1.

Describe following boiler water tests and treatment, state the acceptable parameters and explain the implications of operating outside the stated parameters. 1.1. Chlorides. The salts into the filling water for boiler, after its evaporation, remains in boiler and increase the salts concentration to water of boiler. The salts can give deposit on the boiler-heating surface, decreasing the boiler efficiency. For to avoid the salts deposit, the water must be treated. Me test salts are chlorides of fodium (NaCl), of calcium (CaCl) and of magnesium (MgCl2). Chlorides test and treatment: Before testing, samples must be cooled to 250C by collecting through a sample cooler for safety and to prevent flashing which concentrates the sample. a) Measure 2 ml cooled sample in to glass tube; b) Add 3 drops phenolphthalein; c) Add N/10 sulphuric acid dropwise until pink colour disappears. Add 1 more drop; d) Add 6 drops potassium chromate. Sample will be yellow; e) Add N/10 silver nitrate dropwise until the sample turns orange; f) Drops N/10 silver nitrate x 50= ppm (parts per million) chloride. The acceptable parameters are 1-6 drop N/10 silver nitrate (50-300 ppm chloride). If the drops are more then 6 must be accomplish blowdown suspended solids. 1.2. Alkalinity. Decrease of the corrosion in boiler is made by to maintain of the water to a correct degree of alkalinity. The water alkalinity depends on relative concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxyl ions (OH-). The measure amount of the alkalinity is ppm and is wrote down by pH. If pH=7ppm the water is pure. If pH is between 0 and 7 ppm the water is acid. If pH is more than 7 ppm until 14 ppm the water is alkaline. Usual the water alkalinity is keeping at 10-11,5 ppm. 1.2.1. Phenolphthalein p alkalinity test and treatment. a) Collect 50 ml of cooled boiler sample; b) Pour into dish. Add four drops phenolphthalein; c) Pink colour- alkaline, no colour- alkalinity zero; d) Add sulphuric acid N/10 until pink colour disappears; e) Note the level of acid in buret. Convert ml to ppm using chart and record result in ppm as p alkalinity.

Table E9.1. Dosage GSTM. ml sulphuric acid N/10 0-0,3 0,4-0,7 0,8-0,9 1-1,5 1,5+

ppm 0-30 40-70 80-90 100-150 150+

Dosage calculation 0,15L(0,3 pt) x tons 0,15L(0,3 pt) x tons 0,15L(0,3 pt) x tons Satisfactory High, blowdown, reduce dosage

The acceptable parameters are 1,0-1,5 ml sulphuric acid N/10 (100-150 ppm). If parameters are not in this limits and are below 1 ml sulphuric acid N/10 (100 ppm) the water must be treated by GSTM chemical. GSTM concentrated alkaline liquid is used to prevent the formation of calcium and magnesium scale deposits in high and low pressure boilers. Hardness constituents

are converted to soft, non-adherent sludge that is easily removed by blowdown. GS TM concentrated alkaline liquid should be mixed with condensate and fed directly to the steam drum or the water drum. 1.2.2. Total T alkalinity test and treatment. a) Add 3 drops total alkalinity indicator - GP; b) Add sulphuric acid N/10 until pink colour develops; c) Note the level of acid in burnet. Convert ml to ppm (For calculate dosage see table E9.1.), record result in ppm as total alkalinity. Total alkalinity test result must be less then twice the p alkalinity. If note, dose 1L (2pts) of GSTM regardless of the p alkalinity. Test again in 2 hours. 1.3. Phosphate reserve. For to prevent the scale deposits, gave of the calcium and magnesium salts, in boiler the water is treated with chemicals produce for to precipitate the salts under form of deposit which is not adherent to heating surface and may be remove by extraction. This are made of phosphate reserve. Phosphate reserve test and treatment: a) Collect and filter cooled boiler water to 5 ml mark on phosphate test tube; b) Add molybdate to 17,5 ml mark; c) Add one brass spoonful dry stannous chloride; d) Stopper and mix well. Allow to stand 3 to 5 minutes; e) Compare colour with standards block; f) See table E9.2. for dosage adjustment.

