Untitled

MARKING SCHEME
CLASS X
CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION
DELHI
2007
MARKING SCHEME
CLASS X
DELHI
2007
i i
CBSE, Delhi-110301
Published by Shri Vineet Joshi, Secretary, C.B.S.E. 'Shiksha Kendra', 2, Community Centre,
Preet Vihar, Delhi - 110301. Laser typesetting and Printed by Akashdeep Printers, Daryaganj,
New Delhi - 110002
Manuscript as such highlights the main value points and does not represent a complete ideal answer.
Manuscript may vary from time to time and year to year.
Price : Rs.
November, 2007 : 000 Copies
iii
PREFACE
CBSE as a pace setting national Board has constantly been striving to design its evaluation
process in a manner that it is used as a powerful means of influencing the quality of teaching and learning
in the classroom situation. Also, it has to be so designed that it provides constant feedback regarding
the effectiveness of the course content, classroom processes and the growth of individual learners
besides the appropriateness of evaluation procedures.
As a move in this direction, CBSE started the practice of publishing the Marking Schemes with
twin objectives in mind-(i) making the system more transparent and at the same time, (ii) ensuring high
degree of reliability in scoring procedure.
Who are the markers of answer scripts? How do they mark the answer scripts? How can it be
ensured that marking is fair, objective and reliable? Questions of these types naturally arise in the minds
of candidates appearing in the public examination. These questions are equally pertinent to the teachers
who are not adequately exposed to the CBSE system of marking.
Answer Scripts marking is a specialised job. It is assigned to teachers-PGTs for Class XII and
TGTs for Class X who are in direct touch with the subject and have a minimum of 3 years experience
of teaching the subject at that level. Appointment of examiners is made in accordance with the well-
defined norms. Markers examine scripts with the help of datailed guidelines called the 'Marking Schemes'.
It is this tool (Marking Scheme) alongwith the extensive supervisory checks and counter-checks
through which CBSE tries to ensure objective and fair marking. The present publication is being brought
out with a view to serving the following objectives :
(i) To give an opportunity to the teachers and students to look into the Marking Schemes that
were developed by the Board and supplied to the evaluators in 2007 main examination in
some selected main subjects.
(ii) To receive feedback and suggestions from institutions/subject teachers on the utility and
further improvement of Marking Schemes.
(iii) To encourage institutions to undertake similar exercise of developing marking schemes for
classes other than those covered by the Board's examination with a view to increasing
teachers' responsiveness to them as the essential tools of evaluation.
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HOW TO USE
Teachers and the students preparing for Class X examination of the Board constitute the primary
interest-group of this publication. Marking Schemes of Question Papers in the subjects of English
(Communicative), English (Language and Literature), Hindi Course A, Hindi Course B, Mathematics,
Science & Technology (Theory and Practical Skills), Social Science, Communicative Sanskrit, Urdu
Course A, Urdu Course B and Bengali administered in Delhi and Outside Delhi during the 2007 main
examination have been included in this document. Some tips on their usage are given below :
(a) To Teachers :
--- Go through the syllabus and the weightage distribution for the subject carefully.
--- Read the question paper to find out how far the question paper set subscribes to the
prescribed design. Grade every question by difficulty level for students who have taken the
main Board examination.
--- Consult the 'Marking Scheme' for each question, with reference to steps into which answers
and awards have been divided.
--- Work out concrete suggestions for the Board.
(b) To Students :
--- Study each question carefully, comprehend them and write down the main points of the
answer and note down their difficulties for clarification.
--- Examine a question in conjunction with the Marking Scheme and find out the proximity of
the answer to that suggested in the Marking Scheme.
--- We will feel motivated if this publication is commented upon by practitioners in the context
of its impact on their teaching learning strategies. Contribution of the experts and the officials
of the Board in bringing out this document is gratefully acknowledged.
We urge the teachers to encourage their students to make use of this publication and at the same
time to enrich us with their free and frank reactions.
M.C. SHARMA
CONTROLLER OF EXAMINATIONS
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CONTENTS
Secondary School Examination (X)
Marking Scheme
Page No.
1. English Communicative ............................................................................................. 1-42
2. English Language and Literature ................................................................................. 43-77
3. Hindi Course A ....................................................................................................... 78-111
4. Hindi Course B ....................................................................................................... 112-141
5. Mathematics .............................................................................................................. 142-173
6. Science & Technology .............................................................................................. 174-206
7. Practical Skills in Science & Technology .................................................................... 207-237
8. Social Science ........................................................................................................... 238-283
9. Communicative Sanskrit ............................................................................................. 284-313
10. Urdu Course A ........................................................................................................ 314-361
11. Urdu Course B ........................................................................................................ 362-398
12. Bengali ...................................................................................................................... 399-414
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LIST OF COORDINATORS/SUBJECT EXPERTS/REPRESENTATIVES
OF THE REGIONS FOR UPDATION/FINALISATION OF THE
MARKING SCHEME FOR THE SECONDARY SCHOOL
EXAMINATION, 2007
S.No. Name of the Coordinator/Subject
Experts
Experts
ENGLISH COMMUNICATIVE
1. Mrs. Meera Balachandran
Principal
Ramjas School,
Sector - IV, R.K. Puram,
New Delhi
2. Smt Onika Mehrotra
Kalka Public School
Alaknanda, Kalkaji,
New Delhi
3. Smt. Rekha Fauzdar
S.J. Public School
Jaipur
Rajasthan
4. Ms. P. Dastidar
Principal
Army School,
Narangi, Guwahati,
Assam
5. Jasmine Preet
Lecture (English)
Govt. Model Senior Secondary School
Sector 33,
Chandigarh
6. Mrs. Neena Kaul
St. Mary's School,
B-II, Safdarjung Enclave,
Delhi
7. Mrs. Mohini Kapoor
Delhi Public School
Meerut Road, Ghaziabad,
Uttar Pradesh
8. Ms. Lata M. Palat
Sanskriti School
Dr. Radhakrishnan Marg,
New Delhi
9. Ms. S.S. Nathan
Principal
Bala Vidya Mandir
No. 58, IV Main Road, Gandhi Nagar,
Adyar, Chennai
Tamil Nadu
10. Mrs. Archana Gilani
Ramjas School
Sector IV, R.K. Puram
New Delhi
ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
1. Mr. Ramesh Chand
Principal
Govt. Boys Sr. Sec. School
MB Road, Pushp Vihar, Phase-I
New Delhi
2. Sh. P.N. Thakural
C-4C, 4/256
Janakpuri
New Delhi
3. Sh. B.D. Jain
Retired Principal
F-131, Pandav Nagar
Delhi
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Experts
Experts
4. Mrs. Paramjit Ahuja
Principal
Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 1
Sadar Bazar, Delhi Cantt.
New Delhi
5. Mrs. Anita Dhawan,
Lecturer,
Govt. Sr. Sec. School,
Sector-37C,
Chandigarh
6. Mrs. Uma Sharma,
TGT
Rajkiya Pratibha Vikas Vidyalaya,
Vasant Kunj,
New Delhi
7. Ms. Sreelatha N P
Vice Principal
Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya
Udupi,
Karnataka
8. Ms Sneh Lata
M.B. Road
Pushp Vihar Sector 1
New Delhi
HINDI COURSE A
1. Dr. Anuradha,
HOD,
Sardar Patel Vidyalaya,
Lodhi Estate,
New Delhi
2. Dr. Suresh Pant
10/C, 4C Janakpuri
New Delhi
3. Dr. Ram Karan Dabas
SCERT
Defence Colony
New Delhi
4. Shri Manish Agarwal
Mont Fort School
Ashok Vihar Phase 1
Delhi
5. Dr. Mukul Sharma
Sri Ventakeshwara College
Dhaula Kaun
New Delhi
6. Shri D B Sharma
PGT Hindi
Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 3
Jhalana Dungri, Jaipur,
Rajasthan
7. Mrs. N. Jayalakshmi,
Vice Principal,
Kendriya Vidyalaya,
Ashok Nagar, Chennai
Tamil Nadu
8. Smt. Anjali Basu
Air Force School
Air Force Station
Chandigarh
9. Sh. R.J. Ram
Principal
Kendriya Vidyalaya No.1,
Armapore Ordinance Factory,
Kalpi Road, Kanpur,
Uttar Pradesh
8. Mrs. Kusum Lata Aggarwal,
Sarovdaya Bal Vidyalaya,
Ramesh Nagar,
New Delhi
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HINDI COURSE B
1. Dr. Anuradha,
HOD.
Sardar Patel Vidyalaya,
Lodhi Estate,
New Delhi
2. Dr. Kamal Satyarthi
187 K, Jeewan Nagar
Kilokari,
New Delhi
3. Dr. Usha Sharma
DIET
Moti Bagh
New Delhi
4. Smt. Maninder Bajwa
Bhavan's Vidyalaya
Sector-27,
Chandigarh
5. Ms. Monika Marwah,
Sanskriti School
Dr. Radhakrishan Marg
Chanakaya Puri,
New Delhi
6. Dr. A. Rengaswamy
P.G.T.
SBOA School & Jr. College
Anna Nagar Western Extn.
Chennai,
Tamil Nadu
7. Mrs. Shikha Nag
DTEA Sr. Sec. School
B1 Janakpuri
New Delhi
Experts
Experts
8. Dr. Madhuri
Delhi Public School
Sector-3, Dwarka Phase 1
New Delhi
9. Ms. Priya Vaidya
Sardar Patel Vidyalaya
Lodhi Estate
New Delhi
MATHEMATICS
1. Mrs. Kusum Ahluwalia
Principal
Hans Raj Public School
Road No. 73, Punjabi Bagh
New Delhi
2. Sh. I.C. Ahuja
Retd. Principal
G-93, Ashok Vihar-I
Delhi
3. Sh. S.N. Chibber
Rtd. Principal
B-330, Saraswati Vihar
Delhi
4. Sh. P.S. Mahajan
BA - 36C, Ashok Vihar - I
Delhi
5. Sh. Ashwani K. Bakshi
Vice Principal
Cambridge School
Sector 27, Noida
Uttar Pradesh
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Experts
Experts
6. Sh. G.D. Dhall
K-171, LIC Colony
Syed Nangloi Village,
New Delhi
7. Sh. J.C. Nijhawan
Vice Principal
Govt. Sarvodaya Vidyalaya
C-Block, Saraswati Vihar,
Delhi
8. Sh. S.K. Ray Choudhary
Vice Principal
Raisina Bengali Sr. Sec. School
Mandir Marg,
New Delhi
9. Sh. D. Dutta
Principal
Kendriya Vidyalaya,
Sector-IV R.K. Puram,
New Delhi
10. Ms. Shobha Dua
Hans Raj Model School,
Punjabi Bagh,
New Delhi
11. Mrs. Rekha Narula
Principal
Jaipur School,
Sector-6, Vidya Dhar Nagar
Jaipur
Rajasthan
12. Mr. Ajith Prasath Jain,
Principal
BVB Bhawans Rajaji
Vidyashram, Kilpauk,
Chennai
Tamil Nadu
13. Mr. Ram Nath Chaubey
Principal
Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial
Sr. Sec. School
12, Digwadi, PO Patherdith,
Dhanbad,
Jharkhand
14. Sh. Niramal Singh
Govt. Model School
Sector-33
Chandigarh
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
1. Sh. L.V. Sehgal
Principal
Bal Bharati Public School
Rajinder Nagar, Near Ganga Ram Hospital
New Delhi
2. Sh. P.N. Seth
65/42, New Rohtak Road
New Delhi
3. Sh. J.P. Agarwal
3 Shakti Apartment
Ashok Vihar Phase - III
Swami Nagar Marg,
Kalkaji Lane,
Delhi
4. Sh. B.N. Mehrotra
A-32, Nanda Road
Adarsh Nagar,
Delhi
5. Sh. Rameshwar Dutt
Principal
Kendriya Vidyalaya
Hastsal, Vikaspuri,
New Delhi
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Experts
Experts
6. Mrs. Anju Marwah
Bal Bharati Public School,
Ganga Ram Hospital Marg,
New Delhi
7. Mrs. Anshu Mehta
Bal Bharati Public School,
New Delhi
8. Ms. Jayanti Adhikari
Vice Principal,
Srimanta Sarlar Academy
Dispur, Guwahti,
Assam
9. Sh. R.S. Yadav
Principal
SBBM Sarvodaya Vidyalaya
Shankaracharya Marg,
Delhi
10. Sh. C.K. Punnoose
Vice-Principal
St. Xavier's School
Jaipur,
Rajasthan
11. Ms. C. Rama Devi
Principal
Bhartiya Vidya Bhawan
Hyderabad,
Andhra Pradesh
12. Mrs. Mohina Dar
Principal
Amity International School
Sec. 44, Noida
Gautam Budh Nagar,
Uttar Pradesh
13. Mrs. Poonam Sodhi
Bal Bharti Public School
Ganga Ram Hospital Marg
New Delhi
SOCIAL SCIENCE
1. Sh. Kirpal Singh
Principal
Guru Harkishan Public School
Hardhian Singh Road, Karol Bagh,
New Delhi
2. Sh. V.B. Krishna
C-382, Saraswati Vihar
Delhi
3. Sh. D.S. Yadav
E-52, Pandav Nagar
Delhi
4. Ms. Padma Srinivasan
HOD
Delhi Public School
R.K. Puram,
New Delhi
5. Ms. Anita Choudhary
Blue Bells International
Kailash Colony.
New Delhi
6. Mrs. Annapurni Venkatachala
PGT,
Mother's International School
Sri Aurobindo Marg,
New Delhi
7. Smt. Veena Sharma
Bhavan's Vidyalaya
Sector-27
Chandigarh
xi
Experts
Experts
10. Mr. Rajiv Ranjan Sinha
Principal
Baldwin Academy
West Boring Canal Road
Patna
Bihar
11. Mrs. R. Kalsi,
Principal,
Guru Harkrishan Public School
Khandwa Road, Indore
Madhya Pradesh
COMMUNICATIVE SANSKRIT
1. Sh. Chand Kiran Saluja
Head of Deptt. (Sanskrit)
Central Institute of Education
University of Delhi,
Delhi
2. Mrs. Saroj Chamoli,
Principal,
Govt. Senior Secondary School
B-Block, Yamuna Vihar
Delhi
3. Sh. Y.D. Sharma
H. No. 100, 101 Pocket A-3
Sector-11 Rohini,
Delhi
4. Shri Chander Bhan Singh
Vice Principal
Govt Boys Sec School No. 2
Khanpur,
New Delhi
5. Ms Rajeshwari Kumari
Dewan Public School
Hapur
Uttar Pradesh
6. Smt. Promila Goyal
Govt. Model Senior Secondary School
Sector-37
Chandigarh
7. Mrs. Sheema Sharma
MGD Girls School
SRS Road
Jaipur,
Rajasthan
8. Shri J.L. Sharma
Principal
Dewan Public School
Opp. Roadways Bus Stand
Meerut Road, Hapur,
Ghaziabad
Uttar Pradesh
9. Smt. Pravesh Sharma
Priyadarshini Sr. Sec. School,
Fatehpur Beri,
New Delhi
10. Mr. Vijay Trivedi
Vasant Valley School,
Sector-C, Vasant Kunj,
New Delhi
8 . Mrs. Manmeet Kaur
Hardhian Singh Road, Karol Bagh,
New Delhi
9. Ms. Leelamma Thomas
Principal
Campion School,
Edapally, Cochin
Kerala
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Experts
Experts
11. Shri C.K. Sharma
Vice Principal
Bhavan's Sawan Pub School
Bhati Mines Road,
New Delhi
URDU COURSE A/B
1. Mohd. Maroof Khan
Principal
Dr. Zakir Hussain Memorial Sr. Sec. School
Jafarabad,
Delhi
2. Mr Arief Usmani
Anglo Arabic Sr. Sec. School
Ajmeri Gate,
Delhi
3. Mrs. Kishwar Jahan
PGT (Urdu)
Dr. Zakir Husain Memorial Sr. Sec. School
Jafrabad,
Delhi
4. Dr. Nafees Jahan Ansari
Rtd. Principal
47/5, Uttranchal Society
I.P. Extn.,
Delhi
5. Mr. Razi Ahmad
PGT (Urdu)
Jafrabad.
Delhi
6. Mrs. Aisha Begum
Language Teacher (Urdu)
Dr. Zakir Hussain Memorial Sr. Sec. School
Jafrabad,
Delhi
BENGALI
1. Mr. P. Saha
PGT
V.N. Bengali Sr. Sec. School
Sarojoni Nagar
New Delhi
2. Mrs. Rekha Chattarjee
PGT
Jain Girls Sr. Sec. School
Dharampuri, Chandni Chowk
Delhi
3. Mrs. Anima Basu
PGT
Ashoka Hall Girls Sr. Sec. School,
Kolkata
West Bengal
4. Dr. Pratima Majumdar
PGT (Bengali)
B D Memorial Institute
Pratapgarh, Kolkata,
West Bengal
1
ENGLISH (Communicative)
Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS :
This paper consists of four sections.
Section A - Reading 20 marks
Section B - Writing 30 marks
Section C - Grammar 20 marks
Section D - Literature 30 marks
1. Attempt all questions.
2. Do not write anything in the question paper.
3. All the answers must be correctly numbered as in the question paper and
written in the answer sheet provided to you.
4. Attempt all questions in each section before going on to the next section.
5. Read each question carefully and follow the instructions.
6. Strictly adhere to the word limit given with each question. Marks will be
deducted for exceeding the word limit.
OUESTION PAPER CODE 1/1/1
SECTION A (Reading) 20 Marks
1. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: (12 marks)
1. Last June, my elder daughter Sylvie, finished kindergarten at the school near
our home in Bethlehem, USA. If my wife, Theresa, and I have our way,
Sylvie will graduate from the same school. I am eyeing Sylvies graduation
because I want this to be her only school and Bethlehem to be her hometown.
Both goals-first one a school, the second a hometown - eluded me. My
father was in the army, and I attended numerous schools. Our transient lifestyle
offered a grand upbringing, but it came at a cost. Of all those people I
befriended on the run, for instance, Ive maintained contact with exactly one.
Im generally from everywhere and exactly from nowhere.
2. I want Sylvie and her two year old sister Linnea, to have that hometown that
I missed. It would be a place they know intimately, care about, return to with
a thrill. So when Theresa took a teaching post in Bethlehem, we moved from
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Chicago and decided to settle down here. That was almost six years ago,
and the transition was rough. We did not like the paucity of movie houses,
usedbook stores and great restaurants. We found instead, cheap shopping
malls and cornfields being transformed into faceless suburbs. It was hard to
imagine blossoming in such a place. We began to seek out the good things in
Bethlehem, of which, we discovered, there are many. In short order we turned
up the childrens corner of the public library, a number of parks and the folk-
music club that draws top performers to a venue no bigger than our living room.
3. Where we found good places, we found good people. Slowly their numbers
increased. Soon we discovered we had knit together a circle of dear friends.
As our friendship strengthened, so, too did an unspoken belief that we would
be here for each other over the long haul. Wed watch each others children
grow up; offer them a hand where we could, support each other through the
joys and travails of parenthood.
4. Theres a yearly party, a joint sale and more potluck dinners than I can count.
Weve celebrated both of Linneas birthdays with a bash on our front lawn.
On Saturday mornings when many of us converge downtown, the
shopkeepers greet me and my children by name, and hand out goodies. To
the old-timers here, all this might be unremarkable. But to the vagabond like
me, this acceptance is heart-warming, nourishing and ultimately sustaining.
So why resist its pull? Because its a mistake to take for granted a good
community, or to assume wed be lucky enough to find one somewhere else.
In the end, good and lasting community arises from a commitment to it. And
theres no more basic commitment than staying put.
1.1 Complete the summary given below. Use only a word to fill in the blanks. (1 x 5 = 5)
The author decided to stay put at Bethlehem as he wanted it to be his
(a)__________________ hometown. Though upset about the lack of
(b) _________________ he and his wife started to seek out the good
things there. Soon a strong bond developed between them and their
(c)_______________ He resisted his (d) __________________ to
move to greener pastures. He also (e) _____________ that only with
commitment can a lasting community arise.
1.2 Complete the following sentences: (1 x 3 = 3)
(a) The author could not refer to any place as his hometown because
_______________.
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(b) The author had contact with only one friend ______________.
(c) The realization that lasting community arises ______________.
1.3 Find words which mean the same as the following: (1 x 4 = 4)
(a) many/in large numbers (para 1)
(b) change (para 2)
(c) sorrows/unpleasant experiences (para 3)
(d) a person who travels from place to place (para 4)
1. Set in the declining but still green Western Ghats in the south-west of
Karnataka, Coorg is the heart of Indias coffee country, coffee being the
worlds most heavily traded commodity after crude oil. Coorg boasts a land
area four times larger than Hong Kong and seven times the area of Singapore,
most of it is under tree cover because unlike tea plants, the coffee bush
requires shade.
2. India is acknowledged as the producer of the finest mild coffees. With their
tropical climate, high altitude, abundant rainfall and fertile soil, Coorg and the
neighbouring Chickmagalur districts in Karnataka have consistently produced
and exported high quality coffee for over 150 years. The coffee output of
these two districts accounts for 70 percent of the total coffee produced in the
country. Coorg coffee is valued for its blue colour, clean beans and fine liquoring
qualities and hence is in demand in the international markets.
3. In March and April is the coffee blossom time in Coorg. When blossoms
transform into berries, the bushes are cropped. The cherry-red fruit is then
pulped; the seeds separated, dried and sent for curing. Coorg or Kodagu is
the district which is one of the largest producers of pepper, cardamom and
honey in the world.
4. Not much is known about early history of Coorg. Recorded history is available
only from 1600 AD onwards when Kodava rajas ruled over the region and
established their capital at Mercara by constructing a mud walled fort. The
martial Kodavas troubled Hyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan who ruled the
Mysore region in the 18th century by way of sporadic rebellions. But in
1785, Tipus large army marched into Kodagu and devastated the kingdom.
Fourteen years later, with the help of the British who defeated Tipu Sultan
4
following the historic siege of Srirangapatana in 1799, Coorg regained
independence and under the leadership of Raja Veerarajendra rebuilt the
capital. Later in 1834, the British exiled its ruler Chikkaveera Rajendra and
assumed administrative charge of the district. The British left India in 1947,
leaving behind a legacy of coffee plantations, colonial buildings and well-
planned road networks.
2.1 Complete the following: (1 x 4 = 4)
a) The tea plants are unlike coffee plants as the latter _____________.
b) Coorg coffee is internationally acclaimed for its _______________.
c) Coorg is famous not only for coffee but also for _______________.
d) After crude oil, coffee is the _____________.
2.2 Complete the table given below: (1 x 4 = 4)
Year Events
a) _________ Recorded history of Coorg available from
1785 AD b) _____________________________
c) _________ Coorg regained independence
1834 AD d) _____________________________
SECTION B (Writing) 30 marks
3. You are Akhil/ Akanksha, the Head Boy/Girl of Modern Public School, Kochi.
As part of Social Service your school has decided to clean the surroundings.
Write a notice, in not more than 50 words, for your school notice board asking for
the names of the students of senior wing who wish to participate wholeheartedly. (5 marks)
4. You are Akhila / Akash, a student of R.H. College, Mangalore. Send a telegram to
your father living at 20, Church Road, Bangalore informing him that you are unable
to come home to attend the wedding of your cousin due to curfew in Mangalore.
Write the telegram in not more than 25 words. Copy the format of the telegram
from the question paper. (5 marks)
5
INDIAN POST AND TELEGRAPH
ADDRESSEES NAME AND
ADDRESS
MESSAGE
SENDERS NAME
(NOT TO BE TELEGRAPHED)
SENDERS ADDRESS
5. The following lines from the poem, Reaching Out in the Main Course Book set
you thinking about the need to educate adults. You decided to get involved in the
adult education programme. Taking ideas from the unit, Education, along with
your own ideas, write a letter to the editor of a newspaper in about 150 words
encouraging youngsters to take part in the programme. (10 marks)
_________ despite our illiteracy,
We still exist.
But we have to know
Why we should become literate.
6. You are a member of the Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals in your
locality. The following Pie-chart reflects the attitude of the people towards animals.
In response to this, write an article to be published in the forthcoming issue of The
Week on why animals are ill treated and what can be done to prevent it. As
Ramesh / Ranjini, write the article in 150-200 words. (10 marks)
6
FOR THE BLIND
You are a member of the Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals in your
locality. Write an article to be published in the forthcoming issue of The Week on
how animals are ill treated and what can be done to prevent it. As Ramesh /
Ranjini, write the article in 150-200 words.
Hints:
* 50% people believe that animals are exploited for selfish ends.
* 35% people have indifferent attitude towards animals.
* 15% people believe that animals are mans slaves.
SECTION C (Grammar) 20 marks
7. Look at the notes given below and complete the paragraph suitably. Do not add
any new information. Write the answers against the correct blank numbers in your
answer sheet. Do not copy the whole sentences. (1 x 4 = 4 marks)
Susrutha - birth - 6th Century - learns surgery, medicine - Dhanvanthri -
Varanasi - Susrutha, other doctors - realize - no point -learn - only facts -
from books - perform - surgery
Susrutha was a descendant of the Vedic sage Viswamithra. He was (a)________
the 6th century B.C. He (b)_________from Dhanvanthri at Varanasi. Susrutha
and some other (c)________that learning only facts from books was of very little
use by itself. In order to be good surgeons, they needed to learn by (d)_________
8. Rearrange the following words and phrases to form meaningful sentences. The
first one has been done for you as an example. Write the answers against the
correct blank numbers in your answer sheet. (1 x 4 = 4 marks)
was a / about twenty / childhood / delight / years ago.
Childhood was a delight about twenty years ago.
a) the leisure hours / of a child / of the TV / today / are spent / in front
b) of most / now - a - days / the attitude / parents is / different
c) work and play / different things / they see / as / two
d) playing/ feel / is a / waste of / they / time / that
9. In the passage given below, there is an error in each line. Write the incorrect word
and the correction as given in the example against the correct blank number in
your answer sheet. Remember to underline the word you have supplied. ( x 8 = 4 marks)
7
The exhaust earth groaned exhaust - exhausted
and quivered under a glare a)
of the Sun. Spirals in heat b)
rose from the ground on if c)
from the molten lava. The panting d)
lizard crawl painfully over e)
the hot rock on search f)
of the shady crevice. Cattle g)
or dogs cringed under the shade. h)
10. Read the headlines given below and use the information to complete the sentences
appropriately. Write the answers against the correct blank numbers in your answer
sheet. Do not copy the whole sentences. (1 x 4 = 4 marks)
a) Air Deccan adds new flight
Air Deccan on Friday announced _______________________________
of a second flight to the Delhi-Dehradun sector.
b) Verismo India appoints new President
Verismo Networks, a leading internet media company ________________
______________ Abhay Dubey as President, Verismo India.
c) Madras Management Association elects new President.
C.K.Ranganathan, _________________________________ of Madras
Management Association for the year 2006-2007.
d) Arnold to take over charge
The Football Federation of Australia said on Friday that Assistant Coach
Graham Arnold _________________ of the Australian team for the next two
Asian Cup qualifying matches.
11. Read the conversation and complete the paragraph given below. Write the answers
against the correct blank numbers. Do not copy the whole sentences. (1 x 4 = 4 marks)
Arun : Where are you going?
Hari : I am going to Mumbai.
8
Arun : Do you know whether the train is on time?
Hari : It is to arrive at 10 p.m.
Arun : I hope it is on time.
Arun asked Hari where he was going. Hari answered that ( a) _____________.
Arun enquired if he knew (b) ____________________________________.
____________________ Hari said (c) _____________________________.
Arun said (d) __________________.
SECTION D (Literature) 30 marks
12. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. Write the
answers in your answer sheet in one or two lines only. Number the answers
correctly. (4 marks)
Like the bright hair uplifted from the head
Of some fierce Maenad, even from the dim verge
Of the horizon to the zeniths height,
The locks of the approaching storm.
a) Who is Maenad ? What comparison does the poet make in these lines? (2)
b) Name the poetic device used here. (1)
c) What does the phrase, The locks stand for? (1)
correctly. (4 marks)
Dumbstruck sat the gaping frog.
And the whole admiring bog
Stared towards the sumac, rapt,
And, when she had ended, clapped.
a) Why was the frog dumbstruck ? (2)
b) Who admired whom? (1)
c) Why did everyone stare at the sumac? (1)
9
14. We were the first that ever burst
Into that silent sea.
Give a description of the experiences the mariners underwent in the silent sea.
Write your answer in 75-100 words. (5 marks)
15. Why did Calpurnia try to prevent Caesar from going to the senate house? Did
she succeed in her attempt? Why? Write your answer in about 75 words. (5 marks)
16. But when the evening of his life was drawing in, he left his old ways and suddenly
took a new turn. What was the change in Ali s nature towards the end of his life?
What was responsible for this transformation? Write your answer in 50-75 words. (4 marks)
17. You are the reporter of an investigative magazine. Your editor entrusted you with
the duty of collecting information about what had happened to Cutie-Pie after he
had escaped from prison. After the investigation you decide to write a letter to a
friend on what had happened to Cutie-Pie. Write the letter in 150-175 words. (8 marks)
OUESTION PAPER CODE 1/1
SECTION A (Reading) 20 marks
1. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: 12
1 Our house is filled with photos. They cover the walls of my kitchen, dining
room and den. I see our familys entire history, starting with my wedding,
continuing through the births of both sons, buying a home, family gatherings
and vacations. When my sons were little, they loved to pose. They waved,
danced, climbed trees, batted balls, hung upside down from the jungle gym
and did anything for a picture. But when they reached adolescence, picture-
taking changed into something they barely tolerated. Their bodies were
growing at haphazard speeds. Reluctantly they stood with us or with their
grandparents at birthday celebrations and smiled weakly at the camera for as
short a time as possible.
2 I am the chronicler of our photographs. I select those to be framed and
arrange the others in albums. The process is addictive, and as the shelves
that hold our albums become fuller and fuller, I wonder what will become of
them. Will anyone look at these photographs in future years? If my sons look
at them, what will they think of us and of themselves? One bright afternoon,
I took some photographs of my father with my husband as they fished on a
lake near our vacation house. As my sons and I sat on the shore and watched
10
them row away, I picked the camera up and photographed the beautiful lake
surrounded by green trees. The two men I loved gradually grew smaller until
all I could see were my fathers red shirt and the tan and blue caps on their
heads.
3 My father died a week later, and suddenly those photos became priceless to
me. I wept when I pasted them in our album. I wept again afterwards when
I saw my younger son looking at them. It was a few days before he went
away to college. He had taken all our albums down from the bookshelves in
the den and spread them out on the carpet. It had been a very long time since
I had seen him doing this. Once he stopped posing for pictures, he seemed to
lose interest in looking at them. But now he was on the verge of leaving
home. This was his special time to look ahead and look back. I stood for a
moment in the hall by the den, and then tiptoed away. I didnt take a photo of
my son that afternoon, but I will remember how he looked for as long as I
live. Some pictures, I learned, dont have to be taken with a camera.
1.1 Fill in the summary using a word only. l x 4 = 4
The author was (a) ______ about taking photographs and framing them.
But she always (b) ______ whether her sons would ever look at them.
She was full of (c) _________when she pasted the pictures of her
fathers last days in the album. She learnt that some pictures always
(d) ______________ in ones mind without a camera.
1.2 Complete the sentences given below.
The authors sons enjoyed taking photographs while they x 4 = 2
(a) _______________________________________________
(b) _______________________________________________
(c) _______________________________________________
(d) _______________________________________________
1.3 Two instances to show that the authors son was averse to taking
photographs are 1 x 2 = 2
(e) _______________________________________________
(f) _______________________________________________
11
1.4 Give words that mean the same as 1 x 4 = 4
(a) not organized or planned para 1
(b) one who records events in order para 2
(c) very valuable para 3
(d) devoted to something para 2
2. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: 8 marks
1 Set in the declining but still green Western Ghats in the South-West of
Karnataka, Coorg is the heart of Indias coffee country. Coffee is the worlds
most heavily traded commodity after crude oil. Coorg boasts a land area
four times larger than Hong Kong and seven times the area of Singapore.
Most of it is under tree cover because unlike tea plants, the coffee bush
requires shade.
2 India is acknowledged as the producer of the finest mild coffees. With their
tropical climate, high altitude, abundant rainfall and fertile soil, Coorg and the
neighbouring Chickmangalur districts in Karnataka have consistently produced
and exported high quality coffee for over 150 years. The coffee output of
these two districts accounts for 70 percent of the total coffee produced in the
country. Coorg coffee is valued for its blue colour, clean beans and fine liquoring
qualities and hence is in demand in the international markets.
3 In March and April, the coffee blossom time in Coorg, when blossoms
transform into berries, the bushes are cropped. The cherry-red fruit is then
pulped; the seeds separated, dried and sent for curing. Coorg or Kodagu is
the district which is one of the largest producers of pepper, cardamom and
honey in the world.
4 Not much is known about the early history of Coorg. Recorded history is
available only from 1600 A.D. onwards when Kodava Rajas ruled over the
region and established their capital at Mercara by constructing a mud-walled
fort. The martial Kodavas troubled Hyder Ali and his son Tipu Sultan, who
ruled the Mysore region in the 18th century, by way of sporadic rebellions.
But in 1785, Tipus large army marched into Kodagu and devastated the
kingdom. Fourteen years later, with the help of the British, who defeated
Tipu Sultan following the historic siege of Srirangapatana in 1799, Coorg
regained independence and under the leadership of Raja Veerarajendra rebuilt
the capital. Later in 1834, the British exiled its ruler Chikkaveera Rajendra
12
and assumed administrative charge of the district. The British left India in
1947, leaving behind a legacy of coffee plantations, colonial buildings and
well-planned road networks.
2.1 Complete the following: 1 x 4 = 4
(a) The tea plants are unlike coffee plants as the latter_______________.
(b) Coorg coffee is internationally acclaimed for its _________________.
(c) Coorg is famous not only for coffee but also for ________________.
(d) After crude oil, coffee is the _________________.
2.2 Complete the table given below. 1 x 4 = 4
Year Events
(a) _________________ Recorded history of Coorg
available from
1785 A.D. (b) ____________________
(c) _________________ Coorg regained independence
1834 A.D. (d) ____________________
13
SECTION B - (Writing) 30 marks
3. You are Sumit/Sunita. You attended a science exhibition, Self-sufficient India.
Write a postcard to your friend, Amit, 21, D.H. Road, Chennai in not more than
50 words about the exhibits and how you were benefitted by them. Copy the
format given below and write the postcard in your answer sheet. 5
14
4. The following is a telephonic conversation between Arun and Rakeshs mother. As
she was leaving home she leaves a message for her son. Write the message in not
more than 50 words. 5
Arun: Can I speak to Rakesh?
Rakeshs mother: Rakesh is not at home. He has gone for tuition and will
be back only at 6 p.m.
Arun: Can I leave a message?
Mother: Oh, sure.
Arun: Please inform him that he has to stay back after class
tomorrow for his science project. Ram, Raghav and I
are staying back. My father will pick us up at 6 p.m.
Mother: Ill inform him. Thank you.
5. You are Sharat/Sharon living at 22, Dalton Ganj, Kanpur. The following excerpt
from an article made you aware of some of the problems faced by a modern city. 10
There are areas that need immediate attention if the city has to move forward.
The blueprint of a modern city should have transportation facilities, mass
housing projects, a scientific sewage system...
Taking ideas from the unit Environment along with your own ideas, write a letter
to the Editor, The Herald in about 150 words on the problems faced by
metropolitan cities and how the situation can be improved.
6. You are a member of the Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals in your
locality. The following Pie-chart reflects the attitude of the people towards animals.
In response to this, write an article to be published in the forthcoming issue of
The Week on how animals are ill-treated and what can be done to prevent it. As
Ramesh/Ranjini, write the article in 150 - 200 words.
10
15
(For Blind Candidates Only)
You are a member of the Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals in your
locality. Write an article to be published in the forthcoming issue of The Week on
how animals are ill-treated and what can be done to prevent it. As Ramesh/Ranjini,
write the article in 150 - 200 words.
Hints:
* 50% people believe animals are exploited for selfish ends
* 35% people have indifferent attitude towards animals
* 15% people believe that animals are mans slaves
SECTION C - (Grammar) 20 Marks
7. Look at the notes given below and complete the following paragraph suitably. Do
not add any new information. Write the answers against the correct blank numbers
in your answer sheet. l x 4 = 4
Cyclones - regular - nature - anger - Orissa devastated - 16,000 injured -
four days - 15 million survivors - hell on earth
Cyclones appear (a) ________________ but this time the Bay of Bengal
seems to be their favourite hunting ground. Nature turned her anger on Orissa on
29th October, 1999 (b) ______________ coastline belt with a super cyclone. It
reached the shore at a wind speed of 220 km/hr and a huge tidal wave of salt
water. It is estimated that over 25,000 people died and about 16,000 (c) _______.
But for the 15 million people who (d) ________________, hell on earth had just
begun.
first one has been done for you as an example. Write the answers against the
correct blank numbers in your answer sheet. 1 x 4 = 4
in the / is swimming / with tremendous / one sport / potential/country /
One sport in the country with tremendous potential is swimming.
(a) our / is / full of / talented swimmers / country /
(b) not / utilized / potential/fully / their / is /
(c) academic subjects / other activities / take precedence / over / in school /
(d) has done / the sport / the government / very little / to boost /
16
9. In the passage given below, one word has been omitted in each line. Write the
missing word along with the word that comes before and the word that comes
after it in your answer sheet against the correct blank number. Ensure that the
word that forms your answer is underlined. The first one has been done for you as
an example. x 8 = 4
The small town was the e.g. was at the
foot of the mountains. Most the (a)
people were farmers. There traders also (b)
in the town. Though not rich were (c)
happy contented. At one (d)
time the peace broken by (e)
several robberies. The people frightened. (f)
The Mayor the town called for (g)
a meeting discuss the matter. (h)
10. Given below are instructions to draw a circle. Use these to complete the paragraph
that follows. Write correct answers in your answer sheet against the correct blank
numbers. Do not copy the whole sentences. 1 x 4 = 4
Take a compass and insert a pencil into the provided hole and tighten it.
Keep the pointed end of the compass on one end of a scale.
Extend the arm, having the pencil, to the required length to obtain the radius.
Then keep the pointed end of the compass at the required point.
Rotate the arm having the pencil about the pointed arm to obtain a circle.
A compass is taken and a pencil is inserted into the provided hole and
tightened. The pointed end of the compass (a) _________________ . The arm
having (b) __________________ to obtain the radius. The pointed end of the
compass (c) _______________. The arm having the pencil (d) ______________
about the pointed arm to obtain a circle.
11. Read the conversation given below and complete the passage that follows. Write
the answers against the correct blank numbers. Do not copy the whole sentences. 1 x 4 = 4
17
Customer: Can I have a small bottle of tomato sauce?
Shopkeeper: Sorry, I have only big bottles.
Customer: When will it be available?
Shopkeeper: I can give it to you tomorrow.
Customer: Thank you, then I will get it tomorrow.
The customer asked the shopkeeper (a) ______________________ of tomato
sauce. The shopkeeper said that he only had big bottles of tomato sauce. The
customer wanted to know (b) _________________. The shopkeeper said that
(c) __________________________. The customer thanked him and said that
(d) _________________________.
SECTION D (Literature) 30 Marks
answers in your answer sheet in one or two lines only. Number the answers correctly.
It ate the food it neer had eat,
And round and round it flew.
The ice did split with a thunder-fit;
The helmsman steered us through!
(a) What is it referred to here? 1
(b) What difficulty did the mariners face before it arrived? 1
(c) How did the mariners fate change after its appearance? 2
answers in your answer sheet in one or two lines only. Number the answers correctly.
I am silver and exact. I have no preconceptions.
Whatever I see I swallow immediately
Just as it is, unmisted by love or dislike.
I am not cruel, only truthful
The eye of a little god, four-cornered.
18
(a) What does the expression I swallow immediately mean ? 1
(b) Why is the mirror compared to a four-cornered god? 2
(c) What other qualities does the mirror boast of ? 1
14. How do the superstitious villagers react when the narrators mother is stung by a
scorpion? Write your answer in 75 - 100 words. 5
15. Scrooge had everything he wanted but was always gloomy and bitter. Bob Crachit,
his underpaid clerk, was cheerful and happy. Compare and contrast the characters
of Scrooge and Crachit as they appear in the play, A Christmas Carol. Answer
in about 75 words. 5
16. When we arrived we were like him - my first born brother and I. Describe the
condition of the refugees in The Ultimate Safari when they first arrived at the
refugee camp. Write your answer in 50 - 75 words. 4
17. Reaching home in Bhubaneshwar after the partition of the property, Babuli feels
calm and relieved. That night he makes a diary entry on his experiences in his
village and what prompted him to pay the tribute to his brother. As Babuli, write
the diary entry in 150 - 175 words. 8
19
Strictly Confidential - (For Internal and Restricted Use Only)
All India Secondary School Examination
March 2007
Marking Scheme - English Communicative
General Instructions:
Please note that the questions are numbered in continuation from 1 to 17.
(i) Marking of the entire script should be done by one examiner. All
answers in all the scripts issued to the examiner should be marked
section wise.
(ii) In the Marking Scheme, a slash (/) indicates alternative answers; any
one such answer is counted as correct.
(iii) Brackets ( ) indicate optional information; the mark is awarded
whether the part in brackets is included or not.
(iv) If a student writes an answer which is not given in the Marking
Scheme but which is equally acceptable, full marks should be awarded.
(v) Students should not be penalized if they do not follow the order of the
section / question while answering.
(vi) In questions requiring word limit please note that no marks are to be
deducted for exceeding the word limit.
20
QUESTION PAPER CODE 1/1/1
SECTION A (READING) 20 MARKS
Note : Section A tests the candidates ability in reading only. Therefore no deductions to be
made for errors in spelling, grammar or punctuation. Marks should be awarded if the answer
can be clearly understood.
1 BETHLEHEM MARKS 12
1.1 Objective : To identify and understand main parts of the text.
Marking : 5 marks : 1 mark for each correct answer.
No penalty for spelling or grammar. Accept any other
word equivalent in meaning to the answers given below:
Answers :
a) daughters/daughters
b) amenities/ comforts/entertainment
c) community /neighbours/ friends
d) urge/temptation/desire/pull/wish ( any other suitable word)
e) realized/ understood/felt/thought/believed/said
Marking : 3 marks. 1 mark for each correct answer.
No penalty for spelling or grammatical errors.
Accept any other word / phrase equal in meaning to
the answer given below:
Answers :
a) he had not stayed in one place for long/because
of a transient lifestyle/father was in the army
b) because he did not have time to make friends/
had a transient lifestyle
c) from a commitment to it ( came to him)
1.3 Objective : To deduce the meanings of unfamiliar terms
Marking : 4 marks. 1 mark for each correct answer.
21
Answers
a) numerous
b) transition/transformed
c) travails
d) vagabond
2 COORG MARKS 8
2.1 Objective : To identify main points of a text.
Marking : 4 marks - 1 mark for each
correct answer.
No penalty for spelling, grammar. Accept any
other word / phrase equal in meaning to the
answer given below
Answers:
a) require shade
b) blue colour, clean beans & fine liquoring qualities
c) pepper/cardamom / honey ( any two)
d) heavily traded commodity/highest export
2.2
Objective: To identify main points of a text.
Marking : 4 marks - 1 mark for each correct answer.
No penalty for spelling, grammar. Accept any
other word / phrase equal in meaning to the
answer given below
Answers:
a) 1600 AD
b) Tipus large army marched into Kodagu
c) 1799 AD
d) The British exiled its ruler (Chikkaveera Rajendra ), assumed
administrative charge of the district
22
SECTION B (WRITING) 30 MARKS
3. NOTICE - CLEANLINESS DRIVE MARKS 5
Objectives: To use an appropriate style and format to write a notice
To decode information from one text type to another.
Marking: Format: 2 marks, Content: 3 marks
Note: Deduct mark if notice is not placed in a box.
Format : Notice/School/ Title mark
Date mark
Writers name and designation 1 mark
Content : .
Value points:
When /Where the drive is to be held 1 mark
Asking for volunteers 1 mark
Who to contact 1 mark
4. TELEGRAM : RH COLLEGE, MANGALORE MARKS 5
Objectives : To use an appropriate style and format to write a telegram
To decode information from one text type to another.
Marking : 2 marks
Format : Format includes
addressees name and address 1 mark
senders name and address 1 mark
3 marks
Content:
Under content 1 mark should be given for each of the following points provided
it is clearly expressed. Only a mark should be awarded for each point which is
largely correct but contains minor inaccuracies in grammar, spelling or punctuation.
If a student includes any other relevant information he should not be penalized.
Value points:
Unable to come 1 mark
Cant attend (cousins) wedding 1 mark
Curfew in Mangalore 1 mark
23
5. LETTER TO THE EDITOR: ADULT EDUCATION
MARKS 10
Objectives: To write in a style appropriate to a formal letter
Marking : Marking should be in accordance with the writing
assessment scale. (Content - 4, Fluency - 3, Accuracy - 3)
Under content, credit should be given for the candidates
creativity in presenting his/her own ideas, However, some
of the following points may be included. Maximum of
one mark is to be deducted from total for improper lay
out.
Layout includes senders address, date, editor's address,
subject, salutation and complimentary close
NOTE: Refer to the writing assessment scale.
Value Points:
What adult education means
Need for such an education
How to implement it
Involvement of youngsters
Precautions
6. ARTICLE: PREVENTION OF CRUELTY TO ANIMALS
MARKS 10
Objectives : To plan, organize and present ideas coherently
Marking : Marking should be in accordance with
the writing assessment scale. (Content
4, Fluency - 3, Accuracy - 3 )
Layout : 1 mark may be deducted if layout is incorrect
Layout includes title and name of the writer.
Content : Under content, credit should be given for the candidates
creativity in presenting his/her own ideas, however, some
of the following points may be included.
24
Value Points:
z Expansion of points given in Pie chart may be included
z Ways in which animals are ill treated
Beasts of burden
Left on streets
Circus/zoos
z What can be done to prevent this cruelty
Animal shelters
Creating public awareness through campaigns etc
Mobilizing NGOs
Any other relevant points
FOR BLIND CANDIDATES
Use the points given in the question
50% of the opinion that animals exploited for selfish end
circus/zoos
35% believe people are indifferent towards the animals
old animals left on the roads
15% feel that animals are mans slaves-beasts of
burden
SECTION - C (GRAMMAR) 20 MARKS
7. GAP SUMMARY SUSRUTHA MARKS 4
Objective : To expand notes into a meaningful piece
of writing.
To write in a clear and grammatically
correct language
Marking : - 1 mark for each correct answer.
Answers:
a) born in
b) learnt surgery/medicine
c) doctors realized that
d) performing surgery
25
8 . JUMBLED SENTENCES CHILD HOOD MARKS 4
Objective : To rearrange the jumbled words accurately
and appropriately with reference to syntax
Marking : 1 mark for each correct answer.
Marks to be awarded only if the full sentence
is accurate
Note : Marks may be awarded for any appropriate,
grammatically correct alternative.
Answers
a. Today the leisure hours of a child are spent in front of the
TV/The leisure hours of a child are spent in front of the TV
today/ The leisure hours of a child today are spent in front
of the TV
b. Now-a-days the attitude of most parents is different/ The
attitude of most parents is different now-a-days
c. They see work and play as two different things
d. They feel that playing is a waste of time
9. EDITING EARTH MARKS 4
Objective : To test the accurate use of grammatical items
Marking : Marks should be awarded if only the correct
and incorrect words are written
mark for each correct answer
Incorrect Correct
a. a the
b. in of
c. on as
d. the a
e. crawl crawled
f. on in
g. the a
h. or and
26
10. HEADLINES MARKS 4
Objective: To test the ability to transform sentences
appropriately and in context
Marking: 4 marks - 1 mark for each correct answer
a) the addition
b) has appointed
c) was elected the new President/ has been elected the
new President
d) will be taking charge/ will be taking over the charge
11. NARRATION : ARUN & HARI MARKS : 4
Objective: To test the use of reported speech
Marking : 1 mark for each correct answer
a) he was going to Mumbai
b) if/whether the train was on time
c) it would arrive/ it was expected to arrive/was arriving/
was going to/ was to arrive at 10 pm
d) that he hoped it was on time
SECTION - D (LITERATURE) 30 MARKS
General Instructions :
This section is meant to test the students familiarity with and
appreciation of the set texts and not written expression. However
if the expression prevents clear communication, up to mark may
be deducted in each question.
12. ODE TO THE WEST WIND MARKS 4
Objective : To test local and global understanding of the poem
Marking : 4 marks
a) female follower of Bacchus, the god of wine and fertility 1+1
he compares their locks( hair) to the clouds
b) simile-like the bright hair
metaphor-the locks of the approaching storm (any one) 1
c) clouds/ rain clouds/cirrus clouds 1
27
13. THE FROG AND THE NIGHTINGALE MARKS 4
Objective : To test local and global understanding of the poem.
Marking : 4 marks
a. because of shock/jealousy/taken aback by the nightingales
song (any two) 1+1
b. the creatures of the Bog admired the nightingale 1
c. because the nightingale was sitting on the branches of the sumac tree 1
14. RIME OF THE ANCIENT MARINER MARKS 5
Objective : To test appreciation and understanding of the poem
Marking : 5 marks
Note : No penalty for exceeding the word limit
Answer:
lack of drinking water felt as if choking
excessive heat
ship stuck in the middle of hot ocean
death fires- premonition of death
water like witchs oil
frightened by slimy creatures
felt as if spirit of albatross was haunting them
saw frightening dreams/hallucinations
( any four points)
15. JULIUS CAESAR MARKS 5
Objectives : To test knowledge of theme and setting of the play
Marking : 5 marks
Answer:
heard of unnatural sights seen by night watchman
dreamt of Caesars statue spouting bloodRomans
washing hands in the blood
was fearful of his life (any two)
Did not succeed because
Decius tempted Caesar by mentioning crown
interpreted the dream to be fortunate one
28
16. THE LETTER MARKS 4
Objectives : To test understanding of text.
Marking : 4 marks.
Answer : Change
gave up hunting
realized the importance of love
realized presence of love in animals
could not inflict pain of separation on any one else
(any two) 2 marks
Change due to
Miriams (daughters) wedding and subsequent
departure with her husband
no news of her for last five years
loneliness and old age
(any two) 2 marks
17. CUTIE PIE MARKS 8
Objective: To test extrapolation of the text
Note: Upto 2 marks may be deducted for expression.
No marks should be deducted for incorrect layout.
No penalty for exceeding word limit
Question 17 is marked slightly differently from the other literature questions. In
this question the student is asked to produce a piece of creative writing based
on one of the literature texts. The main aim of this question is to assess
students understanding and appreciation rather than their writing ability, so
the marks for the question are also awarded for content. However, since
this is an extended writing task, written expression cannot be ignored, and
therefore there is a penalty in question 17 for poor expression.
Marking : 8 marks.
The marks are to be awarded for content out of 4 as per the writing
assessment scale and then multiplied by two to give a total of 8, which is the
maximum mark for this question. However, where a students expression
is particularly poor, up to 2 marks may be deducted out of marks obtained
as per the writing assessment scale.
29
Note : C - is marked for content and E - is penalty for expression.
Value Points:
Cutie Pie brought to earth from Quta Pi by Que Star
placed in glass prison
temperature unsuitable for him
first loved and then ignored by earthlings
loses feathers
unhappy escapes
befriends Winters
Grows back feathers whiskers
leaves earth on space ship
( any 4 points)
Accept any other relevant value point
APPENDIX 1
GUIDELINES ON WRITING ASSESSMENT
WRITING ASSESSMENT SCALE
Content / 4
0 The answer bears almost no relation to the task set.
1 The answer bears limited relevance to the task set. There are many gaps in the
treatment of the topic and / or pointless repetitions.
2 Much of the answer is in line with the task set, but there is some repetition, redundancy
and / or omission.
3 The answer is largely relevant and adequate, with little repetition, redundancy or
omission.
4 The answer is fully relevant and adequate to the task set.
Fluency / 3
0 Ideas are fragmentary, not organised in a coherent manner, and the theme is
not clear.
1 Although the general theme is clear, ideas are not logically presented and the style
may be inappropriate.
2 The general theme is clear. Main ideas are adequately presented in a fairly appropriate
style, but supporting details are not always coherent.
30
3 The general theme, main ideas and supporting details are well orgainsed and presented
in a style appropriate to the situation.
Accuracy / 3
0 Inadequate vocabulary even for the basic part of the writing task, most grammatical
patterns inaccurate, frequent punctuation and spelling errors.
1 Frequent grammatical and/or vocabulary inaccuracies, poor use of punctuation and
spelling.
2 Use of vocabulary is adequate, though perhaps sometimes limited. There are still
some minor grammatical, punctuation and / or spelling errors.
3 Uses appropriate vocabulary with hardly any grammatical, punctuation or
spelling errors.
Layout
Where layout is to be assessed, up to one mark may be deducted as follows :
1 The work is inappropriately or inaccurately laid out.
The layout is generally appropriate, but with a few minor errors.
0 The layout is appropriate and accurate.
Assessing Written Answers on Literature
The Literature Section of the examination is designed to assess students
ability to understand, interpret, evaluate and respond to literature. For this
reason, marks are awarded for the content of the students answer, provided
that it is clearly expressed.
Questions 12-16 will not penalise a student for poor expression, provided the meaning
can be understood clearly. But if a students answer is so poorly organised that its
content cannot be understood, then the content marks obviously cannot be awarded.
Question 17 Writing assessment scale
Content / 4
0 The answer bears almost no relation to the task set. Almost no understanding of the
literature text is shown.
2 Much of the answer is in line with the task set, but there is some repetition, redundancy
and /or omission. Reasonable understanding of the literature text is shown.
31
3 The answer is largely relevant and adequate, with little repetition, redundancy or
omission. Good understanding of the literature text is shown.
4 The answer is fully relevant and adequate to the task set. Very good understanding
of the literature text is shown. The marks awarded are then multiplied by two to
give a total out of 8, which is the maximum mark for this question. However, where a
students expression is particularly poor, up to 2 marks may be deducted as
follows:
Expression
2 Poor organisation; many language errors.
1 Some weaknesses in organisation; fairly frequent language errors.
0 Well-organised, with only a few language errors.
QUESTION PAPER CODE 1/1
Note : Section A tests the candidates ability in reading only; therefore no deduction is to be
made for errors in spelling, grammar and punctuation. Marks should be awarded if the answer
can be clearly understood.
1 PHOTOGRAPHS Marks: 12
1.1 Objective: To identify the main points of the text
Marking: 4 marks: 1 mark for each correct answer, no penalty for
spelling, grammar or punctuation. Accept any other word
equivalent in meaning to the answer given
Answers:
a) keen / interested / crazy
b) wondered / thought
c) tears/sorrow/emotion/remorse
d) remain/exist
Marking: 2marks: 1/2 mark for each correct answer, no penalty for
spelling, grammar or punctuation. Accept any other answer
equivalent in meaning .
32
Answers :
a) waved
b) danced
c) climbed
d) batted balls / hung upside down from the jungle gym
(any four)
1.3 Objective: Understanding of the text
Marks: 2 marks
Answers:
(e) barely tolerated/ smiled weakly at the camera
(f) reluctantly they stood with us
(any two)
1.4 Objective: To identify the lexical items from the text
Marking: 4 marks
Answers:
a) haphazard
b) chronicler
c) priceless
d) addictive
2 COORG Marks : 8
Marking: 4 marks
Answers :
a) requires shade
b) blue colour, clean beans & fine liquoring qualities
c) pepper /cardamom /honey ( any two)
d) heavily traded commodity / highest export
Marking: 4 marks
Answers :
a) 1600AD
b) Tipus large army marched into Kodagu kingdom
c) 1799 AD
d) The British exiled its ruler Chikkaveera, assumed
administrative charge of the district
33
SECTION B - ( WRITING ) MARKS 30
3 POST CARD SCIENCE EXHIBITION Marks 5
Objective: To use appropriate style and format to write a postcard
Deduct mark if letter is not placed in the postcard format.
Marking; Format : 2 Marks
Content : 3 Marks
Format : - place from where the postcard is written & date
- Salutation and complimentary close
- Receivers name
- Receivers address
Content: Under content, one mark each should be given to the value
points, provided they are clearly and accurately expressed. A
maximum of one mark should be deducted from the content area for
an answer which is largely correct, but includes minor inaccuracy in
grammar, spelling or punctuation. If a student adds any other relevant
information he should not be penalized. Credit should be given to
the candidates creativity. However the following points may be
included:
Value Points:
- Science exhibition - where , when
- Self sufficient India (optional)
- Some details of the exhibits
- Benefits of the exhibition
4 MESSAGE-ARUN & RAKESH Marks 5
Objective: To use an appropriate style and format to write a message
Marking : 5 marks
Format: 2 marks
Box and Title - Message :
Date :
Rakesh :
Mother :
34
Content: 3 marks
Arun called :
Stay back after class for science project : +
Tomorrow :
Ram, Raghav,Arun staying back :
Aruns father will pick up at 6.00 p.m. :
5 LETTER TO EDITOR - PROBLEMS IN CITIES Marks 10
Objective: To write in a style appropriate to a formal letter.
Marking: Marking should be in accordance with the writing assessment
scale. Content 4 marks, Fluency 3 marks, Accuracy 3 marks
No marks are specified for layout, however one mark may
be deducted for faulty layout.
Layout includes : Senders address
date, editors address, subject
and complimentary close
Under content credit should be given for the candidates creativity. However
some of the following points may be included. Any other relevant point may be
accepted.
Value points:
Problems :
- over population
- distances
- lack of transport facilities
- garbage disposal
- stray animals
- crime
- unauthorized construction
- pollution
( Any two)
Measures:
- Highrise apartments, low cost accommodation / mass housing
projects
35
- good public transportation / car pools / flyovers / maintenance of
roads
- scientific sewage systems / systems for garbage disposal
- animal shelters / pounds / adoption of animals
- increase in security / encourage citizens to come forward / self help
groups / efficient police vigilance
- plantation of more and more trees / CNG vehicles / media exposure
( Any two)
6 ARTICLE WRITING- CRUELTY TO ANIMALS Marks 10
Objectives : To write in a style appropriate for communicative purposes.
To plan, organize and present ideas coherently
Marking : Marking should be in accordance with the writing
assessment scale. (Content - 4, Fluency - 3, Accuracy - 3)
Layout : 1 mark may be deducted if layout is incorrect
Layout includes title and name of the writer.
Content : Under content, credit should be given for the candidates
creativity in presenting his/her own ideas, however, some
of the following points may be included.
Value Points:
- Beasts of burden
- Left on streets
- Circus/zoos
- Animal shelters
- Creating public awareness through campaigns etc
- Mobilizing NGOs
z Any other relevant points
- Beasts of burden
36
- Left on streets
- Circus/zoos
- Animal shelters
- Creating public awareness through campaigns etc
- Mobilizing NGOs
- Any other relevant points
SECTION C - ( GRAMMAR ) 20 Marks
7 GAP SUMMARY -CYCLONE Marks:4
Objective: To expand notes into a meaningful piece of writing
To write in clear and grammatically correct language.
Marking: 1 mark for each correct answer
Answers:
a) regularly
b) devastating the
c) were injured
d) survived / had survived
8 JUMBLED SENTENCES-SWIMMING Marks: 4
Objective: Rearrange the jumbled words accurately and appropriately
with reference to syntax.
Marking: 1 mark for each correct answer. Partially correct answer is
not acceptable.
Answers:
a) Our country is full of talented swimmers.
b) Their potential is not fully utilized / Their potential is not utilized fully
c) Academic subjects take precedence over other activities in school / In school
academic subjects take precedence over other activities.
d) The government has done very little to boost the sport
9 OMISSION- SMALL TOWN Marks: 4
Objective : To use grammatical items accurately and appropriately
Marking: mark to be awarded to each correct answer. For the
marks to be awarded, the word before and after the
missing word should be written.
37
Answers:
a) most of the
b) there were traders
c) rich they were
d) happy and contented
e) peace was broken
f) people were frightened
g) Mayor of the
h) meeting to discuss
10 VOICE - CIRCLES Marks: 4
Objective: To transform sentences ( Voice)
Answers:
a) is kept on one end of a scale
b) the pencil is extended to the required length
c) is kept at the required point
d) is rotated
11 NARRATION TOMATO SAUCE Marks 4
Objective: To test the use of Reported Speech
Answers:
a) if he could have a small bottle
b) when it would be available
c) he could give it to him the next day / following day
d) then he would get it the next day / following day
SECTION D ( LITERATURE ) 30 Marks
General Instructions: This section is meant to test the students familiarity with
the appreciation of the set text and not written expression. However, if the
expression prevents clear communication, up to half mark may be deducted in
each question.
38
12. RIME OF THE ANCIENT MARINER Marks : 4
Objective: To test local and global understanding of the poem
Marking : 4 marks
Answers:
a) Albatross 1
b) They / ship stuck in the ice 1
c) The ice split / able to steer out / good south wind blew. 2
(Any two)
13 MIRROR Marks: 4
Objective: To test local and global understanding of the poem
Marking : 4 marks
Answers :
a) To accept ( and reflect) every thing that comes in front / 1
accept whatever is projected.
b) God watches everything unbiased and from all four angles 2
c) unprejudiced / truthful / not cruel / exact / without preconceptions /
unmisted 1
14 NIGHT OF THE SCORPION Marks: 5
Objective: To test appreciation and understanding of the poem.
Marking : 5 marks
Value Points:
- searched - the scorpion to paralyse it
- buzzed Gods name
- purify her soul
- help to reduce the suffering of next and previous birth
- suffering would help to balance evil and good deeds
( Any other relevant answer is acceptable)
15 A CHRISTMAS CAROL Marks 5
Objective: To test knowledge of the theme and setting of the play
Marking : 5 marks
Value Points:
39
Scrooge
- selfish
- unsatisfied
- rude
- loved no one
- did not believe in Christmas
- cares only for money
- no gratitude
- anti social
Bob Crachit
- forgiving
- believed in Christmas spirit
- hardworking
- uncomplaining
- contented
- loved family
- thankful to God for everything
Note : The qualities have been listed out any five mentioned above are to be
compared or contrasted
16 ULTIMATE SAFARI Marks: 4
Objective: To test understanding of the text.
Marking : 4 marks
Value Points:
- suffering from indigestion
- tired and exhausted
- need rest and proper food
- given powder which many children vomitted
- need medical attention
- fainting
- eyes dropped close
- falling against each other
( Any four)
40
17 THE TRIBUTE A Diary Entry Marks: 8
Note : Up to 2 marks may be deducted for expression
No marks should be deducted for incorrect layout
Question 17, however, is marked slightly differently from the other literature
questions. In this question the student is asked to produce a piece of
creative writing based on one of the literature texts. The main aim of this
question is to assess students understanding and appreciation rather than
their writing ability, so the marks for the question are also awarded for
content. However, since this is an extended writing task, written expression
cannot be ignored, and therefore there is a penalty in question 17 for poor
expression.
Marking: 8 marks
The marks are to be awarded for content out of 4 as per the writing assessment
scale and then multiplied by two to give a total of 8, which is the maximum mark
for this question. However, where a students expression is particularly
poor, up to 2 marks may be deducted out of marks obtained as per the writing
assessment scale.
C - is marked for content and E - is penalty for expression.
Mark out of 4x2
Value points:
- old memories
- remember the sacrifices of elder brother
- full of remorse
- painful
- overwhelmed with emotions of love and gratitude
- satisfied - took right decision
APPENDIX 1
GUIDELINES ON WRITING ASSESSMENT
WRITING ASSESSMENT SCALE
Content / 4
0 The answer bears almost no relation to the task set.
1 The answer bears limited relevance to the task set. There are many gaps in the
treatment of the topic and / or pointless repetitions.
41
2 Much of the answer is in line with the task set, but there is some repetition,
redundancy and / or omission.
3 The answer is largely relevant and adequate, with little repetition, redundancy
or omission.
4 The answer is fully relevant and adequate to the task set.
Fluency / 3
0 Ideas are fragmentary, not organised in a coherent manner, and the theme
is not clear.
1 Although the general theme is clear, ideas are not logically presented and the
style may be inappropriate.
2 The general theme is clear. Main ideas are adequately presented in a fairly
appropriate style, but supporting details are not always coherent.
3 The general theme, main ideas and supporting details are well orgainsed and
presented in a style appropriate to the situation.
Accuracy / 3
0 Inadequate vocabulary even for the basic part of the writing task, most grammatical
patterns inaccurate, frequent punctuation and spelling errors.
1 Frequent grammatical and/or vocabulary inaccuracies, poor use of punctuation
and spelling.
2 Use of vocabulary is adequate, though perhaps sometimes limited. There are still
some minor grammatical, punctuation and / or spelling errors.
3 Uses appropriate vocabulary with hardly any grammatical, punctuation or
spelling errors.
Layout
Where layout is to be assessed, up to one mark may be deducted as follows :
1 The work is inappropriately or inaccurately laid out.
The layout is generally appropriate, but with a few minor errors.
0 The layout is appropriate and accurate.
Assessing Written Answers on Literature
The Literature Section of the examination is designed to assess students
ability to understand, interpret, evaluate and respond to literature. For
this reason, marks are awarded for the content of the students answer,
provided that it is clearly expressed.
42
Questions 12-16 will not penalise a student for poor expression, provided the
meaning can be understood clearly. But if a students answer is so poorly
organised that its content cannot be understood, then the content marks obviously
cannot be awarded.
Question 17 Writing assessment scale
Content / 4
0 The answer bears almost no relation to the task set. Almost no understanding of
the literature text is shown.
2 Much of the answer is in line with the task set, but there is some repetition,
redundancy and /or omission. Reasonable understanding of the literature text is
shown.
3 The answer is largely relevant and adequate, with little repetition, redundancy
or omission. Good understanding of the literature text is shown.
4 The answer is fully relevant and adequate to the task set. Very good
understanding of the literature text is shown. The mark awarded is then
multiplied by two to give a total out of 8, which is the maximum mark for this
question. However, where a students expression is particularly poor, up to 2
marks may be deducted as follows :
Expression
2 Poor organisation; many language errors.
1 Some weaknesses in organisation; fairly frequent language errors.
0 Well-organised, with only a few language errors.
43
Dance is a skilful art. It is an effective means of expression. Facial expressions
and hand gestures are the essence ef dance. A dancer can express such feelings as
joy, anger, or helplessness without saying a word. People have been dancing since
time immemorial. Pre-historic people probably made up dances to gain favour of
their Gods. Many Indian tribes danced while appealing for rain and good crops.
But most people, these days, dance simply to have fun or entertain others. Dance
is not merely a fun social activity, it is also an ideal exercise. Twenty minutes of
dancing can burn as many calories as twenty minutes of swimming or biking. Half
an hour of dancing can burn as many as 200 to 400 calories. Dancing can reduce
stress, tension, anxiety and even depression. Dance, like music, knows no
boundaries - geographic, linguistic or racial. It is a great unifying force.
1.1 Answer the following questions briefly:
(a) What constitutes the essence of dance? (1)
(b) Mention any two feelings which can be expressed by a dancer without
saying a word. (1)
(c) Why did pre-historic people perform dances? (1)
(d) What did the Indian tribes appeal for through their dances? (1)
(e) How many calories are approximately burnt by half an hour of
dancing? (1)
(f) How is dance a unifying force? (1)
ENGLISH (Language and Literature)
(i) This paper is divided into four Sections - A, B, C and D.
(ii) All qeestions are compulsory.
(iii) Marks are indicated against each question.
44
2. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow : (6 marks)
Ladakh is a desert in the mountains in the Eastern part of Jammu and Kashmir.
This region does not receive any rain and is covered in snow for most of the year.
Very little agriculture is possible in this region and very few trees can grow. For
drinking water, people depend on the melting snow during the summer months.
The people eat meat and milk products like cheese and butter. Each family owns
some goats, cows and dzos (yak-cows). The sheep in this region are very special.
They produce Pashmina wool which is prized. The people of Ladakh carefully
collect the wool and sell it to traders from Kashmir where costly Pashmina shawls
are chiefly woven. Though a desert Ladakh always attracted its share of traders.
It was considered a good trade route due to its many passes through which caravans
with merchandise travelled to what is today called Tibet.
(a) Why is Ladakh a desert region? (2)
(b) How do the people of Ladakh obtain drinking water in summer ? (1)
(c) Which cattle do they tend? (1)
(d) Why are the sheep of this region special? (1) .
(e) Why was Ladakh considered a good trade route in olden times? (1)
There is only one natural satellite - the Moon. But there are many man-made
