WASH Cluster Ground Water Pumping

GWP2

Session Plan GWP2 Motorised Pumps

Timetable
GWP0 - Opening & Introduction GWP1 Handpumps GWP2 Motorised Pumps GWP3 Assessment of pumping method GWP4-Water Distribution

30 mins

1 hour

1 hour

1 hour 35 mins

40 mins

Session-at-a-Glance Session Activities Explanation of different motorised pumps Alternative energy supplies Activity Sizing the pump Total time Approx. Time 15 mins 15 mins 30 mins 1 hour Instructional Activity PowerPoint presentation PowerPoint presentation Group work

Session Aims To explore the different types of motorised pumps and the ways in which these can be powered. Session Objectives By the end of the session, participants will be able to: Explain something of the different types of motorised pumps Discuss the options for powering these Apply calculations to estimate the power required for a given flow rate Use pump characteristic curves to choose an appropriate pump for a given scenario

Session Materials Computer and projector Pump sizing solution Handouts o Exercise on sizing pump two graphs and the exercise (without solution)

Key Messages Pump classifications purely describe the pumps mechanical action

WASH Cluster Ground Water Pumping

GWP2

AC power or internal combustion engines may be used to power pumps but each has its advantages and disadvantages A pump is sized by taking into account the head loss due to friction in the pipes. The speed can be adjusted on a pump in order to more closely meet the flow demand but this increases greatly the input power.

Session plan Typically used for boreholes Higher operation and maintenance mechanised systems costs are inherent with

Most pumps can be classified as rotodynamic or positive displacement pumps. The rotor and casing shape further classifies rotodynamic pumps into centrifugal and axial. Axial flow pumps are rarely used in disaster relief. Positive displacement pumps can pump against very high heads. The majority of handpump types used worldwide belong to the group of reciprocating pumps. Helical rotor can operate over a range of pump speeds and heads and is useful in emergency when characteristics of the system are not always known. Motorised systems are suitable for populations bigger than 1000. There are choices about the type of power to the pumped system. Ask the group what some of the advantages and disadvantages of the different power sources are.

Pumps are machines designed to add energy to fluids. Rotodynamic pumps are a type of pump in which the dynamic motion of a fluid is increased by the pumps action. They typically do this by using a rotating element to push a fluid in one direction. Rotodynamic pumps generate flow by using one of three actions: radial flow, mixed flow, and axial flow. These classifications do not rate the performance quality of the pump, they are merely groupings based upon the pumps action. Radial flow pumps are centrifugal pumps in which the pressure is developed wholly by centrifugal force. They are used to transform kinetic energy into potential energy, measurable as static fluid pressure at the outlet of the pump. The pump consists of two main parts: a rotating element which includes an impeller (a set of rotating vanes) and a shaft, and a stationary element made up of a housing or casing (volute). The impeller produces liquid velocity and the casing forces the liquid to discharge from the pump converting velocity to pressure. The fluid is drawn from the inlet piping into the impeller and is accelerated by
Session Plan GWP2 2

WASH Cluster Ground Water Pumping

GWP2 the rotating motion outwards through the impeller vanes to the volute and outlet piping. The vanes on the impeller progressively widen from the centre of the impeller this reduces the speed of the fluid as it exits the impeller. The kinetic energy is converted into increased pressure. This method allows centrifugal pumps to produce continuous flows at high pressure. By forcing the fluid through with the outlet piping open, centrifugal pumps can achieve a very high flow rate. Axial flow centrifugal pumps develop pressure by the propelling or lifting action of the vanes of the impeller on the liquid. An axial flow pump is a common type of pump for water that essentially consists of a propeller in a pipe. The propeller can be driven directly by a sealed motor in the pipe or mounted to the pipe from the outside or by a right-angle drive shaft that pierces the pipe. These are rarely used in emergencies Centrifugal submersible pumps are rotodynamic pumps, which convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy by centripetal force on the liquid. A rotating impeller increases the velocity of the fluid. The vanes in the casing of the pump then convert this amplified velocity into a rise in pressure. The pumps usually have multiple impellers. Centrifugal pumps have a low threshold for starting torques, but they are not very efficient as small units. The selection of the correct size of the pump for its intended duty point is important. Energy is wasted if the pumps are operated far away from the optimal running point A submersible pump is designed as such that it can be introduced into the well casing and lowered to the bottom of the well. They are pumps, which have a hermetically sealed motor that is directly attached to the pump body. The whole assembly is submerged in the water. The advantage of this type of pump is that it can provide a significant lifting force as it does not rely on external air pressure to lift the water. This pump type is mainly used where electric power is available or ideally in combination with a Solar Pumping System. The main parts of a submersible pump are: Electric motor hermetically enclosed in a stainless steel sleeve, Rising main of GI or stainless steel pipes connected with sockets or PVC-HI hose. If a hose is used, the motor with connected pump body has to be hung from the top of the well by a stainless steel cable, Electrical cable for connecting the motor to the starting panel (power source),

Starting panel Various sizes of submersible pumps are available, which can be installed in casings of 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12. Progressive cavity pumps causes the water to move through the pump by trapping a fixed amount of fluid and forcing that trapped volume into the discharge pipe. The pump consists of a single helix rotor inserted into a double helix stator. When the rotor is turned, these voids are screwed along the axis of rotation. The water is contained in the voids and when the rotor turns these volumes are pushed upwards and discharged into the rising main. The rotor helix is made of chromium plated steel or polished stainless steel. It is

Session Plan GWP2 3

WASH Cluster Ground Water Pumping

GWP2 circular in cross section so that it fits exactly into one of the two helices of the stator. Progressive cavity pumps produce a constant flow and the small diameter pumps as used in boreholes are considerably more efficient than centrifugal pumps. For solar systems, it is important o note that progressive cavity pumps have high starting torque. Explain the electricity supplies available in different locations and the power rating of motors

There are two types of combustion engine, diesel or petrol. Split the group up into smaller discussion groups to talk through the advantages and disadvantages of each.

Discuss trouble shooting of pumps. Refer to Engineering in Emergencies. Jan Davies and Robert Lambert 2009. Chapter 14 Pumps The power output of a pump (Pw) is measured in watts (W). Give the group an exercise Where they have to use the formula and take into account the pump efficiency. Ask group to calculate Input power to pump. To ease calculation Q x = flow rate in l/s E.g give following information to group Pump delivers 4l/s. Operating head is 30m. is 50% What is the power output of pump? Answer is 1177.2 W or 1.2k W. What is the input power to pump? Answer is 1.2k W/0.5 = 2.4k W Pumps need to be selected to work efficiently. For this they should - Match the desired delivery rate - Lift the water through the required head difference - Overcome the friction of the pipe - Suit the amount of suspended solids in water Exercise: handout pump sizing exercise. Give the participants 20 minutes to complete then discuss solution in plenary. Explain to group that if you need to change the flow rate you can alter the speed of the pump but this is not efficient.

Exercise Sizing a pump See handout

Session Plan GWP2 4

WASH Cluster Ground Water Pumping

GWP2

Possible extension to session Get the participants into groups- each cost for a different fuel: solar, wind, diesel, national grid (for given figures) etc. Also look at impact on environment, community etc.

Session Plan GWP2 5