar is
Most of our or chids can be f ound close t o r iver s or in mar shy count r ies. Some of
t hem love dir ect sun, ot her s pr ever shady condit ions in t he f or est s.

mar shy count r y
Beside or chids you can f ind ver y nice places in Aust r ia t oo.
wat er f all spider sit t ing on List er a ovat a
All of our or chids ar e pr ot ect ed plant s, so please t ake phot ogr aphs but don t
r emove plant s or par t s of it .
Pict ur es of our nat ive or chids

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Lotte & Thomas Orchids (Travel report St. Lucia)
Tr avel r epor t St . Lucia

St . Lucia det ail map
St . Lucia is locat ed about 30 km nor t h of St . Vincent and t he same dist ance sout h of
Mar t inique. The island is 45 km long and 25 km wide wit h a lot of "small" mount ains
(volcanic or igin) and gr eat f or est s. The highest mount ain (Mount Gimie) is 958 m
high and has a beaut if ul r ainf or est wher e you can f ind or chids and somet imes t he
ver y r ar e St . Lucia par ot appear s. At t his island you can visit a lot of beaut if ul
places e.g.: t wo beaut if ul bot anical gar dens, sulphur spr ings (dr ive in volcano),
r ainf or est s, old sugar -f act or y ...
bot anical sight s:
r ainf or est hiking t our
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Lotte & Thomas Orchids (Travel report St. Lucia)
Mamiku Gar den
Diamond bot anical Gar den

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Lotte & Thomas orchids (travel report Trinidad & Tobago)
Tr avel r epor t Tr inidad & Tobago
The island of Tr inidad is locat ed of f t he east coast of Venezuela, t he t wo count r ies
being separ at ed by a channel which is not mor e t han 12 km wide. Tr inidad and
Tobago have a sout h amer ican f lor a & f auna, as opposed t o t he ot her islands of t he
Car ibbean.
Our t r ip t o Tr inidad st ar t ed at Mac Millen s gr eenhouse. He gr ows many nat ive
or chids and his collect ion get s bigger and bigger .
Mac Millen s gr eenhouse
Mac Millen guided us t hr ough t he r ainf or est and showed us many nat ive or chids in
t heir nat ur al habit at .
in t he r ainf or est of Tr inidad

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Lotte & Thomas orchids (travel report Trinidad & Tobago)
The last (but not least ) st op of our t our acr oss Tr inidad was Ar t hur s or chid
nur ser y. He mainly pr oduced Phalaenopsis and Dendr obium cut f lower s f or local
hot els.
Ar t hur s or chid nur ser y

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Lotte & Thomas Orchids (modified Humidifier)
modif ied humidif ier f or war dian cases
I f you ever have t r ied t o implement a good and not t oo expensive syst em f or
wat er ing or chids gr owing in living-r ooms you pr obably know about t he pr oblems. A
ver y good solut ions is a f ogging syst em f or war dian cases. One of our f r iends t old
us how t o modif y a humidif ier t o guide t he mist int o t he war dian case. To r educe
t he necessar y car e of t he plant s in t he case we use a pr ogr ammable t imer which
t ur ns on t he humidif ier 3 t imes a day f or 15 minut es.

What do you need ?
q humidif ier (e.g. Bur g BH-840E)
q pr ogr ammable t imer
q f oam r ubber block (packing mat er ial)
q shar p knif e
q f lexible or st if f t ube
q adhesive t ape
What s impor t ant when you buy t he humidif ier ?
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q it must be a ult r asonic humidif ier
q it should have a decalcif ying f ilt er
q t he f og nozzle must be r emoveable
Tot al cost : 100 - 150 Eur o

Somet imes you can f ind ver y cheap used humidif er s at f lea mar ket s.
Modif ying t he humidif ier :
Bef or e you st ar t modif ying your humidif ier you should check which opt ion t o guide
t he mist int o your war dian case will be bet t er :
q wit h one st if f t ube or
q wit h sever al (t hinner ) f lexible t ubes
The t wo pict ur es below show how t o modif y t he humidif ier - one f ixed t ube or
sever al f lexible t ubes f ixed int o a f oam r ubber block.

When you have f inished modif ying t he f og out let s f r om t he humidif ier you can
st ar t t o inst all t he pr ogr ammable t imer . We use a BH-840E humidif ier (0,3 lit r es/
hour ) f or our war dian case (45x45x100cm) and it r uns 3 t imes a day (each t ime f or
15 minut es).