or artificial satellites revolving around the Earth. Aryabhatta, IRS-IB and INSAT-
2A are some Indian artificial satellites. They are more than 300 Km away from the
Earth. At this height, the Earths gravity and atmosphere do not affect them.
Artificial satellites are of many kinds. Of them, weather satellites send
information and pictures of clouds, storms and ocean currents. They are used to
predict the weather. This information is also used to warn people about storms,
floods, forest fires etc. Communication satellites are used to transmit telephone
conversation and TV programmes across the earth. They are helpful in sending
messages through fax machines, using mobile phones and the internet. Science
satellites send information about outer space. Astronomers study this data and get
to know more about things in space. These satellites are launched into space by
rockets. Once beyond the earths gravity and atmosphere, they are sent circling
around the earth by the force of another rocket. There is nothing in space to
45
obstruct the path or speed of those satellites. So they continue to keep going
around the earth, just like the moon.
3.1 Answer the following questions briefly: (5 marks)
(a) Name any two of the Indian artificial satellites. (1)
(b) Why are artificial satellites kept at a distance of more than 300 km
away from the Earth? (1)
(c) Mention any two kinds of man-made satellites. (1)
(d) How is the information sent by weather satellites used? (2)
3.2 Find words/phrases from the passage which mean the same as the following: (3 marks)
(i) force of attraction between an object and the earth (1)
(ii) body of water or air in motion (1)
(iii) block up/put something in the way of (1)
SECTION B (Writing) 20 Marks
4. You are Sunil/Shilpi living at 23, Navjyoti Apartments, Dwarka, Delhi. There is no
community hall in your area. It causes a lot of hardships to the residents in organizing
a function. Write a letter to the Municipal Commissioner requesting him
to provide this facility in the area. Do not exceed 100 words.
(6 marks)
OR
Your class went on a picnic to the newly created Valley Park in the city. Write a
letter to your friend in Kolkata describing your experiences of the picnic and how
you enjoyed it. You are Samarth/Sushmita living at 256, Block D, Mayur
Apartments, Delhi. Do not exceed 100 words.
5. Read the passage given below: (8 marks)
The bicycle is a wonderful invention indeed. It enables speedy travel using
your energy, whereas almost all other vehicles depend on external sources of
energy.
Every school boy knows who invented the first bicycle. It was a Scotsman
named Kirkpatric Macmillan who in 1839 just fitted two wheels to a frame and
46
attached pedals to the back wheel. He then embarked on the first bicycle ride in
history. It was like nothing they had ever seen. He covered 112 kilometres in a
mere 10 hours. It was a great feat considering the speed of travel in those days.
Macmillans design of the bicycle was improved over the years. Handlebars
became curved, tyres were made thin, and multiple gears were introduced. John
Boyd Dunlop, thereafter revolutionized road transport by introducing pneumatic
tyres.
Racing bicycles became common by 1970. They were very good on smooth
roads and climbed slopes comfortably. But on the mountain terrain where the
roads were rough they flopped. It was at this juncture that Joe Breeze came along
with the mountain bike. He made the tyres thick and introduced a new gear system,
a flat handlebar and efficient hand brakes. It was fine on smooth highways as well
as rough mountain roads.
5.1 On the basis of your reading of the above passage, make notes on it in points
only, using headings and sub-headings. Also use recognizable abbreviations,
wherever necessary. Supply a suitable title to it. (4 marks)
5.2 Write a summary of the above passage in about 50 words. (4 marks)
6. You have a neighbour who runs an automobile workshop on the ground floor of
his residence. Little space is left on the road and there are chances of accidents.
Write a paragraph in not more than 80 words describing the difficulties faced by
the residents. (6 marks)
OR
There were pre-monsoon rain showers on Tuesday morning. You found school
going children without any transport at the bus stops. Using the hints given below,
write a report in not more than 80 words for your newspaper. You are Dinesh/
Divya, a press reporter.
Massive water logging - roads, pools of water - traffic jam - breakdown of cars,
scooters and other vehicles - great chaos on road - children got stranded.
SECTION C 15 Marks
(Grammar)
after it in your answer. sheet. Ensure that the word that forms your answer is
underlined as shown. ( x 8 = 4 marks)
47
A Lake Park has been developed DDA developed by DDA
in East Delhi. It covers area of about (a)
69 hectares. It attracts large number (b)
of migratory birds. It is famous its (c)
many varieties native trees. A good (d)
walking track is popular fitness (e)
lovers who live this area. Here one (f)
can enjoy boating facilities as well nature (g)
walks the beautiful green surroundings. (h)
8. Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with the correct form of the
words given in brackets. Correctly number and write the answer in your answer
sheet. ( x 8 = 4 marks)
An injured jackal (a) _______ (save) in South Delhi late on Thursday evening. It
(b)___________ (wander) into the city from the nearby jungle. In fact the animal
(c) ________ (chase) by the dogs. While (d)_____(try) to cross the road in fear
it (e) ________ (hit) by a (f)______(speed) vehicle. The rescue team (g)_______
(reach) the scene with an ambulance and (h) _________(transport) the animal to
safety.
9. Read the dialogue and complete the passage given below. Write the correct answer
in your answer sheet against the correct blank number. Do not copy the. whole
sentence. (4 marks)
Inspector : When did you come to the bank?
Salesman : At about 12.30.
Inspector : How much money did you bring?
Salesman : Rs. 25000/-. I had to deposit it for my firm.
The Inspector asked the salesman (a)______________. The salesman told him
(b)___________________________________. The Inspector inquired of him
(c)_________________. The salesman told him (d)______________which he
had to deposit for his firm.
48
10. Look at the words and phrases given below. Rearrange them to form meaningful
sentences. The first one has been done as an example. Write the correct sentences
in your answer sheet. Remember to number the answers correctly. (3 x 1= 3 marks)
Example:
me/ always/have/the thoughts/mother/ of/inspired/my
The thoughts of my mother have always inspired me.
1. breathe in/the/fresh/i/morning air/always
2. angry/foolish/him/that/made/remark
3. great/childhood days/i/my/remember/with/pleasure
SECTION D 45 Marks
(Literature)
answers in your answer sheet in one or two lines only. Remember to number the
answers correctly. (5 marks)
Lencho showed not the slightest surprise on seeing the money; such was his
confidence - but he became angry when he counted the money. God could not
have made a mistake, nor could he have denied Lencho what he had requested.
Immediately, Lencho went up to the window to ask for paper and ink. On
the public writing-table, he started to write, with much wrinkling of his brow,
caused by the effort he had to make to express his ideas. When he finished, he
went to the window to buy a stamp which he licked and then affixed to the envelop
with a blow of his fist.
( a) Why was Lencho not surprised on seeing the money? (1)
(b) Which two reasons did he give to justify his anger? (2)
(c) Why did he go to the window to ask for paper and ink? (1)
(d) Which word in the passage means the same as least/smallest? (1)
answers in your answer sheet in one or two lines only. Remember to number the
answers correctly. (5 marks)
Sulochana looked at her husband with frightened eyes. Perhaps he was right,
she thought. But may be he was growing older, and his hands and eyesight were
not as strong as before.
49
You must be tired, working without a break, she said, her words betraying
her simplicity.
(a) Why were Sulochanas eyes filled with fear? (1)
(b) What did she think of her husband? (2)
(c) How did she console him? (1)
(d) Which word in the passage means the same as giving a sign of/showing what
one really was? (1)
13. Sudha says, Just have faith in yourself and everything will be fine. How does she
prove it through examples from her own life? Write your answer in about 80
words. (6 marks)
OR
Why was Annes teacher annoyed with her? How was she able to bring about a
change in his attitude towards her? Write your answer in about 80 words.
14. Who is Bridget? Why does she ask for a surgeon? Write your answer in 30-40
words. (4 marks)
OR
I hold that one good turn deserves another, says Reuben. What does he mean
by it ? Write your answer in 30-40 words.
answers in your answer sheet. Remember to number the answers correctly. (3 marks)
Yet seek him and what shall you find in the place?
Nothing but silence and empty space,
Save, in a corner, a heap of dry leaves,
That hes left for a bed for beggars or thieves!
(a) What has been left in a corner? (1)
(b) Who has left it? (1)
(c) What purpose has he left it for? (1)
OR
Earth is dry to the centre,
But Spring, a new comer,
50
A spring rich and strange,
Shall make the winds blow
Round and round,
(a) Why is the Earth dry? (1)
(b) Who is referred to as a new comer? (1)
(c) What is the significance of Spring? (1)
16. Why does the poet want to listen to the Lord? Explain in 30-40 words.
(3 marks)
OR
What message does the poet convey in the poem, Nothing Will Die ? Write your
answer in 30-40 words.
17. What has the sea been compared to ? Give two examples which the poet has
used for comparison. (2 marks)
18. Describe the character of Ralph, the Rover.
(2 marks) OR
How does Wordsworth contrast the conditions outside and inside the house?
19. What did the scientist do when he became furious? What happened to the constable
and the people in the bar? Write your answer in about 100 words.
(7 marks)
OR
Why did the dogs at the surgery reject Tricki as an uninteresting object ? How
did he become an accepted member of the gang? Write your answer in about 100
words.
20. What justification does Hari Singh give for stealing Anils money? (2 marks)
21. Why did Matilda not like to visit her rich friend?
(2 marks)
OR
What story did Ausable frame about calling the police?
22. Seeing the tiger, how did the tailor and the constables react? (2 marks)
23. What happened when Griffin didnt wake up in time?
(2 marks)
OR
Why was Laszlo sent to Ranki Street? What did he find there?
51
1. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow : 6
Ladakh is a desert in the mountains in the Eastern part of Jammu and Kashmir.
This region does not receive any rain and is covered in snow for most of the year.
Very little agriculture is possible in this region and very few trees can grow. For
drinking water, people depend on the melting snow during the summer months.
The people eat meat and milk products like cheese and butter. Each family owns
some goats, cows and dzos (yak-cows). The sheep in this region are very special.
They produce Pashmina wool which is prized. The people of Ladakh carefully
collect the wool and sell it to traders from Kashmir where costly Pashmina shawls
are chiefly woven. Though a desert Ladakh always attracted its share of traders.
It was considered a good trade route due to its many passes through which caravans
with merchandise travelled to what is today called Tibet.
(a) Why is Ladakh a desert region? 2
(b) How do the people of Ladakh obtain drinking water in summer? 1
(c) Which cattle do they tend? 1
(d) Why are the sheep of this region special? 1
(e) Why was Ladakh considered a good trade route in olden times? 1
Dance is a skilful art. It is an effective means of expression. Facial expressions
and hand gestures are the essence of dance. A dancer can express such feelings as
joy, anger, or helplessness without saying a word. People have been dancing since
time immemorial. Pre-historic people probably made up dances to gain favour of
their gods. Many Indian tribes danced while appealing for rain and good crops.
But most people, these days, dance simply to have fun or entertain others. Dance
is not merely a fun social activity, it is also an ideal exercise. Twenty minutes of
dancing can burn as many calories as twenty minutes of swimming or biking.
Half an hour of dancing can burn as many as 200 to 400 calories. Dancing can
reduce stress, tension, anxiety and even depression. Dance, like music, knows no
boundaries - geographic, linguistic or racial. It is a great unifying force.
52
(a) What constitutes the essence of dance? 1
(b) Mention any two feelings which can be expressed by a dancer without
saying a word. 1
(c) Why did pre-historic people perform dances ? 1
(d) What did the Indian tribes appeal for through their dances? 1
(e) How many calories are approximately burnt by half an hour of dancing? 1
(f) How is dance a unifying force? 1
There is only one natural satellite - the Moon. But there are many man-made
or artificial satellites revolving around the Earth. Aryabhatta, IRS-IB and INSAT-
2A are some Indian artificial satellites. They are more than 300 km away from the
Earth. At this height, the Earths gravity and atmosphere do not affect them.
Artificial satellites are of many kinds. Of them, weather satellites send
information and pictures of clouds, storms and ocean currents. They are used to
predict the weather. This information is also used to warn people about storms,
floods, forest fires, etc. Communication satellites are used to transmit telephone
conversation and TV programmes across the Earth. They are helpful in sending
messages through fax machines, using mobile phones and the internet. Science
satellites send information about outer space. Astronomers study this data and get
to know more about things in space. These satellites are launched into space by
rockets. Once beyond the Earths gravity and atmosphere, they are sent circling
around the Earth by the force of another rocket. There is nothing in space to
obstruct the path or speed of these satellites. So they continue to keep going
around the Earth, just like the Moon. (198 words)
(a) Name any two of the Indian artificial satellites. 1
(b) Why are artificial satellites kept at a distance of more than 300 km away
from the Earth? 1
(c) Mention any two kinds of man-made satellites. 1
(d) How is the information sent by weather satellites used? 2
53
3.2 Find words/phrases from the passage which mean the same as the following:
(a) force of attraction between an object and the Earth 1
(b) body of water or air in motion 1
(c) block up/put something in the way of 1
SECTION B
(Writing) 20 Marks
4. You are Amit / Preeti living at C-207, Shastri Nagar, Meerut. Street lights in the
area have not been working for the last six months leading to accidents and a rise
in unsocial activities. Write a letter to the General Manager of the Electrical
Corporation of your city complaining about this problem. Do not exceed 100
words.
6 OR
Your class went to see a zoo along with your teacher. You enjoyed it a lot. Write a
letter to your friend in Delhi describing your visit and how you enjoyed it. You are
Gaurav / Shalini living at 26, Chikpet, Mysore. Do not exceed 100 words.
5. Read the passage given below: 8
The bicycle is a wonderful invention indeed. It enables speedy travel using
your energy, whereas almost all other vehicles depend on external sources of
energy.
Every school-boy knows who invented the first bicycle. It was a Scotsman
named Kirkpatrick Macmillan who in 1839 just fitted two wheels to a frame and
attached pedals to the back wheel. He then embarked on the first bicycle ride in
history. It was like nothing they had ever seen. He covered 112 kilometers in a
mere 10 hours. It was a great feat considering the speed of travel in those days.
Macmillans design of the bicycle was improved over the years. Handlebars
became curved, tyres were made thin, and multiple gears were introduced. John
Boyd Dunlop, thereafter revolutionized road transport by introducing pneumatic
tyres.
Racing bicycles became common by 1970. They were very good on smooth
roads and climbed slopes comfortably. But on the mountain terrain where the
roads were rough they flopped. It was at this juncture that Joe Breeze came along
with the mountain bike. He made the tyres thick and introduced a new gear system,
54
a flat handlebar and efficient hand brakes. It was fine on smooth highways as well
as rough mountain roads.
5.1 On the basis of your reading of the above passage, make notes on it in points
only, using headings and sub-headings. Also use recognizable abbreviations,
wherever necessary. Supply a suitable title to it. 4
5.2 Write a summary of the above passage in about 50 words. 4
6. Your house is situated near a National Highway. You hear lots of noises throughout
the day and night. Write a paragraph in not more than 80 words about the noises
that irritate you. 6
OR
You are Ritesh / Ritu, a press reporter. During your visit to different colonies, you
found a number of people working as doctors without having any medical
qualification worth the name. Using the hints given below, write a report in not
more than 80 words for your newspaper.
nearly 40000 quacks in your city - a few in almost each colony - not qualified
at all - exploiting people - putting their lives to danger - many deaths reported
at their hands - public and government need to be vigilant.
SECTION C
(Grammar) 15 Marks
after it in your answer sheet. Ensure that the word that forms your answer is
underlined as shown. x 8 = 4
With the arrival rains, snakes arrival of rains
come out of their holes move (a)
about search of dry ground. They (b)
end up in such places shoes, kitchens, (c)
store rooms etc. A resident found big (d)
cobra in his kitchen Friday. He (e)
called a friend runs a helpline. He (f)
came and caught snake. He left (g)
with advice Dont panic but adopt caution. (h)
55
8. Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words
given in brackets. Correctly number and write the answer in your answer sheet. x 8 = 4
A three-storey building (a) ___________ (fall) down in the centre of the town
last night (b) ____________ (kill) six of a family on the spot. About sixteen persons
(c) ____________ (sleep) when the tragic incident (d) ___________ (take) place.
A two-and-a-half year old son of the same family luckily (e) ________ (survive)
the accident. According to a police official the building (f)__________ (rent out)
to factory workers. Efforts (g) __________ (make) (h) _________ (save) the
rest of the people.
9. Read the dialogue and complete the passage given below. Write the correct answer
in your answer sheet against the correct blank number. Do not copy the whole
sentence. 1 x 4 = 4
Inspector: Where did you keep the money?
Salesman: It was in my briefcase.
Inspector: Where was. the briefcase?
Salesman: I put it on the counter.
The Inspector asked the salesman (a)_______________ money. The salesman
told him (b)____________________. The Inspector further enquired of him
(c)_________________. The salesman replied (d)_______________.
sentences. The first one has been done .as an example. Write the correct sentences
in your answer sheet. Remember to number the answers correctly. 1 x 3 = 3
Example:
the / with their guide / Red Fort / went / the tourists / see / to
The tourists went to see the Red Fort with their guide.
(a) milder / people / makes / the / gentler / music / and
(b) two / election / stood / candidates / for
(c) lost / 500 votes / a / the election / he / margin of / by
56
SECTION D
(Literature) 45 Marks
answers in your answer sheets in one or two lines only. Remember to number the
answers correctly. 5
That night at Mumbai she danced for two-and-a-half hours and when she finished,
the applause just wouldnt die out. That one single performance, the first after her
traumatic accident, turned her into one of the most sensational stars the country
had ever seen and since then she has been invited to perform all over the world.
(a) How long did Sudha Chandran dance? 1
(b) How did the people react after she had finished it ? 1
(c) What mishap had she met with? 1
(d) What effect did this single performance have on her career? 1
(e) Which word in the passage means the same as causing injury/nervous shock ? 1
answers in your answer sheets in one or two lines only. Remember to number the
answers correctly. 5
She wrapped her trunk around a sisal pole and pulled. There was a tearing
noise as the pole was wrenched away. No one came out of a tent to chase them.
The others moved forward and .also started pulling on the poles and the wire.
Tuskless quickly made a sizeable hole in one wall of the kitchen.
(a) Who pulled the pole? 1
(b) What happened when the pole was pulled? 1
(c) What were they expecting to happen? 1
(d) What did the others then do ? 1
(e) Which word in the passage means the same as put round ? 1
13. Lencho has great faith in God. Does he have the same kind of faith in man? Taking
examples from the story describe his attitude towards God and man. Write your
answer in about 80 words.
OR 6
57
What conflict and fear is Kofi Annan referring to in his speech? How can we be
free from fear and solve the conflict? Write your answer in about 80 words.
14. Dan was a highwayman. Why then did Reuben not want him to be hanged? Write
your answer in 30 - 40 words.
4
OR
Tis a strange world, says the Surgeon. What does he mean by this statement?
Write your answer in 30 - 40 words.
answers in your answer sheets. Remember to number the answers correctly. 3
And when the night wind roars
And the moon rocks in the stormy cloud,
He bounds to his feet and snuffs and sniffs.
(a) Who is He in the stanza? 1
(b) When does he bound to his feet? 1
(c) What does the expression the moon rocks mean? 1
OR
Nothing will die;
All things will change
Thro eternity.
Tis the worlds winter;
Autumn and summer
Are gone long ago.
(a) Why does the poet say that nothing will die? 1
(b) What has replaced the seasons of autumn and summer? 1
(c) What does he mean by eternity ? 1
16. The poet wishes to listen to the Lord in every moment of life. What does he say to
convey this wish? Explain in 30 - 40 words. 3
OR
58
What aspects of nature does the poet talk about in the poem, Nothing Will Die?
Write your answer in 30 - 40 words.
17. When does the sea behave most like a peaceful dog? 2
18. What sin did Sir Ralph commit? Why did he do it ?
2
OR
What do you think the wind is doing when the poet tells the child to listen?
19. Who was Anil ? How did he treat Hari Singh? What transformation did it bring
about in Hari Singhs life? Write your answer in about 100 words.
7
OR
How far do you agree that Borbala is much concerned for the safety of her brother,
Laszlo? Explain giving examples from the text. Write your answer in about 100
words.
20. What story did the lady tell Horace to get the jewels? 2
21. What did Mrs. Pumphrey do to bring Tricki back to normal health? Was she
successful?
2
OR
What was someone expected to bring to Ausables room?
22. Why did the narrator, a young lawyer, not like his job in a law firm? 2
23. How did Hari Singh know that Anil had forgiven him?
2
OR
I am not frightened of anything. What character trait of Laszlo is clearly seen
from this statement?
59
Strictly confidential (For Internal and Restricted Use Only)
Secondary School Examination
March 2007
Marking Scheme English Language and Literature
General Instructions
1. The Marking Scheme provides general guidelines to reduce subjectivity in the
marking. The answers given in the Marking Scheme are the suggested answers.
The content is thus indicative. If the student has given any other answer, which is
different from the one given in the Marking Scheme, but conveys the meaning, such
answers should be given full weightage.
2. Evaluation is to be done as per the instructions provided in the Marking Scheme. It
should not be done according to ones own interpretation or any other consideration
Marking Scheme should be strictly adhered to and religiously followed.
3. If the question has parts, please award marks in the right hand side for each part.
Marks awarded to the different parts of the question should then be totalled up and
written in the left hand margin and circled.
4. If the question does not have any parts, marks will be awarded in the lefthand
margin.
5. If a candidate has attempted any extra question or part, marks obtained in the best
question should be retained and the other answer should be scored out.
6. Q.1, Q.2, Q.3, Q.11, Q.12, and Q. 15 are meant to test the comprehension ability
of the candidates and not the ability of expression. Full credit should be given for
the correct value point, even if the answer is not given in a full sentence.
7. In questions consisting of 3 or more than 3 marks, break up of marks should be
shown separately (as suggested in the Marking Scheme) and then totalled.
8. A full scale of marks 0 to 100 has to be used. Please do not hesitate to award full
marks if the answer deserves it.
60
MARKING SCHEME 20 Marks
Section A (Reading)
Q. Nos 1-3 Objectives : To identify the main points of the text & to deduce the meaning
of unfamiliar lexical items.
Marking: 1 mark for each correct answer, no penalty for errors in
similar in meaning to the answers given below.
Q. 1.1 (a) facial expressions and hand gestures ( + ) 1
(b) joy, anger or helplessness (any two) ( + ) 1
(c) to gain favour of gods 1
(d) for rain and good crops ( + ) 1
(e) about as many as 200 to 400 calories 1
(f) no boundaries / unites irrespective of language, race or region 1
6 marks
Q. 2.1 (a) no rain; covered in snow for most of the year (1+1) 2
(b) by the melting of snow 1
(c) goats, cows and dzos (yak) (any two) ( + ) 1
(d) produce costly pashmina wool (wool known as pashmina) 1
(e) due to its many passes 1
6 marks
Q. 3.1 (a) Aryabhatta, IRS IB, INSAT 2A (any two) ( + ) 1
(b) so that earths gravity & atmosphere do not affect them
(c) weather satellites, communication satellites; science satellites 1
(any two)
(d) used to predict the weather
to warn people about storms / floods / forest fires etc. (1+1) 2
Q. 3.2 (i) gravity 1
(ii) currents 1
(iii) obstruct 1
8 marks
61
Q. 4. Letter Writing
Objective: To use an appropriate style and format to write a letter of complaint,
requests etc (formal) and to family and friends etc (informal)
z To plan, organize and present ideas coherently
Marking: Marking should be in accordance with the following writing
assessment scale
Content : 3 marks
Fluency : 1 marks
Accuracy : 1 marks
Layout : layout includes senders address, date, designation and address of
addressee, subject, salutation , complementary close etc. according
to requirement
Under content, credit should be given for the candidates creativity in presenting
his / her own ideas.
Value Points
z no community hall in the area.
z thickly populated place.
z functions (birth, death, marriage etc.) held every other day.
z lot of inconvenience.
z community hall urgently needed.
Or 6 marks
z picnic arranged-when?
z where?
z what arrangements made?
z sights seen.
z your experience about the picnic
Note: The points given above are suggestive only. Any other relevant point
given by the student must be accepted
Q. 5. Note making and summarizing
5.1 Objective: To use an appropriate style and format for making notes
62
Marking:
z Abbreviations / symbols (with / without key) 1 mark
z Title 1 mark
z Content ( minimum two sub headings with proper indentation
& notes) 2 marks
The following notes provided in the marking scheme are only guidelines.
Any other titles and sub- titles should be accepted, if they are indicative of
the students understanding of the given passage and the notes include the
main points with suitable abbreviations. Complete sentences should not be
accepted as notes.. Numbering of points should be consistent.
Title : Invention of the Bicycle
1. Wonder Invention
(a) speedy travel
(b) using ones own energy
(c) independent of external energy
2. Ist Bic'le Invented in 1839
(a) by K. Macmillan, Scotsman
(i) fitted two wheels to a frame
(ii) attached pedals to back-wheel
(iii) rode, coverd 112 km. in 10 hrs.
(iv) great feet acc. to the std. of that time
3. Improved designs
(a) made curved handlebar
(b) tyres thin
(i) neumatic types develd by Dunlop
(ii) revolutionalized road transport
(iii) success on smooth roads
(iv) failed on rough mountain roads
4. Mountain bike develd by Joe Breeze
(a) tyres made thick
(b) new gear system
(c) efficient handbrakes
(d) equally good on smooth roads & rough roads
63
Symbols / Abbreviations used (Key)
Ist first
Bic'le bicycle
coverd covered
Km kilometre
hrs hours
develd developed
acc. according
Std. standard
Q. 5.2 The summary should include all the important points given in the notes.
4 marks be awarded with the following consideration in view
z Content : 3
z Expression : 1 8 Marks
Q. 6 Paragraph / Report Writing
Objective: To use an appropriate style to write a paragraph, report, notice
etc. expressing opinion.
z To plan, organize and present ideas coherently.
z To present an argument
assessment scale
z Content : 3 marks
z Fluency : 1 marks
z Accuracy : 1 marks
Under content credit should be given for the candidates creativity in
presenting his / her own ideas.
Value Points
z workshop on the ground floor, residence above.
z lot of vehicles remain parked on the road.
z repair causing noise.
z no parking for residents left.
z roads remain blocked/cause jams.
z difficulties even for pedestrians
64
Or 6 marks
Value points are provided in the question paper itself
Note: The points given above are suggestive only . Any other relevant point
SECTION C (Grammar) 15 Marks
Q. 7. Objective: To use grammatical items accurately and appropriately, specifically
articles, prepositions, adjectives sentence connectors etc.
Marking: mark for each correct answer
(a) covers an area
(b) attracts a large
(c) famous for its
(d) varieties of native
(e) popular with fitness
(f) live in this 1/2x8 = 4 marks
(g) well as nature
(h) walks in the
Q. 8 Objective: To test knowledge of syntax and appropriate use of grammar
items like verbs, non- finites and passive voice.
(a) was saved
(b) had wandered/ wandered
(c) was chased
(d) trying
(e) was hit
(f) speeding 4 marks
(g) reached
(h) transported.
Q. 9. Objective: To use the test of reported speech
Marking: 4 marks (one mark for each blank)
(a) when he came / had come to the bank.
(b) that he came/ had come at about 12:30. 4 marks
(c) how much money he had bought
(d) that he had brought Rs. 25000/-
65
Q. 10. Objective: To reorder sense groups into a syntactically
coherent and complete sentences.
Marking: 3 marks (1 mark for each correct answer)
1. I always breathe in the fresh morning air.
2. That foolish remark made him angry.
3. I remember my childhood days with great pleasure. 3 Marks
Q. 11&12Objective: To test local and global understanding of prose passage
Q. 11 Marking: 1 mark for each value point. (5 marks)
(a) because of his faith/confidence in God
(b) God could not make mistake
could not deny his request (1+1)
(c) wanted to write to God again
(d) slightest. 5 marks
Q. 12 (a) seeing her husbands distress
(b) was right growing older/ hands and eyesight not strong
with ageing (1+1)
(c) continuous work / must be tired
(d) betraying 5 marks
Q. 13 Objective: To test knowledge and extrapolation of the text.
Marking: Content 4; Expression 2
z Sudha Chandran, an epitome of great will and determination
z started her career in Bharatnatyam
z met serious accident leg amputated became handicapped
z didnt give up practiced with Jaipur foot
z gave first pubic performance in Mumbai in 1984
z became a dancing star film & T.V. star
z any other person would have given up in despair
z source of inspiration for those who get depressed
66
Or 6 marks
z Anne talked too much in class.
z teacher assigned her extra home work, an essay on A chatter Box-
wrote well
z second assignment An Incorrigible Chatterbox
z attempted with convincing arguments
z assigned her another essay Quack,Quack,Quack,said Mistress Chatter
box
z this time, wrote in verse. It was about a mother duck, father swan and
three ducklings father let the babies to death because they quacked
too much.
z made him realize he was unfair
z no longer punished Anne
Q. 14 Objective: To test local and global knowledge of the play.
Marking: Content: 2 marks
Expression: 2 marks
z an elderly woman working at Mr. Reubens inn.
z a young man is lying on the bed, badly wounded and is dying.
z Bridget is nursing him but finds it hard to staunch his wound
therefore asks for a surgeon.
Or 4 marks
z knows no intricacies of law- service to humanity, the only creed.
z believes that one who saves a life deserves to be saved-so helps Dan
who takes risk of his life to save the Youngman
Q. 15 Objective : To test local and global understanding of the poem
Marking: 3 marks (1 each)
(a) a heap of dry grass/leaves
(b) the wind
(c) a bed for beggars or thieves
Or 3 marks
(a) because of winter
(b) Spring
(c) will bring new life/make the winds blow
67
Q. 16. Objective : To test the knowledge of theme as contained in the poem
Marking: 3 marks (content: 2, expression: 1)
z Voice of God guides
z tells the right from the wrong
z helps one in all circumstances of life
Or 3 marks
z things change, but never die
z eternity and continuity of life
z cycle of birth and death
Q. 17 Objective : To test appreciation of the poem
Marking: 2 marks (Content: 1, Expression: 1)
z To a hungry dog - keeps biting the bones with his clashing teeth - 2 marks
sea also keeps rolling on the beach, grinding stones, uttering loud
sounds
z on quiet days lies with his head between his paws (flows within
bounds)
Q. 18 Objective : to test appreciation of the poem
Marking: 2 marks (Content: 1, Expression: 1)
z Ralp, the Rover, a pirate
z plunders ships for a living
z jealouscuts the bell, doomed. 2 marks
Or
z Outside winds din, huge rattle
z Inside warm and comfortable, sheltered cosy warm house
Q. 19. Objective: To test knowledge and appreciation of the text
Marking: 7 marks
Content: 4 marks
Expression: 3 marks
z threw off bandages, whiskers, spectacles and even nose
z became headless
68
z constable, Mr. Jaffers grappled with a person throwing off one
garment after another- helped by people
z finally struggling with a person they could not see at all
z hit by blows that seemed to come from nowhere
z knocked unconscious.
Or 7 marks
z Tricki looked down at the dogs with dull eyes
z lay motionless- other dogs left him as an uninteresting object
z given no food, plenty of water , slept with dogs , improved
z other dogs started taking interest, gradually began to fight like a
tiger for his share of meal
z became an accepted member of the gang
Q. 20-23 Objective : To test knowledge and understanding of the text
Marking: 2 marks (content: 1; expression: 1)
Q. 20. z If he doesnt take the money,Anil will only waste it on his friends
z Anil doesnt even pay him 2 marks
Q. 21 z Friend, a rich lady, herself poor, could not bear to go to her because
of her complex
Or 2 marks
z thought the important paper needed extra protection
z told them to check on him to make sure every thing was alright
Q. 22 z tailor abandoned his machine, shut himself up in a cupboard ,praying
someone shot the tiger.
z constable fled abandoning a prisoner with his handcuffs 2 marks
Q. 23 z assistants came, griffin panicked , began to run
z chased, finally escaped
Or 2 marks
z to deliver papers, bring back painkillers and clean dressing for his
wounds.
z Russians had blown the medical station.
z Both the father and sister had also died
69
MARKING SCHEME
Section A (Reading) 20 Marks
Q Nos. 1-3
Objectives : To identify the main points of the text & to deduce the meaning
of unfamiliar lexical items.
Marking: 1 mark for each correct answer, No penalty for errors in
similar in meaning to the answers given below.
Q. 1.1 (a) no rain; covered in snow for most of the year 1+1
(b) by melting of snow 1
(c) goats, cows and dzos (any two) ( + ) 1
(d) produce costly pashmina wool 1
(e) due to its many passes 1
6 marks
Q. 2.1 (a) facial expressions and hand gestures ( + ) 1
(b) joy, anger or helplessness (any two) ( + ) 1
(c) to gain favour of gods 1
(d) for rain and good crops ( + ) 1
(e) 200 to 400 calories 1
(f) no boundaries / unites irrespective of language, race or region 1
6 marks
Q. 3.1 (a) Aryabhatta, IRS IB, INSAT 2A (any two) ( + ) 1
(b) Earths gravity & atmosphere do not affect them 1
(c) weather satellites, communication satellites; science satellites 1
(any two)
(d) used to predict the weather
warn people about storms / floods / forest fires etc. (1+1) 2
Q. 3.2 (i) gravity 1
(ii) currents 1
(iii) obstruct 1
8 marks
70
SECTION B (Writing) 20 marks
Q. 4. Letter Writing
Objective: To use an appropriate style and format to write a letter of
complaint, requests etc (formal) and to family and friends etc (informal)
To plan, organize and present ideas
assessment scale
Content : 3 marks
Fluency : 1 marks
Accuracy : 1 marks
Layout : layout includes senders address, date, designation and address
of addressee, subject, salutation , complementary close etc. according to
requirement
Under content, credit should be given for the candidates creativity in
Value Points
z street light not working( about six months)
z causing accidents
z old, woman and children worse affected
z unsocial elements active
z many cases of thefts & burglary reported
Or 6 marks
z number of students visited the zoo
z purpose of your visit
z animals you saw
z precautions observed
z what you learnt
z how you enjoyed
Note: The points given above are suggestive only. Any other relevant point
given by the student must be accepted.
Q. 5. Note making and summarizing
5.1 Objective: To use an appropriate style and format for making notes
71
Marking:
z Abbreviations / symbols (with / without key) 1 mark
z Title 1 mark
z Content ( minimum two sub headings with proper indentation 2 marks
& notes)
The following notes provided in the marking scheme are only guidelines.
Any other titles and sub- titles should be accepted, if they are indicative of
the students understanding of the given passage and the notes include the
main points with suitable recognizable abbreviations. Complete sentences
should not be accepted as notes.. Numbering of points should be consistent.
Title : Invention of the Bicycle
1. Wonder Invention
(a) speedy travel
(b) using ones own energy
(c) independent of external energy
2. Ist Bicycle Invented in 1839
(a) by K. Macmillan, Scotsman
(i) fitted two wheels to a frame
(ii) attached pedals to back-wheel
(iii) rode, coverd 112 km. in 10 hrs.
(iv) great feet acc, to the std. of that time
3. Improved designs
(a) made curved handlebar
(b) tyres thin
(i) Neumatic types devel'd by Dunlop
(ii) revolutionalized road transport
(iii) success on smooth roads
(iv) failed on rough mountain roads
4. Mountain bike develd by Joe Breeze
(a) tyres made thick
(b) new gear system
(c) efficient handbrakes
(d) equally good on smooth roads & rough roads
72
Symbols / Abbreviations used (Key)
Ist First
Bicle Bicycle
coverd covered
Km Kilometre
hrs hours
develd developed
acc. according
Std. standard
Q. 5.2 The summary should include all the important points given in the notes.
4 marks be awarded with the following consideration in view.
z Content : 3
z Expression : 1 8 marks
Q. 6. Paragraph / Report Writing
Objective: To use an appropriate style to write a paragraph, report, notice
etc. expressing opinion.
z To plan, organize and present ideas coherently.
z To present an argument
assessment scale
z Content : 3 marks
z Fluency : 1 marks
z Accuracy : 1 marks
Under content credit should be given for the candidates creativity in
Value Points
z too much traffic
z all kinds of traffic
z different kinds of loud noises, noise pollution
z noise uninterrupted
z causes lot of disturbance
z not able to study, concentrate
73
z sometimes sleeplessness and
z other ailments 6 marks
Or
Detailed value points are provided in the question paper itself
Note: The points given above are suggestive only . Any other relevant point
Q. 7. Objective: To use grammatical items accurately and appropriately,
specifically articles, prepositions, adjectives, sentence connectors etc.
(a) holes and / to move
(b) about in search
(c) places as shoes
(d) found a big
(e) kitchen on Friday
(f) friend who runs
(g) caught the snake
(h) with an/the advice. x8 = 4 marks
Q. 8. Objective: To test knowledge of syntax and appropriate use of grammar
items like verbs, non- finites and passive voice.
(a) fell down
(b) killing
(c) were sleeping
(d) took
(e) survived
(f) was rented out / had been rented out 1/2x8 = 4 marks
(g) were made
(h) to save.
74
Q. 9. Objective: To use the test of reported speech
Marking: 4 marks (one mark for each blank)
(a) where he had kept the money
(b) that it was in his briefcase
(c) where the briefcase was
(d) that he had put it on the counter 4 marks
Q. 10. Objective: To reorder sense groups into a syntactically
coherent and complete sentences.
Marking: 3 marks (1 mark for each correct answer)
1. Music makes the people milder and gentler.
2. Two candidates stood for election. 3 marks
3. He lost the election by a margin of 500 votes.
Q.11&12 Objective: To test local and global understanding of prose passage
Marking: 1 mark for each value point. (5marks)
Q. 11 (a) two and a half hours
(b) applauded for a long time
(c) an accident
(d) became a sensational star / invited to perform all over the world
(e) traumatic 5 marks
Q. 12 (a) Tuskless
(b) tearing noise
(c) to be chased by someone
(d) moved forward and started pulling on the poles and the wire
(e) wrapped. 5 marks
Q. 13 Objective: To test knowledge and extrapolation of the text.
Marking: Content: 4 ; Expression : 2
z Attitude towards God : unflinching faith goes to the extent of
writing a letter gets less money confident that God would not
commit a mistake & would not refuse to help.
75
z Attitude towards Man: faltering faith doubts the integrity of the
post office employees when receives only 70 pesos instead of
100 goes to the extent of calling them a bunch of crooks
Or 6 marks
Conflicts:
z mostly in poor countries badly governed
z power and wealth unfairly distributed between ethnic and religious
groups
Solution: fair representation of all groups with human rights, minority rights
& economic development .
Fear: fear of war, fear of the weapons of mass destruction
Solution: to believe that earth is not ours but a treasure we hold in trust for
our descendents.
Q. 14. Objective: To test local and global knowledge of the play.
Marking: Content: 2 marks ; Expression : 2 marks
z a highway man but humane and compassionate
z hungry & tired but fetches the surgeon to save the life of a
youngman
z sacrifices his safety, gets wounded, never robbed a dying man
Or 4 marks
z Calls the world strange, for strange things happen here
sometimes most opposite things exist
Dan, a notorious highway man, saves a gentleman, putting his
own life in danger, hence a gentleman.
Q. 15 Objective: To test local and global understanding of the poem.
Marking: 3 marks (1 each)
(a) The sea
(b) in the stormy night
(c) moon appears to be swinging from side to side
3 marks
Or
(a) everything changes its form but does not die
(b) winter
(c) time without end
76
Q. 16. Objective: To test knowledge of theme as contained in the poem.
Marking: 3 marks (Content: 2 ; Expression : 1)
z wants to listen to the Lord in all walks of life and in all circumstances.
z in business, in boredom, in certainty, in doubt, in noise and in silence
3 marks
Or
z Stream, wind ,clouds, heart
z Seasons Autumn , Summer, Winter & Spring
Q. 17. Objective: To test appreciation of the poem
Marking: 2 marks ( Content: 1, Expression 1)
z when flows smoothly within the bounds of its shores 2 marks
z no stir in water, no sound as if relaxing
Q. 18 Objective: To test appreciation of the poem
Marking: 2 marks ( Content: 1, Expression 1)
z cut the bell from the Inchcape Rock
z jealous of the Abbot of Abberbrothok who had placed the bell,
saved the mariners who blessed the Abbot.
Or 2 marks
z knocking at the door, creating a din
z driving at the windows
Q. 19 Objective: To test knowledge & appreciation of the text
Marking: 7 marks (Content: 4, Expression 3)
z Anil, a writer, simple, kind hearted person,
z noble minded & generous, gave place to Hari Singh, a thief,
z taught him to cook , read & write
z Hari singh made money from purchases, theft of notes (money)
z did not expose his theft reformed him by his love and sympathy
Or 7 marks
z searched for her brother for three days and nights
z turned over the corpses on the road to see him
77
z snubs Joszef for using small boys, calls these freedom fighters
worse than Russians
z only concern is to see her brother alive for which she prays day
and night
Q.20-23 Objective: To test knowledge & understanding of the text
Marking: 2 marks (Content: 1, Expression 1)
Q. 20. z poses as the mistress of the house - threatens him to call the 2 marks
police Horace unnerved - opens the safe as desired by her.
Q. 21 z gave him extras some malt, cod - liver oil , cream, cakes and
chocolates, a bowl of horlicks to make him sleep
z did not succeed went against his health
Or 2 marks
z report concerning some new missiles
z for which several people risked their lives
Q. 22 z Lawyer- working as clerk serving summons like a private
detective going to dirty places-maltreated not real work of
a lawyer 2 marks
Q. 23 z Anil gave Hari singh the note he had stolen
z note was still wet did not expose his theft
z said they would resume writing sentences
Or 2 marks
z filled with the spirit of patriotism
z extremely daring (give example such as going on roller skates in
the midst of Russian army)
78
f g Un h i kB~; e v f g Un h i kB~; e v f g Un h i kB~; e v f g Un h i kB~; e v f g Un h i kB~; e v
f u / kkZf j r l e ; % f u / kkZf j r l e ; % f u / kkZf j r l e ; % f u / kkZf j r l e ; % f u / kkZf j r l e ; % 3 33 33 ?kaVs ?kaVs ?kaVs ?kaVs ?kaVs v f / kd r e v ad % v f / kd r e v ad % v f / kd r e v ad % v f / kd r e v ad % v f / kd r e v ad %1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
f u n sZ' k % f u n sZ' k % f u n sZ' k % f u n sZ' k % f u n sZ' k % (i) := +.=+| = =| r| r - =, r|, = | |+
(ii) =|| r|| = +.=| = =-| :=| i=+|= r+
(iii) =||=-|+ +== r| = =-| ==.| inir|)+
i z' u i =k l a[ ; k 3 @1 @1 i z' u i =k l a[ ; k 3 @1 @1 i z' u i =k l a[ ; k 3 @1 @1 i z' u i =k l a[ ; k 3 @1 @1 i z' u i =k l a[ ; k 3 @1 @1
[ kaM ^d * [ kaM ^d * [ kaM ^d * [ kaM ^d * [ kaM ^d *
. . . . . i=-=inir|- +.=| = =-| )=-:| .|:| =| =| =| =| =| )=-:| +|+=| = :|i=)
(r|) i=-r| :| |=| = =|= =-|:) i===| |=-|||| ir-:| r+
(=) +r|| ir-:| =| :| =|in=| = =|= inir|)+
(|) =-+=--|||| = +=| i-|+|= r
z. z. z. z. z. i=:.||==| =-| :|i=)
(r|) --r| | = | = ---------- i|= :| =r| r+
(=+=+- == +: = i+- =||= =| +i- =|i=))
(=) +r | i===| r (i+.||| =|== ===| -|: inir|))
s. s. s. s. s. i=:.||==| =-| :|i=)
(r|) =r )= :| =|| r+ (i=||+|== +|+= = =:n= inir|))
(=) =|:i=n =| =|= == ==| ||+ | =|: =||= =r| ||+ +r =|=|n= :
= +r=|+ (=n +|+= = +|+= =.n|| =|i=))
(|) -|=+|= --r =:=i, :+ (| = ==| +|+=--|: =-|:))
79
1. 1. 1. 1. 1. (=) =+|= v Fko k v Fko k v Fko k v Fko k v Fko k =+-|| =| =|: )= =:|r| :|i=)+
(r|) r||i=- .|| = +=+- n=|| = =|= inir|)
(i) - =|r= = = ==| -+ ===| ==|=
(ii) ===i--=:-=||-=:i|- =+=| )=| ==i= =r| |
(iii) =+|i=- -||=| r+|) =:| +|+= =| =|r||
[ kaM ^[ k* [ kaM ^[ k* [ kaM ^[ k* [ kaM ^[ k* [ kaM ^[ k*
s. s. s. s. s. i:) =) i=-:| = ||| + i=-=inir|- i+|=| = = i==| , d , d , d , d , d + n=-|= zs
.|:| = )= ==: inir|) s
(=) v kv ks] g e v i u k u x j @x ko l o kj sa v kv ks] g e v i u k u x j @x ko l o kj sa v kv ks] g e v i u k u x j @x ko l o kj sa v kv ks] g e v i u k u x j @x ko l o kj sa v kv ks] g e v i u k u x j @x ko l o kj sa
z ===|+ = +i- n=|+ +=|
z i=+|i==| = =|===-|
z i.|-|| | i=i==| =i+||)
z +i+r= ====| | ==|||=
z +|=+i= += == =:|)
(r|) l e qn zr V d k l kSan ; Z l e qn zr V d k l kSan ; Z l e qn zr V d k l kSan ; Z l e qn zr V d k l kSan ; Z l e qn zr V d k l kSan ; Z
z -= =| =||=-|
z +|=i-= +|-|+|
z +===| =| -||
z ==:-==|= =| |=:
z i+i+| =i-i+i|=|
c. c. c. c. c. = | =ni=| = =:- +=|+ =| :r|- r) i=i==|n=| = +=|- i=i==|
=i+||| =| | =|= |=i|- == r- |= = =+|== =|| =| +| inir|)+ :
v Fko k v Fko k v Fko k v Fko k v Fko k
+=| i+.|| =i==| =| +i== :- r) += i+:.|| +|-i=| =| +| inir|)+
[ kaM ^x * [ kaM ^x * [ kaM ^x * [ kaM ^x * [ kaM ^x *
=== += i+=|| = ==+ r| r|-| r+ =r =r|+- = =+n === + n|=
80
r|-| r, += :-=| =|+= r i= =|=+-=|+= =| r )= +=|| | +ii=|i- -=
:==| +r= r+ =|=+ =| =i| === ===- i+=|| =| =| r+ == +||| =|= =
==-| r | === i==| i=-+ ||| =r| = ==-|, ==| -r === =| r )=
== i+=| = =r| =|=| = =+-= r|-| r | === i==| +== =r| r| ==-|+ =r
i=: || - |+ .|-=-= | i+=|-=-= :| =| + =| = =|=| + ==|= =+ = n|= r| -|
r+ =|= i+=| =| =n r -|| |=-: | :r| =n r+ := -r =|=+ +=| r|-|
= =| | =+ =n| =| ==r =-| r+ i+=| = =i=- ==|+ | |= +=|=
;|| =|=+ i:= +|+ +|- =-| r | :=+=|= = +.|-| = ||-n + i=-|
r+ :-r| :| =|=|| = =|= =i| =| + =-|| i|=| +|: =|-| r, i===| i==|-|
| =+|=| =|=+ =+= r+
(i) =+=+- ==|.| = in) =+=+- .|||= :|i=)+
(ii) === += i+=|| = ==+ r|-| r+ nr|= = )=| +=| =r| r
(iii) =|= i+=| =| =n r -|| |=: | :r| =n r - =|= =| |.|= =+=
=|i=)+
(iv) i+=| =| ==|+ +=| =r-++| r
(v) == | i+=| =| +=+ +=| ==| r
=| -| |:- r| )=| =|| =|= r =| =n+
i= =r| ==| +|)=| =r i+n+== +||+| ==,
:= nr| = ==|= + |-| r-r= =| ==++
81
(i) |r| =|i+= = +=| |=r =-| r | +=|
(ii) |r| =| -|=-||- r|= = r=| +=| =| =r| n=-|
(iii) |r| = += |+=| == =| |=| +=| =r| r
(iv) i+n+| =| =|= -|| == +|i=- +=| =r| = +|=|
(v) -||+ =+= =|i=) - =|= i+==-=| n=-| r, =||| = r r| ==+
[ kaM ^?k* [ kaM ^?k* [ kaM ^?k* [ kaM ^?k* [ kaM ^?k*
, d , d , d , d , d
2+2+2+2 = 8
(=) +=| ==== =r =-|+ )= =|=i== -|=-+ =r| r, =| === =| ===| =
=r i= i==| === = +|= ==| = r| =r|, =i: =+= = -|| == =+r| |
=||= r|, + ===| :.| =n|= r| =| i==| -|| := =+ = r|= r|, -| + =|
=+r| | =||= == =|+ =r| : ==-+
(i) i===|, =|=-=| =-|+ nr|= = =|=i== -|=-+ =| =|| ==|
(ii) ==| | =+= = =| =+r| i=== in) -= r | +=|
(iii) i+i+| =+r| | =||= == =i+- = =|+ = =|| ==- r
(iv) =+= +- + i+-=| = ;|| n r|= : .|+|i==| =| +=| =-: .| : =| =|r-| r
(r|) +r =| ===|n|, =:, =| :=|- r, +r i== + i==| r :== ==| =|
|+ :r|| =- r, +=| =-|| |+= :==| =|+ =| | -|| =|= i:=| r
:i==| ==== :r|-| r, =+ =| |+| :r|-| r, |+| = =|= =| |=
== r, == + i=-= n|=| =| =|= =|-| r |= == =:| i.|+= r|-|
r| r, i=-- +r r=.|| r| =-:= -|| r| =r |+.== =r|+
(i) :=|-| =| ||| +=| r|-| r == + :.|=| =| =|= +=| =r| =|-|
(ii) ==| =| r| :r|=| r=|| i== ++i-| =| :=|-= r
(iii) == =| =:| =: r|=| |+.== +=| =r| r
(iv) =+=+- ==|.| =| =:.| += .|:| = inir|)+
+. +. +. +. +. i=-=inir|- = = i=-r| n ks n ks n ks n ks n ks +.=| = =-| n=-|= s+ .|:| = :|i=) 3+3 = 6
(=) + = =| |- =r|=| = ||| + =-|:) i= = r ) r| - =| :.|| : r|= = -=|
| r-= + =| +i-i==| r:, +r -||- = i|=|.| i==|=| =| +i-i==| r+
82
(r|) |=| = +| = +| = ||| + ==n i.|-|= = =i+-+ + +=|.|
|in)+
(=) =|r|= +=| =:- r +| =| nr|= ==|= =| +=| =:.| :=| =|r-| r
. . . . . i=-=inir|- +.=| = = i=-r| n ks n ks n ks n ks n ks = =-| =-|+ = :|i=) 3+3 = 6
(=) =r|=|=+ i=|n| +| = ||| + i=|n| =| = =i+-+ = +|+=|| =+
=| =:|r| := =+= =|i=)+
(r|) r||=-ir|n|= =| |=|= .||= +| = ||| + =-|:) i= nr|= =| +=||
= =|| r=::| +=| =-|=| +|
(=) |==||= = )= =|+ =| -||=||| =| nr|= i:-n| = i==n= i-n|i==| r|
+=| ==|
z. z. z. z. z. (=) | |= =| =|=|i== =|+= =| i+==| =| +n- =:|r| +=| =r| ==|
r s
=+|n| =| r=| =r| =|: ==| =r| r - |=| = +| = +| =| =r
=|= r=| ==|= =| i== ++i-|=| =| =:||i=- =-| r
(r|) =r=| = +=| i+ =|= = in) r-= = +=| i==| += =| |- =r|=| =
||| + =-| :|i=)+ z
s. s. s. s. s. i=-=inir|- = = i==| , d , d , d , d , d =|=|.| =| +:= += =) +.=| = =-| :|i=) 2+2+2+2 = 8
==- ==|= =|= - =||+
=r| ri-, =|=| r ==|, :r|| =|ir ==r == r|||++
=|r =| r= ==--= |+i-, r|ni- ri- |+=| +||+
==- ri- =+=i= =:-:|=| =- i=- =|r|=-:i|-=||++
--r| =r| =|i r= nr, r|n= =n| == i=in =||+
=:|= +-| i==-i=|=i=, =|-i= -|: |i|=| -|||++
(i) =| = ||| =| +i== i== +=| +|- i==|
(ii) ||| = == =| | = |= =| +=| =|| =-|=|
(iii) =| = ||| = |-|+ =| +i-+|: == i==|
(iv) = = =| =| i== i.||=i| +=| =r| r
83
== r= =r| == -= =r|
== r =r= =|| r|+
=|| = r= = i=) -| +=| i=) r= =| i= -=+
=| =- r| +r =- r|, =| +-- = = = ===+
=| n-= -|n ==| =r|+
=| r| :r| ==| =r|+
i=== +|= +||= =|=|, =|- ===| r| r|+
(i) =-= i== =|=| ==| r | +=|
(ii) =i+ ==| = +|=-i+= i+=-| i===| =|=-| r
(iii) =+=+- =|=-+i+-=| ;|| =i+ +=| =:.| :=| =|r-| r
(iv) +|= +||= +=| r +r n-= +|i- = == =r|== r
1. 1. 1. 1. 1. i=-=inir|- =|=| .|| = = i==| , d , d , d , d , d = =|= =| -:= =-=-|| + .=| = =-| inir|) 2+2+2+2 = 8
(=) =|i= ==|= n=|+i= r|+
==ir| =rr =| |ir --r|++
=i= ==r== ==n =|=|+
==i= =|= == =r ===|=|++
i--rir i=n|i= i=n|=i- |=|+
:r ==|= ===- = ==|++
==i= =+= =|n =====|+
=|n| =| === i+====|++
(i) =+=+- =|=-+i+-=| = -||+-=|-:= =| :| i+.||-|) inir|)+
(ii) ==i= =|= == =r ===|=| -|| =|n =====| = +=+- n=|| =
=|= inir|)+
(iii) =|=|.| =| -|||| -|| =-: =| )=-)= i+.||-| =| =-nr| =|i=)+
(iv) =|-| = ==|= =| =|| | ===| +i-i==| + i=+|| =|i=)+
v Fko v Fko v Fko v Fko v Fko k kk kk
84
(r|) =ir +|=, =ir =| =|, =ir i+=|= :ir =|n+
n|, =n| r| =| ==|, |= =|= r+|n++
=|=: + inr|- = ==-, =r- =:= n=|-+
=irr == -| ir=|, = ir= =| =|-++
(i) +rn :|r =| -=|i+- =| =+= =|i=)+
(ii) := :|r =| -||+ =|:= =+= =|i=)+
(iii) =+=+- :|r| = =+|= n=| = :| =:|r| === inir|)+
(iv) :|r| = +=+- -|||| =| :| i+.||-|) inir|)+
s. s. s. s. s. i=-=inir|- = = i==| , d , d , d , d , d +.= =| =-| :|i=) s
(=) =|:n |= =i+-| = =i+ =|:n = i==-i== =| =n== == =| |=r =
r| r | +=|
(r|) ==-| --|| ++|- r =i+-| = +i-+|= =| =+= =|i=)+
c. c. c. c. c. i=-=inir|- = = i==| , d , d , d , d , d +.= =| =-| =-|+ = :|i=) s
(=) = +r| r =i+-| = =i+ = +=| =+i=|i- =r|-=r| =-|: r
(r|) =i-|=| = =|-=+=+ =| =i+-| = ||| + =+= =|i=)+
:. :. :. :. :. =:|= v Fko k v Fko k v Fko k v Fko k v Fko k |=||| i=r i:== =| =|+=-+i== :- r) ===| =|iri==
i+.||-|| + +=|.| |in) | i=-r| :| ==|| = =|= inir|)+ s
s. s. s. s. s. =| === = ||| + i=-=inir|- = = i=-r| r hu r hu r hu r hu r hu +.=| = =- :|i=) zxs = c
(=) =|= | ==| +| = ||| + =-|:) i= =|-= = += +| =| i==
+- =| =|: i:n|: | +=|
(r|) )=. =|. =n= = =|= inr| +| = ||| + n|==|-= i-n= = =| =
=-|||=: =|= = i+=| =+= =|i=)+
(=) =|.|, = =|= =|:i=n r|-| +| =| nr|= r|.| |- r| =+= =| =r| |
i== r|n = +|-| r
(|) =|-.||| +| =| nir|=| = |.|-|| =|=| =| +|= +i== i== =+ =
+=-- i==| r
85
+. +. +. +. +. i=-=inir|- = = i==| , d , d , d , d , d +.= =| =- :|i=) 1
(=) =nn| = =--=- =r.| :| +| = ||| + =+= =|i=) i= -||- = ==|
= +=| |= i+=-| == i==|
(r|) +| = ||| + =+= =|i=) i= ==|=|- =n r||) i=-r =r| ==| r+
)=| =r= = -|= =||| =| =-nr| =|i=)+
i z' u i =k l a[ ; k 3 @1 i z' u i =k l a[ ; k 3 @1 i z' u i =k l a[ ; k 3 @1 i z' u i =k l a[ ; k 3 @1 i z' u i =k l a[ ; k 3 @1
[ k. M d [ k. M d [ k. M d [ k. M d [ k. M d
. . . . . i=-=inir|- +.=| = =-| )=-:| .|:| =| =| =| =| =| )=-:| +|+=| = :|i=)
(r|) +=|===n= ir-:| =| +=| |.|= r
(=) ++| ir-:| =| :| =|in=| = =|= inir|)+
(|) ir-:|-i:+= == | +=| ==|=| =|-| r
z. z. z. z. z. i=:.||==| =-| :|i=)
(r|) := +r| =| ---------- =r- =i= r+
(-||++|== =n| = i+--=||= =| +i- =|i=))
(=) i:=, +=|=+ (i+.||| ==|:))
s. s. s. s. s. i=:.||==| =-| :|i=)
(r|) +|| |)=|+ (=:r+|== +|+= = =:n= inir|))
(=) =|| ||=| =i- = =n r| ||+
|| = =|| == i:r||: =r| : r| ||+
=|| ==.|= + i+n= = +r=|+ (=n +|+= = +|+= =.n|| =|i=))
(|) =i: === + +|=| :|= -| +|| = +=+= (| = ==| +|+=--|: =-|:))
1. 1. 1. 1. 1. (=) .n| v Fko k v Fko k v Fko k v Fko k v Fko k =+-|| n=| =| =|: )= =:|r| :|i=)+
86
(r|) i=-=inir|- r||i=- .|| = +=+- n=|| = =|= inir|)
(i) =|==n =-:| ri|:+
(ii) =r ni= =r| ==|: i=i=| i=i|+
(iii) +r| =-| =i==|-=| .|n=|n|)
s. s. s. s. s. i:) =) i=-:| = ||| + i=-=inir|- i+|=| = = i==| , d , d , d , d , d i+|= + n=-|=
++-zs .|:| = ==: inir|) s
(=) Lo kf Hke ku Lo kf Hke ku Lo kf Hke ku Lo kf Hke ku Lo kf Hke ku
z =i+-+ =| |--i= =|
z |==|+ )+ |=+i-|-+=|=
z =|r=, +|-|, :.|+= |i: =|| =| ===
z =|i- )+ |= = +i- i=|--||+ =| =||
z n|-|-n|n=, =-==, =|=-|
z =+|i-|=|= | |= = -
(r|) f ' k{ kd v kSj f ' k{ kkFkhZ f ' k{ kd v kSj f ' k{ kkFkhZ f ' k{ kd v kSj f ' k{ kkFkhZ f ' k{ kd v kSj f ' k{ kkFkhZ f ' k{ kd v kSj f ' k{ kkFkhZ
z |:.| i.|-|= =|=
z ==|= = -|i==|
z i.|-|||| =| i=| | +|-+:.|=
z i.|-|||| =| =-=
z :|=| = +=+ ==|
c. c. c. c. c. |+= i=== = =+-|n = |+.== =+=|| )+ ||i|=| = -||+ = =||
| i==| =| =r - =i=|:=| =| =|==| ==| + r| r + := ====| =| |
i|=|i=| =| =|= |=i|- == = in) i==| ==|=|-+| = =+|:= =| +|
inir|)+ :
+= -||: = i++|r = ===- |=|==| =| =-nr| =- r) += i+:.|| i=| =|
+| inr|= == i++|r-==||r = |=i|- =|i=)+
87
+== +-||- =: =|= n= =+i=|- r|-| r, + =i: r== =n -|| +=| =
+-||- =| =+| = n|-| =r| =|=| -| |= = +-||- = n|-| =|= =| r=|| .|i+-
-||| r| -| =|)=|, | =r| =i- r| -| i= r= == .|i+- =| i=-= n r| = +| = = +
i==| i+;|= = |= r| =r| r i= r||: r: =-+i-| ==r|=| | +i= = +|- =|
=| ==-| r, -|n| r| n|= === = +|- r| ==-| r, =+|=| r| =+|== :+|
| = == = n| =|=| =| ==-| r , +-- == i==| r | === =:| = in) =n| =|-|
r+ +r == ==i- =| )= =|= r| =|-| r | -|- =| )= =|=|-=|| r =|-|
r + n === =|r|| + i--||.||n| =i+- +=| = = = )= =| =|-=| + =-= r= .|| n =
i==n-| ||+ =-r i=--| r-| || i= =r| =|: || =| = =n| =|)+ -= r= ==
=|||| ===| =| += =-= === =| == r|= = ==|= = in) +=| =r| ==|
=|ir) +i--||+|= +=| === = =|=-=|= ==| =| ==|= =r|= r| =|- r |
+=| ==n-| + |.== == +|n =-r =| r| = =|= :- r+ =-r =|+=--|
=-|| === =| =-= =|n= r| =r| r| +|-|+
(i) =+=+- ==|.| =| =+=+- .|||= :|i=)+
(ii) === =| n|-| =|= =| .|i+- == -||| r| =|-| r
(iii) == i==| r| === +=| =r| n|=|=| =| ==-|
(iv) |+ += =-= === =| =:+=|= == =- r
(v) +-||- =| n|-| =|= = nr|= =| +=| |.|= r
88
(i) |+= i+=| = ||+-| =|= r| ==-| r == r| ||+-| =|== =| |||
=-|:)+
(ii) === |=|:| n= =| =|==| i=|n| |r i:r||: ||
(iii) |.|= =+= =|i=) - =-||| = r| n=||
(iv) ||+-| = :i==| = ||| i==|= = in) +=| =+|= ==|=| ||
(v) |=|:| =| i=-=:|| =|= = in) === +=| =-:.| i:=| r
, d , d , d , d , d
2+2+2+2 = 8
(=) = += :.| =| )= =|=i= r | =|=-| r i= = r| +=| :.| r+ == =
+= n|-| | =-=|= = in) r= =|=|-=|=| =|- + =|= :-| r, += r|
= += :.| = n|-| | =-=|= = in) -|| =|=|-=|=| =|-| -= + =|= :,
=r =| =-= r | == = += =-=|= | =||=| = += =|+= = =r||
+|-| r, += r| :.| = =-=|= | =||=| = -|| =r|| +|=, =r =| i|=|
r+ =|- =r r i= = | =| :.| :| n= =|= -| r r| =r|
(i) :.| | === =|=i= = i-|-=-| =| -||+ == +:| r|-| r
(ii) i==| =|=i= = r:= = += :.| = n|-| | =-=|= = +i- =|===-|
== =+-= r|-| r
(iii) :.| = +i- =|=i= = =-= =| =+= =|i=)+
(iv) nr|= = =|=i= = i|=| =| == ===|=| r
(r|) :r| = := r:=-=|= = =-r|= =| =- i==|n|, +r ===| = =i+-|
=|=-==i- ||+ ===| +=| =| i=-| =r| =n| ||, =-r =|: ||+ +|=
=r|=, = =|: :|n)=| = n|.|| = =|| ==| =| ++|r i== =| + ==
==| ||, =r -|| =-r =|: ||+ =-r|= +=| r| :r| =r| =n|, :=| = :r|
= + | -|| =i|- r)+ =|| = =-r == = i:=| ||+ i= -|| += =
89
i|= :=| =| =|| = +|i- r|= =-r|= +=| =+=|-| = i:=| = -||
inr|| r - =| +=| |n|= i=r|||, = =| ==+|= = +||...
(i) i=|n| =| = += =|+= = +=|-+=| :r| =n |
(ii) =i+ = =|=-==i- +=| inr|| || == = =i+-| +=| =r| =|-|
r
(iii) = = =r| =| ==-| r i= i=|n| : =| = : r| = =r - =i|- r| - |
(iv) ==|.| = ||| + i=|n| = =+-||+ + i=+|| inir|)+
+. +. +. +. +. i=-=inir|- = = i=-r| n ks n ks n ks n ks n ks +.=| = =-| n=-|= s+ .|:| = :|i=) 3+3 = 6
(=) | |= +| = | |= == =i+- =| +-|= r =| =:n-| +ii=|i-=|
= =|| =|| === r ==| r - =|= =| =+= =|i=)+
(r|) =|r| = +=| =:- r +| = ||| + =+= =|i=) i= ||i== == = =r||
)+ =--= =|+= = in) +|= | =) =| =|==== +=| |+.== r+
(=) |==||= = )= =|+ i-n|i==| = i=|- ==||= = =n =.= =| =+= =-
r) =-|:) i= -||- = := +=| = ==||=| =| +=| =+=|i=-| r+
. . . . . i=-=inir|- +.=| = = i=-r| n ks n ks n ks n ks n ks = =-| =-|+ = :|i=) 3+3 = 6
(=) ==n-i.|-|= = )=| =|=-=| |==| ==|: i=== :|= := +|n| = :|= :=
+= =| |-= ===|+ |=| = +| = +| = ||| + =-| :|i=)+
(r|) += =| |- =r|=| = ||| + =+= =|i=) i= =r=| =| =+) :- ===
r-= = == + +=| =|- r| ||+
(=) r||=-ir|n|= =| |=|= .||= = nr|= = = r||=n = |= +=| +=|==
r|| | r||=n = == + +=| +i-i==| i:r||:
z. z. z. z. z. (=) =|r|= +=| =:- r +| = ||| + =+= =|i=) i= =+ =| +=|= r=||
++| =| +-|= == r+ s
=|+ =| := +| = =|= =in:|= =| ==|= =| |||i.|n| +=| =r| ==| r
(r|) r||=-ir|n|= =| |=|= .||= +| = ||| + =-|:) i= nr|= =| +=||
= =|| r=::| +=| =-|=| +|+ z
90
s. s. s. s. s. i=-=inir|- = = i==| )= =|=|.| =| +:= += =) +.=| = =-| :|i=) 2+2+2+2 = 8
(=) =|-||-i=| = - r| |+
=:--|+= -|i +i ==i= =in, == =| =|i|i= i=i- =r| |++
:r|| =|: |= =|=n =, |-| ==i- i=i- :r| |+
=r ni= =r| ==|: =r- i=i|, =r- = =r| =r=r i==r| |++
===i--=:-=||-=:i| -, =+=| )=| ==i= =r| |+
=.=|= +-| ::-=|n=i=, ==-=i=-| = n|: =r| |++
(i) =|-||-i=| i== =r| ==| r | +=|
(ii) =|i+=| = =|-||-i=| =| =|+=-| =| +|= == i==| r
(iii) == =+-|i.| =| =:==-=|n i== =-|=| r | +=|
(iv) =+=+- +: = +-| i== =r| ==| r ===| -n=| i=== =| =: r |
+=|
(r|) =|| :| == -|| r =:| r|| =n|),
=|) = + =n- r) += =| =n-,
| :|ir=| :=|-:i= +|= =| | =:|)+
-|r| = =r| | == =|-
:|-| - -||=-i+||-| = +=| +|-
|= |=| =| +|= r =|-+
=|= r =| +-|n + =-|| == + r| r),
| =+= n= =| === =-| -|| r r)+
(i) i-|r||| = =|| |) :|=| == += r||| = +=| =+- =- r
(ii) -||r| = i=n= + ==| =| +=| :.|| r| =: r
(iii) :|-| =| -||=-i+||-| +=| =r| r
(iv) =+=+- +i+-=| = =|=-=| .| |+=| ===+.|| n=-| r | +=|
91
1. 1. 1. 1. 1. i=-=inir|- =|=| .|| = = i==| , d , d , d , d , d = =|= =| -:= =-=-|| + .=| = =-| inir|) 2+2+2+2 = 8
(=) =r= =-||= =-|= -= =|+ =|= nr|= n| :+ =|++
=ri =:= i=| =n :|=|+ i+= -= i=-: -||r =i =|=|++
r|== == i-|= ===i=+ i== +i- =r= i--rir i== ===i=++
-|: =i:- == =|==|=|+ =-r |= |i= == n=|++
(i) =+=+- =|=-+i+-=| = -||+-=|-:= =| :| i+.||-|) inir|)+
(ii) =|-|=| = += +i- =| +i== i== +=| i:=|, === -||+-=|:= +
i=+|| =|i=)+
(iii) =r= =-||= =-|= -= =| | =ri =:= i=| =n :|=| = |)
:| n=|| =| =+= =|i=)+
(iv) =+=+- =|=|.| i== -|||| | i== =: = =| ==| r
v Fko v Fko v Fko v Fko v Fko k kk kk
(r|) =|= r =|i= =-=, = =ir =|: =|=+
-|| == =|r=-=+ i=in, +|=| = =| n|=++
=- =|= i+=| +=|, =| == = =+
|:= :-: =|in=-, =|== =in =| =++
(i) =+=+- =|=|.|| = -||+-=|-:= =| :| i+.||-|| =| =-nr| =|i=)+
(ii) +rn | := =|=|.| = +=+- i=-r| :| n=|| = =|= inir|)+
(iii) :|=| =|=|.|| = =-: -|| -|||| =| =|= inir|)+
(iv) := =|=|.|| = +=+- -|||| =| :| i+.||-|) =-|:)+
s. s. s. s. s. i=-=inir|- = = i==| , d , d , d , d , d +.= =| =-| :|i=) s
(i) + -|-|| =i+-| = +| | = =: = | = n= -=n= =| + i==| = ;|| =|=+-=|+=
= i+=|= = =-=-| = +=| ==- i=n-| r
(ii) =i+ ==|-| =i+-| ;|| +=| =:.| :=| =|r-| r
c. c. c. c. c. i=-=inir|- = = i==| , d , d , d , d , d +.= =| =-| =-|+ = :|i=) s
(i) )= =|= i:= =i+-| = i:=-i+.|| =| )= =|= i:= +=| =r| ==| r
(ii) = +r| r =i+-| = =- i==-i== =| =|= =| =|= = r| r
92
:. :. :. :. :. -n=|:|= v Fko k v Fko k v Fko k v Fko k v Fko k ==:|.| =- =| =|+=-+i== :- r) ===| =|iri==
i+.||-|| + +=|.| |in) | i=-r| :| ==|| = =|= inir|)+ s
s. s. s. s. s. =| === = ||| + i=-=inir|- = = i=-r| r hu r hu r hu r hu r hu +.=| = =- :|i=) z x s = c
(=) =|= | ==| =r|=| = ||| + =-|:) i= -|r| =:|= =| -i- =|
=-|+ +=| r|+
(r|) =-||| =-: =|= =| +| )=.=|. =n= = =|= +| = ||| + =-|:) i=
n|==|-= i-n= =| += =r +| = =n-=|+= = :||= i==-i== .|||i=
| =|=i== =|||| = ===| +|+
(=) =|.|, = =|= =|:i=n r|-| +| = ||| + =+= =|i=) i= nr|= =|
=r +=| n=| i= ===| =|= =|:i=n =| i===- === i|= =| r+
(|) =|-.||| =r|=| = |.|-|| =|=| += =| i.-| =| ===| =| =|= +=|
:- r
+. +. +. +. +. i=-=inir|- = = i==| , d , d , d , d , d +.=| = =- :|i=) 1
(=) +=| =--=- i==-| :r|= -|| =|:.||r =n|=- = =|: =:= +=| =r|
=|=| :== i--= ==n =|:.||r| =| +=| -=+| =-|-| r ==n| =
=--=-| =r.| :| +| = ||| + =+= =|i=)+
(r|) ==|=|- =n r||) +| = ||| + +1z = :| =| == |==| =| +|=
+= .|:| = =|i=) i=== =||=| =|= = :.|- += = i=| +|| =| irn|=
r| i:=|+
93
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l ke kU; f u n sZ' k % l ke kU; f u n sZ' k % l ke kU; f u n sZ' k % l ke kU; f u n sZ' k % l ke kU; f u n sZ' k %e wY; kad u d j r s l e ; d ì ; k f u Eu f y f [ kr f u n sZ' kksad s i zf r l ko / kku h c j f r , A e wY; kad u d j r s l e ; d ì ; k f u Eu f y f [ kr f u n sZ' kksad s i zf r l ko / kku h c j f r , A e wY; kad u d j r s l e ; d ì ; k f u Eu f y f [ kr f u n sZ' kksad s i zf r l ko / kku h c j f r , A e wY; kad u d j r s l e ; d ì ; k f u Eu f y f [ kr f u n sZ' kksad s i zf r l ko / kku h c j f r , A e wY; kad u d j r s l e ; d ì ; k f u Eu f y f [ kr f u n sZ' kksad s i zf r l ko / kku h c j f r , A
. =-=|==| =| =.= =-=|== =| i|=|i|= +=-i= ==|=| r+ =-=|==| = i:) =)
=-|-i=: i-= =r| r+ = ==|+|== )+ =|=i-= r+ =i: +|-|||| = :== i-|-=, i=- =+=+-
=-| i:) r -| == =+=+- = i:) =|)+
z. =-=|== == +|n +|-|=| = =|| == -= +|= i:= +=i+-= |+| =|=ir= =+ =
=-=|==| + -|n|--||i- |:=|+|- i+=|-i+i=== =r| r| =|-| -= -= =-=|== |-| =
=|=| =|)+
s. = -=| ==-=|= +=| i==| =|r=| = = =| =r| =i-= =-=| ==| = i=i: = i=: .||= =| r| i==| =|)+
1. +.= = =+-||=| = =-|| + :|: | = i:) =|), =|: = =+-||=| = := =| =| =|= =|:
| = r|i.|= = inr|= == =|n|=- = i:=| =|)+
s. =i: +.= =| =|: =+-||= =r| r -| == + =|: | r| = i:) =|)+
c. =i: +|-|||| = i==| i-i+- +.= =| =-| -|| inr| i:=| r -| i== +.= =| +rn rn i==|
==| r == + = : | =|: = i=) r) =| =|= :+
:. =i-|- i=- =+=+- i++== = =|| +=-- i==| ==| i=:+- =-| i+=-- i++== =| +-||
=| =|=| =|)=|+ )= =-|| =| =i=- =r-+ := =| +-|| r+
s. =|-=| =| )= r| +=| =| .|, +-=| + = = =|=+
+. .|:-=|=| = i|= .|: r|= + -|| = = =|= =|)+
+. +i- =:=|.| | =|=|.| = +.=| = +|-||i|=| =| === = i-|=i+-=- =|=-| =|
i|= =r-+ = i:=| =|) i=== +|-||i|=| =| =|| r|i= r|+
. =-=|== = =+| = +=|= - + = ++ =| +=|= -||= r ||- +|-|||| = ; f n l Hkh v i sf { kr ; f n l Hkh v i sf { kr ; f n l Hkh v i sf { kr ; f n l Hkh v i sf { kr ; f n l Hkh v i sf { kr
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94
i z' u &i =k&l a[ ; k 3 @1 @1 i z' u &i =k&l a[ ; k 3 @1 @1 i z' u &i =k&l a[ ; k 3 @1 @1 i z' u &i =k&l a[ ; k 3 @1 @1 i z' u &i =k&l a[ ; k 3 @1 @1
ir:|
=. -||| +|=|= -||||-+i+| (ir :|)
:i+ -||||-+i+| (-i=n) +=1
r|. i:-n|, =-| +:.|, ir=|=n +:.|, ri=|||, =-||r|,
==+:.|, i=r|, |==||=, =|=-i==|=| (=|: :|) +=1
=. =:+|n|, ==|==|, =i=|n|ir=|=n| (=|: :|) +=1
|. i-|-= -||||) =|n= +|n n|= |+=| =+r| = in)
i== -|||| =| +=|= =- r+ 1
z. = =||= +i= ==r =| .|: =r- r+ 1
r| =|=== 1
= +r-=|+=|i== i+.||| +=1
s. = =n| |i- =++|+= 1
r| =r )= =| =|| =r| r+ 1
= =|:i=n =| =|= === + =|: -= =||= = r|= = =|| +r =|=|n=
: = +r=|+ 1
| :=|+|== 1
1 = =|: )= =+=+- =:|r| := + 1
r| (i) === 1
(ii) =+= 1
(iii) =+=| 1
s ==: = in) =- =|==| ---
z i+|=-=|== | (i=-r| =| i=:| =| ==|+.|) 1
z +=-i- .|n| z
z -|||| - .|,-| z
d qy v ad 8 d qy v ad 8 d qy v ad 8 d qy v ad 8 d qy v ad 8
c +|-n r|=
(i) +|-| | ==|+= =| |+=|i=-|) z
(+-|, i:=|=, ==||=, ==|+=)
(+| =| |+=|i=-|) :|) = inr|| r| |+|
=|) =, :|=| =+|=| =| =|))
(ii) i+|= =|==| s
(iii) -|||| )+ +=-i- z
: (i) =+=+- .|||= r|= + + = i:) =|)+
(ii) +=|i= =|=+ =| =i| === ===- i+=|| =| =| r+ === ==| =|=-| r,
+=| r| == =|-| r+
(iii) == === = i+=| r|- r, += r| === == r|- r+ === = ==| =
==| r| == =r|-:r| +|- r|- r+
(iv) i+=| =| ==|+ =r-++| r +=|i= r=| i+=| r| r= ===, :+-| =| +.|
==|- r+
(v) == | i+=| =| =|=- =|| ==| r+ r=| == r=| i+=|| = ==|
r| r|- r+
95
96
s (i) |r| =|i+= = |=r =-| r i= +r === r||| = +-+| := == ==||
= =|=| =|= n =n, +=|i= nr| =| ==|=|, r|n=| == =| n=-| r+ +=1
(ii) +=|i= === r=.|| =i=|:=| =| -|| =i+||) =|=| r+ === =-|| i==| =|=
=| =+|=| =r| i==|+
(iii) +=|i= r|-=|- =| i=-| i=) i==| == =| =|= =i=- | =| n=-| r,
+r =-| r+
(iv) +=|i= +r =||| = === =| |:| r | r| =| -|| =|- =|=-| r+
(v) === in) =|| =r-++| r, r|-=|- =r|+
+ (=) (i) n|n| n|=+-|= =|, +r =-|+ i= -||- =| =n|=| === =|| +
=n= = ==|= ||+ +1=2
(ii) i===| :.| i==| -|| :i= = r|= =| =n|= r|+ +=|i= =+= | ==|
= =| =+r| -|| == =+-|-|- ==| =r| =r| : ==-+ 1+1 =2
(iii) i===| :.| = +|||= r| = i==| -|| :i= = r|= r|+ =| =+|||=
:.| =| i=+|=| r|+ z
(iv) :.| =| =|+ r| =i+- =| =|+ r+ :.| =| =+-|-| = r| r=||
=-=|= r+ z
(r|) (i) :=|- =| =|+, +=|i= :.|= =+n =+| ===-:== :r|- r, === 1+1 = 2
=|= i=+ == =| =r|+
(ii) =|:= = +i- |== r|= -|| -|::+= = -||== =| ++i-|+ z
(iii) == =:| =| r|-| r+ =r| =|-| r|=|, +r| -|::|+= -|| +.=
r|=|+ - == =:| =: r|, ==| =r|+ z
97
(iv) =: ==|= =| i==|| == = in) )= =in:|i==| =| |+.==-| z
r =| =|+ =| := =| -r =+=|+ +=| =in:|= := =| -=| r|
| i=== +:.|= == =| -||+=| = r|+
+. = = -=| | r-= =| = =-, =||=r|= i==|= | + + -||- = i|=| .| i==|=|
=| + i-i=i|+ =- r i=== +|= +=| -| i= =r| r | =| -| i=||i=| =
.|||| =| i.|=| ==- r+ = r) r|- =| :.|| :r|= =r| =-=| =| ==|
=| i=-| r| r| ||, +r| r-= +=-= || i= == += =| | |- = r|- =|
r|+|n| == = == = ===|| i=n ==| ||+ =-=| | r-= =| =r
+i-i==| )= |= -||-|= i==|= = =|+= =| i+==| =| =+- =-| r+
r| ==n i.|-|= =n, i==+=, r==r| )+ i=:|i:n r+ === += =|+= =
==| -= +||) = n| r + | = =r| r|| =|+ === =|=|-= + i--|| r + +r n|=
=| -|| r i=- += n|= =| +:.|= =r| =-|+ i++|- +ii=|i-=| =
==- r= + -|| === == = =|: =| =r| r+ +r =+= =| =|=i== =+
= =-in- i=) r) r+ == ==|= = == =||| =| =|: ++|r =r| r+
= i== +=| r= =-= | i.|= === = in) += =|r|=| =| =|=- r, ==|
+=| =i: r= =|=+-| =| =-=|| =|r- r -| i+=|.|=|| .|=|| =| )=|
== =| -||+=| =| -|| ==|- = :=| r|=|+
(i=-r| n ks n ks n ks n ks n ks = =-| +i-|-)
= i=|n|=| = +|+=|| |+ -|r| -==| =| :r|= =| == === +|= r|-|,
=-r : :- |+ =|: = =|n ==+|= = in) ||-| =| inr|=
: :=|, ===
+|+=|| =+ =| r| +== =-| r+ )= =| i==| +=|.|= = =-r +=|=
=+= i:)+ i=|n| =| = + =+= |i|= -=| = ==- += )= i+|||
=|ir==| =| : i:)+
r| nr|= = r||=n = i=n=| =|r-| ||+ === =|=| i= +=|| = =|== =
=== i=n| =| ==-| r+ nr|= +=|| = i=n|+ +=|| = =-|=| i= +r -|
3
3
3+3 = 6
3
3
98
+=|= ===| =|r-| || + = = == +=|| ==| i:=|+ +=|| = +-= =
i=n= =| -|| =|- =-|: -| nr|= =| === r=::| =-|=| +|+ +|=-+ =
+r +=|| =| +=-= == ==| = i=n= =| -|=| +==| =|r-| ||+
= nr|= i:-n| =| ==| | r|=|| =|r|n = == === = in) : =|=|
=|r-| ||+ nr|= =|=-| || i= i-n|i==| = )= =+|+n=| i+=|= =: =n
r| r+ nr|= =| :=| == :r|= =| ||+ ==|=+.| === :|=|: i-n|i==|
=| r |, +r -|| =-r| = =|| r| in=|+
(i=-r| :| = =-| +i-|-) 3+3 = 6
z = |= = = = = =| : =i+- i==| =| =|| --|| -= : -| r == -= == =i+-
= === =+||| =| +i- r|-| r-| r+ ===| =+=|i=-| ==|- r|- r| n|=
===| =|| =| :- r+ =r| =|=|i== i+==| r+ |= =| +-| -|| == -=
r| -||, =|=|:|, =n := +|n| ||, =-|| === +|= =|- r- |+ ==
r| +r =|=|r|=, =nr|= -|| r| ==|, =-|| === : =n =)+
==|= = = n -| =|=| | =|+n =| =| + + i-| =| ==|= =-| r + += +:
=| :=+=|= == -|= == =|= =i+-=| =| i==|i.| == =-r +
+: i:n+| :- r+ i==| = = = = = =n +|=| =|r- r+
r| r-= = +=| +=| ;|| ==n r||:= = in) ==|) =) += =r=| =| :
i:)+
s (i) = +.= +== - r =||, -= =|= r| =r| r-| r| i===| ==| r| z
--r +rn -| == =| =in=| = =r| :r||+
(ii) ||| = =r| i= +r -| += |-|== = r| r|n-| ||, =-r == = |= z
=| +=| |+.==-| ||+ == = -| =| ==- r, =| =+r|=-:r| =|-
i=- r+
3
3
2
99
(iii) =| = +n== +=| - + ===| +=| =| n= =| +r :-=| |=| r| r
| =|=-i+=| = r| r+ z
(iv) +=|i= + i==| = +||= r, + === =| =- r+ =-r|= =|-| r| =|-| z
= -||n| ||| =| =rn| = ==| in=|+ d qy v ad 8 d qy v ad 8 d qy v ad 8 d qy v ad 8 d qy v ad 8
(i) =-= +r r =| =i=|:=| = |= == =|) =| === r| =|= n+ 1+1 = 2
+=|i= =|| r| =|+= =| == r, =||r|= =|+= i=|= r|-| r+
(ii) +|=-i+= i+=-| +r| r =| n-= =| -|n= = -| =-|| == | = r| r|
= ==-| =-==-= r|+ z
(iii) r= =|+= = i=- =|| =- r=| =|ir)+ =|||| | =i=|:=| =|
=|==| =- r) == + i+== +|- ==| =|ir)+ z
(iv) += r| =|+=-+| =| ==n r+ += =|+=-+| + |= =: = =| .|i+- : -| r +
i=== + = =| r| =|+= =| ||| =|= in=|, === in) n-= +|- ==|
i=i.=- r+ == =|- +.= +|- r|-| r+
1 =(i) z -||-|= =|| ;|| +i- =| +i== :- === =r= ==|= =| =+|-||i+=
i=||
z =+|=-=| = +i- =|=|| =|i=| =| =+|-||i+= i=n|=| =| i=|| 1+1 = 2
(ii) = + |= 1+1 = 2
=+=|
(iii) -|||| - +||, -== - -:-|+ .|:|+n| =| ==i-+- =+
=: - =|+|: 1+1 = 2
(iv) =|| - += +i- =| =+= +i== :=| 1+1 = 2
+i-i==| - :i= =|=| = |-| =| | :r|=| d qy v ad 8 d qy v ad 8 d qy v ad 8 d qy v ad 8 d qy v ad 8
100
r|(i) +|= | =| = ir- =n| = =|== = =+i++|ir-| i=.||| +=| |
n| = =|== = +=| += = = |=| ==i=r =| | ==-+ :== =r
===|= =| +=|= i==| ==| r i= +r += =-= =| = -|n+
(ii) i+r=-- =|== - =|i==| = == =| ==|= :.|| =| =: +|= r+ i+r
=| i|=-| = =|| =|i==| +=| =:.| +| = =|== = inr|= -|==
= ==| r | =r -|| =r| ==-|+ :=in) == =| =|- =| += r| ==
= =|==-==== = in) =r-| r+
(iii) =|-=| - =+|=
n|-=n| - =+ |= =| : :| + i-|- 1+1 = 2
inr|--==- - =+|=
(iv) == -||||
n|in=+| .|:|+n| 1+1 = 2
=|=n=|- .|:|+n| d qy v ad 8 d qy v ad 8 d qy v ad 8 d qy v ad 8 d qy v ad 8
s = ==, ++-, =|+, ||, ===|n, =|=, =i:=|, n|=| = r:=|, ==n| |i:
=|, -|i= =|| +| =r|-==i, = =+- r|= =-|- r|+
r| =r )= =:=||=|== =|- r+ := =|- = =i+ = =|+=-=||| = ==- r)
i=- =i-=|= r= =| =:.| i:=| r, +=|i= === | +ii=|i-=| =
==+ =n= = r| n-= =| +|i- r|-| r+ r= |=++= .|i+- =i=- ==
=|= =| =i=|:=| =| += r| : = |= =:=| =|ir) == =|=| =|
=|= +|=| ==| == =|-| r+
(i==| )= =| =-| +i-|-) d qy v ad 3 d qy v ad 3 d qy v ad 3 d qy v ad 3 d qy v ad 3
c = i==|=|, =|r||=|, r||=| = =|= == +|n ==:|, |==| = =|+= =
=|=-=|= =|= == +|n| -|| +=|=| =r|= += -|= +|n| = =||+
r| =-|| +|i|=| =| =|+= = in) =+=|=| )+ |+.== |=- ||-= +:|= ==
i=| =| = =+ =| +|- =-| r+ =|-=+| === = in) i=| =| i==|= =
2
1+1 = 3
3
3
101
rn = i+:|| r|=| -|| +|+| = ==n| =|=| +-| r+ == =r= r| +r
=|-=+| == +|-| r+
(i==| )= =| =-| +i-|-)
: l wj n kl l wj n kl l wj n kl l wj n kl l wj n kl
=|+=-+i== - +-n-||=|= =| = i.|=, |=||=| = =i: = -|==-=|-=+
=|iri== i+.| |-|) - |= | =| =|n-n|n|| =| =| | + -||++ | i=||, | =|
= :|=| +-|| - ==|= | i+=|= -|| i==| n|==|= = r|= = ==i|- +:| =|
==|, == -||||, =+=|, =+=, +=|i+- =| ===|+
==|) - ==|=, =|ir= nr|, ==||+n|
j ke / kkj h f l ag ^f n u d j * j ke / kkj h f l ag ^f n u d j * j ke / kkj h f l ag ^f n u d j * j ke / kkj h f l ag ^f n u d j * j ke / kkj h f l ag ^f n u d j *
=|+=-+i==......................=-= i=r| = == i=n = i==i=| =|+ =, +==| i+.
i+. = =|.). (|==) == = =|: =|+= ==, |==-|| = -|| =:== r+
=|iri== i+.||-|) ----
== )+ += :|=| + ==|= i|=|, |= )+ =|i- = =i+, =n, ===+.||
=i+-|) +
+=r| ==|) -
=|= ---- |=|, r=|, =+.||, i.=||, ==-||, =+-|, =|=|=|,
|+-=|+, r| =| ri=|=
== ---- ===i- = =| =|=, i=| =| |, =i+-| =| r||=, |=||.+,
-| = =n |i:
(:== = =|: :|)
= i+-||== ----
z =i-|- =|+=-+i==
z :| ==|)
z :| =|iri== i+.||-|)
3
3
3
102
s = z =|-= = += +| =| =|: i:n|=| i= =r === =n =| ++| r i=
+r =+|i- =-|| = == =n = i=+| | =r| =| =n =r| =r|
=-|+ := =i= +- = +|n= = === =|| = = -| |= -= i==|
=| == r: | = =|: :=| =| r|+
z +=| i= =|-=-+ | = n =| + +| =| -| = =r| | = =n = r| ==
=| |=r = r| ||+
r| = -|||= : =| = i-n= =| )= =r|= : .|-|+-, ==| =||= | =-
==-=ir| =i+- =|=- |+ i-n= = +=| :-= =|+= .|i+- = =n +
=||| | :|=-| = =|= )= :-|- =|=i== =-n= ==|) r||+
= r|.| = |- r| nr|= = =+= =| )= =:| =|n| = +|=|+ r|n =r || ----
r||-+|+ =| ri;=| == =: ||, i= ==| r| ||, =| = =|= || | .|+n
=|=| ||+
| nir|=| = |.|-|| =|=| =| +|= +i== += | += -||: i+=|= =
==+= = =|== =|r= = =+ = := +=| +=-- i==| r- i=|r =r|, |n
= == +, i==| === +|n| =| i==| = -| , |= n == = = =|n ||= = = ||
=|=|+
(=+n -|= +.=| = =-| +i-|-) 2x3 = 6
+ = ==| = =|:.||r =| ==| =| :n|= = == +=-= = i:=| | :=|= =
=+ = -= -|== -| =| ==|= ri|=|:+ i= += =n, =| | |--| =
||-|| == =n|- =n =)+ ==n =|:.||r i==-= === =|===-| |
=-in=| = r||) r+ =-|=| =r r| i= .||r=r| = =|: = ==n =|:.||r|
=| =|=-| | =r|-| =| =
|=:| =|= ==| = ==n =--=- =| )=

