DHAANISH AHMED COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

An ISO 9001-2008 Certified Institution (Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai)

Department of Mechanical Engineering

ME2307- DYNAMICS LAB MANUAL

PREPARED BY

Mr.P.PRINCE PACKIARAJ M.Tech,(PhD). Assistant Professor

Sub: Dynamics Lab

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sl.No

Date of Experiment

Name of the Experiment No

Marks

Staff Initial

Remarks

Determination of speed and sensitivity for watt governor

Determination of speed and sensitivity for proell governor

Determination of speed and sensitivity for porter governor

Determination of speed and sensitivity for hardnell governor

Determination of moment of inertia by oscillation method

6 Cam study model

Determination of whirling speed of shaft

Sub: Dynamics Lab 8 Balancing of rotating mass

Verification of gyroscopic relation

10

Study on balancing of reciprocating mass

11

Determination of natural frequency in vibrating table

12

Multi degree of freedom suspension

13

Determination of natural frequency of transverse vibration

Sub: Dynamics Lab DETERMINATION OF SPEED AND SENSITIVITY FOR DET ERMI SPEE NSI WATT GOVERNOR WATT GOV DATE: EXP NO: Aim:

To determine the speed and sensitivity of the Watt Governor. Apparatus Requ ired: 1.Watt governor set up. 2.tachometer 3.dimmer For mula: 1. Speed, N = (895/h) rpm h-sleeve lift 2. Sensitivity= N/N2-N1 N2-Maximum speed N-Mean speed Procedu re: 1. The watt governor assembly is mounted over the spindle. 2. The motor is started and speed is adjusted. Speed is measured with the help of tachometer. 3. Due to this centrifugal force the sleeve will be rise, the speed and the sleeve height are noted. 4. By using the formula the speed of the governor is calculated. 5. The experiment is repeated at different speed and force. N1-Minimum speed

Sub: Dynamics Lab Tabu lat ion:

Sl.no

Motor speed (rpm)

Sleeve lift (h) (mm)

Governor speed (N) (rpm)

Calculatio n:

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Result: At different motor speed the sleeve lift are noted and corresponding governor speed and sensitivity are calculated.

Sub : Dynamics Lab DETERMINATION OF SPEED AND SENSITIVITY FOR DET ERMI SPEE NSI PROELL GOVERNOR GOV Date: Exp No: Aim:

To determine the speed and sensitivity of the proell Governor.

Apparatus Requ ired: 1.Proell governor. 2.Tachometer. 3.Dimmer. For mula: N = FM/BM x (m+M/m) x 895/h. Where, FM/BM-proell link ratio =0.57. M-mass of the sleeve assembly=2.25kg m-mass of the ball = 0.092 kg. h-sleeve lift

Sensitivity=N/N2-N1

N2-Maximum speed N-Mean speed

N1-Minimum speed

Procedu re: 1. The proell governor assembly is mounted over the spindle. 2. The motor is started and speed is adjusted. Speed is measured with the help of tachometer. 3. Due to this centrifugal force the sleeve will be rise, the speed and the sleeve height are noted. 4. By using the formula the speed of the governor is calculated. 5. The experiment is repeated at different speed and force.

Sub: Dynamics Lab Tabu lat ion: Sl.NO MOTOR SPEED (rpm) SLEEVE LIFT(h) (mm) GOVERNORSPEED( N) rpm

Calculatio n:

Result: At different motor speed the sleeve lift are noted and corresponding governor speed and sensitivity are calculated.

Sub: Dynamics Lab DETERMINATION OF SPEED AND SENSITIVITY FOR DET ERMI SPEE NSI PORTER GOVERNOR TER GOV Date: Exp No: Aim:

To determine the speed and sensitivity of the porter governor. Apparatus requ ired: 1. Porter governor. 2. Tachometer. 3. Dimmer. For mula: 1. Governor speed n = (m+M/m) * (895/h) rpm. M-mass of the sleeve assembly =2.25 kg m-mass of the each ball=0.225 kg 2. Sensitivity= N/N2-N1 N-Mean speed N1-Minimum speed Procedu re: 1. The porter governor assembly is mounted over the spindle. 2. The motor is started and speed is adjusted. Speed is measured with the help of tachometer. 3. Due to this centrifugal force the sleeve will be rise, the speed and the sleeve height are noted. 4. By using the formula the speed of the governor is calculated. 5. The experiment is repeated at different speed and force. N2-Maximum speed h-sleeve lift

Sub: Dynamics Lab Tabu lat ion: S.No Motor Speed (rpm) Sleeve Lift (h) (mm) Governor speed (N) (rpm)

Calculatio n:

Result: At different motor speed the sleeve lift are noted and corresponding governor speed and sensitivity are calculated.