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http://www.orchideenvermehrung.at/downloads/cattleya%20leaf%20culture.txt
From: Damon and JaNaye Bryson <djbryson1@m...>
Date: Tue Jan 9, 2001 8:39pm
Subject: Re: your response on Catlya culture
We use a liquid media called C2. Ingredients as follows:
Sucrose 20g/l
Citric acid 0.150 g/l
A. MgSO4 - 7H2O 0.4g/l
MnS04-H2O 0.0075g/l
B. KCl 0.5 g/l
KH2PO4 0.25 g/l
D. FeSO4 0.01067 g/l
EDTA 0.0224 g/l
E. IBA 0.00175 g/l
F. NAA 0.00175 g/l
G. Ca(NO3)-H2O 1.0 g/l
H. (NH4)2SO4 0.4 g/l
I. Thiamine 0.0001 g/l
Nicotinic Acid 0.0005 g/l
Pyridoxine 0.0005 g/l
Glycine 0.002 g/l
J. H3B03 0.0015 g/l
ZnSO4-7H2O 0.0015 g/l
CuS04-5H2O 0.00005 g/l
The letters above correspond to ingredients in a single stock solution.
To make stock solutions, multiply the grams above by 100 and add 500ml
distilled water. Freeze half of solution and use and refrigerate other
half. Always check stock solutions for contamination before using, if
contaminated, defrost and use frozen portion. When making medium, use
5 ml of each stock solution per liter. If solid medium is required,
use 8 g/l agar.
After making medium, aprox. 5 ml is placed in large test tubes and
autoclaved for 30 min. and 200 psi.
Cultures are initiated on an inclined, rotating wheel at 5 rpm; 28
degrees C, and 12 hours photo period under cool white flourescents.
We use this medium for initiation of all our clones including cats,
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dendrobiums, cymbidiums, bulbophylums, brassias, vandas, etc.
Hope this helps.
JaNaye
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In vitro germination of orchids : a manual
Sheena McKendrick, Ph.D.
Copyright 2000, Ceiba Foundation for Tropical Conservation
This manual outlines the basic biology of orchid seed germination, some
techniques used to germinate orchids in vitro germination and an appendix of media
and species already tested as part of the El Pahuma in vitro germination program. It
has been specifically designed for the El Pahuma orchid program, but can be
adapted to suit other programs.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Many thanks go to Nelson Zabala and the Universidad de San Fransisco de Quito
for so generously letting Ceiba use their facilities to carry out their in vitro
germination program. Thanks also go to Margaret Ramsay of the Royal Botanic
Gardens, Kew, England, for her useful set of notes on orchid propagation, and to
Robert Mitchell and Grace Prendergast, also of Kew, for teaching me these
techniques. I would also like to thank Dick Warren of the Equatorial Plant
Company, David Menzies of the Glasgow Botanic Gardens and Monica de Navarro
of the Quito Orchid Society for all their help and advice. Thanks also to Lorena
Gamboa of Rainforest Rescue, who translated this manual into Spanish. Last, but
not least, thanks go to the Lima family, whose will to conserve their forest has led to
this project being possible in the first place.
INDEX
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Aims of the El Pahuma in vitro orchid germination program
1.2 The biology of orchid seed germination
1.3 Basics of in vitro germination
1.3.1 Symbiotic and asymbiotic seed germination
1.3.2 Basics of maintaining sterile conditions
2 PREPARATION OF THE MEDIA
2.1 Introduction to media preparation
2.2 General method for preparation of media
3 SOWING THE SEED
3.1 Seed collection and storage
3.2 Seed sowing
3.2.1 Green capsules vs. mature seed
3.2.2 Sowing from green capsules
3.2.3 Sowing from mature seed
3.2.3.1 Syringe technique
3.2.3.2 Packet technique
3.3 Capping the jar
3.4 Record-keeping
4 CARE OF SEEDLINGS
4.1 Seedlings in flasks
4.2 Planting out
5 CONCLUSION
6 REFERENCES
7 APPENDICES
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Aims of the El Pahuma in vitro orchid germination program
In vitro germination of orchid seeds is an important part of the conservation program
of the Ceiba Foundation for Tropical Conservation at the El Pahuma reserve,
Pichincha Province, Ecuador. The aims of the in vitro propagation program are
four-fold:
1. To raise orchids in order to stock the Orchid Gallery Trail.
2. To propagate rare species of orchid in order to increase their numbers both in
the wild and in places other than El Pahuma (e.g. botanical gardens, other
conservation programs), and to provide seedlings for restoration programs in
regenerating forests.
3. To provide seedlings for sale at the reserve in order to deter wild collection,
stimulate public interest and provide an income for the reserve.
4. To raise seedlings of unusual or ornamental species for export in jars in order to
support the conservation work being carried out at El Pahuma.
All profits derived from the sale of orchids both at El Pahuma and through
exportation will go to the management of the El Pahuma Orchid Reserve and other
orchid conservation projects.
1.2 The biology of orchid seed germination
Orchid seeds are often referred to as "dust seeds", as they are tiny and contain few
food reserves. In nature they may germinate but will not grow unless infected by a
mycorrhizal fungus, which supplies the young plants with all the sugars and
nutrients they need until the plants are large enough to produce food on their own.
Once the seed has germinated it produces a fairly undifferentiated mass of cells
called a protocorm (see Fig. 1). All being well this protocorm will continue to grow
for many weeks, months or even years depending on species, until large enough to
produce leaves and roots. In terrestrial orchids it is vitally important that the
orchid/fungus relationship is maintained during the early stages of the plants life, as
the protocorm is subterranean and cannot produce any food of its own. In epiphytic
orchids the protocorms are often green, and thus can produce some food of their
own. The orchid/fungus relationship has not been investigated in most tropical
orchids.
1.3 Basics of in vitro germination
1.3.1 Symbiotic and asymbiotic seed germination
In in vitro germination the seeds are germinated in glass or plastic jars or dishes on
an agar-based medium which contains all the sugars and minerals the seeds need
to germinate and grow. There are two basic types of in vitro germination: symbiotic
and asymbiotic.
In symbiotic seed germination the seeds are sown with a small piece of an
appropriate mycorrhizal fungus. This fungus then grows over the media, colonizes
the germinating seeds and a symbiotic relationship is formed which presumably will
sustain the protocorm until it produces leaves and becomes autotrophic. This
technique is widely used for the propagation of temperate terrestrial orchids. It has
the advantage that the media used is very simple (one of the most popular
consisting of only powdered oats with a little yeast extract), and the resultant
mycorrhizal plants are often stronger and more resistant to fungal infection than
some of their asymbiotically propagated counterparts. It has the disadvantage that
you need the correct strain of mycorrhizal fungus, or the symbiosis will not develop
or might become parasitic and the seedlings die. Very little research has been
carried out on the mycorrhizal fungi of tropical orchids, and so the appropriate
mycorrhizal fungi are not at this time readily available.
Asymbiotic germination is commonly used in the propagation of tropical orchids,
which tend to be easier to grow than their temperate relatives. The media used for
asymbiotic germination is more complex than that for symbiotic germination, as all
organic and inorganic nutrients and sugars must be in a form readily available to the
orchid without the fungus intermediary. Asymbiotic germination is the method
employed in the El Pahuma in vitro orchid propagation program at this time. Should
fungi become available from in situ sowings at a later date, then it might also be
possible to use symbiotic techniques.
1.3.2 Basics of maintaining sterile conditions
In both symbiotic and asymbiotic germination, it is vital that all media, jars,
instruments and seeds are kept sterile at every stage of the germination procedure.
Any bacteria or fungi to get into the jars will grow much quicker than the seedlings
and will soon outgrow and kill the germinating seeds.
Sterile conditions are created in the preparation of the media by autoclaving all
media and jars to be used for 15 minutes at 15 atm. This temperature and pressure
is sufficient to kill all bacteria and fungal spores in the media.
The seeds must be sterilized and transferred to the jars without introducing
extraneous bacteria or fungi. This is usually done by sowing from surface-sterilized
green capsules, or by sterilizing mature seeds with sodium or calcium hypochlorite,
or hydrogen peroxide, and ensuring that all instruments used in the transfer are
sterile. With a little care and practice sterile conditions can be created and
maintained from germination to the planting out of the seedlings.
Sterile conditions for pouring the media and sowing the seeds are obtained in the
El Pahuma germination program using a laminar air-flow bench. Other techniques
for maintaining sterile conditions are possible (Thompson, 1980), but technically
more difficult, and should not be attempted in humid or less than clean conditions.
1.3.3 Use of the laminar air-flow bench
There are some basic rules to be observed in using the laminar air-flow bench.
1. Always sterilize thoroughly before use with 70 - 90 % alcohol (ethanol
preferably: be very careful if using "alcohol antiseptico" which also contains
methanol. Methanol is toxic and can cause blindness if swallowed. Use the spray
and swab down all surfaces in the cabinet with cotton wool soaked in alcohol ( walls
and ceiling too). Sterilize both before and after switching on the cabinet. Be careful
not to breathe in ethanol when using spray when the cabinet is switched on.
2. Everything which goes into the cabinet should be sterile or sterilized. Wear
gloves, and sterilize them thoroughly before use by putting them on, spraying with
alcohol and holding them in the cabinet until the alcohol has dried. It is possible
with practice, instead of wearing gloves, to wash the hands and scrub the nails
thoroughly using anti/bacterial soap, dry and sterilize with alcohol as before, but
should there be any problems with bacterial contamination, revert to gloves. Wear a
lab-coat, and clean it regularly.
Make sure glassware is clean. Glassware etc. can be sprayed with alcohol on
entering the cabinet but beware! Any marks made with marker pen on the glass will
come off if sprayed with ethanol. If the glassware is clean, spraying with ethanol my
not be necessary. Instruments can be autoclaved before use either wrapped in
aluminum foil or in brown paper sealed with masking tape. Once in the cabinet
sterility is ensured by dipping in 100% ethanol and flaming three times before use.
The ethanol is best kept in a tall glass jar to allow maximum exposure of the
instruments to the ethanol. After flaming the instruments are quickly placed on the
top of a sterilized glass jar to continue to burn. Allow to cool before use.
3. Remember that any bacteria or fungal spores in the cabinet will float down and
towards you in the flow. Never place hands, sleeves or anything else above or
beyond anything sterile (e.g. media). Keep movements smooth and avoid creating
air turbulence which could bring in contamination. Do not talk, cough or sneeze in
the cabinet . Work towards the back of the cabinet as much as possible, and
minimize exposure time of media where possible.
4. Maintain sterile conditions by swabbing bench regularly with alcohol, re-
sterilizing instruments after each use and resterilizing hands after they have been in
contact with anything outside the cabinet. Especially, do not touch face or hair with
gloves on!
SAFETY NOTES:
1. BE CAREFUL NOT TO FLAME YOUR HANDS - particularly when wearing
gloves! It is easy to do as you can not feel if the alcohol on your gloves has not
totally evaporated. Luckily ethanol burns at a low temperature and can be easily put
out by flapping like mad!
2. BE CAREFUL NOT TO BURN YOURSELF or any seedlings you might be
transferring - the instruments are very hot after only two flames .
3. ALWAYS REMEMBER TO TURN OFF THE GAS, both at the Bunsen burner and
at the tap on the top of the cylinder.
2 PREPARATION OF THE MEDIA
2.1 Introduction to media preparation
Media can be prepared either from the basic ingredients (Thompson, 1977,
Appendix 1) or bought in powder form from a supplier. There are many different
media available commercially and many others devised by amateurs and
professionals alike to grow certain species. When attempting to germinate a new
species if possible it is good to try with a few different media at both full and half
strength, in order to determine what is best for that species. Masdevallias for
instance are known to be picky about which media they will germinate on (Richard
Warren, personal communication). pH is also important. Most orchids will
germinate on media of pH 5.5, but Andean species may favor slightly higher pHs
e.g. 5.6 to 5.9 (Monica de Navaho, pers. comm.). Remember when experimenting
with pH that the pH of the media after the addition of agar will be higher than before
the addition of agar.
Commercial preparations of Phytamax (Sigma Chemicals, Aldrich, England) and
Murashige and Skoog have been the main media used in the El Pahuma project to
date (March 2000). Either of these media can be prepared either half strength or full
strength (half strength recommended for Murashige and Skoog).
The general method preparation of these media is as follows.
2.2 General method for preparation of media
1. Measure out the correct quantity of media powder into 1l bottle, taking care to
avoid the dust.
2. MS only: add correct quantity of sugar and 2g/l activated charcoal
3. Add magnetic stirrer and a small quantity of distilled water and stir until dissolved
4. Make up to 1l using distilled water, stirring continuously
5. Measure the pH and adjust to 5.6 using HCl or NaOH, stirring throughout with the
magnetic stirrer. *Caution - if a pH meter is used then do not stir using the element:
the membrane is very delicate and expensive and could easily break! If a pH meter
is not available then pH papers are sufficient.*
6. Pour half of the liquid into a flask, add 4g agar to each vessel ( 8g/l agar) and stir
to disperse
7. Screw the lid loosely on the bottle, cover the tops of flasks with aluminum foil and
autoclave.
In ideal conditions the media should be made in one bottle and the magnetic stirrer
kept in the bottle throughout autoclaving so that the media can be stirred before
pouring , thus making a more even distribution of charcoal etc. throughout the jars.
However, for safety reasons the University prefers that two 500ml bottles or flasks
are used so keep the magnetic stirrer in the bottle and swirl the flask gently before
poring to disperse the charcoal.
SAFETY NOTES:
1. DO NOT BREATHE DUST OF PHYTAMAX AND AVOID CONTACT WITH SKIN
AND EYES. If you should get any of the dust of either phytamax, MS or charcoal
on your skin, wash it off immediately with plenty of cold water. If in contact with
eyes, wash immediately with cold water and seek medical attention.
2. NEVER SCREW A JAR OR BOTTLE LID TIGHTLY ON BEFORE PUTTING IN
THE AUTOCLAVE. The build up of pressure in the autoclave will cause the glass to
break. Always make sure that lids are loose when put in for autoclaving: they can
be tightened again once the jars have cooled.
3. BE CAREFUL WHEN RETRIEVING JARS AND BOTTLES FROM THE
AUTOCLAVE. They will be very hot and could burn.
2.3 Pouring of media
The media must be poured into sterile jars or petri dishes, using the laminar air flow
bench (see 1.2.3). Jars must be thoroughly washed and rinsed four times before
use, and sterilized for 15 minutes at 15 p.s.i. in an autoclave. If lids are used on the
jars, remember to screw them on loosely before autoclaving. If not lids are available
then coverings can be made by wrapping placing a piece of aluminum foil over the
mouth of the jar and sealing tightly with a twist of the wrist. Heavy-duty brown paper
tied with string can also be used, but is more cumbersome. Re-sterilize any jars
which come out of the autoclave with a hole in the foil , or the foil lid coming off.
1. Wait for media to cool enough to handle comfortably. When the agar appears
less fluid and the bottle or flask can be handled easily, it is ready to pour. Agar
poured while still very hot will create a lot of condensation.
2. Line the jars or petri dishes up at the back of the laminar air flow bench. Loosen
lids of jars.
3. Open jar lids or petri dish lid and pour, moving left to right (if right handed) to
avoid any part of the hand or lab coat hovering over an open jar or dish (see 2.xx)
4. Leave to set, then replace lids. Lids can be closed immediately after the media
is poured, but this leads to condensation in the jars. Some free water in the jars
may or may not be desirable, depending on whether seed is being sown from green
capsules or mature seed.
The preparation of media, from the mixing of the ingredients to the setting of the
poured media, takes roughly 4 hours. If 2 l of medium has been made at the same
time then a hot plate can be used to keep one bottle of media warm while the other
is setting. A hot plate should only be used as a short term emergency measure,
however, as longer term use (e.g. half an hour) can cause the charcoal to
precipitate out.
3 SOWING THE SEED
3.1 Seed collection and storage
Seeds can be collected either in green capsules or as mature seed. A green
capsule is judged to be mature and ready for sowing when it looks full and gives a
little
when gently pressed. Capsules can be stored for a few weeks wrapped in kitchen
paper, in a well aerated part of a domestic refrigerator (e.g. cheese compartment).
Do not store in plastic bags or the capsules will sweat and rot.
If at all possible, try to collect capsules which have already dehisced on a dry day.
Ideally seed should be used fresh or dried over a saturated solution of calcium
hexahydrate (Seaton & Pritchard, 19xx). If that is not available seeds can be dried
over calcium chloride, silica gel (harsher than calcium chloride and really only
recommended for short-term use) or simply left to dry at room temperature (dry
climates only). Once dried the seeds can be stored for many months in air-tight
vials in a refrigerator (4-5 C). Again, seed should never be stored or transported in
plastic bags or air-tight containers.
Times from flowering to seed maturity vary greatly between species and sites, for
example it takes roughly 3.5 months for seeds of Epidendrum or Masdevallia to
ripen (ref) and roughly 18 months for Odontoglossum (Monica de Navarro, pers.
comm.) . Conventional estimates do not take account of different climatic
conditions; obviously a capsule grown in a warm glasshouse will ripen much
quicker than one growing in a cloud forest.
At Pahuma, mark all plants collected from with a tape and code number, and
remember to include this code number in the sowing details.
3.2 Seed sowing
3.2.1 Green capsules vs. dry seed
Seeds can be sown from capsules either before dehiscence (green capsules) or
after dehiscence (dry seed). The advantages and disadvantages of using green
capsules or dry seeds are as follows.
1. Sowing from green capsules. The inside of an orchid capsule, if intact, is
naturally sterile. Therefore if you sterilize the outside of the capsule, where
bacteria and fungi can collect, and cut open the capsule under sterile conditions
then the seeds should be sterile. This method has the advantage that the seeds
themselves do not need to be sterilized (which can sometimes lead to damage). In
addition, some seeds, if taken from capsules which are almost ripe, germinate
quicker than those taken from mature capsules as the dormancy mechanisms are
not yet in place. It has the disadvantage that once opened all the seeds from an
immature capsule must be sown or discarded (some mature seeds may be dried
and saved). In addition, seeds sown from capsules which are not sufficiently
mature may germinate very slowly or not at all .
2. Sowing from dry seeds. Once a seed capsule has opened the seeds are no
longer sterile. The seeds thus need to be sterilized, usually using a solution of
sodium hypochlorite (bleach), calcium hypochlorite or hydrogen peroxide. The
seeds are shaken in a solution of sterilant containing a drop of detergent to wet the
seeds, then rinsed in sterile water and planted on to the medium. This method has
the advantage that seeds can be collected, air-dried, stored for many months in the
fridge and used when needed.
It must be remembered that at times availability of seed in either form will govern
what is sown.
3.2.2 Sowing from green capsules
The general method from sowing from green capsules is as follows
1. Using a scalpel, carefully trim the dead flower off the capsule
2. Using a soft toothbrush gently scrub the capsule with soap solution
3. Rinse the capsule in water
4. Immerse for 10 minutes in 1 % sodium hypochlorite (bleach solution) to which a
drop of detergent has been added.
5. Transfer capsule in bleach solution to the laminar air-flow cabinet.
6. Pick capsule out of bleach solution using forceps, preferably holding on to what
is left of the stalk. Dip in 100 % alcohol and pass briefly through the flame. Allow
alcohol to burn off and capsule and forceps to cool. Repeat twice for larger
capsules. Use your own discretion as to how many times to flame for small or
delicate capsules (perhaps only once). If not possible to hold by the stalk, change
the position of the forceps before flaming again.
7. Transfer to a sterile cutting surface (e.g. sterilized petri dish). Using a sterile
scalpel slice the capsule in half longitudinally. Use a fresh blade for each new
capsule to prevent the spread of any viruses.
8. Lift one half of the capsule using forceps and gently tap over the media to sow
seeds
9. Repeat until all loose seed is used up. Less mature seed can be teased out of
the capsule using forceps
10. A few drops of water are normally added to each jar, and any clumps of seeds
broken up and spread out a little over the agar.
3.2.3 Sowing from dehisced capsules ( dry seed )
There are several different methods of sowing from dry seed. All rely on sterilization
of the seed, and rinsing in sterile water before sowing, but techniques vary.
Sterilization times also vary depending on the species, time after dehiscence when
the seed was collected, climatic conditions at the time of collection and methods of
drying and storage. A range of sterilization times is therefore recommended for
new seeds.
In the El Pahuma conservation program two main techniques are used for sowing
mature seeds: the syringe technique and the packet technique. Other techniques
are possible (e.g. filtration technique using a Buchner funnel ), but are not covered
in this manual.
In both the syringe and the packet techniques all instruments and water needed for
the sowing is best sterilized the day before needed as it takes a long time for the
water to cool down after autoclaving.
In general, the syringe technique is used for most sowings and the more
cumbersome packet technique used for very small or rare seeds.
3.2.3.1 Syringe technique
1. Take a 5 ml syringe, plug the tip of the syringe with cotton wool wrapped in a
piece of cloth cut from a pair of tights (see diagram), replace the plunger and
autoclave. At the same time autoclave a supply of distilled water (in jars or bottles)
and forceps.
2. Pull out plunger and pour a small quantity of seed into syringe. ( Large numbers
of seeds will form a crust-like mass if technique 5b is used to sow, making it difficult
to sow thinly). Replace plunger.
3. Draw c. 4ml of 1 % bleach solution (to which one drop of detergent has been
added) into the syringe. Agitate for 5 minutes (or other sterilization time), making
sure that the seeds are bathed in the solution and not trapped in air bubbles. Eject
solution and draw in fresh solution. Agitate for another 5 minutes, then eject bleach.
4. Rinse seeds 3 - 4 times by drawing in sterile distilled water, agitating briefly then
ejecting.
5. Sow seeds either by a) sterilizing the neck of syringe and pouring the seeds
onto the medium. Remove any excess water or b) expelling all excess water,
removing the cotton wool ball using forceps and dabbing seed on to medium.
3.2.3.2 Packet technique
1. Create a packet out of a piece of paper (see diagram)
2. Sow a small quantity of seed into the packets. Again, large numbers of seed will
clump and hinder penetration of the bleach.
3. Fold and seal using a stapler. Immerse in distilled water for 5 - 10 minutes,
squeezing gently to dispel any air bubbles.
4. Transfer packet using forceps to 1 % bleach solution to which one drop of
detergent has been added. Leave for 10 minutes (or other sterilization time),
stirring or agitating frequently.
5. Transfer packet plus bleach to laminar flow cabinet. Using forceps transfer
packet to sterile distilled water (in a jam jar). Agitate. Repeat 3 - 4 times to rinse
seeds.
6. Gently squeeze out excess water and transfer to sterile surface. Using sterile
scissors cut open packet, and sow seeds by dabbing onto medium.
Normally using this technique the packets are put in a container of bleach over a
magnetic stirrer. The theory is that the staples will act as magnetic fleas and stir the
packets automatically. I have never found this to work! Merely stirring or agitating
frequently does the same job, and several packets can be immersed in bleach at the
same time to speed up the sowing process.
3.3 Capping the jars
Once sown the jars can be capped either using cling-film or cellophane covering cut
from bags use to cook chickens in the oven. With cling film the film must be
unwrapped in the flow cabinet, doubled over and the side closest to the back of the
cabinet placed over the jars. The cling film is then secured with an elastic band and
surplus film trimmed off.
The cellophane is cut into squares, and autoclaved in jars before being used. A
square of cellophane is removed from the jars using forceps, placed over a jar of
medium and secured using an elastic band. From the KLAR 2000 Bolsas
transparentes para hornear it is possible to get 20 tops per bag and 160 tops per
packet of bags (8 bags per packet).
The cellophane is easier to handle than the cling-film and is reusable. It is therefore
recommended as the preferred capping material.
3.4 Record-keeping
Records are kept both in a laboratory note-book, a card system and on the
computer. Details of all media made, sowings and observational notes are recorded
in the note-book. The card system records all sowings, recording a code for each
sowing consisting of the species code (e.g. TF = Trichopilia fragrans) and the
sowing code (e.g. TF12 if the twelfth sowing of Trichopilia ). The date of sowing is in
the top left hand corner, and beneath that the number of jars, type of media (and
date of manufacture of media if known), the seed code and source and any
observations made on sowing. Jars are examined weekly and notes on
contamination and germination etc. made under the appropriate date. If a jar is
discarded, this is shown by an X on either side of the observation for that jar, and
the reason noted (e.g. fungal contamination or bacterial contamination). If all jars of
a particular sowing have been discarded an x is written beside the species code
and a large x drawn through the card. Do not throw out the card - it may be useful
later to investigate what went wrong.
Each jar is labeled with the sowing code and any other relevant information which
may prove useful to have without referring to the cards (e.g. time of sterilization).
Each jar is also labeled with the medium code at the time of pouring, to prevent any
mix-up occurring during storage or sowing.
4 CARE OF SEEDLINGS
4.1 Seedlings in flasks
The seedlings at USFQ are grown 40 cm under 20 Watt fluorescent tubes in a
growth room set at 18 C with 16 hours light and 8 hours dark.
Newly sown flasks should be checked for contamination as often as possible after
sowing. If contamination is caught early enough, it can often be cut out before it has
had the chance to spread. Once a fungus has formed spores however, or if there is
spare liquid in the bottom of the flask, cutting out the visible contamination will do no
good. In most cases such as this, the flask should be discarded. Occasionally a
fungal contaminant will actually aid germination (Monica de Navarro, pers. comm).
In those cases the seedlings can be left to grow, but must be transplanted before
the fungus takes over and kills the seedlings (see Monica for advice).
Sterile water can be added if the jars look dry, using a sterilized syringe.
Seedlings are first transferred when the leaves have formed and the jars begin to
look crowded. The exception to this rule is if it is more efficacious to remove
protocorms from a contaminated jar or petri dish, rather than cut out the infection.
Seedlings are transferred using sterile forceps to fresh jars of media. A crochet
hook can be useful at this stage to remove delicate seedlings (Monica de Navarro,
pers. comm.). The next medium can be the same as the first, but it is often better to
add complex substances to the media to encourage root development (e.g. mashed
banana, coconut milk, pineapple juice or vitamin B. A small hole can be put in caps
(if metal or plastic, possibly if cellophane, not if cling-film!) and sealed two or three
times with the micropore to provide a spore-proof breathable surface in the cap.
The holes made should not be more than 2 mm in diameter (Monica de Navarro,
pers. comm.)
Several transfers will have to take place before the seedlings are ready for potting
up.
4.1 Planting out
Seedlings grown in jars have been in a very cosseted environment and must
gradually accustomed to their new environment before planted into pots. In the
growth room light is low and both light and temperature fairly constant. The humidity
in the jars is high and the seedlings are protected from the attacks of fungi, bacteria
and herbivores. In the field both light and temperature will vary greatly. In particular
the new seedlings need to be protected from strong sunlight: even a small amount
will burn the leaves of what are essentially shade-grown plants. The new seedlings,
having been raised in conditions of high humidity, will have poor cuticles, and thus
the seedlings need to be gradually accustomed to a drier atmosphere before
planting. Finally, both in the acclimatization stage and the newly-planted stage all
seedlings must have daily attention to check for problems, more than daily if the
weather is dry and sunny.
The following are guidelines to planting out. The timing of each stage may vary
from that given: constant monitoring should give an idea of what is best for each
species under the given conditions. Amend these notes where necessary!
1. Start the planting out process at the beginning of the wet season if possible. the
lower amounts of light and high humidity at this time should make it easier for the
seeds to acclimatize and establish (is this right Monica? Or when planted will the
high humidity encourage fungal attack?)
2. Put the jars in a shaded position, sheltered from rain, to acclimatize to the new
light and temperature conditions. Leave for 2 - 4 weeks with the lids on.
3. Loosen the jars lids to let in a small amount of air. Leave for about a week.
Check daily for any leaf shriveling and make sure media is moist but not wet.
4. Open a little more. Leave for a few days, checking daily.
5. Half open the lids. Leave for a few days, checking daily
6. Open the lids to three-quarters. Leave for a few days, checking daily
7. Fully open the jars. If possible leave for about a week before transporting the
seedlings to the nursery for transplanting.
8. Choose the correct potting medium for the seedlings (see Appendix)
9. Carefully remove the seedlings from the jar, tease apart gently and wash off all
traces of agar
10. Fill a pot with potting compost and put it in a basin of water. Dip the roots of the
seedling in fungicide and plant the seedling into the floating medium
11. When the pot is removed from the water the medium should stick to the roots of
the orchids without damaging them. Place the newly planted seedlings into a
propagator or small table tent made from clear plastic to ensure high humidity
during the establishment phase. Water regularly from the top avoiding the leaves
and never leave standing in water. Some spraying with water could be helpful in the
early stages to maintain high humidity.
12. Again, gradually acclimatize the seedlings to their new environment (e.g. fully
sealed tent, tent door partially opened, tent door fully opened, no tent but protected
from rain, no protection from rain, or should all plants be kept sheltered under a
plastic cover?.) When fully acclimatized and large enough to be potted up, they can
either be transplanted into larger pots or simply tied onto a tree trunk, branch or
piece of bark (with or without a pad of moss- experiment!) Spray with water in the
early stages of development- develop judgement on how much and when as water
addition needs to be enough to keep the plant from drying up but not so much that it
encourages fungal rot.
5 CONCLUSION
With in vitro germination large numbers of seedlings can be raised in a relatively
short time (several months for the quickest growing species). Some of these
seedlings can be exported as orchids raised and kept in sterile jars are exempt from
the usual CITES and phyto-sanitary regulations. Others can be taken to the orchid
nursery at El Pahuma, planted into pots and raised either for sale or for introduction
to the forest at El Pahuma or elsewhere. Each orchid capsule contains many
thousands of seeds, so there will be plenty of plants to go round!
6 REFERENCES
Arditti, J. 1982. Orchid seed germination and seedling culture- A Manual. In J.
Arditti (Ed.) Orchid biology: reviews and perspectives II. pp243 - 370. Cornell
University Press, London
Pritchard, H.W. (Ed.) 1989. Modern methods in orchid conservation: The role of
physiology, ecology and management. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Ramsay, M. 1989. Unpublished notes on seed germination.
Seaton, P. & Pritchard, H. 19xx. The dos and donts of orchid seed storage .
Thompson, P.A. 1980. Orchids from seed. HMSO, London.
APPENDIX 1
Equipment and materials used for seed germination at USFQ
Laminar air-flow cabinet
Autoclave
Growth room (18 C, 16 hours light, 8 hours dark)
Shelving with 20 Watt fluorescent lamps (uncovered)
1l Pyrex bottle
1l Pyrex flask
Magnetic stirrer + flea
pH meter
NaOH and HCl for pH adjustment
Distilled water
Phytamax orchid maintenance medium (P6668, Sigma chemicals)
Murashige & Skoog salts
Agar
Sugar
Activated carbon
Vitamin B complex
forceps
scalpel with blades
glass for ethanol
glass jam-jars
Plastic 250 ml beakers
Petri dishes
Small glass vials for seeds
Jam jar lids Lab coat
Aluminum foil Hand-towel
Thick brown paper Kitchen gloves
Masking tape Disposable plastic gloves
Cling-film Cloths
Bolsas de hornear (cellophane) Paper towels
Elastic bands
Micropore

