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CHAPTER

3
3.1
Example

Circles II

Properties of Circles
CCTS
To solve problems

1 Solve the following problems.

O is the centre of the circle. PTOR is the diameter. If PT = 1 cm and TOR = 25 cm, find the length, in cm, of QTS. PTOR = 1 + 25 = 26 cm 1 OR = OS = 26 = 13 cm 2 S OT = 25 13 = 12 cm
O

(a) O is the centre of the circle. Given that PQ = SR = 16 cm and OR = 17 cm, find the length, in cm, of OU.
S T O P U Q R

PU =

1 16 = 8 cm 2

P Q T

TS2 = 132 122 TS = 5 cm QTS = 2 5 = 10 cm

OU2 + 82 = 172 OU2 = 225 OU = 15 cm

(b) K and M are the centres of two identical circles which touch at point L. Given that QR = 48 cm and MN = 7 cm, calculate the length, in cm, of JKLMN.
Q J K L M N P

(c) O is the centre of circle PQRS with a radius of 13 cm. Given that PQ = 10 cm and SR = 24 cm, find the length, in cm, of TOU.
P O T U S

R Q R

(d) O is the centre of the circle. QTOS and PTR are straight lines. Given that QT = 2 cm and TOS = 32 cm, find the length, in cm, of PTR
P O T R

(e) O is the centre of the circle. JONL and KNM are straight lines. Given that JN = 49 cm and LN = 1 cm, calculate the length, in cm, of KNM.
J

S K

O N L M

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3.2
Example

Properties of Angles in Circles

To evaluate

1 In the following diagrams, O is the centre of the circles. Find the value of x. CCTS

4 cm O x 12 cm 20

(a)
32
O x 6 cm

6 cm

(b)
O x 43

x = 3 20 = 60 (angles proportional to the lengths of arcs) (c)

x O 135

x = 32 (arcs of equal length subtend equal angles) (d)

55 x O

20

(e)

33 O x 0 10

2 In the following diagrams, O is the centre of the circles. Find the value of y.

Example
a y

O 35

a = 35 (angles in the same segment) a + y = 90 (angle at the circumference of a semicircle) y = 90 35 = 55

(a)
32 O y

y = 2 32 = 64 ( at the centre is twice the at the circumference) (d)

125 y

(b)
236 O y

(c)
y O

22

1 236 2 = 118 ( at the centre is twice the at the circumference) y =

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3 In the following diagrams, O is the centre of the circles. Find the value of x and of y.

Example
x O y 80

(a)
y x O a 65

x=

1 80 (angle at the centre is twice the 2 angle at the circumference) = 40 y = x (angles subtended by the same arc) = 40

x = 2 65 ( at the centre is twice the at the circumference) = 130 a = 2y a + x = 360 2y + 130 = 360 2y = 230 y = 115 (c)
70

(b)

x O y 60

O x

(d)

2x 3x y O

(e)

30

x y O 80

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3.3

Cyclic Quadrilaterals

In the following diagrams, O is the centre of the circles. Find the value of x and of y.

Example
105 110 O x y

1
60 O 72 x y

x + 105 = 180 (interior opposite angles) x = 75 y = 110 (exterior angle)

x + 60 x y + 72 y 3

= = = =

180 (interior opposite angles) 120 180 (interior opposite angles) 108

100 y O 55 a x

60 O y 50x 85

x = 100 (exterior angle) a = 80 (interior opposite angles) 55 + y + a = 180 y = 180 135 = 45 4

78 O 2x 3x y x

5
75 O

80

6
x

x x O y

7
35

x O y

120

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PMR Practice 3
Paper 1
Answer all questions. 1
Q L P x
DIAGRAM 1 75

O S x P
40

Diagram 1 shows a semicircle and PS is the diameter. The length of arc PQ is the same as the length of arc QR. The value of x is  A 30 C 50 B 45 D 60 2
Q x x U P
DIAGRAM 2

DIAGRAM 4

Diagram 4 shows a circle with centre O. The value of x is A 25 C 50  B 35 D 60

5
T
2003

Q P O S R x S

In Diagram 2, PUTR is the diameter of the circle. Given that QTS is a straight line, find the value of x.  C 35 A 20 B 30 D 40 3
2008

DIAGRAM 5

Diagram 5 shows a circle PQRS with centre O. Find the value of x. A 15 C 30  B 25 D 35

P 20 Q R DIAGRAM 3 x T

6
P Q

O S

DIAGRAM 6

Diagram 3 shows a circle PQRST with centre O. QOT is the diameter of the circle. The length of arc ST is twice the length of arc QR. Find the value of x.  A 30 C 40 B 35 D 60