Sub : Dynamics Lab DETERMINATION OF SPEED AND SENSITIVITY FOR DET ERMI SPEE NSI HART NELL GOVERNOR HAR NELL GOVE Date: Exp No: Aim:

To determine the speed and sensitivity of the Hart Nell governor.

Apparatus Requ ired: 1. Hart Nell governor 2. Tachometer. 3. Dimmer. For mula: 1. Governor speed n = (m+M/m) * (895/h) rpm. M-mass of the sleeve assembly =2.25 kg m-mass of the each ball=0.225 kg h-sleeve lift

2. Sensitivity= N/N2-N1

N-Mean speed N1-Minimum speed

N2-Maximum speed

Procedu re: 1. The porter governor assembly is mounted over the spindle. 2. The motor is started and speed is adjusted. Speed is measured with the help of tachometer. 3. Due to this centrifugal force the sleeve will be rise, the speed and the sleeve height are noted. 4. By using the formula the speed of the governor is calculated. 5. The experiment is repeated at different speed and force.

Sub: Dynamics Lab Tabu lat ion: Sl.No Motor Speed (rpm) Sleeve Lift (h) (mm) Governor speed (N) (rpm)

Calculatio n:

Sub: Dynamics Lab

Result: At different motor speed the sleeve lift are noted and corresponding governor speed and sensitivity are calculated.

Sub: Dynamics Lab DETERMINATION OF MOMENT OF INERTIA DET ERMI INER BY OSCILATION Date: Exp No: Aim:

To determine the moment of inertia by oscillation method. Apparatus Requ ired: 1. Fly wheel 2. Chucks Formula Used: 1. Polar moment of inertia (J) = /32xd m d-dia of the connecting rod ends 2. Torsional Rigidity (q) =GJ/l N-M G-Modulus of rigidity of material=0.79x10 l-Length of the connecting rod 3. Moment of Inertia (I) =4q/ f =4qt p/ Procedu re: 1. The connecting rod for which the moment of inertia is to be found is fixed the inner diameter of the rod is measured by various points. 2. The mean diameter is taken as the diameter of the rod. 3. The rod is fixed at both at the top of the chuck and the flywheel and the length between two points is measured then a small twist is given to the flywheel and is released. 4. The time taken for the 5 oscillation is noted in the tabular column. 5. The same experiment is repeated for various lengths and at different diameter the experiment is done by adding the weight of flywheel and the reading are noted down.
2 2 2 2 11 4 4

3. Main Frame 4. Connecting rod.

kg-m

Sub: Dynamics Lab Tabu lat ion: Length of rod (mm) Diameter of rod (mm) Moment of inertia Kg-m
2

Sl.no

End position

T (sec)

tp = t/n

Calculatio n:

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Result: Thus the moment of inertia of the given rod is calculated and tabulated.

Sub: Dynamics Lab CAM STUDY MODEL TUDY Date: Exp No: AIM:

To draw the displacement diagram for various cam profile and various followers. APPARATUS REQUIRED: 1) Experimental setup 2) Flat, Roller, Knife edge follower 3) Cams

PROCEDURE: 1.Taka a paper of size 40cm x 15cm, use scale for x-axis as 1cm = 10 of rotation of cam. 2.Take height of lift as10cm. 3. Plot displacement diagram for given cam profile. 4.Fit graph paper on drum. set 0 as a starting point to lift. 5.Give gradual rotation to complot displacement diagram on graph. 6.Compare solution obtained by graphical. Do this for other cam profile and follower.

Sub: Dynamics Lab Tabu lat ion: Roller follower Degree Displacement Mushroom follower Degree Displacement Knife edge follower Degree Displacement

Calculatio n:

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RESULT : Thus the displacement diagrams are drawn for the given follower and various cams.

Sub : Dynamics Lab DETERMINATION OF WHIRLING SPEED DET ERMI SPEE OF THE SHAFT Date: Exp No:

Aim: To determine the whirling speed of a shaft at various supporting condition.

Apparatus requ ired: 1. Whirling shaft apparatus 3. Tachometer 2. Various support and bearings. 5. Steel rule

4. Vernier caliper

Formula Used: 1. Deflection =h2-h1 cm h1-minimum deflection, h2-maximum deflection

2. Whirling speed=1/2 g/ rpm g-gravity 9.81

Procedu re: 1. First fixing the arrangement, are selected. 2. The shafts are fixed firmly on the suitable bearing and tighten it. 3. Then the motor is switched on and speed of the motor is increased. 4. The modes of shaft vibration are noted. By using the formula the frequency at various vibrations calculated. 5. Same procedure repeated using various diameter (4,6 and 8mm) of shaft.