Paper Bleach
Alcohol (70% ethanol) Syringe
100 % ethanol Cotton wool
Spray bottle for ethanol Tights
Indelible marker pens (black) Stapler and staples
Copyright 2000 Carol M. Stiff (KCK, Inc.) - All Rights Reserved Worldwide - Version 000306
24
Subculture (transfer) of plantlets to fresh medium
The newly developing plantlets will grow better if they are transferred to fresh medium
without growth regulators. The growth regulators can inhibit elongation of the shoots and
the formation of roots.
1. After 4-6 weeks, make fresh medium using the Home Style Medium recipe below.
Follow the same instructions as you did for the original medium but use these
ingredients:
Home Style Medium
In a quart jar filled with water, mix:
1 teaspoon hydroponic fertilizer (Peters NPK 20-20-20)
2 tablespoons sugar
a multivitamin pill
1 ml PPM
Mix well. The vitamin pill will not completely dissolve. It can be removed after a couple of
minutes. Test pH and adjust as you did in the first batch of medium. Measure 3
tablespoons medium into each baby food jar. Add two cotton balls, or 1/2 teaspoon gelatin,
or 1/16 teaspoon agar (as previously described). Cap with polypropylene caps, or metal
baby food jar caps if using a pressure cooker. Sterilize as described earlier.
2. Prepare the clean area as you did before. Wipe off the original culture bottles with
alcohol and loosen the caps. Loosen the caps on the fresh media jars.
3. Wipe a small plate with alcohol to use as your cutting surface.
4. Dip the forceps in 70%
alcohol and carefully
remove the plant culture
from its jar and place on
the plate.
5. Cut into sections or pull
apart plantlets using
sterile forceps and knife.
6. Place each small piece or
pl ant l et i nt o f r esh
medium. Recap and seal.
http://www.orchideenvermehrung.at/downloads/paphiopedilum%20seeds1.txt
From: <tqpllab@a...>
Date: Thu Feb 8, 2001 8:14pm
Subject: Re: [hometissueculture] How to germinate Paph. seeds
Hi Dave,
Germination of Paphiopedilums can vary from easy to difficult according
to what you are trying to grow. Some will germinate like crazy in 6-8
weeks while some we have had germinated after 6 years in flask! Others
never germinate.
If you tell us what you are growing I will have a 'guess' at your
possible success!
Hills media will germinate Paphs but there are better media formulations
around.
Robert Ernst media will germinate Paphs well, and Phytomax will
germinate seedlings. If you are interested in larger volumes (10litre)
contact me direct as we think we have something even better developed
over 8 years working with Paphs. We strongly believe that the best
results are only achieved by customising a Paph specific media as these
orchids requirements are different from the 'typical tropical epiphytes'
media.
The advice given by John Elliot to avoid coconut water is good, infact
in the temperate world many thousands of Paphs are germinated without
coconut additives. Though I do know in Thailand it is used in some of
their general orchid formulas... though I am unsure of the specifics.
Arron Hicks does advise the use of charcoal and banana in germination
media for Paphs - however I do disagree with him on this point. By his
own admission the Seed Bank rarely handles Paph seed, and I have seen
Paphs stop dead at the protocorm stage by using banana additives. Add
banana at the plantlet stage if you want to but seriously do _not_ use
it at germination. This was reported by Prof RLM Pierik in the book 'In
Vitro Culture of Higher Plants' (Pierik et al., unpublished results)
1987. We never use banana at any stage since it gives rise to variable
results when aiming for uniformity.
Green seed pod culture is sometimes adopted to save the mother plants,
or dry seed. There are advantages and disadvantges to both. Some Paphs
germinate better harvested in the green seed pod, while others 'benefit'
from bleaching of the seed.
http://www.orchideenvermehrung.at/downloads/paphiopedilum%20seeds1.txt (1 de 2)20/8/2009 13:41:34
Conventional wisdom is that Paphs germinate in the dark, infact this
does not hold true of all seed crosses, as some will also germinate in
the light.
Best to try both - as germination in the light can be quicker!
Temperatures daytime 25 degrees Centigrade, night 15 degrees Centigrade
works well for most crosses. If you are trying anything unusual you may
have to adapt a temperature regime to combat seasonal dormancy.... but
there are no guarantees with that.
Patience is a great virtue when sowing Paphs.
Experience....This is based on sowing thousands of Paphiopedilum seed
pods each year. Since 1993 we have been doing all the flasking for
Ratcliffe Orchids - probably one of the most famous names in the world
of slipper orchids and probably the greatest hybridizers around.
If you have any problems or questions do not hesitate to contact me
direct and I would be only to happy to help...after all anything to
help raise more Paphs!
Regards
Alan L Winthrop
TQPLlab@a...
From: <tqpllab@a...>
Date: Fri Feb 9, 2001 6:34pm
Subject: Re: [hometissueculture] Re: How to germinate Paph. seeds
Hi Dave,
Pahiopedilum maudiae type are always a good choice to sow as results
can be quick.
P.maudiae (P.callosum x lawrenceanum) or the closer to these two species
makes for easy seed. The further you get away from that original cross
the more difficulties you may encounter, though another species can
sometimes inject 'good germination' again.
The albums/albinos/greens can be sometimes more difficult with some
notable awarded forms being triploids, and difficult or impossible to
breed on from. Sometime the yield of seed from these will only be a few
'scrapings' but always worth sowing.
However the coloured formes usually breed well. If your pod is bulging
with seed it can be a good sign. Maudiae seed are very light compared
to many other Paphs and take care as they blow easily in air currents.
You should also sow thinly as when the germination is good it will be
very good. Expect to get probably 500 -3000 plants or more from a big
fat pod. Maudiae seedlings often develop roots that get readily
inter-twined and seem to be 'sticky' which is another reason for sowing
thinly.
Germination can be as soon as 6-8 weeks.
If you are sowing the difficult 'green group' the germination can be
slower and guard against too much light to the seedlings. Some leaves
may be white or low on green pigmentation.
I would stick to the recommended pH for Hills. Usually most media is
set at pH 5.5-5.7 prior to autoclaving. Personally I have found there
is no need raise the pH to 6.3-6.5 though others do that. The pH will
drop with time and is self adjusted by the seedlings over time.
Sorry I never use PPM, as contamination never seems to be a problem. So
I cannot comment on how it might affect the germination of Paphiopedilums.
However I do believe that PPM can be less effective when organic
additives or charcoal have been added to the media. Hills media has
organic additives. If you later use banana this should also be taken
into account.
Hope this is of some help.
Best regards
Alan
TQPLlab@a...
Von: TQPLlab@awinthrop.freeserve.co.uk
[mailto:TQPLlab@awinthrop.freeserve.co.uk]
Gesendet am: Donnerstag, 19. Juli 2001 20:59
An: Ederer Thomas
Betreff: paph germination
Hi Thomas,
Good that you have some Paphiopedilum and Phragmipedium seed.
Generally Paph seed is not so prolific in germination compared to other
orchids, though there are always exceptions. Primary hybrids (species x
species) often produce good germination and large numbers. Some species
also germinate abundantly.
Phragmipediums are very variable in their germination response and are
very much controlled by the genetics and ploidy (chromosome number).
Generally it is belived that dark is required for germination for Paphs
and Phrags.
Light can definately inhibit germination in some Paph seed sowings,
however both of these can sometimes germinate in the light and this may
lead to quicker germination and or growth. It is impossible to predict
what does what unless you know your breeding lines very well. The best
practical approach is to put most of your flasks into the dark, and
perhaps keep 1/10 in the light after sowing.
You watch your Paph and Phrag seed carefully, and after 6 weeks look for
germination and swelling of seed. When you think 50% have germinated as
white protocorms (in the dark) or when the seedlings become drawn
upwards - move them to the very low light and gradually increase this
over a few weeks. The protocorms will become green. Germination may
continue over a long period.
Warning do not use banana added to media for sowing / germinating
Paphs as it stops growth!
Some Paph seed does not germinate for at least 9 months or much
longer... so never give up.
Then you will see leaves develop. If they are maudiae type, make sure
you replate soon as the roots become easily tangled.
There are some pictures of the germintion process on the website under
the laboratory section.
Perhaps let me know how things progress
Best regards and good flasking.
Alan
TQPLlab@awinthrop.freeserve.co.uk
http://www.tissuequickplantlabs.com
http://www.orchideenvermehrung.at/downloads/stem%20propagation1.txt
From: Lester W. Poole <lwp@l...>
Date: Tue Aug 10, 1999 7:20am
Subject: Re: orchid stem propagation
Kathy ...
I have done extensive stem propagation of phals over the
years. Phals, like people respond differently to the same
conditions. Some phals will seldom produce plantlets from
stem propping, merely set there for years, some will be
incredibly prolific making dozens of plantlets per node.
I use the Sigma Maintenance formula modified with 5 g BA per
liter and 14.2 g of tCA. This is basically the formula
devised by Dr. Robert Greisbach. It has proven successful
for me over the years. Some protocols suggest modifying the
BA from 1 to 5 g, but we settled on the 5 g as being best.
We have tested as high as 10 g, but did not see an
improvement in numbers of plantlets produced or node
performance.
The time of year is important also with the summer months
providing the most plantlets per node ... stems taken in the
fall through early spring often expressed themselves as
flower spikes.
Temperatures are important .. cool lab temps tend to produce
higher percentages of flower spikes, and warmer temps
produce the highest percentages of plantlets. The warmer
temps also produce higher contamination rates if your
sanitation is not up to par.
Apical dominance also plays a strong role in numbers of
plantlets produced per node. When the plantlet leaves reach
about 1/2 inch in length we cut the apical 1/2 off ... this
speeds the proliferation process from dormant buds at the
base of the stem. When reach your final numbers merely
separate you plantlets and allow them to reach your desired
production size before planting out.
You can also induce more plantlets to form per node by
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dissecting the node with a sharp blade or razor from top to
bottom, or puncturing the node several times with a sharp
needle. This will often result in multiple plantlets where
only one may have been produced otherwise.
The stems need to be inserted in the media at the proper
polarization, i.e., the way it grew on the plant .. bottom
down, tip up. I cut the stems with about two inches on the
bottom and one inch length on top. This gives me ample
working stem to trim and the different lengths make in
difficult to insert into the media upside down. On stems we
tested inserted upside down ... none grew plantlets.
You need to transfer the stems and plantlets produced
frequently due to the problems with phenolic buildup in the
media. This will kill your plants if left unattended, we
did in on a schedule of about every three to four weeks.
I also have a personal preference to insert the stem into
the media deep enough to barely cover the dormant eye ... I
feel I get better results from this than when the stems are
far above the media.
I also like to keep about 3/4 inch of stem below the eye, I
think the stems acts as a filter and moderator to the media
and may serve as a resevour of nutrients needed by the
initial plantlet.
We work our plants on a thirty to sixty day cycle ...
different crosses and species respond at different speeds to
culture .. some very quickly, some very slow.
Hope this helps ... LWP
http://www.orchideenvermehrung.at/downloads/stem%20propagation1.txt (2 de 2)20/8/2009 13:41:50
From: GEORGE A SNELLENBERGER <GEOTAN1@p...>
Date: Sat Oct 17, 1998 9:32am
Subject: Re: Phalaenopsis orchids
Hi Keith,
I've been doing stem props for a while now and this is what works for
me. Use the multipication media from Phytotech, it appears to be same
a Sigma which is what I use. It's basically a half strengh MS with BA
and NAA I believe. Cut nodes with 1 to 2 cm. of stem above and below,
remove bract covering node carefully under sterile conditions. Place
in 5% bleach solution for 10 minutes, 5 usually works. I spray whole
stem beforehand with Physan or RD-20 and spray a little in bleach
solution to decrease surface tensions, helps bleach get at what ever
is there. After removing from bleach dip in sterile water and make
fresh end cuts and make either top or bottom of stem longer so you
can tell which end is up. Before placing in multi-media almost up to
node you can remove top 1/3 of node(usually about 1 to 2 mm. in length),
this will cause node to put out up to a about dozen shoots instead of
1, or even start callous. Black discoloration from phenolics will soon
spread into media , when this area gets bigger than a dime move to
stem to clear spot in flask, about every 2 to 4 weeks seems to be ok.
When shoots and leaves get 1 to 2 inches long place in maintanence
media. Sigma has one without charcoal that makes it easier to monitor
phenolics but not really nescessary. Roots won't form til a month or
two in new media without auxins or cytokinens.
I've started using cocoanut milk of various stages since there are
plenty within walking distance and believe that 10 to 30 percent in
maintanence media will work for multiple shoot production. This isn't
something that needs to be to precise, I also think if you used mud
from back yard with a minor ph correction it would work fine to produce
single shoots and mud with 20% coconut milk adjusted to ph 5-6 would
produce multiple shoots. Creativity has many forms :) Any questions
just give me a holler.
-George-
George Snellenberger
GEOTAN1@p...
My Homepage http://pages.prodigy.net/geotan1/index.html
http://www.orchideenvermehrung.at/downloads/stem%20propagation2.txt20/8/2009 13:41:55
http://www.orchideenvermehrung.at/downloads/phenolic%20exudations1.txt
From: george anderson <georgea3@e...>
Date: Mon Jan 22, 2001 9:56pm
Subject: Re: phenolic exudations
RE: edererthomas@8...
> Why do the plantlets exudate these phenolic compounds ?
> How can I prevent this ?
an excellent question and one that is under considerable research lately.
the simple answer is that the plants dont like to be eaten by bugs (an
inconvience, at best; deadly, at worst). evolution has provided plants
with defense mechanism to deter the bugs. the phenols and alkaloids are
examples of this since the bugs dont like the way they taste. when a bug
eates a leaf, signaling chemicals which are usually compartmentalized
in the plant cell are released starting a cascade of response which is
eventually expressed by activating (otherwise silent) genes. the
eventual gene products result in the production of unapetizing chemicals
(like phenols, whose concentrations become highly elevated).
practically, people doint tissue culture try to minimize this by adding
charcoal to the media (to absorb the phenols but they also absorb the
components of the media changing their final concentrations in an
nonuniform manner), or replating often into clean media, and there is
some published work using inhibitors of polyoxidase enzymes.
the fact that you sometimes see this effect in some samples and not
others could be the result of the fact that this defense system is
inducable in somewhat the same fashion as immunity is induced in people
(ie vacines). so if the plant that you are trying to culture has led a
hard life and been predated by many eating bugs, one might reasonably
assume that more phenols will be produced (since the defense genes have
been unsilenced) when you chop it up and try to culture.
for additional reference, there is a nice symposium of papers in the
proceedings of the national academy of sciences last year (sorry i
cant give you the specific reference.
i am in the process of resurfacing the wood floor in my house and my
library is stacked in piles-i cant find anything without tempting a
disaster) on the similarity of plant defense and animal defense (ie
antibody) mechanisms.
one more intresting fact is lerners resent publication that animal
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antibodies are capable of producing reactive oxygen species (ie O2*)
which can oxidize HCL into HOCL (which is what the active agent in
bleach is).
cheers
gma
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From: casi casi <c_casi@y...>
Date: Wed Jan 24, 2001 10:08pm
Subject: Re: phenolic exudations
Hello World!
These exudates are usually considered to the various
phenolic compounds that oxidize to form brown material
in the medium. These substances tend to be inhibitory
to development. Treatments to minimize this problem
include pretreting the explants whith an antioxidant
(citric or ascorbic acid)
including an adsorbent material in the medium
(polyvinilpyrrolidone or activated charcol)
You can use Gerlite instead of Agar.
It is not clear if Gerlite prevents the exudation or
the oxidation of that exudation.
Jorge Guzman
http://www.orchideenvermehrung.at/downloads/phenolic%20exudations2.txt20/8/2009 13:42:05
http://www.orchideenvermehrung.at/downloads/hydrogen%20peroxide1.txt
Date: Thu, 29 Jan 1998 23:46:39 +1100
From: Darryl Smedley <dsmedley@ozemail.com.au>
Subject: [17538] Hydrogen Peroxide Seed Sterilisation
For some years now I have been using 3 Volume W/V (10%) Hydrogen
Peroxide (H2O2) to sterilize orchid seed before sowing. Its simple and
easy as its a one-step operation that doesn't require any further
washing of the seed as in chlorine-based sterilization procedures.
It works because the Hydrogen Peroxide kills the nasty contaminates
then breaks down into water and oxygen after a period. A friend has
suggested that maybe the H2O2 might only work when it decomposes into
H2O and O2 and its the nascent oxygen that does the sterilizing - don't
know.
What I would like to know is how long the process takes to convert from
H2O2 to water and oxygen?
There is a practical reason for wanting to know this as I have found
that seed sown in the evening generally has a lower germination success
rate than seed sown in the morning.
I have speculated that this is because the flasks done at night are
under the the lights for only a short period and are in contact with
the H2O2 whilst it is still 'active' for several hours until the lights
turn on again in the morning. Flasks done in the morning are under the
lights for up to 8 hours before the lights turn off at night. Presumably
the H2O2 breaks down during this period. (I once used 6 Volume H202 by
mistake and washed and re-sterilized the seeds within 15 minutes. No
good, killed them all stone dead.)
My procedures are that the seed is placed in a test tube and 2.5ml of
H2O2 is drawn up and syringed into the tube. The tube is agitated on
and off for 5 minutes then the stopper is removed and the liquid and
seed poured into the flask. The flask usually has a small quantity of
free water on top of the agar mixture - no more than 0.5 ml. The flask
is then placed under 36/37 Watt Growlights at about 18-20" from the
tube to the top of the agar. The flasking room is kept at temperatures
ranging from 17-27 deg.C.
I'm told that the stabilizer used in H202 is Phosphoric Acid but I
don't know in what proportion nor whether its presence contributes to
http://www.orchideenvermehrung.at/downloads/hydrogen%20peroxide1.txt (1 de 2)20/8/2009 13:42:15
the sterilization in any way.
I hope some of our 'OLD' chemists can help with this question which is
basicall how long does it take for H2O2 > 2H20 + 02?
Regards & good growing
Darryl Smedley
Oceania Orchids
http://www.orchideenvermehrung.at/downloads/hydrogen%20peroxide1.txt (2 de 2)20/8/2009 13:42:15
Date: Sat, 12 Oct 1996 10:14:17 -0500
From: r-halgren@nwu.edu (Robert G. Halgren)
Subject: [10676] Re: [10645] Contaminated flask.
>Date: Thu, 10 Oct 1996 21:51:41 -0700
>From: fredrick@well.com (Fred Paget)
Always happens with the best stuff, right? Never that 100th
flask of a pink phal... I usually throw contaminated flasks away, but
I have had some luck saving them. My latest experiment in flask rescue
involved a Paph hybrid with a big spot of mold in the middle of the
flask. I removed the protocorms to 3%H202 (drug store brand, straight
out of the bottle) and allowed them to soak for about 5 minutes. I
then plated to three replate flasks. One of these flasks was with the
addition of 1mg/ml Amphotericin B (Fungizone), the second 2.5mg/ml AB,
and the third was a "normal" replate flask. I replated out of the
hydrogen peroxide, without any attempt to wash. I did the above
flasks in the order indicated, so the last flask's protocorms had been
in H2O2 longer than the first. For the last flask, I just dumped the
entire remainder of protocorms in H2O2 into the flask, and aspirated
off some of the extra. So far (1 month out), there is no evidence of
contamination in any of those three flasks. Since I don't know what
AB does to Paphs, I would recommend the last approach. Looking at
about 15 minutes of a 3% H2O2 soak and a fair amount of residual H2O2
in the flask. Did I get every last nasty? Every last actively
growing one, anyway, spores might take longer to show up. Did I kill
the plants? Not as far as I can tell, they are still green. I may
have set them back a bit.
Rob
http://www.orchideenvermehrung.at/downloads/hydrogen%20peroxide2.txt20/8/2009 13:42:20
1
Figure 1: Fan Hood.
LAMINAR FLOW HOOD CONSTRUCTION
G.W. Forister and D.W. Burger
Department of Environmental Horticulture
University of California, Davis
The laminar flow hood is an important piece of equipment in any plant tissue culture
laboratory. It provides a nearly sterile environment in which to work. Laminar flow hoods
function by passing room air through a HEPA (high efficiency particulate) filter that
removes 99.99% of all airborne materials (dust, spores, mycelia) and delivers the filtered
air into an enclosure open on one end.
The following description details how we made two laminar flow hoods connected
to one blower by dryer vent hose. We started with a conceptual idea obtained from a
paper published by Meyer in 1986 (HortScience 21(4):1064-1065). We describe here our
construction details for the fan housing and laminar flow hoods along with a cost analysis.
Our laminar flow hoods have proven (based on open petri plate contamination tests) to
provide a sterile environment in which to conduct plant tissue culture work.
FAN HOUSING - Construction Details
The construction could be assembled using the following instructions in sequential order.
1. The 3/4" thick 4' 8' sheet of plywood should be cut into the pieces as diagramed
in the Parts Layout sheet.
2. Cut all rabbets to 3/4" wide and 1/2" deep.
3. Cut out air passages in the END and END
inside pieces.
4. Glue together and attach with screws or nails
the SIDEs, ENDs and bottom. Careful
attention to accuracy will make a perfectly
square open top box.
5. Make the Fan hood (Fig. 1) with #2 pine. There are
two views of it. One separate and one attached to
the fan. It should fit tightly inside the large box
already constructed. The bottom of the fan hood is
attached to the fan outlet with #10 3/4" screws.
When the fan and attached fan hood are set in the
box with the fan holes facing the filters, the top of
the fan hood should be aligned to the bottom of the
2
Figure 2: Side View.
rabbet of the sides. Center the fan hood in the box and attach cleats on each side
of the fan at the bottom of the box (Fig. 2). The fan or fan hood need not be
attached to the fan housing box. Notice the strips of pine on the side of the fan
hood. They are there for support of the filter lids and are not covered up by the
"Top Center" piece with holes for air passage.
6. The "Top Center" has at least six 4" diameter holes in it. The hose attachments are
made from 4" aluminum irrigation pipe 3" long. Tabs can be cut, bent out and a
hole drilled for a 3/4" #10 screw. The hose attachments are then inserted into the
"Top Center" with screws. This piece is then attached to the top of the "Fan Hood"
with 2" screws. No glue was used in case later we want to replace the top with
another unit with more outlets. This top piece could be made like a box and more
hoses attached since the motor is capable of much more work than is allowed by
only six holes.
7. The filter lids are made as a loose fit over the
filters and a handle attached. No screws are
necessary to attach the lids in place. Access
is needed to change the filters.
8. The next step (see Figure 2) is to attach the inside
end to the spacer with 2" inch screws with the fence
wire held between them. The inside ends should fit
loosely inside the box allowing for paint and ease of
removal, if needed. The spacers are attached to the
inside ends with enough room between them to let a
filter (16"20"2") slide between them. This
construction is then attached to the end piece with
screws and no glue.
9. At this time the space for the switch can be located between the fan and the "END
inside" piece that holds the filter in place. The switch did not have a long enough
shaft to work without taking the switch apart and reversing the plate with the screw
holes. Then if a hole was made that was large enough the switch would be
recessed into the 3/4" plywood and the shaft will stick out far enough to attach a
face plate to cover the hole. Then the switch knob can be attached.
10. A 1" hole is cut in the box below the switch position at least 2-1/4" from the bottom
of the side. A grommet to protect the wire (14 gage) can be made from conduit end
parts attached to a steel conduit coupler cut to the 3/4" thickness of the wood. Two
3/4" washers sandwiched the coupler and kept in place.
3
Figure 3: Side View of Hood.
LAMINAR FLOW HOOD - Construction Details
1. The bottom and table area was made from 2 layers of 3/4" plywood (one 20"31-
3/4" and one 31-3/4"31-3/4") glued and screwed together. The table area (2
layers thick) was laminated.
2. The HEPA filter was set back from the table the width of the egg crate white panel.
The spacer blocks attached to the base with screws held the filter in place. The egg
crate panel was held in place to the HEPA filter by machine screws through the 1/2"
channel - plastic grid - foam insulation - into the aluminum filter frame.
3. The enclosure around the filter was made from 1"12" pine dadoed to receive the
filter edges to make a better seal and to hold the filter. The enclosure was screwed
into the 3/4" base.
4. The back of the filter enclosure was covered with 1/4" plywood.
5. The 1" angle aluminum (1/16" thick) frame for the top of the plexiglass hood was
made from one continuous piece of angle aluminum. The 90 degree bends were
made after a triangle was cut out of the top side of the piece at the corners. The
ends fit inside the 1/2" channel which secured them.
4
5
COST ANALYSIS FOR BUILDING TWO LAMINAR FLOW HOODS (ONE FAN)
Hood
HEPA Filter (2), 24"30"6" (under Filters-Air & Gas - Yellow Pages) 220.00
Plywood, 4'8'3/4" A/B Int 34.00
Plywood, 4'8'1/4" Shop 10.00
1"12"16', #2 Common Pine 17.00
Formica laminate, white, 4'4' 24.00
Laminating adhesive 6.00
Clear Plexiglass, 4'8'1/4" 110.00
Egg Crate White Lighting Panel, 2'4', two of them 24.00
Aluminum channel, 1/2"1/2"16' 25.00
Paint 15.00
Angle aluminum 1"x1", 1/16" thick, 2 pieces 6' 10.00
Miscellaneous supplies 30.00
TOTAL (Hood) 525.00
Fan Housing
Direct-drive blower, Dayton #5C094 185.00
Rotary switch 40.00
*
Plywood, ABX, 3/4" 30.00
Molding, pine 18.00
Pre-filter , 16"x20"2", case of 6 24.00
**
Dryer vent hose and clamps 35.00
Miscellaneous supplies, screws, glue, paint, etc. 46.00
TOTAL (Fan Housing) 378.00
GRAND TOTAL 903.00
Switch - ELECTROSWITCH part #21301A
*
series 21, 1 deck, 4-hole, 1-7 throw
From - ELECTRIC SWITCHES INC.
National 800-421-8855
CA. except (213);800-252-4640
(213)-660-1310
Filter - Extended Surface Air Filter
**
Mfg. - DAYTON
Supplied by -
Granger Industrial and Commercial Equipment and Supplies.
P-6668
PHYTAMAX
TM
ORCHID MAINTENANCE MEDIUM
This powder is extremely hygroscopic and must be protected from atmospheric moisture. Do not open the
container until its contents are allowed to warm to room temperature. If possible the entire contents of the
package should be used immediately after opening.
Components: mg/L
Ammonium Nitrate............................................................................. 825.0
Boric Acid ........................................................................................... 3.10
Calcium Chloride Anhydrous ............................................................ 166.0
Cobalt Chloride Hexahydrate............................................................ 0.0125
Cupric Sulfate Pentahydrate ............................................................. 0.0125
Disodium EDTA Dihydrate ................................................................ 37.240
Ferrous Sulfate Heptahydrate........................................................... 27.850
Magnesium Sulfate Anhydrous......................................................... 90.350
Manganese Sulfate............................................................................ 8.450
Potassium Iodide ............................................................................... 0.4150
Potassium Nitrate............................................................................... 950.0
Potassium Phosphate Monobasic..................................................... 85.0
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate ............................................................ 0.1250
Zinc Sulfate Heptahydrate................................................................. 5.30
Charcoal............................................................................................. 2000.0
MES (Free Acid) ................................................................................ 1000.0
Myo-Inositol ........................................................................................ 100.0
Nicotinic Acid (Free Acid) .................................................................. 1.0
Peptone Type I................................................................................... 2000.0
Pyridoxine Hydrochloride................................................................... 1.0
Sucrose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20000.0
Thiamine Hydrochloride .................................................................... 10.0
27.3 g of powder are required to prepare 1 L of medium.
THIS PRODUCT IS INTENDED FOR LABORATORY USE ONLY.
NOT FOR DRUG, HOUSEHOLD, OR OTHER USES.
PREPARATION: Preparing the medium in a concentrated form is not recommended as some salt complexes
may precipitate. Supplements may be added prior to sterilization or added aseptically to a sterile medium.
Certain supplements (i.e. heat labile) may require filter sterilization and may affect the shelf life of the medium.
The basic steps for preparing the culture medium are the following:
1. Using a container twice the size of the desired final volume, measure out approximately
90% of the final required volume of tissue culture grade water (e.g. Sigma Product No.
W-3500). Example: 900 ml for a final volume of 1000 ml.
2. While stirring, add the powdered medium.
ProductInformation
3. Rinse the original container with a small volume of tissue culture grade water to remove
traces of the powder. Add to the solution in Step 2.
4. Add desired supplements (e.g. gelling agent, auxin, cytokinin, etc.).
5. While stirring, adjust the medium to the desired pH (e.g. 5.6 +/- 0.1) using KOH, NaOH,
or HCl.
6. Add additional tissue culture grade water to bring the medium to the final volume.
7. If gelling agent is used, heat the solution to approx. 100
o
C while stirring.
8. Dispense the medium into culture vessels before or after autoclaving according to your
application. Add heat labile constituents after autoclaving.
9. Sterilize the medium in a validated autoclave at 1Kg/cm
2
(15 psi). The medium should
attain a temperature of 121
o
C for at least 15 min. Refer to the Sigma Plant Cell Culture
Catalog for recommended autoclave times for different volumes.
STORAGE: All media preparations should be stored at 0-5
o
C. Store dry powder in a desiccator. Deterioration
of powdered medium may be recognized by:1) granulation, clumping, or particulate matter throughout the
powder; 2) pH change; or 3) inability to promote growth when properly used.
The following information can be obtained from the Sigma Plant Cell Culture Catalog or by calling ext. 3952
at 1-800-521-8956 (USA) or 314-771-5765 (collect):
Manufacturing and testing specifications
Physical and chemical analysis
Biological performance testing
SPECIFICATIONS: Appearance: Dark gray powder
Moisture content: < 5.0%
Solubility: Black suspension
pH +/- 0.5 at 25
o
C: 5.4
SIGMA warrants that its products conform to the information contained in this and other Sigma publications. Purchaser must determine the suitability of the product for its particular use. See
reverse side of invoice or packing slip for additional terms and conditions of sale.
2H072
SIGMA CHEMICAL COMPANY, P.O. Box 14508, St. Louis,

