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Outline
Web Evolution Cloud Computing Cloud Computing Opportunities
Web Evolution
Web Evolution
Machine to Human => Static Web page, PDF, search engine Human to Machine => Dynamic Web page, Flash, Online game
HTML, PDF
Status packets
Users
Web/FTP Server
Administrator
Users
Command packets
Game Server
Administrator
Administrator
User
User
6
Administrator
User
Administrator
Cloud Computing
Types of Clouds
Hybrid Cloud
Public Cloud
Private Cloud
Service Users
Private Cloud
A cloud computing-like environment within the boundaries of an organization and typically for its exclusive usage
Hybrid Cloud
Enterprises will likely move part of their IT to Public Cloud
Public facing web sites B2C & B2B transactions
Copyright 2012 ITRI/CCMA
Major Features Commodity H/W All-layer-2 data center network architecture Touch cooling-based thermal management Light-out management Fast deployment
Copyright 2012 ITRI/CCMA
10
Unification of all CPU, memory, networking and storage resources - Virtualization enables software-definable partition
Source: Webtorials
12 Copyright 2012 ITRI/CCMA
Virtualization
The potential of cloud computing is that of a flexible, shared pool of preconfigured and integrated computing resources that enables organizations to deliver better IT services faster, more reliably, and at a lower cost than with traditional data center models. The foundation for cloud computing is pervasive virtualization; the use of virtualized applications and operating systems throughout the enterprise and at every application tier.
Ref: http://www.vce.com/pdf/solutions/vce-vblock-infrastructure-technical-verview.pdf
14 Copyright 2012 ITRI/CCMA
Virtualization
Virtualization
VM VM VM
VM VM VMVM VM VMVM VMVM VMVMVM VMVMVM VMVMVM VMVMVM VMVMVM VMVM VMVM VMVM VM VM VM
16 Copyright 2012 ITRI/CCMA
Virtualization
With more VMs per server, I/O requirements increase proportionally. Switch: High port density and port speed Hypervisor vSwitch issues VM-VM traffic on the physical server is isolated from the rest of the network Edge Virtual Bridging (EVB) Virtual Ethernet Port Aggregator (VEPA) IT organizations are increasingly deploying hypervisors from multiple vendors Distributed Virtual Switching (DVS) Control plane - External centralized management system Data planes Open vSwitch
17 Copyright 2012 ITRI/CCMA
Virtualization
VM migration Retain the its IP address VM needs to be on the same VLAN Migrates the VMs between disparate data center The data center LAN shall be extended across physical locations or data centers Requires at least 622Mbps for bandwidth and less than 5ms of round trip latency (Source: VCE) Migrate the data space associated with a virtual machine to the secondary storage location MPLS/VPLS, GRE, VXLAN
18 Copyright 2012 ITRI/CCMA
Virtualization
One of the characteristics of cloud computing is increased reliance on the network => WAN
Virtual machine migration Virtual Desktops Collaboration Mobile Workers
Virtualization
How to ensure acceptable application and service delivery over a WAN
WAN Optimization Controllers (WOCs) Application Delivery Controllers (ADCs) Virtual appliances
Virtualization
WAN Optimization Controllers (WOCs) Improve the performance of applications and services that are delivered across a WAN Traffic compression Traffic caching TCP optimization (ex: HSTCP HighSpeed TCP) Open-source OpenNOP WANProxy TrafficSqueezer Vendors Cisco, Citrix, Exinda
21 Copyright 2012 ITRI/CCMA
Virtualization
Application Delivery Controllers (ADCs) Improve the performance of servers Traditional SLB SSL offload => SSL Proxy Application firewall DOS attack prevention Response time monitor Delay: client site, network, ADC, server site Support SLAs for guaranteed user response time Support for server virtualization Control APIs (ex: SOAP) Vendors Array Networks, Brocade/Foundry, Cisco Systems, Citrix NetScaler, F5 Networks BIG-IP 22 Nortel/Alteon, Radware, Zeus Technology
Copyright 2012 ITRI/CCMA
Virtualization
Virtual appliances
Example
Two or more appliances (ADCs) can be combined to appear as a single logical ADC A single physical ADC can be partitioned into a number of logical ADCs WOC, ADC, firewall, route
Easy to deploy application optimization functionality at a CCSPs data center Cost: Software-based < hardware-based
23 Copyright 2012 ITRI/CCMA
Achieve high levels of management integration across the data center or the cloud.
2011
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Cloud computing Virtualization Mobile technologies IT Management Business Intelligence (BI) Networking, voice, & data communications 7. Enterprise applications 8. Collaboration technologies 9. Infrastructure 10.Web 2.0
Virtualization Cloud computing Web 2.0 Networking, voice, & data communications Business Intelligence (BI) Mobile technologies Document mgmt & Storage Service oriented applications & architecture Security technologies IT management
Source: Gartner
Industry hypothesis is that clouds will be driven by scale. However to capitalize on this, providers must address the server management cost problem, not just CAPEX
Source: IBM Corporate Strategy analysis of IDC data, Sept. 2007
Cloud Opportunity@ TW
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Service Ecosystem
APP APP APP
Professional Services
System Integration
Tech Support
What Cloud?
