Direct and Indirect Speech

Quando falamos o que disse, conta, pedi, pergunta um a outra pessoa existe duas maneiras: O discurso direto em ingls, chamado de direct speech repete-se ao p da letra a fala da pessoa. Consiste em perodos simples. O discurso indireto em ingls, chamado de indirect speech ou reported speech relata-se com as nossas palavras o que a pessoa falou. Consiste em perodo composto. Exemplo: Direct Speech - Kitty said, Im very happy. (Kitty disse, eu estou muito feliz.) Indirect Speech - Kitty said that she was very happy. (Kitty disse que estava muito feliz.) Algumas sugestes que devem ser usadas para a transformao e formao dos discursos diretos e indiretos:

DIRECT SPEECH Simple present Simple past Present perfect Simple future Imperative

INDIRECT SPEECH Simple past Past perfect Past perfect Conditional Infinitive

Exemplos: Mary said, I study every day. (simple present) Mary disse, estudo todo dia. Mary said (that) she studied every Day. (simple past) Mary disse que estudava todo dia. Susan said, I studied yesterday. (simple past) Susan disse, (eu) estudei ontem. Susan said (that) she had studied the day before. (past perfect) Susan disse que tinha estudado no dia anterior. Leo said, I have studied. (present perfect) Leo disse, eu estudei. Tobby said, I will study tomorrow. (simple future) Tobby disse, estudarei amanh. Tobby said (that) he would study in the following day. (conditional) Tobby disse que estudaria no dia seguinte. Carol said to him, study hard. (imperative) Carol disse a ele, estude bastante.

DIRECT SPEECH Can May Must Should Ought

INDIRECT SPEECH Could Might Had to Should Ought

Liz said, I can go. / Liz said (that) she could go. Jane said, I may go. / Jane said (that) she might go. Paul said, I must go. / Paul said (that) he had to go. John said, I should go. / John said (that) he should go. She said, I ought to go. / She said (that) she ought go. Quando queremos reproduzir as informaes que algum nos relatou, podemos faz-lo de duas formas. So elas:

Discurso direto (direct speech) quando relatamos o que algum disse, usando as mesmas palavras que a pessoa utilizou: She said, I love you. => Ela disse eu te amo. Discurso indireto (indirect speech ou reported speech) quando relatamos o que foi dito com as nossas prprias palavras: She said (that) she loved me. => Ela disse que me amava.

Nesse exemplo, podemos perceber que ao passar a frase para o discurso indireto temos que mudar o tempo verbal, alguns pronomes e at advrbios. Vamos observar: Direct speech Indirect speech/Reported speech She said, I am sad today. (Ela disse euShe said that she was sad that day. (Ela disse que estou triste hoje.) estava triste naquele dia.) She said that she had listened to music the day She said, I listened to music yesterday. before. (Ela disse que tinha ouvido msica no dia (Ela disse eu ouvi msica ontem.) anterior.) She said, I will travel tomorrow. (Ela disseShe said that she would travel the next day. (Ela eu vou viajar amanh.) disse que iria viajar no dia seguinte.) She said, I am going out now. (Ela disseShe said that she was going out then. (Ela disse que eu estou saindo agora.) estava saindo em seguida.) She said that she had been sleeping an hour before. She said, I was sleeping an hour ago. (Ela (Ela disse que tinha estado dormindo uma hora disse eu estava dormindo uma hora atrs.) antes.) She said, I have studied here. (Ela disseShe said that she had studied there. (Ela disse que eu tenho estudado aqui.) tinha estudado l.) She said, I can do this. (Ela disse euShe said that she could do that. (Ela disse que posso fazer isso.) poderia fazer aquilo.) She said, I must work. (Ela disse eu tenhoShe said that she had to work. (Ela disse que tinha que trabalhar.) que trabalhar.) Observe a mudana verbal no quadro: Direct speech Indirect speech/ Reported speech Simple present Simple past Simple past Past perfect Will Would Present continuous Past continuous Past continuous Past perfect continuous

Present perfect Can (modal) Must (modal)

Past perfect Could To have to

Usamos "Reported Speech" (discurso indireto) para relatar o que aconteceu em um dilogo, sem qure precisemos usar aspas ou fazer sitaes. O "Reported Speech" faz com que o texto fique mais bonito, organizado e fcil de ler. Ex.: Direct Speech --> He said: "I don't want to go to school." Reported Speech --> He said he didn't want to go to school. Para relatar uma frase que foi dita por algum no passado, usamos um verbo introdutrio, como say, tell, explain, em sua forma no passado (said, told, explained), e depois a frase dita, com as devidas alteraes de acordo com a tabela abaixo:

Direct Speech Simple Present

Reported Speech Simple Past

Example He said: "I want some oranges." He said he wanted some oranges. They said: "We are studying hard." They said they were studying hard. She said: "I needed you, but uou weren't here." She said she had needed him, but he hadn't beenthere. Tom said: "I was talking to Mary." Tom said he had been talking to Mary. They said: "We've worked together." They said they had worked together. I said: "I'm going to visit Jim"! I said I was going to visit Jim" She told me: "I must hurry up." She told me she had to hurry up.

Present Continuous

Past Continuous

Simple Past

Past Perfect

Past Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous

Present Perfect

Past Perfect

Going to- Future

was/were going to.

Must

Had to*

Ateno! Pronomes Pessoais, Pronomes Objetivos, Pronomes e Adjetivos Possessivos devem ser trocados de acordo com o contexto da frase: Ex.: "I will call my father", said Angela. --> Angela said she would call her father.