=r- =| ir==| r+ in=|+
r| +| = =||=| =|= | ===| +| ==|-= +=+ ==|=|- =n r||) r+
1+1 = 2
1+1 = 2
2
2
4
103
)=| =r= = =|| r ----
z =||=| =|= =|||+|:| |:.|| = +=|| r, ==i= ==|-= +=+|:|,
.||=| | ==n| =| i-=|| r +
z =||=| =|= i=,|-+|:| r | ==|-= =|+r|i= r+
z =||=| =|= =|=| r, ==i= ==|-= = in) -||=-i+n|= r| =|+= =|
)==|| n-= r+
z =||=| =|= =i== -|n|=, =+:.|| | r||:| = +-|| r, ==i=
==|-= = :|=| == ==| ==n = +:- r+
z =||=| =|= |=|:| = in) i=) =) += =|| | =in:|= =
=:n = == =r| =|r-, ==i= ==|-= =|r-| r i= === i+-| ===
+i+| = in) =r|-=i+||) ==|= = ===| -|+ =:: =+
i==| =r i= i+-|-+ | :| =| = = -= | |:.| =n ==|=| - r|||
=| -r =-|| +=+ =r| i=n-+
(i=-r| =| =||| =| =-nr| +i-|-)
(i==| )= +.= =| =-| +i-|-) d qy v ad 4 d qy v ad 4 d qy v ad 4 d qy v ad 4 d qy v ad 4
i z' u &i =k&l a[ ; k 3 @1 i z' u &i =k&l a[ ; k 3 @1 i z' u &i =k&l a[ ; k 3 @1 i z' u &i =k&l a[ ; k 3 @1 i z' u &i =k&l a[ ; k 3 @1
f g an h ^v * f g an h ^v * f g an h ^v * f g an h ^v * f g an h ^v *
r| =
= |=-|||| --- ir :|, ini+--- : +=|=| + = 1
r| -|||| =| +r =+ =| i+i.|= + =| == = in) + = +- r| v Fko k v Fko k v Fko k v Fko k v Fko k =|iri== + =| =
= i-|-=--- =|=|n=|, ==|, +n|i== -||| = +=+- ir:| =| =+=++
= +||, =|n|, =-||==:| (=|: :|) + = 1
| 1 i=- =, := i:= = i+||= = ir :| =| |=-|||| = =+ = =+|=| i==| ==|+ + = 1
2
104
2. (=) +|+= = +=+- .|: +: =rn|- r+
(r|) =:|:
(=) :i==, +=|i=- + = 1
3. (=) i==|-i+.||| =++|+=+
(r|) .||=: =-|+- +|| r|=| |)=|+
(=) | | = =|| = = i:r||: =r| : r| || :=in) =| | ||=| =i- = =n=
==.|= + i+n= = +r=|+
(-= =+=+- ==+- +|+=-==| =+|=| =| =|))
(|) ==-+|== ==-||= ==-=||=
4. (=) i==| -|| =+=+- =:|r| = in) + = i:) =|)+
(i) =+=+
(ii) =+ |=+ 1
(ii) =+=|+
[ kaM [ kaM [ kaM [ kaM [ kaM & && && ^[ k* ^[ k* ^[ k* ^[ k* ^[ k*
5. ==: = in) = =|==|
i+|=-+i-+|:= (i:) r) ==--i=:| = = i=-r| =| i=:| =| =-nr|) 1
z + =- i--.| n| z
z -|||| =| .|,-| z
(4+2+2 = 8)
6. i = i = i = i = i =k& k& k& k& k&y s [ ku y s [ ku y s [ ku y s [ ku y s [ ku
(i) +|-| | ==|+= =| |+=|i=-|) (+-|, i:=|=, ==||=, ==|+=) z
=| = - +| =| | +=|i=-|) :|) = |+| =|) = inr|| r|, :|=| r| =+|=|
=| =|)+
(ii) i+|=-=|== | s
(iii) .|, -|||| | +=-i- z
(2+3+2 = 7)
105
[ kaM [ kaM [ kaM [ kaM [ kaM & && && ^x * ^x * ^x * ^x * ^x *
7. (i) === =| =r-+, ===-i==|==, === =| =-=, === =| =:+=|= :=|i: =
= =|: )= =+=+- .|||=+
(-= =+=+- .|||= -|| =+|=|=)
(ii) |= +|n === =| ==n +ii=|i-=| =| n|-| = =|= + === =| n|-|
=|= =| .|i+- -||| r| =|-| r+
(iii) =|+= = r||: r: =+i-|, -|n| r| n|=, =+|=| r| =+|== |i: i= =
+|- i=) =| ==- r, ni== === )= =| == r|= + =-|| n|=|=| =r|
=| ==-|+
(iv) i+=|i|=| ;|| += =-|+ = ||| + i:=| ==| =||= =-|+
(v) |) r) += (+-=|=) =| n|-| =|=|+
8. (i) |=++= r- r) :.| = i=+|i==| = +|-| ==|= +|n =| ||+-| =r| =|
==-| r, +=|i= === +|-|, .||i-, =|= )+ =|=+-| = =| r+ + = 1
(ii) |=-==+| =| -||+ +=|= .||.| =:|= =| i=|n| |r i:r||: ||+
(iii) +=|||| )+ +i=| === =-|+ =| =-|+ ==|= = in) =i==, r| =|=|+
(iv) =| --r| in) =r ||n === in) =- ||n= :i==| = ||| i==|: =|
==-| r+
(v) |=|:| =| i=-=:|| =|= = in) += =| ===- | :: = n= =|
=:.| i:=| r+
[ kaM & ^?k* [ kaM & ^?k* [ kaM & ^?k* [ kaM & ^?k* [ kaM & ^?k*
9. = (i) =i: r =|=i= :.| = =|=-=-=|= | n|-|-r|i= =| +=| =|=-=-=|=
| n|-|-r|i= =|== n= =|) -| :.| | === =|=i=| = i-|-=-|
=| -||+ +:| r|-| r+
(ii) i==| =|=i= = r:= = += :.| = n|-| | =-=|= = +i-
=|===-| --|| =+-= r| ==-| r == +r :.| | += == i-|-=-|
=| -||+ =-|+ =+
2
2
106
(iii) == =|=i= += n|-| )+ =-=|= = in) +== =|=|-=|=| =|- +
=|= :-| r, += r| +r += : .| = n|-| | =-=|= = in) -||
=| =|-=| =| =|- + =|= : --- =r| :.| = +i- =|=i= =| =-= r+
(iv) == =|=i= += =-=|= | =||=| = += =|+= = =r|| +|-| r,
+= r| :.| = =-=|= | =||=| = =r|| +|=| =|=i= =| i|=|
r +
r| (i) i=|n| =| = += =|+= = +=| | +|| =| =|=i== ==, :|n)=|
= =|| =- n|=| =| n|.|| = +=, ==| =| :.= |i: :r|: |==|)
=n| ||+
(ii) =i+ = +=| =+| +|| =|= =| == =| ==i- = =|=-==i- =i+-|
inr||+ := i=|n| =| = =i+-| =r| =|-| r, +=|i= :== i=|n|
=| =+| =|+=-:.|= =n=-| r+
(iii) i=|n| :=| = :r| = =r- =i|- r|- | - =-r|= +=| =+=|-|
= i:=| = -|| :+| =| = +||=| =| i= =| +=| |n|= i=r|||, =
=| ==+|= = +||+
(iv) i=|n| =+:=.||n | -||+= |+ === :=| =| :r| =r| :r|| =|-|
||+ =-r|= :.+ = -|| =r| +||=| =| i= +r :=| =| +||) : =+
10 (=) == -= =i+- = +|= .|i+- |=, =||= | =|:= r|-| r -= -= |,
+i+| | ==|= = n|= === =|| -= =|- r, ni== +r| =i+- ==
+, | .|i+-r|= r| =|-| r -= +i+| )+ ==|= = n|= ===| =+-|| ==
n=- r+
(r|) =i: r= +|= ===|| = i=+= r= -| =-|| -|| +=i- =| | =r| =:
==-+ =) ==||=| = =.| = = r|= +=| ===-| =| =r| r||=|
=|ir)+ - =) )+ +|= ===|| =| +r|= =| r=| in) ir-= r| ==
+=| n=| =|ir)+
2
2
1+1 = 2
1+1 = 2
1+1 = 2
1+1 = 2
3
3
107
(=) m s' ; m s' ; m s' ; m s' ; m s' ; && && && && && =|=+|i==| =| |=i=-| ==|=|, ===| i=+| -|=-|| =| =|= =
n|=|, =i==|:| ==-| =| +=-| =| =+|:= ==|, =|=| =| : =
|=+=|| = =|| n|=|+
mi ; ksf x r k mi ; ksf x r k mi ; ksf x r k mi ; ksf x r k mi ; ksf x r k && && && && && =-|| =|=+|=| |=i=-| ===, =|=| : r| =|)=|, :.| =+-=
===|, =|||+|:| i+=|||| =| +=|-+=| r|=|, =|=|| -||- =| =r=r||
i+=|= r|=|+
(i=-r| :| =| =-| +i-|-) d qy v ad 6 d qy v ad 6 d qy v ad 6 d qy v ad 6 d qy v ad 6
11. (=) i.|-|= = nr|= =| =-|=| i= === ==+= = =||| =| ==|-|n |) |+
=-r|= += )= =|=-= -|||| = =|: =|n| =n| :|+ -|||| === = in)
|: =|=|| i=|=| = += =|==|| = =|:| = =r= =||| =| =| =|n| = |n
i:) |+
(r|) =r=| =| =+= :- === r-= =| )=| n= r| || i= =|=| +r +=| r:=
i==|n= := =| r| r|+ == := =|- =| :r| || i= ==| = )=-)= +=|
=|== =| -|= =+= ==n r||:= = in) ==| i=) |, + |= r|| = i==n
=| r r+
(=) nr|= = = r||=n = |= =r +=-|+ r|| i= +r === =+=|- i.|.| =
=-=|=+ =| +|=| =| =+|= = :+ =r +=-|+ = r||=n =| =| =r|
n=| | +=-|+ = +i- === ==r|| i:r||:+
(i=-r| :| =| =-| +i-|-) d qy v ad 6 d qy v ad 6 d qy v ad 6 d qy v ad 6 d qy v ad 6
12. (=) =+ |=-i=i=- =|= =| +-|= r =| === =| === ==|-| r+ :== ;||
=== ==, ir=|, += |i: =|=+|= )+ =i-= =|| =| ||| =-| r+
=|= =in:|= =| ==|= =| ||| i.|n| :=in) =r| ==| r +=|i= := =|=
=in:|= = =n=- + r| ==|= =| i==|| r|-| r+ i==| -|| ==|= =|
===- ||| == n|=| = =|in:|= = i=i=- r|-| r -|| ===-| +|-| r+
1+1 = 3
3
3
1+1 = 3
3
108
r| nr|= =| +=|| = =|| r=::| :=in) =-|=| +| -|i= ===| =+|| +i- z
r| ==+ +r == ==| = i=n+| :, i=== ===| =|= == =|)+ d qy v ad 5 d qy v ad 5 d qy v ad 5 d qy v ad 5 d qy v ad 5
13. (i==| )= =| =-| +i-|-)
(=) (i) |=| = =|n =+ =| =:-| =| =|-|| i=| =r| ==| r + i== + =|
== : = - + =|| r ==| + =| =| =| =|:= -|| =|=|= +
+|=|= r+
(ii) =|i+=| = =|-||-i=| =| =: = -|+= = n= == =| =n|-=n| = =n|
r| =-|=| r+
(iii) == =+-|i.| =| =:== =|n =.||:| =|-| = =: =| =-|=| r +=|i=
=-|| =r| =|=- r i= =| =: + =.||:| = +| r+
(iv) := +: = |=| =| +-| =r| ==| r+ ===| -n=| ::=|n=i| = =|
=: r +=|i= | =| = =|+n+= = =| ===-:== r +r ::=|n=i|
= ==|= r+
(r|) (i) i-|r||| = == r|| =n|= -||r| =|= r r+ + =|) r|| = +=|
-|r|| += =n r r | :|=| r|| n|=| = == +|= =| |.|| = |=
=:|- r+
(ii) -||r| = i=n= + -|r| = === r| =r| =|- r | =r + =:|=| =|
=|-| r+ |=| = |= +|= r =|- r+
(iii) i-|r||| = =|+= = :|-| r| -||= i+||-| r +=|i= i-|r||| =| =|+=
==| + i=-| r+
(iv) == =) i==| -|| .| = in) =
+=| = =-| = in) = d qy v ad 8 d qy v ad 8 d qy v ad 8 d qy v ad 8 d qy v ad 8
1 (i==| )= =| =-| +i-|-)
(=) (i) =|-| =| =| ==|= =- =|i== =+ = +=-- r| r+ 1+1 = 2
2
2
1+1 = 2
1+1 = 2
2
2
1+1 = 2
1+1 = 2
109
- =|-| =| =| +|==|-= i+n-|| r+
(:=| +=| =| -= =i=- i+.||-|) =+|=|=)
(ii) -||-|= ++| =| i=+|r =- r) =|-| =| += +i- =| =|= =r| n-|
r, - n=|.||n === =|=|| i=|=| = ==-| += =:=| == =r|
=| |=n = :== i+= =| | i-=| :i= = i=r|- r) :i=- =-|
r i= = = +i- r+
(iii) =+|= | =+= n=|+ 1+1 = 2
(iv) =+=+- =|=|.| +|| -|||| + =|+|: =: = inr|| ==| r+ 1+1 = 2
(r|) (i) =i+ = ==-=i=-= = = | + = r| | n-i=n =) r == +|=| = ===+
- === = = =| =-|- r ) =+= i==| ==| r i= i==| === )=| -||
r|-| r == =r|| =| |: | i+;|=| =| =|: -|| r|-| r+ 1+1 = 2
(ii) +rn = =+|= | :=|- n=| -|| := = -=|i+- n=| r+ 1+1 = 2
(iii) =: :|r| | -|||| == r+ 1+1 = 2
(iv) - -|||| |= =|n=|n = i=== r+ 1+1 = 2
- =n, =r= | -||+|==n r+
(:=| +=| =| -= i+.||-|) -|| =+|=|=) d qy v ad 8 d qy v ad 8 d qy v ad 8 d qy v ad 8 d qy v ad 8
15. (i==| )= =| =-| +i-|-)
(i) i== +=| +|| =| = == = :r|-||n =| =|-| r --|| +r i+=|= =| =i-
+=-| r | =n=-=n= n=-| r, += r| =|-|-i+-| i.|.| =| :r|-||n =-
r) === =: -|i+= =| +-|-|| =- r+
(ii) =|=+ i==i- =| :|= =r| r, == i==i- = ==-| i+==-| ++= i= ==|= =|
|+.==-| =r| r+ i==i- =| :|= = === == nn=|=| =|ir)+
2
3
3
110
16 (i==| )= =| =-| +i-|-)
(i) +=|i= =r i:= i==| i==| =|=|-= +i-i==| = == ==|+ =|| i:= =r=
=+ = =|- ==|, - +r i:= i=.== r| =|= i:= =r| =|)=|+
(ii) := =i+-| = =- =|=+ =| =|=+ =, r:= =| r:= =, = =| i.|r|| =|
= =| i.|r|| =, =-+=| = +r| =| =-+=| = +r| =, i++= =| i=| =|
i++= =| i=| =, =-|+ = =--| =| =-|+ = =--| = |+= = =|= =|
=|= = r| r+
: = =|==| - =|+= +i== =
=|iri== i+.||-|) =
:| ==|) + =
17. r qy l hn kl & r qy l hn kl & r qy l hn kl & r qy l hn kl & r qy l hn kl & =-= --- |=|+ i=n| =|:|+ == i+:+|= =|| ()=|) -|| =|=- r+ +=|
=| + -| =| = |=| -= r= r )+ + i=, |= -|+- =i+, =|ir= ;|| |:.| ==|= =|
=||+=| =| +=|= i==|+ +|| + == :|=| -||||| + )= ==|= i|=| ||+
==|) - |==i-=|==, i+==+i|=|, =i+-|+n| |i:+
t x n h' k x qI r & t x n h' k x qI r & t x n h' k x qI r & t x n h' k x qI r & t x n h' k x qI r & =-= i=n| r:| : = .||r=|: === = r|+ =: =i+-| = + i-i- =i+,
==-=|+= =| i+==i-=| )+ ==+-|| =| =:||== == +|n| =|ir=, +=i- +
=|=+ =|:= = |=|== =+=+ =| i=||, ==|) - =|+ = +|+, .|: - :.|, ir=-i=,,
== |i:+
18. (i=-r| -|= = =-| +i-|-)
= ==i+ =,= -|r|| || +- == === =|=n = =i| =| =r|=-| )+ :=|=:||
= =| = ==| -| == n=| i= === -|r| | i==|+ .|| = +||| =| ==|
r| ==| r+ == += =|=n + =+ =| =-|+ r|+ =|=n = =n = =-=|=
=| -|| = -|r|| r=| =+|=| = in=| ||+ =|=n = := =+r| = =,=
=| -i- =| =-|+ r|+
r| n|==|-= i-n= =| += =r +| = =n =|+= = :||= == .|||i= |
=|=i== =|||| = ===| +|+ + =|=r |= = +|i- |, =n = =-r
3
3
2
111
)=|- = r|| ==|, =-r =|i,= =- =| =|: =||| =r| i=n|, =-r r|=|
-= +:= =| =r| i:=| =|-| ||+
= =|=| +|n| =| nr|= =| =|: i=-| =r| ||+ + -| =|= =|:i=n =| r| i==
= r |+ nr|= = :n|= =| =|: =|- -= =r| = r| ||, =r| -= i=
)=n= -|| == =r| n =: || ==i= =|= =|:i=n =| -- n =|=| ==| ||+
===| =|=|=-+ -|| r| ==| ||+
| +=|i= i.- =-r :|= + r r+ + =| i.-| = += == i=-|| r r +-
=:n = =-r =|: =-=|= =r| i=n-|+ ===| +|i+|i= =|+= )= =|= ===
r ==| r i=-r i=-||=| ===| ===| == =: r+
+ (i==| )= =| =-| +i-|-)
= i:-n| -= ==| = | =|= = ==n =|:.||r| =| =--=- i== r| ||,
=|:.||r i+n|=|, == = | -|= r| = = =||, ===| i=| = n = =| -|=-|
==|- r| ==| ||+ i-= ==n =|:.||r ===| = =|= =| :r|: := =+=
=|| = ==- r- |+
r| =||=| =|= = :.| += = in) +=| =|+= ==i+- = i:=| || ni== )=
=| +| ==r = === :.| += = i=| +|| =| irn|= r| i:=|+ == i:=|
+ :.| = in) -|i==- r|= =|= = r |+ )= =| | |= + =-r +-|
=n| i= ===| +| ==|-= =r|| = =r|n r+ +=| +.||= ||+ |- =| ===
||+ == = =||=| =|= =| r|| += r|| ||+ := |==| = =||=| =|=
= :.|+= = i=| +|| =| irn|= r| i:=|+
2
2
2
4
2
112
f g an h i kB~; e ^c * f g an h i kB~; e ^c * f g an h i kB~; e ^c * f g an h i kB~; e ^c * f g an h i kB~; e ^c *
f u / kkZf j r l e ; % f u / kkZf j r l e ; % f u / kkZf j r l e ; % f u / kkZf j r l e ; % f u / kkZf j r l e ; % 3 33 33 ?kaVs ?kaVs ?kaVs ?kaVs ?kaVs v f / kd r e v ad % v f / kd r e v ad % v f / kd r e v ad % v f / kd r e v ad % v f / kd r e v ad %1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
f u n sZ' k % f u n sZ' k % f u n sZ' k % f u n sZ' k % f u n sZ' k % (i) := +.=+| = =| r| r - =, r|, = | |+
(ii) =|| r|| = +.=| = =-| :=| i=+|= r+
(iii) =||=-|+ +.=| = =+-||=| = =-| ==.| inir|)+
i z' u i =k l a[ ; k 4 @1 @1 i z' u i =k l a[ ; k 4 @1 @1 i z' u i =k l a[ ; k 4 @1 @1 i z' u i =k l a[ ; k 4 @1 @1 i z' u i =k l a[ ; k 4 @1 @1
. . . . .
i- + i|=, n|= + |=|, )= + )=+ z
(r|) i=-=inir|- = = i=-r| :| = =i|-i+=: =|i=)
=+|i:-, =-||, +== z
z. z. z. z. z. i=-=inir|- = = i=-r| n ks n ks n ks n ks n ks +:| =| i+=r =|i=) | ==|= =| -|: -|| inir|)
+i-i:=, ==|+i-, =|:||+ z
i=-=inir|- = = i=-r| n ks n ks n ks n ks n ks = ===- +: ==|:) | ==|= =| =|= -|| inir|)
=n =| ++|, i+.||n r =|=| i===|, +|= +=| =| ==r+ z
s. s. s. s. s. i=:.||==| =-| :|i=)
r=| =-n|= = ==|=| ==|A AA AA
(r||i=- = = i=-r| n ks n ks n ks n ks n ks = +:--|: inir|)+)
(r|) (i) i-|=-|, ===|+ (in= =:n= inir|)+)
(ii) =n -|-| ==| =|n| =| |-| :r|= -||=|+
(r||i=- =| =r+== = =:n= +| +|+= i= = inir|)+)
(iii) ===| r:= =r- +i+| r+ (r||i=- =| =|= inir|))
113
(=) i=-=inir|- +|+=| = = i=-r| :| = +|=-+i+-= =|i=)
(i) == r||=| r|| in=| r+ (==+|= =)
(ii) +r =n =r| +|-|+ (-||++|= = )
(iii) = ;|| ==|=| == =)+ (=-+|= =)
1. 1. 1. 1. 1. (=) ==| = ||| + +|+=--|: inir|) z
(i) =i: = =r| |=| r|-| -| === =n|=|- =r| r|-|+
(ii) + |= +|= = =rn= =|- r+
(r|) | = ||| + +|+=--|: inir|) z
(i) =| +== ===| = n=- r+
(ii) =| =|- =|= = =i=)+
(=) i=-=inir|- +|+=| =| i=:.||==| =:in)
(i) n=| =|+ ==|+ +r| =|=| r| ==|+ ()= =n +|+= =)
(ii) =|| ==n = | |=|+ +r r|n= =n| ==|+ (i= +|+= =)
(|) +|+=| =| .|, =+ = inir|)
(i) |=| =| =|== == ir|n||+
(ii) r= ===| =: =| :r| r+
(
.
) =+=+- i+|=-i=r= n=|:)
-= =r| r| --r|| -| | + +-|-|| r| r| r =-:| +r=| i.|-|= =
=|| = =r| z
s. s. s. s. s. ==--i=-: | = ||| + i=-=inir|- = = i==| , ,, ,, d dd dd + n=-|= ++ .|:| =
==: inir|) :
(=) +=-= =n|
(i) |=|== | =+=|| - ==, =r|
(ii) +=r| |=||, -||-||
(iii) =n = +=|.|=, nr|= | +|=| =| i+=|=||
(iv) =| =i= = +|n
(v) =| =i= =| +=-=
114
(r|) =r ==i- -r =-+i- =|=|
(i) =|= =| -|+=
(ii) )=-| | ==i, =| =|=:i.|=|
(iii) n|= =| |r
(iv) ==i- = r|i==|
(v) ==i- = i+=|= | +=i-
c. c. c. c. c. r|n =| =|=|= === +|n| =+=| =+|== :==.|=n = |+= =| =|=|= ==|=|
||, +r |i==| =- =| | =r =| -| =| ==|+ = +=| = + = | i=: .|= =| :==|
i.|=|=- =- r) +| inir|)+ s
|+= i=| =| ==|=| r| =|n -|=|= i+n|=-=n = in) ==| ==| r+ ==
=||: :- r) +| inir|)+
i=-=inir|- =:=|.| =| +:= += =) +.=| = =- =-|+ = :|i=)
:=| =| ==r :=| | ===| =-=|= ==| =|=|i== ==n-| =| )==|| =| r+
=|+= = =r|-.||i- | =-=i- =|r= +|n +== =r-+|=|-|| =| === +rn =r|
=|r| ||| ==| =|ir)+ =r|-||- = = +|+ =i|i = |=== =n = =|
= n|=| = =+|=- =| i=-=:|| n| | =:n = + == =n = =+|i|= += =i+-
=|= =)+ : =| ==|r, =| -= =,, =r|+| -|| =r|=| =| || = = =r|+=|| = = =||
-|| i-|=|= = ||+ =-r|= =:+ :=| =| =r-+ i:=| | := -r = + =+= =r|=
== =)+ =|=-=-=|= =| =-= ==|=| =-|+ r+ i==| =|=-=-=|= = =i: =- -||
i=n -| i+| == =|-| r | =|=+ + = i:=| ==| i+| -|| = - == =|-| r + i+=|||
=|+= =| +|= +| =r| r i= +r == = +i- == =-=|= =| -||+ += r:= =
+:| =, -=|| ===| =|| i+=| i==n r| =|)=|+
(i) =+=+- =:=|.| =| =+=+- .|||= inir|)+
(ii) =r-+|=|-|| =| =|=-=| =|r| =r| ==| =|ir)
(iii) =+= =r|= === = in) +=| ==| +i-|- r
(iv) i+=| =| ==n-| = in) i+=||| =| +=| ==| =|ir)
(v) =i|i = =n =| =:|r| +=| i:=| ==| r
115
=n| r|-| = : -n=,
=r|=n-=| =|=n ri=|n|+
in+=| i=== i+ =| i=|
=|:| =|-=| ==n| =|n|++
|=|i=--=| n=-| +=||,
|: =|-=r = =|n|+
r-==: =| =|= =|
i=i=i|=| r .||-||.||n|++
= =- =+|-==i=| =,
n: =: |=--= =| |n|+
= r :|=, +|+n = :n,
r| =| =|i=n| =-+|n|++
=i==| = =|= +| +
=: n=- =|= =|==+
=: =r =| =|n| +
=|-| = :|=| = ir===++
(i) := =i+-| = i===| .||-|| =| +|= r
(ii) i== =|-| = ++| = |=|i=- r|= =| +-| =n-| r
(iii) i== +i+-=| = +=- =- = |= =| =|- =r| =: r
(iv) =r =| =|n| + +| |= =| -n=| i=== =| =: r
(v) +=|| = |=|i=--=| i:r||: += =| +=| =|| r
i=-=inir|- =:=|.| =| +:= += =) +.=| = =- inir|) 2+2+2 = 6
=i+-| = ==n | i== =+= =i+ = i|= =r|= r|- r+ ==|- = +|=n ===
+|n r| =+= = =|-=| = i|= = =|- =| =|=+|:= =- r + =r| + = =r| , +=||
r| r+ =r| =-=|= +|= +|n =r|, =-=|= := +|n =r|= r+ =+= ++ = ==
=r| r, ++ =| =|:= == :r|= +|n =| :i= = r+
(i) =i+-| = ==n =i+ = i|= =r|= == r|- r
(ii) =r| += =r|, +=|| r| r- =|= = nr|= =| +=| -|+= r
116
(iii) =|:= == :r|= +|n =| :i= = r - := =i+- = |+ +=| ===- r
=+= =|i=)+
i=-r| :| =i+-=| = ==|| =| |=-|= === +|=|, +: +|=| =r- =i= r |
+i--+=| = = = | -| ) = =| =n ||= = == r| - r , :-= =|= = r| - r i= )= = =,
)= :.|| = -|| == ==- r, ni== =r -| )= =| ==|: r i= =-r|= +i- =|
=r| =r| =|=|, =|n-==| =| =r| =r| =|=|, =| === =| =r| =r| =|=|+
(i) +i--+=| = ==|| =| |=-|= === +|=| +=| =i= r
(ii) -||+ =+= =|i=) - +i--+=| = ==| =|=n ||= = == r|- r+
(iii) nr|= := ==|.| = =r|:+|=| = =|+= =| i== =| ==|: =| |
==- =-| r
+. +. +. +. +. i=-=inir|- +.=| = = i=-r| :| = =-| inir|) 4 + 4 = 8
(=) =i==-|= +r ==r r =r| =|| +=|=- r|= r| =|-| r+-=i==-|= =
+=|=- +| = )=| +=| =r| ==| r
(r|) :.|| =| |+=| +i-;i;-| =:= = +=| =|| r === =| -|i+= +| =
||| + inir|)+
(r|) =|-|:|= =| =|=- +,i- ==| || :=++= =|-|:|= =|: + +| = |||
+ inir|)+
. . . . . |=| n-=|=|: :.|-|+- +||==| ||+- =+|= =| =|+ +| = ||| + i=,
=|i=)+ c
i+||= += i+-|=| =| +-|| =|=| =| +=| i|= =|r-| || +|:=| +== +|
= ||| + i+=-| = inir|)+
z. z. z. z. z. i=-=inir|- =|=|.| =| +:= += =) +.=| = =-| inir|) 1+2+2 = 5
=||, == = =: =|, i+= =|nir -|= |=+
|=, |=, -= -|i= =, r|: ==ir =|=++
(i) =i+ | =i+-| =| =|= inir|)+
(ii) -|= = =|| i+= =|n= =| +=| +i||= r|-| r
117
(iii) + = == i==| -|= = =|| i+ = =| n= = in) i++.| r| -| r -| i===| ir-
r|-| r | +=|
i==n -| =| =- = == =-|= r,
.||-n =: ==| ++= r n-| = r,
|==-| =| i+i+| :.= =- :-|- == r,
ri=|n| =| =.| =r| =r|=n = == r+
(i) =i+ | =i+-| =| =|= inir|)+
(ii) =+=+- +i+-=| = =|--|i= =| i== i+.||-|| =| =-nr| r| r
(iii) ri=|n| =| -n=| =i+ = i=== =| r | +=|
s. s. s. s. s. | =| :|+= |+| ||+|n| =| =i+-| =| +i-+|= s+-c+ .|:| = inir|)+ 1
1. 1. 1. 1. 1. i=-=inir|- =|=|.| =| =|=-=|:= =+= =|i=) 1
=|= i=- ir=i- == -||:+
= =i=| +irir -|n|:++
|= =) || = =-|= .||n
= r| ||, =n ==| -|n
- =| =n:-=|= = i+=-i+=,
|| :: r|n-| ::=|n+
s. s. s. s. s. -| -| +| =i+-| =| ==: = +-| i== i=|i- = +| -| = =| =|= = r| || -
=i+-| = ||| + += .|:| = inir|)+ z
c. c. c. c. c. =||n|= -||=-z = ||| + i=-=inir|- +.=| = =- =-|+ = inir|) z+z+z = c
(=) r|n =r|=| = - =| -|| ==|- r) ==|n| +=| =|= r| ||
(r|) i+-|=| =| =:|=|=-| = =| = +|i= =r|=| = nr|= = +=| i+=| |
(=) +| == = i+n|=-=|| = ||| + inir|) i= +=r| r|=|| = =|=|
=| =|=-=| ++-= =|+|
118
:. :. :. :. :. r|=| = = ==|= +|n| =i+- +=| i== i+.||-|| = =|| r|=| =
=| +|i=- = =-r +=| =n-| =|== =| i++.| =-| r r=|| =| +|+=|
=r|=| = ||| + inir|)+ s
=r-: +== =r|=in+= = ==| =n|=i-=| ==+|=| =|r-| || ===| =r
=+= || r| +=| r ==| 1
i z' u i =k l a[ ; k 4 @1 i z' u i =k l a[ ; k 4 @1 i z' u i =k l a[ ; k 4 @1 i z' u i =k l a[ ; k 4 @1 i z' u i =k l a[ ; k 4 @1
[ k. M & ^d * [ k. M & ^d * [ k. M & ^d * [ k. M & ^d * [ k. M & ^d *
. . . . .
-||=|:=, ir-||, ==i++ z
(r|) i=-=inir|- = = i=-r| :| = =i| =|i=)
-|| + )+, =| + =n, = + |=-+ z
z. z. z. z. z. i=-=inir|- = = i=-r| n ks n ks n ks n ks n ks = ===- +: ==|:) | ==|= =| =|= -|| inir|)
=r|= r |.|= i===|, =|= | =|=|=, =|+= +=--+ z
i=-=inir|- = = i=-r| n ks n ks n ks n ks n ks +:| =| i+= r =|i=) | ==|= =| -| : -|| inir|)
=||r|, |=.=|=, ==+|=|+ z
s. s. s. s. s. i=:.||==| =-| :|i=)
:r|| === =r|=-|i-
(r||i=- = = i=-r| n ks n ks n ks n ks n ks = +:--|: inir|)+)
(r|) (i) i=i===, =||+ (in= =:n= inir|)+)
(ii) -|=+ = .|r =| ==|= :r ==|+
( r|| i=- =| +== =:n= + | +|+= i= = inir|)+)
(iii) = | = = r=|= |) r + ( r|| i=- =| =|= inir|))
119
(=) i=-=inir|- +|+=| = = i=-r| :| = +|=-+i+-= =|i=) z
(i) +-|| =- r+ (-||++|= =)
(ii) i=+|r| = +||| =| +=|+ (==+|= =)
(iii) =| = r||=| =r| ==|=| =|-|+ (=-+|= =)
1. 1. 1. 1. 1. (=) ==| = ||| + +|+=--|: inir|) z
(i) r= n|= |=| |== =) | +r| =| i:= r+
(ii) = == =i+- =| =|=-| r =| --r| +|= |=| ||+
(r|) | = ||| + +|+=--|: inir|) z
(i) --r|| || = +=| === r| r
(ii) .||=: = |= =|+ =|=+
(=) i=-=inir|- +|+=| =| i=:.||==| =:in)
(i) =r|=| =||| ir=|+|:| |+ + i==| =| :r|| =r| :r|=| =|r- |+
(i= +|+= =)
(ii) =| i=| i+:.| = r-| r+ =n =r|= +r -||- | r| r+
(=|||| +|+= =)
(|) +|+=| =| .|, =+ = inir|)
(i) := i+=|n= = n= | ni==| =-|| +:-| r+
(ii) +r n|= =|+ = r+
(
.
) =+=+- i+|=-i=r= n=|:)
==| i=| +r| r =| === = === i=| =| =:: =-| r = =r|= =i+-=|
= i+=| r z
s. s. s. s. s. i:) =) ==--i=-: | = ||| + i=-=inir|- = = i==| , ,, ,, d dd dd + n=-|= ++
.|:| = ==: inir|) :
(=) |= r=|| r==| =||
(i) |=|= -||=|in= =|:=
(ii) +|=|= ===i-
(iii) .||i-i+= |=
(iv) =r=r|| i+=|=
120
(r|) =| i+= r|n
(i) r|n =| =|=, i+= r|= =| =||
(ii) )=n =| =|=ir= r|n
(iii) r|n = i=n= +|n| =r| | |=:
(iv) r|n = =| =+ni|=|
c. c. c. c. c. i:-n|-i=+|=| i==| =| | = i==| +i-i- +| = =+|:= =| +| inr|=
== = = =n= = =||| =| ==| =- r) :== i=+== =| +=|- -=|i=|
=| =-nr| =|i=)+ s
+|=-i+= |+| =|-+i== +|==|=-=||| = |=: =| +|= =- r) +=+=|
i=|=r|| =| +| inir|)+
i=-=inir|- =:=|.| =| +:= += =) +.=| = =- =-|+ = :|i=)
: .| = =i|- === =i: n|= = |=| = = r , =i: ===+-i+=|=
= =-|| =-|+ +| +=, r| =|), =i: i.|-||, -=|=, +=|= -|| .|||| =
=|+= = = i=- r| -| r , -| r=|| == = = =| r| =|)=|+ n|=-i+n|= =| + =|.|==
==- =:| = in) r== : r| =|)=|+ i==| :.| =| =-=i- = =n = == :.| =|
==-| =| =|===-| r| =r=- r| =-| r + +=-- =|=+ = - = i=- .|i+-
=- r-| r+ =|=- =+ = =r| .|i+- :.| =| |= =:|-| r | =r .|i+- =|=-
r|-| r, i.|-|| = ;||+ =+|= ==i- = -= =|+= =+i:- r|= n=-| r+ i=-|-| =|
=n= i== =|-| r+ ---i=|- i++n =-||+=|| = ;| r|n =|- r+
(i) =+=+- =:=|.| =| =+=+- .|||= inir|)+
(ii) == == =| r| =|= = =n = +=| =|| r
(iii) i==| :.| =| =-=i- == =-|+ r
(iv) i=- .|i+- :.| =| == =|| ==| ==-| r
(v) |.|= inir|) - i++n =-||+=|| = ;| r|n =|- r+
==| +|- r, =: =|- r
=: i=| r, =|i- =:+
=: ===, =: -=
121
=: |= r, =|= =:+
== = ==|) ===| = =:-=: ===|= -||+
=| || = = =+-|, += ==| i==|| =|++
|n-|n + = i+r= ==
=) =+| = =|- r,
==-==, ==-== =- -||
==- =| =|- r+
=+ == =| =-= +||| = ==| |=, =+ =|= -||+
=| || = = =+-|, += ==| i==|| =|++
(i) =+=+- =|=|.| = i== =: =|=| =| | =|= i:n|=| ==| r
(ii) =:-=: ===|= -|| =| +=| -||+ r
(iii) i+r=| | -||| = +=| ==|+= r
(iv) =+ == = in) == =|= =| +-|| r
(v) == +i+-=| =| =:|- =|i=) i===| -||+ r - =|| =| =n|=| = i=n|
|=|:| = =|: =+i==|| ==| r|=|+
i=-=inir|- =:=|.| =| +:= += =) +.=| = =- inir|) 2+2+2 = 6
i=-=| =| === -|==| r, i=| r, =r|.| r| r, :==| =|: ir=|= =r|
=-|=| =| ==-|+ i= -|| +r =-|n= i= = =| r, +=| r| =
ni-=| = =|n
= += =| = +- i==| r | i= =: =| i- =n|= - | = = =r| i=n| -| +=|
r;|-+=in=| =| r| =.||n =n|= - +r |= =:| r+
(i) === = -|=== | =-|n= == = +=| =|| r
(ii) =
ni-=| = =|n = =+- == - =| -||+ ===|= inir|)+

(iii) |.|= =+= =|i=) - r;|-+=in=| =| =.||n =n|= |= =:| r+
=r| = n|=| =| +=| r|==-| == =r| |-|, == +|) = =|:= =|
:r|= =|ir- r| =|- r+ i== :.| = =-= +|= = in) =+==n = =|+=--|
+||=| =|, == :.| = i=+|=| |= ===| | i+n|=- =|=| =+= =|= ==|
=-|+ =- r+
122
(i) =r| = n|=| =| =|:= = =| = +=| :i==|| r
(ii) =+==n =|= || +r -||- = =-= +|= = in) n|n|i=- +=| r-| ||
(iii) ===| | i+n|=- =|= =| =+= =|= ==| =|== +|n n|= i== =|- =
=i-|n r
+. +. +. +. +. i=-=inir|- = = i=-r| :| +.=| = =-| inir|) 4 + 4 = 8
(=) =i==-|= = +=|=- - +| = :.= :|+| +=| || ==n| ==|- ===
nr|= =| ===| =|: +=| | =|-| r
(r|) =r|:+| =| += =|+= = +|i+|i= -||+ =| -i- i== +=| =-| || -
=:|r| := =+= =|i=)+
(r|) :=++= =|-|:|= =|: + - +| = ||| + =|-|:|= =| =|=+,i- +
i=+|| inir|)+
. . . . . |= r= =+|i=-|+- =r|, :.|-|+-| =| |+.==-| r+ := =|= =| =||=-|
=+|= =| =|+ +| = ||| + -=-=ir- =+= =|i=)+ c
=|=| +=|-+=| =|= =- | :-= =| =|= == + -|| + i==-= +=| =|= =|-
| - +|:=|-+== =r|=| = ||| + inir|)+
z. z. z. z. z. i=-=inir|- =|=|.| =| +:= += =) +.=| = =-| inir|) 1+2+2 = 5
=r|n|=| ++- +|
+= =r= :=-=== =|,
+n|= r| r =|-=|
=|= =n = i== =r|=|,
i=== =|| = +| -|n
:+|-=| =n| r i+.||n
(i) =i+ | =i+-| =| =|= inir|)+
(ii) ++- += =+|=| =| =r| | == :r| r| r
(iii) =i+ = ++- =| i+.||n-| | -|n|= =| i==n-| =| == =+- i==| r
123
=|, +rn == i:= .|= n=| ===|,
+ =|:-=|: = +n ==| ===|,
=|, n|=| = -| == i:) :=|=,
=|, |+ = r| ===
=|:| r|=+
= =|=-==== |ir|
+= =|- ==-| r+
(i) =i+ | =i+-| =| =|= inir|)+
(ii) =i+ =| =|- === =| .|= = == | == ===|| i=n|
(iii) =|=-==== =|- ==-| r - = =i+ =| +=| -|+= r
s. s. s. s. s. =|--|i= |+| i=| +== =i+-| =| +i-+|= n=-|= s+-c+ .|:| = inir|)+ 1
1. 1. 1. 1. 1. i=-=inir|- =|=|.| =| =|=-=|:= =+= =|i=) 1
=|| = =:| =|
=== :r r| r,
= +r =|=|= r+
=ir|=| =r| =| =|ir), r||=-+|= =| )=+
+|n-+|= ==n =, -n=| =ir- i++=++
s. s. s. s. s. |= =| =+|= =+ =-||= = =+=| =| +=| =|=:|= r - -=| = =i+-| =
= ||| inir|)+ z
c. c. c. c. c. =||n|= - -||=-z = ||| + i=-=inir|- +.=| = =- =-|+ = inir|) z+z+z = c
(=) = =|-= + ==| r | = =|n| =| = =| =| +=| -| n = | - r| n =r|=|
= ||| + inir|)+
(r|) =r-:+== = -||++=| =| ==| =|= i=n= + -|| === == = +=-=-| +=|
=r| ||
(=) +|i= =r|=| = ||| + inir|) i= + | =| =| =-=| |=| i+-| =| :=|
= i+=, ||+
124
:. :. :. :. :. r=|| =| +|+=| =r|=| = ||| + -=-=ir- =-| :|i=) i= r|=| =
=| r:=-+i+-= r| || =| == +ii=|i-=| = =|== ===| +| ||+ s
|== n|+- === =:| -=| == = =| = +=|-+=| =-+=|) = r| ||
===| =r|=| = ||| + inir|)+
125
v ad v ad v ad v ad v ad &&& &&& &&& &&& &&& ; kst u k ; kst u k ; kst u k ; kst u k ; kst u k &&& &&& &&& &&& &&& f g an h i kB~; e ^c * f g an h i kB~; e ^c * f g an h i kB~; e ^c * f g an h i kB~; e ^c * f g an h i kB~; e ^c *
l ke kU; f u n sZ' k % l ke kU; f u n sZ' k % l ke kU; f u n sZ' k % l ke kU; f u n sZ' k % l ke kU; f u n sZ' k %e wY; kad u d j r s l e ; d ì ; k f u Eu f y f [ kr f u n sZ' kksad s i zf r l ko / kku h c j f r , A e wY; kad u d j r s l e ; d ì ; k f u Eu f y f [ kr f u n sZ' kksad s i zf r l ko / kku h c j f r , A e wY; kad u d j r s l e ; d ì ; k f u Eu f y f [ kr f u n sZ' kksad s i zf r l ko / kku h c j f r , A e wY; kad u d j r s l e ; d ì ; k f u Eu f y f [ kr f u n sZ' kksad s i zf r l ko / kku h c j f r , A e wY; kad u d j r s l e ; d ì ; k f u Eu f y f [ kr f u n sZ' kksad s i zf r l ko / kku h c j f r , A
. =-=|==| =| =.= =-=|== =| i|=|i|= +=-i= ==|=| r+ =-=|==| = i:) =)
=-|-i=: i-= =r| r+ = ==|+|== )+ =|=i-= r+ =i: +|-|||| = :== i-|-=, i=- =+=+-
=-| i:) r -| == =+=+- = i:) =|)+
z. =-=|== == +|n +|-|=| = =|| == -= +|= i:= +=i+-= |+| =|=ir= =+ =
=-=|==| + -|n|--||i- |:=|+|- i+=|-i+i=== =r| r| =|-| -= -= =-=|== |-| =
=|=| =|)+
s. = -=| ==-=|= +=| i==| =|r=| = = =| =r| =i-= =-=| ==| = i=i: = i=: .||= =| r| i==| =|)+
1. +.= = =+-||=| = =-|| + :|: | = i:) =|), =|: = =+-||=| = := =| =| =|= =|:
| = r|i.|= = inr|= == =|n|=- = i:=| =|)+
s. =i: +.= =| =|: =+-||= =r| r -| == + =|: | r| = i:) =|)+
c. =i: +|-|||| = i==| i-i+- +.= =| =-| -|| inr| i:=| r -| i== +.= =| +rn rn i==|
==| r == + = : | =|: = i=) r) =| =|= :+
:. =i-|- i=- =+=+- i++== = =|| +=-- i==| ==| i=:+- =-| i+=-- i++== =| +-||
=| =|=| =|)=|+ )= =-|| =| =i=- =r-+ := =| +-|| r+
s. =|-=| =| )= r| +=| =| .|, +-=| + = = =|=+
+. .|:-=|=| = i|= .|: r|= + -|| = = =|= =|)+
+. +i- =:=|.| | =|=|.| = +.=| = +|-||i|=| =| === = i-|=i+-=- =|=-| =| i
|= =r-+ = i:=| =|) i=== +|-||i|=| =| =|| r|i= r|+
. =-=|== = =+| = +=|= - + = ++ =| +=|= -||= r ||- +|-|||| = ; f n l Hkh v i sf { kr ; f n l Hkh v i sf { kr ; f n l Hkh v i sf { kr ; f n l Hkh v i sf { kr ; f n l Hkh v i sf { kr
mkj &f c an qv ksad k mYy s[ k f d ; k g mkj &f c an qv ksad k mYy s[ k f d ; k g mkj &f c an qv ksad k mYy s[ k f d ; k g mkj &f c an qv ksad k mYy s[ k f d ; k g mkj &f c an qv ksad k mYy s[ k f d ; k g Sr ks ml s i wj s 1 0 0 v ad f n , t ku s p kf g , A Sr ks ml s i wj s 1 0 0 v ad f n , t ku s p kf g , A Sr ks ml s i wj s 1 0 0 v ad f n , t ku s p kf g , A Sr ks ml s i wj s 1 0 0 v ad f n , t ku s p kf g , A Sr ks ml s i wj s 1 0 0 v ad f n , t ku s p kf g , A
126
i z' u &i =k&l a[ ; k 4 @1 @1 i z' u &i =k&l a[ ; k 4 @1 @1 i z' u &i =k&l a[ ; k 4 @1 @1 i z' u &i =k&l a[ ; k 4 @1 @1 i z' u &i =k&l a[ ; k 4 @1 @1
f g an h i kB~; e f g an h i kB~; e f g an h i kB~; e f g an h i kB~; e f g an h i kB~; e &&&&& &&&&& &&&&& &&&&& &&&&&^c * ^c * ^c * ^c * ^c *
[ k. M& ^d * [ k. M& ^d * [ k. M& ^d * [ k. M& ^d * [ k. M& ^d *
1 (=) i=-r| :| = =i| -
=i|=, n|=|=|, )== 1+1 = 2
(r|) i=-r| :| = =i|-i+=: -
=++=i:-, = -+| , + i-+)= 1+1 = 2
z (=) i=-r| :| =| ==|=-i+=r )+ ==|= =| -|:
i:=-i:= - ==|-||+
==| =| +i- - -+=| +X2
=| | :|| --- ;; = 2
(r|) i=-r| :| =| ===-+: )+ ==|= =| -|:
=n++| - -+=|
i+.||n=|= - =r+ |ir== ||= +X2
+=+=| --- i;=:i+= = 2
s (=) r=| - i+.| ||=|+ =|i== i+.| ||
=-n|= - =n|-||++|== =n|
==|=| ==| - i==|(=== i==|)
(+: =| =|=|-nr| -|| +=|- r) 1+1 =1
(r|) (i) i-|= ||, === + =1
(ii) = n -| - == =|n| =| |-| : r|= -||= + 1
(iii) ==| =|= 1
(=) i=-r| :| = +|=-+i+-= 1+1 = 2
(i) ==+|=- = ;|| r||=| r|| in=| ==| r+
(ii) -||++|= - === =n| =r| =|-|+
(iii) =-+|= - == ==|=| ==+ (=|: :|) 1+1 = 2
1 (=) ==| = ||| + +|+= -|: -
(i) i= +|+=
(ii) =n +|+= 1+1 = 2
(r|) | = ||| + +|+=--|: inir|)
(i) i+||=||=
(ii) |n||= 1+1 = 2
(=) i=: .||= =| +|+= 1+1 = 2
(i) =n +|+= - =|+ =|- r| n=| =|=| r| ==|+
(ii) i= +|+= - ===|r|== r| =|| ==n = |
|=| --||=| r|+ = r| +r r| n= =n| ==|+
(|) +|+=| = .|: | =+- 1+1 = 2
(i) |=| =| == =|== ir|n||+== =|== |=| =| ir|n||+
(ii) r== == =: =| :r|| r+ 1+1 = 2
(
.
) f o j ke f p g ~u % f o j ke f p g ~u % f o j ke f p g ~u % f o j ke f p g ~u % f o j ke f p g ~u %
-= =r| r| --r|| -| | + +-|-|| r| r|
r, =-:| +r=|+-i.|-|= = =|| = =r|+
(=r i=r=| =| =||=||= ==i=- +=|=)
-|= =r| r|= + = i:=| =|) 2
127
128
s. = = : (=|: )=)
i+|=-=|==| =| i++== (i=-r| -|= i=:| =| =-nr|) s
+ =- i-=n|.| n| z
-|||| - .| ,-| z
=n 7
c +|
+|-| | ==|+= =| |+=|i=-|) z
(|+=|i=-|) :|) =| =|) inr|| r|, :|=| =+|=| =)
i+|= =|== | 4
-|||| -|| + =- i- 2
=n 8
: +i- ==| .|
(i) :=| =| |:=| =| =|=-=-=|=
(-= =i=- .|||= + -|| = i:) =|))
(ii) :=| =| =|= == =| =|r| =r| ==| =|ir)
(iii) :=| =| =r+ :=| +i-|- r+
(iv) == = +i- == r:= = |: -||+
(v) =| :=| =| =-=|= :-| r +r =| =| -r =+= += == =|-| r+
s +i- =|=| .|
(i) +=- =- = +=i- =| .||-|| =| +|=
(ii) =r | =| = =|in=| | =|= =
(iii) = =- .................... =| i=n| =-+|n|
(iv) =|-| = :|=| =
(v) =| =r = |: =|in=| = =||+=- =- =| .||-|| = =||
129
+ ==|.| + |||i- +.=| = =-|
(i) =i+-| = ==n =i+ = i|= =r|= :=in) r|- r +=|i= + =i+-|
= i=+ -||+ =| :: i==|n- r | =i+ = i|= ===| |=: n-
r + z
(ii) +=|| ||- =-=|= := +|n =r|= r|- r +=|i= + +=| -|i+- +
,| -||+ = += = =|| =| i+=i=- = == +==|= ==|- r+ z
(iii) +|r|| =| :i= r| =|:= =| +r=|=-| | +r|-| r+ =|:= =
+.|== r| == +|=-i+= +i-| -|| i:n|- r+ z
v Fko k v Fko k v Fko k v Fko k v Fko k =n = c
(i) +=|i= = =- =|=n ==| r|- r, -||+=|== =+ = = r|= =
=|| || = =-|-=:|+ = === :| + =|-| r+ :| =i+-=| =
==| = i=i.=- -| + == =r=| =-|+ r+ z
(ii) +i--+=| =| i.-| =r- =|== r|-| r+ +r |+=| i+.+|= |
=== + i==| r|-| r =| )= === = == -|| ==-| r+ z
(iii) =r|:+| =| =i+-=- =|+= = = -| +i- =| =r| +|- r| | = z
r| + =|-+ =r| =| -||= ==|+ =n = 6
+ i=-r| :| +.=| = =-| +i-|- 4 + 4
(=) +=|i= =i==-|= = +r== =i+- += =| == -|n =|-| r+
-=|= -=|=, : =| -; | -| n = =r|= -| i- | = + :=| = in) |-|
r + =r| = : :==|) =|- r =| i==| = ==| =r| = ==- + -
== =n=|= = in) i==| +=|=- =| |+.==-| =r| r|-|+
(r|) i+=i=- : .| += ;|| =+|i:- =|== | =| r|+|= = in) : = : .||
= =|=| ::- r+ =|+=|i==-| = := == = i+=|=.||n :.| -||
130
+=| =+|:=--|=-| =:|= = =+= :r|- r+ :== in) + +rn
-r--r =| +=-| =| =+|:= =- r, i= =-r === =| +=|=
=- r+
(=) ===| =|=-+:|i- =|=|-= +in= i|=|i=| = i-|-= ||+ +
-=r||r = == | =+| |=:=| = i|= i+.+|= =- | + =n
= = = = =+|ir=| :== | = i==| -|| =i+- =| == | i:n+| : =|,
)=.|:.|. =:n=|, =|= = +-= |n=|, =+|r| =| -| =|, | ==|==|
=:n=| |i: ===| =|=-+:|i- = ir== |+
|=| n-=|=|: = =|+= = :.|-|i+- =+|+i ||+ + += |+ = )=
=:|r| || + : .| = ==-| =-r | = = i+ = =r| ||+ :=in) : .| = in)
=+|= =in:|= := = in) + -+ ||+ =+|= = =|= = |= +|n|
=|||| =| : r|= + i= i-- r| =| + +=| i= -| + == =- r ) + + i-n|
=-| r i= = +=| =|=| =r| :=|+ = +=| =|=| n= r=|+
|=| +=| +|-| =| =n i=- =r| ==| =|r-| + =-r r|-=|- = =|:|
+|-|+ + = = =| =| =|==| == =| i= -| ||+ + : =| =| : .| = in)
=-i=== =| +|| :-| ||+
i+||= = i+-| == i== |= = =i+- | + ==| :|| = =|=| = =|| =: +
=| = -==r| = ==- r- | + i=== === +|= += = = + ==-| n =|=
=| === r| =r| ||+ =-r|= =|- =| =-|| -|| += +| =| =|: = =r|
=|=| ||+ :== i++|- =|=| i+||= =| += +| = -|| i|= =|
=- | + +r ===| =| : = r| r| n= = | r | ||+ =|=| == += ir==
= == -n -|| ir|n| : - | -|| +|-|| i:n|= = in) += = | + i=|=
n =|- | + =|=| = === in) = = == =r |+
z =|=|.| + +.=| = =-| -
(i) =i+ - -n=|:|= + = 1
=i+-| - =|i- = :|r
(ii) =i: =|| ==|: = =r= ||| =| r|.| == +|n| =|- =r-| r, ==
-|=+.| i+ = =|- =r-| r =| + = i==| i:n|=| : -| r -| |=, |= |
5+1 (-||||)
= 6
5+1 (-||||)
= 6
131
.|| -|=| =| .||| i+=|.| r| =|-| r+ =|| =| ==-|||| |= =|
i+=|.| =-| r , = = =| == -|||| |= =| +-= =|-| r -|| + = ==
i=+|= |=| = .|| =| r|i= +r=|-| r+
(iii) + = == i==| -|= = =|| i+ = =| n= = in) i++.| r| -| r -| | =| =|
ir- r|-| r, +=|i= += =i: |=| =| === |= = i+|= = == =r|
=-|-| -| | =| =| =i=- :n|= =r| r| -| | || -|| ===| .|| -|||
r| =|-| r +
(i) =i+ - =i|n|.|| =- + = 1
=i+-| - =|--|i=
(ii) =r| =| =n = - = ==|= =-|= r + =r| .||-n = :, = = i|- +|= =n-|
r-| r =| r=|| |=|= : =-| r + =r| |= = - | =| == =n-| r-|
r + =r| =| ri=|n| =r|=n = ==|= + -|- r| -| r =| =-|| =| +=| |
|=i| - =-| r +
(iii) ri=|n| =| -n=| =i+ = =r|=n = =| r, +=|i= |-| =| r| ||=
=r|=n = ==|= =: | =|=n +-|- r|-| r+
s +i-+|:= (| =| :|+= v Fko k v Fko k v Fko k v Fko k v Fko k ||+|n| =| =|) (=|: )=)
| =| :|+=
=r =i+-| i=|.|| = == |.|| =| ==| =- r) === =| +i+-=.||n-|
+ ===|= =| +|| :-| r+ =|+= = == == r=|| :=|==+ |i=- =r|
r| -|+ + = i- +=| =|= += : = = =-| r-| r + =-||-=-|| =r r= i=|.||
= |=| = =| :-| r+ + ==| === +r| r =| i=|.|| = == = +=
=||i+- r| = =| + =|= =-| r + =|+= =| i+|= +ii=|i- = -|| =|r= = r|| =
=== =| +i+-=.||n-| = == =| =+|=|=| =|ir)+
| |+|n| =|
:= =i+-| = i++|- +ii=|i-=| = =|+=: r| = =|== +|n =i+- =| =:
= r|| ==| r+ r +ii=|i- =| += ==n ==| n= =| :-= |=|-|| =
+i+| === r| | =| n|| == ==-| r =r- i|= =| =|r +| = r|=
2
1+1 = 2
=n = s
2
1+1 = 2
=n = s
4
132
+ -|| == i=|.| | :r|| = r|= =|=| =| ==n-| = -|| r|.|| -n|.|= =|
+ =|= ==| =|ir)+ =: +ii=|i-=| | =) +|-|+| = :n= ==|== ==
=|= + +r ==|= = in) -|| =+=|=| r| =|-| r+
1 d kO; l kSa n ; Z d kO; l kSa n ; Z d kO; l kSa n ; Z d kO; l kSa n ; Z d kO; l kSa n ; Z
=|= ........................... -|n|:
Hkko l kS a n ; Z Hkko l kS a n ; Z Hkko l kS a n ; Z Hkko l kS a n ; Z Hkko l kS a n ; Z
+=-- =|+|: = =i=| = n-||| =| =-|=| ==| r i= =i=| =| =i, =| :.||
=| + =| =|n = ==|= = : | r| -| r + ) = = i=| =| =|== = r| -|n|: r + = i=|
=| ===i- = +-||+ =| =i+ = := +=| =r- r| ||-= =-|=| r+
f ' kYi l kSa n ; Z f ' kYi l kSa n ; Z f ' kYi l kSa n ; Z f ' kYi l kSa n ; Z f ' kYi l kSa n ; Z
- =|= i=- .... -||: = =+=| n=| r+
- =i=| = i=| =| =|+ =| =i- = ==|= =:| =-|=| ==| r+
- =|+|: =: =| +=|=
- +|| -|||| +=+- r: r, i=== -== .|:| =| +|r-= r+
(i=-r| :| i=:| =| =-nr| +i-|-)
| = =) || ........................... : : =|n+
Hkko & l kSan ; Z% Hkko & l kSan ; Z% Hkko & l kSan ; Z% Hkko & l kSan ; Z% Hkko & l kSan ; Z%
|=|.| = =|:n =+| +|r= = =+| r|= :: :+-| =|: =| r|n i:r|| r r+
f ' kYi l kSa n ; Z f ' kYi l kSa n ; Z f ' kYi l kSa n ; Z f ' kYi l kSa n ; Z f ' kYi l kSa n ; Z
=n:-=|=-=+= n=|
i+=-i+= - +==i+- +=|.| n=|
++-, =|:n, +|| + =|=+|= -||+=|| =|
||+ - =|=+|=| n=|+
|= =) || = =+|= n=|
n=|==| =n|== r|| =|n|
(=|: :| i=: +i-|-)
2+2 = 4
133
s ==: =+-| - = ==| = +| -| r| ||+ - = | + === r| ||, n =n r| ||,
|-| =: = ==|= =n r| ||+ |==|= = |n = =| =| =) |, =|=|:| +|
=| -||+ ||+
16 =||n|= + |||i- +.=| = =-|-i=:
(=) ==|n| =|= r| || i= +r -|| = =+ )= = =| ==|)=| =| ===|
r| =|+ ==| r === =r| r =| +r =|r r| r| = -|| = +-| =| = =|+ ==
+r |= =|)=| | =r - =r =| -= +r == +=| = =| = -||- |= : =|+
(r|) i+-|=| =| =:|=|=-| : r|= n r|= =| n=| i= ===| :=| .|i+- = =:
r+ -|+- r|- r) -|| +=| +| = =|: |=|| .|| =r| r =: r+ + r==|
-| n =)+ n=-| r : =| : r== i=+| r|| r + =|r = .|| - + : |=
||= r| r+
(=) =|=| = -==|i.|==| =| i=| = = = | n = =r| +|:i= = =| :==- == =
==n-| i=n| r + =| i|= r|| = = = =n =| i=| = i+i-|-= == = :==
== =| =|= |-| = i:=| r+
: (=) r|=| = = ==|= +|n| =i+- :: =i| =| =|=|-= =i+- ||+
& && && i j ksi d kj h i j ksi d kj h i j ksi d kj h i j ksi d kj h i j ksi d kj h - +r =|=| =| =:: == +|n| ||+ === r=| =n= + =|+
= n|=| =| =r|=-| =|, :+|:=| | |+=| =| +=| i==|+
& l e kt l s o h & l e kt l s o h & l e kt l s o h & l e kt l s o h & l e kt l s o h - =| r-n = =|= ==| = in) i+=|n= ==+|= = in) r|=|
= == =i+- = -|| ==| ==|+
& n `<+f u ' p ; h & n `<+f u ' p ; h & n `<+f u ' p ; h & n `<+f u ' p ; h & n `<+f u ' p ; h - r|=| = = =+) | =|=| =| n|n= -|| == +=
i=.== = i=| =r| ==|+
& f u HkhZd & f u HkhZd & f u HkhZd & f u HkhZd & f u HkhZd - ===| =|r= r i= +r =+= r|=| = =| i+|-+ n|=|= =n|
=|-| r | i=-|| =-| + + = =r-| r --- |+= |:=| =r ri|=| = =r|
=| |) |+ =|=| |+=| +|+= = :+
===| := i=-| | =|r= = r|=| = =| +|i=- = =n-| =|== =|
i++.| = i:=|+
2
2
2
2
== 1 s
== 1z 1
134
= = :|:| =| = irn-i=n ==| ||, === =|| r| .| r-| ||+ =| = i== ||
= = +- ||+ ==+ =| : = |=, = .| =r| ||+ +r :|:| =| = =|| r||-|,
=== = += = =| -| ||+ === =|| |= |:| =| = -|+ =-| ||+
=| = +|= =|= = =|: == ===| =| i=n| | =| = -||: =| =|| i=n|
i=== == =r- == =|r|= =| i=n| := +=| +r =|: = =:n ==|+
: (r|) =r : += = =n|-+ =| | + + =r|-||- =| +| |i|= =n|= i-=| =r|=in+ =
= ==+|=| =|r- | , i=== + =| =r|-||- =| i+.||n-| =| =|= | ===
= : .| =| === + :==| =|= =+ = +i|- == = in) =-r| = -||+ +=|
=| i==+- i==|+
-||+ +=| =+= : =| ||, + =+= =n|=| = ||+ +=| + .| =| -| =|r-|
|| + :=| =| == =r| ==-| ||+ := :=|n =+-||+ = =|| ===
+= =||| =n|=| -=|=-+i--|| =| r=| =+| :|+ +i||= =+=+
=:||== +|n i:= |) -|=|n = +r =i: = =|= :== = ==|+ :=
|==| =| +.|= = =|== =r : +=| =r|=in+ = =| = =n| ==|+ :=
+=| ===| =+= || r ==|+
i z' u &i =k&l a[ ; k 4 @1 i z' u &i =k&l a[ ; k 4 @1 i z' u &i =k&l a[ ; k 4 @1 i z' u &i =k&l a[ ; k 4 @1 i z' u &i =k&l a[ ; k 4 @1
f g an h i kB~; e f g an h i kB~; e f g an h i kB~; e f g an h i kB~; e f g an h i kB~; e &&&&& &&&&& &&&&& &&&&& &&&&&^c * ^c * ^c * ^c * ^c *
[ kaM& ^d * [ kaM& ^d * [ kaM& ^d * [ kaM& ^d * [ kaM& ^d *
1 (=) (i=-r| :| = =i|-i+=: +i-|-) 1+1=2 =
-||=+=:=, ir-+)||, =i:+i++
(r|) (i=-r| :| = =i| =| =-nr| +i-|-) 1+1=2 =
-| +, =||=n, =+|=-+
z z(=) (i=-r| :| =| =-nr| +i-|-) +++
(i) =r|.|= - =r=|ir ==|= = 2 =
3+2 = 5
2+2 = 4
=n = +
135
(ii) =|=-=|=|= - :+:+ ==|=
(iii) |=|+= - ==|-||+ ==|=
z(r|) (i=-r| :| =| =-nr| +i-|-) +++
(i) =| |r||=-| =| ==r==|r| - i;= ==|= = 2 =
(ii) |= = ==|= .=|=-==||=|= ==| r =| .=|= (=|) =r+|ir
(iii) == =|= +|=| - -+=| ==|=
s s(=) (i=-r| :| +:-|:| =| =-nr| +i-|-) 1+1= 2 =
: r|| - i+.| ||
=== - i+.||| (=+=|= -|| =|-=)
=r|=-|i- - =n|
s(r|)
(i) in= +i+-= - i=i=i==|, =|+|+
+ =1 =
(ii) +== - -|=+ = .|r| = ==|= :r =)+ 1 =
(iii) =|= - i|=| =|| 1 =
s(=) (i=-r| :| = +|=-+i+-= +i-|-) 1+1 = 2 =
(i) -||++|= = - +i-|=| =;|| =| =|-| r+
(ii) ==+|= = - i=+|r| ;||= +||| +=| ==|+
(iii) =-+|= = - =| r||=| =r| ==|-|=| r||=| =r| ==| ==-|+
1 1(=) ==| = ||| + +|+=--|: 1+1 = 2 =
(i) ==+- +|+=
(ii) i= +|+=
(r|) | = ||| + +|+=--|: 1+1 = 2 =
(i) +.=+|== +|+=
(ii) =:r+|== +|+=
136
(=) i=:.||==| +|+= - +i+-= 1+1 = 2 =
(i) =r|=| =| || ir =|+|:| | , =| i==| =| : r|| =r| : r|=| =|r- | =r|=|
=||| ir=|+|:| | | + i==| =| :r|| =r| :r|=| =|r- |+
(ii) i+:.| = r= +|n| =| i=| =n =r|= -||- | r| r+
(|) .|, =+ + i-|- 1+1 = 2 =
(i) := i+=|n= = n= | ni==| =-|| +:- r+
(ii) + n|= =|+ = r+
(
.
) =+=+- i+|=-i=r= +i-|- 1+1 = 2 =
==| i=| +r| r =| === = === i=| =| =:: =-| r, --= =r|=
=i+-=| = i+=| r+
[ kaM [ kaM [ kaM [ kaM [ kaM & && && ^[ k* ^[ k* ^[ k* ^[ k* ^[ k*
s = = --i= : | = ||| +, i==| )= i+|= + n=-|= ++ .|:| = = = : + i-|- 3+2+2=7 =
(i) i+|= =|==| =| i++== s =
(ii) + =- i- =n| z =
(iii) -|||| .| ,-| z =
c +|-n r|= 2+4+2=8 =
(i) +|-| | ==|+= =| |+=|i=-|) z =
(ii) i+|= =|== | 4 =
(iii) -|||| | + =- i- 2 =
[ kaM & ^x * [ kaM & ^x * [ kaM & ^x * [ kaM & ^x * [ kaM & ^x *
: (i) i.|-|| =| =r-+ (-= =|: -|| =+=+- .|||= =+|=|=) 1+1+1+1+1
(ii) i.|-||, -=|=, +=|= -|| .|||| = =|+= ==i=- r|= + ==- == = 5=
=| r| =|-| r+
137
(iii) i==| : .| =| =-=i- ==-| =| =|===-| = = -|+ r +
(iv) i=- .|i+-, i.|-|| ;|| =|=i- =+-= = :.| =| =|| ==| ==-| r+
(v) i+=|= =| =: =-||+=|) =+-= r|=|+
s (=) =: ==r, =: i=|, =: =|i-, =: -=, =: ===, =: |=, =: =|= 1+1+1+1+1
-|| =) == = i==|| =| | =|= i:n|=| ==| r+ = 5 =
(r|) r-|.|-i=|.|, : r|| =i+- = == = |.|| =| = =| ==|, r| .|| + =-=-|
+:|= == =| =|i.|.| ==|+
(=) +i-|=| = ;|| =) =+ = =r=r|=| | -||| =| ==- r|= ====|=|
===| ==|+= r +
(|) =+ = = = in) =) |=, =) =|= || - =+ i==| | =| + -|| =| =: r +
(
.
) == = ==|) ===| = =:-=: ===|= -||, =| || = = =+-|,
+= ==| i==|| =|+

[ kaM & ^?k* [ kaM & ^?k* [ kaM & ^?k* [ kaM & ^?k* [ kaM & ^?k*
+ (i) === = -|=== =| =|| r -|| = |+=| +i-:+:i+-| =| -||+ r+
=|=+|= =-=| =| ::-| -|| |==== == =-|n= == =| =|r=
: - r + 1+1 =2 =
(ii) == = +=| i++ =.||n-| | =|===-| = =-|| ====|| =| rn
i==|n-| r+ +r +rn -|| -|==| r + i= .||| r| =-|n= =| -|| r+
+r =:| =ni-=| = =|r| n-| r | =-r :|r|-| =r| r+ z
(iii) === = =|= | =in:|= =| ==|+i-| =|=: r, +r += =|= ;|| z
i++|- +ii=|i-=| + i+== +|- = |= =:-| r| r+ =n = c
(i) -||-|=| =| :=| ;|| =|r| =: +=- = =|:= == |-| r, =-r +|:
=:-| =:+ =|ir- =-| r+
(ii) = +== n == = :|.| i== | + + -||- =| =-=-| | = == i- = =i|=
+ -||i+- | +
(iii) -||-|= ===i- + =-=-| =| r|==-| = =i-|n r+
2
2
2
138
+ = (=|: :| =-| +i-|-)
:.| = i+-||== = =|: ir: | ==n=|=| = =|= =+-= +=+
i+.+|= =| :|+|+ = =n| = =|- === =| + :|i== -=|+ =+-= r| ==|
||+ n|= =+|| | i++= = =|| |+= = n r |+
(r|) =r|:+| =|iri== +i+| ==|=, ==+ |=|i=- =, =|+=- ==
=-||-i=-n| +|n=, -= == =|= == += | = |== =| ==|=,
=|-==, =|-==|| |i: ==|= +|i+|i= -||+ =| -i- =-|
|| +
(=) =n = = = = +rn =| )i+ = - =| ==|+ -|n : =|= = = =| = -=
= == +||| i=, = : =|+ -|n | = == : =|= =| +-| n = +|n|
=| =|n :=| i= = +=| == =+ = | r+ =+|r| =| -=| ==|,
)=.|:.|. =:n=|, =|= = +-= |n=|, |==|==| =:n=| |i:+
=+|=|-|i+- = i|= =r++| :.|-|i+- r+ === = === :.| =+=+ r| =|-|
r+ =+|=|-|i+- = =+|| =| =| |-| r ==i= :.|-|i+- = |===+| =|
-||+=| +== r|-| r+ =+|=|-|i+- = =|-+=| =| +r| =| =|-| r ==i=
: .|-|i+- = === = in) ==|r =| -||+=| =n=-| r + :=in) n-=|=|: -|=|
=| =|=| = +i- +=
|:|| = in) +i- =-| r+

r| -|=| | = -||n=|, +.| | =| =|=| i+n|=|, =|| : =|, =| .||n| =|=
==|, -|n|=
=|=
==|, =|i=n = + =+|=|, i.-:|| =| r||i-:|| ==|, n=-:= =|

ir=|= r|=| |i: =r --=| =|= =|=| =- | + := =|=| = =:n =-r + = =r|
i=n- | -|| = =|= |-| = =|= === =|- |+
z (i) =i+ =| =|= - | =i=||=:= +-
=i+-| =| =|= - ++- +:.| = +|+=
(ii) ++- += =+|=| =| :+| =+| -|n|= = r=|| =n =+| =|| = :r|
r| r+
(iii) ++- =| i+.||n-| =| |==|= =-| =|i==| = -|| -|n|= =| i==n-|
=| :+| = =+- i==| r+
2+2=4
4
4
5+1 (-||||) = c
3+2+1 (-||||)
= c
+ = 1
1+1 = 2
1+1 = 2
139
(i) =i+ =| =|= - | -|+|=| +=|: i=
=i+-| =| =|= - =|- =
|.|
(ii) -==- r| =|= + == := .|= = ===|| i=n|+ )= n=| i= n|= |=
:=|= == :- r -| +r =|- +=| =r| == ==-|
(iii) =i+ =|- = == = =-|| +rn | + i+=| = = =| r + == = := =|=
=| == = =|: .|= =r== =r| r|-| +=|i= n|=| = -| :=|= -= ==
i:=| r, +r -| =+n =|- == r| r+
s =i+-| =| +i-+|:= +i-|- =|--|i= =i+-|
-||- -| i= = + i- + = =+- i==| r + =i+ =| =|==| r i= -||- =|-| : .+ =|
=|-||- + i-=| r + === -= + ri=|n| =+| =| | -|| |=|.| =+| =|n| | : =|
r+ ==, =:, -| =i:=|, =|:n ===| |=| = r r+ =i+ ===| |n-i===|
= +n-= r|= =| +=| =|-||= =|=-| r | := =| i===| = i=n =|= +
=|-| =| +|i- ===-| r+
^f e =k&i z l a x * d f o r k% ^f e =k&i z l a x * d f o r k% ^f e =k&i z l a x * d f o r k% ^f e =k&i z l a x * d f o r k% ^f e =k&i z l a x * d f o r k%
i=|-+ = = = == i=| = n-|| =-|) r + === = =| ==| i=| = -= =|
+r=|= =|-| r | i=| =| ==|= = r=|= ==|= + =n|-| r+ +r +=
: r| =| =+ -|| = i=| =| : r| = ==|-| r + i=| = += || =| i=+|= =: = ||
=| +== =-| r+ =| =r + =||-=|| =|- | +| +|= =|: =-| r +r
==| i=| =r| r| ==-|+ + =r- r i= = r| = +=, = +| |=|, = n=| =|| |
=+=| i=| =|= =| -r :r|:|=| r|- r+
1 =|=-=|:= = in) -||+-=|:= | i.|-+-=|:= + ==.| i+=| +i-|-+
Hkko &l ka S n ; Z Hkko &l ka S n ; Z Hkko &l ka S n ; Z Hkko &l ka S n ; Z Hkko &l ka S n ; Z
+=i- = r|n r||| +=| =+:| === + n=|: r + |= === ===| +=
=+|| = in) .|| || = r| r + |= == = =:| + =| | ==|= ===| n|-| =|
r| r + := + =| =:| =|=| = = ==|= =+ = =n=|| == =: r + := + =| =i+
=| =-+=| | -||+-++|-| =- =|r=|= r+
(=n|| inr|= + -|| = i:) =|))
+ = 1
1+1 = 2
2
4
140
f ' kYi &l kS a n ; Z f ' kYi &l kS a n ; Z f ' kYi &l kS a n ; Z f ' kYi &l kS a n ; Z f ' kYi &l kS a n ; Z
=:| =|=|= =|=+|=| n=| r+
-|||| =n | =|==|=-| in) r) r+
=+-= =: r+ i=||== .|n| =| +=|=+
(i=-r| :| i=:| =| =-nr| +i-|-)
Hkk Hkk Hkk Hkk Hkko & o & o & o & o &l kS a n ; Z l kS a n ; Z l kS a n ; Z l kS a n ; Z l kS a n ; Z
= ir|=| =| i+.| |-|| =| ==|= i==| r + =i+ =| =|==| r i= = ir|=| =| = r|
= ==|= r| =| =|ir)+ i== + =| -|| == -| = +n =r| =-| r + +r .|| =
=-|| =| =| ===| |+.==-|= =| ==| + :|= =-| r , ==| + =| = ir|=| =|
-|| ===| |+.==-|| =| =|= r|=| =|ir)+ =i+ =| -||+-++|-| |
=|=|i== :i= =|r=|= r+
f ' kY f ' kY f ' kY f ' kY f ' kYi & i & i & i & i &l kSa n ; Z% l kSa n ; Z% l kSa n ; Z% l kSa n ; Z% l kSa n ; Z%
+|n-+|=, r||=-+|= =|=|i== +: + =+|= n=| r+
=+=| (=r| =|)
i=||== .| n|
:| r| = :
=|=n =|- =n -|||| =| +=|=
(i=-r| :| i=:| =| =-nr| +i-|-)
s = += r| |= =| =+ i==| | = ==- r + + +=| =|= .|i+- =| =+=| = =i:
=== = = -| = -|| =-= r| ==-| r -|| :.|-+=i- = i.|r| + +r=
==-| r +
c ==| -= + ==|r =| = =:| =| +|=| n= == =| +=|= = r| || |
==|n| - =| -|| ==|= = == ||+ :|=| += r|n = ==- r|= = =||
==| =| -|n = |+
-||+ +=| :=|n ||+ == += =|== i==| -= =i+- =| +.|=| =| =r|
n=-| ||+ =r : += = = -||+ +=| =| =r|=in+ = =| i==| | == =| =r| -||
2+2 = 4
2+2 = 4
2
2
141
=== ==-| -=|= | +i--|| =| +.|=| =| :=in) -||+ +=| =| ==| =|=
i=n= =| +=-=-| =r| r:+
+| =| =|+ = |= r|-|-=|| =-||n=| -|| =|| =| r||n| ==|= + ==
==+|= =| =|= i+-| =| :=| = i+=, ||+
: (=) ir=| ;|| |= = -|== =+| += =| =r| |=- + n|=| =| ==-| r+
r|=| = = += |:i==| ;|| :| =| == =i+- =| =+|= =| +==
i==| +- === ==n r|+ :== i++|- +r =i+- r|=| = =|
i+=-| n +|+= == i=r|| = = | | ==|+ === |==n + ir =|
-|| +|+=| =| -||+=| = r|=| = =| r:= +i+-= r| ==|+
(r|) = = -=| =| =|: = =|)=|, -=| == n|| ==|)=|, +r i:= -| |==
= :| -| i= =|+ = = |)=| -| === =|= =|+= = r| i.|=| -| =|) =|+
+r == =| +=| =|:| = ir|n|)=|+ == =|| i:= ===| |=n +=
| = =|+ +rn -| +r =| =|-=| ||, +|n= = +| == i=r|-| r-| || + -
= -| =| | = :|-| i==|+ |- =| |== =| -r === n|| ==
i==| =| )=| =r| + +r == =r - =| = =| -|| = = -|| === n| = =|+
=-| =-|| =n|- r+ =-|| = =-| =-|| = in) === +=- r+ == )= =
=r| := -i-| =|=| =| =n|= r||= = : = =| -|=-| r=| +|= r + - :==
r= === :|:| = =| = +-| =r| =n =|+ = = :| = =r| i= == = r + i=|-
= =|+ r=| =| = =|= =|) = :=in) = +n +n| == =- r=| =|ir)+ = =
-|= =| =| ==| -|| =r| || i= r= += i=-+ =| i=+|) r| r|=| =|ir) +=| i=
=n =| + = =-|= -i-|=|= -|= ==- r+ :=in) r= )=| ==| =|ir)
i=== =-r =r =n-=
r=| r| =|) i= ==|= + = = -|| =r++ | =r| r i===

