COMBUSTION TABLE FOR SOLID AND LIQUID FUELS Molar weight Cont g/mol

C H2 O2 N2 S Ash Water 12.01 2.02 32.00 28.01 32.06 ---18.02 Sum: Nitrogen in air Sum dry air
Humid ratio in air:

Analysis g/kg mol/kg

336.00 45.50 301.00 3.50 1.29 12.71 300.00 1000.00 3.77 * O2 142.49 27.98 22.52 9.41 0.12 0.04 16.65 Sum O2:

Oxygen mol/kg
27.98 11.26 -9.41 0.04

29.87 112.621161 l ot lo go g ot 142.49 179.94 140.76

Total theoretical air need Theoretical gas amount Theoretical dry gas CO 2dry = CO 2odry = O 2wet = Nitrogen due to air in excess Oxygen due to air in excess Water in air excess Total air need 227.99 Total dry air 227.99 Total gas 265.43 Total dry gas 226.26 O 2dry =

29.873 m= m= 1.600

l lt g gt Fraction in real gas: Fraction in dry gas: ppm mg/Nm^3 (0 C 1 atm) mg/m^3 (Tfg C 1 atm) Mass of gases (Real gas) kg/kg fuel Mass of gases (Dry gas) 3 (m n means normal cubic meter at 0C and 1,013 bar) mol/kg m3n/kg 142.49 142.49 227.99 227.99 3.19 3.19 5.11 5.11 1.250

Conclusion
Theoretic dry air Theoretical air l ot lo

lt Real dry air Real total air l Calc of air excess factor gives m =

To get m3n/kg, multiply by molar volume 0.0224 m3n/mol

Method 1
Fuel flow Air to Fuel ratio with the given excess air Flue gas flow at the given fuel burning rate Density of flue gas at 0 C 1 atm

Flue gas flow at 0 C 1 atm Density of flue gas at 96 C 1 atm Flue gas flow at 96 C 1 atm 1 Actual flue gas flow SO2 composition SO2 flow rate

Method 2
Fuel flow Air to Fuel ratio with the given excess air Flue gas flow at the given fuel burning rate

Actual flue gas flow Ratio of SO2 mass/Flue gas mass SO2 flow rate

Remarks

Method 2 is more accurate because it has no assumption such as ideal gas and density
FUEL CONSUMPTION AT MAXIMUM STEAM GENERATION Boiler maximum steam generation at 8 barg & at 100 deg FW Boiler thermal efficiency GCV of fuel at dry condition GCV of fuel at 33% moisture content Maximum fuel consumption Steam to fuel ratio at 8 barg & at 100 deg C Flue gas volumetric flow at maximum steam generation (Note: This flue gas flow is assumed to be without Ash as after scrubber is considered) Duct size Equivalent diameter Flue gas velocity Reynolds number calculation Flue gas temperature Velocity Equivalent diameter

Re = VelocityxDiameter/Kinematic Viscosity Kinematic viscosity of flue gas at this temperature Reynolds number through duct Conclusion: Flow is highly turbulent Reynolds number through chimney Chimney diameter Velocity through chimney Kinematic viscosity of flue gas temperature (assumed 10 deg C temperature drop due to uninsulated duct) Considered temperature Kinematic viscosity Reynolds number through chimney Conclusion: Flow is highly turbulent

FUEL : FIRE WOOD + SAW DUST Fuel: Flue gases (mol/kg) H 2O CO2 N2
27.98 22.52 0.12 Adjusted for measured SO2 Adjusted for sum 1000 16.65 39.17 27.98 0.12 112.621 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.040

SO2

O2

Ar

39.17

27.98

112.75

0.040

0.00

67.57 17.92 0.00

39.17

27.98 180.32 1230.97 (CO2 mass per kg of Fuel) 0.148 0.105 0.679 0.124 (NERD report value) 7.56 0.705 1.231 5.049 0.797

0.040

17.92

0.0002 0.0002 178 508 376 0.00257

0.068 0.079

0.574

r at 0C and 1,013 bar) mol/kg Theoretic dry gas Theoretical gas Real dry gas Real total gas g ot go gt g 140.76 179.94 226.26 265.43 m3n/kg fuel 3.15 4.03 5.07 5.95