Sub: Dynamics Lab Tabu lat ion:

Sl.No

Diameter of shaft (mm)

Length of shaft (cm)

Speed (N) rpm

Weight of the shaft per unit length (w) h1 (cm) h2 (cm) (cm)

Whirling speed (rpm)

Cal cultion:

Result: Thus the whirling speed of the various shaft at various end condition are calculated.

BALANCING OF ROTATING MASS Date: Exp No

Aim: To verify the balancing using the rotating machine element.

Apparatus requ ired: 1. Balancing rotary system 2. Masses.

Procedu re:

1.To order of the basic operation involved with respect to static balancing as following 2.Then the mass should be fixed in one side of the stud and its angle to be adjusted with the help of angular scale and its radil can be corrected with the help of vernier caliper. 3.Angular displacement between the masses Is calculated by force diagram through known value of mass and radil. 4.Fix the masses to the calculated angular displacement using angular scale. 5.Now switch on the motor. 6.By changing the sped of the motor, check it out for vibration for running 7.Add by changing the mass with different radil and find out the angular displacement among the mass for balancing the system

Tabu lat ion: Sl.No Plane A B C D

Mass Radius

Calculatio n:

Result: Thus the Balancing Of Rotating Machine Was Verified.

VERIFI CA TION OF GYROSCOPIC RELATION Date: Exp No:

Aim: To analysis the gyroscopic effect using the test setup and verify the gyroscopic rules of plane disc.

Apparatus Requ ired: 1. Gyroscopic setup. 2. Weight 3. Tachometer

Technical Dat a: 1.Rotor diameter (d) = 30 cm. 2.Rotor thickness (t) = 8cm. 3.Distance of weight pan bolt centre to disc center (l) = 260 mm. 4.Weight of the rotor = 7kg. Formula Used: 1. Precision ratio (wp) = 2 n/60 rad/ sec. 2. Angular velocity (w)=d/dt X /180 rad/sec d-change in degree dt-time taken in sec

3. Gyroscopic effect (c) = I..P 4. Torque, t = wxr Where, w = weight of the rotor. r = distance between weight pan centre to disc centre. 5. I = mr /2 Kg-m .
2 2

m-mass of the rotor kg

6. Percentage of error = (T-C)/T X 100.

Procedu re: 1.Switch on the supply. 2.Set the require speed of the regulator as constant. 3.Add the load as kg, 1kg etc. 4.Angle of precision d i.e. Measured. 5.Loose the lock screw, start the stop watch and note down. 6.Watch the particular interval and time. 7.Take the reading n different load. 8.Repeat the equipment maintaining load as constant and varying the speed. 9.Do the calculation. Tabu lat ion: Speed Of Disc (rpm) Added weight (gm) d (degree) dt (sec)

Angular velocity rad/sec ()

Applied couple on tachometer (Tact)

Precision ratio (p) rad/sec

Gyroscopic Effect c N-m

Sub: Dynamics Lab

Calculatio n:

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Result: Thus the Gyroscopic relation was verified.

Sub: Dynamics Lab STUDY ON BALANCING OF RECI PROCAT ING MASS STUD LAN

Date: Exp No:

Aim: To study the behavior of vibration due to the unbalanced mass in reciprocating parts.

Apparatus requ ired: Balancing of reciprocating mass system masses.

Procedu re:

1.Initially all weights and bolts are removed then the motor is started. The speed of the motor is increased due to the unbalanced masses, the vibration will be created. The vibration Is observed. 2.The speed is noted down. Now the speed is increased and the vibrations are all so noted down. The motor is switched off then some weights added on the piston top. The weights may be added on the piston top. The weights may be added either eccentrically (or) coaxially. Now the motor is started the vibrations are observed at the tested speed noted in the previous case. If still the vibration are observed. One of the following has to be done to eliminate the unbalance forces 3.Some weights are added in opposites direction of crank and the engine run and the vibration, are observed at the tested speed. 4.Combination of both the above cases. The speeds, the weight added on piston, diameter at which the weights are added are noted down at different case. Result: The vibrations due the unbalanced forces in the reciprocating masses are studied.

Sub: Dynamics Lab

DETERMINATION OF NATURAL FREQUENCY DET ERMI NAT EQUEN USING VIBRATING TABLE USI BRA TAB Date: Exp No: Aim:

To find natural frequency of free vibration and forced vibration using vibration table. Apparatus Requ ired: 1) Spring 2) mass 3) damper 4) stopwatch 5) steel rule.