+ n|-| =| ==- r+
2
2
4+1 (-||||)=s
4+1 (-||||)=s
4+1 (-||||)=s
142
SECTION - A
Question numbers 1 to 7 carry 2 marks each.
1. If x + k is the GCD of x
2
2x - 15 and x
3
+ 27, find the value of k.
2. Solve for x and y :
6
6
= +
y
x

5
8
3 =
y
x
OR
MATHEMATICS
1. All questions are compulsory
2. The question paper consists of 25 questions divided into three sections - A, B
and C. Section A contains 7 questions of 2 marks each, Section B is of 12
questions of 3 marks each and Section C is of 6 questions of 5 marks each.
3. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in
two questions of two marks each, two questions of three marks each and two
questions of five marks each.
4. In question on construction, the drawing should be neat and exactly as per the
given measurements.
5. Use of calculators is not permitted. Hower, you may ask for Mathematical
tables.
143
Solve for x and y :
8
3
1
2
1
= +
+ y x
9
2
1
3
1
=
+
+
y x
3. Find the sum of first 25 terms of an A.P. whose nth term is 1 4n.
4. P and Q are points on sides CA and CB respectively of ABC, right angled
at C. Prove that
AQ
2
+ BP
2
= AB
2
+ PQ
2
OR
In Fig. 1, DE || AB and FE || DB.
Prove that DC
2
= CF. AC
5. The mean of the following frequency distribution is 62.8. Find the missing
frequency x.
Class 0-20 20 - 40 40 - 60 60 - 80 80 - 100 100 - 120
Frequency 5 8 x 12 7 8
6. Cards marked with numbers 3, 4, 5, ........., 50 are placed in a box and mixed
thoroughly. One card is drawn at random from the box. Find the probability that
number on the drawn card is
(i) divisible by 7.
(ii) a number which is a perfect square.
144
7. A washing machine is available for Rs 13,500 cash or Rs. 6,500 as cash down
payment followed by three monthly instalments of Rs 2,500 each. Find the rate of
interest charged under instalment plan.
SECTION - B
Question numbers 8 to 19 are of 3 marks each.
8. Solve the following system of equations graphically.
2x + 3y = 8 ; x + 4y = 9
9. Simplify :
2 2
y x
2xy
y x
y
y x
x
+
10. Which term of the A.P. 3, 15, 27, 39, ... will be 132 more than its 54th
term ?
11. In Fig. 2, T A is a tangent to the circle from a point T and TBC is a secant
to the circle. If AD is the bisector of CAB, prove that ADT is isosceles.
OR
In ABC, AD BC and AD
2
= BD.DC. Prove that BAC is a right angle.
12. Draw a PQR with base QR = 6 cm, vertical angle P = 60 and median
through P to the base is of length 4.5 cm.
13. A toy is in the form of a cone mounted on a hemisphere of common base
radius 7 cm. The total height of the toy is 31 cm. Find the total surface area
of the toy.
=
7
22
Use
145
14. The enrolment of a secondary school in different classes is given below:
Class VI VII VIII IX X
Enrolment 600 500 400 700 200
Draw a pie chart to represent the above data.
15. A bag contains 5 red balls and some blue balls. If the probability of drawing a blue
ball from the bag is thrice that of a red ball, find the number of blue balls in the bag.
16. Prove that
A cos A sin
cotA 1
sinA
tanA 1
cosA
+ =
OR
Evaluate without using trigonometric tables
) 85 tan 65 tan 45 tan 25 tan 5 (tan 7
) 20 ec cos 70 (cos 4
5 3 sin 7
55 cos 3
o o o o o
o o
o
o

+
17. Show that the points (7, 10), (- 2, 5) and (3, - 4) are the vertices of an isosceles
right triangle.
18. In what ratio does the line x - y - 2 = 0 divides the line segment joining (3, - 1)
and (8, 9) ?
19. A man borrows money from a finance company and has to pay it back in two
equal half-yearly instalments of Rs 7,396 each. If the interest is charged by the
finance company at the rate of 15% per annum, compounded semi-annually, find
the principal and the total interest paid.
SECTION - C
20. If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle, to intersect the other two sides
in distinct points, prove that the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.
146
Using the above, prove the following:
In Fig. 3, DE || BC and BD = CE . Prove that ABC is an isosceles triangle.
21. Prove that the sum of either pair of opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is
180
o
.
Using the above, find x and y in Fig. 4.
22. The difference of two numbers is 5 and the difference of their reciprocals is
10
1
.
Find the numbers.
OR
By increasing the list price of a book by Rs 10 a person can buy 10 less books for
Rs 1,200. Find the original list price of the book.
23. A sphere, of diameter 12 cm, is dropped in a right circular cylindrical vessel, partly
filled with water. If the sphere is completely submerged in water, the water level in
the cylindrical vessel rises by
9
5
3 cm. Find the diameter of the cylindrical vessel.
OR
Fig. 3
147
A solid right circular cone of diameter 14 cm and height 8 cm is melted to form a
hollow sphere. If the external diameter of the sphere is 10 cm, find the internal
diameter of the sphere.
24. A boy standing on a horizontal plane finds a bird flying at a distance of 100 m from
him at an elevation of 30. A girl standing on the roof of 20 metre high building,
finds the angle of elevation of the same bird to be 45. Both the boy and the girl
are on opposite sides of the bird. Find the distance of bird from the girl.
25. Ms. Shahnaz earns Rs 35,000 per month (excluding HRA). She donates Rs 30,000
to Prime Minister Relief Fund (100% exemption) and Rs 40,000 to a Charitable
Hospital (50% exemption). She contributes Rs 5,000 per month to Provident
Fund and Rs 25,000 per annum towards LIC premium. She purchases NSC
worth Rs 20,000. She pays Rs 2,300 per month towards income tax for 11 month.
Find the amount of income tax she has to pay in 12th month of the year.
Use the following to calculate income tax.
(a) Saving: 100% exemption for
permissible saving upto
Rs. 1,00,000.
(b) Rates of income tax for ladies
Slab Income tax
(i) Upto Rs. 1,35,000 No tax
(ii) From Rs. 1,35,001 to 10% of taxable Income
Rs. 1,50,000 exceeding Rs. 1,35,000
(iii) From Rs. 1,50,001 to Rs. 1,500 + 20% of the
Rs. 2,50,000 amount exceeding Rs. 1,50,000
(iv) Rs. 2,50,001 and above Rs. 21,500 + 30% of the amount
exceeding Rs. 2,50,000
(c) Education Cess: 2% of income tax payable
148
SECTION - A
1. Find the LCM of x
3
+ x
2
+ x + 1 and x
4
1.
2. Solve for x and y :
8x 9y = 6xy
10x + 6y = 19xy
OR
Solve for x and y :
3
8
3
y
4x = +
2
5
4
3y
2
x
= +
3. In an A.P., the sum of its first n terms is n
2
+ 2n. Find its 18th term.
4. In Figure 1, two circles touch each other externally at C. Prove that the common
tangent at C bisects the other two common tangents.
OR
D is any point on the side BC of a ABC such that ADC = BAC.
Prove that CA
2
= BC . CD.
149
5. Find the mean of the following distribution:
Class Frequency
0-10 8
10 - 20 12
20 - 30 10
30 - 40 11
40 - 50 9
6. A ceiling fan is marked at Rs 970 cash or for Rs 210 as cash down payment
followed by three equal monthly instalments of Rs 260. Find the rate of interest
charged under the instalment plan.
7. A box contains 5 red balls, 4 green balls and 7 white balls. A ball is drawn at
random from the box. Find the probability that the ball drawn is
(a) white.
(b) neither red nor white.
SECTION B
Questions number 8 to 19 carry 3 marks each.
8. Solve the following system of linear equations graphically:
2x + 3y = 12
2y 1 = x
9. Simplify:
( )
( )
2 2
2
2
a x
a x
x a
4ax
1
+
+
10. The first term, common difference and last term of an AP. are 12, 6 and 252
respectively. Find the sum of all terms of this A.P.
150
11. Prove that any four vertices of a regular pentagon are cyclic.
OR
BC is a chord of a circle with centre O. A is a point on arc BAC as shown in
Figure 2. Prove that BAC + OBC = 90
o
.
12. Draw a circle of radius 4.5 cm. At a point A on it, draw a tangent to the circle
without using the centre.
13. A toy is in the form of a cone mounted on a hemisphere with same radius. The
diameter of the base of the conical portion is 7 cm and the total height of the toy
is 14.5 cm. Find the volume of the toy. [Use
7
22
=
]
14. The expenditure on different heads of a household (in hundreds of rupees) is as
follows:
Head Education Games Entertainment Gardening Decoration
Expenditure 20 10 15 10 17
Draw a pie diagram to represent the above data.
15. All the three face cards of spades are removed from a well-shuffled pack of 52
cards. A card is then drawn at random from the remaining pack. Find the
probability of getting (a) a black face card, (b) a queen, (c) a black card.
16. Prove that
tan A + sec A 1
=
1 + sin A
tan A sec A + 1 cos A
151
OR
Evaluate without using trigonometric tables
tan 7
.
tan 23
.
tan 60
.
tan 67
.
tan 83 +
o
o
36 cot
54 cot
+ sin 20
.
sec 70 2
17. Three consecutive vertices of a parallelogram are (-2, -1), (1, 0) and (4, 3). Find
the coordinates of the fourth vertex.
18. If the point C (1, 2) divides the line segment AB in the ratio 3 : 4, where the
coordinates of A are (2, 5), find the coordinates of B.
19. A loan of Rs. 2550 is to be paid back in two equal half-yearly instalments. How
much is each instalment if interest is compounded half-yearly at 8% per annum?
SECTION C
20. Prove that the ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of the
squares of their corresponding sides.
Use the above for the following:
If the areas of two similar triangles are equal, prove that they are congruent.
21. If a line touches a circle and from the point of contact a chord is drawn, prove
that the angles which this chord makes with the given line are equal respectively
to the angles formed in the corresponding alternate segments.
Use the above for the following:
In Figure 3, ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral and PQ is the tangent to the circle at C.
If BD is the diameter and DCQ = 40 and ABD = 60, find (i) ADB
(ii) BCP.
152
22. The numerator of a fraction is one less than its denominator. If three is added to
each of the numerator and denominator, the fraction is increased by
28
3
. Find
the fraction.
OR
The difference of squares of two natural numbers is 45. The square of the smaller
number is four times the larger number. Find the numbers.
23. A hemispherical bowl of internal diameter 36 cm is full of some liquid. This liquid
is to be filled in cylindrical bottles of radius 3 cm and height 6 cm. Find the
number of bottles needed to empty the bowl.
OR
Water flows out through a circular pipe whose internal radius is 1 cm, at the rate
of 80 cm/second into an empty cylindrical tank, the radius of whose base is 40
cm. By how much will the level of water rise in the tank in half an hour?
24. A pole 5 m high is fixed on the top of a tower. The angle of elevation of the top of
the pole observed from a point A on the ground is 60 and the angle of depres-
sion of point A from the top of the tower is 45. Find the height of the tower.
(Take
3
= 1
.
732)
25. The salary of Hukam Singh is Rs. 42,000 per month (exclusive of HRA). He
donates Rs. 30,000 to Prime Ministers Relief Fund (100% exemption). He
contributes Rs. 6,500 per month towards Provident Fund and Rs. 5,000 quarterly
towards LIC premium. He also purchases NSC worth Rs. 10,000. He pays
income tax of Rs. 5,100 per month for 11 months. Calculate the income tax he
has to pay in the 12th month of the year.
Figure 3
153
Use the following to calculate income tax:
(a) Savings 100% exemption for permissible
savings upto Rs. 1,00,000
(b) Rates of Income tax
Slab Income tax
(i) Upto Rs. 1,00,000 No tax
(ii) From Rs. 1,00,001 to 10% of the taxable income
Rs. 1,50,000 exceeding Rs. 1,00,000
(iii) From Rs. 1,50,001 to Rs. 5,000 + 20% of the amount
Rs. 2,50,000 exceeding Rs. 1,50,000
(iv) Rs. 2,50,001 and above Rs. 25,000 + 30% of the. amount
exceeding Rs. 2,50,000
(c) Education Cess 2% of Income tax
154
Strictly Confidential : (For Internal and Restricted Use Only)
March 2007
Marking Scheme ---- Mathematics (Delhi) 30/1/1
1. The Marking Scheme provides general guidelines to reduce subjectivity and maintain
uniformity among large number of examiners involved in the marking. The answers
given in the Marking Scheme are the best suggested answers.
2. Marking is to be done as per instructions provided in the marking scheme. (It
should not be done according to one's own interpretation or any other consideration.)
3. Alternative methods are accepted. Proportional marks are to be awarded.
4. If a question is attempted twice and the candidate has not crossed any answer,
only first attempt is to be evaluated. Write EXTRA with second attempt.
5. A full scale of marks 0 to 80 has to be used. Please do not hesitate to award
full marks if the answer deserves it.
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
1. The question paper comprises of two sections, A and B. You have to attempt both
the sections.
2. You are advised to attempt all the questions of Section A and Section B separately.
3. All questions are compulsory.
4. There is no overall choice. However, internal choice has been provided in some
questions. You are to attempt only one option in such questions.
5. Marks allocated to every question are indicated against it.
6. Question numbers 1-4 in Section A and 17, 18 in Section B are very short answer
questions. These are to be answered in one word or one sentence.
7. Question numbers 5-8 in Section A and 19, 20 in Section B are short answer
questions. These are to be answered in 30-40 words each.
8. Question numbers 9-14 in Section A and 21-23 in Section B are also short answer
questions. These are to be answered in 40-50 words each.
9. Question numbers 15, 16 in Section A and 24 in Section B are long answer
questions. These are to be answered in 70 words each.
QUESTION PAPER DELHI (CODE NO. 31/1/1)
SECTION - A
1. Classify the following reactions into slow and fast reaction:
(i) Reaction between an acid and a base. 1
(ii) Rusting of iron.
2. Give the names of the functional groups:
(i) CHO (ii) C=O
175
3. What is a Galaxy ? 1
4. What is the S.I. unit of electric potential ? 1
5. (a) Give Arrhenius definition of an acid and a base.
(b) Choose strong acid and strong base from the following:
CH
3
COOH, NH
4
OH, KOH, HCl. 2
6. What is Tollens reagent ? What would you observe on heating Tollens reagent
with formalin in a test tube ? 2
7. Distinguish between polar and equatorial orbits for artificial satellites. Illustrate the
two orbits on a diagram. 2
8. An electric iron has a rating of 750 W, 220 V. Calculate
(i) current passing through it, and
(ii) its resistance, when in use. 2
9. Name the raw materials that are required for the manufacture of washing soda by
Solvay Process. Describe the chemical reactions involved in the process. 3
10. What is liquor ammonia ? Describe with a diagram, Fountain Experiment to
demonstrate the following properties of ammonia :
(i) high solubility in water.
(ii) its alkaline nature. 3
11. Give reasons for the following :
(i) A peculiar smell is observe near the preserved specimens in biology
laboratory.
(ii) Methanal undergoes addition reaction with hydrogen cyanide.
(iii) Propanone can be used as a nail polish remover. 3
12. A concave lens has focal length of 20 cm. At what distance from the lens a 5 cm
tall object be placed so that it forms an image at 15 cm from the lens ? Also calculate
the size of the image formed. 3
176
13. (a) Why is the Solar Cooker box covered with a plane glass plate ?
(b) Why is energy of water flowing in a river considered to be an indirect form
of solar energy ?
(c) How is the fission of U nucleus brought about ? 3
14. (a) What is meant by Electric Resistance of a conductor ?
(b) A wire of length L and resistance R is stretched so that its length is doubled
and the area of cross-section is halved. How will its :
(i) resistance change ?
(ii) resistivity change ? 3
15. (a) Name one main ore of Aluminium. Write its formula. Which two main
impurities are associated with this ore ?
(b) Describe with chemical equations the method employed for the enrichment
of the above named ore.
OR
(a) Why is sulphuric acid called King of Chemicals ?
(b) Describe the three chemical reactions that take place during the conversion
of sulphur dioxide to sulphuric acid in the Contact Process.
(c) Why should water be never added dropwise to concentrated sulphuric acid ? 5
16. Define the term, Critical Angle. What is meant by Total Internal Reflection ?
State two essential conditions for total internal reflection to take place. With the
help of a ray diagram, illustrate an application of total internal reflection.
OR
(a) What is meant by a magnetic field ?
(b) How is the direction of magnetic field at a point determined ?
(c) Describe an activity to demonstrate the direction of the magnetic field
generated around a current carrying conductor.
(d) What is the direction of magnetic field at the centre of a current carrying
circular loop ? 5
235
92
177
SECTION - B
17. Name the term for transport of food from leaves to other parts of the plant. 1
18. What is a neuron ? 1
19. Describe the mechanism of blood clotting.
OR
State the two vital functions of the human kidney. Name the procedure used in the
working of artificial kidney. 2
20. Name the two hormones secreted by pancreas. Write one function of each hormone
named. 2
21. (a) What is fertilization ? Distinguish between external fertilization and internal
fertilization.
(b) What is the site of fertilization in the human beings ? 3
22. Define the terms :
(i) Analogous organs
(ii) Vestigial organ
(iii) Sex chromosome 3
23. (a) What is Environmental Pollution ?
(b) Distinguish between biodegradable and non-biodegradable pollutants.
(c) Choose the biodegradable pollutants from the list given below :
Sewage, DDT, radioactive waste, agricultural waste.
OR
Suggest three ways to maintain a balance between environment and development
to survive. 3
24. (a) Draw a diagram of a Palisade Cell.
(b) Label vacuole, chloroplast, cell wall and cytoplasm on the diagram drawn.
(c) Name the two stages in photosynthesis.
178
QUESTION PAPER OUTSIDE (CODE NO. 31/1)
SECTION - A
1. What is the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction ? 1
2. Which class of compounds gives a positive Fehling's test ? 1
3. Approximately how many stars are there in the Milky Way ? 1
4. What is meant by the statement, Potential difference between points A and B in
an electric field is 1 volt. ? 1
5. State the Law of Chemical Equilibrium. Write an expression for the equilibrium
constant (K) for the reaction,
N
2
(g) + 3 H
2
(g) 2 NH
3
(g) + 92 kJ 2
6. Name the organic acid present in vinegar. Write a chemical equation which represents
the commercial method for the preparation of this acid from methanol. 2
7. Distinguish between Artificial and Natural satellites. Why are artificial satellites
called Eyes in the Sky ? 2
8. An electric lamp is marked 100 W, 220 V. It is used for 5 hours daily. Calculate
(i) its resistance while glowing.
(ii) energy consumed in kWh per day. 2
9. (a) Write the chemical name and formula of bleaching powder.
(b) Why does bleaching powder smell of chlorine when exposed to air ?
(c) Write chemical equation to represent the action of dilute hydrochloric acid
on bleaching powder. 3
10. What is meant by Dehydrating Agent ? Describe with a chemical equation, an
activity to show that concentrated sulphuric acid is a strong dehydrating agent. 3
11. Give reasons for the following :
(i) Oxidation of ethanol with CrO
3
produces ethanal while ethanol when oxidised
with alkaline KMnO
4
produces ethanoic acid.
179
(ii) Propanone forms addition product with HCN.
(iii) Alcohol supplied for industrial purposes is mixed with copper sulphate. 3
12. An object 50 cm tall is placed on the principal axis of a convex lens. Its 20 cm tall
image is formed on the screen placed at a distance of 10 cm from the lens. Calculate
the focal length of the lens. 3
13. (a) State one limitation of solar energy available from solar cells.
(b) What is the minimum wind velocity required to obtain useful energy with a
windmill ?
(c) Define the term Nuclear Fission. 3
14. (a) State Ohms Law.
(b) Draw a schematic diagram of the circuit for studying Ohms Law. 3
15. (a) Name the chief ore of iron. Write its formula.
(b) How is an iron ore concentrated ? Describe it briefly.
(c) Draw a labelled diagram of the blast furnace used in the extraction of iron from
its concentrated ore.
OR
(a) Draw a labelled diagram of Frasch Process used for extracting sulphur.
(b) State the principle involved in the extraction of sulphur directly out of the
ground. 5
16. A 14-year old student is not able to see clearly the questions written on the blackboard
placed at a distance of 5 m from him.
(a) Name the defect of vision he is suffering from.
(b) With the help of labelled ray diagrams show how this defect can be corrected.
(c) Name the type of lens used to correct this defect.
OR
(a) What is an electromagnet ?
(b) List any of its two uses.
(c) Draw a labelled diagram to show how an electromagnet is made.
(d) What is the purpose of the soft iron core used in making an electromagnet? 5
180
SECTION B
17. Name the excretory unit of a kidney. 1
18. What are phytohormones ? 1
19. Point out two differences between an artery and a vein.
OR
What is osmoregulation ? How does it take place in humans ? 2
20. Explain reflex action with a suitable example. 2
21. Explain double fertilization in plants. 3
22. (a) What is a gene?
(b) Where are genes located?
(c) What is the nature of gene?
OR
Define Evolution. Describe Darwins theory of evolution. 3
23. What is Soil Erosion ? Mention its any two effects. Suggest two ways by which
soil erosion can be checked. 3
24. (a) Draw a diagram of human Alimentary Canal.
(b) Label the following on the diagram drawn:
Oesophagus, Liver, Gall bladder, Duodenum
(c) What is the function of liver in the human body ? 5
181
QUESTION PAPER [CODE NO. 31(B)]
(FOR BLIND CANDIDATES)
SECTION - A
1. Write chemical name of washing soda. 1
2. What kind of waves are light waves ? 1
3. The image of an object as seen in a concave mirror is virtual, erect and larger in
size than the object. What is the position of the object ? 1
4. Name an oxide of a non-metal which is neutral towards litmus. 1
5. How is steel different from iron ? Mention two most important properties of steel. 2
6. What is wind energy ? Write two advantages of using this energy in the generation
of electricity. 2
7. What is a nuclear fusion reaction ? Write a condition under which a nuclear fusion
reaction takes place. 2
8. What is bronze ? Write its two uses. Name a constituent which is common in brass
and bronze. 2
9. Write four reasons for counting sulphur amongst the non-metals. What are its two
allotropic forms ? 3
10. Write four characteristic features of a chemical equilibrium. In what way is a
dynamic equilibrium different from a static equilibrium ? 3
11. List four defects of vision. What is the cause of the defect in which a person cannot
see the printed words of a book clearly ? Name the type of lens used to correct this
defect. 3
12. Two lamps, one rated 200 W; 220 V and the other 100 W; 220 V are connected
in parallel to a 220 V supply. Calculate the current drawn from the supply line
when (a) 100 W lamp is lit alone, (b) 200 W lamp is lit alone and (c) both lamps
are lit together. 3
182
13. Name the products formed in the following reactions:
(a) Ethanol is burnt in air.
(b) Propanone is treated with sodium borohydride (NaBH
4
).
(c) Ethanol is treated with chromic anhydride. 3
14. Define polar and equatorial orbits for artificial satellites. Which orbit is suitable for
(i) geostationary satellites, (ii) a satellite used for remote sensing ? 3
15. What is meant by dispersion of light ? State its cause. Describe an activity to show
that the light of the sun gets split up into the seven colours of a rainbow by a prism.
Write the colour sequence obtained on the screen.
OR
What are magnetic field lines ? How is the direction of a magnetic field at a point
determined ? Write two properties of magnetic field lines. What happens when a
current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field which is perpendicular to
it ? State the rule to illustrate the effect produced.
16. What is meant by metallurgy ? List various steps involved in metallurgical processes.
Describe the process of concentrating a sulphide ore.
OR
How is ethanoic acid prepared commercially from methanol ? State its four
properties. Name the main products formed when ethanoic acid reacts with
(a) sodium.
(b) ethanol in the presence of conc. H
2
SO
4
. 5
SECTION B
17. Define parasitic mode of nutrition. 1
18. Name any two factors which affect photosynthesis. 1
19. How does air reach every cell of an insect ?
OR
Define respiration. State its two types. 2
20. What is meant by translocation with respect to transport in plants ? Why is it
essential for plants ? 2
5
183
21. What is autonomic nervous system ? What is its function ? Name its two
constituent systems.
OR
What are endocrine glands ? Why are they called ductless glands ? Name any
three endocrine glands. 3
22. Name the biological process which is essential for the perpetuation of species.
Define it. What are the two types of this process ? Out of the two types which
one is superior and why ? 3
23. Why is disposal of waste essential? List any four modes of disposal of waste. 3
24. What is meant by organic evolution? Describe in brief any four common features
of different kinds of organisms which provide evidences in favour of evolution. 5
184
MARKING SCHEME
1. The Marking Scheme provides general guideline to reduce subjectivity in the marking. The
answers given in the Marking Scheme are suggested answers. The content is thus indicative.
If a student has given any other answer, which is different from the one given in
the Marking Scheme, but conveys the same meaning, such answers should be
given full weightage.
2. Evaluation is to be done as per instructions provided in the Marking Scheme. It should not
be done according to one's own interpretation or any other consideration. Marking Scheme
should be strictly adhered to and religiously followed.
3. If a question has parts, please award marks in the right hand side for each part. Marks
awarded for different parts of the question should then be totalled up and written in the left
hand margin.
4. If a question does not have any parts, marks be awarded in the left hand margin.
5. If a candidate has attempted an extra question, marks obtained in the question attempted
first should be retained and the other answer should be scored out.
6. Wherever only two/three of a 'given' number of examples/factors/points/are expected only
the first two/three or expected number should be read. The rest are irrelevant and should
not be examined.
7. There should be no effort at 'moderation' of the marks by the evaluating teachers. The
actual total marks obtained by the candidate may be of no concern of the evaluators.
8. mark may be deducted if a candidate either does not write units or writes wrong units in
a numerical.
9. A full scale of mark 0 to 60 is to be used. Please do not hesitate to award full marks if the
answer deserves it.
185
QUESTION PAPER DELHI (Code No. 31/1/1)
SECTION - A
1. i) Fast reaction
ii) Slow reaction 1
2. i) Aldehydic
ii) Ketonic 1
3. System of stars that contains large number of gas clouds. 1 1
4. volt 1 1
5. An acid produces H
+
/ Hydrogen ions in water.
A base produces OH

/ Hydroxide/Hydroxyl ions in water.
Strong acid : HCl
Strong base : KOH 2
6. Ammoniacal silver nitrate solution / [Ag (NH
3
)
2
] NO
3
1
A shining silver mirror is formed along the sides of the test tube. 1 2
7. Polar orbit is the orbit, of satellite, that passes over the poles of the earth,
whereas.
Equatorial orbit is the orbit of satellite, that is parallel to the equator. 1
Marks Total
(Diagram) 1 2
186
8. (i) I =
P
V
I =
750
W
220 V
= 3.4 amperes
(ii) R =
V
I
=
220 V
3.4 A
= 64.5 ohms
alternately, R =
V
2
P
R
(220V x 220V)
750 W
= = 64.5 ohms 2
9. Raw materials : Sodium chloride, Ammonia, Lime stone. 1
Process : Ammoniacal brine trickles down the tower and reacts with upcoming
CO
2
to form sodium hydrogen carbonate. On heating, sodium hydrogen carbonate
gives sodium carbonate. It is then crystallised by dissolving in water to get washing
soda.
[The answer may be accepted in the form of equations also.]
NaCl + NH
3
+ H
2
O + CO
2
NH
4
Cl + NaHCO
3
2 NaHCO
3

heat
Na
2
CO
3
+ H
2
O + CO
2
Na
2
CO
3
+ 10 H
2
O Na
2
CO
3
. 10 H
2
O. 2 3
10. A saturated solution of ammonia in water is known as liquor ammonia. 1
Activity : Fountain experiment : Take a round-bottom flask and fill it with ammonia
gas. Fit a narrow tube having a jet at the top in its neck. Then, invert it over a
beaker containing a solution of water and red litmus, as shown in Fig. Place a small
piece of cloth dipped in ice-cold water. A blue fountain is created. The turning of
red litmus to blue solution shows that ammonia is alkaline in nature. 1
Marks Total
187
Labelled Diagram 1 3
11. (i) It is due to formalin. 1
(ii) Because of the presence of double bond in C = O group. 1
(iii) Propanone is a solvent. 1 3
12.
1
f
=
1
v

1
u
.
. .
u
=
1
v

1
f
=
1
15cm

1
20 cm
1
u
=
4 + 3
60 cm
=
1
60 cm
.
. .
u = 60 cm 1
=
v
h
o
h
i
u
.
. .
h
i
=
u
x h
o
=
( 15 cm)
( 60 cm)
x (5 cm) = 1.25 cm 1 3
Marks Total
1
1
188
13. (i) For retention / trapping of heat 1
(ii) Solar energy (heat of sun) causes evaporation of water forming clouds.
During rain and snowfall this water fills up streams and rivers / Energy
of the sun is responsible for the entire water cycle in nature. 1
(iii) By bombarding
235
92
U nucleus with a thermal neutron / low energy
projectile. 1 3
14. (i) Property which resists the flow of electrons in a conductor / Property
of a conductor by virtue of which it affects the flow of current. 1
(ii) a) Resistance becomes four times. 1
b) Resistivity remains unchanged. 1 3
15. (i) Main ore : Bauxite
Formula : Al
2
O
3
. 2 H
2
O
Impurities : Sand and Iron oxide ,
(ii) Finely powdered ore is treated with hot sodium hydroxide solution.
Al
2
O
3
+ 2 NaOH 2 NaAlO
2
+ H
2
O
Insoluble Fe
2
O
3
is separated by filtration.
Silica reacts with NaOH to form water soluble sodium silicate.
The filtrate is then stirred with aluminium hydroxide to induce
precipitation of Al (OH)
3
.
NaAlO
2
+ 2H
2
O Al (OH)
3
+ NaOH
Al (OH)
3
is then filtered off, washed, dried and ignited.
2 Al (OH)
3

heat
Al
2
O
3
+ 3H
2
O
(Description : 2 marks, Equations : 1 mark) 3 5
OR
i) Because it is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, paints, pigments,
synthetic fibres, soaps and detergents. (any two) 1
ii) a) Sulphur-di-oxide is mixed with air and passed over catalyst V
2
O
5
and heated to 723 K to form SO
3
.
b) SO
3
is dissolved in conc. H
2
SO
4
to form oleum, H
2
S
2
O
7
.
c) Oleum is then diluted with water to get sulphuric acid of desired
strength.
Marks Total
189
Note : The answer may be accepted in the form of equations also :
a) 2SO
2
+ O
2

723 K
V O 2 5
2SO
3
b) SO
3
+ conc. H
2
SO
4
H
2
S
2
O
7
c) H
2
S
2
O
7
+ H
2
O 2H
2
SO
4
. 1x3
iii) On adding water to conc. H
2
SO
4
a large amount of heat is evolved
which could throw out drops of acid and burn the observer. 1 5
16. i) Critical angle - The angle of incidence in the denser medium for which
the corresponding angle of refraction in the rarer medium is 90
0
. 1
ii) Total internal reflection - When a ray of light is incident from an optically
denser medium to an optically rarer medium such that the angle of incidence
exceeds the critical angle, for the given pair of media, then all the light
is reflected back into the denser medium. This phenomenon is called total
internal reflection. 1
iii) Essential conditions -
a) Light passes from an optically denser to an optically rarer medium.
b) Angle of incidence exceeds the critical angle for that set of media.
iv) Application of total internal reflection -
Fig. 3.9 Page 39 / Fig. 3.12 Page 40 / Fig. 3.13 Page 40 of NCERT
Text book or any other suitable diagram/any other use from daily life
Marks Total
2 5
190
OR
a) Magnetic field is the region in which magnetic force can be detected. 1
b) By the direction which a north pole placed at that point would take 1
c) Activity : Make a simple electrical circuit consisting of a long straight wire, 2
a battery and a plug key. Arrange the circuit so that the straight wire is placed
parallel to and over the compass needle. Now, switch on the circuit. As the
current passes through the wire, the needle gets deflected. If the current
flows from north to south, it is observed that the north pole of the needle
moves towards the east. If the current is reversed and it flows from south to
north, the needle would move in the opposite direction.
d) Perpendicular to the plane of the loop / direction of current
1 5
SECTION - B
17. Translocation 1 1
18. Neuron :- Specialised cells for responding to stimuli. / Structural and functional
unit of nervous system. 1 1
19. i) As blood flows out of a damaged blood vessel, blood platelets release
Thromboplastin.
ii) Prothrombin gets converted into thrombin in the presence of
thromboplastin.
iii) Thormbin catalyses the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin.
iv) Fibrin forms a mesh into which R.B.C. get entangled and form a blood
clot. 2
Marks Total
191
Alternately
i) Injured tissues + blood platelets Thromboplastin.
ii) Prothrombin
Thromboplastin
Thrombin
iii) Fibrinogen
Thr ombi n
Fibrin
iv) Fibrin + R.B.C. Blood clot. 2 2
OR
i) Two functions of kidney :
a) Osmoregulation
b) Excretion
ii) Dialysis 1 2
20. Two hormones :-
i) Insulin : Lowering of blood glucose.
ii) Glucagon : Increasing of blood glucose 4x 2
21. i) a) Fertilization : The process of fusion of male and female gametes. 1
b) External fertilization Internal fertilization
Fertilization takes place Fertilization takes place
outside the body of the inside the body of the
organism organism 1
ii) Fallopian tube / oviduct 1 3
22. i) Analogous organs : Organs which are structually different but perform
the same function. 1
ii) Vestigial organ : Organs which appear functionless in an organism but
can be shown to be homologous with organs that were functional in their
ancestors. 1
iii) Sex chromosome : Chromosomes which are associated with sex
determination. 1 3
Marks Total
192
23. i) Environmental pollution : Undesirable change in physical, chemical and
biological characteristics of our land, air and water. 1
ii) Biodegradable pollutants Non biodegradable pollutants
a) These pollutants can be These can not be broken
broken down by the activity down into simpler and harmless
of micro-organism. products.
b) These pollutants do not cause They may enter into the food chain
harm to the organisms. and harm the organisms.
or any other
(any one) 1
iii) Biodegradable pollutants
a) Sewage.
b) Agricultural waste. 3
OR
i) More plants to be planted.
ii) Green grassy patches have to be interspersed between concrete buildings.
iii) Environment friendly technologies should be adopted.
iv) Recycling of waste materials should be maximised.
v) Efficient use of resources.
or any other (any three) 3x1 3
24. i) Diagram of Palisade Cell :
Fig 9.2 (b) page 121 NCERT Textbook
2
ii) Four Labellings :- Vacuole, chloroplast, cell wall, cytoplasm 4x
iii) Two stages in photosynthesis :-
a) Light reaction
b) Dark reaction 2x 5
Marks Total
193
QUESTION PAPER OUTSIDE (Code No. 31/1)
SECTION - A
1. A catalyst alters the rate of a chemical reaction without undergoing any overall 1 1
chemical change in itself.
2. Aldehydes 1 1
3. Hundred thousand million / 100 billion / 10
11
1 1
4. 1 joule of work is done in moving a charge of 1 coulomb from A to B 1 1
5. (i) For a general reaction aA + bB cC + dD,
at equilibrium,
[C] [D]
c d
[A] [B]
a b
is constant.
OR
For a reversible reaction at equilibrium, the ratio of molar concentration of
products to the molar concentration of reactants is a constant. 1
(ii) K =
[NH ]
3
2
[N ] [H ]
2 2
3
1 2
6. Ethanoic acid or acetic acid 1
CH OH + CO
3
CH COOH
3
I Rh
2
1 2
7. a) Artificial satellite is a man made object revolving around a planet,
whereas,
Natural satellite is a heavenly object moving around a planet. 1
b) Due to their ability to observe things from above the earth. 1 2
8. i) P = V I
I =
P
V
=
100 W
220 V
=
5
11
A
Marks Total
194
R =
V
I
=
220 V
5
A
11
= 484 ohms
Alternately
P =
V
2
R
R =
V
2
P

(220V x 220V)
100 W
= = 484 ohms
ii) P = 100 W; t = 5 hours
E = P x t
= 100 W x 5 hours = 500 Wh = 0.5 kWh 2
Note : ( mark to be awarded if only formula is written)
9. (a) Calcium oxychloride, CaOCl
2
,
b) It loses its chlorine by the action of atmospheric CO
2
/ Chlorine is
released by the action of atmospheric CO
2
. 1
c) CaOCl
2
+ 2 HCl CaCl
2
+ H
2
O + Cl
2
1 3
10. A substance that can remove water or elements of water from other substances. 1
One of the following two activities :
Activity
Place some sugar (sucrose) in a test tube. Add a few drops of conc. H
2
SO
4
to it.
Record the observations. It will be observed that sugar turns black. Sugar is made
of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The acid removes hydrogen and oxygen as water
leaving behind a black mass of carbon. 1
C H O (s)
12 22 11

conc.H SO
2 4 12 C(s) + 11 H
2
O( )
(Carbon black)
Sugar (sucrose) 3
OR
Marks Total
l
195
Activity
Place a few crystals of hydrated copper(II) sulphate in a test tube. Note down the
colour of hydrated copper(II) sulphate. Add a few drops of conc. H
2
SO
4
to it.
Record the observations. Note any change in the colour of the crystals. It will be
observed that the crystals of hydrated copper(II) sulphate slowly turn white. This
is due to the removal of water of crystallization from the crystals of copper(II)
sulphate by the acid. The anhydrous salt is white in colour.
CuSO . 5H O(s)
4 2
Conc.H SO
2 4
(5H O)
2
CuSO (s)
4
Corresponding Equation 3
11. (i) Alkaline KMnO
4
is a stronger oxidising agent than CrO
3
. 1
(ii) Because of the presence of a double bond in C = O / HCN adds to
C = O. 1
(iii) To prevent its misuse for drinking purposes. 1 3
12.
= =
v
h
o
h
i
u
m

= X
v
h
o
h
i
u
=
+ 10 cm
20 cm
x 50 cm
u
= 25 cm
l
f
=
l
v

l
u
l
f
=
1
10

1
25
=
7
50

f
=
50 c m
7
= 7.14 cm 3
13. a) Low efficiency / Can not be stored / or any other suitable reason 1
b) About 15 km/h 1
c) Splitting up of an unstable nucleus into lighter nuclei with liberation of
tremendous amount of energy when hit with a projectile 1 3
Marks Total
1
196
14. Ohm's law : The current passing through a wire is directly proportional to the
potential difference across its ends.
(Note : If writes voltage/current = constt., award mark) 1
b) Fig 5.5 page 57 of NCERT Textbook
Placement of circuit elements - 1
Direction of current in circuit - 1 3
15. a) Haematite,
Fe
2
O
3
/ Fe
2
O
3
. 2H
2
O
b) The ore is treated with a stream of water to remove unwanted particles.
[Note : award mark if only 'Hydraulic washing' is mentioned.] 1
c) Fig 14.6 page 174. NCERT Textbook (Blast Furnace)
Diagram 1
Any four labellings x4 5
Marks Total
197
OR
a) Fig 14.12 p - 183 NCERT Textbook (Frasch Process)
Diagram 1
Any four labellings x4
b) Principle of extraction of sulphur :
i) Due to its low melting point, sulphur gets melted when
superheated water flows down into the sulphur beds.
ii) The compressed air forces the mixture of molten sulphur and
water up to the surface. 2 5
16. a) Myopia 1
b) Fig 4.2 (a) & (b) page 48 of NCERT Textbook
Diagram (a) 1
Diagram (b) 2
c) Concave lens / diverging lens 1 5
Marks Total
(a) (b)
198
OR
a) A device consisting of a solenoid with a piece of soft iron core placed
inside it, is called an electromagnet. 1
b) Any two of the following :
Used in microphones / loudspeakers / electric clock / ammeter /
speedometer / electric bell / used for lifting heavy loads of steel. 1
(c) Fig 6.7 page 73 of NCERT Textbook
d) Only when temporary magnetism is required. 1 5
Section - B
17 Nephron. 1 1
18 Phytohormones are plant hormones. / Chemicals present in the plant body
which control and co-ordinate response. 1 1
19 Artery Vein
1. Thick walled 1. Thin walled
2. Does not have valve. 2. Has valve.
3. Carries blood from heart 3. Carries blood from different
to different organs. organs to the heart.
4. Transports oxygenated blood 4. Transports deoxygenated blood
(except pulmonary artery) (except pulmonary vein)
(any two) 2 2
Marks Total
2
199
OR
a) Osmoregulation is the process of regulating water content and ion
concentration in the body. 1
b) The kidneys remove toxic waste and also control water balance and ions
in the body. / In humans, the excretory system is able to reabsorb water.
Such reabsorption or removal of excessive water is under hormonal control. 1 2
20. a) A reflex action is an unconscious and involuntary response of effectors to a
stimulus. 1
b) Example : We suddenly withdraw our hands on pricking a pin or any other
example. 1 2
21 Double fertilization :
i) The pollen tube enters the ovule through a small opening.
ii) Inside the ovule the pollen tube releases two male gamet into the
embryosac.
iii) The embryosac contains the egg.
iv) One male gamet fuses with the egg to from zygote. (syngamy)
v) The other male gamet fuses with the two polar nuclei. This is called triple
fusion.
vi) This mechanism of two fusions i.e. syngamy and triple fusion is called double
fertilization. 6x 3
22 a) Gene is the unit of inheritance of characters/ Gene is a small segment of DNA
on a chromosome occupying specific position / Gene is the unit of a specific
biological function / Gene is a hereditary determinant. 1
b) Genes are located on the chromosome. 1
c) The nature of gene is such that it can maintain constancy through generations./
Acidic in nature 1 3
Marks Total
200
OR
a) Evolution is the gradual unfolding of organism from the pre-existing
organisms through the changes since the starting of life. 1
b) Darwin's theory of Evolution :-
(i) Over production of off springs.
(ii) Struggle for existence.
(iii) Survival of the fittest.
(iv) Natural selection. 4x 3
23. a) Soil erosion is the loss of upper fertile layer of soil. 1
b) Effects of soil erosion :
(i) Fertility of soil is lost.
(ii) May cause floods.
(iii) Air pollution
or any other. (any two) 2x
c) Prevention of soil erosion :
(i) Planting trees and sowing grasses.
(ii) Intensive cropping and use of proper drainage canal.
(iii) Terracing on sloping fields.
or any other. (any two) 2x 3
24 a) Fig 9.9 page 125 of NCERT Textbook 2
Marks Total
201
b) 4 Labels :- Oesophagus
Liver
Gall Bladder
Duodenum 4x
c) Liver secretes bile juice 1 5
QUESTION PAPER (Code No. 31/B)
SECTION - A
1 . Sodium carbonate decahydrate / sodium carbonate / Na
2
CO
3
.10H
2
O 1 1
2. Electromagnetic waves/ Transverse waves 1 1
3. Between pole and focus of the mirror / within the focal length 1 1
4. Carbon monoxide / Nitrous oxide / water 1 1
5. Steel is an alloy while iron is an element. 1
i) It is hard
ii) It is strong
iii) Non-magnetic
iv) Does not corrode or any other (any two) 2x 2
6. Wind energy is energy possessed by moving air. 1
i) Renewable source
i i) Environment friendly or any other (any two) , 2
7. Nuclear fusion - the process in which nuclei of low atomic mass combine to
form a heavier atomic nucleus. 1
Condition :-
By accelerating lighter nuclei / high temperature to the order of 1 million kelvin 1 2
8. Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.
Uses: statues, coins, medals, ship propellers. (any two) ,
Copper is present in both. 2
Marks Total
202
9. i) Sulphur is neither malleable nor ductile.
ii) It is a poor conductor of electricity and heat.
iii) It is electronegative.
iv) It forms acidic oxides.
v) It does not displace hydrogen from water or dilute acids.
or any other (any 4) 4x
Rhombic sulphur, monoclinic sulphur , 3
10. Four characteristic features:
i) The observable properties are constant.
ii) The microscopic processes still continue.
iii) The equilibrium can be attained from either direction.
iv) Equilibrium can be achieved only in a closed container. 4x
In dynamic equilibrium, the opposite changes continue to occur while in static
equilibrium, the changes come to a stop. 1 3
11 . a) i) Myopia
ii) Hypermetropia
iii) Presbyopia
iv) Astigmatism 4x
b) Hypermetropia / longsightedness
c) Convex / converging lens 3
12. P =V I
V
P
I =
a)
V 220
W 100
1
= I
= 0.45 A 1
b)
V 220
W 200
2
= I
= 0.90 A 1
c) I = I
1
+ I
2
= 1.35 A 1 3
13. a) Carbon-di-oxide (CO
2
) and water 1
b) propan-2-o CH
3
- CH - CH
3
1
OH
c) Ethanal / CH
3
CHO / Acetaldehyde 1 3
Marks Total
l
203
14. Polar orbit: orbit of the satellite passing over the poles of the earth 1
Equatorial orbit: orbit of the satellite parallel to the equator 1
i) Equatorial orbit is suitable for geostationary satellite.
ii) Polar orbit is suitable for remote sensing. 3
15. Dispersion: The splitting of white light into its component colours 1
Cause:
Refraction of light of different colours is different. Light rays of different colours travel
with different speed in a refractive medium. Refractive index of a medium is different
for different colours. 1
Activity
Take a glass prism and allow a narrow beam of bright light (sunlight, torchlight) to
fall on one of its faces. Light, after passing through the prism, emerges out of the
other face on a nearby screen or a wall. It is observed that the incident light is split
by the prism into colour bands appearing on the screen / wall.
Colour sequence:
VIBGYOR /violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red 1 5
OR
i) Magnetic field lines: Path along which a free north pole tends to move. 1
ii) By the direction which a north pole placed at that point would take.
iii) Properties: - Any TWO of the following 1
- Magnetic field lines do not intersect.
- Originate from north pole of a magnet and end at its south pole.
- Degree of closeness of the field lines gives the relative strength of the
magnetic field. ,
iv) It will experience a force. 1
v) Flemings left hand rule :-
Stretch the forefinger, the central finger and the thumb of your left hand
mutually perpendicular to each other. It the forefinger shows the direction
of the field and the central finger that of the current, then the thumb will point
towards the direction of motion of the conductor. 1 5
16. The extraction of metals from their ores, is known as metallurgy. 1
Steps in Metallurgical Processes:
i) Enrichment of the ore
Marks Total
2
204
ii) Conversion of ore into metal oxide.
iii) Reduction of metal oxide
iv) Refining 4x
Sulphide ores are concentrated by a process called Froth Floatation Process.
in this process, finely powdered ore is mixed with water in a large tank and some pine
oil is added to it. When air is blown through this mixture, the lighter oil froth carrying
metal sulphides rises to the surface. The gangue particles sink to the bottom. 2 5
OR
CH
3
OH + CO