Diagram 6 shows the cross-section of a pipe of radius 15 cm. The water level drops from PQ to RS such that PQ = RS = 18 cm. The water level drops by A 3 cm C 12 cm  D 24 cm B 6 cm

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7
2008

11
R S T

J x O N y M L

38 Q

105

K
DIAGRAM 7

DIAGRAM 11

In Diagram 7, PQRS is a cyclic quadrilateral and RST is a straight line. Find the value of QST.  C 113 A 143 B 133 D 108 12 8
2003

In Diagram 11, O is the centre of circle JKLM. JNL and ONM are straight lines. Find the value of x + y.  C 100 A 55 B 80 D 120
P

G H Q x D E
DIAGRAM 8

O x

DIAGRAM 12

In Diagram 8, DEF is a straight line. Find the value of x.  A 80 C 100 B 90 D 110 9

2003

In Diagram 12, O is the centre of circle PQRST. QOT is a straight line. Find the value of x. A 90 C 60  B 80 D 40 13
E y F C O D A B
DIAGRAM 13

x O Q y R
DIAGRAM 9

Diagram 9 shows a circle PQRS with centre O. Find the value of x + y.  C 300 A 180 B 260 D 360 10
U S O Q P R xx T

In Diagram 13, O is ECB and FCDA are value of y.  A 40 B 50 14

P

the centre of the circle. straight lines. Find the C 60 D 80

O Q S

13 cm

24 cm DIAGRAM 14

DIAGRAM 10

In Diagram 10, PQRS is the diameter of the circle with centre O. Find the value of x. A 50 C 25  D 20 B 40

In Diagram 14, O is the centre of the circle. POS and QSR are straight lines. Find the length, in cm, of POS.  C 18 A 12 B 16 D 25

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15
y

19
2004

V P Q R S T X W

x z

DIAGRAM 15

DIAGRAM 19

Diagram 15 shows a circle. Find the value of x + y + z. A 150 C 200  D 230 B 180 16
J

Diagram 19 shows four congruent circles with centres Q, R, S and T respectively. Given that VW = 16 cm and TX = 6 cm, calculate the length, in cm, of PX. A 36 C 42  D 46 B 40 20
D A

O K L

M
E B DIAGRAM 20 O C

DIAGRAM 16

In Diagram 16, O is the centre of circle JKLM. KOM is a straight line. Find the value of x. A 50 C 65  B 55 D 75 17
2004

Diagram 20 shows a circle ABCD with centre O. Given that AE = 2 cm and EC = 32 cm, find the length, in cm, of BED.  A 16 C 26 B 20 D 28 21
S

30 O x

2007

40
P O x 115 R

S Q DIAGRAM 17 DIAGRAM 21

In Diagram 17, PQRS is a circle with centre O. POR is the diameter and arc PQ = arc PS. Find the value of x.  C 120 A 60 B 90 D 150 18
2004

In Diagram 21, O is the centre of the circle. Find the value of x. A 15 C 30  B 25 D 45 22

Q 72 O S P
2x

J x y M 85 100 K DIAGRAM 18 L

2007

DIAGRAM 22

In Diagram 18, JKLM is a cyclic quadrilateral. Find the value of x + y. A 150 C 175  B 165 D 185

Diagram 22 shows a circle with centre O. Find the value of x. A 36 C 18  D 12 B 24

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23
2005

27

J 60 N y M K L

DIAGRAM 23

DIAGRAM 27

In Diagram 23, JKLM is a circle with centre O and TJK is a straight line. The value of x is A 80 C 40  D 30 B 70 24
O y 130

In Diagram 27, KN is the diameter of the circle. Given that the length of arcs JN and LN are equal, find the value of y. A 100 C 135  D 150 B 120 28
S x T O 30 Q DIAGRAM 28 R

120 P

DIAGRAM 24

Diagram 24 shows a circle with centre O. Calculate the value of y. A 25 C 40  B 35 D 45 25

O T S DIAGRAM 25 Q

In Diagram 28, O is the centre of the circle. POTR is the diameter and STQ is a straight line. Find the value of x. A 115 C 150  B 120 D 165 29
2006

Q 62 U R

DIAGRAM 29

Diagram 25 shows a circle with centre O. Given that QS = 10 cm and OQ = 13 cm, find the length, in cm, of PT. A 18 C 24  D 25 B 20 26
2 0

Diagram 29 shows a cyclic quadrilateral QRST. PQR and UQT are straight lines. Find the value of x.  C 118 A 108 B 112 D 128 30
J
2006

y O 60 140

K L

15

O y

M DIAGRAM 26 DIAGRAM 30

Diagram 26 shows a circle with centre O. Find the value of y.  C 110 A 70 B 105 D 120

Diagram 30 shows a circle with centre O and JK = ML. Find the value of y.  A 50 C 65 B 60 D 70