Missouri 63178 U.S.A. Telex: 910-761-0593 or 434475
TO ORDER:
USA/Canada Telephone 1-800-325-3010
FAX 1-800-325-5052
Outside USA/Canada (call collect)
Telephone 314-771-5750
FAX 314-771-5757
FOR CUSTOMER SERVICE (shipping problem):
USA/Canada 1-800-325-8070
Outside USA/Canada (call collect) 314-771-5765
FOR TECHNICAL SERVICE:
USA 1-800-521-8956 ext. 3952
Outside USA (call collect) 314-771-5765 ext. 3952
SIGMA CHEMICAL CO. LTD., Fancy Road, Poole
Dorset BH17 7NH, England * Telephone: 0202 733114
(Charges Reversed) * Telex: 418242 - SIGMA G
SIGMA CHEMIE GmbH, Grnwalder Weg 30,
8024 Deisenhofen, Deutschland
Telefon: 089/613 01-0 * Service Telefon: 0130-5155
Service Fax: 0130-6490 (zum Nulltarif innerhalb Deutschlands)
SIGMA CHIMIE S.a.r.l., L'Isle d'Abeau Chesnes, B.P. 701,
38070 Saint Quentin Fallavier, Cedex, France
Telephone: 74 82 28 00 * Telex: 308215 - Sigma F
SIGMA QUIMICA, Apt. Correos 161, 28100 Alcobendas (Madrid)
ESPAA * Telephone: 91-661 99 77 * Telex: 22189 SAQS-E
SIGMA CHIMICA, Via Gallarate 154, 20151 Milano - Italia
Telephone: 02-33417-330 * Fax: 02-38010-737
SIGMA CHEMIE, P.O. Box 260, CH-9470 Buchs, Switzerland
Telephone: 085 69721 * Telex: 855282
SIGMA CHEMICALS, Unit 2, 10 Anella Ave, Castle Hill, NSW 2154,
Australia * Telephone: 008-800-097 * Fax: 008-800-096
SIGMA CHIMICA, Bd. Lambermontiaan, 1406
B-1030 Brussel/Bruxelles * Telephone: 32 (0) 2 242 8750
Fax: 32 (0) 2 242 82 16
8 1992 Sigma Chemical Company
P-1056
PHYTAMAX
TM
ORCHID MEDIUM
WITH CHARCOAL AND BANANA POWDER
This powder is extremely hygroscopic and must be protected from atmospheric moisture. Do not open the
container until its contents are allowed to warm to room temperature. If possible the entire contents of the
package should be used immediately after opening.
Components: mg/L
Ammonium Nitrate............................................................................. 825.0
Banana Powder (50% Malto-dextrin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30000.0
Boric Acid ........................................................................................... 3.10
Calcium Chloride Anhydrous ............................................................ 166.0
Cobalt Chloride Hexahydrate............................................................ 0.0125
Cupric Sulfate Pentahydrate ............................................................. 0.0125
Disodium EDTA Dihydrate ................................................................ 37.240
Ferrous Sulfate Heptahydrate........................................................... 27.850
Magnesium Sulfate Anhydrous......................................................... 90.350
Manganese Sulfate............................................................................ 8.450
Potassium Iodide ............................................................................... 0.4150
Potassium Nitrate............................................................................... 950.0
Potassium Phosphate Monobasic..................................................... 85.0
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate ............................................................ 0.1250
Zinc Sulfate Heptahydrate................................................................. 5.30
Charcoal............................................................................................. 2000.0
MES (Free Acid) ................................................................................ 1000.0
Myo-Inositol ........................................................................................ 100.0
Nicotinic Acid (Free Acid) .................................................................. 1.0
Peptone Type I................................................................................... 2000.0
Pyridoxine Hydrochloride................................................................... 1.0
Sucrose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20000.0
Thiamine Hydrochloride .................................................................... 10.0
PREPARATION: Preparing the medium in a concentrated form is not recommended as some salt complexes
may precipitate. Supplements may be added prior to sterilization or added aseptically to a sterile medium.
Certain supplements (i.e. heat labile) may require filter sterilization and may affect the shelf life of the medium.
The basic steps for preparing the culture medium are the following:
1. Using a container twice the size of the desired final volume, measure out approximately
90% of the final required volume of tissue culture grade water (e.g. Sigma Product No.
W-3500). Example: 900 ml for a final volume of 1000 ml.
2. While stirring, add the powdered medium.
ProductInformation
3. Rinse the original container with a small volume of tissue culture grade water to remove
traces of the powder. Add to the solution in Step
4. Add desired supplements (e.g. gelling agent, auxin, cytokinin, etc.).
5. While stirring, adjust the medium to the desired pH (e.g. 5.6 0.1) using KOH, NaOH, or
HCl.
6. Add additional tissue culture grade water to bring the medium to the final volume.
7. If gelling agent is used, heat the solution to approx. 100
o
C while stirring.
8. Dispense the medium into culture vessels before or after autoclaving according to your
application. Add heat labile constituents after autoclaving.
9. Sterilize the medium in a validated autoclave at Kg/cm
2
(15 psi). The medium should
attain a temperature of 121
o
C for at least 15 min. Refer to the Sigma Plant Cell Culture
Catalog for recommended autoclave times for different volumes.
o
C. Store dry powder in a desiccator. Deterioration
of powdered medium may be recognized by: 1) granulation, clumping, or particulate matter throughout the
powder; 2) pH change; or 3) inability to promote growth when properly used.
The following information can be obtained from the Sigma Plant Cell Culture Catalog or by calling ext. 3952
at 1-800-521-8956 (USA) or 314-771-5765 (collect):
SPECIFICATIONS: Appearance: Dark gray powder
Moisture content: < 5.0%
Solubility: Black suspension
pH 0.5 at RT: 5.1
P-1056 3H218