CH
3
COOH 1
Four properties:
a) Colourless,
b) Pungent smell
c) Boiling point 391 K
d) Miscible with water 4x
Main products:
a) Sodium ethanoate / CH
3
COO Na 1
b) Ethyl ethanoate / CH
3
COO C
2
H
5
1 5
Section - B
17. Parasitic mode of nutrition: Mode of obtaining food synthesised by others. 1 1
18. Factors affecting photosynthesis
i) Light
ii) Temperature
iii) Water
iv) Carbon-dioxide (any two) 1 1
19. In insects O
2
rich air enters the cell through spiracles, trachea and tracheoles.
Thus, every cell gets O
2
directly. 2 2
OR
a) Respiration: Oxidation of digested food to release energy. 1
b) Two types : i) Aerobic ii) Anaerobic 1 2
Marks Total
I
2
Rh
205
20. a) Transport of food in plants. 1
b) Translocation is essential for plants as every cell needs food for harnessing
energy/for building/maintaining the organism. 1 2
21. a) Autonomic nervous system : System which controls and integrates the
functions of internal organs like heart, blood vessels, glands etc. in the body. 1
b) Autonomic nervous system controls and integrates the functions of internal
organs. 1
c) Two constituent systems.
i) Sympathetic
ii) Parasympathetic 1 3
OR
a) Those glands which do not have ducts to pass their secretions. 1
b) Endocrine glands do not have ducts to pass their hormones so they are
called ductless glands.
c) Name of endocrine glands:
i) Hypothalamus
ii) Pituitary
iii) Thyroid
iv) Parathyroid
v) Adrenal
vi) Pancreas
vii) Testes
viii) Ovaries (any three) 1 3
22. a) Reproduction
b) The biological process which is essential for the perpetuation of species./
A process by which new individuals of the same, species are produced by
existing organisms. (Parents)
c) Asexual and sexual reproduction. 2x
d) Sexual reproduction is superior than asexual.
Reason:
i) Sexual reproduction promotes diversity of characters in the off springs.
ii) Plays a prominent role in the origin of new species.
iii) Leads to variations.
iv) Any other (anyone) 3
Marks Total
206
23. Disposal of waste is essential to maintain the natural beauty of surroundings. To
prevent dirt./ Foul smell comes from the waste. / Blockage of water in the drain. /
Pollution / Diseases / any other. 1
Modes of waste disposal:
i) Can be burried as land fills.
ii) Some solid waste can be recycled.
iii) Can be used as manure for plants.
iv) Molten plastic waste mixed with asphalt can be used for making roads.
v) Can be burnt at high temperature.
vi) Any other (any four) 4x 3
24. Organic evolution: The gradual unfolding of organisms from pre-existing organisms
through change since the beginning of life. 1
Evidences
i) Homologous organs: Organs which are structurally similar and functionally
different.
ii) Analogous organs: Organs which are structurally different but perform the
same function.
iii) Vestigial organs: Functionless organs, which were functional and well developed
among the ancestors.
iv) Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny-Embryonic development of an organism
repeats its evolutionary history.
v) Study of fossils provides evidences in favour of evolution. (any four) 4x1 5
Marks Total
207
PRACTICAL SKILLS IN
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
2. There are 30 multiple choice questions in total. Only one of the options in every
question is correct.
3. The question paper consists of two sections - Section A and Section B. Each of the
20 questions in Section A carries half mark and each of the 10 questions in Section B
carries one mark.
4. 15 minutes additional time will be given to you to read the questions.
5. The Answer Sheet is inside this Test Booklet. When you are directed to open
the Test Booklet, take out the Answer Sheet and fill in the particulars on SIDE-2
carefully with blue/black ball point pen only. In no case pencil is to be used. Read
general instructions for candidates on SIDE-l carefully.
6. Use Blue/Black Ball Point Pen only for writing particulars on this page/writing
particulars and marking responses on SIDE-2 of the Answer Sheet.
7. On completion of the test, the candidate must handover the Answer Sheet to
the invigilator in the Room/Hall. The candidates are allowed to take away this
Test Booklet with them.
8. The CODE for this Booklet is A. Make sure that the CODE printed on SIDE-2 of
the Answer Sheet is the same as that on this booklet. In case of discrepancy, the
candidate should immediately report the matter to the Invigilator for replacement of
both the Test Booklet and the Answer Sheet.
9. The candidates should ensure that the Answer Sheet is not folded. Do not make any
stray marks on the Answer Sheet. Do not write your Roll Number anywhere else
except in the specified space in the Test Booklet/Answer Sheet.
10. Use of white fluid for correction is not permissible on the Answer Sheet.
Test Booklet Code : A
208
QUESTION PAPER DELHI
SECTION - A
1. A little dilute hydrochloric acid is dropped on a pH paper. The colour of the pH
paper turns to
(1) dark pink
(2) light green
(3) light blue
(4) bright yellow
2. The correct method of finding the pH of a solution is to
(1) heat the solution in a test tube and expose the pH paper to the vapours formed.
(2) pour few drops of the solution from the test tube on the pH paper.
(3) drop the pH paper in the solution.
(4) put a drop of the solution on the pH paper using a dropper.
3. Which one of the following will be required to identify the gas evolved when dilute
hydrochloric acid reacts with zinc metal?
(1) Blue litmus solution
(2) Red litmus solution
(3) A burning splinter
(4) Lime water
4. A liquid sample turned red litmus paper blue. This indicates that the liquid sample
is that of
(1) an alcohol
(2) distilled water
(3) sodium hydroxide solution
(4) hydrochloric acid
5. Sulphur dioxide gas is collected in the laboratory by the
(1) upward displacement of air.
(2) downward displacement of air.
(3) upward displacement of water.
(4) downward displacement of water.
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6. Some crystals of copper sulphate were dissolved in water. The colour of the solution
obtained would be
(1) green
(2) red
(3) blue
(4) brown
7. When the stopper of a bottle containing a colourless liquid was removed, the bottle
gave out a smell like that of vinegar. The liquid in the bottle could be
(1) hydrochloric acid solution.
(2) sodium hydroxide solution.
(3) acetic acid.
(4) saturated sodium bicarbonate solution.
8. A sharp image of a distant object is obtained on a screen by using a convex lens.
In order to determine the focal length of the lens, you need to measure the distance
between the
(1) lens and the object.
(2) lens and the screen.
(3) object and the screen.
(4) lens and the screen and also object and the screen.
9. A student obtains a blurred image of an object on a screen by using a concave
mirror. In order to obtain a sharp image on the screen, he will have to shift the
mirror
(1) towards the screen.
(2) away from the screen.
(3) either towards or away from the screen depending upon the position of the
object.
(4) to a position very far away from the screen.
10. The two dots P
1
and P
2
shown in each of the following diagrams I, II, III and IV
denote the position of two pins in respect of distance and direction for performing
an experiment on tracing the path of a ray of light passing through a rectangular
glass slab. In which one of the four cases, one is likely to get best result ?
210
(1) I
(2) II
(3) III
(4) IV
11. The path of a ray of light passing through a rectangular glass slab was traced and
angles measured. Which one out of the following is the correct representation of an
angle of incidence i, angle of refraction r and angle of emergence e as shown in the
diagrams ?
(1) I
(2) II
(3) III
(4) IV
12. Which two circuit components are connected in parallel in the following circuit
diagram ?
(1) Rheostat and voltmeter
(2) Voltmeter and ammeter
(3) Voltmeter and resistor
(4) Ammeter and resistor
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13. An ammeter has 20 divisions between mark 0 and mark 2 on its scale. The least
count of the ammeter is
(1) 0.02 A
(2) 0.01 A
(3) 0.2 A
(4) 0.1 A
14. To detennine the equivalent resistance of two resistors when connected in series, a
student arranged the circuit components as shown in the diagram. But he did not
succeed to achieve the objective.
Which of the following mistakes has been committed by him in setting up the circuit ?
(1) Position of voltmeter is incorrect.
(2) Position of ammeter is incorrect.
(3) Terminals of voltmeter are wrongly connected.
(4) Terminals of ammeter are wrongly connected.
15. While preparing a temporary stained mount of a leaf epidermal peel, the extra stain
is removed by
(1) washing with calcium chloride solution.
(2) washing with water.
(3) soaking with filter paper.
(4) absorbing with cotton wool.
16. The diagram given below illustrates
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(1) bud formation in yeast.
(2) binary fission in amoeba.
(3) formation of daughter cells in yeast.
(4) pseudopodia formation in amoeba.
17. In the experiment demonstrating respiration in germinating seeds, KOH is used to
(1) absorb carbon dioxide produced by the seeds.
(2) absorb oxygen present in the flask.
(3) absorb water vapours released by the seeds.
(4) liberate oxygen to be used by the seeds.
18. Before carrying out the test for the presence of starch in a leaf on exposure to
sunlight, the leaf is put into alcohol contained in a beaker and boiled over a water
bath. This step is carried out to
(1) extract starch.
(2) dissolve chlorophyll.
(3) allow water to move into the leaf.
(4) make membranes of leaf cells more permeable.
19. A student put five raisins each in two beakers A and B. Beaker A contained 50 mL
of distilled water and beaker B had 50 mL of saturated sugar solution. After some
time the student would observe that
(1) raisins in beaker A were more swollen than those in beaker B.
(2) raisins in beaker B were more swollen than those in beaker A.
(3) raisins in both beakers A and B were equally swollen.
(4) raisins in beaker A did not swell up at all.
20. Out of four slides I, II, III, IV whose details are shown below, which one should be
focussed under the microscope for showing budding in yeast ?
213
(1) I
(2) II
(3) III
(4) IV
SECTION B
21. When acidified potassium dichromate solution is added to a jar containing sulphur
dioxide gas, the solution becomes
(1) colourless
(2) brown
(3) dark orange
(4) green
22. Solutions of ferrous sulphate, zinc sulphate, copper sulphate and aluminium sulphate
were separately taken in four test tubes and some iron nails were placed in each of
the solutions. After few minutes, it would be observed that the colour of
(1) all the four solutions changed.
(2) solutions of zinc sulphate, copper sulphate and aluminium sulphate changed
and that of ferrous sulphate did not change.
(3) solutions of zinc sulphate and aluminium sulphate only changed.
(4) copper sulphate solution only changed.
23. When sodium bicarbonate powder is added to acetic acid, a gas evolves. Which
one of the following statements is not true for this gas? It
(1) turns lime water milky.
(2) extinguishes a burning splinter.
(3) dissolves in a solution of sodium hydroxide.
(4) turns acidified potassium dichromate solution green.
24. The current flowing through a resistor connected in an electrical circuit and the
potential difference developed across its ends are shown in the given diagrams:
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The value of resistance of the resistor in ohms is
(1) 25
(2) 20
(3) 15
(4) 10
25. The correct set up for determining the equivalent resistance of two resistors R
l
and
R
2
when connected in parallel is
(1) I
(2) II
(3) III
(4) IV
26. To determine the equivalent resistance of a series combination of two resistors R
1
and R
2
, a student arranges the following set up :
Which one of the following statements will be true for this circuit ? It gives:
(1) incorrect reading for current I as well as potential difference V.
(2) correct reading for current I but incorrect reading for potential difference V.
(3) correct reading for potential difference V but incorrect reading for current I.
(4) correct readings for both I and V.
215
27. Four students focussed an epidermal peel of leaf under high power and made the
following sketches. Which one out of the following is correctly sketched?
(1) I
(2) II
(3) III
(4) IV
28. For determining the percentage of water absorbed by raisins in a given time, apart
from water, raisins and a watch, we shall also require
(1) a beaker, a graduated cylinder, a thermometer, a filter paper.
(2) a watch glass, a graduated cylinder, a thermometer, a weighing balance.
(3) a beaker, a thermometer, a filter paper, a weighing balance.
(4) a graduated cylinder, a thermometer, a weighing balance.
29. Out of the four experimental set-ups shown below, which one will demonstrate the
evolution of carbon dioxide during respiration of germinating seeds?
216
(1) I
(2) II
(3) III
(4) IV
30. A black strip of paper was clipped on to a destarched leaf in a potted plant to cover
a part of the leaf. The plant was then exposed to sunlight for four hours, the paper
strip was removed and the leaf tested for starch. When iodine solution was added
(1) the entire leaf turned blue-black.
(2) the covered part of the leaf became blue-black.
(3) the uncovered part of the leaf became blue-black.
(4) the colour of iodine solution remained unchanged.
QUESTION PAPER OUTSIDE
SECTION - A
1. Which one of the following is not required to find the pH of a solution ?
(1) pH paper
(2) Litmus paper
(3) Universal indicator
(4) Standard pH value chart
2. A drop of a liquid sample was put on the pH paper. The colour of the pH paper
turned blue. The liquid sample could be that of
(1) lemon juice.
(2) hydrochloric acid.
217
(3) sodium bicarbonate solution.
(4) ethanoic acid.
3. Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to solid sodium carbonate. It is observed that
(1) no change takes place.
(2) a loud sound is produced.
(3) brisk effervescence occurs.
(4) the solution turns blue.
4. Which one of the following combinations of substances would you take to prepare
sulphur dioxide gas ?
(1) Concentrated Sulphuric acid and Zinc
(2) Dilute Sulphuric acid and Zinc
(3) Dilute Sulphuric acid and Copper
(4) Concentrated Sulphuric acid and Copper
5. A teacher gave two test tubes, one containing water and the other containing sodium
hydroxide solution, to the students and asked them to identify the test tube containing
sodium hydroxide solution. Which one of the following can be used for correctly
identifying the test tube containing sodium hydroxide solution ?
(1) Blue litmus
(2) Red litmus
(3) Sodium carbonate solution
(4) Dilute hydrochloric acid
6. Sodium bicarbonate solution is added to dilute ethanoic acid. It is observed that
(1) a gas evolves.
(2) a solid settles at the bottom.
(3) the mixture becomes warm.
(4) the colour of the mixture becomes light yellow.
7. The odour of acetic acid resembles that of
(1) rose.
(2) burning plastic.
218
(3) vinegar.
(4) kerosene.
8. A student obtained a sharp image of the grill of a window on a screen, using a
convex lens. For getting better results, the teacher suggested focussing of a distant
tree instead of the grill. In which direction should the lens be moved for this purpose?
(1) Away from the screen
(2) Very far away from the screen
(3) Behind the screen
(4) Towards the screen
9. The image of a distant object is obtained on a screen by using a concave mirror.
The focal length of the mirror can be determined by measuring the distance between
(1) the object and the mirror.
(2) the object and the screen.
(3) the mirror and the screen.
(4) the mirror and the screen as well as that between the object and the screen.
10. Which one of the following is the best set-up for tracing the path of a ray of light
through a rectangular glass slab ?
219
(1) I
(2) II
(3) III
(4) IV
11. The following circuit diagram shows the experimental set-up for the study of
dependence of current on potential difference. Which two circuit components are
connected in series ?
(1) Battery and voltmeter
(2) Ammeter and voltmeter
(3) Ammeter and rheostat
(4) Resistor and voltmeter
12. In a voltmeter, there are 20 divisions between the 0 mark and 0.5 V mark. The
least count of the voltmeter is
(1) 0.020 V
(2) 0.025 V
(3) 0.050 V
(4) 0.250 V
13. For the circuits shown in figures I and II, the voltmeter reading would be
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(1) 2 V in circuit I and 0 V in circuit II.
(2) 0 V in both circuits.
(3) 2 V in both circuits.
(4) 0 V in circuit I and 2 V in circuit II.
14. Which of the circuit components in the following circuit diagram are connected in
parallel ?
(1) R
l
and R
2
only
(2) R
2
and V only
(3) R
l
and V only
(4) R
l
, R
2
and V
15. A portion of each of four destarched leaves of a plant was covered with paper
strips of various kinds. The plant was exposed to sunlight for 5 hours. Thereafter,
the strips were removed and the leaves tested for starch in the covered portion.
Which one out of the four leaves gave the starch test in the covered portion ?
(1) That covered with a black paper strip.
(2) That covered with a green paper strip.
(3) That covered with a white paper strip.
(4) That covered with a transparent paper strip.
16. A well stained leaf peel preparation when focussed under high power of the
microscope would show
(1) epidermal cells, stomata, guard cells each with one nucleus and many
chloroplasts.
(2) epidermal cells, stomata, guard cells with many nuclei and one chloroplast
each.
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(3) stomata and guard cells without nuclei or chloroplasts.
(4) stomata but no guard cells or epidermal cells.
17. The following experiment was set up to show that a gas is given out during respiration.
But there was no rise in the level of water. This was because
(1) germinating seeds have not been kept under water in the flask.
(2) water is kept in the beaker instead of lime water.
(3) the cork on the flask is made of rubber.
(4) no substance is kept in the flask to absorb the gas given out by the seeds.
18. Given below are the stages of binary fission in amoeba. Which one out of the
following would you select as the correct sequence of these stages ?
(1) A, B, C, D
(2) D, C, A, B
(3) B, D, A, C
(4) C, A, D, B
19. A student soaked 5 grams of raisins in 25 mL of distilled water in each of two
beakers A and B. Beaker A was maintained at 25C and beaker B at 50C. After
one hour, the student observed that the water absorbed by the raisins was
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(1) same in case of A and B.
(2) less in case of A than in B.
(3) exactly double in A, of that in B.
(4) exactly four times in A, of that in B.
20. In the following sketch of the stomatal apparatus, the parts I, II, III and IV were
labelled differently by four students.
The correct labelling, out of the following, is
(1) (I) guard cell, (II) stoma, (III) starch granule, (IV) nucleus.
(2) (I) cytoplasm, (II) nucleus, (III) stoma, (IV) chloroplast.
(3) (I) guard cell, (II) starch, (III) nucleus, (IV) stoma.
(4) (I) cytoplasm, (II) chloroplast, (III) stoma, (IV) nucleus.
SECTION B
21. Given below are certain chemical properties of substances.
(a) It turns blue litmus red.
(b) It turns red litmus blue.
(c) It reacts with zinc and a gas evolves.
(d) It reacts with solid sodium carbonate to give brisk effervescence.
Which out of these properties are shown by dilute hydrochloric acid ?
(1) (a) and (b) only.
(2) (a) and (c) only.
(3) (a), (c) and (d) only.
(4) (b), (c) and (d) only.
223
22. A student was asked to demonstrate the following two properties of sulphur dioxide
gas:
(i) It is heavier than air, and
(ii) it is highly soluble in water.
Which two of the following four arrangements would the student use to demonstrate
these properties?
(1) I and II
(2) II and III
(3) I and III
(4) II and IV
23. Iron filings were added to a solution of copper sulphate. After 10 minutes, it was
observed that the blue colour of the solution changes and a layer gets deposited on
iron filings. The colour of the solution and that of the coating would, respectively, be :
(1) yellow and green.
(2) brown and blue.
(3) red and greenish-blue.
(4) green and reddish-brown.
24. The current flowing through a conductor and the potential difference across its two
ends are as per readings of the ammeter and the voltmeter shown below. The
resistance of the conductor would be
(1) 0.02
(2) 0.024
(3) 20.0
(4) 24.0
224
25. The following instruments are available in a laboratory:
Milliammeter A
l
of range 0 - 300 mA and least count 10 mA
Milliammeter A
2
of range 0 - 200 mA and least count 20 mA
Voltmeter V
l
of range 0 - 5 V and least count 0.2 V
Voltmeter V
2
of range 0 - 3 V and least count 0.3 V
Out of the following pairs of instruments, which pair would be the best choice for
carrying out the experiment to determine the equivalent resistance of two resistors
connected in series ?
(1) Milliammeter A
l
and voltmeter V
l
(2) Milliammeter A
2
and voltmeter V
2
(3) Milliammeter A
l
and voltmeter V
2
(4) Milliammeter A
2
and voltmeter V
l
26. In an experiment to determine equivalent resistance of two resistors R
l
and R
2
in
series, which one of the following circuit diagrams shows the correct way of
connecting the voltmeter in the circuit ?
225
(1) I
(2) II
(3) III
(4) IV
27. Which one out of the following sets of diagrams correctly depicts reproduction in
amoeba and yeast ?
226
28. Which one of the following is the combination of relevant materials required for
setting up an experiment to show that light is necessary for photosynthesis ?
(1) Destarched leaves, strips of black paper, starch solution and iodine crystals.
(2) A potted plant, strips of coloured paper, starch solution, iodine and potassium
iodide.
(3) Destarched leaves, strips of black paper, starch solution and potassium iodide.
(4) Destarched leaves, strips of black paper and iodine solution.
29. While performing an experiment to determine the percentage of water absorbed by
raisins, the following data was obtained:
Mass of water taken in the beaker = 50 g
Mass of raisins before soaking them in water = 5 g
Mass of raisins after soaking in water for 2 hours = 8 g
The percentage of water absorbed by raisins would be
(1)
100
8g
5)g (8
(2)
100
8g
3)g (8
(3)
100
3g
5)g (8
(4) 100
5g
5)g
(8
30. A student was asked to focus a permanent slide under the high power of a
microscope. This involved the following steps which have not been written in a
correct sequence:
A. Place the slide on the stage.
B. Clean the microscope and lenses.
C. Focus the material with the help of coarse adjustment.
D. Place the low power objective lens above the slide.
E. Sharpen the focus with fine adjustment.
F. Bring high power objective lens over the slide.
Which one of the following is the correct sequence of steps for focussing the slide
under high power ?
(1) A, B, C, D, E, F
(2) B, A, C, D, E, F
(3) A, B, F, C, D, E
(4) B, A, D, C, F, E
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Computation of Scores Practical Skills Data
Responses
01-05 06-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30
Delhi Key Booklet Code A 14331 33233 43441 21213 44442 22343
Outside Key Booklet Code A 23342 13434 32444 14322 32431 32444
228
QUESTION PAPER
SECTION A
1. The correct method of finding the pH of a solution is to
(1) heat the solution in a test tube and let the vapours from the solution affect the
pH paper.
(2) drop the solution on the pH paper from the test tube.
(3) put the pH paper in the solution.
(4) put one drop of the solution on the pH paper with a dropper.
2. The pH paper will develop a deep violet colour on putting on it
(1) lemon juice.
(2) sodium hydroxide solution.
(3) ethanoic acid solution.
(4) hydrochloric acid solution.
3. If dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a solution of sodium carbonate placed in
a test tube, it will be observed that
(1) no change takes place.
(2) a very loud sound is produced.
(3) a brisk effervescence occurs.
(4) the solution turns blue.
4. Zinc pieces were placed in a test tube. Dilute hydrochloric acid was added
to it. The gas evolved
(1) extinguishes a burning splinter and the gas burns with a pop sound.
(2) extinguishes a burning splinter.
(3) extinguishes a burning splinter and a loud pop is observed.
(4) helps a glowing splinter to burn with a flame.
5. A student prepared SO
2
gas in the laboratory and observed its properties.
He reported the following inferences:
I. The gas is lighter than air.
II. The gas is acidic in nature.
III. The gas does not affect blue litmus paper.
IV. The gas is insoluble in water.
229
The only correct inference is
(1) I
(2) II
(3) III
(4) IV
6. The solution of ferrous sulphate in water is
(1) blue
(2) green
(3) yellow
(4) colourless
7. The odour of acetic acid is similar to that of
(1) rose water
(2) mango pickle
(3) vinegar
(4) orange
8. While doing the experiment on finding the focal length of a convex lens by obtaining
the image of a distant object, a student should preferably use -
(1) any distant tree or electric pole as the object.
(2) the class-room window grill as the object.
(3) a well lit ,distant tree or electric pole as the object.
(4) a burning candle, kept at the other end of the table, as the object.
9. While performing the experiment, on finding the focal length of a concave mirror and
a convex lens, by obtaining the image of a distant object, a student checks the
correctness, or otherwise, of the mirror and lens available, by feeling them all over
with her/his hands. She/he should observe a
(1) depression in the middle in both the cases.
(2) bulge in the middle in both the cases.
(3) depression in the middle for the concave mirror and a bulge in the middle for
the convex lens.
(4) bulge in the middle for the concave mirror and a depression in the middle for
the convex lens.
230
10. While conducting the experiment on tracing the path of a ray of light, through a
rectangular glass slab, a student uses the protractor (dee) for measuring the angles
of incidence and of emergence. He should place the zero of the protractor at the
points of incidence and emergence of the ray on the slab and the base line of the
protractor should be along
(1) the normals at the points of incidence and emergence respectively.
(2) the face lines of the glass slab at the points of incidence and emergence
respectively:
(3) the normal at the point of incidence and the face line of the glass slab at the
point of emergence of the ray.
(4) the face line of the glass slab at the point of incidence and the normal at the
point of emergence of the ray.
l1. While conducting the experiment to study the dependence of the current flowing
through a resistor on the voltage applied across it, using a voltmeter and an ammeter,
a student has to connect
(1) both the terminals of the voltmeter across the resistor.
(2) both the terminals of the ammeter across the resistor.
(3) the positive terminals of both the voltmeter and the ammeter across the two
ends of the resistor. .
(4) the negative terminals of both the voltmeter and the ammeter across the two
ends of the resistor.
12. For the experimental study of dependence of current flowing through a resistor on
the potential difference applied across it, a student has to use an ammeter and a
voltmeter. It would be observed that
(1) both of them have their terminals marked as (+) and ().
(2) neither of the two have their terminals marked as (+) and ().
(3) only the ammeter has its two terminals marked as (+) and ().
(4) only the voltmeter has its two terminals marked as (+) and ().
13. In the experiment on finding the equivalent resistance of two resistors, connected in
series the student would observe that the two resistors have
(1) two common terminals, connected to the two terminals of the voltmeter.
(2) two common terminals, connected to the two terminals of the ammeter.
231
(3) only one common terminal, connected to one terminal each of the voltmeter
and the ammeter.
(4) only one common terminal, not connected to the voltmeter or ammeter at all.
14. In the experiment on finding the equivalent resistance ,of two resistors connected
in parallel, a student would observe that. the two resistors have
(1) two common terminals, connected one each to one terminal of the ammeter
and the battery.
(2) two common terminals, connected to the two terminals of the voltmeter.
(3) only one common terminal and that gets connected to one terminal of the
battery.
(4) only one common terminal and that gets connected to one terminal of the
ammeter.
15. The four instruments listed below are available in a laboratory
I. Telescope
II. Periscope
III. Binoculars
IV. Microscope
Which one of the above instruments should a student select to find the location of
the stomata?
(1) I
(2) II
(3) III
(4) IV
16. In the experiment to show that carbon dioxide gas is given out during respiration,
a small test tube containing a chemical is kept in the flask. This chemical is kept to
absorb
(1) CO
2
gas
(2) N
2
gas
(3) O
2
gas
(4) moisture (or water vapours)
232
17. A slide shows a cell dividing in the centre. This slide could be showing
(1) budding in amoeba.
(2) budding in yeast.
(3) binary fission in amoeba.
(4) binary fission in yeast.
18. To determine the percentage of water absorbed by raisins, the raisins are weighed
(1) only in the beginning of the experiment.
(2) only at the end of the experiment.
(3) both in the beginning and at the end of the experiment.
(4) in the beginning and also at the end but only after gently drying them with a
filter paper.
19. A slide shows a cell and another similar cell of smaller size attached to the top of
the first cell. This slide could be that of
(1) yeast with bud.
(2) amoeba with bud.
(3) two daughter cells of amoeba.
(4) two buds of yeast.
20. In the experiment to show that light is necessary for photosynthesis, the part of
the plant used is
(1) root
(2) stem
(3) leaf
(4) flower
SECTION B
21. The gas jars used for collection of SO
2
gas must not be moist because SO
2
gas
(1) forms sulphuric acid when in contact with water.
(2) dissolves in water to some extent.
(3) gets oxidised to SO
3
when water is present in the jar.
(4) loses its pungent odour in the presence of water.
233
22. A student put four big iron nails, one each in four test tubes, containing solutions of
Zinc sulphate, Aluminium sulphate, Copper sulphate and Iron sulphate. A reddish
brown coating was observed only on the surface of one iron nail that was put in the
solution of
(1) Zinc sulphate.
(2) Aluminium sulphate.
(3) Copper sulphate.
(4) Iron sulphate.
23. Some acetic acid was added to a solution of sodium bicarbonate contained in a
flask. The gas evolved was passed through some lime water for a long time. It
would be observed that
(1) the lime water turns milky and milkiness continues to grow when more gas is
passed.
(2) a solid starts floating on the surface of lime water.
(3) a precipitate appears which settles at the bottom of lime water.
(4) the lime water, which turned milky in the beginning, changes again to a colourless
solution when more gas is passed.
24. Four students are to do their experiment on tracing the path of a ray of light through
a rectangular glass slab. They all draw the outlines of their respective glass slabs at
three different positions on their respective drawing sheets and then proceed as
follows:
I. Student I draws three incident rays at arbitrary angles of incidence and fixes
two pins on them 2 cm apart.
II. Student II draws three incident rays at values 30, 45 and 60 for the angle
of incidence and fixes two pins on them 2 cm apart.
III. Student III draws three incident rays at arbitrary angles of incidence and
fixes two pins on them 6 cm apart.
IV. Student IV draws three incident rays at values 30, 45 and 60 for the angles
of incidence and fixes two pins on them 6 cm apart.
The best set up is of that of the student
(1) I
(2) II
(3) III
(4) IV
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25. In the experiment on finding the equivalent resistance of two resistors, connected in
series, the two terminals of the ammeter get connected so that
(1) one of them gets connected to only one other component in the circuit and the
other can get connected to one or two components of the circuit.
(2) both of them get connected to three other components in the circuit.
(3) both of them get connected to two other components in the circuit
(4) one of them gets connected to two other components in the circuit while the
other can get connected to two or three components of the circuit.
26. In the experiment on finding the equivalent resistance, of two resistors connected in
parallel, the two terminals of the voltmeter get connected so that
(1) one of them gets connected to two other components of the circuit while the
other gets connected to three other components of the circuit.
(2) both of them get connected to two other components of the circuit.
(3) both of them get connected to three other components of the circuit.
(4) one of them gets connected to two other components of the circuit while the
other gets connected to only one other component of the circuit.
27. Raisins weighing 10 g weighed 15 after soaking them in water for four hours. The
percentage of water absorbed by raisins would be
(1) 150%
(2) 66.67%
(3) 50%
(4) 33.3%
28. Before setting up the experiment to show that light is necessary for photosynthesis,
the experimental plant is kept for 24 hours in
(1) the garden outside.
(2) the open park.
(3) a dark room.
(4) a closed room with bright lights on.
29. To show that carbon dioxide gas is given out during respiration, a student placed
germinating seeds and also a test tube containing KOH in a flask. The student then
235
plugged the flask with cotton because a rubber stopper was not available. The
water from the beaker did not rise into the glass tube. This could be because
(1) the flask was not air-tight.
(2) there was no oxygen in the flask.
(3) seeds did not give out any carbon dioxide gas.
(4) carbon dioxide in the flask was not absorbed by KOH.
30. From their observations on the slide of a leaf epidermal peel, four students reported
that the cells immediately surrounding the stomata were
I. guard cells with no chloroplasts.
II. guard cells with chloroplasts.
III. epidermal cells without nuclei.
IV. epidermal cells with nuclei.
The correct reporting is of that of the student
(1) I
(2) II
(3) III
(4) IV
Computation of Scores Practical Skills Data (Blind)
Responses
01-05 06-10 11-15 16-20 21-25 26-30
Key Booket Code A 42312 23331 11424 13413 23441 33312
236
237
238
1. Define the term economic development. State the two bases of measuring
economic development of a country. 1 + 1 = 2
2. Who is a disabled person? Give one example each of two types of disabilities. 1 + 1 = 2
3. Write any four facts about tsunami. 4 x = 2
4. Explain how Indian industries and trade had been ruined under the British rule
in the eighteenth century. 2
5. Explain any two main features of Harappan culture. 2 x 1 = 2
6. Name the northern, eastern, southern and western most stations of Golden
Quadrilateral express national highway. 4 x = 2
7. How do the means of mass communication play a vital role in creating awareness
among the people? Explain. 2
8. Identify and name the social reformer shown in the picture given below. State
any two contributions made by him. 1 + 1 = 2
SOCIAL SCIENCE
1. Answer to questions carrying 2 marks should not exceed 30 words each.
2. Answer to questions carrying 4 marks should not exceed 60-80 words each.
3. Answer to questions carrying 6 marks should not exceed 100-125 words each.
4. Maps should be securely tied in the middle of the Answer-Book.
5. Attempt all parts of a question together.
6. Stencils or templates for drawing outline maps may be used wherever necessary.
239
Note: This question is for the Blind Candidates only in lieu of Q.No.8.
State any two contributions of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar in reforming
Indian society. 2 x 1 = 2
9. India is a multilingual country. Justify the statement with two arguments. 2 x 1 = 2
10. Wells and tube wells are the most popular means of irrigation in northern plains
of India. Justify the statement with two arguments. 2 x 1 = 2
11. Health sector interplays the most significant role in human development. Justify
this statement with two arguments. 2 x 1 = 2
12. Suggest two facts which should be borne in mind while selecting a site for a
building in coastal areas. 2 x 1 = 2
13. Describe any four characteristics of subsistence farming. 4 x 1 = 4
OR
Describe any for steps taken by the Government to improve Indian agriculture
after Independence. 4 x 1 = 4
14. Describe any four major problems faced by cotton textile industry in India. 4 x 1 = 4
15. Describe two different approaches by which the number of the poor are estimated
in the country. 2 + 2 = 4
16. The revolt of 1857 marked a turning point in the history of India. Support this
statement by giving four facts. 4 x l = 4
OR
When was the Muslim League formed? Explain its three main objectives. 1 + 3 = 4
17. Coal is the main source of energy as well as a raw material for industries in India.
Support this statement with two facts for each. 2 + 2 = 4
18. How does communalism pose a threat to our national unity? Explain. 4
19. Explain the term Veto. Name any four countries which have veto power. 2 + 2 = 4
20. How is disaster managed at different levels? Explain with one example each,
from any four levels. 4 x 1 = 4
OR
Explain any four objectives of a search and rescue team. 4 x 1 = 4
240
21. When was Indian National Congress founded? Who played the most important
part in its formation? Describe the main objectives of the Congress. 1 + 1 + 4 = 6
OR
Describe any six factors that were responsible for the rise of extremism in India. 6 x 1 = 6
22. Why is the conservation of resources essential? Explain any three measures of
conservation of resources. 3 + 3 = 6
OR
Water is a very important and critical resource in India. Support this statement
by explaining any three points of each. 3 + 3 = 6
23. Explain with suitable examples the impact of the expansion of business activities
in an economy. 6
OR
Why is the rise of consumer awareness essential? Explain any four measures to
protect consumers interest. 2 + 4 = 6
24. (a) (i) On the given political outline map of India, the place is shown by no.
1, where Congress was split in 1907. Identify the place and name it on the
line drawn.
(ii) On the same map shade and name the State where the Jallianwala Bagh
incident occurred. 1 + 1 = 2
(b) On the given political outline map of India, four geographical features
A, B, C and D are marked. Identify these features with the help of map
key and write their correct names on the line marked against each in the
map. 4 x 1 = 4
OR
On the given political outline map of India- locate and label the following
features: 4 x 1 = 4
(i) Kanpur - Cotton Textile Centre
(ii) Kaiga - Nuclear Power Station
(iii) Haldia - Oil Refinery
(iv) Kandla - Seaport
241
Note : The following question is for the Blind Candidates only in lieu of
Q.No. 24 (a) and (b). 6 xl = 6
(i) Name the State where Jallianwala incident occurred.
(ii) Name the place where Congress was split in 1907.
(iii) Which is the leading coffee producing state?
(iv) Which is the eastern terminal station of East-West Corridor ?
(v) Name the international air-port located in Gujarat State.
(vi) Name the Software Technology Park located in Uttar Pradesh.
242
243
244
245
1. State any two main objectives of the British Government to spread education
in India. 2 x 1 = 2
2. State two ways by which the Indian people reacted to the partition of Bengal
by Lord Curzon. 2 x 1 = 2
3. Write two points of distinction between renewable resources and non-renewable
resources. 2 x 1 = 2
4. Which is the most important cereal crop in India? Name the two major producing
states of this crop. 1 + 1 = 2
5. Why is sustainable development essential for economic growth? Give two reasons. 2 x 1 = 2
6. How does casteism create hindrance in our social development? Explain any two
points. 2 x 1 = 2
7. Explain any two man-made factors responsible for landslides. 2 x 1 = 2
8. Analyse any two situations because of which the European trading companies
started interfering in the political affairs of India in the eighteenth century. 2 x 1 = 2
9. Identify and name the Indian national leader shown in the picture given below.
State any two of his contributions in promoting Indian Nationalism. 1 + 1 = 2
Note: The following question is for the Blind Candidates only in lieu of
Q. No.9.
State any two contributions of Surendra Nath Banerjee to promote Indian
Nationalism.
246
10. How can Indian agricultural products stand in the world market? Suggest two
ways in this regard. 2 x 1 = 2
11. Identify the different thrust areas of human development. Which one of them
plays the most significant role in the development? 1 + =2
12. How will you help a person if you find him/her in a burnt state? Suggest any two
ways. 2 x 1 = 2
13. In which two categories are minerals generally classified? Give three characteristics
of each category. 1+1+1 = 4
14. Describe any four privileges enjoyed by minority communities in India. 4 x 1 = 4
OR
State any eight steps which have been mentioned in the Indian Constitution to
protect the interests of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. 8 x = 4
15. Make the correct pairs from the two Columns A and B :
4 x 1 = 4
Column A Column B
(Author) (Works)
Somadeva Prithviraj Raso
Kalhana Gitagovinda
Jayadeva Rajataringini
Chandbardai Katha-Sarit-Sagar
OR
Explain any four contributions of Amir Khusrau. 4 x 1 = 4
16. Explain any four factors which are responsible for decentralisation of cotton
industry in India. 4 x 1 = 4
OR
Explain any four measures to control air pollution created by industries in India. 4 x 1 = 4
17. Transport routes are called the basic arteries of our economy. Support this
statement with four examples. 4 x l = 4
18. Explain the four measures taken by the Government of India to tackle the
problem of poverty. 4 x l = 4
19. How did Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) come into existence as the second
largest political formation in the world? Explain. 4
247
20. What should be the configuration and foundation of an earthquake resistant
building? Explain two points for each. 2 + 2 = 4
21. State any six objectives of the National Forest Policy regarding conservation
of forests in the country. 6 x l = 6
OR
Describe any six measures adopted for the conservation of water. 6 x l = 6
22. State the two index numbers used to know the price rise. Describe the four steps
taken by the Government of India to control price rise. 2 + 4 = 6
OR
Describe any two features of each of the three strategies adopted by the
Government to protect the interests of the consumers. 3 x 2 = 6
23. Explain any six factors that contributed to the growth of Indian Nationalism during the
19th century. 6 x 1 = 6
OR
Explain any six points regarding the significance of the Revolt of 1857. 6 x 1 = 6
24. (a) (i) On the given political outline map of India (on page 9) the place is shown
by No.1, where the resolution for complete independence was declared. Identify
and write the correct name of this place on the line drawn on the map.
(ii) On the same map of India (on page 9) shade and name the state where
the Gol Gumbaz is located. 1 + 1 = 2
(b) On the given political outline map of India (on page 11) are shown four
geographical features A, B, C and D. Identify these features with the help
of the map key and write their correct names on the line marked against
each in the map. 4 x 1 = 4
OR
On the given political outline map of India (on page 12) locate and label the
following geographical features: 4 x 1 = 4
(i) Pune - Cotton Textile Centre
(ii) Narimanam - Oil Refinery
(iii) Rawatbhata - Nuclear Power Station
(iv) Vishakhapatnam - Sea-port
248
Note: The following question is for the Blind Candidates only in lieu of Q. No.
24 (a) and (b). .
(i) Name the place where the resolution for complete independence was
declared.
(ii) In which state is Gol Gumbaz situated?
(iii) Which is the leading state in the production of rubber?
(iv) Name the Northern Terminal Station of North-South Corridor.
(v) Name the international airport located in West Bengal.
(vi) Name the Software Technology Park located in Orissa. 6 x l = 6
249
250
251
252
Marking Scheme ---- Social Science
marking. The answers given in the Marking Scheme are suggested answers. The
content is thus indicative. If a student has given any other answer which is different
from the one given in the Marking Scheme but conveys the meaning, such answers
should be given full weightage.
2. Evaluation is to be done as per instructions provided in the Marking Scheme. It
should not be done according to ones own interpretation or any other consideration.
3. If a question has parts, please award marks in the right hand side for each part.
Marks awarded for different parts of the question should then be totalled up and
4. If a question does not have any parts, marks be awarded in the left-hand margin.
5. If a child has attempted an extra choice question, answer of the question deserving
more marks should be retained and the other answer scored out.
6. While evaluating the answer book it should be remembered that Social Science
course at this stage is a part of general education and therefore does not require a
specialized study of the five subjects - History, Geography, Civics, Economics
and Disaster Management which comprise it.
7. Except for questions which require recall of information, the responses of students
should be evaluated in terms of the understanding that they reflect. Listing down
of points without any explanation may not be proper indication of the examinees
understanding.
8. A mere listing of a large number of points should not be seen as a better
answer than fewer points well explained. The answers of the latter type should
be given credit.
9. Reference to the page number of the prescribed textbook has been given for
various questions. This is for the information of the examiners and a reading
of these pages of the textbook may be useful in assessing the answer scripts.
Page number in the marking scheme refers to the N.C.E.R.T. and CBSE books
(latest edition).
10. If a student attempts both the Geography and History map questions on one
map only, it should be evaluated. Similarly, if the student has attempted History
map on Geography part and vice versa, it should be evaluated.
11. A full scale of marks 0 to 80 has to be used. Please do not hesitate to award
full marks if the answer deserves it.
253
1 Economic development is the long-term increase in per capita income along with
improvement in quality of life.
(1 mark)
Bases of economic development.
1. National income
2. Per capita income
( + = 1mark)
Page No. 70
2 Disabled person: - One who suffers physical deformities or mental incapabilities,
whether by birth or accident is called a disabled person
(1 mark)
Example: -
Physical disabilities: - Deaf / Dumb / Blind / Orthopedically handicapped
Mental disabilities: - Mental retardation/ Autism / Cerebral palsy.
Any other relevant point ( + = 1mark)
Page No. 101
3 Four facts about tsunami
1. They are very high waves / Height can be above 10mtrs or more
2. They contain series of waves
3. They move fast even 50 km/per hour
4. In tsunami water near the coast recedes before its occurrence
5. Some times their force is very enormous
6. They can occur any time
7. Any other relevant point
(any four facts)
Page No. 8
4 Ruin of Indian industries and trade under the British rule
1. India was the principal supplier of cotton textiles in seventeenth and eigh-
teenth centuries. Due to the British policy it became one of the largest
consumers of foreign goods resulting in shattering of Indian industries.
1 + 1 = 2
marks
1 + 1 = 2
marks
4 x = 2
marks
254
2. It produced raw material to feed the British industries.
3. Restriction imposed on trade of Indian goods ruined Indian industries.
4. Indian traders had been eliminated from the foreign trade of India.
5. India became a supplier of raw material to the British industries.
6. The development of the means of transport and communication was
designed to fulfil the British purpose.
Explanation of any two points
Page No. 42
5 Main features of Harappan culture
1. One of the earliest civilizations
2. The first urban culture in India
3. Many of its features e.g. drainage, town planning etc. distinguish it
from other cultures.
4. Larger in extent than any of its contemporary civilizations
Page no. 3
6 Golden Quadrilateral express national highway
Northern most :- Delhi
Eastern most :- Kolkata
Southern most :- Chennai
Western most :- Mumbai
Page No. 60
7 Role of mass communication
1. It helps in creating awareness amongst the masses about the various
welfare programmes and policies of Government.
2. It provides healthy entertainment
3. It helps in the promotion of education
4. Radio, T.V., newspapers, magazines, books and films are important
means of mass communication which create awareness
2 x 1 = 2
marks
2 x 1 = 2
marks
4 x = 2
marks
255
5. Radio and T.V. provide a variety of programmes in national and regional
languages for various categories of people
Page No. 63
8 Picture identification
It is the picture of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan.:- (1 mark)
His contributions :
1. Founder of Mohmmedan Anglo- Oriental College at Aligarh in 1875.
2. Regarded Hindus and Muslims as one Quam or community
3. He wanted to interpret Islam in conformity with modern science and
philosophy.
4. Founder of scientific society
5. Emphasized on education as a means of national progress for the Muslim
community
Any two points ( + = 1 mark)
Page No. 48 and 49
Note :- Blind Candidates only
Contributions of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar :
1. Dedicated himself to the cause of emancipation of women
2. His efforts resulted in legalizing widow remarriage in 1856
3. Promoted modern education for girls and set up a number of schools for
girls
4. Promoted modern Bengali language and prepared a primer for teaching it
Any two points
Page No. 45
9 Two arguments to justify India is a multilingual country
1. There are 18/26 languages mentioned in the Constitution of India.
2. Hundreds of other languages are also spoken in various parts of the
country.
1 + 1 = 2
marks
2 x 1 = 2
marks
2 x 1 = 2
marks
256
3. Various foreign languages have helped Indian languages to enrich their
vocabulary
4. Migration of people have also influenced the development of languages.
5. There are different regions and states in the country where different
languages are spoken.
6. People in the north speak Indo European family of languages.
7. People in the south speak Dravidian family of languages.
Any two points
Pages No. 2 & 31
10 Wells and tube wells are popular means of irrigation in the northern plains of
India
1. Level terrain
2. Availability of ground water at a shallow level
3. Porous nature of sedimentary rocks
4. Fertile land resulting in more land under agriculture which requires
water
Any two points
Page No. 18
11 Significance of health sector in human development
1. It improves the quality of life.
2. It is a part of human development.
3. It effects other sectors of national economy.
4. A wide range of activities such as family welfare, prevention of food
adulteration, drugs control etc. are covered under health.
Any two points
Page No. 107
12 Role of site selection for buildings
1. The area behind a mound or a hillock should be preferred
2. Thick plantation upwind will act as a shield
1 + 1 = 2
marks
2 x 1 = 2
marks
2 x 1 = 2
marks
257
3. In hilly regions, construction along ridges should be avoided
4. A site above the likely inundation level should be preferred
Any two points
Page No. 42
13 Characteristics of subsistence farming:-
1. The majority of farmers practise subsistence farming.
2. Small and scattered land holdings
3. Mostly primitive tools are used
4. Use of fertilizers is low
5. Use of high yielding seeds is also low
6. Facilities like irrigation and electricity are generally not available to the farmers.
7. Low productivity
8. Food crops are mainly grown
9. Most of the food production is consumed by the farmers and their families
Any four points to be described
Page no. 23
OR
Agricultural reforms: -
1. Large areas have been brought under irrigation.
2. Use of fertilizers and pesticides has increased
3. Large areas have been brought under high yielding variety of seeds
4. Abolition of Zamindari System
5. Consolidation of small holdings
6. Wide spread use of radio and television to spread knowledge in agriculture
7. Crop insurance
8. A minimum support price for various crops
Pages No. 21,23,33
4 x 1 = 4
marks
4 x 1 = 4
marks
1 + 1 = 2
marks
258
14 Major problems faced by cotton textile industry
1. Scarcity of good quality cotton
2. Obsolete machinery
3. Erratic power supply
4. Low productivity of labour
5. Stiff competition with synthetic fiber industry
Page No. 47
15 Two approaches
1. In the first approach expenditure incurred by a family on various items
is used
2. In the second approach the income earned by a family is used
Brief description be given
Pages No. 81,82
16 Revolt of 1857 marked a turning point in the history of India
1. Indian states accepted the paramountcy of the British government.
2. Princely states became loyal allies of the British Rule.
3. The movement of social reform gathered momentum.
4. People became more politically conscious.
5. The rule of East India Company came to an end.
6. The control of India came under the British crown.
7. Annexation of Indian states ceased.
8. The hold of Indian princes over the Indian people declined.
9. Rise of national movement
10. The struggle against the rulers of Indian states became a part of the
national struggle for independence.
11. It increased unity in the country in the struggle against freedom
Any four points
Pages No. 58 & 59
4 x 1 = 4
marks
4 x 1 = 4
marks
2 + 2 = 4
marks
259
OR
Muslim League was formed on 30
th
December 1906 (1 mark)
Objectives:-
1. To promote amongst Mussalmans a feeling of loyalty to the British
Government
2. To protect and advance the political rights and interest of Mussalmans
of India
3. To prevent the rise among Mussalmans of India any feelings of hostility
towards other communities
(3 x 1 = 3 marks)
Page No. 68
17 Coal as a source of energy as well as a source of raw material for industries in
India: -
Source of energy
1. It is the main source of power generation in India.
2. About 67% of the countrys power is met by the coal.
3. It is the prime source of energy in the field of iron and steel industry.
Any two points (2 marks)
Source of raw materials
1. It is used as a raw material in the chemical industry.
2. It is the most important raw material in the iron and steel industries.
3. Synthetic products, explosives, dyes, perfumes, paints, etc are the
gifts of coal
Any two points (2 marks)
Pages No. 38 & 39
18 Communalism is a threat to our national unity
1. Communalism has been fatal as it led to the split of the nation in 1947.
Thousands of innocent lives were lost and families displaced.
1 + 3 = 4
marks
2 + 2 = 4
marks
260
2. The roots of the divide and rule policy followed by the British are still
persisting in our society and political system.
3. Communal violence and blood shed creates a sense of insecurity among
all.
4. Communal riots have occurred time and again in different parts of the
country.
5. Communalism creates misunderstanding and intolerance among different
religious communities living together.
6. Communalism reduces the mutual respect for different religious communities.
7. Mixing of religion with politics has given a setback to the secular democracy.
Explanation of any four points
Page no. 111
19 Veto is the special power given to the five permanent members of the Security
Council of the United Nations. On all issues it is necessary to secure the support
of all these five members. If any member uses its veto, no decision can be taken
on that issue.
(2 marks)
The five countries which have the veto power are its permanent members:-
1. U.S.A.
2. Russia
3. Britain
4. France
5. China
Any four ( 4 x = 2 marks)
Page No. 124
20 Disaster Management at different levels
1. National level : Managed by National Ministries
2. State level : Relief and Rehabilitation Department
3. District Level : Office of the District Magistrate
4. Block Level : Office of the Panchayat Samiti
4 x 1 = 4
marks
2 + 2 = 4
marks
261
5. Village Level : Village Disaster Management Committee
Page No. 49
OR
Objectives of a search and rescue team:
1. Rescue the survivors trapped under the debris from the damaged buildings
2. Provide first aid service to the trapped survivors and dispatch them for
medical care
3. Recover, hand over and dispose off the bodies of the deceased
4. Train, demonstrate and arouse awareness
5. Temporary support and protection to endangered collapsed buildings
Page No. 14
21 Indian National Congress was founded in 1885. ( 1 mark)
A.O. Hume played the most important role in the formation of the INC
(1 mark)
Objectives: -
1. To enable the workers to work for the cause of national progress
2. To enable the workers to become personally known to each other.
3. To unite the people for common political ends irrespective of differences
in race, religion, language etc.
4. To hold the session annually
5. To pass the resolution for the consideration of the government
Description of any four points ( 4 x 1 = 4 marks)
Pages no. 60, 61
OR
4 x 1 = 4
marks
1 + 1 + 4 = 6
marks
4 x 1 = 4
marks
262
Rise of extremism
1. Partition of Bengal
2. Defeat of Russia by Japan in 1905
3. Revolution in Russia in 1917
4. Government policies
5. Role of Bal, Pal and Lal
6. Failure of Moderates
Description of any six points
Pages no. 62,63
22 Conservation of resources :
1. They are the backbone of the economy of a nation
2. They provide a base for economic development
3. They are of great utility
4. They are available in limited quantity
5. They help us to create goods
6. Conservation of resources for e.g. forest, water, minerals, etc may be
given due weightage
Explanation of any three points (3 marks)
Conservation measures :
1. Proper utilization of resources
2. Proper exploitation of resources
3. Extra care for non renewable resources needed
4. Minerals, soil, forest, water etc are the major natural reserves. Different
measures can be adopted to conserve them
Pages no. 3,4
6 x 1 = 6
marks
3 + 3 = 6
marks
263
OR
Water as an important resource :
1. Water is life. It is in great demand for drinking and consumption.
2. Irrigation of fields
3. Great demand of water in different industries
4. Important medium for generating hydro electricity
5. Water is also needed for the construction of buildings
Water as a critical resource :
1. Uneven distribution in space and time
2. Rapidly growing population
3. Rising demand for food and cash crops
4. Increasing urbanization
5. Rising standard of living
6. Acute shortage of water in the arid tracts of western Rajasthan and
interior of the peninsular plateau
7. Water pollution
Pages no. 15,18
23 Effects of the expansion of business activities
1. Variety of goods available in the market
2. Various services are easily available such as transport, communication,
electricity, water supply, health, education etc.
3. Demands for goods and service are also increasing
4. Advertisement agencies create demands for consumption
5. Display of similar articles by different ways makes it difficult to decide a
correct choice
3 + 3 = 6
marks
264
6. Advertisements attract consumers
7. They feed information that they want us to know
Explanation of any six points
Page no. 92
OR
Consumer awareness is essential
1. To protect the interest of consumers against exploitation
2. To enforce discipline and regulation in the market
3. Food safety and quality of products has become an important element
of consumer awareness these days
4. Adulteration of food or faulty goods is a major source of human illness
and suffering
Explanation of any three points ( 1 x 3 = 3 marks)
Protection Measures
1. Legislation concerning consumer rights (Legislative measures)
2. Standardization of products (Administrative measures)
3. Public Distribution System (Technical measures)
Explanation of these measures (1 x 3 = 3 marks)
Pages no. 93, 94
24 See attached map for answers
For Blind Candidates only
1. Punjab
2. Surat
3. Karnataka
4. Silchar
5. Ahemdabad
6. Noida
1 mark each
6 x 1 = 6
marks
3 + 3 = 6
marks
6 x 1 = 6
marks
265
266
KANDLA
(iv)
267
268
1. 1. To meet all the requirements of the British government, it was necessary to
impart English education to Indians.
2. For minor jobs in administration, commercial work and industries
3. To impart English education and European culture so that they become
loyal to Britishers
4. Lawyers, doctors, teachers and other professionals were also required.
Any two points
Page No. 52
2. Peoples reaction to the partition of Bengal
1. Widespread indignation all over the country
2. Swadeshi Movement aimed at promotion of indigenous industries
3. Boycott of British goods
4. 1906 Congress Session declared attainment of Swaraj as its aim
5. Promotion of national education was declared as the aim of the congress
session.
6. Both Moderates and Extremists joined hands against it.
7. Meetings were held all over the country and associations were formed.
8. Students played an important role in anti British movements
Any two points
Page No. 65
3. Distinction between renewable and non-renewable resources
(A) Renewable
1. Ability to renew themselves in a given period of time
2. Ability to regenerate and reproduce e.g. plants, animals, forests etc.
3. They do not get exhausted e.g. solar, wind, tidal energy.
(B) Non-renewable
1. The resources which are not naturally renewed are called non-renewable
resources.
2. Once they exhaust, they cannot be remade e.g. coal, mineral oil etc.
1 + 1 = 2
marks
1 + 1 = 2
marks
269
3. They are available in limited quantity e.g. minerals, petroleum etc.
Any two points from each
Page No. 3
4. Most important cereal crop in India
Rice
Major producing states : (1 mark)
1. West Bengal
2. Uttar Pradesh
3. Andhra Pradesh
4. Tamil Nadu
5. Punjab
Any two states (+ =1 mark)
Page No. 24
5. Sustainable development essential for economic growth
1. Rapid economic growth and industrialization have led to reckless exploitation
of natural resources.
2. The stock of natural resources like fossil fuels are limited.
3. The growth of all countries in future is likely to be endangered if resources
are completely exhausted. Therefore global concern today is to adopt a
strategy of economic growth that is environment-friendly
4. Although fossil fuels and minerals are essential for economic development,
their use damaged the environment and ecology.
5. They cause pollution and disturb the balance in nature.
6. Needs of the future generation should not be compromised otherwise
development will be stopped in near future.
Any two points
Page No.79
6 Casteism creates hindrances in social development
1. Caste creates social gradation and social groupings which leads to social
discrimination and disintegration
2. Castes further divided into sub-castes each having a distinct place in social
hierarchy
1 + 1 = 2
marks
1 + 1 = 2
marks
1 + 1 = 2
marks
270
3. A person born in a low caste was subjected to many inhuman and
discriminatory treatment.
4. Hindrance to democracy
5. Harmful to national unity and integration
6. Caste becomes a curse for life without any fault of the person.
Any two points
Page No. 111
7. Man made factors responsible for landslides
1. Deforestation leading to soil erosion
2. Non-engineered excavation
3. Mining and quarrying
4. Non-engineered construction
5. Land use pattern
Any two points
Page No. 39
8. Interference of the European trading companies in the political affairs of India
1. Political loyalties were primarily local or regional.
2. Mughal empire declined after Aurangzebs death in 1707.
3. India was divided into a number of small and big states fighting against one
another.
4. Marathas who emerged as the strongest power, had no conception of united
India.
5. Conception of nationality was narrow and limited and they thought of
dominating over other parts of the country rather than welding them into a
nation.
6. The concept of a nation, as we understand today, had not developed.
Any two points
Page No. 41
9. Identify the person in picture
Dadabhai Naroji (1 mark)
1 + 1 = 2
marks
1 + 1 = 2
marks
1 + 1 = 2
marks
271
Contributions :
1. He was one of the founders of the Indian National Congress and was
elected as the president of the Congress thrice.
2. He declared the attainment of Swaraj as the aim of the Congress.
3. The Swadeshi and Boycott Movements were favoured as means of
resistance.
4. First Indian to be elected to British parliament
5. Influenced the economic thinking through his book, Poverty and Un British
rule in India in which he exposed the disastrous consequences of British
rule in India
6. His theory of British drain on Indian wealth provided the basis of the campaign
against British rule
7. He was loved and respected by people as the Grand Old Man of India
Any two points ( + =1 mark)
Pages no. 51, 63 & 65
For Blind Candidates only
Surendranath Banerjee
1. In 1883, Surendarnath Banerjee called an All India National Conference
as the first step to a National parliament
2. He presided the Congress session in 1895 at Pune. He was a moderate
leader.
3. Another political organization named the Indian Association was formed
by him in 1876.
4. He was dismissed from Indian Civil Services for no reason and devoted
the rest of life in uniting the Indian people to fight for their rights.
Any two points
Pages No. 60,61,62
10. Ways for the Indian agricultural products to stand in the world market
1. Use the vast potential of agriculture in a systematic and planned manner
2. Develop some of the techniques which the developed countries have been
using.
1 + 1 = 2
marks
1 + 1 = 2
marks
272
3. Use of bio-technology
4. Creation of an unrestricted unified national market for farm products
5. To raise efficiency of our labour and equip them well
6. Better use of climatic and soil conditions
7. Well knit infrastructure like road, electricity, irrigation, credit facilities to
farmers and traders
Any two points
Pages No. 34-35
11. Thrust areas of human development
1. Health
2. Gender equality
3. Gender empowerment (++ =1 marks)
Health sector plays the most significant role in the development ( mark)
Page no. 107
12. Suggestions to help a person in a burnt state
1. Immediately immerse the burnt area in cool water or apply clothes soaked
in cool water
2. Remove jewellery and constrictive clothing
3. Cover the area with a dry sterile dressing.
4. Drop, cover and roll if caught fire or cover the person with a blanket
immediately
Any two points
Page no. 22
13. Classification of minerals and its characteristics
1. Metallic
2. Non metallic (1 mark)
Characteristics of metallic minerals :
1. Sub-divided into ferrous and non- ferrous
2. Ferrous metals contain iron.
1 + 1 = 2
marks
1 + 1 = 2
marks
1 + = 2
marks
273
3. Non-ferrous metals contain metals other than iron.
4. All metals are found in form of ore.
5. Metallic minerals are iron ore, manganese ore, chromite, pyrite, gold, silver,
copper etc.
6. Any other relevant points
Any three characteristics (++=1 marks)
Characteristics of non-metallic minerals :
1. They do not contain metals.
2. They occur in different types of rocks.
3. Some are found in igneous rocks, while others in sedimentary rocks.
4. Non metallic minerals are limestone, nitrate, potash, dolomite, mica, gypsum,
coal and petroleum,
Any three characteristics (++ marks)
Page no. 36
14. Privileges enjoyed by minority communities
1. They enjoy all rights as enjoyed by the majority community in India
2. The National Minority Commission has been set up by the Constitution to
promote the rights, interests and welfare of the minorities.
3. Their religion, culture, script and language are preserved, protected and
also promoted.
4. Admission to any government funded educational institution shall not be
denied on the grounds of religion, race, colour etc.
Any four points
Page no. 112,113
OR
Steps to protect the interests of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
1. Abolition of untochability
2. Prohibition of forced labour
3. Protection against social interest
4. Opening of all Hindus religious institutions of public character to all sections
of Hindus
1 + 1 + 1
= 4 marks
1+1+1+1
= 4 marks
274
5. Removal of all restrictions on access to schools, shops, hotels, places of
entertainments and other public places
6. Prohibition of denial of admission to the state owned or aided educational
institutions
7. Curtailment of general rights of all citizens to move freely, settle and acquire
property in scheduled and tribal areas
8. Special provisions for the administration and control of scheduled tribal
areas.
9. Setting up of Tribal Advisory Councils to promote their welfare and safe-
guard their interest
10. Appointment of a Commissioner to investigate the developmental conditions
of the SC/ST
11. Constitution of the National Commission for the SC and ST
12. Special representation in Parliament and State Legislature
13. Adequate reservation in local bodies like Panchayats
14. Reservation in the appointment and promotion in the public services.
Any eight steps
Page No. 113
15 Make Correct pairs
Somadeva Katha Sarit - Sagar
Kalhana Rajataringini
Jayadeva Gitagovinda
Chandbardai Prithviraj Raso
Page No. 33
OR
Contribution of Amir Khusrau :
1. Most outstanding literary figure of the Sultanate period
2. He was a poet, historian, mystic and composer of music
3. He wrote the Ashiqa, the Nuh Sipihr, Quiranal Sadayan, Khazain-ul-Futuh
and several works of poetry.
4. He symbolizes the composite culture which was growing under the new
impact.
8 + = 4
marks
1+1+1+1
= 4 marks
275
5. Took great pride in being an Indian and praised India as earthly paradise.
6. He believed that in many respects the essence of Hinduism resembled Islam.
7. He considered Hindawi, the Hindi spoken around the region of Delhi as his
mother tongue. He composed many verses in it.
8. He composed a number of bilingual quatrains and verses in Hindi and Persian.
9. Originator of the early form of the popular music style known as Qawwali,
Khayal
Any 4 points
Pages No. 34,36
16 Factors responsible for decentralization of cotton industry in India
1. Wide market
2. Transport
3. Banking facilities
4. Electricity
Any four points to be discussed
Page No. 4
OR
Measures to control air pollution created by industries
1. Careful planning and siting of industries
2. Better designed equipments
3. Proper fuel selection and utilization
4. Use of oil instead of coal
5. Use of equipments to control aerosol emission like inertial separator, filters,
precipitator and scrubbers
Any four points
Pages No. 53, 55
17 Transport routes are called the basic arteries of our economy
1. They provide important links between producers and consumers
2. Well knit transport system brings people very close to one another
1+1+1+1
= 4 marks
1+1+1+1
= 4 marks
1+1+1+1
= 4 marks
276
3. They promote interdependence among them
4. They cover three media- land, water and air
5. There are five types of transport systems- roadways, railways, pipelines,
waterways and airways
Any four points
Page no. 57
18 Measures taken by the government to tackle the problem of poverty:-
1. Stress given on heavy industries and green revolution trickle down effect
2. Land reform measures like abolition of Zamindari system, security of tenant
farmers against eviction, fixation of rents, fixation of ceilings on land holdings,
distribution of surplus land among the small landless peasants.
3. Encouragements given to cottage industries
4. Income redistribution measures such as
a) Taxing the rich and middle classes
b) Subsidising the provision of essential goods to lower income group
5. Introduction of various poverty alleviation programmes
Any four points
Pages no. 84,85
19 Emergence of Non-alignment Movement (NAM) as the second largest political
formation
1. After the Second World War the world was getting divided into two opposite
blocs headed by U.S.A and the other by former Soviet Union
2. Non-alignment means policy of not belonging to any power bloc.
3. In the fifties non-alignment as a policy was adopted by a small number of
countries but by nineties it became a very big movement.
4. The formation and expansion of Non-aligned Movement has been
connected with the decolonisation process in the world.
5. NAM is a definite force in the present day world
6. It is a free and equal association of States united by common interest to
pursue independent foreign policy.
1+1+1+1
= 4 marks
1+1+1+1
= 4 marks
277
7. It remains as the largest political formation in the world next only to the
U.N.
(Any four points)
Page No. 123
20. Configuration and foundation of an earthquake resistant building
1. The building should have a simple rectangular plan.
2. Long wall should be supported by reinforced concerte columns.
3. Large building with shapes T, L, U and X be separated into rectangular
blocks by providing separate sections.
Any two points (1+1=2 marks)
Foundation
1. Depth of footing in the soil should be below the zone of deep freezing in
cold countries.
2. It should be below the level of shrinkage cracks in clayey soils.
3. Avoid soft soil unless compacted and brought firm conditions.
4. In firm soil any type of footing can be used.
5. In soft soil use of plinth band in all walls will be desirable.
6. Continuous reinforced concrete footing are most effective
Any two points (1+1=2 marks)
Pages No. 37, 38
21. Objectives of National Forest Policy regarding conservation of forests:
1. Maintenance of environmental stability through preservation and restoration
of ecological balance
2. Conservation of natural heritage
3. Check on soil erosion and denudation in catchment areas of rivers, lakes
and reservoirs
4. Check on extension of sand dunes in desert areas and along coastal tracts
5. Steps to meet requirement of fuel wood, fodder and minor forest produce.
6. Substantial increase in forest tree cover through afforestation and social
forestry programmes
7. Increase in productivity of forest to meet national needs
1+1+1+1
= 4 marks
2 + 2 = 4
marks
278
8. Encouragement of efficient utilisation of forest produce and optimum
substitution of wood
9. Steps to create people's movement with women to achieve objectives and
minimise pressure on forests
Any six points
Page no. 14
OR
Measures adopted for the conservation of water:-
1. Creation of more water storage reservoirs
2. Inter basin transfer of water and measures to raise underground water level
3. Watershed development
4. Rainwater harvesting
5. Creating awareness among the community and involving people in all activities
concerned with water conservation
6. To resolve interstate water disputes
Any six points
Pages No. 19,20
22 Two index numbers -
1. Wholesale Price Index (WPI)
2. Consumer Price Index (CPI) (1+1=2 marks)
Steps taken by government to control price rise
1. Monetary measures
2. Fiscal measures
3. Public Distribution System (PDS)
4. Administered Price Mechanism (APM)
Brief description to be given
(4x1= 4 marks)
Pages No. 89,90
OR
Strategies adopted by the government to protect the interests of the consumers:
Legislative Measures
6 x 1 = 6
marks
2 + 4 = 6
marks
6 x 1 = 6
marks
279
1. It includes enactment of the Consumer Protection Act 1986 for the protection
and promotion of consumer interest and to redress their grievances.
2. For setting up a three tier system (a) National Consumer Commission (b)
State Consumer Commission (c) District Forum
Administrative measures include public distribution system
1. To ensure food security to the poor
2. To provide essential commodities at lesser price
3. To prevent hoarding, black-marketing, overcharging by traders
Technical measures include standardization of the products:
1. To protect the consumers from lack of quality and carrying standards of
goods.
2. Two agencies in India BIS and Agmark
3. At international level ISO
Any two features of each strategies.
Pages 95 & 96
23 The factors that contributed to the growth of Indian Nationalism during the 19
th
Century
1. Political unification of the country
2. Destruction of Indias old social and economic system
3. The beginning of modern trade and industry
4. Rise of new social classes
5. The role of social and religious reform movement
6. Popular anti-British revolts
7. The economic policy of the British Government
8. Peasants were suffering under the new land tenure system.
9. The draw back of Indian Civil Services Examination
10. Practice of racial discrimination
11. Ilbert bill controversy
12. Vernacular Press Act of 1878 and Arms Act of 1879
13. Influence of the world event e.g. American war of Independence, French
Revolution 1789
14. Ideas of western philosophers e.g. Thomas Paine, Garibaldi
Explomation of any six points
Pages No. 59 & 60
3 x 2 = 6
marks
6 x 1 = 6
marks
280
OR
Significance of the revolt of 1857
1. The rule of the East India Company came to an end and the control passed
to the British Crown
2. The British Government promised not to annex any more Indian State.
3. The Indian states accepted the paramounatcy of the British government and
became loyal allies.
4. The revolt made the Indian people politically more conscious than before.
5. The movement of social reforms and modernization gathered momentum.
6. The hold of the Indian princes on the Indian people declined.
7. It was realized that the national independence would be attained through
the peoples movement.
8. It was a memory of a united struggle
9. The nationalist movement aimed at national independence democracy, social
equality and national development
Explanation of any six, points
Page No. 58
24. a
Filled up maps enclosed
b (or)
OR
For blind candidates only
1. Madras (Chennai)
2. Karnataka
3. Kerala
4. Srinagar
5. Kolkata
6. Bhubaneshwar
6 x 1 = 6
marks

281
282
283
284
l aL r e ~l Ei zs" k. kk/ kkf j r e ~ l aL r e ~l Ei zs" k. kk/ kkf j r e ~ l aL r e ~l Ei zs" k. kk/ kkf j r e ~ l aL r e ~l Ei zs" k. kk/ kkf j r e ~ l aL r e ~l Ei zs" k. kk/ kkf j r e ~
f u / kkZf j r l e ; % 3 ?k. Vs f u / kkZf j r l e ; % 3 ?k. Vs f u / kkZf j r l e ; % 3 ?k. Vs f u / kkZf j r l e ; % 3 ?k. Vs f u / kkZf j r l e ; % 3 ?k. Vs v f / kd r e v ad %1 0 0 v f / kd r e v ad %1 0 0 v f / kd r e v ad %1 0 0 v f / kd r e v ad %1 0 0 v f / kd r e v ad %1 0 0
funsZ' kk%% funsZ' kk%% funsZ' kk%% funsZ' kk%% funsZ' kk%%
. i=== +.=+| =+| r|| =i--+
z. +i-r|= =-||i| +|= +:-||=|= =-|+i=-=|=| nr|=|=|i=+
s. +== r|= i|j= =-||i| )=i=== =||= ==| nr|=|=|i=+
1. +.=+| =-||i| = nr|=|=|i=+
s. +.==r=| +.=+||==|= +.==+ nr|=|=|+
c. =+|| +.=|=|= =-||i| ===-= nr|=|=|i=+
i z' u i =k l a[ ; k i z' u i =k l a[ ; k i z' u i =k l a[ ; k i z' u i =k l a[ ; k i z' u i =k l a[ ; k 52/1
[ k. M% ^d * s |
v i f Br & v o c ks/ ku e ~ v i f Br & v o c ks/ ku e ~ v i f Br & v o c ks/ ku e ~ v i f Br & v o c ks/ ku e ~ v i f Br & v o c ks/ ku e ~
1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - || inir|-= -= = :;= +i+| + :-|+ .=|= + |= + :-||=|= =-|+ i=-=|=|= =-|- 5+10 = 15
d d d d d +|= ==:
=|+= ==|==+| +.= =||=|+ =i: += ===i=- :|=|= |= ==|=,
i=..|-= i=-| +|=|=, -== ==|= i+ |=-: -|+i-+ =i: +== i|==
|=-:= :=|= -ir i|=|i|=|=| ==|=| =r|=-| ==|=+ i+=| ==|=, |=
==|=, ==r ==|=, === ==|=+ :r|== =n =+||, =r|== =n =|=+ ::=
)+ ==n-|=| r===+
i z' u k% i z' u k% i z' u k% i z' u k% i z' u k%
() )=+: = =-|- 4 = 2
(i) =+|| === =n=
(ii) =|= === =n=
(iii) =|+= +.= =| =||=|
(iv) += i=..|-= = +|=|=
(=) + | +|+= = =-|- 11 = 1
i|=|i|== |=-: +|- += i= i= ==|=
285
(=) =||i=:.|= =-|- 4 = 2
(i) ===i=- :i- i+.||| === +:== i=-
(ii) ==|= :i- i==|+:== =-| =
(iii) ::= )+ ==n-|=| r=== :i- +|+= i== ==+:=
(iv) .|-= i+=| :i- === +:== |
(=) i;-|= ==:
=|in:|= =|:- i=-+|=+ =|:- =|===i+n|=== :-|- +|== i=-+
=|====== |||:=|=|- +|-|-+ .=|==||= :=+| =+ ==| +=-=| -|+i--+
== | = =i--+ =|== == || =+ || =|+|=| === +ri--+ = ||=| =n +==+i--=,
+.| +i-|-=, i= +| =+ -= + |i|-= =|+= + ==i-+ = |=n -| = =+ |.|i+- +| - +
-||||| i=== -|+i-+ === =:| =:| :-:|= i+ :.=-+ +|= .||-n -|+i-+
.|=-|=| +||=| i=-:+ +-i--+ -|= ==i-|- =|+ i===i-+ =:-=++|i|
i+==i--+ -| -|=| ==i--+ ri|| +=-=| -|+| :-=-- ||+i--+ =|-=|
=ni=-:= i+=i--+ =n|=| +i+- =:+| |=|.| =|=--+ =|:- =| =-|==
=-:.| ==- :i- +|i|-+ - =|in:|= +|==|=== n|=+|= +|= =|i-+
() )=+: = =-|- 12 = 2
(i) =||=| =n +|i|-= i= +==i-
(ii) -|=| =| ==i--
(=) + | +|+= = =-|- 14 = 4
(i) -|= i= i===i-
(ii) =|:- = i=-+|=
(iii) =|====|| =|| === +ri--
(iv) =n|=| =|= |=|.| =|=--
(=) =||i=: .| =-|- 4 = 2
(i) i--=++-| ==+: i=+| inr|-+
(ii) n|=+|== :i- === i+.|||=
(iii) ||+i-- :i- i==|+:== =-| =
(iv) -||=- i==|+:== i= i+n|=+:= | +=+-=
(:) == ==:== =- ==i=- .|||= inr|-+ 2
286
[ k. M% ^[ k* z+ |
j p u kRe d ad k; Ze ~ j p u kRe d ad k; Ze ~ j p u kRe d ad k; Ze ~ j p u kRe d ad k; Ze ~ j p u kRe d ad k; Ze ~
2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - i =ky s [ ku e ~ i =ky s [ ku e ~ i =ky s [ ku e ~ i =ky s [ ku e ~ i =ky s [ ku e ~ 10 = 5
-|+-| = =|-|+ -|+-| + =-=|n=|- )= + =-= == = -=|.|-== =+|= = +i-+-|+
-== + =-=== =|=|+ i- =+-|i=-=| ==|.| + |=i-+ -:| inir|- +| == ||:-|+:
+i=+| += inr|-+
). +, i+|===
(i) ....................
i+ = (ii) .................. i:=|= = ..................
===r ==+
| =+=- =.|n= i=-+ =-= -|+-| i+ (iii)
............
.............
+

-|+-| inir|-+-| =- -|+-| ===--||||=| inir|- =n+=-= +i-=
:=i-+ ==| + =-=|n=|- == = -=|.|-== (iv)
...........................
=+|= = +i-= +
ri=+| (v)
...................
== =: - +|| =|-|+ -== + =-=== =|=|+ i- =|i=+|
r (vi)
................
==|.| +|=|i=+ +=+|= -|+=| =i= =+:| (vii)
.........
..............
+ +- -|+- + =|= i=- :i- (viii)
................
+
=+i+-| (ix)
......................
== +||=|=in i=+:=|=|+
-|+:|=| ==ri=+-| -|i==|,
(x)
........................
+
e t w" kk e t w" kk e t w" kk e t w" kk e t w" kk
+| -|= , + i-, = =|-|, = .|in=|, i==- , = == -+ =-== , -|+=|, ri=+|, inr|- ,
=|=+ -+
3 33 33 l a o kn y s [ ku e ~ l a o kn y s [ ku e ~ l a o kn y s [ ku e ~ l a o kn y s [ ku e ~ l a o kn y s [ ku e ~
==||+:-|+i+-=r|=-=| ||inir|- =+|: +i=+| += inr|- - 15 = 5
)=:| =|.i+ =|= +|||| =|=i= =|==| =:|+| ==i- ==+ = |=|.|
+.=i-, =|i+= = +=i--
=|=i= - -|| =|i+= =-||i+=| =|=|i= i==
=|i+= - (i)
............................
=|=i= - (r== ) -|| = r| -+ =|+=== =- || .| ==+ =i|- +i-+|= i==
287
=|i+= - (ii)
............................
=|=i= - -+ =|+=== | =| =|-= + (+ -|+= =-| : = +|) + -|i+n|=
=|=|i=
=|i+= - (iii)
............................
=|=i= - r| r-- -+ =|+=== i|=-||.| =| =-+
=|i+= - (iv)
............................
=|=i= - -|| + )|| =| =| - :| n|=- + =n=i+ + i+.|i-+ i= =| i=+ -| =
=|=|i=+
=|i+= - (v)
............................
z =|=|= )+ =|=|i=, = - =i|-=+
z -|| =| +-|i+n|= =|=|i=+ =|=i+ =|=| =|n=|i=, =:= -||i=+
z =ir =ir, r - +i-i:= -|=|i| :=+| ==|i=+
z -| = =|=|i= i=n -ir == -+ =-+|=+ =|+= ===+
z +.=- +.=-, +=n +|=+=|+ =+-=+ r - =i:+| -|i=+
4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - f p =ko . kZu e ~ f p =ko . kZu e ~ f p =ko . kZu e ~ f p =ko . kZu e ~ f p =ko . kZu e ~ 25 = 10
==||+:=r|=-=| ||inir|- i=| += += += += += ===-+|+=| +|=- -
;| =|ni==| , r=- , = i==|, = =|, ++|i|, .||i==|=|= , =|= = n=| , ==-=
=i=-:+, +=||i|, =, == i=-|i=, = = |= |= +, =|n==| =+i =|=|,
=|-==r||- +i=-|+
288
d so y d so y d so y d so y d so y ai zK kp { kqH; Z% ai zK kp { kqH; Z% ai zK kp { kqH; Z% ai zK kp { kqH; Z% ai zK kp { kqH; Z%
=|n= =|n=| =|=| :i- i+|== i|== ===-= += +|+=|i= inr|-+
=r|=-|= ==|| :-||+
=n+|==r|, -||==|n=|, ==|=|, =|n=|, -++-==, =i+||=|= -||+,
i.|-||- +i=-|, = =|=|= = , =|=|- , =|-== r||- +i=-|, i+i+|| =|=||,
==|, =|=-= |==i--, =|+| i++
[ k. M% ^x * s+ |
v u qi z; q &O; kd j . ke ~ v u qi z; q &O; kd j . ke ~ v u qi z; q &O; kd j . ke ~ v u qi z; q &O; kd j . ke ~ v u qi z; q &O; kd j . ke ~
5 - 5 - 5 - 5 - 5 - || inir|- | +|+= | r||i= =-+: | =i-|= : =i-| +| i+||= =-|+ i=-=|=| inr|- 13 = 3
(i) -- + +| =|+i- ==:=:= =+-+|=+
(ii) =+:| =+:|.==|= =i-=i| =i-=i| i==|-+
(iii) ++ =|.i+ =|.||.= i+=- -+ -||i-
6 - 6 - 6 - 6 - 6 - r||i= =-+: | ==|= i+= r +| i+||= =-|+ i=-=|=| inr|- 14 = 4
(i) r=+ .||-n =n i=|-+n :+ i-|i=+
(ii) r= |=+-| i=|+| +===+| =|=|i=+
(iii) =| -|: i+= = =|= = -=|
(iv) r| = n|= -|+=|
7 - 7 - 7 - 7 - 7 - =| = + :-||= + ji-+ ==|= =| =i=+| = = : + = inr|- 15 = 5
+|-=|n ==|=== .||-|| r|n (i)
....................
(:.| + =|=)+ .||| .|||
(ii)
....................
(=n + .|-) ==| +=-=| -|+i--+ - +|=| (iii)
..................
(.||-n + -n) =-|+i-- (iv)
....................
(+-| + :=) =|=+| =|=i--+
=|n=| (v)
....................
(=|n= + =|+) = =-:== =|i--+
s. s. s. s. s. +:-| ==+: i+-=||=|i= +i=+| +|+=|i= += inr|-+ 15 = 5
(i) i+=|n=
....................
+|i| =| =+ i=-+
(ii) =||| i+=|n=|-
...................
++.|;| i-||=| =+|=- =i=i--+
(iii) = ==
..................
==||| =i=i--+
(iv) =|||
....................
)+ i+=|n== n==-+--+
(v) +.=-,
....................
=r=|i-i| |==i-+
(==, |=|, =, n, =ir)
25 = 10
289
9 - 9 - 9 - 9 - 9 - ||inir|-+|-|n|+ i+-=||=|i= +i=+| =-||i| )+ =-|+i=-=|=|
inr|- 13 = 3
= .| =|ni- i== i-|= -||== =+i--
=|n-| |= -||-+ i-i|i-| -||== (i)
....................
+
= .| =|ni- i= === i+ -| =+i+.|i-
=|n-| -||- (ii)
....................
-| = =+i+.=-+
= .| =|ni- i= =|-| =n|i= |==i-
=|n-| |= =||| (iii)
....................
|=|=--+
1 0 - 1 0 - 1 0 - 1 0 - 1 0 - || inir|-=|= == = =|=| =||= = == -+: | ==== =-|+ i=-=|=| inr|- 14 = 4
(i) c.s =|== i-||=|= |====, =n+|==+
(ii) :.s+ =|== =|==||+
(iii) s.s =|== -|i+-===|-=+
(iv) +.++ =|== ==|+==+
1 1 - 1 1 - 1 1 - 1 1 - 1 1 - || :-| | +|+= | =|=| =||= = == -= r=|+|==i+.| |||i= + =- 4 = 2
(i) +:|
.............................
(1) =i--+
(ii)
.......................
(s) =irn| +i-i:= +=| =+i--+
(iii)
...........................
(z) -|i=-=| ==+ =|-| +-+
(iv) =|-|
...........................
() =r|= =-| i=-+
290
z. z. z. z. z. ||inir|-+|+=|=| = .|| |= = +| +|+=|i= + = inr|- 14 = 4
+= i=== ==|=| =|| =+.|i--, -||= |.||+|:| ==|= -|i-, = i.|=|
====|=| =|| =+.|i--, -||= |= +|--+
[ k. M% ^?k* ss |
i f Br & v o c ks/ ku e ~ i f Br & v o c ks/ ku e ~ i f Br & v o c ks/ ku e ~ i f Br & v o c ks/ ku e ~ i f Br & v o c ks/ ku e ~
1 3 - 1 3 - 1 3 - 1 3 - 1 3 - || inir|- ==| .| , +=| .| , =|= =| .| = +i+| + :-|+ .=|=|= =-||i| =-|+ i=-=|=|
inr|-
d x | ka' k% d x | ka' k% d x | ka' k% d x | ka' k% d x | ka' k%
| == +=r||=+|+ +|==| ===|-|=| +=r| ++ |i=| :i- i=-+
)-- - =+| =|= =|-=-+ i=== += =i|-|i=+==, =-i==||= =
=|=|i== =|= i==-+ =|+|= :=i+ =i|++ i=-+ :+|=|=i+ :+ =|+|=
:i- ==-+ r|n| =:.|= )+ ++ ::=+ ==| +=+ =r| =+|n = .||in=|
in-+i--+ ::= +n :i- =|= =|-=-+
v v v v v )=+: = =-|- 4 = 2
(i) :+|=| :+ = ==-
(ii) |i=| ++ =i=== =|= =|-=-
(iii) =|+|= :i- ++ == =:.|=
(iv) ==| +=+ =r| =+|n = i= in-+i--
c c c c c + | +|+= = =-|- 11 = 1
|i=| ++i| i= i= =|= i==-
l l l l l =||i=: .|= =-|- 4 = 2
(i) +=r|= :i- === +:== i+.|||=
(ii) ::= +n=|= =|-=- :=| :: =+=|=+: === +=+-=
(iii) in-+i-- :i- i==|+:== i= =-+:=
(iv) | == +=r||=+| :i- +|+= i== ==+:=
(r|) (r|) (r|) (r|) (r|) i | ka' k% i | ka' k% i | ka' k% i | ka' k% i | ka' k%
|=| +|=| |=, :=-: i+:|| +=+
-==|: -|- =:|=|, +||-=|.i+ i+.||-++
291
() )=+:= =-|- - 12 = 2
(i) +|= |= |=| :i- =|| +=
(ii) -==|- = -|-
(=) + | +|+= = =-|- 11 = 1
=:|=|== -|| =-= i+ =||=|
(=) =||i=: .|= =-|- 4 = 2
(i) +|= :i- === +:== i+.|||=
(ii) i+.||=+| :i- =||= i= +:=| +=+-=
(iii) +=== :i- =||= i= +:=| +=+-=
(iv) +|=++-| i== ==+:= +=+-=
x x x x x u kV~; ka' k% u kV~; ka' k% u kV~; ka' k% u kV~; ka' k% u kV~; ka' k%
= i|i =-+i- |.+=- i==+ =-= = =m|=|+=|= = =i=i-+
|= | -ir = =|=|i= -== ==|+i-|=+ i+- =+:.|= =--= = )=:|
;|=|+|= |==-+ =m|=| :-+| = =:.|==== +|=-+
= i|i (=|.===) =| === :i-+
|= | |= ==| =i|-= =|r +-| =m|=|= :=|i=+ =i: + == =:|,
.|i+-, |=, == +| :=i=, --= ::|i=+
= i|i --=--+
|= | = - ===+ =|=-+ =r|| === :i- =+- = === +|i|=| ==
=r|-+|= i=-- = -- == =+=||=|- ==|ni=-= i+ ==|
=|-|+- +
+ .=| + .=| + .=| + .=| + .=|
() )=+: = =-|- 4 = 2
(i) .+||=| |=| i== =|=-
(ii) .+||=| == +|i|=| == =r|-+|=
(iii) .+||=| === =+:.|= =--= |=|-
(iv) .+||=| i= :-+| === +|=-
292
(=) + | +|+= = =-|- 11 = 1
|=| :||+||= i= i= :|- -+ -|+-
(=) =||i=: .|= =-|- 4 = 2
(i) =| === :i- = =|=i-
(ii) ==- :i- +:== i= i+n|=+:= | +=+-=
(iii) :=i= i==|+:== =-+: i==
(iv) r=-= :i- =||= i= +:=| +=+-=
1 4 - 1 4 - 1 4 - 1 4 - 1 4 - || inir|-+=;=== -||+|| = =+= +-+: + i=+| + = inr|- 3+3 = 6
(i) =.|= =r|=|r| ==| :i==r =n=+
-=|== - =|--= +|=| = =r=-++
Hkko kFkZ% Hkko kFkZ% Hkko kFkZ% Hkko kFkZ% Hkko kFkZ%
(i) r
...................
| = .|= =|i=- =- )-- (ii)
..................
-|+ ==n=
i=-+ === )+ +.| -|+i- +-- =i: += += += (iii)
......................
==, i++-| = -|+|=, -:| === )-- +.| =- .|+=-+
(ii) =in=|:n=-=n+-|n i== =|+=, |= =|=+
=|= += = .|i.|= i=|==| ===| )+++
==n== +|== =+i i=|- =ni=-:+- ==n i== (i)
.......................
,
|== (ii)
.....................
=+ = ==| =-:== i=|| :+ .||-n| :i- +:+
- - , (iii)
......................
)++
1 5 - 1 5 - 1 5 - 1 5 - 1 5 - || inir|-+=;=== -+=| + i=+| + = inr|- 1+1 = 3
(i) i=|=+| ir i++ =--||=-- i+=-||+
= ir- +|+==== i++|-|+=i+=++
v Uo ; % v Uo ; % v Uo ; % v Uo ; % v Uo ; %
= ir-= +|+== (i)
................
i++|--=+=i+= (-|+i--), (-) (ii)
...........
............
i=|=+| ir (iii)
......................
=--||=-- +
(ii) |=|=|+|:=|:-|, +|: i.|= =+=|=|+
=|n= +|:=|:-|, +|: ==m=|ii-|++
i.|= |=|=| - +|:= (i)
.....................
=+= |=| (ii)
....................
(|:-| ),
=|n= +|:= |:-|, (i.|=) (iii)
...................
+|:= (|:-|)+
293
1 6 - 1 6 - 1 6 - 1 6 - 1 6 - r||i-+:|i= |i= + .=i==| | j=- 14 = 4
(i) =+ )+ = .||-||+
(ii) |+=|n =|i= =++| : +=i=+
(iii) =+ :=|i| --+
(iv) i+.+== |=| r=+
1 7 - 1 7 - 1 7 - 1 7 - 1 7 - |==|==|= =|= || inir|-+|+=|i= + = == | inr|- 8 = 4
(i) :==i, - -== +==|i= i-==-+|=+
(ii) +=-=-||= =|=== -|| =|= =+| |=| =|-+
(iii) =|= =|= =|n=| )= +:i---|| =+|= i==| =+| ++-||
(iv) = i=--=- - === r =|==|= =++| =r ==|i=+
(v) )-=+| +=-=-||=== =| ==-=|in- =|-+
(vi) +=-=-||= =r= |== == |i:-= |-|-+
(vii) = =|= =|= =|==|= =-+|=+
(viii) -== =i,=-| -||=| +:- - |= ||=, === ==+
1 8 - 1 8 - 1 8 - 1 8 - 1 8 - + == =|= =| r||i= =-+:|=| .| ,= | i=+| inr|- 13 = 3
I. == =||| +|| =| =-+
(i) +|==| (ii) i-|-|| (iii) =|-=|+
II. -== +|== )= =-| +i-i-= -|+-+
(i) |:=| == (ii) + =||==| == (iii) =||i+-= +
III. .|= -|+ --ir- -|+-+
(i) = i=|- (ii) i+n - (iii) == i=|-+
i z' u i =k l a[ ; k i z' u i =k l a[ ; k i z' u i =k l a[ ; k i z' u i =k l a[ ; k i z' u i =k l a[ ; k 52
[ k. M% ^d * s |
1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - || inir|--= = :;= +i+| + :-|+ .=|= + |= + :-||=|= =-|+ i=-=|=|= =-|- 5+10 = 15
d d d d d +|= ==:
==|= =|+= = === -|- = - =-, - -== i+|= i=--| = =||=|+
+i.|= =|+= =||= ==|=+ i:=-i:= =+|| -== -|+-, +|| i|=|i|=
-|+-+ i==-=+ =r|== r===i=-+ =+== =+-+, ==|=|= =+=+= :i- =+-
==| =|+= )+ =|+=== =||=-| i=-+ )+ ==- :- i+ =-:- -|+-+
294
() )=+: = =-|- 4 = 2
(i) +i-i:= = -== -|+-
(ii) +i-i:= = i|=|i|= -|+-
(iii) += === =+=+= +=|=
(iv) :- i+ =-:- i= -|+-
(=) + | +|+= = =-|- 11 = 1
=|+=== =||=-| ===| =+- ==| =|+= i=-
(=) =||i=: .| =-|- 4 = 2
(i) -|- :i- +:== i= ==|=||= +:= | +=+-=
(ii) +i.|== :i- +: === +:== i+.|||=
(iii) -== i+|= :=| -== :i- =+=|=+: === +=+-=
(iv) ==|- :i- =||= i== ==+: +=+-=
(=) i;-|= ==:
i=-|=| =||= =+= +|+=i-, i=-|=| ==-| == +|-=i-+ )= )+ .|:
=|+= i+-||=-, -= )= .|: =|+= =|.|=-+ )=:| ;=| |i==| ==
i++|: =+-=| =|-+ -| -=|=|n= =-|+ )= |i== i=--=- - r n-|
===|i| -=|=|||.||= ==|i= :i-+ = ==- n-| ===|i| =||+i=+|
-=|=|||.|== =r =-+|=+ -=|=|||.| -== =--= n|+| =, -|+-+
|i== +:- - -|| ==:.|| n-|===||| :|-| :n-|| )++ -=|=|||.|
+:- - n-|===||| :|-| =:|i=- -= i+ -|+= +-- n-|===|||
i=|=-|| ==:.|| -= i+n| )++ - =+=| ==-+ -=|==||= =in=
=| ==+ ni=- |i== |===- =r|+| -- i==-+
() )=+: = =-|- 4 = 2
(i) |i== |== |:|= === =r =-+|=
(ii) ===| ==-| == +|-=i-
(iii) =|| i=|=-|| i+n| )+
(iv) )= )+ .|: i= i+-||=-
295
(=) +|+|+== =-|- 22 = 4
(i) = -=|==||= =in= =-= :=i- ==
(ii) -=|=|||.| i==| =, -|+-
(=) =||i=: .| =-|- 4 = 2
(i) ni=- :i- +: === i+.|||=
(ii) =n-|| :i- +:== i+n|= +: i== | +=+-=
(iii) -| -=|=|n= =-| :i- +|+= -| :i- +: =|-=| +=+-=
(iv) - =+=| ==- :i- = = =|=i-
(:) == ==:== =- ==i=- .|||= inr|-+ 2
[ k. M% ^[ k* z+ |
j p u j p u j p u j p u j p u kRe d ad k; Ze ~ kRe d ad k; Ze ~ kRe d ad k; Ze ~ kRe d ad k; Ze ~ kRe d ad k; Ze ~
2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - i =ky s [ ku e ~ i =ky s [ ku e ~ i =ky s [ ku e ~ i =ky s [ ku e ~ i =ky s [ ku e ~ 10 = 5
-|+|= =-:+ -|+-| i+=|n= ===-== =--||||i.|i+= |=|i=-= |=|-+
=+-=-|+|= +|== -|+|= =+i=| =.| +i- +| inr|i- +-- == =|i=i=-
+:|i= =+-|i=+ +| +i=+| += =-|+i=-=|=| inr|-+ =r|=-|= | ==||
:-||+
::, .||n|=| =|=
(i) ....................
i+ = (ii) .................. i:=| ..................
(iii) ...........................
| =+=- =.|n=+ =-= -|+|= i+ =.|n|+ =-=-|r ==|= i+=|n=
= == --=--||||i.|i+= |=| i=-= |=|- + :.| i:=|i= +== = == - = =--||||==
(iv)
....................
= -+--+ )===| n| =|i==|=| ====i+ (v)
...................
==+ r= - i+:|=== (vi)
....................
=-+|=+ =+ ==| ri=+|
(vii)
................
+| +| =-n+i== = + = + r= - ::|=| =+ :| = == - = )+
+:|i=+ == i.|-|=| i+ (viii)
................
== r = + i--+ += i+ + == = =+ = =
=.|=+| -|i+=i=+
i+-| (ix)
......................
== +||=|=in i=+:=-+
-|+-|= i-|-=r:=,
(x)
.............................
296
=-:, :-:+|-, ri=+|, -=|=, =.|, +i-, ===r ===-, +==, i-|==,
=i=+
3 33 33 l a o kn y s [ ku e ~ l a o kn y s [ ku e ~ l a o kn y s [ ku e ~ l a o kn y s [ ku e ~ l a o kn y s [ ku e ~
||inir|- =+|: ==||+:-|+i+-=r|=-=| +i=+| += =-|+i=-=|=| inr|- 15 = 5
||+ - -|| =||= -|+|= =|= ::.| =r|= =|-
=||= ------ (i)
.................................................................................
||+ - -|| =| =r|||| =+=| -|+|= =i,=|= =|-
=||= ------ (ii)
.................................................................................
||+ - )+= + + ||= =-|+|- i.|-|| =r|+| -|+|= =i,=|= =|- i==
=||= ------ (iii)
................................................................................
||+ - = -|+- = r|
=||= ------ (iv)
................................................................................
||+ - = -|+- =r|-=
=||= ------ (v)
................................................................................
z ===+ = +||= =-|+|- i.|-|- = )+ =i,=|=+
z = = -=== = =|i+ |== =-|+|- i.|-|-+
z = +== =-|+|- = i.|-|-, += |=n|- +== =|i-+
z =r|||| =+=| )++
z |=+ r =r| =-|i= =|=|i| +.== -|i= ===+
297
4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 - f p =ko . kZu e ~ f p =ko . kZu e ~ f p =ko . kZu e ~ f p =ko . kZu e ~ f p =ko . kZu e ~ 25 = 10
+== ===-+|+=| ==||+:=r|=-=| ||inir|- i=|+|= ==- -
)=, =-=, .||r||, += r|=|, ri-, +| +|, .|=, =|i=|, =|i=n|,
===|, =|=:=, i+.||n, ==-|, =|n=|, =|in=|, i-i--, =+i+.|i--,
=n|=|, +i-, =-:.|, ==|=, +-||||, =-||=, =-==, +-|+
d so y d so y d so y d so y d so y ai zK kp { kqH; Z% ai zK kp { kqH; Z% ai zK kp { kqH; Z% ai zK kp { kqH; Z% ai zK kp { kqH; Z%
i+=|n= +-|||| =-|||| ==|i-| i= i= =||== :i- +== ===-+|+=|
inr|-+ =|r|=|| ==||=| +:|i= :-||i=+
+-||, +|+=|=| +|i==|=| +-|||+|=, +== =||, +|:+|= i==-, =n=,
r|i= = ==|-, |==-, +|=-, =-||=, n|==, +|-|, =-|=+|:++:.|=|+
[ k. M% ^x * s+ |
v u qi z; q &O; kd j . ke ~ v u qi z; q &O; kd j . ke ~ v u qi z; q &O; kd j . ke ~ v u qi z; q &O; kd j . ke ~ v u qi z; q &O; kd j . ke ~
5 - 5 - 5 - 5 - 5 - ||inir|-+|+= | r||i-+: | =i-|= : =i-| +| i+||= =-|+ i=-=|=| inr|- 13 = 3
(i) =||i=- i==-|=+
(ii) =|.=|=n =|=+
(iii) =i=== + i=- == =-:| =|= -|+i- +=-+
298
6 - 6 - 6 - 6 - 6 - ||inir|-+|+=| r||i-+: | ==|= i+= r +| j+| + = =-|+ i=-=|=| inr|- 14 = 4
(i) =|=| =- = =-=- = i+|= =|= =||
(ii) ==|= -|| =+|+i- =n.| i+=-+
(iii) :=| =i, === = =:+==|i= i-=== +|=n-+
(iv) =+||=+ =r-+ i+=- =||====+
7 - 7 - 7 - 7 - 7 - =| = + :-||= + ji-+ ==|= =| =i=+| = = : + = inr|- 15 = 5
==|i-| i+=|n= +i- ==== (i)
....................
(== + -=- )+ = =||| =|=
(ii)
....................
(=| + .|- ) === =|.|=i--, (iii)
....................
(= | + := )
==| -|| (iv)
....................
(=r| + -n) :=+| =+r=i--+ (v)
....................
(|=|= + =|+) i+ --= ==i-+
s. s. s. s. s. -|in=|:-|+:|i= ==|= i p i p i p i p i p +|+=|i= ==- 15 = 5
.|= .|= + ==| =| i=+
|=| )+ -| =||= ==|i=+
r= n +|||=| |=-|+
.+ -||== =i==|i=+
=:| =:| i+=|n=|- + |-+-|+
9 - 9 - 9 - 9 - 9 - || inir|-+|-| n|+ i+-=||=|i= + i=+| =-||i| )+ =-|+ i=-=|=| inr|- 13 = 3
=|-| +i| =ir = |==i--
+ || =|- =ir i-|-| = (i)
..........................
+
=|-| +i| i= - -||== =|=i--
+ || =|- (ii)
....................
-||== = =|=-
=|-| -ir i-|-|=| i= +|=i--
+ || =|- i-|-|= (iii)
....................
(+=|) +|==-+
299
1 0 - 1 0 - 1 0 - 1 0 - 1 0 - ||inir|-=|=== |=| =||= ===-+:| === =-|+i=-=|=|= inr|- 14 = 4
+ |- (i)
........................
+|:= +||=|, -|i+-=|-=+
+ |- (ii)
......................
+|:= =r=|i-| |====, =+|=-=+
+ |- (iii)
.....................
+|:= +i-=|i=-|=| +|--|+
==|r (iv)
......................
+|:= i=|=+
1 1 - 1 1 - 1 1 - 1 1 - 1 1 - ==|=| =||= ===- =r=|+|==-i+.|||+:|i= +== =-||i| =-|+i=-=|=|
inr|- 4 = 2
==|= =|= (i)
.........................
(ss) =|=| =i--+ -| (ii)
.......................
(s) =|=| i=== +| +|i-|i|= n|+--+ (iii)
.......................
(z) -|i|-=|
==n=|-= =|=-|=+ (iv)
......................
() -|i==| =n+|==+=||==|-+
z. z. z. z. z. ||inir|-+|+=|=| = .|| |= = +| +|+=|i= + = =-|+ i=-=|=| inr|- 14 = 4
r +i-i:= =|-|i+-| +|=i-, -| = =|= |.||+|: ==- - -|+|=
=r|| -|+--, =+|| :|===== =+| =|- :i-+
[ k. M% ^?k* ss |
i f Br & v o c ks/ ku e ~ i f Br & v o c ks/ ku e ~ i f Br & v o c ks/ ku e ~ i f Br & v o c ks/ ku e ~ i f Br & v o c ks/ ku e ~
1 3 - 1 3 - 1 3 - 1 3 - 1 3 - ||inir|- ==|.|, +=|.|, =|==|.| = +i+| +:-|+.=|=|=-||i| =-|+i=-=|=|
inr|-
d x | ka' k% d x | ka' k% d x | ka' k% d x | ka' k% d x | ka' k%
+.||== - n| ir-==| i=i=: : i=-+ + + = :: = m== |=|- + ::
n|ir-==| =:===|n= :i- =-=-+ | ==|i= :.|=|=|i= =|n|i= i+
=i--+ ==|= +===-i+-||== +=|i.|-| =||i=- +i=,=|n|=| ==| +i+|
n|=-|= :=|i= += ===|n|i=+ )- || :.| =|= =-+ || =+=|| +- - + =|= ===-
=i=i.=-+
v v v v v )=+: = =-|- 4 = 2
(i) +.||== ===| =:===|n =-=-
(ii) +i=,-+====|n|=| ==| == +=|i.|-|
(iii) +.||== ++ i= =|= == |=|-
(iv) ==-|+|- =i=i.=- +--
9.30
10.15
11.00
12.45
300
c c c c c + | +|+= = =-|- 11 = 1
+.||== =| i=-
l l l l l =||i=: .| =-|- 4 = 2
(i) )-||= :i- =+=|=+: =-= +=+-=
(ii) ==|i= :i- +: === +:== i+.|||=
(iii) +|| :i- +:== i= i+n|=+:= | +=+-=
(iv) i=- :i- i==|+:== i= =-+:=
(r|) (r|) (r|) (r|) (r|) i | ka' k% i | ka' k% i | ka' k% i | ka' k% i | ka' k%
=+-+| |=+:| +|=, +=|| =|.-=:|=-+
+i== =n +++, -|+-.+++ i+=:||++
() )=+:= =-|- - 12 = 2
(i) =r| === =|:.|| +||| ==i-
(ii) =r| === =|:.| =n ==i-
(=) + | +|+= = =-|- 11 = 1
i+;|= === =|:.|| +||| +:-
(=) =||i=: .| =-|- 4 = 2
(i) +++= :i- +:== i= i+n|=+:=
(ii) -|+- :i- i==|+:== i= =-+:=
(iii) |=+:|= :i- === +:== i+.|||=
(iv) =||= :=== i= ==|=||=+:= | +=+-=
x u kV~; ka' k% x u kV~; ka' k% x u kV~; ka' k% x u kV~; ka' k% x u kV~; ka' k%
.+||=| : = -||= += = +=| .i= ==|+ (i+n| +=) = =| |= ||= =|
=i|i.=+ (=+=-=) ::|=| i= =+|i| | :==, i===
i+|= === =m|=|= )+ = .||=+ =|==|i= =|=+ (=|=
=|==i-, =+|i- =) ::= +|+|=+
|= | +|| +.= +.=+ )-- i+==- =m|=| :||+||+ |n|+= :r=
:+ + =+|n i= +i- + =i-+ = = +=i+ == = m|=|=
)-- i=+|i=-=+
== == -|=+-+ =+i=- |=|= + ||=+ =+i=- = -| |- -=+ == =- ==|
=m|=|=+ =|= =|| .||-=-|=+
301
+ .=| + .=| + .=| + .=| + .=|
() )=+: = =-|- 4 = 2
(i) :||+|| i= i+==-
(ii) =m|=| i== :ri- :+
(iii) == =++|== = ====|i-
(iv) == =m|=| i=+|i=- i= i+==i-
(=) + | +|+= = =-|- 11 = 1
=m|=|== +=|=|- i= +i- +=i-
(=) =||i=: .| =-|- 4 = 2
(i) :=+| :i- =||= i= +:=| +=+-=
(ii) i+|= :i- +: === +:== i+.|||=
(iii) == :i- i==|+:== i= =-+:=
(iv) +|+= +=- - =+i=- =
.......................