Formula Used: Natural Frequency fn=N/T Hz N-No of oscillation T=Time period of 5 oscillations in sec

Procedu re: Free Vibration: 1) Remove the damper from the experimental setup. 2) Then strike the beam by taken 5 oscillation time required. 3) Repeat the procedure for different length of beam to adjust the beam set up.

Forced Vibration: 1) Fit the spring, mass damper in proper position note down the spring stiffness, mass of the beam, length of the beam from one tunion point and measure the exciter mass. 2) The electrical motor is switched ON, using stop watch note down 5 oscillation time for small jerk. 3) Then repeat the procedure for different length of beam.

Sub: Dynamics Lab

Tabu lat ion: Free vibration: Time required to complete one set of oscillation (sec)

Sl.No

Vibration

Exciter position

No of oscillation

Time period T

Frequency (Hz)

Forced Vibrat ion: Time period(T) (sec)

S.No

Vibration

Exciter position

No of oscillation

Frequency (Hz)

Speed (rpm)

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Calculatio n:

Sub: Dynamics Lab

Result: Thus the natural frequency of free and forced vibration using vibrating tale was found.

Sub: Dynamics Lab MULTI DEGREE OF FREEDOM SUSPENSON DEGREE FREE SUSP Date: Exp No:

Aim: To find out the mass moment of inertia of any irregular section.

Apparatus requ ired: 1) Bifilar and trifler setup 3) Different weight of cycle 2) stopwatch 4) steel rule

Formula Used: Bifiller: 1) Natural Frequency fn=N/T Hz 2) Radius of Gyration k=1/2 fnxg.ab/l 3) Moment of Inertia I=mk kg-m Where, N-No of oscillation Fn-Natural Frequency in Hz ab-Distance between two nodes l-length of the thread
2 2

T-Time taken for 5 oscillations in sec k-Radius of gyration M-mass of the bifiller plate Trifiller: 1) Radius of gyration k=1/2 fnxg.r /l 2) Moment of inertia I=mk kg-m Where, r-Radius of the Trifiller m-mass of the trifiller g-Gravity (9.81)
2 2 2

Sub: Dynamics Lab Procedu re: 1) Select either of bifilar (or) trifler plates. 2) With the help of spring chucks lighter at tops. 3) Adjust the length of spring to descry the value (or) measure length on it. 4) Give small horizontal twist at the same time start the stop watch and note down time required for five (or) ten oscillation. 5) Repeat the experiment by adding weight and checking length. Tabu lat ion: Radius of gyration K (m) Moment of Inertia I (Kg-m )
2

S.NO

Types of Suspensio n

Self weight (kg)

No. of oscilla tion

Time Taken sec

weight added (gm)

Natural frequency (fn) Hz

Sub: Dynamics Lab Calculatio n:

Sub: Dynamics Lab

Result: Thus the MI of irregular section find out.

Sub: Dynamics Lab DETERMINATION OF NATURAL FREQUENCY OF TRANSVERE VIBRATION DET ERMI NAT EQUEN TRANSV Date: Exp No: Aim: To determine the natural frequency of free transverse vibration due to uniformly distrusted load and concentrated load over a simply supported shaft.

Apparatus Requ ired: 1. Shaft 2. Stop watch 3. Weight 4. Transverse vibration system.

Formula Used: Simply supported Beam: 1. Uniform Distributed Load Frequency (fn) =0.571/ 2. Point load Frequency (fn) =0.4985/ 3. Varying load Frequency (fn) =0.4985/ Cantilever Beam: 1. Cantilever Beam Frequency (fn) = (1/2 ) xg/ g-Gravity Procedu re: 1. First proper lubrication is done for the bearing. 2. The given beam is fitted into the slots of Turn ion bearings and they are tightened. 3. The weight is added according to the condition of loading whether is to be loaded uniformly or concentrated. Then the beam is given a swing and starts oscillating. 4. The time taken for five oscillations noted down. 5. The experiment is repeated for various types of loads and the types of beams. -Deflection.

Sub: Dynamics Lab Tabu lat ion:

FREQUENCY (fn) Hz POINT LOAD UDL VARIYING LOAD UDL DEFLECTION (cm) POINT LOAD DEFLECTION (cm) TIM E (sec) DEFLECTION (cm) VARIYING LOAD

BEAM

TIME (sec)

TIME (sec)

Observa tion: 1) Mass of the each weight (m)=158 gm 2) Length of the cantilever beam=235mm Calculatio n:

Sub: Dynamics Lab

Result: The natural frequency of transverse vibration due to UDL and concentrated load over a simply supported shaft is calculated and is compared with experimental value.