TO ORDER:
FAX 1-800-325-5052
FAX 314-771-5757
USA/Canada 1-800-325-8070
USA 1-800-521-8956 ext. 3952
Dorset BH17 7NH, England * Tel: 0202 733114, 0800 373731
0800 447788 (customer svc) * Fax: Free 0800 378785 (orders)
SIGMA CHEMIE GmbH, Grnwalder Weg 30, W-8024 Deisenhofen,
Deutschland * Telefon: 089/613 01-0 * Telefax: 0130-6490 Service
Nummer: 0130-5155 (zum Nulltarif innerhalb Deutschlands)
SIGMA CHIMIE, L'Isle D'Abeau Chesnes, B.P. 701, 38297 St Quentin
Fallavier, Cedex, France * Numro Vert 05 21 14 08 Tlphone: 74 82
28 00 * Tlcopier: 74 95 68 08
ESPAA * Telephone: 34-1-6619977 * Fax: 34-1-6619642
SIGMA CHIMICA, (Div. della Sigma-Aldrich S.r.l.) Via Gallarate 154,
20151 Milano Italia * Telefono: (02) 33417-310 * Fax: (02) 38010-737
* Numero Verde 1678-27018
Telephone: 155 00 20 * Fax: 081 756 7420
SIGMA-ALDRICH PTY., LIMITED, Unit 2, 10 Anella Ave, Castle Hill
NSW 2154, Australia * Free Tel: 008-800-097 * Tel: 02-899-9977 Free
Fax: 008-800-096 * Fax 02-899-9742
SIGMA CHIMIE, K. Cardijnplein, 8, B-2880 Bornem, Belgi/Belgique
Free Tel: 078 11 47 47 * Tel: 03 889 13 01 * Free Fax: 078 11 47 45 *
Fax: 03 899 13 11 * From the Netherlands: Free Tel: 06 022 47 48 *
Free Fax: 06 022 47 45
SIGMA-ALDRICH CHEMICAL REPRESENTAOIS LTDA, Rua Sabar,
566 - Conj. 53, 01239-010 Sao Paulo, Sp, Brazil
Tel: (011) 231 1866 * Fax: (011) 257 9079
SIGMA-ALDRICH s.r.o., Krizikova 27, 180 00 Praha 8, Czechoslovakia
* Tel: 02 2366973 * Fax: 02 2364141
SIGMA-ALDRICH CORPORATION, B-4/158 Safdarjung Enclave, New
Delhi-110 029, India * Tel: 671175
P-6793
PHYTAMAX
TM
ORCHID MULTIPLICATION MEDIUM
This powder is extremely hygroscopic and must be protected from atmospheric
moisture. Do not open the container until its contents are allowed to warm to
room temperature. If possible the entire contents of the package should be used
immediately after opening.
Components: mg/L
Ammonium Nitrate............................................................... 825.0
6-Benzylaminopurine........................................................... 2.0
Boric Acid............................................................................ 3.10
Calcium Chloride Anhydrous................................................ 166.0
Cobalt Chloride Hexahydrate ............................................... 0.0125
Cupric Sulfate Pentahydrate................................................ 0.0125
Disodium EDTA Dihydrate................................................... 37.240
Ferrous Sulfate Heptahydrate.............................................. 27.850
Magnesium Sulfate Anhydrous ............................................ 90.350
Manganese Sulfate.............................................................. 8.450
MES (Free Acid).................................................................. 1000.0
Myo-Inositol ......................................................................... 100.0
-Naphthaleneacetic Acid.................................................... 0.50
Nicotinic Acid (Free Acid) .................................................... 0.50
Peptone Type I .................................................................... 2000.0
Potassium Iodide................................................................. 0.4150
Potassium Nitrate................................................................ 950.0
Potassium Phosphate Monobasic........................................ 85.0
Pyridoxine Hydrochloride ..................................................... 0.50
Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate ............................................... 0.1250
Thiamine Hydrochloride....................................................... 1.0
Sucrose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20000.0
Zinc Sulfate Heptahydrate ................................................... 5.30
PREPARATION: Preparing this medium in a concentrated form is not recommended
as some salt complexes may precipitate. Supplements may be added prior to
sterilization or added aseptically to a sterile medium. Certain supplements (i.e. heat
labile) may require filter sterilization and may affect the shelf life of the medium. The
basic steps for preparing the culture medium are the following:
ProductInformation
1. Using a container twice the size of the desired final volume, measure out
approximately 90% of the final required volume of tissue culture grade water (e.g.
Sigma Product No. W-3500). Example: 900 ml for a final volume of 1000 ml.
2. While stirring, add the powdered product.
3. Rinse the original container with a small volume of tissue culture grade water to
remove traces of the powder. Add to the solution in Step 2.
4. Add desired supplements (e.g. gelling agent, etc.).
5. While stirring, adjust to the desired pH (e.g. 5.6 +/- 0.1) using KOH, NaOH, or
HCl.
6. Add water to bring the medium to the final volume.
7. If a gelling agent is used, heat the solution to approx. 100
o
C while stirring.
8. Dispense the medium into culture vessels before or after autoclaving according
to your application. Add heat labile constituents after autoclaving.
9. Sterilize the medium in a validated autoclave at 1Kg/cm
2
(15 psi). The medium
should attain a temperature of 121
o
C for at least 15 min. Refer to the Sigma
Plant Cell Culture Catalog for recommended autoclave times for different
volumes.
o
C. Store dry powder in a desiccator.
Deterioration of powdered medium may be recognized by: 1) color change; 2) granulation, clumping,
or particulate matter throughout the powder; 3) insolubility; 4) pH change; or 5) inability to promote
growth when properly used.
The following information can be obtained from the Sigma Plant Cell Culture Catalog or by calling
ext. 3952 at 1-800-521-8956 (USA) or 314-771-5765 (collect):
SPECIFICATIONS: Appearance: light yellow with light tan cast
Moisture content: < 5%
Solubility: Clear solution w/ faint yellow cast
(Heating may be required to dissolve powder)
pH +/- 0.5 at 25
o
C before adjustment: 5.0
2H072