1,583 6.57 11,993 3.331 1.272 2.619709487 0.94085374 3.54092601

kg/hr (Avg: 290 kg/hr fuel consumption at 30% MC (wet)) kg air/kg fuel kg/hr kg/s kg/m^3 Nm^3/s kg/m^3 m^3/s At 96 deg C and 1.013 bar

3.54092601 m^3/s

375.682 mg/m^3 of flue gas 4.789 kg/hr

1,583 kg/hr (Avg: 290 kg/hr fuel consumption at 30% MC (wet)) 6.57 kg air/kg fuel 11,993 kg/hr

11993 kg/hr
0.00257 kg SO2/kg of fuel 4.075 kg/hr

e it has no assumption such as ideal gas and density conversion

6000 74.00% 18 12.06

kg/hr Gross basis MJ/kg MJ/kg

1583.299718 kg/hr 3.78955414 kg/kg 3.54092601 m3/s

h as after scrubber is considered) 0.620x0.620 mxm .678 m 9.211566103 m/s

http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/equivalent-diameter-d_205.html

96 deg C 9.211566103 m/s .678 m

Diameter/Kinematic Viscosity 0.0000204 m^2/s 306,149 http://www.firecad.net/Boiler-Calculations/Boiler-ExhaustGas-Properties.aspx

1m 4.508447021 m/s 10 deg C temperature drop due to uninsulated duct) 86 deg C 0.0000194 m^2/s 232,394

http://www.firecad.net/Boiler-Calculations/Boiler-ExhaustGas-Properties.aspx

Considered composition dry basis 48.000% C 6.500% H 43.000% O 0.500% N 0.184% S 1.816% Ash 100.000%

Theoretical weight of flue gas 5.095549 kg/kg of fuel 5.36065 kg/kg of fuel (Calculated from molecular weight and density) Theoretical air requirement 4.109328 kg of air / kg of fuel

4.11 kg of air/ kg of fuel

7.564015 kg/kg of fuel 7.907762 kg/kg of fuel (Calculated from molecular weight and density)

Real air requirement at the given excess air 6.5749 kg of air/ kg of fuel

m/equivalent-diameter-d_205.html

ulations/Boiler-ExhaustGas-Properties.aspx

ulations/Boiler-ExhaustGas-Properties.aspx

COMBUSTION TABLE FOR SOLID AND LIQUID FUELS Molar weight Analysis Cont g/mol g/kg mol/kg
C H2 O2 N2 S Ash Water 12.01 2.02 32.00 336.00 45.50 301.00 27.98 22.52 9.41 0.15 0.01 16.65 29.84 112.4968662 l ot lo go g ot 29.840 m= m= 2.650 142.34 179.80 140.63

Oxygen mol/kg
27.98 11.26 -9.41 0.01 Adjusted for measured SO2 Adjusted for sum 1000

28.01 4.20 32.06 0.23 ---- 13.07 18.02 300.00 Sum:

###### Sum O2: 3.77 * O2 142.34

Nitrogen in air Sum dry air

Humid ratio in air:

Total theoretical air need Theoretical gas amount Theoretical dry gas CO 2dry = CO 2odry = O 2wet = Nitrogen due to air in excess Oxygen due to air in excess Water in air excess Total air need 377.19 Total dry air 377.19 Total gas 414.66 Total dry gas 375.49 O 2dry =

l lt g gt Fraction in real gas: Fraction in dry gas: ppm

mg/Nm^3 (0 C 1 atm) mg/m^3 (Tfg C 1 atm) Mass of gases (Real gas) kg/kg of fuel

(NERD report value) 11.86

Conclusion
Theoretic dry air Theoretical air l ot lo

Mass of gases (Dry gas) 3 (m n means normal cubic meter at 0C and 1,013 bar) mol/kg 142.34 142.34 m3n/kg 3.19 3.19 8.45 8.45 1.250

lt Real dry air 377.19 Real total air l 377.19 Calc of air excess factor gives m = To get m3n/kg, multiply by molar volume 0.0224 m3n/mol

Method 1
Fuel flow Air to Fuel ratio with the given excess air Flue gas flow at the given fuel burning rate Density of flue gas at 0 C 1 atm

Flue gas flow at 0 C 1 atm Density of flue gas at 105 C 1 atm Flue gas flow at 105 C 1 atm 1 Actual flue gas flow SO2 composition SO2 flow rate