Source: MIC20123
34 Copyright 2011 ITRI/CCMA
Hotel
Furnished Apartment
Unfurnished Apartment
SaaS
Unstoppable wave
SMB industry will significantly reduce their in-house IT budget and move their Back-office to the cloud
Email Backup/Archive Online conference Collaboration & Document management
Security will continue to be major concern for large Enterprises Birth of Data Center Industry
Container Computer for high efficiency and environmental conservation (Packaging, PUE, ) Bundled software (Cloud OS) for integrated service, high scalability, and availability
High Availablity
?
Server Capacity Server Density and Manageability Container Scalability
Timing is right
Data Center Budget
Technology Push
Broadband network connectivity getting faster and more reliable Internet service availability significantly improved Sufficient trust in infrastructure providers By many measures, Google is already a critical service for most of the world, and it is in the cloud! Big Data Software install on premise Software as a service (SaaS) Information technology (IT) on premise IT service as a rented utility (as in electricity)
IT should not and will not be a core competence for most corporations
Nicholas Carrs - Does IT matter? and The Big Switch
25%
Servers 15% 45% Power distribution & Cooling Power Draw (utility) 15% Network
Market Pull
Lowering up-front and day-to-day IT cost: pay only as much as actual resource usage
Container Computer
Major features:
All-layer-2 data center network architecture (Ciscos FabricPath) Scalable Internet edge appliance functionality Touch cooling-based thermal management Light-out management
Containerization
Unification of all CPU, memory, networking and storage resources - Virtualization enables software-definable partition
Storage Server
Cloud OS
Service Provider
Provision and Deploy
DataCenter Operator
Physical Cluster
Cloud Application Developer Cloud Service Provider
50
Monitor, Diagnose and Configure Monitor and Configure Physical Resources Copyright 2012 ITRI/CCMA Virtual Resources
Design Goals
Cloud OS
Scheduling, placement, and migration High availability and scalability Inter-VM/VDC protection L3/L7 firewall
PDCM
ticket
GLPI
Zenoss
event
Unified Logger
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VDC, VC, VM provisioning Virtual Data Center Virtual Data Center Resource scheduling Image Repository VCluster Vcluster VCluster Load Balancing Failover Live Migration v v v v v v v v v v v v Auto-scaling mmm m mmm m mmm m Monitoring Usage Statistics PM PM PM PM
APs APs APs OS OS OS APs OS APs APs APs OS OS OS APs OS APs APs APs OS OS OS APs OS
APs
OS
OS OS OS
SLB
Web server
Web servers
59
Security
A.Inter-VDC Isolation
1.Virtual Machine Packet Filter
B.Virtual Appliance
1.Host-based Intrusion Detection System 2.Layer7 Filter 3.Security Policy (Firewall) B 4.WAF 5.Authentication Services
vm APs OS
vm vm vm APs OS APs OS
vm APs OS
vm APs
vm APs
Node
APs OS
OS OS Node OS OS OS OS OS
OS Node
Auto-scaling
Scale up
100.00% 90.00% 80.00% 70.00% 60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% 0 20 40 60 80 100 Time 120
Low watermark
Scale down
140 160 180 200
Breach duration
Power management
Turn off idle PMs Prediction for avoiding oscillation
Security: setup security on target PM for new VM; setup cluster level security policy Storage: detach source volume, attach target volume Meta information: remove from source PM, restore to target PM
candidate to be turned off
10
15
E=20
B=20
A=65
C=60
64
PM1
PM2
PM3
PM1
PM2
PM3
VM
Die
Monitor Hypervisor
66
Monitor
VM Failover
Status monitoring
VRM monitors both VM and PM PM agent reflects VM status to VRM Invalidate a PM if it fails the health check Invalidate a VM if it disconnects for 60 seconds
VM failover
Persistent VM data, stored in shared Cloud storage VM level
Automatically restart a crashed VM Provided by the hypervisor (currently Xen 3.1)
PM level
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PDCM notifies VRM upon detection of defective PM VRM reallocates VMs on a defective PM to other PMs
Copyright 2012 ITRI/CCMA
Demo
Architecture
Video servers
XEN
Notebook2
Load balance
Video servers
XEN
Notebook2
Fail over
Video servers
XEN
Notebook2
Sensor User
Admin
User
User Admin User User
Sensor Sensor Sensor Sensors: detect the temperature or humidity, etc to do argument reality Sensor
Q&A
-- Thanks
74 Copyright 2012 ITRI/CCMA
Container Computers
VRM Landscape
Commercial Solutions
VMware vCloud - http://www.vmware.com/solutions/cloud-computing/ Citrix Essentials for XenServer http://www.citrix.com/English/ps2/products/subfeature.asp?contentID=1686947 VMOps http://www.vmops.com Xen Cloud Project - http://www.xen.org/products/cloudxen.html Eucalyptus Project - http://open.eucalyptus.com/ Open Nebula - http://www.opennebula.org/ Nimbus - http://workspace.globus.org/ Trend (TCloud Computing) Amazon Web Service http://aws.amazon.com/ GoGrid - http://www.gogrid.com/ Rackspace Cloud Computing - http://www.rackspacecloud.com/ Convirture http://www.convirture.com
Copyright 2012 ITRI/CCMA
Open Source
Hosting Solution
Open vSwitch
Management Interface
NetFlow, sFlow, SPAN, RSPAN, CLI