1 4 - 1 4 - 1 4 - 1 4 - 1 4 - ||inir|--+=;=== -||+|| = =+= +-+: + i=+| + = inr|- 3+3 = 6
(i) -==|-+i=i-:=|=|:| i==-= -|-|-|+
+|=|= +=ir r== n|=i+n|==|.|==++
- r -|-+ .| = = (i)
...................
=+ + |== (ii)
.....................
+.| = +| )= +|i+= =|= = ===== ===- (iii)
......................
i+n|==
=|.|=i-+
(ii) =|.=|=n =|=, =| =r|:| =||===||+
=+===i+=|.| =| :-| =+|| =|=|++
=== =n= =| )+ = (i)
.......................
+ =| =+:| =r| ::|i-
===|=| (ii)
.....................
+ = =+| i++: =|.|i=- =- = =+ + =| |
(iii)
......................
-|+i-+
1 5 - 1 5 - 1 5 - 1 5 - 1 5 - ||inir|--+=;=== -+= i+-=||=|i= + i=+| + = inr|- 1+1 = 3
(i) =nr|--|i= r-=|i|, =+|+=|-- = =|r:=+
=|=|--|i= |=|i|, ===|-- =.|| =||=++
302
r-=|i| =nr|--|i=, (i)
.....................................
= =+|+=|--=, |=|i|
(ii)
.......................
= ||= (iii)
..........................
= ==| --= (-|+i-)+
(ii) ++ =|.i+ =|.||.= i+=- -+ -||i-+
==-| +i,=|=|i-, -|==|=|i- ===|-++
(r) -||i- -+ (i)
.......................
=|.| = i+ ++ i+=-+ (==)
(ii)
.......................
+ i,= |=|i- (iii)
......................
= -|== |=|i-+
1 6 - 1 6 - 1 6 - 1 6 - 1 6 - r||i-+:|i= || = + .=i==| | = =- 14 = 4
(i) =- +:i= =- =|= :.|-+
(ii) =+|| =r-+ i+=- =||====+
(iii) =+ =|=|= +|=|-+
(iv) ;|:.|=|=| )+ -|+= ==--+
1 7 - 1 7 - 1 7 - 1 7 - 1 7 - |==|==|= =|= || inir|-+|+=|i= + = inr|- 8 = 4
(i) )=i=== == +=-=-||= =|== ==| |=|-+
(ii) =|= =ri-| =- +i+| |=|-+
(iii) )= = =|n= +:i- - -|+--| i==| = +| +i== = +| = =-- + + -||
(iv) +=-=-||= =|-==|n i+=| = +|=|-+
(v) -| |=r||| =|=|-- +i=|-|+
(vi) -| i=in+| =|==|= ==- ==+
(vii) +=-=-||= :==, ===| =| -|+-+
(viii) -| =|= =|- =|n=|= :=+| +:-|= - -|| i==| i+|= =|= =||
1 8 - 1 8 - 1 8 - 1 8 - 1 8 - + == =|= =| .| ,= | i=+| inr|- 13 = 3
(i) = |=| ==== ==--- :|=.||n| =|=-+
i--= +|--
=-== + =|-
+i-
303
(ii) -| i|=|= ==r -||=|i= +=-i= +|= =--= -|+-+
|i==|=
=|==|=|=
=|+|i||=
(iii) |n =+| =||| i+ i=|=i+- i+n|= ==n ==- =|=n= -|+-+
= |
=|| |
=- i-=|== |
304
i z' u i =k l a[ ; k 5 2 @1 i z' u i =k l a[ ; k 5 2 @1 i z' u i =k l a[ ; k 5 2 @1 i z' u i =k l a[ ; k 5 2 @1 i z' u i =k l a[ ; k 5 2 @1
[ k. M% ^d * [ k. M% ^d * [ k. M% ^d * [ k. M% ^d * [ k. M% ^d *
1 5 v k% 1 5 v k% 1 5 v k% 1 5 v k% 1 5 v k%
v ad ; kst u k & l aL r e ~ l Ei zszzs"k. kk/ kkfj r e ~
fu/kkZfj r l e; %3 ?k.Vs fu/kkZfj r l e; %3 ?k.Vs vf/kdr e vad %100 vf/kdr e vad %100 vf/kdr e vad %100
/ ; kr O; e ~ / ; kr O; e ~ / ; kr O; e ~ / ; kr O; e ~ / ; kr O; e ~
z ==| =| =-| n= =-|+i=-=| = inr|= r+ == =-| |= +|= inr| ==- r -
=|= = :r|= = i:) =|)+
z |i=+| +-=| |+| =|=||== +=|=| = in) =+|-- = =|= =|) = i= +|+
z |i.|= :i= = =r| =-|| = in) .|- = +.= i:) =|)+
z r| r| (==|==-=|== ) = --=- i=| +|= + ==: nr|= = i+=-+ ===|
=|)+ ==| = =| -||= -|| i==| r| = i:=| =|)+ +|+= ===| +=r| r = i= +|+=
=| =|:= --++ |i.|= +|+= .|,-| = in) -|| = i:) =|)+
z i==| -|| +.= = i+=-+|== =-| -|| r| ==- r+ := = =|==| = i:) =) =-|
i=:.|=|== r+ - = i:) =|)+
. (=)I )=+:= =-|- - =| +.=+ +== = in) = +4 = 2
(i) :r|== (ii) =r|== (iii) ==|==+| (iv) i=-|=
II +|+|+== =-|- - )= +.=+ )= =+ 1x1 = 1
....i|=|i|=|=| ==|=| =r|=-| ==|=.....
III =||i=:.|= =-|- - =| +.=+ +== = in) = x4 = 2
(i) :|===:|=|=:|= (ii) +== (ii) )+::= (iv) i=.|-=
(r|) I. )=+:= =-|--:| +.=+ +== = in) =+ 1x2 = 2
(i) =|+== (ii) =:-=++|-|
II. +|+|+== =-|--=| +.=+ +== = in) )= =+ 1x4 = 4
(i).....==i-|- +|+.....(ii) .....=|in:|=.....
(iii)......=|+|=| ........(iv).......+ i+ - +: +|......
III. =||i=:.|= =-|--=| +.=+ +== = in) =+ x4 = 2
(i) - (ii) +|===+|== (iii) ri|| (iv) +|-
IV. .|||= inr|-
= |: - i+n|== =|in:|== |: - =|== == ||+ =|in:|= + = |: - |i: =
i=n--=n- =+=+- .|||= =|: .|: =|=| =r|+ +-=| = in) .|- =
=|= =|)+
[ k. M%^[ k* [ k. M%^[ k* [ k. M%^[ k* [ k. M%^[ k* [ k. M%^[ k* Section-B j p u kRe d ad k; Ze ~ j p u kRe d ad k; Ze ~ j p u kRe d ad k; Ze ~ j p u kRe d ad k; Ze ~ j p u kRe d ad k; Ze ~
z +|nr|==-:= i+-=||=+ +== = in) =+ x10 = 5
(i) =|=+- (ii) i==- (iii) =.|in=| (iv) ==j-+=-== (v) ri=+|
(vi) -|+=| (vii) +|-|= (viii) inr|- (ix) + i- (x) ==|-|
=i: =-|| .|: inr| =) r| + +| +| = inr|= + -|| = = =|= =|)+
s =+|:-nr|==-s i+-=||=+ +== = in) =+ 1x5 = 5
(i) -|| =ir =ir r -..... (ii) =|=|= )+ =|=|i=....
(iii) -|| =| +-|i+n|= =|=|i=...... (iv) +.=- +.=- ++n +|=+=|+....
(v) -| = =|=|i= i=n.....
1 f p =ko . kZu e ~v Fko k v u qPN sn y s[ ku e ~ f p =ko . kZu e ~v Fko k v u qPN sn y s[ ku e ~ f p =ko . kZu e ~v Fko k v u qPN sn y s[ ku e ~ f p =ko . kZu e ~v Fko k v u qPN sn y s[ ku e ~ f p =ko . kZu e ~v Fko k v u qPN sn y s[ ku e ~ 2x5 = 10
:= +.= =| +=r| =.= +|+= ==| r+ +|+= n| |+| :|| r| =r =r++|
=r|+ +|+= |n=|i= r =| =r|-=r -|| =r++| =r|+ =|=i|= :i= = .|,
r|= + +| = i:) =|)+ ==|| = i:) =) .|: =r|=-|| r, == .|: ==
|+| =r|-|+.== =r|+ + =+= .|:| =| +=|= = +|+=-i==|| = ==- r+
- = i:) =|)+ |i==| = = .|- =|= =|)+ := +.= = + = r+
+== +|+= = in) z = r+ =-|| + i==| +.= r|+
|+|(OR)
v u qPN sn y s[ ku e ~ v u qPN sn y s[ ku e ~ v u qPN sn y s[ ku e ~ v u qPN sn y s[ ku e ~ v u qPN sn y s[ ku e ~=r i+=-+ =|r|=| = in) r| =r| i+- === in) =|=| =|)+
== =+= -|| ==|| = i:) =) .|:| =| i+-|i+-=| |i: =:n ==- r+ = i:)
=|)+ := +.= = + = r+ +== +|+= = in) z = r+
305
2
306
[ k. M%^x * [ k. M%^x * [ k. M%^x * [ k. M%^x * [ k. M%^x * Section-C v u qi z; Dr O; kd j . ke ~ v u qi z; Dr O; kd j . ke ~ v u qi z; Dr O; kd j . ke ~ v u qi z; Dr O; kd j . ke ~ v u qi z; Dr O; kd j . ke ~
s =i|-=i|=:-|i.|= :i= = =r| =-| = in) |i.|= = i:) =|)+ 1x3 = 3
(i) -=+| (ii) =+:| + ==|= (iii) =|.| + ===|.|| + ==
c ==|=-:= +.= =| =n =.= ===-+: |+| i+=r =| === r+ +== =
in) )= = r+ |i.|= =r| =-| = in) -|| |i.|= = i:) =|)+ 1x4 = 4
(i) i=|-| +n| === = (ii) |=== +-||= +-|
(iii) i+==|==|i+==|=| (iv) n|==
: i z f r &i zR; ; i z f r &i zR; ; i z f r &i zR; ; i z f r &i zR; ; i z f r &i zR; ; -==|| := +.= = == =+n =-| inr| ==- r+ - +| = i:)
=|)+ =-| i+=-+|== r| ==- r+ |i.|= =r| =-| = in) |i.|= = i:)
=|)+ +== =-| = in) =+ +== =| +r=|= +=r| r - = :+
(i) :.|=|=| (ii) =n-- (iii) .||-n-|= (iv) +i-|| (v) =|in=| 1x5 = 5
s v O; ; -:= +.= = == = +=|= =| | =|= :- r) j+=| +| = : =-|
i+=-+|== r| ==- r+ |i.|= =r| =-| = in) |i.|= = i:) =|)+ +==
= in) =+ +| +|+= = inr|= + := = +-=| |+| ===-+: =| |
=|= = i:=| =|)+ |i.|= =r| r|= + -|| |i.|= = i:) =|)+
(i) =|=| (ii) +ir (iii) ===ir (iv) -=|=|= (v) |=| 1x5 = 5
+ +|=-==|| := +.= = +== i+-=||= = in) )= = r+ -||+|==| =r| r|=
+ = i:) =|)+ 1x3 = 3
(i) i==-r||:=- (ii) ====-=i+|| (iii) =n|i=-|i=
+ ===-==|| := +.= = )= -||= =| )= = i:=| =|)+ 1x4 = 4
(i) =+|:-|=| +|:= (ii) =||-=- +|:= (iii) +|:|=-=+ +|:= (iv) :.|-+|:=
= r=|-= = || := + .= = +- =| |+| ===-+: =| | =|= = i:=| =|)+ | i.|=
=r| r|= + -|| |i.|= = i:) =|)+ x4 = 2
(i) =+| (ii) i-= (iii) ; (iv) )=
z +|+=-= = || := + .= = == = +n =-| inr| ==- r + + | = i:) =|) + | i.|=
=r| r|= + -|| |i.|= = i:) =|)+ n=| =:n= + = = =|= =|) 1x4 = 4
(i) =+.||= (ii) |.||+|: (iii) i.|=| (iv) +|-
307
[ k. [ k. [ k. [ k. [ k. M%^?k* M%^?k* M%^?k* M%^?k* M%^?k* Section-D i f Br &o c ks/ ku e ~ i f Br &o c ks/ ku e ~ i f Br &o c ks/ ku e ~ i f Br &o c ks/ ku e ~ i f Br &o c ks/ ku e ~
s := +.= =| =n =.= ++||= +|-|| r+ == +=|=+|=| .|:| =| +=|= =
==- r+ +| = i:) =|)+ |i.|= =r| r|= + -|| |i.|= = i:) =|)+
(=) ==| .|
I )=+:= =-|--=| +.=+ +== = in) =+ x4 = 2
(i) =|+|= (ii) =+|=|= (iii) r|n|=:.|=r|n|r|in=|
(iv) .||in=|=
II +|+|+== =-|--)= +.=+ )= =+ 1x1 = 1
.....ji|-|i=+== =-i==|| =|=|i==- =|== (=i=- ;).....
III =||i=:.|= =-|--=| +.=+ +== = in) =+ x4 = 2
(i) ==+==++|++ :=-= (ii) =|+|=++j- (iii) ==| (iv) |
(r|) +=| .|
I )=+:= =-|--:| +.=+ +== = in) =+ 1x2 = 2
(i) i+:||= (ii) =:|=|
II +|+|+== =-|--)= +.=+ )= =+ 1x1 = 1
.....+||-= i+ i+.||-.....
III =||i=:.|= =-|--=| +.=+ +== = in) =+ x4 = 2
(i) |===|= :=== (ii) i+.||- (iii) += (iv) :i-
(=) =|= =| .|
I )=+:= =-|--=| +.=+ +== = in) =+ x4 = 2
(i) === (ii) === (iii) i+-=+i+-:|||=|=== (iv) =r=|=|=
II =||i=:.|= =-|--)= +.=+ )= =+ 1x1 = 1
.......=:|, .|i+-, |= === =..................
III =||i=:.|= =-|--=| +.=+ +== = in) =+ x4 = 2
(i) =i|i (ii) |==- (iii) += (iv) +|i|=|
308
1 Hkko &l ac a/ kh Hkko &l ac a/ kh Hkko &l ac a/ kh Hkko &l ac a/ kh Hkko &l ac a/ kh := +.= = == .n|= = = =-| == ==- r |+| +=|=+|=| .|:|
=| +=|= = ==- r+ +| = i:) =|)+ == =+n =-| inr| ==- r+ 1x6 = 6
I (i) ===r|=|r|=|--= (ii) == (iii) -=|==
II (i) =|+== (ii) |==|= (iii) ===|
s v Uo ; &l ac a/ kh v Uo ; &l ac a/ kh v Uo ; &l ac a/ kh v Uo ; &l ac a/ kh v Uo ; &l ac a/ kh := +.= = == .n|= = = =-| ===+ == =+n =-| inr|
==- r+ x6 = 3
I (i) === (ii) i+=-|| (iii) i++
II (i) |:-| (ii) +|:= (iii) ==r==|ii-|
c i z' u f u e kZ. k&l ac a/ kh i z' u f u e kZ. k&l ac a/ kh i z' u f u e kZ. k&l ac a/ kh i z' u f u e kZ. k&l ac a/ kh i z' u f u e kZ. k&l ac a/ kh := +.= = == =+n iz'uokpd .|: inr| ==- r+ =|=|
+- =| |i: =| : i= = = +|-- = =|= =|) = i= + | + := + .= = ++| |=
+=r| r+ i+=-+|== =-| r| ==- r+
(i) = (ii) =|i= (iii) =|i= (iv) === 1x4 = 4
: d Fkk e &l ac a/ kh d Fkk e &l ac a/ kh d Fkk e &l ac a/ kh d Fkk e &l ac a/ kh d Fkk e &l ac a/ kh := +.= = dF;e +=r| r+ |+.== =r| i= == +|= +=-=
=| =||== r| + +|+=| = -|i= = = = | r| + + .= +| ||== r == i- |||i- =r| +
=+n +|+=== inr|= + -|| = i:) =|)+ +-=| |i: :== =r|+ x8 = 4
(i) (s)
(ii) ()
(iii) (:)
(iv) (s)
(v) (1)
(vi) (c)
(vii) (s)
(viii) (z)
=r =|=|-= == r+ -= -|i== == r|= + -|| = i:) =|)+ |i.|= =-|
= in) -|| = i:) =|)+
s .|:||-==|| := +.= = == =+n == inr| ==- r+ = i:) =|)+ +-=|
|i: =| :i= = = .|- r| =|= =|)+ 1x3 = 3
(i) i-|-|| (ii) =||i+-= (iii) i+n-
309
i z' u i =k l a[ ; k 5 2 i z' u i =k l a[ ; k 5 2 i z' u i =k l a[ ; k 5 2 i z' u i =k l a[ ; k 5 2 i z' u i =k l a[ ; k 5 2
[ k. M% ^d * [ k. M% ^d * [ k. M% ^d * [ k. M% ^d * [ k. M% ^d *
v i f Br & v o c ks/ ku e ~ v i f Br & v o c ks/ ku e ~ v i f Br & v o c ks/ ku e ~ v i f Br & v o c ks/ ku e ~ v i f Br & v o c ks/ ku e ~ 1 5 v k% 1 5 v k% 1 5 v k% 1 5 v k% 1 5 v k%
. (=)I )= +:= =-|- - =| +.=+ +== = in) = +4 = 2
(i) =+|| (ii) +|| (iii) ==|=|= (iv) ==-
II +|+|+== =-|- - )= +.=+ )= =+ 1x1 = 1
..... =+== =+-+= ==|=|= =+=+= :i- =+-..
III =||i=:.|= =-|- - =| +.=+ +== = in) = x4 = 2
(i) =- (ii) =|+== :i- +:== (iii) -|-== ===== = - -|-== (iv) :-
(r|) I. )=+:= =-|- - =| +.=+ +== = in) =+ x4 = 2
(i) -=|=|||.|== (ii) i=-+|=| (iii) n-|===||| (iv) =|+==
II. +|+|+== =-|- - =| +.=+ +== = in) )= =+ 2x2 = 4
(i).....)= |i==.....(ii) .....|i==== =--= n|+|.....
III. =||i=:.|= =-|- - =| +.=+ +== = in) =+ x4 = 2
(i) |i==== (ii) :n-|| (iii) |i==| :i- =- (iv) -=|=|||.|-|i===
IV. .|||= inr|- 1x2 = 2
|i==i=-+|=| =||==-=|=|||.|
|i: = i=n- =n- =+=+- .|||=
[ k. M%^[ k* [ k. M%^[ k* [ k. M%^[ k* [ k. M%^[ k* [ k. M%^[ k* Section-B j p u kRe d ad k; Ze ~ j p u kRe d ad k; Ze ~ j p u kRe d ad k; Ze ~ j p u kRe d ad k; Ze ~ j p u kRe d ad k; Ze ~
z +|nr|==-:= i+-=||=+ +== = in) =+ x10 = 5
(i) :-:+|- (ii) =.| (iii) ===r ===- (iv) -=|= (v) +==
(vi) i-|== (vii) ri=+| (viii) =i= (ix) + i- (x) =-:
s =+|:-nr|==-s i+-=||=+ +== = in) =+ 1x5 = 5
(i) =r|||| =+=| )+ (ii) |=+ r =r| =-|i=....
2x5 = 10
310
(iii) ===+ = +||= =-|+|-...... (iv) = +== =-|+|- = i.|-|-....
(v) = = -=== = =|i+ |==.....
1 f p =ko . kZu e ~v Fko k v u qPN sn y s[ ku e ~ f p =ko . kZu e ~v Fko k v u qPN sn y s[ ku e ~ f p =ko . kZu e ~v Fko k v u qPN sn y s[ ku e ~ f p =ko . kZu e ~v Fko k v u qPN sn y s[ ku e ~ f p =ko . kZu e ~v Fko k v u qPN sn y s[ ku e ~
:= +.= =| +=r| =.= +|+= ==| r+ +|+= n| |+| :|| r| =r =r++|
=r|+ +|+= |n=|i= r =| =r|-=r -|| =r++| =r|+ =|=i|= :i= = .|,
r|= + +| = i:) =|)+ ==|| = i:) =) .|: =r|=-|| r, == .|: ==
|+| =r|-|+.== =r|+ + =+= .|:| =| +=|= = +|+=-i==|| = ==- r+
- = i:) =|)+ |i==| = = .|- =|= =|)+ := +.= = + = r+
+== +|+= = in) z = r+
|+|(OR)
v u qPN sn y s[ ku e ~ v u qPN sn y s[ ku e ~ v u qPN sn y s[ ku e ~ v u qPN sn y s[ ku e ~ v u qPN sn y s[ ku e ~=r i+=-+ =|r|=| = in) r| =r| i+- === in) =|=| =|)+
== =+= -|| ==|| = i:) =) .|:| =| i+-|i+-=| |i: =:n ==- r+ = i:)
=|)+ := +.= = + = r+ +== +|+= = in) z = r+
[ k. M%^x * [ k. M%^x * [ k. M%^x * [ k. M%^x * [ k. M%^x * Section-C v u qi z; Dr O; kd j . ke ~ v u qi z; Dr O; kd j . ke ~ v u qi z; Dr O; kd j . ke ~ v u qi z; Dr O; kd j . ke ~ v u qi z; Dr O; kd j . ke ~
s =i|-=i|=:-|i.|= :i= = =r| =-| = in) |i.|= = i:) =|)+ 1x3 = 3
(i) =||+=i=-= (ii) =+=|=n (iii) =i==i.=-
c ==|=-:= +.= =| =n =.= ===-+: |+| i+=r =| === r+ +== =
in) )= = r+ |i.|= =r| =-| = in) -|| |i.|= = i:) =|)+ 1x4 = 4
(i) =-|-=-=-|-=-- (ii) =+|= +i- (iii) :=+i, (iv) ==== =i-=-=
: i z f r &i zR; ; i z f r &i zR; ; i z f r &i zR; ; i z f r &i zR; ; i z f r &i zR; ; -==|| := +.= = == =+n =-| inr| ==- r+ - +| = i:)
=|)+ =-| i+=-+|== r| ==- r+ |i.|= =r| =-| = in) |i.|= = i:)
=|)+ +== =-| = in) =+
(i) =--== (ii) =|-- (iii) =i|= (iv) =r|-|= (v) |=|=| 1x5 = 5
s v O; ; -:= +.= = == = +=|= =| | =|= :- r) j+=| +| = :+ =-|
i+=-+|== r| ==- r+ |i.|= =r| =-| = in) |i.|= = i:) =|)+ +==
= in) =+
311
(i) r .|= .|= -||== =|i=+ 1x5 = 5
(ii) r= |=| )+ i+=|n=|- |=-|+
(iii) r -= +==| +|-+-|+
(iv) r .+ +|||=| =i==|i=+
(v) r =:| =:| -|=||= ==|i=+
f VI i . kh f VI i . kh f VI i . kh f VI i . kh f VI i . kh = =+n i=:.||== +|+= r+ )+=+ -= +|+= -|| r| ==- r+
+ +|=-==|| := +.= = +== i+-=||= = in) )= = r+ -||+|==| =r| r|=
+ = i:) =|)+ 1x3 = 3
(i) |=-=- (ii) - (iii) +=|=
+ ===-==|| := +.= = +-=| |+| ===-+: =| | =|= = i:=| =|)+
|i.|= =r| r|= + -|| |i.|= = i:) =|)+ 1x4 = 4
(i) =||=+ (ii) =+|::.| (iii) )=|:.| (iv) +|:|=-)=+|:|==
= r=|-= = || := + .= = +- =| |+| ===-+: =| | =|= = i:=| =|)+ | i.|=
=r| r|= + -|| |i.|= = i:) =|)+ x4 = 2
(i) +=|.||i- (ii) |= (iii) ; (iv) )=|
z +|+=-= = || := + .= = == = +n =-| inr| ==- r + + | = i:) =|) + | i.|=
=r| r|= + -|| |i.|= = i:) =|)+ 1x4 = 4
(i) +|=|i= (ii) =-== (iii) -|+- (iv) :|===|=|=
[ k. M%^?k* [ k. M%^?k* [ k. M%^?k* [ k. M%^?k* [ k. M%^?k* Section-D i f Br &v o c ks/ ku e ~ i f Br &v o c ks/ ku e ~ i f Br &v o c ks/ ku e ~ i f Br &v o c ks/ ku e ~ i f Br &v o c ks/ ku e ~
s := +.= =| =n =.= ++||= +|-|| r+ == +=|=+|=| .|:| =| +=|= =
==- r+ +| = i:) =|)+ |i.|= =r| r|= + -|| |i.|= = i:) =|)+
(=) ==| .|
I )=+:= =-|--=| +.=+ +== = in) =+ x4 = 2
(i) n|ir-==| (ii) +===i+-||== (iii) =-===
(iv) =|= ==
II +|+|+== =-|--)= +.=+ )= =+ 1x1 = 1
.....n| ir-==| i=i=: : .....
312
III =||i=:.|= =-|--=| +.=+ +== = in) =+ x4 = 2
(i) +====|n|=|= (ii) :.|=|=|i= :i- +:== (iii) =-+||
(iv) +.| |== =
(r|) +=| .|
I )=+:= =-|--:| +.=+ +== = in) =+ 1x2 = 2
(i) |=+:|= (ii) +++=
II +|+|+== =-|--)= +.=+ )= =+ 1x1 = 1
.....|= + :|= .....
III =||i=:.|= =-|--=| +.=+ +== = in) =+ x4 = 2
(i) +++= (ii) i+=:|| (iii) +|== :i- +:== (iv) +=||=
(=) =|= =| .|
I )=+:= =-|--=| +.=+ +== = in) =+ x4 = 2
(i) = -=|=|= (ii) |n|+== (iii) -|=+--= (iv) =-=|=|=
II +|+|+== =-|--)= +.=+ )= =+ 1x1 = 1
.......+ =+|n i=..................
III =||i=:.|= =-|--=| +.=+ +== = in) =+ x4 = 2
(i) i+n| += (ii) === :i- +:== (iii) +=== (iv) -||--=
1 Hkko &l ac a/ kh Hkko &l ac a/ kh Hkko &l ac a/ kh Hkko &l ac a/ kh Hkko &l ac a/ kh := +.= = == .n|= = = =-| == ==- r |+| +=|=+|=| .|:|
=| +=|= = ==- r+ +| = i:) =|)+ == =+n =-| inr| ==- r+ 1x6 = 6
I (i) += (ii) :i-:=|i| (iii) n|==
II (i) =|= (ii) = || (iii) =|=|
s v Uo ; &l ac a/ kh v Uo ; &l ac a/ kh v Uo ; &l ac a/ kh v Uo ; &l ac a/ kh v Uo ; &l ac a/ kh := +.= = == .n|= = = =-| == ==- r+ == =+n =-|
inr| ==- r+ x6 = 3
I (i) =|r:= (ii) =|=|--|i= (iii) =.|
II (i) == (ii) ==- (iii) ===|-
313
c i z' u f u e kZ. k&l ac a/ kh i z' u f u e kZ. k&l ac a/ kh i z' u f u e kZ. k&l ac a/ kh i z' u f u e kZ. k&l ac a/ kh i z' u f u e kZ. k&l ac a/ kh := +.= = == =+n iz'uokpd .|: inr| ==- r+ =|=|
+- =| |i: =| : i= = = +|-- = =|= =|) = i= + | + := + .= = ++| |=
+=r| r -|| i+=-+|== =-| r| ==- r+
(i) = (ii) =||= (iii) =|= (iv) = = 1x4 = 4
: d Fkk e &l ac a/ kh d Fkk e &l ac a/ kh d Fkk e &l ac a/ kh d Fkk e &l ac a/ kh d Fkk e &l ac a/ kh := +.= = dF;e +=r| r+ |+.== =r| i= == +|= +=-=
=| =||== r| + +|+=| = -|i= = = = | r| + + .= +| ||== r , == i- |||i- =r| +
=+n +|+=== inr|= + -|| = i:) =|)+ +-=| |i: :== =r|+ x8 = 4
(i) ()
(ii) (1)
(iii) (:)
(iv) (c)
(v) (s)
(vi) (z)
(vii) (s)
(viii) (s)
=r =|=|-= == r+ -= -|i== == r|= + -|| = i:) =|)+ |i.|= =-|
= in) -|| = i:) =|)+
s .|:||-==|| := +.= = == =+n == inr| ==- r+ = i:) =|)+ +-=|
|i: =| :i= = = .|- r| =|= =|)+ 1x3 = 3
(i) +i- (ii) =|==|=|= (iii) ==|
314
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MARKING SCHEME
CLASS X
DELHI
2010
CBSE, Delhi-110301
Published by Secretary, C.B.S.E. 'Shiksha Kendra', 2, Community Centre, Preet Vihar, Delhi - 110301.
Laser typesetting and Printed by Akashdeep Printers, Daryaganj, New Delhi - 110002
Manuscript as such highlights the main value points and does not represent a complete ideal answer.
Manuscript may vary from time to time and year to year.
Price : Rs.
November, 2010 : 500 Copies
(ii)
PREFACE
CBSE as a pace setting national Board has constantly been striving to design its evaluation
process in a manner that it is used as a powerful means of influencing the quality of teaching and learning
in the classroom situation. Also, it has to be so designed that it provides constant feedback regarding
the effectiveness of the course content, classroom processes and the growth of individual learners
besides the appropriateness of evaluation procedures.
As a move in this direction, CBSE started the practice of publishing the Marking Schemes with
twin objectives in mind-(i) making the system more transparent and at the same time, (ii) ensuring high
degree of reliability in scoring procedure.
Who are the markers of answer scripts? How do they mark the answer scripts? How can it be
ensured that marking is fair, objective and reliable? Questions of these types naturally arise in the minds
of candidates appearing in the public examination. These questions are equally pertinent to the teachers
who are not adequately exposed to the CBSE system of marking.
Answer Scripts marking is a specialised job. It is assigned to teachers-PGTs for Class XII and
TGTs for Class X who are in direct touch with the subject and have a minimum of 3 years experience
of teaching the subject at that level. Appointment of examiners is made in accordance with the well-
defined norms. Markers examine scripts with the help of datailed guidelines called the 'Marking Schemes'.
It is this tool (Marking Scheme) alongwith the extensive supervisory checks and counter-checks
through which CBSE tries to ensure objective and fair marking. The present publication is being brought
out with a view to serving the following objectives :
(i) To give an opportunity to the teachers and students to look into the Marking Schemes that
were developed by the Board and supplied to the evaluators in 2010 main examination in
some selected main subjects.
(ii) To receive feedback and suggestions from institutions/subject teachers on the utility and
further improvement of Marking Schemes.
(iii) To encourage institutions to undertake similar exercise of developing marking schemes for
classes other than those covered by the Board's examination with a view to increasing
teachers' responsiveness to them as the essential tools of evaluation.
(iii)
HOW TO USE
Teachers and the students preparing for Class X examination of the Board constitute the primary
interest-group of this publication. Marking Schemes of Question Papers in the subjects of English
(Communicative), English (Language and Literature), Hindi Course A, Hindi Course B, Mathematics,
Science (Theory and Practical Skills), Social Science, Introductory Information Technology,
Communicative Sanskrit, French, Urdu Course A, Urdu Course B and Bengali administered in Delhi and
Outside Delhi during the 2010 main examination have been included in this document. Some tips on
their usage are given below :
(a) To Teachers :
--- Go through the syllabus and the weightage distribution for the subject carefully.
--- Read the question paper to find out how far the question paper set subscribes to the
prescribed design. Grade every question by difficulty level for students who have taken the
main Board examination.
--- Consult the 'Marking Scheme' for each question, with reference to steps into which answers
and awards have been divided.
--- Work out concrete suggestions for the Board.
(b) To Students :
--- Study each question carefully, comprehend them and write down the main points of the
answer and note down their difficulties for clarification.
--- Examine a question in conjunction with the Marking Scheme and find out the proximity of
the answer to that suggested in the Marking Scheme.
--- We will feel motivated if this publication is commented upon by practitioners in the context
of its impact on their teaching learning strategies. Contribution of the experts and the officials
of the Board in bringing out this document is gratefully acknowledged.
We urge the teachers to encourage their students to make use of this publication and at the same
time to enrich us with their free and frank reactions.
M.C. SHARMA
CONTROLLER OF EXAMINATIONS
(iv)
CONTENTS
Secondary School Examination (X)
Marking Scheme
Page No.
1. English Communicative ............................................................................................. 1- 44
2. English Language and Literature ................................................................................. 45-80
3. Hindi Course A ....................................................................................................... 81-116
4. Hindi Course B ....................................................................................................... 117-154
5. Mathematics .............................................................................................................. 155-185
6. Science ...................................................................................................................... 186-223
7. Practical Skills in Science ........................................................................................... 224-240
8. Social Science ........................................................................................................... 241-282
9. Introductory Information Technology .......................................................................... 283-308
10. Communicative Sanskrit ............................................................................................. 309-340
11. French ....................................................................................................................... 341-376
12. Urdu Course A ........................................................................................................ 377-399
13. Urdu Course B ........................................................................................................ 400-418
14. Bengali ...................................................................................................................... 419-432
(v)
ENGLISH COMMUNICATIVE
1. Mrs. Rachna Pant
Principal
Ramjas Pulic School
Sector-4, R.K. Puram
New Delhi
2. Mrs. Onika Mehrotra
Kalka Public School
Alaknanda
Kalkaji, New Delhi
3. Mrs. M Iyenger
Prakash Senior Sec. School
Near Sandesh Press
Bodakdev
Ahmedabad, Gujarat
4. Mr. Meera Bhardwaj
Ramjas School
New Delhi
5. Smt. Pervinder Kaur
Govt. Model Senior Sec. School
Sector 35, Chandigarh
6. Mrs. Neena Kaul
PGT
St. Marys School
B-II, Safdarjung Enclave
New Delhi
7. Ms. Padmini Yadav
Ramjas School
New Delhi
8. Ms. Manvinder Kaur
Delhi Public School
Site No. 3, Meerut Road,
Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh
9. Mrs. Maya Mohan
Principal
Cinmays Vidyalays
Kochi
10. Mr. Anoop K. Kamal
Principal
Bhai Joga Singh Girls Public School
D-4 Faiz Road Karol Bagh
New Delhi
11. Sh. Hiranya Hazarika
Tinsukia English Academy
Tinsukia, Assam
ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
1. Mr. Ramesh Chand
Principal
MB Road
Pushp Vihar Phase-I
New Delhi
LIST OF COORDINATORS/SUBJECT EXPERTS/REPRESENTATIVES
OF THE REGIONS FOR UPDATION/FINALISATION OF THE
MARKING SCHEME FOR THE SECONDARY SCHOOL
EXAMINATION, 2010
Experts
Experts
(vi)
Experts
Experts
2. Shri P.N. Thakural
C4C-4/256 Janak Puri
New Delhi
3. Dr. B.D. Jain
Retd. Principal
F.131 Pandav Nagar
Delhi
4. Mr. Rajinder Singh
Govt. Boys Sr. Sec. School No.2
Kalkaji
New Delhi
5. Mrs. Anupama
Govt. Sr. Sec. School
Sector-19, Chandigarh
6. Mr. G.R. Sharma
Govt. Boys Sr. Sec. School No.2
Kalkaji
New Delhi
7. Mr. P.G. Rajendran
Vice Principal
Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya
Dodaaballapur, Bashettihalli
Post, Bangalore Rural Distt.
Karnataka
8. Mrs. Neelima Sharma
Rtd. Deputy Education Officer
Directorate of Education
District South
Defence Colony
New Delhi
9. Ms. Neelam Kulshreshtha
Rajkiya Pratibha Vikas Vidyalaya
BT Block
Shalimar Bagh, Delhi
10. Ms. Neeta Joshi
PGT
Advanced Academy
ISKON Vihar Nipanie Road
Indore, M.P.
HINDI COURSE A
1. Dr. Anuradha
HOD
Lodhi Estate, New Delhi
2. Dr. Suresh Pant
10 C/4 C, Janakpuri
New Delhi
3. Ms. Kamlesh
Sarvodaya Kanya Vidyalaya
Avantika, Sector-I, Rohini
Delhi
4. Shri D.B. Sharma
PGT
Kendriya Vidyalaya No.1
Jaipur (Rajesthan)
5. Mrs. T. Prasanna Kumari
Vice-Principal
Kendriya Vidyalaya
CRPI,
Chennai, Tamil Nadu
(vii)
Experts
Experts
6. Smt Rupa
PGT
DA V Model School
7. Dr. Lalima Verma
Principal
Kendriya Vidyalaya
FRI, PO New Forest,
Dehradun, Uttarakhand
8. Mr. Manish Agarwal
Montfort School
Phase-I, Ashok Vihar
Delhi
9. Dr. Sabya Sachin
Lecturer
Govt. Boy, Sr. Sec. School
Tagor Garden
New Delhi
10. Dr. Davinder Tyagi
H-25, West Jyoti Nagar
Shahadara
Delhi-32
11. Mrs. Monika Sharma
TGT
Sardar Patil Vidyalaya
Lodhi Estate
New Delhi
HINDI COURSE B
1. Dr. Anuradha
HOD
Lodhi Estate, New Delhi
2. Dr. Kamal Satyarthi
187 K, Jeevan Nagar
Kilokari,
New Delhi
3. Ms. Renu Pushkarna
PGT
DAV Public School
Sector-14, Gurgaon
4. Ms. Monika Marwah
Sanskriti School
Dr. Radhakrishan Marg
Chanakaya Puri, New Delhi
5. Dr.. A. Rengasamy
PGT
SBOA School & Jr. College,
18 Sch. Road
Anna Nagar, Western Extn.,
Chennai, Tamilnadu
6. Mrs. Shika Nag
DTEA Sr. Sec. School
B-1, Janak Puri, New Delhi
7. Sh. J.K. Jain
PGT
Daly College, Indore
8. Dr. R.K. Dabas
SCERT.
Defence Colony
Delhi
9. Dr. O.P. Rai
Vice Principal
K. V. Amnigog
Guwahati
(viii)
Experts
Experts
10. Dr. Madhuri
Delhi Public School
Sector 3, Dwarka,
New Delhi
11. Ms. Priya Vaidya
M 47, Saket
New Delhi
MATHEMATICS
1. Mrs. Anita Sharma
Principal
S.D. Public School
BU Block, Pitampura,
Delhi
2. Dr. V.P. Gupta
Professor
NCERT, Sri Autobindo Marg
New Delhi
3. Sh. G. D. Dhall
K-171, LIC Colony
Syed Nangloi Village
Delhi
4. Sh. S.N. Chibber
Principal (Retd.)
B-330, Saraswati Vihar
Delhi
5. Sh. V.P. Singh
Retired Principal
2610 A, Street No.9 Bihari Colony
Shahdara, Delhi
6. Sh. J.C. Nijhawan
Rtd. Vice Principal
C-51 Maharana Pratap Enclave
Delhi
7. Sh. V. Vijay Kumar
Principal
Jawahar Nehru School
Habibganj, Bhopal
M.P.
8. Mr. C. Sathyamurthy
Principal
Chinmaya Vidyalaya
9-B, Taylore Road
Kilpauk Chennai
9. Sh. Nirmal Singh
PGT
Govt. Model Sr. Sec School
Sector-35-D, Chandigarh
10. Sh. R.N. Chaubey
Principal
JLN Model Sr. Sec. School
Digwadih No. 12,
P.O. Pathardih, Dhanbad,
Jharkhand
11. Sh. M.N. Chaturvedi
Principal
Vivekanand Kendra Vidyalaya
Tinsukia
Assam
(ix)
Experts
Experts
12. Sh. Ajay Marwaha
S.D. Public School
BU Block
Pitampura, Delhi
13. Sh. J.P. Singh
Kendriya Vidyalaya
AGCR Colony
Delhi
SCIENCE
1. Sh.L.V.Sehgal
Principal
Bal Bharati Pub. School
Rajinder Nagar
Near Ganga Ram Hospital
New Delhi
2. Sh. P. N. Seth
65/42, New Rohtak Road
New Delhi
3. Sh. J.P. Agarwal
3 Shakti Apartment
Ashok Vihar Phase-III
Delhi
4. Sh.B.N. Mehrotra
A-32, Nanda Road
Adarsh Nagar, Delhi
5. Sh. Virendra Srivastav
B-3/95B
Janakpuri
New Delhi
6. Sh. S. Dev
Principal
Budding Buds Sr. Sec. School
Tinsukia, Assam
7. Sh. Anil Kr. Gupta
Kendriya Vidyalaya No.6
Pratap Nagar
Jaipur, Rajasthan
8. Sh. Sri Devi S.A.
Principal
BBUL Jain Vidyalaya
84 KR Road
Bangalore
9. Mrs. Mohina Dar
Principal
Amity International School
Sector.44, Noida
Gautam Budh Nagar
Uttar Pradesh
10. Mrs. Ravinder Kaur
PGT, Physics
Govt. Model Sr. Sec. School
Sec.33-D, Chandigarh
11. Ms. Sangeeta Bhatia,
New State Academy Sr.Sec.School,
Zone H-4, Pitampura,
Delhi
12. Ms. Poonam Sondhi,
Bal Bharti Public School,
New Delhi
(x)
Experts
Experts
13. Ms. Anju Marwah,
Bal Bharti, Pub. School
Rajinder Nagar
New Delhi
14. Sh. Suman Nath
Principan
Tagore International School
E-Block, East of Kailash
New Delhi
15. Mrs. Meena Malhotra
Bal Bharti, Pub. School
Rajinder Nagar
New Delhi
SOCIAL SCIENCE
1. Mrs. Ravinder Jodhka
Vice Principal
Guru Harkishan Pub. School
Hardhian Singh Road
Karol Bagh, New Delhi
2. Sh. Kirpal Singh
Retd. Principal
C-1001 NPSC CGHS Ltd
Plot No 5, Sector-2, Dwarka
New Delhi
3. Sh. V.B. Krishna
C-382, Saraswati Vihar
Delhi
4. Sh. D.S. Yadav
E-52, Pandav Nagar
Delhi
5. Ms. Padma Srinivasan
HOD
Delhi Public School
R.K. Puram,
New Delhi
6. Mrs. Bindu Gera
PGT
Blue Bells International School
Kailash Colony, New Delhi
7. Smt. Veena Sharma
Bhavans Vidyalaya
8. Dr. C.V. Narasimbon
Principal Rt.
Ram Nath Sec. School
Vijyan Nagar, Visakhaputnam
Pradesh
9. Mrs. Kaveri Adhikari
Principal
Tagore Public School
Attaruiya, Allahabad
Utter Pradesh
10. Dr. Indu Sharma
PGT
Demonstration Multipurpose
School (RIL)
Pushkar Road
Ajmer, Rajasthan
11. Mrs. Manmeet Kaur
TGT
Karol Bagh, New Delhi
(xi)
Experts
Experts
12. Sh. S.N. Sharma
BC 54, Shalimar Bagh (W)
Delhi
13. Smt. Monika Goswami
Principal
Maharishi Vidya Mandir
Silpukheri, Guwahati
COMMUNICATIVE SANSKRIT
1. Sh. Chand Kiran Saluja
Head of Deptt.(Sanskrit)
Central Institute of Education
University of Delhi, Delhi
2. Sh. Y. D. Sharma
H. No. 100, 101 Pocket A-3
Sector-11, Rohini, Delhi
3. Shri Chander Bhan Singh
Vice Principal
Govt. Boys Sec School No.2
Khanpur, New Delhi
4. Sh. Bhaskar Dutt Dwivedi
Principal
Dau Dayal Arya Vedic Sr. Sec. School
Nayan Vans, Delhi
5. Sh.H.O.Arya
DAV Public School
Sector-14,
Faridabad, Haryana
6. Ms Chandra Ramani
PGT
PS BB Sr. Sec. School
15, Lake Area, First Main Road
Chennai, Tamil Nadu
7. Mrs. Seema Sharma
MGD Girls School
SRS Road, Ajmeri Gate
Jaipur, Rajasthan
8. Shri J.L. Sharma
Principal
Dewan Public School
Opp. Roadways Bus Stand
Meerut Road, Hapur,
Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh
9. Smt. Parvesh Sharma
Priyadarshni Senior Sec. School
Fatehpur Beri, New Delhi
10. Mr. Vijay Trivedi
Vasant Valley School
Vasant Kunj Sector-C,
New Delhi
11. Shri C K Sharma
Principal
Bhavans Sawan Public School
Bhati Mines Road,
New Delhi
FRENCH
1. Ms. Manisha Sondhi
PGT
Delhi Public School
Sec-c, Pkt-V, Vasant Kunj,
New Delhi
2. Ms. Anuradha Karkum
The Mother's International School,
Sri Aurobindo Marg,
New Delhi
(xii)
Experts
Experts
3. Ms. Preeti Chawla
PGT
Tagore International School
East of Kailash,
New Delhi
4. Ms. Brinda Mukherjee
PGT
Delhi Public School
Sector-30, Noida
G.B. Nagar, U.P.-201303
5. Ms. Payal Naik
6. Ms. Adita Saxena
URDU COURSE A/B
1. Mohd.Maroof Khan
Principal
Dr. Zakir Hussain Memorial
Sr. Sec. School Jafarabad,
Delhi
2. Dr. Razi Ahmad
C/o Darshan Lal
F-401 Munirka Village,
New Delhi
3. Mrs. Kishwar Jahan
(PGT Urdu),
Dr. Zakir Husain Mem. Sr. Sec. School
Jafrabad, Delhi
4. Dr. Nafees Jahan Ansari
Ex-Principal
47/5, Uttranchal Society
I.P. Extn., Delhi
5. Mr. Arief Usmani
Anglo Arabic Sr. Sec. School
Ajmeri Gate
Delhi
BENGALI
1. Mr. P. Saha
PGT
V.N. Bengali Sr. Sec. School
Sarojni Nagar, New Delhi
2. Mrs. Sharmishta Sen
147/C Pocket J & K
Dilshad Garden
Delhi
3. Mrs. Mitra Saha
Shyama Prasad Vidyalaya
Lodhi Estate,
New Delhi
4. Mr. V. Das Adhikasi
V.N Bengali S. S. School
Sarojini Nagar
New Delhi
5. Mrs. Amita Ghosh Roy
PGT
Ashok Hall Girls Sec. School
Sarat Bose Road
Kolcotta, West Bengal
6. Mr. Aditi Sinha
PGT
Bengali Sr. Sec. School,
Alipur Road,
Delhi
7. Mr. S. Sahoo
V.N. Bengali S. S. School
Sarojini Nagar
New Delhi
(xiii)
1
ENGLISH (Communicative)
Time allowed : 3 hours Maximum marks : 100
(i) This paper consists of four sections.
Section A - Reading 20 marks
Section B - Writing 30 marks
Section C - Grammar 20 marks
Section D - Literature 30 marks
(ii) Attempt all questions.
(iii) Do not write anything in the question paper.
(iv) All the answers must be correctly numbered as in the question paper and
written in the answer sheet provided to you.
(v) Attempt all questions in each section before going on to the next section.
(vi) Read each question carefully and follow the instructions.
(vii) Strictly adhere to the word limit given with each question.
1. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow. 12 marks
1. I felt stupid, being made to stand on the desk while the other kids were bent
over their notebooks. I couldnt understand my new school or my new
classmates, or their alien language English and the fact that they could do
sums in their head, while I struggled with a paper and pencil. For me, at age
six, the good times had ended. Life seemed a far cry from those days in
Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, all thanks to my grandfathers reflected glory. He
was a military doctor, a great man, and I lived with him. And so even policemen
gave me affectionate salaams, which I learned to acknowledge with a nod.
Id simply lay my head down on the desk and sleep in class, if bored. I was a
pampered little prince.
2. In early 1971, my parents decided it was time I moved to Bombay where
father worked. My first few days were a disaster. No one spoke Tamil or
Telugu, the only languages I knew. I couldnt keep pace with their writing or
2
reading. Then one day, a slight plump lady with large spectacles, wearing
trousers walked into the classroom. Hello, she said, My name is Miss
Jean. I am your new class teacher. Shed done her homework. Spotting me
in a back corner, she beckoned me to the front. My almost empty notebooks
must have given Miss Jean a clue that I needed the extra attention. If the class
had to write a page, Id be made to write two. Even during PT, I had to stay
back and write. When I was caught sneaking to the window to watch the
others playing, Miss Jean put me in the middle row, far from the window.
3. I made some progress and Miss Jean made it a point to praise every little
achievement. If I did my work wrong, shed call me to her desk, hug me and
show me how to correct my errors. Mistakes were only human in her eyes,
but neglecting home work was a crime thered be a terse comment in my
diary for mother to see. And Id be grounded that evening. Meanwhile I was
getting possessive and minded if another child got more hugs. By Christmas,
I stood fifth in class. I am very proud of Srikant, she told the class after
reading out the marks. I related that moment to mother again and again. When
I returned after summer vacations, I heard that Miss Jean had got married
and was going to Australia.
4. Many years went by. I graduated in engineering, then in management, got a
job, married and had kids. One day I found myself thinking of Miss Jean.
Soon afterwards I found myself in Sydney, Australia, on an official trip. I tried
looking up my teacher in the phone book. But it was of no help as I did not
know even her surname. Thank you, Miss Jean, wherever you are for the tact
and patience with which you taught me.
1.1 Complete the following sentences. 1x 8=8
(a) When the author got bored in his class while he studied in Nellore, he
___________________________.
(b) He was given a preferential treatment when he was a child because
___________________________.
(c) The author felt very bad and could not mix with his new classmates
because ___________________________.
(d) When Miss Jean discovered that the author needed her extra attention
she assigned him ___________________________.
(e) Miss Jean put the author in the middle row far from the window when
she found ___________________________.
3
(f) When the author committed mistakes, Miss Jean made it a point to
___________________________.
(g) The author became so possessive of Miss Jean that ______________
_____________________.
(h) Although the authors efforts failed to trace her later in Australia, he
thanked her in his heart because ____________________________.
1.2 Find words from the passage that mean the same as 14 = 4
(a) spoiled with too much attention (para 1)
(b) called / signalled (para 2)
(c) having excessive desire to own (para 3)
(d) fail to do something (para 3)
1. Ilkal, a small town famous for its ethnic saris is in the northern district of
Bijapur in Karnataka. But soon the sound of the loom may belong to the past
as more and more weavers leave this art to join more profitable occupations.
These saris are unique for their four to six inch broad reddish maroon borders
with traditional, distinct designs. It is the families of dyers and weavers who
together produce the Ilkal sari - a deep blue-black indigo body with red
borders. It is woven in cotton or silk or a combination of both. The cotton
before the advent of chemical colours, was indigo dyed, and the red border
dyed with colours derived from flowers.
2. A weaver s living room includes a handloom pit, where the weaver works on
the loom at the same time entertaining guests and customers. The bedroom is
the store room for yam and also doubles as the domain of womenfolk of the
house. It takes around a week to complete a sari. It is tiresome work. The
wholesaler gives us the required raw materials, mainly yam, and we weave
the sari on a piecemeal basis he elaborates. We are then sure the sari is sold
and we are not stuck with dead stock. This is how the system mostly works
now.
3. Traditionally, Ilkal saris were made using natural indigo dyes. Then, in the
1970s, the synthetic German indigo replaced this vat dying process. Today,
4
this has given way to naphtha based dyes. The famed and centuries old indigo
dying is now on the verge of extinction. As the new generation steps into more
profitable avenues the skyline of Ilkal is fast changing too. The most profitable
business in the area now is granite, states a weaver. With this stone being
available in plenty here, a number of granite selling agencies and chimneys of
granite processing units are proliferating all over. As more and more of towns
younger citizens step into newer ventures like that of selling stones, the loom
may become a mere memory.
2.1 Complete the paragraph using one word only in each blank. 1x3=3
Ilkal, once a small town (a) ____________for its saris is fast changing into
one known for granites. (b) _____________a sari takes almost a week and
is tiresome work. The younger generation (c) _____________ granite business
to sari weaving.
2.2 Complete the sentences given below: 1x5=5
(a) A weavers bedroom functions as _______________.
(b) German Indigo has replaced _______________.
(c) Weaving saris on a piecemeal basis ensures that _______________.
(d) Availability of granite stone in plenty in the area has led to
(i) _______________________
(ii) _______________________
SECTION B (Writing) (30 Marks)
3. You are Rahul, Secretary of the Arts Club, Navodaya School, Nagpur. An interschool
cultural competition is being conducted in your school on the 25th of November.
Put up a notice informing House Captains and Badge Holders about a meeting to
discuss the arrangements for the programme. Write the notice in not more than 50
words. 5 marks
4. Your school has introduced Yoga classes recently. Write a postcard in not more than
50 words to your friend Kamal/Kamala, B-1 0, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Road, Patiala,
informing him/her about how they have benefited you. You are Sumit / Suman. Copy
the format of the postcard from the question paper. 5 marks
5
5. You are Swathi, living at 10, Nana Saheb Road, Kanpur. You happened to see your
neighbours ten year old housemaid being ill-treated by the house owner. Write a
letter to the editor of a national daily in about 150-175 words about prevalence of
child labour in spite of the strict rules laid down by the government.
Take ideas from the hints given below:
Made to work for long hours
Ill treated, paid very little.
Law breakers to be punished 10 marks
6. You are Dr. Nishant / Nisha. You came across the following information about the
outbreak of Swine flu and the number of lives taken by it. You decided to write an
article for a leading daily about the precautions to be taken to prevent it from
spreading. Write the article in 150-175 words using ideas from the unit on Health
and Hygiene, your own ideas, and the bar-graph given below. 10 marks
Spread of Swine flu in India
6
For the Blind
You are Dr. Nishant / Nisha. You came to know about the outbreak of Swine flu and
the number of lives taken by it. You decided to write an article for a leading daily
about the precautions to be taken to prevent it from spreading. Write the article in
150-175 words taking ideas from the unit on Health and Hygiene along with your
own ideas. Some hints are given below:
Consult a doctor
Wear masks
Avoid going to a crowded place
Take medicines and rest as advised
Avoid contact with those who are infected
SECTION C (Grammar) (20 Marks)
7. Look at the notes given below and complete the paragraph that follows. Do not
add any new information. Write the answers in your answer sheet against the correct
blank numbers. 1x4=4 marks
Cheetah - mans companion - surprising speed - effort - overheat - system -
growl when angry - timid nature - Egyptian Pharaohs - worship as gods
Cheetahs are mans oldest companions. Their speed (a) _____________. Their
system gets (b) ___________ with the effort and they need a long rest afterwards.
Though they growl when angry (c) _____________. They were (d) _________
Egyptian Pharaohs.
8. The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each line. Write
the incorrect word and the correction in your answer sheet against the correct blank
number. The first one is done as an example. x8=4 marks
Trying to achieving your goals without an eg achieving achieve
action plan is like trying for drive-across (a)
the country within a map. The wasted (b)
time, energy or money will probably (c)
make you give in travelling before you (d)
7
go very far. Such goals is not goals at all. ( e)
They are merely fantasies. Success people (f)
find out what it costs to make his dream (g)
come true. They dont complain when the effort made. (h)
first one has been done as an example. Write the answers against the correct blank
numbers in your answer sheet. 1x4=4 marks
Tend to / worry about / most of us / we take / the risks / in life
Most of us tend to worry about the risks we take in life.
(a) changes / the world / are / technological / sweeping /
(b) everyday living / timely / secure and / measures / happy / can make /
(c) occur / factors / misfortunes / due to / may / various /
(d) can minimize / risk management / the impact of / uncertain events / through
/ you
10. Fill in each blank in the following passage with one word only. Write the correct
word in your answer sheet against the correct blank number. Do not copy the whole
sentence. x8=4 marks
The notion (a) _________ religious faith can prompte physical well-being is
not new. Most of us have heard of cases (b) ___________ which someone, seemingly
by sheer faith and will, (c) _________ miraculously recovered (d) ___________ a
terminal illness or survived far longer (e) ___________ doctors thought possible.
What is new is that such rewards of religion (f) ___________ becoming the stuff of
science. One of the (g) ___________ extensive reviews demonstrates that the
connections between religion (h) ___________ science can cut across cultural and
geographical boundaries.
11. Read the conversation given below and complete the passage that follows.
Write the answers against the correct blank numbers. Do not copy the whole
sentences. 1x4=4 marks
Rejula: Mam, may I borrow a dictionary? I forgot to bring mine.
Teacher: How can you be forgetful? Didnt I remind you yesterday?
8
Rejula : Yes mam, I am sorry, I will not repeat the mistake.
Teacher: Borrow it for today.
Rejula: Thank you, mam.
Rejula requested the teacher (a) ___________ since she (b) _________.
The teacher chided her for being forgetful and asked her (c) ___________. When
Rejula promised not to repeat the mistake the teacher permitted her (d) _______.
Rejula was relieved and thanked the teacher.
Section D (Literature) (30 Marks)
correctly. 3 marks
Now the nightingale, inspired,
Flushed with confidence, and fired
With both art and adoration,
Sang and was a huge sensation.
(a) Name the poem and the poet. 1
(b) Why did the nightingale flush with confidence ? 1
(c) How did she become a sensation? 1
correctly. 3 marks
But no sweet bird did follow,
Nor any day for food or play
Came to the mariners hollo !
And I had done a hellish thing,
And it would work em woe:
(a) Who is the speaker? 1
(b) What is the hellish thing done? 1
(c) Explain; work em woe.
9
Or
She rewards me with tears and an agitation of hands.
I am important to her. She comes and goes.
Each morning it is her face that replaces the darkness.
(a) Why is the mirror important to her ?
(b) Why does she cry?
(c) What does agitation of hands mean?
14. Answer the following in 50-75 words. 4 marks
How does the poet employ the poetic device, personification effectively in the
poem, Ode to the West Wind ?
Or
How does Night of the Scorpion bring out a mothers love for her children?
15. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow in one or two
lines only. 4 marks
Let me see some tenderness connected with a death.
(a) Why does the speaker desire to see a sight of tenderness? 2
(b) How does the ghost fulfil his desire? 2
How does Brutus convince the Roman mob that he was justified in murdering
Caesar?
Or
Compare and contrast the characters of Ebenezer Scrooge and his impoverished
clerk, Bob Cratchit in the play, A Christmas Caro1.
Describe the circumstances under which Ch-tsal was able to escape from earth.
Or
Why does Babuli compare himself to an innocent lamb in the lesson, The
Tribute?
10
You are Ali. Write a letter to your friend on your experiences at the post office
where you go daily expecting a letter from your daughter.
Or
You are the grandmother in The Ultimate Safari. Make a diary entry on your fears
and anxieties concerning the future of your grandchildren.
1 I felt stupid, being made to stand on the desk while the other kids were bent
over their notebooks. I couldnt understand my new school or my new
classmates, or their alien language English and the fact that they could do
sums in their head, while I struggled with a paper and pencil. For me, at age
six, the good times had ended. Life seemed a far cry from those days in
Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, all thanks to my grandfathers reflected glory. He
was a military doctor, a great man, and I lived with him. And so even policemen
gave me affectionate salaams, which I learned to acknowledge with a nod.
Id simply lay my head down on the desk and sleep in class, if bored. I was a
pampered little prince.
2 In early 1971, my parents decided it was time I moved to Bombay where
father worked. My first few days were a disaster. No one spoke Tamil or
Telugu, the only languages I knew. I couldnt keep pace with their writing or
reading. Then one day, a slight plump lady with large spectacles, wearing
trousers walked into the classroom. Hello, she said. My name is Miss
Jean. I am your new class teacher. Shed done her homework. Spotting
me in a back corner, she beckoned me to the front. My almost empty
notebooks must have given Miss Jean a clue that I needed the extra attention.
If the class had to write a page, Id be made to write two. Even during PT, I
had to stay back and write. When I was caught sneaking to the window to
watch the others playing, Miss Jean put me in the middle row, far from the
windows.
3 I made some progress and Miss Jean made it a point to praise every little
achievement. If I did my work wrong, shed call me to her desk, hug me and
show me how to correct my errors. Mistakes were only human in her eyes,
11
but neglecting home-work was a crime thered be a terse comment in my
diary for Mother to see. And Id be grounded that evening. Meanwhile I was
getting possessive and minded if another child got more hugs. By Christmas,
I stood fifth in class. I am very proud of Srikant, she told the class after
reading out the marks. I related that moment to Mother again and again.
When I returned after summer vacations, I heard that Miss Jean had got
married and was going to Australia.
4 Many years went by. I graduated in engineering, then in management, got a
job, got married and had kids. One day I found myself thinking of Miss Jean.
Soon afterwards I found myself in Sydney, Australia on an official trip. I tried
looking up my teacher in the phone book. But it was of no help as I did not
even know her surname. Thank you Miss Jean wherever you are for the tact
and patience with which you taught me.
1.1 Complete the following sentences. 1x 8=8
(a) When the author got bored in his class while he studied in Nellore, he
___________________________.
(b) He was given a preferential treatment when he was a child because
___________________________.
(c) The author felt very bad and could not mix with his new classmates
because ___________________________.
(d) When Miss Jean discovered that the author needed her extra attention
she assigned him ___________________________.
(e) Miss Jean put the author in the middle row far from the window when
she found ___________________________.
(f) When the author committed mistakes, Miss Jean made it a point to
___________________________.
(g) The author became so possessive of Miss Jean that ______________
_____________________.
(h) Although the authors efforts failed to trace her later in Australia, he
thanked her in his heart because __________________________.
1.2 Find words from the passage that mean the same as 14 = 4
(a) spoiled with too much attention (para 1)
(b) called / signalled (para 2)
12
(c) having excessive desire to own (para 3)
(d) fail to do something (para 3)
1 Ilkal, a small town famous for its ethnic saris is in the northern district of
Bijapur in Karnataka. But soon the sound of the loom may belong to the past
as more and more weavers leave this art to join more profitable occupations.
These saris are unique for their four to six inch broad reddish maroon borders
with traditional, distinct designs. It is the families of dyers and weavers who
together produce the Ilkal sari - a deep blue-black indigo body with red
borders. It is woven in cotton or silk or a combination of both. The cotton,
before the advent of chemical colours, was indigo dyed, and the red border
dyed with colours derived from flowers.
2 A weavers living room includes a handloom pit, where the weaver works on
the loom at the same time entertaining guests and customers. The bedroom is
the store room for yarn and also doubles as the domain of womenfolk of the
house. It takes around a week to complete a sari. It is tiresome work. The
wholesaler gives us the required raw materials, mainly yarn, and we weave
the sari on a piecemeal basis, he elaborates. We are then sure the sari is
sold and we are not stuck with dead stock. This is how the system mostly
works now.
3 Traditionally, Ilkal saris were made using natural indigo dyes. Then, in the
1970s, the synthetic German indigo replaced this vat dyeing process. Today,
this has given way to naphtha based dyes. The famed and centuries old indigo
dyeing is now on the verge of extinction. As the new generation steps into
more profitable avenues the skyline of Ilkal is fast changing too. The most
profitable business in the area now is granite, states a weaver. With this
stone being available in plenty here, a number of granite selling agencies and
chimneys of granite processing units are proliferating all over. As more and
more of towns Younger citizens step into newer ventures like that of selling
stones, the loom may become a mere memory.
2.1 Complete the paragraph using one word only in each blank. 1x3=3
Ilkal, once a small town (a) ____________for its saris is fast changing
into one known for granites. (b) _____________a sari takes almost a week
and is tiresome work. The younger generation (c) _____________ granite
business to sari weaving.
13
2.2 Complete the sentences given below: 1x5=5
(a) A weavers bedroom functions as _______________.
(b) German Indigo has replaced _______________.
(c) Weaving saris on a piecemeal basis ensures that _______________.
(d) Availability of granite stone in plenty in the area has led to
(i) _______________________
(ii) _______________________
3. Read the following telephone conversation and write a message for Danny in not
more than 50 words. 5 marks
Ravi : Hello, can I speak to Danny?
Mrs. S : Danny has gone out. Im his mother speaking.
Ravi : This is Ravi, his friend.
Mrs. S : Can I take a message?
Ravi : Yes. He wanted a book from me. As I am going for a movie, he should
collect it from my sister.
Mrs. S : O.K. I will tell him that.
4. You are Menaka. You happened to go to an orphanage as a member of the Social
Service Society of your school. Write a postcard in not more than 50 words to your
father living at 8, Mansarover Park, Dehradun, on how you felt during your visit.
Copy the format of the postcard from the question paper. 5 marks
14
5. You overheard the following conversation between two friends.
Ram: Did you read the latest book of Chetan Bhagat ?
Shyam : No, I rarely get time to read.
Ram: I heard that it is going to be made into a movie.
Shyam : Then we will go and watch it together.
This dialogue made you realise that the present day generation is not into the habit of
reading. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper in about 150 - 175 words on the
joys and importance of reading, suggesting how this habit could be inculcated among
the youth. Use the following notes. 10 marks
Interesting pastime
Gives a lot of knowledge
Get the children interested in books at an early age
6. You are Mr. Solomon who loves travelling. You saw the following picture in a leading
daily. It made you wonder about the present state of tourism in India. Write an
article in 150 - 175 words on the state of tourism in India and how to promote it
further. Take ideas from the unit on Travel and Tourism. 10 marks
15
(For Blind Candidates Only)
You are Mr. Solomon. You have heard that the number of tourists visiting India is
increasing year by year. Write an article in 150 - 175 words about the prospects of
tourism in India suggesting measures to further improve this situation. Take ideas
from the unit on Travel and Tourism along with the notes given below.
good prospects country of ancient historical sites and abundant variety
mountains, rivers, beaches, deserts etc.
inexpensive destinations compared to advanced countries.
facilities of good hotels, transport to be improved.
SECTION C - (Grammar) (20 Marks)
7. Look at the notes given below and complete the paragraph that follows. Do not add
any new information. Write the answers in your answer sheet against the correct
blank numbers. 1x4=4 marks
Karnam Maheswari iron woman Indian sport - first woman Olympic
medal - wants - coach Indians - win gold medal Olympics - disappointed -
weightlifting - authorities indifference
Karnam Malleswari (a) _______________________________. She was
(b) _______________________. Her dream is (c) _________________. The
(d) _______________________ towards weightlifting disappoints her.
8. In the passage given below one word has been omitted in each line. Write the missing
word along with the word that comes before and the word that comes after it in your
answer sheet against the correct blank number. The first one has been done as an
example. x8=4 marks
Celebrities dont have privacy that an e.g. have the privacy
ordinary person. The most personal (a)
details of their lives are splashed the (b)
front pages leading dailies. Media (c)
follows them wherever they. When (d)
they try to things that normal people do, (e)
16
like eating out or watching football game, they (f)
run the risk of being interrupted thoughtless (g)
autograph hounds aggressive fans. (h)
9. Rearrange the following words and phrases to form meaningful sentences. The first
one has been done as an example. Write the answers against the correct blank
numbers in your answer sheet. 1x4=4 marks
brought up / and / born / Ustad Bismillah Khan / at Dumaraon / was
Ustad Bismillah Khan was born and brought up at Dumaraon.
(a) a taste / he / early stage/developed / for music / a very / of his life / at
(b) the honour/got / of playing Shehnai / he / at Red Fort / Independence Day / on
(c) was / and / his soul/life / led / music / a simple / he
(d) played / in the hospital/on his death-bed / he / even / his last thumri
10. Given below are instructions to make a kite. Use them to complete the paragraph
that follows. Write the answers in your answer sheet against the correct blank numbers.
Do not copy the whole sentences. 14=4 marks
Buy coloured paper
Cut it into squares
Shape thin bamboo splinters into a triangle
Make an arc at the base
Paste the paper on the thin frame
To the thin end add a tail
First of all coloured paper is bought. It (a) ___________________________.
Thin bamboo splinters (b) _____________________________. An arc is made
at the base. The paper (c) _______________________________ frame. A tail
(d) _____________________. The kite is now ready for flying.
11. Read the following conversation and complete it in any suitable way. Write the
answers in your answer sheet against the correct blank numbers. 1x4=4 marks
Sandhya : (a) _______________________________________________.
Manju : I dont think my parents will allow me to go alone to Meenus birthday
party.
17
Sandhya : I will ask my father (b) ________________________________.
Manju : But my sister is arriving from Delhi for just two days and I (c) _______
_______________________________.
Sandhya : Oh ! Is that so ? Then (d) ______________________________.
SECTION D - (Literature) (30 Marks)
12. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. Write
the answers in your answer sheet in one or two lines only. Number the answers
correctly. 3 marks
Cleave themselves into chasms, while far below
The sea-blooms and the oozy woods which wear
The sapless foliage of the ocean, know
Thy voice, and suddenly grow gray with fear,
And tremble and despoil themselves: oh, hear!
(a) What cleave themselves into chasms? 1
(b) What impact does the west wind create on the sea? 1
(c) What does sapless foliage of the ocean mean? 1
answers in your answer sheet in one or two lines only. Number the answers correctly. 3 marks
I watched the flame feeding on my mother.
I watched the holy man perform his rites
to tame the poison with an incantation.
(a) Why was the flame feeding on the mother ? 1
(b) Why were the rites performed? 1
(c) What is an incantation? 1
OR
The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew,
The furrow followed free;
We were the first that ever burst
Into that silent sea.
18
(a) Why is the sea called silent ? 1
(b) What according to the mariners was the reason for their fate? 1
(c) Which poetic device is used in these lines? 1
14. Answer the following in 50 - 75 words. 4 marks
What does the mirror tell us about itself?
OR
How does the frog again become the unrivalled king of Bingle Bog ?
15. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow in one or two
lines only. 4 marks
Now let it work. Mischief, thou art afoot,
Take thou what course thou wilt!
(a) Who set mischief afoot? How? 2
(b) Did it take the desired course? How? 2
Which image was shown by the second ghost to Scrooge?
What lesson did the sight teach him?
OR
What convinced Caesar to go to the Senate House?
Give instances from The Ultimate Safari to prove that the grandmother was a
hard-working lady and worked in a systematic manner.
OR
How did the postmaster become a changed man?
As Cutie Pie, make a diary entry on your miserable life in the glass prison.
OR
You are Babulis wife. The news of the partition has thrilled you. Make a diary entry
on your hopes and plans for the future.
19
March 2010
Marking Scheme - English Communicative
Please note that the questions are numbered in continuation from 1 to 18.
(i) Marking of the entire script should be done by one examiner. All answers in all the
scripts issued to the examiner should be marked section wise.
(ii) In the Marking Scheme, a slash (/) indicates alternative answers; any one such answer is
counted as correct.
(iii) Brackets ( ) indicate optional information; the mark is awarded whether the part in
brackets is included or not.
(iv) If a student writes an answer which is not given in the Marking Scheme but which is
equally acceptable, full marks should be awarded.
(v) Students should not be penalized if they do not follow the order of the section / question
while answering.
(vi) In questions requiring word limit please note that no marks are to be deducted for
exceeding the word limit
(vii) The Marking Scheme carries only suggested value points for the answers. These are
only guidelines and do not constitute the complete answer. The students can have their
own expression and if the expression is correct, marks should be awarded accordingly.
20
Note: Section A tests the candidates ability in reading only. Therefore no
deductions to be made for errors in spelling, grammar or punctuation.
Marks should be awarded if the answer can be clearly understood.
1. MISS JEAN TOTAL MARKS 12
Marking : 8 marks: 1 mark for each correct answer.
No penalty for spelling or grammar. Accept any other word /
phrase equivalent in meaning to the answers given below.
Answers :
a) lay his head down on the desk and slept in the class / slept in the class / lay
his head on the desk / put his head on the desk (any one) 1 mark
b) His grandfather was a military doctor/of his grandfathers achievements /of
his grand fathers fame/of his grandfathers (reflected) glory / his grandfather
was a great man (any one) 1 mark
c) knew only Tamil and Telugu / did not understand the language they
spoke / did not know English of his language problem / could not keep
pace with their reading and writing (any one) 1 mark
d) a front seat / extra writing work / work in PT period (any one) 1 mark
e) him sneaking to the window/ him looking out of the windows him watching
others playing / him(to be) distracted (any one) 1 mark
f) call him to her desk/ hug him / show him how to correct his mistakes
( any one) 1 mark
g) felt bad if any other child got more hugs / minded if any other child got
more hugs / did not like if any other child got more hugs. (any one) 1 mark
h) of her tact and patience / of her tact / of her patience (any one) 1 mark
1.2 Objectivc : To deduce the meaning of unfamiliar terms
Marking : 4 marks -1 mark for each correct answer.
21
Answers :
a) pampered 1 mark
b) beckoned 1 mark
c) possessive 1 mark
d) neglecting 1 mark
2. ILKAL TOTAL MARKS 8
2.1 Objcctive : To identify main points of a text.
Marking : 3 marks - 1 mark for each correct answer.
No penalty for spelling or grammar. Accept any other word equal
in meaning to the answer given below. Only one word in each
blank to be accepted.
Answers:
a) known / famous / popular 1 mark
b) weaving / completing / making 1 mark
c) prefers 1 mark
Marking : 5 marks - 1 mark - for each correct answer.
phrase equal in meaning to the answer given below
Answers:
a) a store room for yarn / a domain of women folk (anyone) 1 mark,
b) natural indigo dyes / vat dying process (anyone) 1 mark
c) The sari is sold / the weavers are not left with dead stock (anyone) 1 mark
d) i & ii
increase in the number of granite agencies /
increase in the number of processing units/
younger citizens joining the business (any two) 2 marks
22
SECTION - B (WRITING) 30 MARKS
3. NOTICE -INTER SCHOOL COMPETITION TOTAL MARKS 5
Objective: To use an appropriate style and format to write a notice.
Marking: Format: 2 marks Content: 3 marks
Format:
date of issue mark
heading mark
signatory mark
designation mark
Content:
cultural competition on 25th November mark
meeting of house captains
and badge holders mark
date of meeting mark
time of meeting mark
venue of meeting mark
discussion on arrangements for mark
the programme
4. POSTCARD -YOGA CLASSES TOTAL MARKS 5
Objective: To use an appropriate style and format to write a postecard.
Marking: Format - 2 marks Content - 3 marks
Format:
date mark
senders place mark
salutation & signatory mark
name and address of the addressee mark
23
Content:
Suggested Value Points
joined yoga classes mark
benefits of yoga 2 mark
- mental and physical health
- improvement in concentration
- discipline
(any other relevant point can be accepted)
5. LETTER TO THE EDITOR- CHILD LABOUR TOTAL MARKS 10
scale.
(Content - 4 Fluency - 3 Accuracy - 3)
Under content, credit should be given for the candidates creativity in