Table E9.2. Dosage Adjuct-BTM 0-10 ppm 30g (10z) x tons 10-20 ppm 15g (0,5z) x tons 20-40 ppm Satisfactory 40+ ppm High, blowdown, reduce dosage The acceptable parameters are 20-40 ppm. If the parameters are not in this limits, the water must be treated with Adjunct-BTM chemical. Adjunct-BTM is used in conjunction with GS concentrated alkaline liquid to prevent calcium scale deposit in high and low pressure boilers. Calcium hardness is convert to soft, non-adherent sludge that can be easily removed by blowdown. Adjunct-BTM phosphate should be dissolved in condensate and fed directly to the steam drum of the water drum. 1.4. Hydrazine reserve. The oxygen, which is it in water, increases the corrosion in boiler. For decrease to amount of oxygen in water, if used hydrazine (Na2H4). The hydrazine in reaction with the oxygen gives water and nitrogen. Na2H4+O2=2H2O+N2 Used of hydrazine will help to formation of a protective layer. On board do not accomplish hydrazine reserve test and treatment. 2. Describe the following main engine jacket cooling water tests and treatment. State the acceptable parameters and explain the implications of operating outside the state parameters.

2.1. Chlorides. Fresh cooling water is always used in engine installation. The consumption of fresh water is minimal, in that this is restricted to the amount last due to leaks and evaporation. In order to be able to judge whether the fresh water available is suitable for cooling water, an analysis of the water is necessary. The analysis data of particular interest includes the hardness, the chloride content and the pH value. The hardness of the water is due mainly to the presence of calcium salts. The carbonate salts containing calcium and magnesium cause transient or temporary hardness, and the remaining calcium and magnesium salts, and especially the sulphates, determine the degree of permanent hardness. The amount of common salt in the cooling water plays a special role, the reason being that an aqueous solution of NaCl forms an electrolyte. To achieve good protection against corrosion, the following must be fulfilled:

The cooling water must have a total hardness of approx. 60d. Higher hardness reduces the emulsion stability of the anti-corrosion oil. Which may be added, and lower hardness increase the absorption of corrosion-promoting materials such as carbon dioxide and oxygen. b) The chloride content must not be greater than a amount established. c) The pH of the cooling water varies with the temperature. The pH value may be established about of 8-9 ppm.
a)

Chloride test and treatment: a) Draw a cooling sample from a full flowing part of the system into the graduated mixing cylinder to the 25 ml mark; b) Add 5 level measuring spoons of DEWT-NC reagent No.1 and mix until all of the reagent is dissolved; c) Add 1 level measuring spoons of DEWT-NC reagent No.2, stopper and mixing cylinder and thoroughly mix; d) If the sample turns purple-red and the colour lasts 30 seconds, the test indicates that the treatment level is below 500 ppm. However if the colour disappear within 30 seconds, add additional reagent No.2, one level measuring spoon at a time with through mix until purplered colour persists for over 30 seconds; e) To determine the concentration of DEWT-NC count the total number of measuring spoons of reagent No.2 added and converts to ppm. The DEWT-NC calculates and dosage see table E9.3. Table E9.3. Dosage DEWT-NC Total number of measuring spoons of reagent No.2 used 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ppm of DEWT-NC recorded None 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Dosage requirement per ton of circulating water 3,2 kg 2,7 kg 2,3 kg 1,8 kg 1,4 kg 0,9 kg Satisfactory

8 9 10 11

3500 4000 4500 5000

Satisfactory Satisfactory Satisfactory High- No dose required

DEWT-NC treatment is an effective corrosion inhibitor for all the normal ferrous and copper- carbonisation at points of high heat transfer in the system. There are no harmful effect on glands, seals, rubber hoses, valve packing. If is compatible with antifreeze materials and will not form objectionable sludge. Efficient heat transfer is assured since corrosion is held to a minimum and surfaces are maintained free of deposits. DEWT-NC treatment is recommended for system with good quality distilled water make up. Under normal conditions, testing once per week is adequate. If make up requirement are high due to leakage, more frequent testing may be necessary. On board do not accomplish nitrite reserve test and treatment. For water treatment program see appendix.