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  • Frequency Orchestral Instruments

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    Jain Googol
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    A formant is a favored frequency range of a musical instrument, demonstrated by a peak in the harmonic spectrum of the sound of the instrument. Formants are particularly important in understanding speech, since the vocal formants provide much of the distinction between sustained vowel sounds.

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    A formant is a favored frequency range of a musical instrument, demonstrated by a peak in the harmonic spectrum of the sound of the instrument. Formants are particularly important in understanding speech, since the vocal formants provide much of the distinction between sustained vowel sounds.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Descărcați ca PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
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    38 vizualizări5 pagini

    Frequency Orchestral Instruments

    Încărcat de

    Jain Googol
    A formant is a favored frequency range of a musical instrument, demonstrated by a peak in the harmonic spectrum of the sound of the instrument. Formants are particularly important in understanding speech, since the vocal formants provide much of the distinction between sustained vowel sounds.

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    Descărcați ca PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
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    Playing Ranges of Instruments

    Instrument Violin Viola Cello Double Bass Flute Oboe English Horn Clarinet(Bb) Bass Clarinet(Bb) Bassoon Contrabassoon Trumpet (Bb) Trombone(tenor) Trombone(bass) Timpani Harp Lower Limit Approx. Upper Limit G3(196.0 Hz) C3(130.8 Hz) C2(65.4 Hz) E1(41.2 Hz) C4 (261.6 Hz) Bb3(233 Hz) Eb3(155.6 Hz) D3(146.8 Hz) D2(73.4 Hz) Bb1(58.3 Hz) Bb0(29.1Hz) E3(164.8 Hz) E2(82.4 Hz) B1(61.7 Hz) F2(87.3 Hz) B0(30.9 Hz) E7(2637.0 Hz) C6(1046.5 Hz) E5(659.3 Hz) B3(246.9 Hz) C7(2093.0 Hz) F6(1396.9 Hz) Bb5(932.3 Hz) Bb6(1864.7 Hz) F5(698.5 Hz) Bb5(932.3Hz) Eb3(155.6 Hz) F5(698.5 Hz) Bb5(932.3Hz) Bb4(466.2 Hz) Bb4(466.2 Hz) F4(349.2 Hz) G#7(3322.4 Hz) White & White Musical acoustics applications References Rossing Index Musical acoustics applications

    Horn(double, F & Bb) B1(61.7 Hz)

    References: Rossing, Science of Sound, p 219, White & White p 280 Musical Acoustics Applications
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    HyperPhysics***** Sound

    Formant Frequencies
    These formant frequencies in Hertz for orchestral instruments are suggested by Backus, Ch 6, Table I. Instrument Flute Oboe English Horn Clarinet Bassoon Trumpet Trombone Tuba French Horn Formant I Formant II 800 1400 930 440-500 1200- 1400 600-800 200-400 400-500 ... 3000 2300 1220-1280 2500 ... ... ... Index Musical acoustics applications Orchestral instrument data Reference Backus Wolfe, Formants

    1500-1700 3700-4300

    A formant is a favored frequency range of a musical instrument, demonstrated by a peak in the harmonic spectrum of the sound of the instrument. This favored frequency may stay essentially the same even if the fundamental is continually changing. The relative stability of the favored frequency with changing fundamental pitch may be associated with some sort of resonance. But as Wolfehas pointed out, the resultant favored frequency is not in general equal to a specific resonant frequency of the structure, though resonances are part of the determining causes. Since the confluence of several factors may influence the actual peaks of the harmonic spectrum, perhaps the best use of the word formant is just as a term to reference the observed peaks. The concept of formants is particularly important in understanding speech, since the vocal formants provide much of the distinction between sustained vowel sounds. Formants also occur with musical instruments, and are of particular note with woodwinds. For example, the bassoon shows formant behavior over much of its playing range. Musical Acoustics Applications Composition of the orchestra

    HyperPhysics***** Sound

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    Power Output, Musical Instruments


    Measured greatest power output Source Large orchestra Bass drum Snare drum Cymbals Trombone Piano Trumpet Tuba Double bass Flute French horn Clarinet Power Output (watts) 67 25 12 9.5 6.4 0.44 0.31 0.20 0.16 0.055 0.053 0.050 Reference Backus Index Musical acoustics applications Orchestral instrument data

    The maximum acoustic efficency of an orchestral instrument appears to ba about 1%. From Backus, p52. HyperPhysics***** Sound
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    Composition of the Orchestra


    The standard orchestra consists of four major families of instruments: woodwinds, brass, percussion, and strings. The woodwind section usually consists of two to four flutes, two to four oboes, two to three clarinets, and two to four bassoons. The brass section consists of four to seven French horns, three to four trumpets, three to four trombones, and one tuba. The orchestral strings are usually divided into twenty-two to thirty five violins, eight to fourteen violas, six to twelve violincellos, and five to ten doublebasses.

    Index Musical acoustics applications Orchestral instrument data Reference Backus

    HyperPhysics***** Sound

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