presenting his/her own ideas. However, some of the following points may be
included. Maximum of one mark is to be deductetl from total for improper
layout.
(Layout includes : senders address, date, editors address, subject,
salutation, complimentary close and senders name)
Note: Refer to the writing assessment scale
Suggested Value Points:-
account of what she has seen
long hours of work
ill treatment of children working as maids/ servants
meagre salary
stringent laws needed and to be implemented
24
6. ARTICLE- SWINE FLU TOTAL MARKS 10
Objective: To plan, organize and present ideas coherently.
scale.
(Content - 4 Fluency - 3 Accuracy - 3 )
creativity in presenting his/her own ideas. However, some of the
following points may be included.
Note: Refer to the writing assessment scale.
Suggested ValuePoints :
analysis of the graph
consulting the doctor
preventive measures
- wearing masks
- avoiding crowded places
- taking medicines
- avoiding contact with the infected
FOR BLIND CANDIDATES:
Suggested Value Points:
consulting the doctor
preventive measures
- wearing masks
- avoiding crowded places
- taking medicines
- avoiding contact with the infected
25
SECTION - C (GRAMMAR) 20 MARKS
7. GAP SUMMARY-CHEETAH TOTAL MARKS 4
Objectives: To expand notes into a meaningful piece of writing.
Answers:
a) is surprising
b) overheated
c) they are timid by nature / they have a timid nature / they are timid
d) worshipped as gods by/ worshipped by
8. EDITING - GOALS TOTAL MARKS 4
Objective: To test the accurate use of grammatical -items.
Marking: mark to be awarded for each correct answer.
Marks to be awarded only if the correct and incorrect words are
written.
Answers:
INCORRECT CORRECT
(a) for (a) to
(b) within (b) without
(c) or (c) and
(d) in (d) up
(e) is (e) are
(f) Success (f) Successful
(g) his (g) their
(h) when/made (h) about / fails
26
9. REARRANGING WORDS - RISK MANAGEMENT TOTAL MARKS 4
Objective: To test the knowledge of syntax.
Marking: 1 mark for each correct answer.
Partially correct answer is not to be accepted.
Answers:
(a) Technological changes are sweeping the world
(b) Timely measures can make everyday living secure and happy.
(c) Misfortunes may occur due to various factors. Due to various factors
misfortunes may occur.
(d) You can minimize the impact of uncertain events through risk management./
Through risk management you can minimize the impact of uncertain events.
10. GAP FILLING RELIGION AND SCIENCE TOTAL MARKS 4
Objective: To test the accurate use of grammatical items.
Marking: 4 marks - mark to be awarded for each correct answer.
Marks to be awarded only if one suitable word is written.
Answers:
(a) that
(b) in
( c) has/had
(d) from
(e ) than
(f) are
(g) most
(h) and
11. NARRATION -REJULA AND TEACHER TOTAL MARKS 4
Objective: To test the use of reported speech
27
Marking: 1 mark to be awarded for each correct answer
Answers:
(a) if/whether she could borrow a dictionary.
(b) had forgotten to bring hers.
(c) if/whether she had not reminded her the previous day/ the day before.
(d) to borrow it for that day
SECTION - D (LITERATURE) 30MARKS
General Instructions: This section is meant to test the students familiarity
with and appreciation of the set texts and not written expression. However
if the expression prevents clear communication, up to mark may be
deducted in each question.
12. POETRY - THE FROG AND THE NIGHTINGALE TOTAL MARKS 3
Objective : To test local and global understanding of the poem.
Marking : 3 marks
Answers:
(a) The Frog and the Nightingale mark
Vikram Seth mark
(b) - gets flattered by the fact that a critic of such repute had commented on
her performance
- the frog agreed to train her
- appreciation she received (anyone) 1 mark
(c) animals from far and wide came to hear her song and appreciated her/ her
song was in contrast to the crass cacophony of the frog (anyone) 1 mark
13. POETRY TOTAL MARKS 3
Objective: To test local and global understanding of the poem.
Marking : 3 marks
28
OPTION 1
THE RIME OF THE ANCIENT MARINER
Answers:
(a) Ancient Mariner / old sailor 1 mark
(b) killed the albatross / the bird 1 mark
(c) killing of the albatross(bird) will bring them great unhappiness and
sorrow 1 mark
OPTION 2
MIRROR
(a) mirror shows reality / she goes to it to see her reflection regularly (anyone) 1 mark
(b) upset to see her aging face / doesnt accept reality (any one) 1 mark
(c) lady upset / distressed / frustrated / unable to accept the harsh reality
(any one) 1 mark
Objective : To test appreciation and understanding of the poem.
Marking : 4 marks
OPTION 1
ODE TO THE WEST WIND
Value Points
personification of West Wind as destroyer and preserver
impact on land, sky and sea
poets identification with the spirit of the West Wind (any two)
OPTION 2
NIGHT OF THE SCORPION
Value points
stung by a scorpion
experiences unbearable pain for twenty hours
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on recovery, thanked God scorpion picked on her and spared her children
mother portrayed as an epitome of love, compassion and selflessness
(any two of the above mentioned value points)
15. DRAMA - A CHRISTMAS CAROL TOTAL MARKS 4
Objective : To test knowledge of theme and setting of the play.
Marking : 4 marks
Answers:
(a) seeing his business associates refusing to attend his funeral unless free
lunch provided
disturbed on seeing his dead body lying unclaimed and not mourned
thought of his unclaimed body will haunt him
(any two) 2 marks
(b) takes him to Bob Cratchits house
sight of family mourning Tiny Tims death 2 marks
16. DRAMA TOTAL MARKS 4
Objective : To test knowledge of theme and setting of the play.
Marking : 4 marks.
OPTION 1
JULIUS CAESAR
Value Points:
loved Rome more than Caesar
stated that Caesar was ambitious
asked them rhetorical questions (for e.g. Who would like to live as a slave?)
evoked their pride at being Romans
OPTION 2
A CHRISTMAS CAROL
30
Value Points:
Ebenezer Scrooge
doesnt believe in the spirit of Christmas
a stingy miser
selfish
lonely
rude
no family ties
Bob Cratchit
family man
humble
doesnt bear any ill will against his employer
happy and content
loying
has the Christmas spirit in his heart
(Any two points from both with examples)
17. FICTION TOTAL MARKS 4
Objective : To test specific and global understanding of the text
Marking : 4 marks
OPTION 1
CUTIE PIE
Value Points:
escaped from glass prison
whiskers grew back due to conducive earths atmosphere
established/made contact with mother
used his beams to neutralize the guns of hunters
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escaped in the spaceship
(Any two points to be elaborated)
OPTION 2
THE TRIBUTE
Value Points:
meek, timid, submissive towards his wifes suggestions
feels helpless, weak, pathetic
his wife indifferent to his emotions and feelings
references to butcher
(Any two points to be elaborated)
Note: Up to 2 marks may be deducted for expression
Question 18 is marked slightly differently from the other literature questions.
In this question, the student is asked to produce a piece of creative writing
based on one of the literature texts. The main aim of this question is to
assess students understanding and appreciation rather than their writing
ability, so the marks for the question are also awarded for content. However,
since this is an extcnded writing task, written expression cannot be ignored,
and therefore there is a penalty in question 18 for poor expression.
Marking : 8 marks.
maximum mark for this question. However, where a students expression is
particularly poor, up to 2 marks may be deducted out of marks obtained as
per the writing assessment scale.
Note: C - is marked for content and E - is penalty for expression.
32
OPTION I
THE LETTER
Writer- Ali
no letter from daughter
visiting post office everyday
squatted on the verandah
heard the voices of post office employees
names called out, routine work
employees made fun of him
postmaster called him mad man / pest
OPTION 2
THE ULTIMATE SAFARI
Writer- Grandmother
grandmother - only one left to look after children
fears they would become like other children
fears grandchildren might want to return
anxious about their safe and secure future
Accept any other relevant value point
Note: Section A tests the candidates ability in reading only. Therefore no
deductions to be made for errors in spelling, grammar or punctuation.
Marks should be awarded if the answer can be clearly understood.
1. MISS JEAN TOTAL MARKS 12
Marking : 8 marks: 1 mark for each correct answer.
33
phrase equivalent in meaning to the answers given below.
Answers :
a) lay his head down on the desk and slept in the class / slept in the class / lay
his head on the desk / put his head on the desk (any one) 1 mark
b) His grandfather was a military doctor/of his grandfathers achievements /of
his grand fathers fame/of his grandfathers (reflected) glory / his grandfather
was a great man (any one) 1 mark
c) knew only Tamil and Telugu / did not understand the language they
spoke / did not know English of his language problem / could not keep
pace with their reading and writing (any one) 1 mark
d) a front seat / extra writing work / work in PT period (any one) 1 mark
e) him sneaking to the window / him looking out of the windows / him watching
others playing / him(to be) distracted (any one) 1 mark
f) call him to her desk/ hug him / show him how to correct his mistakes
( any one) 1 mark
g) felt bad if any other child got more hugs / minded if any other child got
more hugs / did not like if any other child got more hugs. (any one) 1 mark
h) of her tact and patience / of her tact / of her patience (any one) 1 mark
1.2 Objectivc : To deduce the meaning of unfamiliar terms
Marking : 4 marks -1 mark for each correct answer.
Answers :
a) pampered 1 mark
b) beckoned 1 mark
c) possessive 1 mark
d) neglecting 1 mark
2. ILKAL TOTAL MARKS 8
2.1 Objcctive : To identify main points of a text.
34
Marking : 3 marks - 1 mark -for each correct answer.
No penalty for spelling or grammar. Accept any other world equal
in meaning to the answer given below. Only one word in each
blank to be accepted.
Answers:
a) known / famous / popular 1 mark
b) weaving / completing / making 1 mark
c) prefers 1 mark
Marking : 5 marks - 1 mark - for each correct answer.
phrase equal in meaning to the answer given below
Answers:
a) a store room for yarn / a domain of women folk (anyone) 1 mark,
b) natural indigo dyes / vat dying process (anyone) 1 mark
c) The sari is sold/the weavers are not left with dead stock (anyone) 1 mark
d) i & ii
increase in the number of granite agencies /
increase in the number of processing units/
younger citizens joining the business (any two) 2 marks
SECTION B - WRITING TOTAL MARKS 30
3. MESSAGE - MRS S TO DANNY TOTAL MARKS 5
Objectives: To use an appropriate style and format to write a message
To decode information from one text form to another
Marking : Format - 2 marks Content - 3 marks
Format: From Mrs. S / Mother 1 mark
To Danny 1 mark
35
Content:
Ravi called 1 mark
Danny wants a book from Ravi 1 mark
Ravi out for a movie mark
collect book from his sister mark
4. POST CARD SOCIAL SERVICE SOCIETY TOTAL MARKS 5
Objective: To use an appropriate style and format to write a postcard.
Marking: 5 marks
Format: 2 marks
senders place & date 1 mark
salutation and complimentary clause mark
receivers name & address mark
Content: 3 marks
details of visit to orphanage 1 mark
feelings 1 mark
5. LETTER TO THE EDITOR - READING HABIT TOTAL MARKS 10
scale.
(Content - 4 Fluency - 3 Accuracy - 3 )
Maximum of one mark is to be deducted from total for improper
layout.
(Layout includes: Senders address, date, editors address,
subject, salutation, complimentary close and senders name)
Under content credit should be given for the candidates
creativity. However some of the following points may be included.
Any other relevant point can be accepted.
36
Content:
Suggested Value points:
Importance of Reading
relaxes the mind
reading an interesting pastime
imparts knowledge
enhances creativity and imagination
How to inculcate reading habit
get the children interested in books at an early age
story telling by teachers and parents
(accept any other relevant point)
6. ARTICLE PROMOTING TOURISM TOTAL MARKS 10
Objective : To plan, organize and present ideas coherently.
Marking : Marking should be in accordance with the writing assessment
scale.
(Content-4 Fluency-3Accuracy - 3 )
Layout : 1 mark may be deducted if layout is incorrect.
(Layout includes title and name of the writer)
creativity in presenting his/her own ideas. However, some of the
following points may be included. Any other relevant point can
be accepted.
State of Tourism (any two points)
poor infrastructure and connectivity
inadequate boarding and lodging, not catering to all levels of society
dismal state of security and safety
(any other relevant point)
37
Promotion of Tourism (any two points)
maintaining and improving heritage sites
more aggressive marketing
using media
prospects of tourism
comparison with other advanced countries
need to improve infrastructure ( hotels, transport etc)
Promotion of Tourism
maintaining and improving heritage sites
more aggressive marketing
using media
SECTION C - GRAMMAR TOTAL MARKS 20
7. GAP SUMMARY - KARNAM MALLESWARI TOTAL MARKS 4
Objectives: To expand notes into a meaningful piece of writing.
Marking: 1 mark to be awarded for each correct answer.
Answers:
a) is known as the iron woman of Indian sport / is the iron woman of Indian
sport / is referred to as the iron woman of Indian sport / is called the iron
woman of Indian sport
b) the first (Indian )woman to win an Olympic medal/the first sports woman
from India to win an Olympic medal/the first (Indian) woman to have won an
Olympic medal/the first woman from India to win an Olympic medal
38
c) to coach Indians to win gold medals in the Olympics / to give coaching to
Indians to enable them to win gold medals in the Olympics / to give coaching
to Indians so that they win gold medals in the Olympics
d) authorities indifference / indifference of the authorities / sports authorities
indifference / Indian authorities indifference / the indifferent attitude / approach
of the authorities
Accept any other appropriate and grammatically correct answers.
8. OMISSION - CELEBRITIES TOTAL MARKS 4
Objective: To use grammatical items accurately and appropriately
Marking: mark to be awarded to each correct answer. For the marks to
be awarded, the word before and after the missing word should
be written. The correct word should be underlined.
Answers:
a) person has. The
b) splashed on the
c) pages of leading
d) they go. When
e) to do things
f) watching a football
g) interrupted by thoughtless
h) hounds and / or aggressive
9. REARRANGING WORDS - USTAD BISMILLAH KHAN TOTAL MARKS 4
Objective: To test knowledge of syntax.
Marking: 1 mark for each correct answer. Partially correct answer is not
to be accepted.
Answers:
a) He developed a taste for music at a very early stage of his life./ At a very early
stage of his life he developed a taste for music.
b) He got the honour of playing Shehnai at Red Fort on Independence Day. / On
Independence Day he got the honour of playing Shehnai at Red Fort.
39
c) He led a simple life and music was his soul.
d) Even on his death-bed in the hospital he played his last thumri. / He played
his last thumri even on his death- bed in the hospital.
10. VOICE- MAKING KITES TOTAL MARKS 4
Objective: To transform sentences (Voice)
Answers:
a) is cut into squares
b) are shaped into a triangle
c) is pasted on the thin
d) is added to the thin end
11. DIALOGUE - MEENUS BIRTHDAY PARTY TOTAL MARKS 4
Objective: To complete the given dialogue with grammatically correct
sentences by referring to the conversation.
Suggested Answers:
a) Will you be coming to Meenu s birthday party? / Are you coming to Meenus
birthday party? / I hope you are coming to Meenu s birthday party
b) to drop us / to escort us/ to take us/ to speak to your parents / to request your
parents to allow you
c) want to be with her / might not get permission
d) I will go alone / I will miss you
(Accept any other relevant and grammatically correct answer)
SECTION - D LITERATURE TOTAL MARKS 30
General Instructions : This section is meant to test the students familiarity
with and appreciation of the set texts and not written expression. However
if the expression prevents clear communication, upto mark may be
deducted in each question.
40
12. POETRY ODE TO THE WEST WIND TOTAL MARKS 3
Marking: 3 marks
Answers:
a) The Atlantic Ocean/ The ocean/ The waves of the Atlantic Ocean/ The water
of the Atlantic Ocean (anyone) 1 mark
b) awakens the Mediterranean Sea/ cleaves the Atlantic Ocean into chasms /
ocean plants grow gray with fear/ tremble and despoil themselves
(anyone) 1 mark
c) water plants or sea plants without sap / Sea plants which have dry, leathery
stalks (anyone) 1 mark
Marking: 3 marks
OPTION 1 - NIGHT OF THE SCORPION
Answers:
a) to burn the infected area / to reduce( to neutralise) the impact of poison / to
clean the infected area (any one) 1 mark
b) to tame (to neutralize) the poison / to prevent it from spreading / to save the
life of the mother. ( anyone) 1 mark
c) chanting or words used in prayer / magic spell / invocation (anyone) 1 mark
OPTION 2- THE RIME OF THE ANCIENT MARINER
Answers:
a) It was still/ not moving/ no breeze 1 mark
b) killing of Albatross 1 mark
c) alliteration 1 mark
Objective: To test appreciation and understanding of the poem.
Marking: 4 marks
41
OPTION 1- MIRROR
Value Points:
truthful/exact /precise/ has no misconceptions
silver /unbiased/unmisted by love or dislike/not cruel/reflects faithfully/no
preconceptions
(Any four points)
OPTION II - THE FROG AND THE NIGHTINGALE
Value Points:
causing her death
by cunningly and cruelly exploiting the nightingale / by making her practice in the rain
/ by pressurizing her / by demoralizing her / by making her practice too hard
(any four points)
15. DRAMA - JULIUS CAESAR TOTAL MARKS 4
Objective: To test knowledge of theme and setting of the play.
Marking: 4 marks
Answers:
a) Antony / Mark Antony mark
instigating people / oratory skills / provokes them to revenge/ appeals to their
emotions and greed ( reference to the will) ( any two) 1 marks
b) Yes. mark
public convinced / turned into mob / provoked to mutiny / turned against
conspirators / wanted to bum their houses (any two) 1 marks
16. DRAMA TOT AL MARKS 4
Objective: To test understanding of theme and the setting of the play
Marking: 4 marks
OPTION 1: A CHRISTMAS CAROL
Value Points:
image of the Present / church scene / crew with the Captain/ Cratchits house
(any two) 2 marks
42
realized his shortcomings / learnt to be kind / contented / learnt the importance
of family ties / started believing in the spirit of Christmas
(any two) 2 marks
OPTION II: JULIUS CAESAR
Value Points:
Decius s favourable interpretation of the dream / ego pampered
lure of crown / the senate might change their mind
fear of being called a coward / ego hurt
(any two)
Objective: To test understanding of text
Marking: 4 marks
OPTION 1: THE ULTIMATE SAFARI
Value points:
Hard working
carried load / baby through the Kruger park / picked up a job / worked as a labourer
/ took care of her grandchildren (any two) 2 marks
Systematic
covered the books / bought black school shoes and polish / ensured whether shoes
were polished/ made grandchildren complete school work during the day time
(any two) 2 marks
OPTION II: THE LETTER
Value points:
experienced similar situation as Ali when his own daughter fell sick/waiting for his
daughters letter/ had empathy with Ali s plight (any two points with suitable
instances) 4 marks
Marking: 8 marks
43
Up to 2 marks may be deducted for expression
Question 18, however, is marked slightly differently from the other literature
questions. In this question the student is asked to produce a piece of creative
writing based on one of the literature texts .The main aim of this question is
to assess students understanding and appreciation rather than their writing
ability, so the marks for the question are also awarded for content. However,
since this is an extended writing task, written expression cannot be ignored,
and therefore there is a penalty in question 18 for poor expression.
maximum mark for this question. However, where a students expression is
particularly poor, up to 2 marks may be deducted out of marks obtained as
per the Writing Assessment Scale.
Note: No penalty for exceeding word limit.
C - is marked for content and E - is penalty for expression.
OPTION I : CUTIE PIE
Writer - Cutie Pie
kept in a glass prison
hostile environment
loss of whiskers and feathers
no communication with his planet
lonely and desperate
unsuitable food
under public glare
experimented upon
( any four points)
Any other relevant point
44
OPTION II : THE TRIBUTE
Writer - Babuli s wife
getting money by selling of share of land
improving economic and social status
planning to buy scooter, fridge, jewellery
saving for future
(any four points)
Any other relevant point
45
SECTION A (Reading) (20 Marks)
ENGLISH (Language and Literature)
(i) This paper consists of four Sections.
Section A Reading 20 marks
Section B Writing 20 marks
Section C Grammar 15 marks
Section D Text Books 45 marks
(ii) All questions are compulsory.
(iii) Marks are indicated against each question.
1. The exchange of greetings among people is very common. The most popular
medium for this is the greetings card. It is usually sent by post. It is an illustrated
message that expresses friendship, love, affection, goodwill, gratitude or some
similar sentiment. Greeting cards are also sent to convey congratulations,
thanks or get-well messages.
2. The practice of exchanging these cards between friends is an ancient one.
The ancient Egyptians celebrated New Year by giving each other symbolic
presents like scent bottles and mud tablets with the inscription Good luck to
you. In ancient Rome, the medium of expression was a branch of an olive
tree. Their leaves were coated with gold.
3. The practice of sending greetings for the New Year continued in Europe through
the early days of the millennium. Then came the printing press. With its
commercial use by 18th and 19th centuries, the exchange of New Year cards
by merchants and tradesmen became very ordinary and uninteresting. Postal
stamps and envelopes were introduced in 1840. They made the process of
sending or passing the greetings from one person or place to another very
convenient. The modern day greetings card became definite and clear in 1843
when the first Christmas card with seasons greetings was designed in Britain.
The commercial production of greeting cards became fully established by
1860.
46
4. There are several means of conveying greetings but the public post remains
the most popular. In the modern times technology has greatly developed.
There is almost a revolution in the field of communication. With the availability
of this technology electronic mail is also being increasingly used for sending
greetings.
5. In India, the practice of sending greeting cards was begun by the British. This
practice still continues. We send greeting cards on occasions like New Year,
Christmas, Diwali, Pongal, Durga Puja, Baisakhi, Bihu and other regional
festivals.
Answer the following questions briefly:
(a) Why do the people send greeting cards? 2
(b) What symbolic presents did the Egyptians send on the eve of New Year? 2
(c) How did the ancient Romans convey their greetings? 1
(d) What effect did the printing press bring on the exchange of New Year cards? 2
(e) What changes were brought about with the introduction of postal stamps and
envelopes? 1
(f) Who introduced this practice in India? 1
(g) Find out from the passage the adverb form of the words given below: 2
(i) usual (Para 1)
(ii) great (Para 4)
(h) Find out from the passage the word which means the same as the following: 1
sense of being thankful for forever (Para 1)
A little girl was fond of asking new questions day after day. One day she asked her
mother, Mummy, which one is good - an apple or a pear, a rose or a jasmine, a ball
or a doll ?
The mother answered her questions easily but this time she was confused. How
could she definitely say that one thing was good and the other was not? However
she evaded the answer somehow.
But after a few days the little girl posed another question, Mummy, is a story good
or a song ?
47
This time the mother was well prepared and told the little girl that she would ask her
a question first to which she should give a thoughtful reply. The mother then asked,
Tell me, is the sun good or the sky?
The little girl thought and thought but could not find the right answer. She looked at
the sky and then at the sun. It was indeed very difficult for her to decide in favour of
either of the two since both were stunningly beautiful. Besides both were so close
and inseparable.
The little girl now understood the point. Thereafter she never asked which one was
good - this or that. Now she began to ask, What is good in stories? What is good
in songs? And the mother answered her questions happily.
(a) What was the little girl fond of? 1
(b) Why did the little girls question confuse the mother? 2
(c) How did the mother solve the problem? 1
(d) Why could the girl not decide in favour of either the sun or the sky? 2
(e) What did she understand now? How did she change herself? 2
3. You are Pulkit / Prachi, a resident of 221, Pocket V, Mayur Vihar, New Delhi. Your
elder sister has suddenly fallen ill just before a competitive examination. Write a
letter to your father who is away on a business tour to Mumbai, informing him about
her condition. Also ask him to return as early as possible. 8 marks
OR
You recently visited a government hospital. You were shocked to see the poor state
of sanitation. Write a letter to the Director of Health Services requesting him to pay
urgent attention to this situation and take remedial measures. You are Lokesh/Lalita,
D-76, Anandpur, Delhi.
4. Physical punishment is given to students in various ways all over the country.
This practice is very undesirable. Punishment is sometimes so harsh that it almost
amounts to cruelty. Write an article, in about 80 words, on this bad practice and
how it should be totally banned. You are Yash/Yashika. 8 marks
OR
Smoking is the greatest cause of death in the world. Still the people do not give it up.
48
Taking ideas from the hints given below, write a paragraph in about 80 words on the
topic, Smoking is injurious to health and how to control it.
greatest killer: causes deadly diseases such as cancer, bronchitis. heart attack
etc. - shortens 1ife - starts just for fun or for exploring new things ends up in
addiction requires strong will power exposure to spiritual practices
effective laws
5. You are Ambika/ Ajay, a reporter. On your visit to countryside you saw the students
celebrating Teachers Day in a very simple but noble manner by garlanding their
teachers, applying sandlewood paste to their foreheads, presenting simple sweets
purchased with their petty collection and displaying cultural items. Write a report in
about 60 words for your paper. 4 marks
OR
You are a reporter. On Diwali you visited the city and saw certain incidents of minor
fire. You took the notes which are given below. Using the information write a report
in about 60 words.
minor fire - incidents in the capital- Diwali - seven incidents due to fire crackers
- putting out the fire - a dozen fire tenders - deployed -fire extinguished - police
alertness seen
6. The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each line. Write
the incorrect word and the correction in your answer sheet as given below against
the correct blank number. Remember to underline the word that you have
supplied. x6=3 marks
Summers in Delhi are extreme hot. e.g. extreme - extremely
Hot dry winds, know as loo (a)
blow over a capital. Monsoon (b)
showers of the month of July (c)
and August makes the city look (d)
green or beautiful. Delhi is (e)
full of historically importance buildings. (f)
49
7. Fil1 in the fol1owing blanks with suitable non-finites: x4=2 marks
A bank employee was sent to jail for (a) _________________ (deceive) the bank
customers. He used (b) _________ (transfer) money from their accounts into his
wifes account. Soon after (c) _________ (discover) his fraud, the bank dismissed
him immediately. (d) _____________ (hold) him guilty the judge also sentenced
him to three years jail.
8. Read the dialogue and complete the passage given below. Write the correct answers
in your answer sheet against the correct blank numbers. Do not copy the whole
Umang : Parnika, will you go to the school fete tomorrow?
Parnika : Yes, if you and Aanya go there.
Umang : What will you wear?
Parnika : Blue jeans and orange top.
Umang asked Parnika (a) __________________ the day after. Parnika replied
that she would go in case (b)______________________. Umang then enquired (c)
_____________. Parnika told her that she would wear blue jeans and orange top.
in your answer sheet. Remember to number the answers correctly. 1x2=2 marks.
Example:
is / Tamil / Rajni Kanth / actor / famous / a
Rajni Kanth is a famous Tamil actor.
(a) on / was / December 12, / he / 1950 / born
(b) Padma Bhushan / for his / he / cinema / the Indian / received / to / contribution
10. Look at the sentences given below and complete the paragraph that follows.
Write the correct answers in your answer sheet against the correct blank numbers.
Do not copy the whole sentences. 1x3=3 marks
(a) Avoid all kinds of sweets.
(b) Body absorbs sugar very quickly.
(c) It increases energy only for the time being.
50
Taking sugar is not the best way to increase energy. According to experts all kinds
of sweets (a) __________________. Sugar (b) ____________ very quickly and
energy (c) ___________ only for the time being.
11. The underlined words in the following passage have been used inappropriately.
Replace them with their appropriate forms. Write the answers in your answer-
sheet against the correct numbers. Do not copy the whole passage. x4=2 marks
Hardev Singh got an award for his (a) contribute to the welfare of the aged. He had
gone into (b) depress 10 years ago after the death of his wife. He started visiting
senior citizens in his (c) neighbour. He visited them to enquire if they were in any (d)
difficult. It helped him come out of his own depression.
SECTION D (Text Books) (45 Marks)
12. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow. Write the answers
in your answer sheet in one or two lines only. Remember to number the answers
correctly. 5 marks
The class roared. I had to laugh too, though Id nearly exhausted my ingenuity on
the topic of chatterboxes. It was time to come up with something else, something
original. My friend, Sanne, whos good at poetry, offered to help me write the essay
from beginning to end in verse and I jumped for joy. Mr. Keesing was trying to play
a joke on me with this ridiculous subject, but Id make sure the joke was on him.
(a) Why did the class laugh heartily? 1
(b) What did Anne decide to do this time? 1
(c) What was the help offered by her friend? 1
(d) How did Keesing try to play a joke on Anne? 1
(e) Pick out a word from the passage which is adjective form of ridicule. 1
correctly. 5 marks
The baker made his musical entry on the scene with the jhang, jhang sound of his specially made
bamboo staff. One hand supported the basket on his head and the other banged the bamboo on the
ground. He would greet the lady of the house with Good morning and then place his basket on the
vertical bamboo. We kids would be pushed aside with a mild rebuke and the loaves would be
delivered to the servant.
51
(a) How did the baker announce his arrival? 1
(b) What did he carry with him? 1
(c) What would be his first act after his arrival on the scene? 1
(d) Why were the children pushed aside? 1
(e) Which word in the passage means the same as an expression of disapproval /
scolding ? 1
14. Answer the following question in about 80 words. 6 marks
What did the pilot of the Dakota encounter 150 kilometers away from Paris?
Recount his experience inside the black clouds.
Or
Why do you think Kisa Gotami understood the reality the second time? In what way
did the Buddha change her understanding?
15. Answer the following question in 30-40 words. 4 marks
Who is Lomov ? Why does he visit Chubukov ?
Or
Is Natalya really a love-sick cat as called by her father? If it is so, why does she
quarrel with Lomov ?
answers in your answer sheet. Remember to number the answers correctly. 4 marks
Belinda lived in a little white house,
With a little black kitten and a little grey mouse,
And a little yellow dog and a little red wagon,
And a realio, trulio, little pet dragon.
(a) Who is the mistress of the house? 1
(b) How many pets does she have? 1
(c) Kitten, mouse and dog are enemies to each other. What effect do you
think they create here? 1
(d) What is the rhyme scheme in the stanza? 1
52
Or
What is the boy now, who has lost his ball,
What, what is he to do? I saw it go
Merrily bouncing, down the street, and then
Merrily over - there it is in the water!
(a) What is the boy doing? 1
(b) What has happened to the ball ? 1
(c) What is the state of boys mind? 2
17. Answer any two of the following questions in 30-40 words each on the basis of the
lines given below: 6 marks
(a) I think I know enough of hate .....
What does the poet mean by knowing enough of hate? 3
(b) The silence is golden, the freedom is sweet
Why does Amanda say so ? 3
(c) Not one is respectable or unhappy
Over the whole earth.
Who is the poet talking about? What is their state of mind ? 3
18. Answer the following question in 80-100 words: 8 marks
God created this world but teachers create human beings. How does Bholis teacher
succeed in changing the course of her life?
Or
Ausable has the ability to think quickly, act calmly and wisely in a situation of danger
and surprise. Do you agree? Support your answer from the story that you have
read.
How did Hari Singh realize that Anil knew that his money had been stolen?
Or
Why did Richard Ebright give up tagging butterflies?
53
Why did Matilda not like to visit her friend Mme. Forestier ?
Or
How does Think-Tank compare the Martians with the people of the Earth?
1 The exchange of greetings among people is very common. The most popular
medium for this is the greetings card. It is usually sent by post. It is an illustrated
message that expresses friendship, love, affection, goodwill, gratitude or some
similar sentiment. Greeting cards are also sent to convey congratulations,
thanks or get-well messages.
2 The practice of exchanging these cards between friends is an ancient one.
The ancient Egyptians celebrated New Year by giving each other symbolic
presents like scent bottles and mud tablets with the inscription Good luck to
you. In ancient Rome, the medium of expression was a branch of an Olive
tree. Their leaves were coated with gold.
3 The practice of sending greetings for the New Year continued in Europe through
the early days of the millennium. Then came the printing press. With its
commercial use by 18th and 19th centuries, the exchange of New Year cards
by merchants and tradesmen became very ordinary and uninteresting. Postal
stamps and envelopes were introduced in 1840. They made the process of
sending or passing the greetings from one person or place to another very
convenient. The modern day greetings card became definite and clear. in 1843
when the first Christmas card with seasons greetings was designed in Britain.
The commercial production of greeting cards became fully established by
1860.
4 There are several means of conveying greetings but the public post remains
the most popular. In the modern times technology has greatly developed.
There is almost a revolution in the field of communication. With the availability
of this technology electronic mail is also being increasingly used for sending
greetings.
5 In India, the practice of sending greeting cards was begun by the British. This
practice still continues. We send greeting cards on occasions like New Year,
54
Christmas, Diwali, Pongal, Durga Puja, Baisakhi, Bihu and other regional
festivals. (309 words)
Answer the following questions briefly:
(a) Why do the people send greeting cards? 2
(b) What symbolic presents did the Egyptians send on the eve of New Year? 2
(c) How did the ancient Romans convey their greetings? 1
(d) What effect did the printing press bring on the exchange of New Year cards? 2
(e) What changes were brought with the introduction of postal stamps and enve-
lopes? 1
(f) Who introduced this practice in India? 1
(g) Find out from the passage the adverb form of the words given below: 2
(i) usual (Para 1)
(ii) great (Para 4)
(h) Find out from the passage the word which means the same as the following: 1
sense of being thankful forever (Para 1)
A little girl was fond of asking new questions day after day. One day she
asked her mother, Mummy, which one is good - an apple or a pear, a rose or a
jasmine, a ball or a doll ?
The mother answered her questions easily but this time she was confused.
How could she definitely say that one thing was good and the other was not? However
she evaded the answer somehow.
But after a few days the little girl posed another question. Mummy, is a story
good or a song ?
This time the mother was well prepared and told the little girl that she would
ask her a question first to which she should give a thoughtful reply. The mother then
asked, Tell me, is the sun good or the sky?
The little girl thought and thought but could not find the right answer. She
looked at the sky and then at the sun. It was indeed very difficult for her to decide in
favour of either of the two since both were stunningly beautiful. Besides both were
so close and inseparable.
55
The little girl now understood the point. Thereafter she never asked which
one was good - this or that. Now she began to ask, What is good in stories ? What
is good in songs ? And the mother answered her questions happily.
(a) What was the little girl fond of ? 1
(b) Why did the little girls question confuse the mother ? 2
(c) How did the mother solve the problem ? 1
(d) Why could the girl not decide in favour of either the sun or the sky ? 2
(e) What did she understand now ? How did she change herself ? 2
3. You are Uma / Umesh, living at 131, G.D.A. Flats, Kaushambi, Ghaziabad. You
have been selected for a national level team of basketball. Expressing your happiness,
write a letter to your father who is away on an official duty at Ahmedabad. Also
inform him that you have to undergo a training for six months. 8 marks
OR
One or two dustbins provided to your colony are not sufficient for the needs of its
residents. They always remain filled to the brim. Most of the garbage therefore
remains scattered on the main road emitting unbearable foul smell and creating highly
insanitary conditions. Write a letter to the Municipal Commissioner asking him to
take urgent necessary action in the matter. You are Mudit / Mudita of 79, Pandav
Nagar, Delhi.
4. You went to visit a famous tourist spot alongwith your family during holidays. You
found the place littered with plastic plates, broken bottles, leftover food etc. Write
an article in about 80 words for a newspaper, expressing your views and suggesting
some do's and donts so that people may inculcate good civic habits. You are
Anuradha /Ashish. 8 marks
OR
Many students feel very happy when they pass out of their schools and step into
colleges. Write a paragraph in about 80 words bringing out the difference between
school and college life. Make use of the hints given below.
two different worlds - schools having fixed routine, dress code, prayer assembly,
loads of homework, teacher supervision, discipline - college having freedom, no
compulsions of school life - more fun and frolic for some, period of responsibility.
56
5. Doctors Day was celebrated in your colony on July 1st, in the memory of Bharat
Ratna, Dr. B.C. Roy. Mentioning various activities such as blood donation, lectures
on health and hygiene etc. by eminent doctors, write a report in about 60 words.
You are Amrit / Amrita, Secretary of the Health Club of Samachar Apartments,
Delhi. 4 marks
OR
You are Ritu / Rakesh, a reporter. You came to know about a quarrel which led to
the death of a man. You visited the spot and noted the following points. Using the
given information write a report in about 60 words for your paper.
man - 25 years - lost life - argument with a neighbour - children picked a quarrel -
incident - Tuesday - 8 p.m. - victim worker in a welding shop - from work - returned
home
6. The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each line. Write the
incorrect word and the correction in your answer sheet as given below against the
correct blank number. Remember to underline the word that you have supplied. x6=3 marks
Chandni is the small tree. It e.g. the a
can be spotted almost nowhere in (a)
the city. It small tree is also (b)
call Jasmine. It grows up to (c)
around two meter in height. (d)
The trunk in the tree is thick, (e)
crooked and leggy. The dark green
leaves are find in opposite pairs. (f)
7. Fill in the following blanks with suitable non-finites: x4=2 marks
On the information (a) _______________ (provide) by an unknown person, the
police arrested three men for (b) _______________ (steal) medicines from a
godown. They were interrogated. They disclosed that after (c) __________
(commit) the theft, they used (d) ___________ (sell) the medicines at cheap rates
in the grey market.
57
8. Read the dialogue and complete the passage given below. Write the correct answers
in your answer sheet against the correct blank numbers. Do not copy the whole
Mother: Why are you looking so disturbed today?
Shilpi : Ive got a big test on Friday, and Im very nervous about it.
Mother wanted to know from her daughter, Shilpi (a) __________
that day. Shilpi told her (b) ______________ on Friday and (c) _____________
about that.
in your answer sheet. Remember to number the answers correctly. 1x2=2 marks
Example :
national/the / tiger / animal/the majestic / is / of India
The majestic tiger is the national animal of India.
(a) tiger / member / cat family / the / is / the largest / of
(b) and beauty / people / the tiger / admire / for / its strength
10. Look at the sentences given below and complete the paragraph that follows.
Write the correct answers in your answer sheet against the correct blank numbers.
Do not copy the whole sentences. 1x3=3 marks
(a) Short brisk exercise increases the blood circulation in the body.
(b) It makes you feel more alert.
(c) Better circulation of blood improves headache and fatigue.
Doing exercise is good for both the young and the old. The blood circulation
in the body (a) ________________________ by short brisk exercise and you (b)
_________________ more alert by it. Headache and fatigue (c) ____________
by better circulation of blood.
11. The underlined words in the following passage have been used inappropriately.
Replace them with their appropriate forms. Write the answers in your answer
sheet against the correct numbers. Do not copy the whole passage. x4=2 marks
58
The crime branch of Delhi Police (a) recent arrested four persons for their (b)
involve in seventeen cases of theft. They had (c) stole goods worth more than one
crore. Their (d) interrogate led the police to a man whom they had sold the looted
jewellery.
SECTION D (Text Books) (45 Marks)
correctly. 5 marks
Kisa Gotami had an only son, and he died. In her grief she carried the dead
child to all her neighbours, asking them for medicine, and the people said, She has
lost her senses. The boy is dead.
At length, Kisa Gotami met a man who replied to her request, I cannot give
the medicine for thy child, but I know a physician who can.
And the girl said, Pray tell me, sir; who is it ? And the man replied, Go to
Salyamuni, the Buddha.
(a) What was Kisa Gotamis grief? 1
(b) What did she do in her grief? 1
(c) How did the people react ? 1
(d) Which physician is referred to by the man? 1
(e) Which phrase in the passage means the same as at last ? 1
correctly. 5 marks
Goodness! Wasnt there anything she could do? If only she could tell Wanda
she hadnt meant to hurt her feelings. She turned around and stole a glance at Peggy,
but Peggy did not look up. She seemed to be studying hard. Well, whether Peggy
felt badly or not, she, Maddie, had to do something. She had to find Wanda Petronski.
Maybe she had not yet moved away.
(a) Who is she ? 1
(b) Had she hurt Wandas feelings? What did she wish to tell her? 2
(c) What did she decide to do ? 1
(d) Which word in the passage is the adverb form of bad ? 1
59
14. Answer the following question in about 80 words: 6 marks
Why did the Seagulls father and mother threaten him and persuade him to fly ?
How did they do it ?
OR
Why was the Bakers furnace essential in a traditional Goan village?
15. Answer the following question in 30 - 40 words: 4 marks
How does Natalya react when she comes to know that Lomov had come to propose
for her hand?
OR
What makes Chubukov misunderstand the purpose of Lomovs visit?
answers in your answer sheet. Remember to number the answers correctly. 4 marks
If ever you should go by chance
To jungles in the east;
And if there should to you advance
A large and tawny beast,
If he roars at you as youre dyin
Youll know it is the Asian Lion ...
(a) Where is the Asian Lion found? 1
(b) What are its characteristic qualities which enable you to identify it ? 2
(c) What effect does it leave on you? 1
OR
I sit inside, doors open to the veranda
writing long letters
in which I scarcely mention the departure
of the forest from the house.
(a) Who is I ? 1
(b) What is he doing? 1
(c) Where are the trees in the poem? 2
60
17. Answer any two of the following questions in 30 - 40 words each, on the basis of
the lines given below: 6 marks
(a) But Custard cried for a nice safe cage.
Who is Custard? Why did he cry for a nice safe cage ? 3
(b) An ultimate shaking grief fixes the boy
Who is the boy? What is his state of mind? Why is he in such a state of mind? 3
(c) They do not make me sick discussing their duty to God
Who are they ? What makes him sick? 3
What kind of person is Matilda Loisel? Support your answer giving examples from
the story, The Necklace.
OR
How did Griffins invisibility come to his help whenever he found himself in trouble?
Give examples from the text in support of your answer.
How did lunch become a ceremonial occasion for Mr. Herriot and his partners ?
OR
What did Ausable tell Max when he heard the knock? Why did he tell him so ?
How was the hack driver recognized?
OR
What other interests besides science did Richard Ebright pursue?
61
Strictly confidential (For Internal and Restricted Use Only)
March 2010
Marking Scheme English Language and Literature
marking. The answers given in the Marking Scheme are suggested answers. The
content is thus indicative. If a student has given any other answer, which is different
from the one given in the Marking Scheme, but conveys the meaning, such answers
should be given full weightage.
2. Evaluation is to be done as per instructions provided in the Marking Scheme. It
should not be done according to ones own interpretation or any other consideration.
3. If the question has parts, please award marks in the right hand side for each part.
Marks awarded to the different parts of the question should then be totalled up and
4. If a question does not have any parts, marks will be awarded in the left-hand
margin.
5. If the candidate has attempted any extra question or part, marks obtained in the
best question/part should be retained and the other answer should be scored out.
6. In the Marking Scheme, a slash (/) indicates alternative answers: any one such
answer is counted as correct.
7. Brackets ( ) indicate optional information ; the mark is awarded whether the part in
brackets is included or not.
8. Students should not be penalised if they do not follow the order of the section /
question while answering.
9. In questions requiring word limit, no marks are to be deducted for exceeding the
word limit.
10. Q.1, Q.2, Q.12, Q.13 and Q.16 are meant to test the comprehension ability of the
candidates and not the ability of expression. Full credit should be given for the
correct value point, even if the answer is not given in a full sentence.
62
SECTION A (Reading ) 20 Marks
1. Objectives: To identify the main points of the text and to deduce the meaning of
unfamiliar lexical items.
Marking: 1 mark for each correct value point. No penalty for errors in spelling,
grammar or punctuation. Accept any other answer similar in meaning to the answers
given below.
(a) To express friendship, love, affection, good will, congratulations, thanks or
get well messages. (any four) 2
(b) Scent bottles and mud tablets (with the inscription good luck to you). 1+1 = 2
(c ) by a branch of the Olive tree 1
(d) became very ordinary and uninteresting 1+1 = 2
(e) sending greeting cards became convenient 1
(f) British 1
(g) (i) usually 1
(ii) greatly 1
(h) gratitude 1
12 marks
2. Objectives: To identify the main points of the text and to deduce the meaning of
11. In questions consisting of 3 or more than 3 marks, break-up of marks should be
shown separately (as suggested in the Marking Scheme) and then totalled.
12. Some of the questions may relate to higher order thinking ability/skills (HOTS).
These questions have been indicated separately by putting * on the question number.
These questions are to be evaluated carefully and the students understanding/
analytical ability may be judged.
63
given below.
(a) asking new questions 1
(b) could not decide, which was good and which was not?
OR
could not definitely say, one thing was good and the other was not. 2
*(c) put the same type of questions to the daughter/asked whether the sun was
good or the sky 1
(d) - both were beautiful. 1+1 = 2
- close and inseparable
(e) - difficult to tell which one object was good 1+1 = 2
- changed the pattern of asking questions / what was good in one object 8 marks
SECTION B (Writing ) 20 Marks
3. Letter Writing
Objectives : To use an appropriate style and format to write a letter of complaint,
- to plan, organize and present ideas coherently
Marking: Marking should be in accordance with the following writing assessment
scale
- Format/Layout : 2 marks
- Content : 3 marks
- Expression : 3 marks
* Grammatical accuracy, appropriate words and spellings (1 )
* Coherence and relevance of ideas and style (1 )
Format/Layout: - layout includes senders address, date, designation and address
of addressee, subject, salutation, complimentary close etc according to requirement.
Under content, credit should be given for the candidates creativity in presenting his/
her own ideas.
64
Note: - No mark is to be awarded if the content in not given.
- Use of both the traditional and the new format is permitted.
However mixing of the two is NOT acceptable 8 marks
Value points both for option I (informal letter) and option II (formal letter) are provided
in the question paper itself.
4. Article/ Paragraph
Objective: To use an appropriate style to write article, a paragraph etc. expressing
your opinion.
- To plan, organize and present ideas coherently.
- To present an argument
Marking : (Article) Option I Marking should be in accordance with the following
writing assessment scale
- Format (Title/Heading ; name) : 1 mark
- content : 4 marks
*Grammatical accuracy, appropriate words and spellings (1 )
*Coherence and relevance of ideas and style (1 )
- Under content, credit should be given for the candidates Creativity in
presenting his/her own ideas.
- Value points given below are suggestive only. Any other relevant point given
by the student may be accepted.
Article - Value points :
- Various methods of physical punishment punishing with a cane, beating etc
- Undesirable practice causes loss of self respect/esteem, cause of truancy,
dropping out of school etc
- act of cruelty
- to be banned totally severe action to be taken
OR 8 marks
65
Marking : ( Paragraph) Option II Marking should be in accordance with the
following writing assessment scale
- Format (Title/Heading) : 1 mark
- content : 4 marks
*Grammatical accuracy, appropriate words and spellings (1 )
*Coherence and relevance of ideas and style (1 )
- Under content, credit should be given for the candidates creativity in presenting
his/her own ideas.
Paragraph : The detailed value points are provided in question paper itself
5. Report Writing
Objective : To use an appropriate style to write a report, notice, paragraph etc
expressing opinion
- To plan , organize and present ideas coherently
Marking : Marking should be in accordance with the following writing assessment
scale
- Format (Headline/dateline ; Reporter) : 1 mark
- Content : 2 marks
- Expression : 1 mark
*Grammatical accuracy, appropriate words and spellings (1/2) 4 marks
*Coherence and relevance of ideas and style (1/2)
Note:
Under content credit should be given for the candidates creativity in presenting his/
her own ideas.
The detailed value points are provided in the question paper itself.
6. Objective: To use grammatical items accurately and appropriately.
66
Marking : mark for each correct answer
(a) know - known
(b) a - the
(c) of - in /during
(d) makes - make
(e) or - and
(f) importance - important x6 = 3 marks
7. Objective: - To test the use of non finites.
Marking: - mark for each correct answer.
(a) deceiving
(b) to transfer
(c) discovering
(d) holding *x4 = 2 marks
8. Objective: To use the test of reported speech (narration)
Marking : 3 marks (one mark for each blank)
(a) if she would go to the school fete
(b) she and Aanya went there.
(c) what she would wear. 3 marks
9. Objective: To reorder sense groups into a syntactically coherent and complete
sentences.
Marking : 2 marks (one mark for each blank )
(a) He was born on December 12,1950.
(b) He received Padma Bhushan for his contribution to the Indian cinema. 2 marks
10. Objectives: - To test the use of Passive voice.
Marking : - 3 marks (one mark for each blank)
(a) should be avoided
67
(b) is absorbed in the body
(c) is increased by it 3 marks
11. Objective: To test the ability to form appropriate words specially nouns, adjectives,
verbs, adverbs etc.
Marking: 2 marks (1/2 mark for each correct answer)
(a) contribution
(b) depression
(c) neighbourhood
(d) difficulty 2 marks
SECTION D (Text Books) 45 Marks
12. Objective: To test local and global understanding of prose passage
Marking: 1 Mark for each value point
(a) Mr. Keesing gave extra home work on the same topic / same girl. 1
(b) to make a joke on Keesing himself 1
(c) to help her write the whole essay in verse 1
(d) asking her to write again on that funny/ridiculous subject 1
(e) ridiculous 1
5 marks
Marking : 1 Mark for each value point
(a) with jhang, jhang sound / with his musical entry 1
(b) basket on head ; bamboo in hand +
(c) greet the lady of the house/ say good morning to her 1
(d) created disturbance 1
(e) rebuke 1
5 marks
68
14. Objective: To test knowledge and extrapolation of the text.
Marking : Content 4 marks ; Expression 2 marks
- huge storm clouds not enough fuel in engine
- nothing visible radio and compass stopped working
- sudden appearance of another aeroplane, no lights on its wings
- saw the pilot waving his hand asking to follow
- followed came out of clouds saw runway landed safely
- mysterious disappearance of the strange plane 6 marks
OR
Second time : sent to bring mustardseed from the one where no one lost a child,
husband, parent or friend
Purpose: to let Kisa Gautami realize that on earth death is common, life brief and full
of pain only way is to surrender selfishness. Kisa Gautamis understanding changed
realized the truth
15. Objective: To test local and global knowledge of the play.
Marking: Content 2 marks ; Expression 2 marks
- Lomov, a wealthy Youngman
- To seek the hand of his wealthy neighbour, Chubukovs daughter, Natalya
OR 4 marks
- yes, she is as soon as she knows about the proposal she falls down into a
chair begins to cry / wail
- yells at her father to bring Lomov back
- again quarrels as it is a part of her habit, habit of the landowners of those
times ro quarrel on petty matters
16. Objective: To test local and global understanding of the poem
Marks : 4 marks (1 each)
(a) Belinda 1
(b) four / kitten, mouse, dog, dragon 1
69
(c) farcical effect / effect of humour / comic effect 1
(d) house, mouse ; wagon , dragon(a,a ;b,b) +
OR 4 marks
(a) playing with the ball 1
(b) fallen down into the water 1
(c) helpless ; sad 2
17. Objective: To test the knowledge of theme as contained in the poem
Marking: 3 marks (content : 2 , expression :1)
(a) - hatred stands for insensitivity , coldness, indifference, intolerance etc 3
- so much in the world , sufficient to cause destruction of the world
(b) - Amanda is a child 3
- does not like several restrictions put on her
- therefore wants solitude and freedom
(c) - about the animals 3
- are placid and self contained / happy
- not worried about getting respect or disrespect / no ego
(any two) 6 marks
18 Objective: To test knowledge and appreciation of the text
Marking: 8 marks
Content : 5 marks
Expression : 3 marks
- Bholi, a simpleton girl with two handicaps smallpox and stammering;
backward child, brain damaged in childhood
- Neglected even by parents, treated indifferently
- Comes to school ,never saw school before ,scared
- teacher asks name stammers children laugh
- teacher gives desired encouragement, inspiration and love
70
- turns her into a bold confident girl
- refuses to get married with an aged, mean, greedy, coward and heartless
person
- transforms her life
OR
Situation of danger and surprise Ausable, a secret agent finds another secret
agent Max in his room with a pistol
Doesnt lose his calm doesnt get afraid (fearless), confident ,very cool and calm
Thinks quickly very intelligent to cook up a false story of the balcony under the
window 8 marks
Acts wisely - has presence of mindat the knocking of the door tells Max about the
police being called for extra security
Outwits Max gets rid of him without using force
19. Objective: To test knowledge and understanding of the text
- Anil gave Hari Singh the note he had stolen
- Note was still wet did not expose his theft
- said they would resume writing sentences
OR 4 marks
Lost interest in tagging butterflies because
- it was tedious / very difficult
- there was not much feed back
- in all the time he did it, only two butterflies were captured were not more
than 75 miles from where he lived
20. Objective: To test the knowledge and understanding of the text
- her friend , a rich lady
- she herself is poor
71
- could not bear to go to her because of her complex / ego / pride
OR 3 marks
- martians, a handsome race
- most attractive than those ugly earthlings with their tiny heads living on the
earth called ridiculous little planet, an insignificant place, primitive ball of
mud
SECTION A (Reading ) 20 Marks
1. Objectives: To identify the main point of the text and to deduce the meanings of
given below.
(a) to express friendship love, affection, goodwill, congratulations, thanks or get-
well messages (any four) 2
(b) scent bottles and mud tables (with the inscription good luck to you) 1+1 = 2
(c) by a branch of the Olive tree 1
(d) became very ordinary and uninteresting 1+1 = 2
(e) sending greeting cards became convenient 1
(f) British 1
(g) (i) usually 1
(ii) greatly 1
(h) gratitude 1
12 marks
2. Objectives : To identify the main points of the text and to deduce the meaning of
Marking : 1 mark for each correct value point. No penalty for errors in spelling,
given below.
(a) asking new questions 1
72
(b) could not decide, which was good and which was not?
OR
could not definitely say, one thing was good and the other was not 2
(c) put the same type of question to the daughter/asked whether the sun was
good or the sky 1
(d) both were beautiful 1 + 1 = 2
close and inseparable
(e) difficult to tell which one object was good 1 + 1 = 2
changed the pattern of asking questions/what was good in one object 8 marks
3. Letter Writing
Objective: To use an appropriate style and format to write a letter of complaint,
- To plan, organize and present ideas coherently
scale
- Format/Layout : 2 marks
- Content : 3 marks
- Expression : 3 Marks
*Grammatical accuracy, appropriate words and spellings (1)
*Coherence and relevance of ideas and style (1)
Format/Layout : layout includes senders address, data, designation and address
of addressee, subject, salutation, complementary close etc according to requirement
Under content, credit should be given for the candidates creativity in presenting
his/her own ideas.
Note : - No mark is to be awarded if the content is not given
- Use of both the traditional and the new format is permitted
However mixing of the two is NOT acceptable
73
Value Points both for Option I (informal letter) and option II (formal letter)
are provided in the question paper itself.
4. Article/ Paragraph
Objective: To use an appropriate style to write an article, a paragraph etc. expressing
your opinion.
Marking: (Article) Option I Marking should be in accordance with the flowing
writing assessment scale
- Format (title/heading; name) : 1 mark
- Content : 4 marks
*Coherence and relevance of ideas and style (1)
his/her own ideas.
- Value points given below are suggestive only. Any other relevant point given
by the student may be accepted.
Articles Value Points:
- Tourist spots littered with plastic plates, broken bottles, excess foods
- Inculcate good civic habits
Dos :- Have a sense of belongingness
:- throw the litter in the dustbins
:- advise your children to do the same
:- ask the authorities to put sign boards at the places
Donts :- Dont spoil the lawns
:- Advise others also not to do it as a responsible citizen
OR 8 marks
74
Marking: (Paragraph) Option II Marking should be in accordance with the
following writing assessment scale
- Format (Title/Heading) : 1 mark
- Content : 4 marks
*Cochrence and relevance of ideas and style (1)
his/her own ideas.
Paragraph: The detailed value points are provided in the question paper itself
5. Report Writing
Objective: To use an appropriate style to write a report, notice, paragraph etc.
expressing opinion
scale
- Format (headline/dateline; reporter) : 1 mark
- Content : 2 marks
- Expression : 1 mark
*Grammatical accuracy, appropriate words and spellings (1/2)
*Coherence and relevance of ideas and style (1/2)
Note:
Under content credit should be given for the candidates creativity in presenting his
/ her own ideas.
The detailed value points are provided in the question paper itself 4 marks
6. Objective: To use grammatical items accurately and appropriately.
75
(a) nowhere - anywhere / everywhere
(b) it - this
(c) call - called
(d) metre - metres
(e) in - of
(f) find - found x6=3 marks
7. Objective : To test the use of non-finites
Marking: 1/2 mark for each correct answer
(a) provided
(b) stealing
(c) committing
(d) to sell x4=2 marks
8. Objective: To use the test of reported speech (narration).
Marking 3 marks ( one mark for each blank)
(a) why she was looking so disturbed
(b) that she had got a big test
(c) she was very nervous 2 marks
9. Objective: To reorder sense groups into a syntactically coherent and complete
sentences.
Marking: 2 marks ( one mark for each blank)
(a) Tiger is the largest member of the cat family.
(b) People admire the tiger for its strength and beauty 2 marks
*10. Objective: To test the use of Passive Voice
Marking: 3 marks ( one mark for each blank)
(a) is increased by short brisk exercise
(b) are made to feel
(c) are improved 3 marks
76
*11. Objective: To test the ability to form appropriate words specially nouns, adjectives,
verbs, adverbs etc.
Marking 2 marks (1/2 mark for each correct answer)
(a) recently
(b) involvement
(c) stolen
(d) interrogation 2 marks
SECTION D (Text Books) 45 Marks
Marking: 1 mark for each value point.
(a) death of her son 1
(b) carried the dead child to her neighbours and asking for medicines (+)
(c) had lost her senses 1
(d) Salyamuni / Buddha 1
(e) At length 1
5 marks
Marking: 1 mark for each value point.
(a) Maddie 1
(b) Yes, didnt mean to hurt her 1+1
(c) to find / meet Wanda 1
(d) badly 1
5 marks
14. Objective: To test knowledge and extrapolation of the text
Marking: Content 4 marks; Expression 2 marks