TO ORDER:
FAX 1-800-325-5052
FAX 314-771-5757
USA/Canada 1-800-325-8070
USA 1-800-521-8956 ext. 3952
Dorset BH17 7NH, England * Telephone: 0202 733114
(Charges Reversed) * Telex: 418242 - SIGMA G
SIGMA CHEMIE GmbH, Grnwalder Weg 30,
8024 Deisenhofen, Deutschland
Telefon: 089/613 01-0 * Service Telefon: 0130-5155
Service Fax: 0130-6490 (zum Nulltarif innerhalb Deutschlands)
SIGMA CHIMIE S.a.r.l., L'Isle d'Abeau Chesnes, B.P. 701,
38070 Saint Quentin Fallavier, Cedex, France
Telephone: 74 82 28 00 * Telex: 308215 - Sigma F
ESPAA * Telephone: 91-661 99 77 * Telex: 22189 SAQS-E
SIGMA CHIMICA, Via Gallarate 154, 20151 Milano - Italia
Telephone: 02-33417-330 * Fax: 02-38010-737
Telephone: 085 69721 * Telex: 855282
SIGMA CHEMICALS, Unit 2, 10 Anella Ave, Castle Hill, NSW 2154,
Australia * Telephone: 008-800-097 * Fax: 008-800-096
SIGMA CHIMICA, Bd. Lambermontiaan, 140B6
B-1030 Brussel/Bruxelles, Belgi /Belgique
Telephone: 32 (0) 2 242 8750 * Fax: 32 (0) 2 242 82 16
Laminar f low hood const r uct ion
I n a laminar f low hood t he air is passed t hr ough a HEPA (High Ef f iciency
Par t iculat es Air ) f ilt er which r emoves all air bor ne cont aminat ions t o maint ain
st er ile condit ions.
How a laminar flow hood functions
Why should I build a laminar flow hood
Choosing the right fan and filter
Construction manual
How to use a laminar flow hood