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31
2008

K 75 4y 80 L M J 5x N

32
2005

DIAGRAM 31

DIAGRAM 32

In Diagram 31, JKLM is a cyclic quadrilateral. LMN is a straight line. Find the value of x + y. A 35 C 45  B 40 D 50

In Diagram 32, KLMNP is a circle with centre O. Find the value of x.  C 70 A 20 B 40 D 90

Paper 2
Answer all questions. 1 In Diagram 1, O is the centre of the circle. Find the value of y. 2 In Diagram 2, MK is the diameter of the circle. Find the value of x.
L

O P y R

Q
DIAGRAM 1

Reflex angle POR = 2 140 = 280 ( at centre = 2 at circumference) y + 280 = 360 y = 80

M K N x P
DIAGRAM 2

L = 90 ( in semicircle) LMK + 55 + 90 = 180 LMK = 35 NMK = 145 35 = 110 x = 110

80 Answer: ______________ 3 In Diagram 3, O is the centre of the circle. PSR and QOS are straight lines. Find the value of x.
P S O x R Q
DIAGRAM 3

110 Answer: ______________ 4 In Diagram 4, O is the centre of the circle LMN. Given that LOM is a straight line, find the value of x.
N M x O

QOR = 2 65 = 130 x + 130 = 180 ( in st. line) x = 50

x + 50 = 90 x = 40

L
DIAGRAM 4

50 Answer: ______________

40 Answer: ______________

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5 In Diagram 5, BOD is the diameter of the circle with centre O. Find the value of x.
A x O B

6 In Diagram 6, O is the centre of the circle. Find the value of y.

x+

BDC = 90 ( in semicircle) x + 70 = 90 x = 20

y O
DIAGRAM 6

y + 70 = 180 (interior y = 110 opposite angles)

DIAGRAM 5

20 Answer: ______________ 7 Diagram 7 shows a circle with centre O. Find the value of x + y + z. z = 28 (s in x = 28 the same y + 34 + 34 = 180 segment) y = 112 x+y+z = 28 + 28 + 112 = 168

110 Answer: ______________ 8 Diagram 8 shows a circle LMNPQR. Find the value of x + y.
M N y

RLP = 60 MLP + y = 180

O y x
DIAGRAM 7

x P R Q

(interior opposite angles) x + y = 60 + 180 = 240

DIAGRAM 8

168 Answer: ______________ 9 In Diagram 9, O is the centre of the circle PRQ. Find the value of y.
R P y Q O

240 Answer: ______________ 10 Diagram 10 shows a circle ABCD. AEC and BED are straight lines. Find the value of x.

Reflex angle POQ = 240 240 y = _____ 2 = 120

A x E D

x + 45 + 70 = 180 x = 180 115 = 65 (Sum of s of )

DIAGRAM 9

DIAGRAM 10

120 Answer: ______________

65 Answer: ______________

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11 Diagram 11 shows a circle with centre O. Find the values of x and y.

A D B x C

y O

12 In Diagram 12, O is the centre of circle PQRS. POTR and STQ are straight lines. If POT = 18 cm and STQ = 24 cm, find the length of the radius of the circle.
P

S
DIAGRAM 11

O T

84 x = ___ = 42 2 y + y + 84 = 180 2y = 96 y = 48

(at centre = 2 at circumference)

DIAGRAM 12

By Pythagoras theorem, (18 x)2 + 122 = 324 36x + x2 + 144 = (18 x) 468 36x = O x= x S Q Radius = 13 cm 12 T 12
x R

x2 x2 0 13

x = 42, y = 48 Answer: _________________ 13 Diagram 13 shows a circle. Find the values of m and n.

13 cm Answer: ______________

2m 3m

2m + 3m 5m m n

= = = =

180 180 36 95

14 In Diagram 14, O is the centre of the circle of radius 13 cm. PQR and STU are straight lines. XQOTY is the diameter. Given that PQR = 10 cm and STU = 24 cm, find the length of QOT.
S P Q X R T Y

DIAGRAM 13

OQ2 OQ OT2 OT QOT

= = = = =

132 52 12 132 122 5 17 cm

m = 36, n = 95 Answer: ____________________ 15 In Diagram 15, O is the centre of the circle. Calculate the value of x.
P 120 O 85 S DIAGRAM 15 x R Q

DIAGRAM 14

17 cm Answer: ______________

16 In Diagram 16, O is the centre of the circle. Find PRQ.

DIAGRAM 16

PQO = (180 120) 2 = 30 PQR = 180 85 = 95 x = 95 30 = 65

65 Answer: ______________

PQR = 180 65 = 115 RPQ = 1 (70) = 35 2 PRQ = 180 115 35= 30

30 Answer: ______________

30