1,674 10.88 19,881 5.522 1.277 4.323654924 0.922457832 5.986599126

5.986599126
40.600

0.875

Method 2
Fuel flow Air to Fuel ratio with the given excess air Flue gas flow at the given fuel burning rate

1,674 10.88 19,881

Actual flue gas flow Ratio of SO2 mass/Flue gas mass SO2 flow rate

19881
0.00046

0.773

Remarks

Method 2 is more accurate because it has no assumption such as ideal gas and density
FUEL CONSUMPTION AT MAXIMUM STEAM GENERATION Boiler maximum steam generation at 8 barg & at 100 deg FW Boiler thermal efficiency GCV of fuel at dry condition GCV of fuel at 33% moisture content Maximum fuel consumption Steam to fuel ratio at 8 barg & at 100 deg C 6000 70.00% 18 12.06 1673.773987 3.584713376

Flue gas volumetric flow at maximum steam generation 5.986599126 (Note: This flue gas flow is assumed to be without Ash as after scrubber is considered) Duct size Equivalent diameter Flue gas velocity Reynolds number calculation Flue gas temperature Velocity Equivalent diameter 0.620x0.620 .678 15.5738791

105 15.5738791 .678

Re = VelocityxDiameter/Kinematic Viscosity Kinematic viscosity of flue gas at this temperature Reynolds number through duct Conclusion: Flow is highly turbulent

0.0000220 479,959

Reynolds number through chimney Chimney diameter 1 Velocity through chimney 7.622374745 Kinematic viscosity of flue gas temperature (assumed 10 deg C temperature drop due to uninsulated duct) Considered temperature 95 Kinematic viscosity 0.0000210 Reynolds number through chimney 362,970 Conclusion: Flow is highly turbulent

FUEL : STP SLUDGE + SAW DUST Fuel: Flue gases (mol/kg) H 2O CO2 N2
27.98 22.52 0.15 0.007 16.65 39.17 27.98 0.15 112.497 Theoretical weight of flue gas 5.0906587 kg/kg of fuel 39.17 27.98 112.65 0.007 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 Considered composition dry basis

SO2

O2

Ar
48.0000% C 6.5000% H 43.0000% O 0.6000% N 0.0330% S 1.8670% Ash 100.0000%

5.3567096 kg/kg of fuel (Calculated from molecular weight a Theoretical air requirement 4.1047928 kg of air / kg of fuel

4.1 kg of air/ kg of fuel

185.62 49.24 0.00

39.17

27.98 298.27 1230.97 (CO2 mass per kg of Fuel) 0.094 0.067 0.719 0.075 0.794

0.00721

49.24

11.867613 kg/kg of fuel 12.353535 kg/kg of fuel (Calculated from molecular weight a

0.00002 0.00002 19 55 41

0.119 0.131

Real air requirement at the given excess air 10.8777 kg of air/ kg of fuel

0.705

1.231

8.351 0.00046

1.576

mol/kg Theoretic dry gas Theoretical gas Real dry gas Real total gas g ot go gt g 140.63 179.80 375.49 414.66

m3n/kg fuel 3.15 4.03 8.41 9.29 P=Ro.R.T

kg/hr (Avg: 290 kg/hr fuel consumption at 30% MC (wet)) kg air/kg fuel kg/hr kg/s kg/m^3 Nm^3/s kg/m^3 m^3/s m^3/s At 96 deg C and 1.013 bar

mg/m^3 of flue gas kg/hr

kg/hr (Avg: 290 kg/hr fuel consumption at 30% MC (wet)) kg air/kg fuel kg/hr kg/hr kg SO2/kg of fuel kg/hr

umption such as ideal gas and density conversion

kg/hr Gross basis MJ/kg MJ/kg kg/hr kg/kg m3/s

mxm m m/s

http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/equivalent-diameter-d_205.html

deg C m/s m

m^2/s

http://www.firecad.net/Boiler-Calculations/Boiler-ExhaustGas-Properties.aspx

m m/s ture drop due to uninsulated duct) deg C m^2/s

http://www.firecad.net/Boiler-Calculations/Boiler-ExhaustGas-Properties.aspx

g/kg of fuel (Calculated from molecular weight and density)

kg of air/ kg of fuel

g/kg of fuel (Calculated from molecular weight and density)

quirement at the given excess air kg of air/ kg of fuel