http://www.orchideenvermehrung.at/english/lfh/index.htm20/8/2009 13:43:21
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How a laminar f low hood f unct ions
I n a laminar f low hood t he air is passed t hr ough a HEPA (High Ef f iciency
Par t iculat es Air ) f ilt er which r emoves all air bor ne cont aminat ion t o maint ain st er ile
condit ions.
A laminar f low hood consist s of a f ilt er pad, a f an and a HEPA (High Ef f iciency
Par t iculat es Air ) f ilt er . The f an sucks t he air t hr ough t he f ilt er pad wher e dust is
t r apped. Af t er t hat t he pr ef ilt er ed air has t o pass t he HEPA f ilt er wher e
cont aminat ing f ungi, bact er ia, dust et c ar e r emoved. Now t he st er ile air f lows int o
t he wor king (f lasking) ar ea wher e you can do all your f lasking wor k wit hout r isk of
cont aminat ion.
I mpor t ant par amet er s t o make sur e t hat t he hood wor ks ef f icient ly:
q t he HEPA f ilt er has t o r emove all air bor ne mat er ials
q t he air speed in t he wor king ar ea has t o be about 0,5 m/ s
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The t wo t ypes of laminar f low hoods
Bef or e you st ar t building your f low hood you have t o decide if you pr ef er a ver t ical
or hor izont al air f low in t he f lasking ar ea. I n a ver t ical f low t he air moves f r om t he
t op of t he wor king ar ea t o t he bot t om and leaves t he f lasking ar ea t hr ough holes in
t he base. When you use a f low hood wit h hor izont al air f low t he air moves f r om t he
back of t he wor king ar ea t o t he f r ont .
hor izont al air f low ver t ical air f low

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Why should I build a laminar f low hood
Many gr ower s will be a lit t le be conf used why we built a laminar f low hood alt hough
t he st eam met hod wor ks f ine f or us. I n t he list below you can f ind t he adavant ages
and disadvant ages of bot h st er ile met hods.
St eam met hod
advant ages disadvant ages
q you can do it in almost ever y
kit chen
q does not r equir e a lot of
space
q low cost s
q limit ed space in t he st er ile
ar ea
q limit ed view because of t he
st eam
q plant mat er ial can not st ay in
t he st er ile ar ea because
t hey become t oo hot
q t he cont aminat ion r at e
incr eases r apidly when using
f lasks wit h wide lids because
of limit ed space in t he
st er ile ar ea

Laminar f low hood
advant ages disadvant ages
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q enough space in t he st er ile
ar ea
q plant mat er ial can st ay f or
longer t ime in t he st er ile
ar ea because it does not
become hot
q it s easier t o use bigger
f lasks wit h wide lids
q mor e expensive
q t he laminar f low hood needs
mor e space t han a pot
We pr act iced bot h met hods and now we can say t hat t he st eam met hod is good
enough if you want t o pr opagat e your own plant s. I f you ar e int er est ed in pr oducing
a high number of plant s or if you want t o do special t issue cult ur e (e.g. cut t ing
mer ist ems) we r ecommend you build a laminar f low hood.

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Choosing t he r ight blower and f ilt er
When we had t he choice bet ween a ver t ical and a hor izont al air f low we decided t o
use a hor izont al air f low. Bef or e we st ar t ed building t he hood we had t o choose t he
r ight f ilt er s and blower .
Choosing t he f ilt er s
To pr ef ilt er t he air t he company Luftfilterbau r ecommended us t he f ilt er pad HS-
E/ 360. To choose t he HEPA f ilt e you have t o keep in mind t he f ollowing t hings:
q t he HEPA f ilt er has t o r emove all (99,9 %) air bor ne mat er ial (f ilt er class H 14
accor ding t o EN 1822)
q t he HEPA f ilt er should be big enough t o have enough space available in t he
f lasking ar ea
We or der ed t he HEPA Filt er HS-Mikr o SF (30,5 cm widt h, 61 cm height and 7,8 cm
dept h).
On t he websit e of Luftfilterbau at "I nf o" you can f ind a ver y good guideline how t o
choose t he r ight f ilt er and how f ilt er s f unct ion.
Choosing t he blower
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When choosing t he blower we have t o make sur e t hat it is able t o t r anspor t t he
r equir ed quant it y of air t hr ough t he f ilt er pad and t he HEPA f ilt er . We know t he
dimension of t he HEPA f ilt er and t he r equir ed air speed in t he wor king ar ea (0,5 m/
s) so we t hen can calculat e t he air f low per hour .
widt h of t he HEPA f ilt er : 0,305 m
height of t he HEPA f ilt er : 0,61 m
r equir ed air speed: 0,5 m/ s

air f low = widt h * height * air speed =
= 0,305 m * 0,61 m * 0,5 m/ s =
= 0,093025 m / s
When we mult iply t his r esult by 3600 seconds (60 * 60) we get t he air f low in m / h.
air f low = 0,093025 m / s * 3600 = 334,89 m / h
On many english websit es you ll f ind t he air f low in Cubic Foot per Minut e (CFM)
and not in cubic met er s per hour (m / h). One f t (f oot ) is 0.3048 m so one cubic
f oot is 0,0283 m (0,3048 m * 0,3048 m * 0,3048 m).
1 m / h = 0,5886 CFM
1 CFM = 1,6990 m / h
I n t he next st ep we have t o r ead f r om t he diagr am below how much pr essur e is
necessar y t o t r anspor t 334,89 m / h air t hr ough t he HEPA Filt er . An air f low of
334,89 m / h is about 60% of t he nominal air f low so t he r equir ed pr essur e is 150
Pa.
Diagr am of t he HEPA f ilt er
Now we have all necessar y dat a t o choose a blower (334,89 m / h at 150 Pa). I n t he
pict ur e below you can see t he diagr am of our blower (cent r if ugal blower G2E140-
AI 28-01) which we bought f r om Ziehl-ebm GmbH.
Diagr am of t he blower
As you can see, t he blower is a lit t le bit st r onger t han r equir ed because of t he
f ollowing r easons.
q t he f ilt er pad slows down t he air f low slight ly
q af t er a while t he f ilt er s become dir t y and we need mor e power t o t r anspor t
t he same quant it y of air t hr ough t hem
q it is easier t o r egulat e and r educe t he blower slight ly t han buying a st r onger
one

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Const r uct ion manual
I n t he pict ur e below you can see t he plan of our laminar f low hood which we built of
19 mm pr ess boar ds. I t is r ecommended t o use a boar d made of t r anspar ent
plexiglas f or t he t op of t he st er ile f lasking ar ea t o let as much light in as possible.

Side view of t he laminar f low hood wit h open f ilt er unit
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I nst alling t he blower

I nst alling t he HEPA f ilt er

Complet e laminar f low hood
Cost list ing:
Blower (G2E140-AI 28-01): 114,30
Filt er pad (E360): 15,08
HEPA f ilt er (HS Mikr o SF 305 x 610 x 78 mm): 131,08
pr ess boar ds: 23,91
small par t s (scr ews ...): 20,00
Tot al: 304,37

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How t o use a laminar f low hood
Bef or e you st ar t f lasking in your laminar f low hood you should do t he f ollowing
act ions.
q Tur n on t he blower and wipe out t he st er ile ar ea wit h an alcohol soaked piece
of kit chen paper .
q Let t he blower r un cont inuously f or 30 minut es. When t his t ime has passed
r epeat t he wipe out of t he st er ile ar ea wit h an alcohol soaked piece of
kit chen paper .
The pict ur e below show t he st er ile ar ea of our laminar f low hood. For cut t ing plant s
we use a pet r i dish (made of glass) which we clean (st er ilize) wit h an alcohol soaked
piece of kit chen paper .

http://www.orchideenvermehrung.at/english/lfh/use.htm20/8/2009 13:44:02
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Lotte & Thomas orchids (plantlist)
Seedlings f or sale (20. J uly 2009)
Since a f ew year s we pr opagat e or chids in vit r o and we decided t o sell some of
t hem t o ot her or chid gr ower s. Bef or e sending out t he seedlings we t ake t hem out
of t heir f lasks and r emove t he media. This is t he sof t est way t o t r anspor t t hem
and it r educes t he weight of t he package a lot . We sell our plant only wit hin t he
EU !
seedlings r eady f or shipping (qualit y sample)

By def ault we send out t he par cels as a "let t er " because it s cheap and f ast .
Nor mally t he plant s ar r ive at t he cust omer s sit e wit hin 3-4 days.
cost s f or shipping
within Austria all other EU countries
5 seedlings 2,00 1,30
10 seedlings and more 2,00 2,30
Shipping is f r ee when your or der is 100 or higher .
I f you wish, we can send t he par cel out by using an ot her shipping met hode (e.g.
EMS, ...). The addinat ion cost s will be added t o your invoice.
You can also visit our lab which is locat ed in Neusiedl am See (see cont act ). Please
make an appoint ment because our lab is not a salesr oom wit h r egular opening hour s.
http://www.orchideenvermehrung.at/english/list/index.htm (1 de 3)20/8/2009 13:44:39

our lab
We accept t he EU cr ossbor der payment (I BAN & BI C) and www.paypal.com.
The minimum or der quant it y per species is 5 seedlings.
photo name price for 5 seedlings

big photo
Bulbophyllum echinolabium 10

big photo
Bulbophyllum lobbii (NEW) 10
on the internet Galeottia fimbriata (NEW) 10

big photo
Sarcochilus hartmannii 10
on the internet Stanhopea nigripes 10

big photo
Tolumnia spec. (Cuba) 10

Send us a not binding r equest
Please f ill out t he f ields Name, EMail and Message and click on t he but t on "send
r equest ". I f you do not have an EMail addr ess please wr it e down your phone number
in t he Message f ield and we will call you.
Name:
EMail:

send me a copy of t his r equest
Message:
inform me when new seedlings are available ...
send request
Pict ur es of our aust r ian nat ive or chids
Or chis pallens

Dact ylor hiza maculat a f uchsii
http://www.orchideenvermehrung.at/english/downloads/austrianorchids/fotos.htm (1 de 14)20/8/2009 13:45:41

Or chis mor io

Or chis milit ar is

Or chis ust ulat a

mor e Or chis species


Ophr ys sphegodes

Ophr ys insect if er a

Cypr ipedium calceolus


Epipact is at r or ubens

Neot t ia nidus-avis

List er a ovat a

Plat ant her a spec.

Cephalant her a r ubr a


Cephalant her a r ubr a

Anacampt is pyr amidalis

Pseudor chis albida

Coeloglossum vir ide

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Lotte & Thomas Orchideen
Lot t e & Thomas Or chideen
Aussaat
Nodienkultur
Links / Presse
Gstebuch
Startseite
Fotos / Bcher
diverse Berichte
Kontakt / Termine
sterile Werkbank
Pflanzenverkauf
Aussaatservice

Hallo und willkommen auf unser er
Webseit e !
Wir
beschr eiben
hier von uns
get est et e
bzw.
modif izier t e
Techniken
zur
Ver mehr ung
von
Or chideen.
Neben der
Aussaat gibt
es z.B. auch
noch r uhende
Knospen
(r uhende
Augen oder
Nodien) aus
denen man
komplet t e
Pf lanzen
ziehen kann.
Vom 21.- 23.
Aug. 2009
sind wir bei
den
Gar t enlust in
Halbt ur n mit
unser em
http://www.orchideenvermehrung.at/deutsch.htm (1 de 2)20/8/2009 13:46:02
Lotte & Thomas Orchideen
Ver kauf sst and
ver t r et en.
Dieses Mal
wer den wir
neben
unser en in
vit r o Kult ur en
(ca. 80
Ar t en)
wieder
blhf hige
Pf lanzen (ca.
200 Ar t en)
mit dabei
haben (siehe
Sonder list e).

let zt e nder ung: 20. J uli 2009
(Pf lanzenlist e)
english ver sion
http://www.orchideenvermehrung.at/deutsch.htm (2 de 2)20/8/2009 13:46:02

Lotte Thomas - Germinacion de Orquideas

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info o beoker ond odd disfiIIed

hof ore fhe sources of confominofions

) for minufes ogoin ond fhen

) exf puf fhem for minufes in

SIGMA CHEMICAL COMPANY, P.O. Box 14508, St. Louis,

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SIGMA CHEMICAL COMPANY, P.O. Box 14508, St. Louis,

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