- young seagull was afraid of flying because of the vast expanse of sea beneath
- left alone for 24 hours, left to starve
77
- desperate with hunger
- mother takes a piece of fish within his reach but not nearer
- dived at the fish - falls into space
- wings spread - begins to soar
OR 6 marks
Essential
- Presence of Bakers in the Gaon village - a must
- Marriage gifts meaningless without the sweet bread - the bol
- Party or a feast loses its charm without bread
- On the occasion of daughters engagement - lady of the house must prepare
sandwitches
- Christmas - cakes and bolinhas, a must
15. Objective: To test local and global knowledge of the play.
Marks: Content 2 marks; Expression 2 marks
- falls into an easy chair, begins to wail
- asks her father to bring Lomov back quickly
- blames her father for Lomovs going out of their house
- yells at him to fetch him
OR 4 marks
- Chubukov - misunderstands that Lomov had come to borrow money
- Lomov said - had come to trouble him with a request for help
- did not reveal his purpose of coming directly
16. Objective: To test local and global understanding of the poem
Marks: 4 marks (1 each)
(a) in the jungles in the east 1
(b) - large and tawny 2
- roars
78
(c) afraid / feeling of death 1
OR 4 marks
(a) the author/the poet/Adrienne Rich
(b) writing letters
(c) - inside the house;
- now moving outside
17. Objective: To test the knowledge of theme as contained in the poem
Marking: 3 marks ( Content: 2 , Expression: 1 )
(a) - is a dragon
- bravest and the fiercest of them all 3
- wants a nice safe cage for him, shows his basic nature of being calm
and quiet - the effect of parody which the poet wants to create
(b) - the one who is playing with the ball
- state of grief, sadness, disappointment
- ball fallen down into the water - cant be retrieved 3
(c) - the animals
- the discussions/ the logic/ the reasons about subjects of philosophy
or religion which the animals do not indulge in 3
(any two) 6 marks
18. Obiective : To test knowledge and appreciation of the text
Marking: 8 marks
Content 5 marks
Expression: 3 marks
- pretty lady, born into a family of clerks as if through an error of destiny
- thinks herself born for delicacies and luxuries
- marries a clerk with all discomforts
- borrows a necklace for her vanity, pretensions and false ego lost/stolen
79
- suffers a needles sacrifice for ten years to pay the debt ( does all sorts of
menial Jobs) - becomes a strong, hard, crude woman of the poor household
- remains unhappy the whole of her life
OR 8 marks
- brilliant scientist, invented a rare drug, could make himself invisible
- removed his clothes to become invisible after setting fire to his landlords
house
- escaped easily from the boys who followed his footprints in London
- robbed a London store - took off his clothes quickly when chased
- escaped after hitting and robbing a shop keeper
- escaped from the people and the constable, throwing off one garment after
the other, hitting them with blows
19. Objective : To test the knowledge and understanding of the text
Marking : 4 marks ( Content: 2 , Expression. 2 )
- Mrs. Pumphrey sent fresh eggs, two dozen at a time to build up Trickis
strength
- Herriot and his partners began to take two eggs each in breakfast
- then bottles of wine began to arrive to enrich Trickis blood
- began a ceremony to take two glasses of wine before and several during the
meal
OR 4 marks
- tells him about the police being called
- called for extra protection for such an important paper
- Max would be afraid, would jump out of the balcony, the story which he had
cooked would get rid of him
20. Objective: To test the knowledge and understanding of the text
Marking: 3 marks ( Content: 2 , Expression: 1 )
- lawyer ordered to go back to New Mullion to fetch Lutkins
80
- with him went a man who had worked with Lutkins
- saw Bill, the hack driver with Lutkins mother talking and laughing at the
platform
- companion told the lawyer that Bill was Lutkins himself
OR 3 marks
- became a champion debater and public speaker
- a good canoeist and all-around outdoors-person
- an expert photographer, particularly of nature and scientific exhibits
- devoted a lot of energy towards the Debatino and Model United Nations
Clubs
81
ir-:t (t: v+ j
i=tt its nv s tt - it+s + ee
i=: -t (i) := + .=+| = tt r| r - =, r|, = | |+
(ii) =|| r|| = + .=| = =-| : =| i=+tv r +
(iii) =||= -|+ + = = r| = =-| ==.| inir|)+
-=t n rvt s
rt s +'
. . . . . i=-=inir|- ==| .| =| =|=+ + = +:= + = =) + .=| = =-| :|i=)
r=| =r| =| : .| = -||-|=-| =| -||+=| )= |= =|+| =- + =: + +- =|=
r| r + =r -||+=| i==| |= , |==|i- =| -| =| n = = =, = r| = = n- = == i- =
= =, ||+ =i: -||-|=-| = = n = | - =| =|- =| =|) -| r= =r = i= =r| =:|
|:.| = + i- i=| r| r + =r| ===-=== = +=|=| | + === |:.| == =)+
)= =|= |:.| =| := -||+=| = =| |= =| )= = | = i+| ) r|| r + = r= =|r
:= -||-|=-| =r =| |= |=-|+
-||-|= |:.|| = =:| = =r| i.|-|| :| r i= .|i+- =| =+=| = : =| +
=|=| == = =r| , =i-= +|i-| =| -|| == = ==| =|ir)+ r=|| i=| =|=+
= -=| = + i- r| r + =| -= = :.| = = -|| = + =|= =| i+== + =n i:=|+ =|==,
- n=|, ==| = :-r| |:.|| =| =-=|= i==|+ |== |, i++ =|=-: )+ =| || -|| :-r|
|:.|| = + =|= | + =r =r=| -| |== r| =| i= r=|| = == i- r= ===| ===|
i=r||-| r + +r -| =r-| r i= .|i+-.||n| ==| , + .|i+- =| : =+=| = = =| + ===|
=+=| = -=|= =| -|| = in) =| + : .|-i+: .| = =| || =| =| i=-=| =|= i=n|, ===|
=|| =r| || i= =-r -||-|= = -=| | |:.|| =| + -|= =|=| =|-| ||+ =-r| =
: .| = :-r| =|=+-= -=| =| ==|=| | |=i+.+|= =| -||+=| =| = =| i==|+
|:.|| = + i- i=| =| + i-=,-| r| i==| : .| =| )= = | = i+| -| r + |= =|
====|| =| ==|||= r=| |:.| =|=+|= = -=| = r| i=ir- r + : .| = := ===
=| i+|===|| + + i-|=| =-|-| i:r||: : r| r , ===| =|| -||-|= |:.|| )+
= -=| =| =|==|| =| -||+ r| =r| r , =i-= = r= = =:|-| =r| r| r , r=||
: i==| | = = i=- r| ==| r , := = = i=- ==| + i-| = =|| r= ===| r| = n= r +
82
r= -| n =) r i= ==|= =| |||i.|n| i=-=| =|+= r| =|, === =+ == +|n|
:=|- -|| =-=| r| = =| r| =|+
i -||-|=-| =| -||+=| =| +=| i+.| |-| r| r
ii == = |= =| )= = | = i+| ) r|= +|n| -||+=| =| |+ +=| =r=| =|r =
| +=| z
iii .|i+- = + =| = = =| = -||-|= |:.| +=| i=r||- r
iv -||- = =r|+ =|| =| : .| = in) +=| =| =:|= r| r
v -||-|= |:.|| =| + -|= i===| =|=| ==| | +=|
vi i+|===|| + + i-|=| +=| r = + + i-|=| : .| = +=| =-| r| r z
vii ==| .| =| =+= +- .||| = :|i=)+
viii i=-=inir|- .|:| = ==|=||| =-|:) -
|= , i+.||n+
ix |:.| , =|+= - .|:| = i++|-||| =-|:)+
x : =+=| = )+ + i-=,-| .|:| = =+== )+ + == n= =|i=)+
z. i=-=inir|- =|=| .| =| +:= + = =) + .=| = =-| :|i=) 2x4 = 8
= =n|, - -r -|| =n=| r i=||| +,
= =|= r| n| + n = =: || -| +
:= = = =| = -= =+ - ==| r| : =| r ,
+=| = +- =| |= =| |==|| -| +
- = ==| ==| = -| -n =| :i-r|= ==|,
= i= r | =| , =:= =n n=|= =|+
+=| =|=-= =, = n, =|i-, = =| -| :--||+
= =i:+|: =| =-=| =rn :r|= =|+
- = =:| ==| = =:= +in- =|| +
= =| =| + i= |- -i= |- =: =|= =|+
=|= =| i+=- - =|-| + r| +| ==|
= = : =+= +-+| r|| = ||= =|+
r = - -r =r -| r| = = -|| =|=| r
-| || = =|| =| + = = =|| +
=+ = i=i= - r| =| r |= : =rn
=- -=- -|| : i==| = = = = =|| +
83
i =r =|+-| |== = =|||- r =|+ =-r -n+| =| || + =n= =| +=| =r
r| r
ii -| -n =| ==| :|-r|= = = ==|=| =| ==-| r
iii : .| | ==|= = ==|| = |n) =|+ |==-|== = =| |-=| =| =|==| ==
= |n) - =| r
iv r = --r =r -| r| == -|| =|=| r
-| || = =|| =| + = = =|| +
=+= +- =|=| .| =| |.|= ===|:)+
t+t
- = = = = =| = -| -|| |+.+ =n =| r|,
|= +=| =+| n == n- ||=|| =|
=| =+ | ||=| r - n=| =| | ,
||=| =r| , =- =--||+ =| =|= =|
r - = +r|, += =||-== =|| = =|
=r=-+|= = | = - - = r||-| r ,
== == =| r= |== -|| |- +=- - = -== =r ,
| | =| |r|n-| : r|, = =| |r|n =|-| r
=| = |:r|- r == |= = n = r=-| ==,
+=| |:r|- r == |= =|| = | r| r= ,
== == = -||- : r| =r| +=| |)=|,
|== == = r| |= : | =n|= =
=r |+.+-=+=|| +=| =|- = =n-| r ,
- = =|r| -| := =|- =| n|-| =| : r|| ,
=|+-+ - -r|| =|: .| -| =|- =| + =| r|
-| === |+-| =| + = r|| n=| : r||
i =|+ ||=|| =| |= -| = == | =- =--||+ =| =|= == = |n) +=|
=r r| r
ii - = | = == = +=| n-|| =-|) =) r
84
iii :r| = = == = -||- + + .| =r| = +|-| | +=|
iv |.|= =+= =||=)
=| = |:r|- r == |= = n = r=-| ==,
+=| |:r|- r == |= =|| = | r| r=
rts - rt'
s. |=-=|n|r|- = = |==| + |+|= + |== | |n|r|) +
(=) v trv *t+= - ==| =| ====|r= | =r=|-=r=| = : , == -++= |, =|| -
=|: |=+|=|, =| = -= r| -, r| -| = = n| r|=|n|, |=-:+ : +|+ .|+
(r|) x: st txt:t - + i++ttn nrvnt =:- = =||, : .| =| ||| = |=||-,
= =||=| )+ =| ==|| + :==| :+ -||+, =:- | == = =+|=, ==|||= =
+ =|=+
(=) t n + =tti:ts isx vttt - =||| =| + =| ==, |= = -||- | =|r =|
: .=, =| = -= == .|=, -n ==|= = : .=, -|| = =|| |= =| :=|| =
+|-|+|+
1. =|-|=|--=+=|| =| = ||= = |-|=|= = == =| =|-|=|- + |n= =| = |=|+=|.|
= |+ +=| = +|) ==|+ - ==| =|r- r + + |n= ||-|= (=|-|=|-) =| := |.|=
=| )= +| |n|r|)+ :
t+t
=|||+|= = r= +|n =| = -||: =| )= +| |n|r|) |=== =| = )+ + |||=|= =| =r+
=-|=| ==| r| | |==|=- =+ = :==| -=|= == =| = =|+ -|| |:=| ==| r| +
rts -- v'
:. (=) |==|+: =| == === -| : -|| |n|r|) :
i =| r= |-|-|= =| |-|-|| : -| r +
ii - -r|| =|:|=n + = | == nn=|-| r +
(r|) == +: +r=|= = === -| : |n|r|) :
i |.|-|| = |==| =|+= +.| - = r +
ii === +|= |==| :=|n) || = + |= |=|+
85
r. r|| |=- +:| =| +|== :||=) :
= =n ==|= =|= =|+
:. |=-=|nr|- +|+=| =| |=: .||==| =:|n) s
i = r||=| ==|= += =|= + =n| =: + (= = +- +|+= = )
ii === =r - =r =| =| r||:| r + (|= +|+= = )
iii =r = | + =-= r + := == +=-: =- r + (=n +|+= = )
s. |=: .||==| +|= =:|n) s
i ) = ==|=| =| === =| | -|| =r| ==|+ (-||+ +|= = )
ii = -| =| = =n =| = r r + (== +|= = )
iii - -r| ;|| := =|-| + =|= |:=| =|=| =||r)+ (=- +|= = )
+. |=-=|n|r|- =|=-+ |+-=| = + = +- n =|| =| =|=| n r| =||=) s
i === - =|=-= r +
ii = : r =| =r|= : =r|: +
iii =||n :|-= n-=: = =| |=+
rts tt'
+. |=-=|n|r|- =|=| .|| =| +:= + = =) + .=| = =-| :||=) 2x3 = 6
=|| , - = r| |- =-||=|+
+= r- == r -=| - , =||r= == = |=|+
+ :|= +|- r- =n -||-, -| = : r = :|=|+
=| =n =| r - n =| =|=|, = : = -|=| n|=|+
+ ||--=:| = +|= = =| =| , : |= = =+ +|=|+
= :|= =n| r= -|| |, = =| =| =| +|=|++
i =|| =| = r =-r =-||=| +=| =r| ==| r
ii == r-= = || = + |- === + |= =| |== =:|r|| = =-|=| ==| r =+=
=||=)+
iii =| |+=|| = += =| -|| | +=| =r| r ===| :.|| |===| -|| |- r| =:
r =+= =||=)+
86
t+t
=|:n, ==|
| | || ===, |||| |
n|n- n|n-, =|n | ||n ,
|+= --=|= = = , =|+, =+=|+= +|n
+= |=+|, = -= =|+-|
|= -| :| -
=|:n, ==|
i =|+ =|:n = +=| + || =| = r| r =|:n =| |=== ==|= =-|=| ==| r
ii =|:n = r := = |+= --=|= +=| r ===| =+=|+= +|n +=| =r| ==| r
iii |.|= =+= =||=) - += |=+|, = -= =|+-| |= -| :| +
. |=-=|n|r|- + .=| = = |=-r| st= = =-| :||=) 33 = 9
(=) |=-n-=|-+.| |= = +|: = ||| + +.| |= = =+-||+ =| |+.| |-|| =|
=n r| =||=)+
(r|) |=== =|+-| = =|+ ;|| + =- - = r|: =+-= =| += .|:| = |n|r|)+
(=) =r : - |- = ==|= =|+-| = ||| + == =| = =|=|= = =| -:= =| +=
.|:| = |=||- =||=)+
(|) = =-=| = = =|+- =| = =| = +=| =+=| |=-| r = =-=| =|+-| = |||
+ ===|:)+
:. |=-=|n|r|- =|=| .| =| +: = + = =) + .=| = =-| :||=) 1x 5 = 5
+| =|= = + = = == , =|= |= |=|= = | |= =| =| |: +
=| + = n= += +|-, |r= r n= ===|n = r|: +
=|| |=|= = : = = =n, = : r =| =r|= : =-r|: +
= -==-= |:-:|+= = :, |= =: nr : + =r|: +
i =r =|=| .| |== -|||| = =| ==| r
ii = + |= n =| =| )= =:|r| = == |n|r|)+
iii ==-= |:-:|+= =| -||+-=| -:= =+= =||=)+
iv =r|-= :-=-r|: = =| = =| n =| r
v =|=| .| |== = : = |nr|| ==| r
87
t+t
=|=| =- = =|
==, r| =| :r| : =|+
=|+= = r = = =||=| =r|+=|
=|+=| =| |=|-= | = n| ==-||+=|,
-=-= = | .| | r|, =|- =: =||==|,
= -n = = n| =| =|: ==| =| :=|+
-| n|-=| )= = = ==-| r =||+- -||-
=|=| =- = =|
==, r| =| :r| : =|+
i =|=| .|: |== = :-| = + = +- r | r
ii = + |= n =| =| )= =:|r| = == |n|r|)+
iii =|+-| =| )= -||||=- |+.| |-| =-|:)+
iv =|-| =|:| =| =|+ = |== .|:| = |=||- |==| r
v -|| = |n) + = +- =||+- |+.| || = =| := =| =+= =||=)+
s. |=-=|n|r|- ==| .| =| +:= + = =) + .=| = =-| :||=) 23 = 6
=|n=| |== -|=- =| =| - =-r| = = =+ r : + +r r +| = =|-==|= == =|- + ==|=
+ =-=| |=|| =r| r|- , |=-=| = --==|== | n| =-:.| = ++ + :n r| =|- +
=|= -|= =| = + = =| ||+ =|| =| = =n n = =| +=| r= | = r=| |==| =
|-|-|| +=| =| = - | = r||= =n- , -| |= | + r| n| = = r||- + |=- -|
r| =| ==|- , =|- , =r| -=|= n=-|, +|=| +| n - + =|-+| = |:= |= -=|= = n=- ,
|=-- := n-= =++|= = -|| +r| ==-| = = :|+| | ==| ||, |=-- = = +r| =+|=|
+|n|+
(i) =|n=| |== -|=- =| =| - =-r| = = =+ r : - =|= =| |.|= ===|:)+
(ii) = =n .|: =| | =+= =||=) | =-|:) |= -|=- =| = =n n = =| r=
+=| =r| ||
(iii) |.|= =+= =||=) - = :|+| | ==| || |=-- = = +r| =+|=| +|n|+
t+t
88
= =r| =|=-| := = -=|=| = =-|| =| =| || =| =r| |= ===| = = + =| : | )=|+
n |== == -|| | = +|n| =| ==| =r| ||+ (== | r|| =| |===| ==|r| = n|=| r +)
:= -r r=| =|= = +r =n| ==| =| r== = === ||= =|=|:|, =n-=n
= | = -|| | === n=, ===| r| =, === = =|: +, =|=+|= ==|| =| |:=
=== = nrnr|-| r|| ||+ |===| == |- r= === == = , =| === |=== | , |==|
=n =| +|+| |= =| | = =| -r |=|+= ==| r =|+ = == +|+| =| |- =| =|:
= : ||=- r +
(i) | =+= =||=) - == | r|| =| |===| ==|r| = n|=| r +
(ii) === ||= =|=|:|, =n-= n = | = -||..... |== | +=| =r| ==| r
(iii) =n =| |= =| +=| |+.| |-| r| -| r = -=|=| =| == |- =| - n=| := |=
=| | = = +=| =| =: r
1. |=-=|n|r|- + .=| = = |=-r| st= = =-| |n|r|) 33 = 9
(=) .|r| = =| |r| + |==| + |=, =|+- =| = |- n=|= =| +=| = .= r| -| r
== = |- = + |- n| =| = +=| =- = r| = =||r) = -|=| =| =.=| +| =|
: |= = r|- r ) =-| :||=)+
(r|) )= =r|=| =r -|| - |=== =| n |r|=| = =|+-+ =| ==|= = |==-|==
=| |== =+| = =| =:|= r|
(=) =||-|.|-|| = |+| || =-=| =| r| = +| = =|| |.|-|| = |+| ||=| = |==
-=| = ||| + += +-| =| + = |==| r
(|) =| =-r||= = :=|:- +| = ||| + ==-|: |=|==n| r|| =| + ||--|=
+|== : - r ) =-|:) |= === = =|- = + |- |=|+- |=== =|== | = =|-
=| === r: ||
:. (=) = == |- +| = n r|= = +|=-|+= || = = == - =|+- |== =r| r |
+=| s
(r|) nr|=+| :|= +| = =+|= =|r= = |== r|+-||+| = n=-| r |= + =|-=|-
= |n) === =r| r :
r. |=-=|n|r|- + .=| = = |==| + + .= =| =-| :||=) 4
(=) =|-| =| | =n +| = .||| = =| =+= +--| + |+=| =||=)+
89
(r|) |=n|=n|- |=-|| =| | .|=| = =r|=| = -| = n |r|=| =| |== -r =-=| |r- =
r| || =|=|-=|=| r|| =| | +| = ||| + =-| :||=)+
:. |=-=|n|r|- + .=| = = |=-r| st= = =-| :||=) 23 = 6
(=) | : r|- r| : r|- =: |:n| =| =|=|+n= r| = n=| - =: |:n| = =|=|+n=
= |n) +=|-+=| + == |=) =) r| = =| = + == =| =|= +| = ||| +
=+= =||=)+
(r|) + = |- = =n-= == =| =+=|| |== + =| =| r =|=|-=|=| r|| =| | +|
= ||| + =-| :||=)+
(=) )r| =| = n=| r |=| r| |=| +| = ||| + =-|:) |= -||- = =+|||=-|
| :| n= = : n|| = +=| =| =:|= |== + =| |==|
(r|) = +=| |nr|-| r +| = n r|= = += |+=| |r| |.|=| = |+==| = =| -|| +-|
|== -r =r= = |==|
-=t n rvt s
rt s&&& +'
. i=-=inir|- ==| .| =| =|=+ + = +:= + = =) + .=| = =-| :|i=)
r= =|=- r i= |:=| =|=+ =| -r =+- | =r| r , :=| = +r |:=| r +
=r| +r r-| r == = =n =r| =r- , == =r- r , ==|= =r- r + =|=| |:=| +r
r i=== in) =+ r| ==-= = =r| r , i== + =| -|| =|= r + :=| |+=|+= =
i+=|= = |:=| =| i+=|= r , :=| = ===| = == i- | =-=-| r +
=+ =| n = -| r= =-= r| r + == =++ = ||| + r= = +i-| =| ==|
=- r , =|=| =++ =| i+=-| =- r + =+ =| i+=-| + =| +=|= = ;|| r| -|
r + ) = i++|r r| -| r | +i+| ==-| r - = +i-| =| =| + +-| r + =r = | - =|=|
= :== in) i=-= :| r + = | =||, = | ==|, = | +i-, = | i+-| - = == =|- -i.-
=r =-n|= = in) + :| r ) i= r= )= : = = in) i=-= :| r , )= : = = :|i=+
= |+= = = | r + |:=| = r=- == i=-=| =| n|-| r , +|i+|i=| = =| == r||-|
| -|| =-| r + =r r : ===| ==|: | === = =| ==| +r r : ===| = +i-|+
+i+| r=| ==|= =| :=|: r + := :=|: =| =+ |= r i= +r = +i-| ==|) |
r| + +i+| =| )= : =| =+ -|| r , | = +i-| ==|= =| -| | == : = = =|i=- r +
= = : | + = +i-| : = =| .| = r| =|-| r | +r| ===| +=| =|=| | =|-| r +
=|=| i==| =| =| =r| n=-|+ ) =| +=|| = -|=| =|= |:=| = + :| =| |
90
+r || =-||+ =-|| =|=| |+=|+= =| +r .|i+, i=== =r| =+ i-| =| i==== r
| === =++ = =- r + =r )= + =|=---||+ ||, )= -r = += -||- = =|
= i-= = - + ||, =-|| = +|= = +n i==== =| .|i+ ||+ =-|| =| =-n= || =i-=in-
-||++
= =|=+-==|= = n ==| r , =i=n-|) =: =: r , n|r|| -n|r| |:=| = i=n|
= )=-: = = i= + r= =| i++.| r| =) r + = |= =|==| r| ==| r + i===
+|= =|== + = =||| = r , +r = = -|| =-| =r| :|r|-|+ = i=== +|= r , ===
+|= =|== =| -||+ r + :== ==|= = i+|=-| + :| r| r| r , ==|+ =: r| r +
:==| i=:|= =r| r i= = +i-| i=-=| r , =| ==|= =| r | ===| |+.==-|= =|
i=n + ) = |+|-||+| =r| r =| | ==|= r| .|r|n r| =|+ .|| || =r| r| =|, : -= =r|
r| =| | : r| -|| =r| r| =|+
(i) =+ | + =| +=| | r
(ii) = +i-| =| ==| = =++ =| +=| =||= r
(iii) +i+| =| ==| =| = n ||| +=| r
(iv) +i+| | = +i-| =| +=| =-=-| r
(v) =-|| +=| r ===| =-= i== in) r |
(vi) =|=+-==|= = = n= = +=| : +i||= =|== | r r z
(vii) n r|= = := : +i||=| = i=|=| = +=| =+|= = =|) r := =+|=| =
+=| +i||= r| =
(viii) ==| .| =| =+= + .||| = :|i=)+
(ix) i=-=inir|- = ==|=||| =-|:)
+ = , =i=n-|+
(x) i+|=-| | = +i-| = i++|-||| .|: inir|)+
(xi) =++ | =+|= = .|:| = + == | =+== n= =|i=)+
z. i=-=inir|- =|=| .| =| +:= + = =) + .=| = =-| :|i=)+ 24 = 8
=| n = | |-|, = = =| n,
| = | = =| = +=| ==| r
91
== r =| r =| n =|=| r i:) =| ,
= =i=- ) =| i==| -||+ = ir) =| ,
:|r|-| == | = - )= r| r -
i=| n|r|| i=-- = - )= r| r ,
== =| = = -|| n=|, = = =r| r ,
=n i=n| =| = =, == = = =r| r ,
| -|| =| == r| =|, +r =r =| -
| -|| =| = = i=n =|, +r =r =|,
=| n = i+.+, = = -| =| n,
| = | =||=| = +=| ==| r
|:=| =| i:n =r - ==||--|| r ,
=| =| =|=| =r - = | || r ,
-| i= =| = |, :=| =| :|= :| - = -
|:=| =| =| =| +:|= :| - =,
=+= = | =+= = i=-=| =| r ,
=+= =| r -||= =+= = =| r ,
+ || =| =| =+ =| ===| , =n :| -
=|- =| = , i=+ := = =:n :| ,
=| n = , = = -| =| n,
| = | + :=| = +=| ==| r
(i) =i+ i:= =| +=| == r +=| : =| =|r-| r == == | )= r| = - +=|
i:r||: : r| r
(ii) =i+ == =| n= | === +i||=| =| =r= =| + i-n| = +=| = : .| : r| r
(iii) +r -| i= = in) :=| | |:=| = in) =| = +:|= =| =|==| +=| = r|
r
92
(iv) =+= .|: = +=| i-|+ |= r , +r =+= =| += =+= = +=| ==| =|r-|
r
t+t
r =n|
r =| +
i== == =|)
=| r r =+ =r|n
= r r |r=|| =|
| r| : -|| + r =|n
i=-- ===| : r| r= +|- =r|
: : = |= =-r n|- =r|
:= ====| + = =| :
=| =-| r
=| n-| = = | r -|
| =-| r +
:=in) =
=| ||| = r=|| =| = r
=|ir) r= =| i=i===
:| -r =
)= + =|
=+ =| =| =r = =
| ===| =-= = : +
: =
=| |r=|| =| ==| : =| - =
=|n = += : =-r +
93
|:=| -| =-= r| - r
=+ -|| =i: =-= == =|)
-| || + : .| r
r|.|r|n r| =|)
r| , r| .|r|n r| =|)+
(i) =r|n =+| = =i+ =| +=| i-|+ |= r |r=|| =| == = =i+ =| +=|
|.|= r
(ii) = =r|n =+ i:=-+ i-i:= = -|| ====| +=| ==- =| r r
(iii) =i+ : .| = =| ||| = +=| =| = r| r
(iv) |:=| -| =-= r| - r , =+ -|| =i: =-= == =|) +
=|=| .| =| |.|= ===|:)+
rts rt'
s. i=-=inir|- = = i==| )= i+|= + i==-| inir|) +
(=) | r|| : r|| = = - = = | r| n =| =|=, == | =r| , = = =| | -|,
===|=|, :.| =| =| + i-i==|, = = =| -, |+=| =r -| =|= r||=|-|+
(r|) =|n i== - =|n i== =| =, i== = =+ = ===| i:===| , =| = -=
=+=|i==| ;|| .|| ||, + .||== )+ ==|== +| = =||| = + =|=+
(=) =+ i.|-||-i-|=|= - i.|-|| =| =r+, =|-| =| =+=| i=-|, i=-|-| = =||,
:= i:.|| = |+=| =| =:|=+
1. |=|=| +| = :=+| =-|| =| =| -+|-|| = r=|) =|= = +-|-i++-| = += i+=|
+ == =- r ) += i=| =| +| inir|)+ s
t+t
+=-=r| =+ = += + |+= == =| =-=||-=i=i- == = i=.| -= +| | -i+-i-
==| =|r-| r + =i=i- = =i=+ =| | = == =| +| |.||n| = ||-|= =| +|
inr|= +| || =| =+=|| = in) = | | =|i=)+
94
rts v'
s. (=) i==|+: =| == === -| : -|| inir|) z
(i) =+|= =|r= |== n = =)+
(ii) === = =|- = in) ==|r =r| i:r||=|+
(r|) :| == +: +r=|= = === -| : -|| inir|) z
(i) +r =r - =| n-| r +
(ii) = = |+=| =:: =|ir), :=in) |=| r +
c. r|| i=- +:| =| +i== :|i=) z
- = -| = ||+| =|| r| +
:. i=-=inir|- +|+=| =| i=: .||= =| =:in) s
(i) - = =- + =|= =| = -||: =| +- = =|=| i=r||| + (= = + +|+= = )
(ii) +r + |-=|n r| - r| += =|= + n= =|-| r + (i= +|+= = )
(iii) : .| =| ) = = +| =|ir) =| = .||i=- r| + (=n +|+= = )
s. i=: .||= =| +|= =:in) s
(i) +|=+|n = =|= =-| i:=|+ (== +|= = )
(ii) =| = | -|| =r| ==-|+ (-||++|= = )
(iii) = -|=| ;|| : .| = in) +=| == = = =|= i:=| ==|+ (=- +|= = )
+. i=-=inir|- =|= + i+=| = + = + n =|| =| =|= =|=| -n r| =|i=) s
(i) =| = : = = n = r| = ==|=+
(ii) : r| r =|+=-= = = n+
(iii) n-=| r| -| -| =| + -| =|=| = = = -n =| +
rts tt'
+. i=-=inir|- =|=| .| =| +:= + = =) + .=| = =-| :|i=) 23 = 6
95
nr|= =r| ri= r= =|=|+ = =r : + == |= | ==|=|++
=| =i- n|-| = = |= -| + : r|| |= === = -|| ++
= - = = | +i-r = :| = + = i= i== =|= =i =- | = ++
=| n i=- += =| | |+ = = = ir = -||= = =| |++
=|n= =| in =|| =ir -| r|+ = +n = i= = =|=ir =| r|++
=|n = n=|| i- =| r|+ i==+i=i:- -|i|== n : | r|++
-| ==n -| i= -| + i== =|-r|+ i=+ n =| =ir: +-r :|-r|++
=r==|r -| = = :i=r||+ += i=n| = =r|+= =||++
(i) n-=| |= | = == = =| = +=|-+=| -= : r r
(ii) = +n = i= = =|=ir =| r| =r= n-=| =| +=| =-| : =| =|r- r
(iii) +=| -| =|| = =n = =| = +.| |= = +=| =r|
t+t
- -r|| =r : - i- = ==|=
= -= = -|| |n : =| =|=
| in-| = - -r| = =|-.....
=| = -|n|= = | =| +| = ir|n r =n=|-
+= +|= - -r|| r| + ||,
i+|n= =n == ==| r| =| =i= +||||+
(i) =i+ = == =| = ==|= =| : - i- +=| =r| == +r = =| n= r|
r
(ii) == = = = = r + =i+ =| i=== ==|= + -|- r| r r
(iii) |.|= =+= =|i=) - i+|n= =n == ==| r| =| =i= +||||
. i=-=inir|- + .=| = = i=-r| -|= = =-| :|i=) 33 = 9
(=) =| i+=| = = | = + i- += + =-||+ =| =r=-| =| i== + =| + == i==| r
= :|=-i=- +:| = ||| + =+= =|i=)+
96
(r|) |=== =i+-| = ||| + =-|:) i= =i+ |==|| inr|= = +=| ===|
=|r-| r +
(=) =|=| =- = =| =i+-| = =| =-=| =-=| =|- : r| =| =|| =-|: =: r
(|) =-=|:|= =i+-| = =| = = =| =| +=|-+=| =|r| :| r
z. i=-=inir|- =|=| .| + |||i- + .=| = =-| :|i=) 15 = 5
| : = +n=| i==| =| =+ +-n+ = ,
= == i= = n| =| r -= =i= -||| : +
++= = n|+ , = =|-=| =-|+ : +,
=| i=n rn|+ -r n=|+ = -|| : ++
+ i- +|= =| =-|| = |: =| =,
= ==n| =|i==| n-|= i= =|| : +
=:= =r|+ = =| =|n= == - -|ir,
+ |-ir ==|+- = n|= ===|| : ++
(i) =r =|=| .| i== -|||| = =| ==| r
(ii) =|=| .| = i== =-: =| + =| = r | r
(iii) + +: = =| =-=| n =| + ||= =+ = + = + r | r
(iv) |: =| = =-|= = =| = =i+ = +=| =-+=| =| r
(v) +: = + = + = + |= n =| =| )= =:|r| + =- - =|i=)+
t+t
=r| =| = n - r| ,
|-| -| : - r| ,
== =| =-| = - =
+-+ = : - r| ,
| r| r=|-| r -|
r= =r| r| r +
97
+-|| = n:| |n
=r| r|, =r| n|n,
=r| +| r = =
= :-= |-+ +-=|n
+|=-+|= .|| -||-|
+= =r| r| r +
(i) =i+-| = i=== =| -:= =| i=|| r
(ii) := =| -:= = =i+ =| | r| +=| =r| r= r| r
(iii) =i+-| = =|=|+|:| + + i-| =| =| : + i+ = i=)+
(iv) +=| .| =| -||||=- i+.| |-| =| =-n r| =|i=)+
(v) .|:| =| |+ i-| = i== n =| =| ==| i:r||: +:-| r
s. i=-=inir|- ==| .| =| +:= + = =) + .=| = =-| :|i=) 23 = 6
i+-|=| =| |=|:| =| =|=| =r| -= || i= ===| =+i=|i- = | = |) n| =|
= =|= = -= , =|= -=== + r|| =|-=|= =| n=|-|, r-|n =+|-|, n=| =
=|| .|r =| == =|+-| n=| =| +=| =|| || i==-| = =|+= : =:| .- ==|
=== in) = i.=n r| r| || -| i==| =| :| r : |=|:| = :|= = =n=| = in)+
== =| = nr =| ==r n|+| =r-| r| -| =| i=| |, =|| += =|) | =|| -|= = =
+=- r| =|-| r , =r --|| =|=| | += =| | = ===| ||| : = +|n i+-|=| =
=+= n = =| =| i=ni=n| -= .| = r | ||, |= -: = .||:| =|, -= -= +r =n-|
r| r|+
(i) n ir|=| | === i+-| = == === =|+ =| +=| =|| ||
(ii) n ir|=| =| =| = nr =| ==r n|+| +=| =r r| ||
(iii) n ir|=| = in) i=|| i- i=| | | += =|) +=| || + i=== =|| +=-
r:
t+t
r=|| === = =|=+-= == i- =| =| =| =-| |= + = : -||= = |i+=|
=|-| r , +r -|| = == i- r , =| =| =-| -|| =| =|==|| =|-| r , +r -|| r , |
98
=| =| =-| i==| =r|=|=+ = =+ =+ =|= =|-| r , +r -|| = == i- r + | =-=-|
=-=-| r = == i- =| +i||=+ r=| r||= -+|= = -|= , == r=|| =-=-| r + =|=+
=| =| =| =-| === |=i+=|.| = =||=| =| |i+=| =|-| r , r= == = == i-
=r =| = == i- | i== =||=| = =n + +r i:=-|- |=-i+=|.| = = =| r |
r , =-r r= ===| =-=-| === =| =-=-| = == i- =| =i: =-=|| =| -||+=| =
=|-| = = =|)=| -| +r = == i- r| = r| r =| | ) =| = == i- =| +.= -||+|
+i||= =-=-| = i-i+ : =| +=| r| =|
(i) n r|= = =| =-| = i==-i== =+| =| = == i- =|=| r
(ii) =-=-| = i+|= = n r|= =| |||| +=| r +r i== =-=-| =|=-| r
(iii) n r|= =| : i= = = == i- =| = n ||| +=| r === -||+ = +r +=|
=rn|-| r
1. i=-=inir|- + .=| = = i=-r| -|= = =-| :|i=) 33 = 9
(=) .|r=|: | =|.||| = =:= =| : =-=- =r| := |-| + - i=i==-n| r||
= := =|= = ||| + === .|r=|: -+|:= | =|.||-+ = = =-=i-|- = =
|==|| =| =-n r| =|i=)+
(r|) i;+ :| =| = =||-i.|-|| = i+| || = -=| =| r| = +| = i== -=| = |||
+ =||-i.|-|| =| ==| = i==| r
(=) =|=+|= ==|| =| i:= === +| = ||| + inir|) i= =|: = -= = =|
= =r +=| =r| ==| r i= + = =-+ = = -=|=| | , == = =r| +
(|) =|n=| i== -|=- = r=|| r| - r ) -|| =|| +=| =rn|- | + +| = ||| +
=-| :|i=)+
s. (=) nr|=+| :|= +| = =+|= =|r= = i==|=n|+ = r= ===| i== =|+=-
.|n| =| +i== + |- r| -| r , +=| |= =| =:n-| +ii=|i-=| = ===|
i=+| r =--|+ r -= =ir- =-| :|i=)+ s
(r|) r|+n:| =|r= r= .|| =| |r + === = -|=| =| = i- =| +=| i=r|- |
= -|=| =| =.=| +| = ||| + =-| inir|)+ z
c. i=-=inir|- = = i==| + + .= =| =-| :|i=) 1
(=) =|-| =| | =n +| = .||| = =| =|| =-| + i+=| =|i=)+
99
(r|) ==|| - | = =| = + == =| =|= n=|= =| n = +=| i= -| | =:r+|=|
i:r||: : -| r +r i== =|=i==-| =| + =|| r
:. i=-=inir|- + .=| = = i=-r| -|= = =-| :|i=) 23 = 6
(=) =|-| =| | =n +| = ||| + =-|:) i= == =|-|-i+-| = + i- +=
+ = =| i-|=i+ = = =- r +
(r|) =|=|-=|=| r|| =| i . . . =|||-+ -||-- =| n ir|=| =| n| = ==| = = | =- ==
=| : r|= ) =| |-||= +=| r | i= + -||- =| |=| )=-=| r| r
(=) )r| =| = n=| r |=| r| |=| +| =| : n|| =| = -= = +rn| =| +i==
=r| | i== =+ = r |
(|) ir| i.|=| =| |==| =| i+n|= =| -|=|==-= : =+=| = +=| =r| =|-| r
100
+ --- vt *=t --- ir :t (t: v+ 'j
ntt-v i=: -t vt += +ts nv + vt i=r=inirts i=: -tt + is nt+tt=t xtis(
. =-=| ==| =| = .= = -=| == =| i|=|i|= +=- i= ==|=| r + =-=| ==| = i:) =)
=-|-i= : i-= =r| r + = = =|+|== )+ =| = i-= r + =i: +|-|||| = :== i-|-=, i= - =+= +-
=-| i:) r -| == =+= +- = i:) =|) +
z. = -=| == == +|n +|-|=| = =|| == -= + |= i:= + =i+-= |+| =|= ir= =+ =
=-=| ==| + -|n|--|| i- |: =| +| - i+=|-i+i=== =r| r| =|-| -= -= = -=| == | -| =
=|=| =|)+
s. = -=| ==-=|= +=| i==| =|r=| = = =| =r| =i-= =-=| ==| = i=i: = i=: .||= =| r| i==| =|)+
1. + .= = =+-||=| = =-|| + :|: | = i:) =|) , =|: = =+-||=| = := =| =| =| = =|:
| = r|i.|= = inr|= == =| n|= - = i:=| =|)+
s. =i: + .= =| =| : =+-||= =r| r -| == + =|: | r| = i:) =|) +
c. =i: +|-|||| = i==| i-i+- + .= =| =-| -|| inr| i:=| r -| i== + .= =| +rn rn i==|
==| r == + = : | =|: = i=) r ) =| =|= : +
:. = i-|- i= - =+= +- i++ == = =|| + =- - i==| ==| i= : +- =-| i+=- - i++ == =| + -||
=| =|=| =|)=|+ ) = =-|| =| =i=- =r-+ : = =| + -|| r +
s. =|-=| =| )= r| + =| =| .| , +- =| + = = =|= +
+. .|:-=|=| = i|= .|: r| = + -|| = = =|= =|) +
+. +i- =: =| .| | =|=| .| = + .=| = +|-||i| =| =| === = i-|=i+-=- =| =-| =|
i|= =r-+ = i:=| =|) i=== +|-||i| =| =| =|| r|i= = r| +
. = -=| == = = + | = + =|= - + = ++ =| + =| = -||= r || - +|-|||| = vi: n-tt i:ts
-tt-ix : t +t n rt i+vt r st n t ee + i: *t= tir(
101
-=-t-n rvt s
ir :|
rt s +'
. (i) -||-|=-| =| -||+=| |= =|+| r| r + =r i==| |= i+.| |, |==|i- =|
-|| =| in= =|=|| = = =, = r| = = n- = == i- = = =, r +
(ii) -||-|=-| |= |=-|
+=| i= := -||+=| = = n = -||-|= = == i- =| + + +|) | |:.|
r i===| +|n= == =| |= : .| =|= =+ = =-| r + 1+1 = 2
(iii) .|i+- =| =+=| = : =| + =|=| == = =r| =i-= :|=: ir|=| =| -||
== -|| -=|= =| -|| == = ==| =|ir)+
(iv) =r|+ =|| ;|| i:) =) |:.|| = : .| =| )=-| = = | = i+| =| r +
(v) =| || =| =|
+=|i= =-r| = : .| = =|=+ = -=| =| ==|=|, |=i+.+|= =| -||+=|
+ :| =|+ + = 1
(vi) =|i-+|:, =| + :|i==-|, -||||+|:, |- =+|: + + + i-|=| =| : .| =|
i+|== =-| r +
r=|| = = i=- : i==| | -|| -||-|= |:.|| | = -=| =| =|==|| =|
-||++ 1+1 = 2
(vii) -||-|=-| |= |=-| |= |=-| =| -||+=| (=| =| : -= =+= +- .||| = : =
+ + | = : +)
(viii) |= -: .|
i+.||n - =| i+=- - + = 1
(ix) |:.| - =|||
=|+= - = = i=- = =|| =|i=- + = 1
(x) =+== - : =+ + i-
+ == - -| + = 1
102
z. (i) = +|| =| : .|+|i==| =|
=in:|= | ==|= =| ==| =+ : = = in)+ 1+1 = 2
(ii) ==|= = -| :-||+| =| i==|=, =i: =| = = i+- +|=, i= r | =| =n
n=|=+ z
(iii) i+= - =|||| =| = =| i-=| =| =+|=| ==|+
r =- -r =- ==| =| =r=| | |= =:=|+ 1+1 = 2
(iv) =i: +|=-i+= =|+= =|= =| i-|n||| r -| |"V i==| | = in) +=| ==
= = ==i+ - == = in) - =| r| + z
t+t
(i) i|=|| =| i= -| == = =- = +|n= ==| i|= =r-++ | r + z
(ii) - = - - = +r| r =| += = =|-=|i|=| = | = = r||-| r +
= == - = == +r| r =| | | =| r =- -ir|n- : r| + =-= r| -| r + 1+1 = 2
(iii) i== == = -||- |= :, =-n|= | - i- =| -||+ r| -| r +
) = == = : r| = in) =| : =||= r| =r| r| -|+ 1+1 = 2
(iv) =i: == = n| || - =: = || =| | n=| r | r=|| =| = ==||== r|
-| =|+= = =| = || - =i=|:=| | : =| = += || =| | =|= r|
=r| =|-|+ z
rt s rt'
s. i== |
(i) -| i==|+ =-|+=|
(ii) i+|= - + i-+|:= s
(iii) =+= r|
(iv) -||||-.| ,-|
(v) + =- i-=== + -||+ z
= n = +
103
1. +|
+ | -| )+ ==|+= =| | +=|i=-|)
(+-|, i:=| =, = =| |=, ==|+=) z
i+|= =|== | + + =- i- z
-||||-.| ,-|
= n = s
rt s v'
s. (=) (i) : -| r - === = i==|
(ii) nn=|-| r - == = i==| 1+1 = 2
(r|) (i) = i==| - = = |=| |= ==
(ii) :=in) - == ===| |= == 1+1 = 2
c. = - =+ =|=, + =|+|==, + i-n =, )=+==, =-| =|= +++ = 2
==|= - =i+-+|== = n|, )=+==, + i-n =, == =|=
(=|=i|= =| i=+: =| =r| +r=|= | -= = = i==| )= =| =-n r|)
:. (i) = = r||=| ==|=| | += =|= + =n| =: +
(ii) =| =| === r||:| r , +r =r - = r=| r +
(iii) = | + =-= == + =: =- r = | + =-= =| == += : =- r + 1+1+1 = 3
s. (i) ) = ==|=| =| = = = =| = | =| -|| =r| ==| =| ==|+
(ii) = -|=| ;|| = =n =| = =| r r +
(iii) - -r := =|-| + =|= : =| =|ir)+ 1+1+1 = 3
+. (i) =+=| n =|
(ii) =+= n =|
(iii) = + |= n =| = 3
104
+. (i) = | = i=|
=| i+=| = = =-| r i= =: |+ -||=.||n| r i= = | = = = r- r )
-|| == + = | = + = =| = =r| =:| r + 1+1 = 2
(ii) =n = ==n = +-|| | =n = - n =| ==| = =:|r|| = +
i== + =| =n = r- r ) -|| ==n = +-|| | - n =| ==| + +|=|
=| = : -= =r| r-|, ==| + =| = | = = += = r- r ) -|| =: |+
=== + = = = - r + 1+1 = 2
(iii) +=| i= + =: |+ =| -r n|=| =r| r + ===| :.|| = = in+=| =| =| =|
-|| i- r| =: r + 1+1 = 2
t+t
(i) === =|
==| =| =-+=| = ==|=+ 1+1 = 2
(ii) =|:n += r := = i+: = - || - =| i- +i+- = = =+ i=+|) r )
r +
=|:n + = i- | + |i|=| =| ==| =|+= : - r + =i+ =) ==|= =| ==|
=-| r + 1+1 = 2
(iii) =i+ =|:n = |= r =-| r i= -||- =| += = =| =| -| = ;|| = =|
=| =+-i==| | = =+| = -| : + z
. (=) =| || | ==| n , |= |, |=+ .| ==, .| +| | =| ,|+ s
(i+-rt st= i+-t tstt +t n rt i:tsj
(r|) + i==| = =|| i=-|) =) -+ +i| = -|| =-r = r|: =+= =| -r n= +
=r =+= + | r| = = +rn r| = = ==|+ s
(=) = -= = + || -| : = +|n|, ==|r =| = =| == +|n|, =| +| = ir|n ==n
= ==|=, +| = -|| + ||-||+ =| = =| == +|n|+ s
(|) ) = =i+- r| : =| =| ==n-| = =r++ | -| i==| i=+| r =- r + ==n-|
= i.|r| + +r =- r ) n| = == ===|= n=- r -| = =-=| = = n| = r|
===| =r|| ==- r + s
105
z. (i) = = -||||+
(ii) =i= i= i=i=, ir= r n= , +=-+|-, ==-==+
(=| : )= =:|r|)
(iii) = =| =+| = i: = |= | :|+= = ==|= = : + -|- r| - r +
(iv) =+= n =|
(v) =+ =| = :+
t+t
(i) + |=| == i-=| , -| = =| : i+|| = = :-| =
(ii) = = = i|=| = r|+=|: r| : =|+
(iii) r|| =| n|-== + ||= .|:|+n| =|| = = |
(iv) = = = i|=| = r|+=| =i+=| =| i=|-= | = n| ==-||+=|+
(v) -|| =| =|+ --| =| | ===| -|==| =| :.|| =| ==| r +
s. (i) ===| :=| =|+= = i-= -|| -= + -| --|i+- = = r= | i===, + -
)+ = =-+ i=-||= =| ||, i===| +|n= =-r| = i==|+ z
(ii) |= =| =r||+
+=| i= + =: = r=| r| = = =||-=|| )= == =|| -|| | + 1+1 = 2
(iii) =+|=| = i:=| = i===-=++|= = :|+ = =|=|| =| r|n- = -|| =r|
==+
=+|=| +|n| ==-| = :|+ = -|| ==| r|+ 1+1 = 2
t+t
(i) =|: =| = = + | = +|n| =| = r=| =r - ||, ===| i==-| ==| |= =
r| =|, +=| i= :== : r| | -|| =: =|)=|+ z
(ii) =|: = -= =| +
+=| i= + += +|=-= | ==|| =| .||-n =|=| =-|| =| + :|= =-
| + + =r|= =i+-+ = =+|=| | + 1+1 = 2
106
(iii) =n =| +i+| i= ==| | |=|i== .|| i- + :|= =-| r +
+=| i= =|: =| == i- -|| ==| , .|| i- | + || : -| r + 1+1 = 2
1. (=) + i=, =i+-=| = + i- ==-| = |:-=-=|= =+-= ==|+
.|r =| =| := =:|=|+
=== =| =:|= = =-|| =| +=- =|=|+
= i- =| = + i- n| =| =| =- = r| =| =|ir) i= + =-r =|=-= || r| ,
=|+= | =|=| = =| = =-|) , === = = i|- =|= == |=| i=- = + 1+1 = 3
(r|) i+-| | =| n = =| ir :| + |=|i+=| |=-| .||n| = +|n =|+
i+-| = =|n = =| r|= -||+=|, .|+=| =+-||+, i+=|| = ==|+ =
=+-= = | :| -|| =|: = i=|| = + .| =| = == | =| =|:|+|| =
=|r i==n= =| i=| = =|= = in) + || :|+
.||n| = +|n = =|ir= =| ==== =| : i= :|, + =-=| =| === ==|,
=r= ==| | | :| n=| = =i== -||= n =| i=r||=|+ 1+1+1 = 3
(=) =r =r= i= :i-r|=-+ ||| = i=|=| = +:= =| i====, + ||n| =r| +
= == - =|==| = = n|= i=|=| ;|| =+:| =| -|||| =| + =| = r | r +
.|= -n|, =|=| | = = i= =| +=| = = :-|| ;||+ s
(|) =| + = = =|- + =| | .|r=|: +|:= +i+| = =-=+
= n==|: | =- n==|: =| =|, =+ | :|:| = == + i- r )+
=|=| | =|=| = +i+| = + ||+
=|-| =|n| | = n| ==| = + ||+ 1+2 = 3
s. (=) =: =|= =| r|| = == +|n =| +
+=| i= r=|| = == i- =| )= =| .| :-r| =i+-=| =| : = r + + + = -||
r| = | -= :=| r| = + -|| i=-n =r| = - + 1+2 = 3
(r|) ) =| : i= = =-r| = n r|= =| | : r|| = = === )=| - = i+= +
==| r| +
n r|= =| =+i=|i- =| =|| = =-r| = =| : ==|r =r| i:r||=|+
107
= i+|| + = =| = + :i.| - i==|+
i==| = i-|+|:= i==| | r||| r||= =| =r|+ z
c. (=) == =| = | =n = += |+=| = i-|- =r= = =- r + n= =| ==i+ i+-|
= i|= n=|+ || i= - i++:| = === =|n= =|-| = | =n = r| |= n =|
i=|+: ===-| r + =r =|- =| =| =r-|| =| + i-+|i:- =-| r + 1
(r|) = -| = r==== | =|: -|| n= r| ||+ i=-|| = = = | .|i==| =| )=
=|n =| ==| r | + +r i=-|| -|| r====| |- n ir|=| = == = =-=| r=
==| r| ||+ = = := =: i= == =|: -| -||| = ===| == = = =|i=- ||,
| r|= ||, === -||--=|r i== .| -= ||+ 1
:. (=) =: | | |n= ==| =| =-=- =| =: , + | =| =|=-=| == |=| = ==|=|
==|, :=|-| + =-| == | | .|=| =| =+=|| =| =: + ==| = :| =| |
ri=|n|, = | +-|=|| =| + = | i==| ==|+ z
(r|) ir=i.|r| =n =- -| = ==|= r + + = i- == = =+ = =n = = r =-| r |
==| = =r| == i+|n= |-| | + |i|=| =| =|= = =|-| r + z
(=) = = =:| ;|| :| =: i+: .|| || i-=| = =| = n =| i+: .|| +=|| =|
r| n| = =n|=|+
= -= =| = = + = =| ;|| ==:=-| =|= = in) =r= + r||:| =|
|| -| +r== .|| = =|- =|=|+ z
(|) ir| i.|=| == =| =in=| = = =- r ) =n r ) +| + n =| ==n| =|=| =|
: r|= n r|= =| |+=| n=|+ =r| = -| i- r : i= == i+==| = r | r| =| -=
i=| |=| i=|| = + -||+ = = n=| r | =i+- -||+ === = ==| r| =|+ =r
: .= n r|= = -= = =| :-=| =r| = ==| i= === =+ = =| i+==| = =|
-|| +-| =r= = i==|+ z
-=-t-n rvt s
ir :|
rt s +'
. (i) +=| +|=| + = 1
(ii) =++ = ||| + r| = +i-| =| ==| r| -| r +
108
(iii) =+ =| i+=-| == + =| +=|= = i++|r r| -| r | i= +i+| ==-|
r +
(iv) +i+| === = = +i-| =| =| + +-| r -|| +i+| = |:=| = r=- == =|
i=-=| n|-| r == +i+| = =| == r||-| | -|| =-| r , +r ===| ==|: r
| === =| ==-| r , +r ===| = +i-| r +
(v) |+=|+= =| .|i+- =-|| r , ===| =-= = +i-| = i==== -|| =++ =| = =-
== = in) r | r +
(vi) =i=n-|) =: =: r , n|r|| -n|r| n| = =r = i=n| -|+=| = )=-: = = i= +
r= =| i++.| r + = |= =|==| r| ==| r + z
(vii) = +i-| =| ==|= =| r | ===| |+.==-|= =| i=n +
|+|||+|, .|| ||, : -= =r| r| =| -|| ==|= r| .|r|n r| =|+ +=1
(viii) =|=+ ==|= =++ =| i+=-|
(-= =+= +- .||| = -|| =+|=|= r +)
(ix) =r - =|=| i|=,
: =r-| =i=|: +=1
(x) ==-| ==|=-|
i++i-| +=1
(xi) +- + ==,
=+ - =+== +=1
z. (i) :|=| : .+ i+ = -= ||= =| + -|= =| + i-=+ r , :=in) == == r : =|
=|r-| r + i+ =-= : .+ = + i- === == = )=i= -|i+- ==+ | |=||
i+.+|= =| -||+ i=ir- r + 1+1 = 2
(ii) = = n- + i-= n +ii=|i-=| =| ==|= (-==|) =+ = =r= =| -=| r= =|
= : .| | = =|=-| = = == =|= = = i+=in- r| = =| = : .|+ 1+1 = 2
(iii) |:=| =| i:n ==|| = -|| r , :=in) == =| =| +:|= =|ir)+
|-| =| =| =|=| r , :=in) == :=| =| +:|= =|ir)+ 1+1 = 2
109
(iv) =+= .|: =| | r - =|=+-=|| = = r| =| =-+=|+
:=in) ==| =|r-| r , +=| i= =+= = r| | |= : =| + -|= r , -
+= =+=| =| =+= = =r|= ==|=| =|r-| r + 1+1 = 2
t+t
(i) .|||= =-||||| -=|=| =|=|| += + =|=|-= =i+- = =|+= =
= i.=n + :| == = r + 1+1 = 2
(ii) = = | + + i-| +|n n| = ==|= = -|=, |- = | ir =| = n|= = =|| ====|
==- =| r r + === -|= | | -= = == -|=-||- r , =-r | == = ==|
r + i+| | = =| n= +|n| =| : =r| + z
(iii) :| -r = i=i=== =| = r| r - )= + =| = n| =| = == =| = |:=| =|
: = =-r =-= ==|) + : = + =| := =|=|-= n| =| =| :== |- = = + -||+
= ==|) | ==| =n =:|) + 1+1 = 2
(iv) : = + + i-| = n| =| =| =| : =|= ==|= =-= ==|= = r + z
rt s rt'
s. i== |
-| i==|+ =-|+=|
i+|= - + i-+|:= s
=+= r|
-||||-.| ,-|
+ =- i-=== -||+ z
e
1. +|
| -| + - =| | +=|i=-|) 1+1 = 2
(+-|, i:=| =, = =| |=, ==|+=) i+|= =|== | + + =- i- z
-||||-.| ,-|
(+| =| | +=|i=-|) :|) = r| |+| =|) = , :| =| =+|= - =| =|) ) s
110
rt s v'
s. (=) (i) n = =) - == = i==| +=1
(ii) i:r||=| - === = i==| +=1
(r|) (i) =r - - i==|i+.| || == +=1
(ii) :=in) - == ===| |= == +=1
c. s - + =|+|== =+ =|=, === + =| )= +==, + i-n =, =-| =|= +=1
tt+t - = |+|== i+.| ||, i+.| =- =|| )=+==, + i-n = +=1
(=|=i|= =| i= +: =| =r| +r=|= | -= = = i==| )= =| =-n r|)
:. (i) - = =- + =|| | =| = -||: =| +- = =|=| i=r||| +
(ii) = = r| =| r| == + |- =|n r| -| r , +r += =|= + n= =|-| r +
(iii) : .| =| = .||i=- = +| =|ir)+
s. (i) +|= +|n = ;|| =|= =-| i:=| ==|+
(ii) =| = ;|| = | =| -|| =r| =| ==-| =| = ;|| = | =| -|| =r| =|-|+
(iii) = -|=| = : .| = in) +=| == = = =|= i:=|+
+. (i) = + |=
(ii) =+=
(iii) =+ -||
rt s tt'
+. (i) -= |= || = ==|= =r -|| =|=|-= |= | r , |= | + |=| | == ||+
||= = = = =|| = = = ==|+ r= |= | =| -| = = n|-|-r|i= =r| : r|- + z
(i+-rt :t ix : t +t n rtj
111
(ii) n-=| =| +.| |= =r =-|=| =|r- r i= = =|n = r ==|| | =i|=
=| || r + -|i|= = n = .|| = =+ = i+.+--| = i+r=|- r + =|| -+=+|
= |r =| =r| r + z
(iii) = = +=| -| =|| = =n + := + +| =| |=|| = i+r|= = = |r =||
=| :|= = : i:=| ||+ = = =r= =|r =| -| =|| =| += == = =|= |n|
||+ z
t+t
(i) i.|.| = = ==|- r ) i:r|= +|n =)=| = :| -| =| = : =i+ = in) =r|
r +
) =| =| = -= = -|| + || -|= +|n| n= r| r + 1+1 = 2
(ii) == = = | n = == r )| n-| =i- r +
+ =i+ =| ==n = ==|= + -|- r| - r + 1+1 = 2
(iii) == = =| =n =+.| = i== =, =| )+ -||+r|= =|=+ r := -|| =| =n, ==
)+ -||++ | == =|-| r + z
. (=) =| i+=| = =+= =| = | - + = =+| = =| =| i==| =-|= === + i- +=|
=-= + = + == i==| r +
=== in) = | r|in +-|| =| n=| = ==|= r , i=== + = =| =-r| =
: :-|+ + = += r := = ==| r|| r +
=| i+=| r || = |-= | =| = n=|) r-| r + 1+1+1 = 3
(r|) -|| |==|| =| =r= =| =+= +- === =r| |=| r +
|==|| = += == =| : = n-|| , =i==| | -| n| =| =-n r| ==|
+-| r , =i+ =r ==| =r| =|r-|+
=i+ =| ) =| n=-| r i= ===| |==|| = ) =| = = -|| =r| r i===
: =| =| = = + || i=n == +
=i+ = = | =+r|= =| +|| =r| ===| =|r-|+ 1+1+1 = 3
(=| : -|= i= : + i-|-)
112
(=) =||| = = r =| =| -|| =-+=| = =|=|
= r| =| = =- || = -|===|
: i+||= =- ==i=|i-
===|= = n |=| = ==|
+ |=| == i-=| = +|=| = = | +|=| 1+1+1 = 3
(=| : -|= i= : + i-|-)
(|) =-|| += =+-=| := + =+ = ==|
|= =| =: +=| = ==|- |= | =| = == = in) r , =n= = in) =r| +
+=| |-| || +|= -| i=- = r| =|, = =|| =|+= = = |= r +
n=| r| = + -|| n=| = =| =- i:r|=| || - =|r=| )+ i= ===
r=|+
+=| =| =n -||+=|| (+ =, ==-|, | = |i:) =| =|= =- ==|+ 1+1+1 = 3
(=| : -|= i=-: + i-|-)
z. (i) = = -||||
(ii) =i+-| = :
(iii) =|=+|=|=+=
(iv) i.|.| =| == = ==|= = in) +|= =+| |: -=| = = == =-|= =| =-+=|
=| r +
(v) + i- +|= =:= =r|+ =|n= == - rn|+ - r n=|+ = =|-=| |i:
t+t
(i) =|= = = =r|= = += - = +| =| := =| i=|| r +
(ii) += - =| =| := += == + r + =|| | ==n , = n, + , r --| +-|| =|
.|| -||-| = =i+ =| | r| =r| r= r| r +
113
(iii) = = =| + i+-=| = n|+| =| : -|| + i+-+
(iv) =r=, =n )+ n== +- -||||
-== + ||= .|:|+n|, |n =|i=-|, =| =n=| - +:|+n|
(=| : )=)
(v) + ==i+- + =|.| n =|+
s (i) n ir|=| = i+-|=| =-r | = r| = +|n| =| i=| = .||i=n r| = : - | i= -
| = =|r n =| = =|| =| n=|=|, r -|n ==| =-r =|+= : ||, ==i=
n ir|=| = == =-| ||+ z
(ii) +=| i= i+-|=| ;|| n=|=| ==| r = |= === in) =r = r| ==| ||, -
i+: | r =| -||+=| = =-= n in=|+ z
(iii) i=| | | += =|) - =| n=|=|, r-|n =+|=|, n=| = =|| | ==|+
=r i=ni=n| |= -: = =|| .||:| == = =|: +=- r |+ 1+1 = 2
t+t
(i) |= -|| = : ||= =| |i+=|, -|| =| =|==|| | =r|=|=+ = =+ =+
=|= =|= +|n| =| =-| --- := =+| =| = == i- =|=| r +
(ii) =-=-| = == i- =| +i||= r +
|= i+=|.| = =||=| =| |i+=| == ===| =|=+-=-=|| = i+=,
+ =| = == = +i||= =| n r|= = =-=-| =|=| r + 1+1 = 2
(iii) |i+=| == =| =| =-| = == i- =| = n ||| r +
=-=|| =| -||+=| = =|-| = == + +r = == i- =rn|-| r + 1+1 = 2
1 (=) =-r| = =|.|| = r= r| +=| := =n| =| i=r||| | i+.+i+r=|-
r )+
+ =|n|=| = = i: = .|r=|: =| i=|= i==i=- =+ = =- | +
+ =r| -|| =|- , =|.|| =| | r| = r| == .|r=|: ==|- +
=|.|| = r ) : =| = ===| r := =i|- r |+
114
=|.|| =| =n|: == , = n= = =| ==| i=| |i:+
i=-= : r|=|, r= =|= == -|, = r = = -||= n =| |i:+ 1+1+1 = 3
(i=-r| -|= =| =-n r|)
(r|) = == - =|==| = + |= - =| n=| i=|=| = =+: r| = =| + =|| =r| r , ==
=== =| n=|n =| -|||| + |= - r| ||+
+ |= === = -|| = = i=|=| i+: || || , i=-r| = = -= i+;|=| |
= r =+|i:=| = =+= = |) | +
-||- = + :-= || + -= , =|r=|, .||=||| == +|n| = i.|i-|- =|i=|
r : + 1+1+1 = 3
(=) + i.- ==|= -| - =r| | +
+ i.-| =| i=+| r ==| =|=- | , = -=|=| + |= ) =| =r| =- +
+ n| =| =| r|| =-r|= n - + === : r|-:: = .||i=n r| - | + 1+1+1 = 3
(|) = r|-: r| =| -||+=| = + | +
+ |-= = = =|: =-r| = + |+| =| : = i++|r = in) =|== -| = i:=|+
+ r| =| ==|- | =|- =|- , ==| =| +=| =|r= =|=- | +
+ +=| ==|: ==| =| ==i+ - =- | + 1+1+1 = 3
(i+-rt st= +t n rtj
s. (=) r| =| =r| = = i==| )= +-| =| -= = =- =-| + i-|- s
(r|) + )= : .|-|+- | +
= -||| =| =| = i- = =r| |=||=-=|= ||+
= i- + =.= =| = r| =|, =|-=| n= + =| = =.= =| n==|, |
n=|= +|n = =| = i=n|=|+ 1+1 = 2
(i+-rt :t +t n rt i:tsj
c. (=) =| =| == r | +|=-=+ | + + i-|
== =| = | =n = i=+= =+ = =| = i-|- =r= = =- r + 1+1+1 = 3
115
=| =| =r-|| =| +| =+
:= i= : | =| i+=-| -|| + i-+|:=, .| n| | -|||| = in) )= =+ (3+1 = 4)
(r|) i= -| + =:r+|=| = =|| -
+ :.| =i+ =-| =| :.|| =|+
==|| - | = =i-|n-|+
=| =| =|-| + =-|| = n|= =| : i=| = = n +|=|+
= i=-= :| i|=|i=| ;|| i=) =) =|= +
=|+n =| =| + + i-|+
:| ||| +| =| -||+=|+
=|= = = ==|| +|=|+ z
(i=-r| :| i= :| =| =-n r|)
=|=i==-|- = n|=| =|
+ i-+|:=, .| n| | -|||| = in) )= =
(2+1+1 = 4)
:. (=) =|-|-i+-| = =|| r=+
+=| =|=| =| i:r||=+
=|-|-i+-| ;|| i=r||: =|-| = =i= n =+
=== =|| r| n=+
===| =|- =|==+ 1+1 = 2
(i=-r| :| =| =-n r| + i-|-)
(r|) := + =| =| |=||) | n| = i+.+|=, +|+-+ = =| +||||) =| : .|
= i+==|= r + z
(=) : n|| =| = -= = +rn| =| +i== r|| =+| =|=| = r ) ==n| : =n =
r | ||+
: n|| r|| =+| +|n| =| | = + i-; ;| ||, = -= ==|r| +|n| =| |
= + i-; ;| ||+ 1+1 = 2
116
(|) ===|+= )+ + |= i-= = - n= =+i=|-
+|: | - :-+|:| + =-|
=== r=| = - n=
=+|== =| + -||i+- ==| 1+1 = 2
(i+-rt :t ix : t +t n rtj
117
ir :t (t: v+ x'j
i=tt its nv s tt - it+s + ee
i=: -t (i) := + .=+| = =| r| r - =, r|, = | |+
(ii) =|| r|| = + .=| = =-| : =| i=+|= r +
(iii) =||= -|+ + .=| = =+-||=| = =-| ==.| inir|)+
-=t n rvt 1
rt s +'
. i=-=inir|- ==| .| =| =|=+ + = +:= =|= i:) =) + .=| = =-| :|i=)
+ +| = ===- == =| =| =|i- )= r| r - == = =|i-+ =|=+ =| =|=+ = = =| :
-| : r| -| r , = r| ==-| r + = =| = i==| -|| -||= =| r= +|n| +=| = r| +r, ===|
)= =|| +i== =r r i= +r =|=+ r , :-=|= r + + | -| = =|=+ = i==| + =| =|
-| :-||+=| =r| ||+ =+= =|=+ = +|=+i= -| : =| ==| =| r + i|=|-=| | =
=== =+|| =| -||+=| =| =-= r |, i= :== -= = = -| :| =| :|+| = r||
r| =: + : i==| = -=|= ==| =| = = =r| =+|| -||+=| r , i=== += +|) ==
=|- r +
=| -= = : |, : =|==|r, = r-=:, = --=, =|== |i: =r|+ =|| = = =| = .||i--
=+=|| )+ =: -||+=| = + =| = in) |= = =|== = == = =| +==-=|| = +|
=| i=: .| i==|, i=-- =|: = =r| |= == = = r|| = )= =| == ==|+ |= =
=|= + ++|- r |+ == = =|i- i++-= r| =: + + || -|| == = .| -|= i, =
|=| -=|: = =.| = r ) | r| === +|n =| =| ==== n= ==| r +
||i= = i+.+|==i=- -| :-||+=| = |-| + = || -|| i==-| =| r| r + i+n|= =|
+ =i- = =||-=|| = =| = =||=| = -| -+ + + i, r : r + =n- : .|| = : i=| ==
r| =: r + = )= : .| : = : .| =| =| -r =|== n= ==| r | i+i-|-= : .||
= |+=| === =|+ : r| = n= r + i= -|| = =| = +| -| : =| ====| |= -|| i==|
= i==| =+ = +- =|= r + =-|| ==n, =-|| =, =-|| +| , =-|| =|i- = =|= + = =
n| = == -|+ | =+r| =- r r + -| :-||+ = := =n = =| -|| i==|=| r| =|+
118
=| r| , = =| = == == = )= r + ===- -| : = i|= r | i== ==- r + = - =|
= -|= r =|=++ i+.+ = ===- =|+| = -= r | === =|= .|i+ r + + -||
r , i.|-|| = =|+= + =| =|+ i.|-|| =|=+|= = -=| = =r+ = + i- =|===-| =+-=
== =| )= =|| =||= r + :== r= += =| == + =| =| = =|| -| = =n | =
= + == +=| : i= =| i== n | i+=-|| ==| ==- r +
(i) ==| .| =| =+= + .||| = inir|)+
(ii) =|=+ = +|=+i= -| : =| -||+=| = = |:
(iii) =r|+ =|| = == = =| =-=||- +| =| i=: .| = = | +=| i:=| z
(iv) |= == = = r|| = )= =| = = == ==|
(v) ||i= = -| :-||+=| = +=| i==-| =| r| r
(vi) |= +| -| : i== =+| = i:r||: +-| r
(vii) i.|-|| = =|+= + =| =| + -|| +=| r
(viii) : .|| = : i=| == +=| r| =: r
(ix) = i|-i+= : =|i=) - |=| -=|:, =+|| +
(x) =+== | + == n= =|i=) - = =|| , =r-++
(xi) i= +|+= = =:in) - ===- -| : = i|= r | i== ==- r +
z. i=-=inir|- =|=| .| = ||| + i:) =) + .=| = =-| :|i=)
=| =-==| = :|-= = =- i===| |-|
== i=| = == =| =| =| || n :| -
= r-=-||| -||- =| == =| n :| +
+r =|n| r , +r r| .|= r , r= === r ,
+r = i: r , +r = - r , r= === r ,
=|=| r =|| + |.||+| :-=|,
+r = == i-=| = =| = +|:-=|,
===| : r| +=| =||| = ==
119
r= =-=- r| - r ===| : r|=+
=- | ===| i=- = -= +i||= :| ,
= n= r| r |-|, =|+= :|= :| +
=n =r| +i+- = = == :|n=|
r +| = -||=||| i==|n=|
r= = =-| = -|| -| r )= r|,
r = == = =|-| =:| i++ = r|
= i-, |= i-, = == i-, -|||| = +|=-
== r ) r i=n- -= n- |=- +
|=||| =| ==|r= = n|-| +=|
= i=n =| r= : = -|n| =+|= +=|
)= r| = = | =i|-=|i|= r r= -
i=r| = n| =| -|| :== =| :| ,
= r-=-||| -||- =| == =| n :| +
(i) =| : | = = ==, i===| |-| =- r
(ii) +r .|: i=== in) + = + r | r
(iii) =- | = +=| i=+ := i==| ==| r
(iv) =i+ =| -||- i==-i== =+| = i:r||: : -| r
(v) +i+- = |=|= =r| r| -| - =r ===|= = in) =i+ = i===| =:|r|
i:=| r
(vi) == + i+=| =| =: | - =|i=), i===| |.|= r - =i: r=|| )=-| +
=| : = == |-| r -| r= i++ =-= i, = == + i+== + |- =- r +
(vii) |.|= =+= =|i=) - )= r| = = | =i|-=|i|= r r=
i=r| = n| =| -|| :== =| :| + z
120
t+t
i=== =+: .| =| =|= -||,
|=|:| =| i-|=|= -||,
=| i=-| = +| + =: |),
=| =r|+ n= = = ==|),
=| i-= := -= r = ,
: i:) + ||, + =r| r= ,
=| : .|-|= =| + :| +,
: = ==-= r| =) =,
: +-i-n= -||- nn|=-
===| = | +rn| + ||=+
i= + =| | || == -||||,
= r |= : .== = |,
=||| = +i+-= ||= == ,
=| +|n|= r|-ir=+|= == ,
r = = r i+ = =: +,
=|||| = ++ - =:=,
=| -=|=-=|i- =| i+ - r ,
-||- = in) ==i+ - r ,
=|i- - i=== =r ||-||=,
== +|| =| = | + ||=+
,|=- =i+ =| ====|,
: n -| r = :-+ = = r|,
:==| == + r| +|- r ,
121
=| =: =|n + |- r ,
r = i- = i+.+ = +|- r ,
++ - =| i:n :rn|- r ,
| = i|+ |--= == .|+ ,
= n =| i+ =| =+ r|+ ,
=| i=-+ |, =|=|, =|=-
===| i+ - = | + ||=+
(i) =i+ === +rn| + ||= i=-r =-| r z
(ii) i= r| = |-| | = = r= +|n| =| i== i+.| |-|| =| =i+ = =-|=|
r
(iii) +-i-n= : = =| +=| -|+= r
(i) =i+ === +rn| + ||= i=-r =-| r
(ii) i= r| = |-| | = = r= +|n| =| i== i+.| |-|| =| =i+ = =-|=|
r
(iii) +-i-n= : = =| +=| -|+= r
(iv) : .== = +| i== =+| = n- r
(v) |-| =| =.| = n= =| =|- i== + i+=| = =r| =: r
(vi) =i+ =| =i+-|=+| = n| =| r| =| = +|- r
(vii) |.|= =+= =|i=)- =| =|n|= r| - ir=+|= == +
rt s rt
s. i=-=inir|- = = i==| )= i+|= + i:) =) = = --i= : | = ||| + )= = = :
inir|) s
(=) r+rt *t+= + in vtvt
.|| | == =| =+=|-|
=|=|=, |==, + |||=|=
122
r||=+|= | r=-=r=
=+=| =i+ =+=| +i+|
(r|) n-tt--t+= +t i-t-ttt
+ + .| | |== = r|
=|= == + =- i- = =|=
=|r=|, ==|r+| =
=|= == ==|i- +
(=) rs+tnv
+ + .|, = = , === = -| --|=
+ =-= , =| =- | n - r )
+ =-=| = = =| +=| =r|
i===| =| i=| = +|n=
1. |+= = =n| = r= +|n += i=| =| =-=i:= =| =+r| =+| +| == = -| =|,
=| == =r| i=n|+ := = = | = |= ||-|= =| )= i.|=|=-| +| inir|)+ s
t+t
+= i+=|n= = + ||=|=|= =| + || =|-+| inr|= i=+ := =|i=) i= i|=-= -
i|= r| n =| =|=|= i+=|n= = =+n| =|=| =|)+
rt s v
s. (=) .|: | +: = +=| - r , =:|r| : = =+= =|i=)+
(r|) i=-=inir|- +|+= = r|| i=- +:= | =| =|= =-|:)
= -||| : -| - =|r=| +| | +
(=) r|| i=- +:| =| +:-+i== :|i=) z
= = = =|-===| :| =| =i:=| + =|= = : r|| +
123
c. (=) i=: .||= =| +|+=-==| =|i=) z
(i) = | =| - === + in= = i+=|.| =|= =| += in=|+ (i= +|+=)
(ii) +r = =|== |= i= ==|+ (= = +- +|+=)
(r|) ==| = = =| +|+= =| -| : inir|) z
(i) ) =| =| = =i+ r =| = r|| =r| r=| =|r-|+
(ii) = =| := r | | + += =|= + =n i:)+
:. i=: .||= =| =-| inir|)
(=) =r| :=, =|||+|= (= i|= : =|i=))
(r|) + .=+ =-|, + i- + )=+ (= i| =|i=))
(=) i=-=-i==| -|, =r|= -| i-+ (===- +:| =| i+= r =|i=))
(|) =r|=|, = r-i:r||: + (===- +:| = ==|= =| =|= inir|))
s. (=) i=-=inir|- = = i=-r| :| = r|+| =| + =| = +|+= = := + =| =|i=)
i= | =+= r| =|) z
(i) +r| r| =|+
(ii) n=-| =|- =r=|+
(iii) i== = = = -= = r| =|+
(r|) =|= inr| +|+=| = i+ =||= =| + i- =+= + = r|+| | n| =| i+ ;||
=|i=) z
(i) = =|+ = :| =| :n| = r| = + =| i==| r , : r|=| r i= ............ = -|
r +
(ii) : .+ = = , |= = =|=| + =|= -| - -r| =+ ................ = =
=|) = +
+. i=-=inir|- +|+=| =| .| , == inir|) 1
(=) = +:| r +
124
(r|) == =| == =|= =| : | i+n|| +
(=) - = +r| +=| : r||
(|) i+-|=| =|| + |) = +
rt s tt
+. i=-=inir|- =|=| .|| = = i==| + =| +:= + = =) + .=| = =-| inir|)
|r = =| i==| =| = +||= r|
- = ==|- r| r=| =) =|i=n
=-r =| =.= := =.= = =|: r
i= :=| =| - = i=n r| r =n
=| | n| += = = === =|i|=|
= - -r| r+|n +-= =|i|=| +
(=) =| =, i=== + -|| = r| r
(r|) =i+ i==r| |r +||= =r| r| = =| =|- =r-| r
(=) i= :=| =| - = i=n r| r =n = =i+ =| +=| -|+= r z
(|) |.|= =+= =|i=) - z
=| | n| += = = === =|i|=|
= - -r| r+|n +-= =|i|=| +
t+t
=r|= -| i- =|ir), =r|i+-| i- r =r|,
+.||= -| =: + r ==| r : =+= =r|+
i+=,+|: = , =| :=|-+ +|r = =r|
i+=|- n| =+= +=| = =|== = =| r|
r| +r| =:| r +| +=| =| =
+r| == = r i= == = = in) = +
125
(=) =i+ i== +|=-+ = == = =|=-| r
(r|) =r|i+-| i- i== =r| ==| r | +=| z
(=) =:| i== =r| =|)=|
(|) -||+ =+= =|i=) i+=: |+|: = : | =| :=| + +|r = =r|
i+=|- n| = += +=| = =|== = =| r| z
. i=-=inir|- = = i=-r| -|= + .=| = =-| :|i=) 33 = 9
(=) =||=|: = |= | =| =+ =|| | =| +| = = = i==| r === +: =
||| + =-|:)+
(r|) =| -=| = :|+= =n =i+-| = =+i=|| :|+= = =n= =| |=r
+=| = r| r
(=) i+|=- = i=n| =|=| =| = -||n= +=| r|| =|-| r -| + =i+-| =
||| + inir|)+
(|) -||+ =| -:= =+= =|i=) - =irr == - | ir=| = ir= =| =|-+
z. (=) |= |-| ==| r : -r= =|i|=| := + i+ = =i+ |-| = =| = +=|
=r=| =|r-| r z
(r|) ++- + : .| = +|+= =i+-| = ||| + inir|) i= ++ -|= -| || = +|+=
=- = +=|-+=| +i+- = r| - r + s
s. i=-=inir|- ==| .| =| =|=+ + = +:= + = =) + .=| = =-| inir|) 23 = 6
--| | )= = = | =::=| =i+ ||+ =: + : =| =| =r|=-| = in) -+ r-|+
+= =| + +|n| =| r| =r| i+- == = ;|++|i==| =| = +| ==| +=| =-| =
===-| ||+ === := =|= =| +=r = +r =i= - ||+ =-|| ===| |: =- + ++
= =|=- = == ==| =- | +r -||=|--||=| +r| +r = =|-|+ ===| =i++ -|
|=| = || r|, =|| r| |=|= =+-||+ =| +=r = n| = === =|= r=| =|r- +
+| +i= +| .||= = =|| +r +=| == = =: + )= n=| =| -n+| =| | r-|+
n| =| =| =- ||, =|+= : n=| =| r| = +, == -n+| = : -| - : +|= .|i+ ||+
(=) --| | =| |: =-|| n| = +=| =- |
126
(r|) n| = === =|= +=| r=| =|r- |
(=) --| | =| -n+| = =| = n| =| =| +=| i+.+|= ||
t+t
+rn r| i:= ===| +r n=| .| = r| =|-|+ = :|= =| +r = r|: ri=|n|, r+| =
rn= -rn= =| = , = ==|n =| +r ==n= :, ==;| = +r :| +-||-, +| n|=|n =| +r
- =| | = -|, = = n|- | i=+|= =+ = r|| = n =|-| | +r| =|- r| =
== = = -| n =|-|+ +r =|=n +| =|:=-= i=n, +r | r|=| + =-= , i==| =| =|: =
r-| | -||: =|r= =| ==|r- | ==|r- =| += i=n =|-|+ = === =|=
= -||=-|, ===| | r|| = : r= =| = =| =-|, == = := -r := +| + |-|
i= =-r r|= = r| + ===| == = | | =| | = + || i==n + r= .|| i= +
)= = =| -n+|-=| n==-| =|n = r| -|+ i= -|| = = =| - | i++i-| = =|= -||
|:=| =| r | =|=| = = |= = ==| r-| r , = ===| | | i==| r||= -||
r| n= : =| i-==| = = ==-| ||+
(=) =|:= = i=n =| +r n=| = +=|-+=| =|| |
(r|) -||: =|r= =| ==|r- | ==|r- =| += +=| i=n =|-| ||
(=) n r|= -||: =|r= = =|) = +=| -||==| =|r-| ||
1. i=-=inir|- = = i=-r| -|= + .=| = =-| inir|) 33 = 9
(=) =n=-|| = i;-|= =+- |-| i:+= i== + =| ==|=| ==| |=| =| )=
+-=| +| = ||| + inir|)+
(r|) = = =| : = = ||| + =-|:) i= =|+|=| n| =| =| =|=i== =|=|i=|
i|= +=| r| -| r
(=) -|=| === i=-= =r| , = -= n|: + inr|| =i+-| || - := =|= +
i=+|| =|i=)+
(|) i=i== =r|=| = ==|= =| i== i+= =i-=| =| | =|= i:n|=| ==| r
+= .|:| = inir|)+
s. (=) =|:- n| =| == n +| = -r- + +=| i=|=| =|r-| || =|- =
= ||| + =-| :|i=)+ s
127
(r|) + = i- = = - n= =| +=| +i||= r | r = =r| : =| = :r| = :r||
r| = +|n +| = ||| + inir|)+ z
c. i=-=inir|- = = i==| )= + .= =| =-| + = +| =+ =-= = === = ||| +
inir|) 1
(=) =| + = n| = |= =|| = + i- -|i+-||+=| = -| | + := -= =| =:|r|
=ir- =+= =|i=)+
(r|) =+=| = = i:= +| = ||| + +|.=|. = =| i=-r| -|= =|ii|=
i+.| |-|| =| =-n r| =|i=)+
:. i=-=inir|- = = i=-r| -|= + .=| = =-| :|i=) 23 = 6
(=) =| +| = :|== = :|:| =:n= =| =|- +=| =r| =| +| .| +n| = ||| +
inir|)+
(r|) rir =|=| =| == = =r - == | i|- | : |=|| == |= n=|
(=) =||| = = -| | =| = i= =| +=| i+.| |-| || =+=| = = i:= =
||| + =-|:)+
(|) r =|== .|=| =| =| =||| = =|| = =| =+r| ||
-=t n rvt 1
rt s +'
. i=-=inir|- =|=| .| = ||| + i:) =) + .=| = =-| :|i=)
=| =n || ===| +||| = , =n +r =r| r|| | = ,
= -=| = : :|, + =| = ||| i=n| =| | = +
+r || -|, +r ||, n= i==| | ri;=| =| :| =|,
i=== :n| |=| =r, +r || i+.| | : n -| =| =|
== =| n + = i|=, =| == = | i|= =n ,
== n =| i+|= i= === i:= =| = = =r| :n ,
128
) =| == = :=|: = r , =r| r|| =- =| | = +
=|n = =| =| r | -i== =|n|= =| i= |=|:| =|
|=|:| =| =r| | = n|=| ||=| r||:| =|,
-|| i-= =n = =n+|=| = , i== n =| =n -= +r|| -
== =|| =i- = |-| = | =| =| || =| =r||+
|| i=+| -n+|| =| ||, == -=n| = -| | = +
: = n =| =|||| =|=| i=-- =|||| =|=|,
)= = | = ==-| =|=| =n| =|| == +:-=|=|
===-:|i==| |-| || ==, =-=|= =| = ==|
:| =| = == = i+|=, =n +| r|| = in) =|+
== =i- = =| + = -|| ||, + = =r| +r || | = +
= - =| |= i:=| |= =| , |= -i+-| = =r i+=|,
r :=-+ = =+- |-| =| , === +rn i-n= i==|,
== i-= + r| =| -|| r == =|-| + ||= in=|,
|-| i=== =| == === , |=-|= =| =|= in=|+
) =| = += ===|, :i-r|= : r|-| || | = ++
(i) =i+-| =| =+= +- .||| = :|i=)+
(ii) i== + i+-=| = =r| ==| r i= =| || =| .|||i= | |--i= =+ i-|-= ||
(iii) -|| i-= =n = =n+|= i=-r =r| ==| r
(iv) =| || = i== = | = ==-| == =:
(v) -||+ =+= =|i=) - = - =| |= i:=| |= =| , |= -i+-| = =r i+=|,
r :=-+- = =+- |-| =| , === +rn i-n= i==|+ z
(vi) =|==-=|= = =| -| = = in) =| =: =||| = =| = =i+ = -||+| =| +=
.|:| = inir|)+
129
(vii) =| || = = :-| = |-| = i=== == =| =|- +=| =| =: r
t+t
-=||: r =|= i= | =| =-| nr| = == = =|,
=|=| = =+= n =| n-= == i=== =|+= =|
i+=n + =|=| = r| : =| + = -| =|| = -| =|-|,
=| | =-| i===| =i- = =+ ==|r i= - =|-|
++ - = i+.||n i.|r|| -=| =| += ===| r| r -|=,
i=== =|| + =|= = r| - =i== +| =:| n=+
=n r| r- =| = =| .||.| =|) - =|=| =
=r=.||n-|, : :-| r =-| i=== =| += = + ||| =
+ r| +|-=||| =| -| =r- r = = r| i== ,
+ =i- =|= =| =|| = =-| =| += : = =-| + =n=+
|= : .| =| -||=| |.|| ==| - -r|| r| -=||:
=) =-= =| .+|= - -r| : === r nr|: +
|= i+=- = = = +-= + - ==| =+ =| =|= ir|n|=|,
=+= = = =+=|+= + | + = -= :i-r|= inr||=|+
=| |= = =+=| += - =, i:.||-i:.|| =| = = |= ||,
=|= : .| = + ||, ==| :| =) + |- =| ==| =|=|+
|= i+.+ =| =r i:r|n| :| , r== -|| =|=| -=||: ,
=: i=| =| =: = -=| = r== -|| n| =|: ++
(i) + =- - =i+-| =| =+= +- .||| = :|i=)+
(ii) -=||: =| +=| i+.| |-| =-|: =: r
(iii) + =|=| = i+=n r| =|= + -||-|= = +=| = +=| + i-i==| r| -| r
(iv) = +=| =| - n=| i== = +=| =| =: r z
130
(v) : .| = =+= +=| =| =+= === : .| =| ==|= =| = : .| i== + i+-=| =
i:=| ==| r
(vi) -||+ =+= =|i=) ------- =: i=| =| =: = -=| = r== -|| n| =|: + z
z. i=-=inir|- ==| .| =| =|=+ + = +:= =|= i:) =) + .=| = =-| :|i=)
= | -|=| = |+|= =| i= = = == = = =|= : =| =|ir) | +=|
=|+= : .+ =| :i: =||=| =| = +| = ==i+ - = : =| =|ir)+ =|-| = =| =| = +|
=| + || = = i=n|, := i=ni=n = =r === = .|: r + -|| =| in= =|=| = ==
= |=| =| -| = =|-| = =| := i+.||n i+.+ = )= = : =n = -||- = =n=-||
== = =n| |: + := =r|==| =irn| =| |i+-|| + )= = =i= = ==||||| = =+
= r |+ =| = -| r| =| -|| == i:=|, +=|r|= =| +=|, |=r|= =| |=, | =| =|
| |i|, |.||r|= =| |.|| | = = | =| =|+= =| |.+|==+ |- , +|i- |
i==r|= == =| =| ==-|==| =| == =: + +
=|-| = =| ;|r +| =| |= = |=n = n| =| |= = | = =|+= =|=
= in) -||- |: + =n=-|| = n| =| = = = |= r|: == n = + -| =| n +:|= n=| +
=|: = + i+: =|n= =| + ||=|=|= == =: + =|+= =- ++- === =|+= = )=
+i+- = .| = r| ==| ||+ == n =| :|+| = == +| =| -| =|n ==-| = =|= + =|
=r|= -| i- = =|| +r| = =|= | = =r|| n| =| =| : r|-|| =|- = =-| || -| ===|
== i+||: = -| =|-| ||+
+ =-=|i==| == =: | =|= =:n= = =| r||+ )= i:= =-r n=| i=
= = =-r| = : =|| ==|r =| +||| = =|+ === in) = = =r += i+-| =| |r +|= ||+
= =-r| = :|=-:i: n| =| =| = +| = += =| + | -r n=| i:=|+ + )= -||-|=
=|| =| +| .||= +r== n=| + -||- =| r| =-r| = +=| : .| =|= in=|+ =-r| = = =
|= =||i+- i=)+ |= + : .| = = = == n, |=| | i=i==|n=, = i=i==|-= :
| =,||= ===| : = r + || -|| == =| i+.+ r| ===| == -| | == ==| ||+
:= =ir=|==| =| = :.| = = = =| = n| = i-|-| - r| =)+ == = i+.+ =
=|-| = =| =| = = + ==|| , =+|i|=| = =-=|i=- == ===| :i: )+ |- == =|
=| = +| =| =+|ji- + :|= =|+ =|-| = =| |= ===| == r==| =| = =+ = = r +
(i) ==| .| =| =+= +- .||| = :|i=)+
(ii) = =| =| :i: | =| = +| =| + || = = + |- r : +
131
(iii) r= = = =r ==- r i= = =| =| |i+-|| + ==|| =| ||| = =+ = r | z
(iv) -| =| n =| =|i+=| )= ==|=-= i+=| = = == =: z
(v) |+ = = =r =r- r i= = =| = -||- =| r| +=| : .| =|= in=|
(vi) -||- = = =| =| : = i== =+| = i:r||: : -| r
(vii) ===| = +|| =| i+.+ = i== + =| =+|ji- :|
(viii) i=-=inir|- = =+== | + == n= =|i=)
+i+- =, -||-|=+
(ix) i=-=inir|- = :| -:| +=| =+|=| .|: inir|) z
=| , == =+
rt s rt
s. i=-=inir|- = = i==| + i+|= + i:) =) = = - i=-: | = ||| + n=-|=
++ .|:| = )= = = inir|) s
(=) i|=| | =- =
i|=|| = =|+= =| = -||
r=|| =- = ------ === i|=|| =| -||
i|=| = =|| =- =-+|n= i=+|=
(r|) n| =- | | = =|+
n| =- | = n| = =| =r+
==-| =| |+|= = = r ) + i-i=i|
+ i-i=i| = == = n| =- | =| -||
=r| + i-i=i| = = = =
(=) =r| =|r +r| |r
:=|-.|i+- = ==|r | |==n =| =:=
==|-n== = =i= =|= = -|+
132
= =-+-.|i+- = =| ==n-|)
=|r r| -| |r i==n r| |-| r
1. ==|| =|=| n=| = |=-|||| ir :| =| i|=-= -i|= + =| = r| := = | | =
=|| i==| : i== +| = = +|:= = =|= +| inir|) i= + := i+|= + = +|:=|=
n r| + =|i.|- = + s
t+t
= = =| =|= =|n + == + |- = 1 == =|= -= r , i=== =|==|=| n| = n|-| =|=
= =i=|: =r= = =- r + = =-+ = |= =| +| inr|= = | | =|i=) i= =r
=|= =|n s == + |- = s == =|= -= == =| j+| = +
rt s v
s. (=) +: | .|: )= : = = i-| = = r
(r|) =|= i:) =) +|+= = r|| i=- +:= | =| =|= =-|:)
.=|= =| =| -||: = .| =n |=| ||+
(=) i=-=inir|- +|+= = r|| i=- +:| =| +:-+i== :|i=) z
=|= = |= = =r - + r +
c. (=) i=: .||= =| +|+= ==|:) z
(i) == =| + = r= +|n = |=| r + (i= +|+=)
(ii) = = = =|= += r||- = + = i==|n n|=|+ (= = +- +|+=)
(r|) ==| = ||| + +|+= =| -| : inir|) z
(i) i+=|.| =|=| r| ==| :=in) i+=|n= =r| =| ==|+
(ii) =| == == = + + -| =r| r| -|, +r =n =| |.|| +=| =
:. i=: .||= =| =-| inir|)
(=) |: .||= =|, =| = .++ (= i|= : =|i=))
(r|) =|+= + = .=, .|- + |= (= i| =|i=))
133
(=) |= -|+-, n|ni=n|+ (===- +:| =| i+= r =|i=))
(|) : .|-|i+-, =|n=|= (==|= =| =|= inir|))
s. (=) i:) =) = r|+| = = i=-r| nks =| +|+= = := + =| + =| = =|i=) i=
| =+= r| =|) z
(i) n| r = == ==|=|
(ii) = r| = =| =|=|
(iii) =+= r|| =|=|
(iv) :| = =| ==|=|
(r|) i+- =||=| =| + i- =+= +- = r|+| | n| =| i+- ;|| =|i=) z
(i) =| n| =|+ | += = :n|= = | =| =| =| - r| =: + --|| -| =r-
r =|=
---------------------------------
+
(ii) -|| -| i+-| =| ==|: + ==-| = r r| , | ==|| = -| |=|
---------------------------------
+
+. i=-=inir|- +|+=| =| .| , == inir|) 1
(=) .|r = =|=|| =| = n| r +
(r|) ==| =| =| n= =| == |:- |n=| =|ir)+
(=) |==n =r =|: = ==-| =| == -| :| r +
(|) ==| =| == r = =|+= +:|=|+
rts tt
+. i=-=inir|- =|=| .|| = = i==| )= =| +:= + = =) + .=| = =-| inir|) 23 = 6
= ==|, =|== n| , -| |
==| +| +|: = ++
=-.| | r =) r i== +
r = = +| -| + =+
134
| = =) || = =-|= .||n+
= r| | | , =n ==| -|n+
=| =-:-=|= = i+=-i+=
|| : : r| n-| : : =|n+
(=) -| | =| ==| | -|n =| =n=| =|=| =| =+= =|i=)+
(r|) =i+ = +-.| | r =) r i== +=| =r| r =+= =|i=)+
(=) +|| = = :-| = :-: =| =|: =| = :| =:|r| :|i=)+
t+t
== = =|| = | r =r| =| i++ = r ,
+ ||+ =| =+= -| i+-| + i=, )= r +
=n|= =| == = +.= =|n -| : r ,
+ - - += = + =||-| - + : r +
=| r i= = | r| = = | =| =|| r +
(=) === =| i++ = i== =|=| r | +=|
(r|) + = = == = = =|r| - +=| i:r||: +-| r ===| )=-| =| + =||
=r| i=n-| r
(=) =i+ = =| i== =|=| r | +=|
. i=-=inir|- = = i=-r| -|= + .=| = =-| :|i=) 33 = 9
(=) i=r|| = :| r =i+-| = ||| + =| i+=| |j| =| =| = | +=| i=+|
n -| r +
(r|) =|-=| = :|+= =n =i+-| = =+i=|| =| |=|.| = -| == rr|=-=
+=| + -|- r| - r
(=) -| + =i+-| = =i+ = -| + =| :| =| ===|= =| =|- =r| r + + :|
+= =| =-= r| =
135
(|) |=||| =i+-| = ||| + inir|) i= =r|== = i=n= + =i+ =
: .+ = +=| + || =| =| r +
z. (=) =||=|: += ||= : + =| =|=| +=| =|r-| r =|| = +: =i+-|
= ||| + inir|)+ z
(r|) = =n r= i= :| =i+-| = = i==| = =|== = : .| =| =-=|= =:|= =
in) =i+ = +=| = : .| i:=| r s
s. i=-=inir|- ==| .|| = = i==| )= =| =|=+ + = +: = + = =) + .=| = =-| inir|) 23 = 6
:| =| | = ==| ==r +r =- | = i- +- )=-: = =| i=i= = | -|=- r- + ==, -||-
==+ | || =| =+- =r| r| ||+ n+|-| = = = = +=| = := = = + = =| -|| +
in=| | r|= r+| =| -r =r =|+ +|=|| n+|-| = |= =| || | --| | +|=| =|+
:| =| =| = = | = -|+ = ||+ |i--= =| :| =| =| )= r| =| + =| r| =| |+.== ||+
+|=|| | -|-| | =| ===|= -= =|= = =: + =|= r ) i= - :| =| i= r + +
i===- n+|-| = ==| == : | i==| + i=n- r + =+|r = n-| r| +
(=) --| | | +|=|| = + = =| = = + = +=| =r| r
(r|) :| =| = = = | r| =| +=| = -|+ =r| ||
(=) +|=|| | --| | =| +=| ===|= = + =|= r| r | + =|=| =| +=|
+i||= i==n|
t+t
=+r|+|:| n| = r= .|| === r- r + n|-|-r|i= =| ir=|= n=|= r| =:=
=|- r + + =|+= = ==n r| - r , -=| = |= -|| =|- r + +=| + =+ =:-
r r| : =+ =: | += =|| : =| =| -|| =+ n =n , =r| =r+ =| =|- r +
=r =|= -| r= .|| |:.| +|:| n| =| = r| i==| r + ==|= = +|= = .||.+-
= -=| -= =| = = r -| +r |:.| +|:| n| =| =| r| i:=| r | r + =+r|+|:| n| =| =
-| ==|= =| i=|=| r| r +
(=) =+r|+|:| | |:.| +|:| n| = i=-r =r| ==| r =+= =|i=)+
(r|) =+r|+|:| n| = += in) | ==|= = in) +=| =- r
(=) =+r|+|:| | |:.| +|:| =i+- = |+ ==|= = in) i== =+=| =|
=|=- r | +=|
136
1. i=-=inir|- = = i=-r| -|= + .=| = =-| :|i=) 33 = 9
(=) =|- = +| = ||| + =|:- n| = =i+-+ | |=| = =| =
+= i+=| =+- =|i=)+
(r|) =| = -||: = == = = -||: =|r= = + i- ,| =+ r| = = +=| =|| |
= -||: =|r= +| = ||| + += .|:| = inir|)+
(=) =+- |-|-i:+= ==|= = in) =n=-|| = |=| i=- =-|| =| r|| +=| ||
=|| =ir- =+= =|i=)+
(|) i=i== =r|=| = ==|= =| i== i+= =i-=| =| | =|= i:n|=| ==| r
+= .|:| = inir|)+
s. (=) =: -| r : |=|:| =| +=| +| + ==| + -||+ + | r = =r| : = =
: r| = : r|| r| = +|n +| = ||| + inir|)+ s
(r|) i=| =| =| =| +| = ||| + =-|:) i= .| , |:.| =| - n=| =| =
= | =|+r|i=-| =| - n=| -| + = +=| =| =: r + z
c. i=-=inir|- = = i==| )= + .= =| =-| + = +| =-+ =-= = === = ||| +
inir|) 1
(=) rir =|=| +| = ||| + inir|) i= =+|| -in=| = =|| |==n
+|i+|i= = = | = = ==- -i==- r +
(r|) i+=|i| =| =| = .||== = r|= = in) =+=| = -= i:= +| =| = i+-=|
| |==n =| =|-=-|| = =| = += i+=| =+- =|i=)+
:. i=-=inir|- = = i=-r| -|= + .=| = =-| :|i=) 23 = 6
(=) ==|==-+ =- === n r|= += =| =r++ | =| =| =+|= +=| ===-|
||
(r|) :|:| += = = =| .||:| = =|= -==|= =| :=| + | +=| =r| = +|:
(=) rir =|=| = ==|= -||:=| = =|= +=| =r| =|
(|) =| +| =r +=| =| =-| r| i= =|.|, +r )= i:= = in) = | =|= = =| r|
=|-|
137
+ --- vt *=t --- ir :t (t: v+ x'j
ntt-v i=: -t vt += +ts nv + vt i=r=inirts i=: -tt + is nt+tt=t xtis(
. =-=| ==| =| = .= = -=| == =| i|=|i|= +=- i= ==|=| r + =-=| ==| = i:) =)
=-|-i= : i-= =r| r + = = =|+|== )+ =| = i-= r + =i: +|-|||| = :== i-|-=, i= - =+= +-
=-| i:) r -| == =+= +- = i:) =|) +
z. = -=| == == +|n +|-|=| = =|| == -= + |= i:= + =i+-= |+| =|= ir= =+ =
=-=| ==| + -|n|--|| i- |: =| +| - i+=|-i+i=== =r| r| =|-| -= -= = -=| == | -| =
=|=| =|)+
s. = -=| ==-=|= +=| i==| =|r=| = = =| =r| =i-= =-=| ==| = i=i: = i=: .||= =| r| i==| =|)+
1. + .= = =+-||=| = =-|| + :|: | = i:) =|) , =|: = =+-||=| = := =| =| =| = =|:
| = r|i.|= = inr|= == =| n|= - = i:=| =|)+
s. =i: + .= =| =| : =+-||= =r| r -| == + =|: | r| = i:) =|) +
c. =i: +|-|||| = i==| i-i+- + .= =| =-| -|| inr| i:=| r -| i== + .= =| +rn rn i==|
==| r == + = : | =|: = i=) r ) =| =|= : +
:. = i-|- i= - =+= +- i++ == = =|| + =- - i==| ==| i= : +- =-| i+=- - i++ == =| + -||
=| =|=| =|)=|+ ) = =-|| =| =i=- =r-+ : = =| + -|| r +
s. =|-=| =| )= r| + =| =| .| , +- =| + = = =|= +
+. .|:-=|=| = i|= .|: r| = + -|| = = =|= =|) +
+. +i- =: =| .| | =|=| .| = + .=| = +|-||i| =| =| === = i-|=i+-=- =| =-| =|
i|= =r-+ = i:=| =|) i=== +|-||i| =| =| =|| r|i= r| +
. = -=| == = = + | = + =|= - + = ++ =| + =| = -||= r || - +|-|||| = vi: n-tt i:ts
-tt-ix : t +t n rt i+vt r st n t ee + i: *t (
138
-=-t-n rvt 1
ir :t t: v+ ----- x'
rts- +'
. (i) i.|-|| =| =r-+ i.|-|| | =|=+|= = -=
(-= =+= +- .||| = + -|| = i:) =|) )
(ii) i|=| =| |=+|| =| -||+=| = =|=+ = -| :-||+ =| =-= i:=|+
(iii) =r|+ =|| = |= = =|== = == = =| += =-=|| =| +| i:r||=|+
:== = =| = .|| i- r| =| | =|=+ = +=+ =: -||+=| =| + =| r| =|+ 1+1
(iv) ||i= = = =|| -| = |= =| r| -| : =+-= == =| =| ==| in=|+
+=|i= +r += |= =| r| =|== n=| | : = = |= =| r|=+
(v) |=| -=|: = =+-= +-= =| n| = === =), === =| =| +r=|=
=)+
= =|-=|==| = ;|| : i=| == r| = = -|| ||i= = -| : =| -||+=| ==
r| =:
(vi) ==n, +| , = + =|i---| : = =+ = +| --| : i:r||: : -| r +
(vii) i.|-|| =|=+ =| = =|| -| =| : = === : i==| | =| i== n |
i+=-|| ==| ==-| r +
(viii) i+n|= =| + =i- | = =|-=|==| = i+=|= = =||
(ix) = i|-i+= : - |= + =-=|:
=+ + | + = 1
(x) == (=+== ), + (+ ==) + = 1
(xi) ===- -| :, =| = i|= r , i== ==- r + =| ===- -| : = i|= r , + i==
==- r +
139
z. (i) =| :-= =, .||=-=+ -||---| i= =| |-| =- r + + = 1
(ii) -||- = in)+
(iii) = n=-| |-| =| +|| =| :|= :|
i=- ==| =+ :| +
(iv) =|n|, r| .|= , = i:, = - |i: =+| = i:r||: : -| r +
(i=-r| :| =| =-n r| == + -|| + | = i:=| =|))
(v) +i+- = = = =| == =| :|n=| =n =r| r| -|, i== -r r +|
= -||=||| i==|n=|+
(vi) r= = =-| = -|| -| r )= r|, r = == = =|-| =:| i++ = r|+
(vii) -||-+| = i+i+| n| = r , =| i=n= )= |= ==|- r + |= =| = r=
||| = =| n| = n= r| =) r , =-r -|| = r= ||| = =| =| r , i===
-||- i+i+| = n| =| )= = : =|n|-=| == +
t+t
(i) == +|| =| i=== =+: .| = in) i-|=|= r +
i=-r| = |= =| =in+ :| + i+- r| , |= = ==-= + +- = i-n=
i==|+ 1+1 = 2
(ii) =r|+ n= = -|| i= r| = ==|- r +
|ir|| =| = -= = == =| =|==| =- r ) = r- r +
*(iii) |= = in) =+= =| -=| =|+ ==|+
(iv) + | || === : .== + = = +- r +
.|| = =||| = ==-| =|=| -|= = r| r| =|- r +
|= ==n- .|| =| +=| +|-| = | = : - r +
+=| r =| = .|| =| i:n :rn| : - r +
(i=-r| :| =| =-n r| + i-|-)
140
(v) =| -=|=-=|i- =| i+ - r ,
-||- = in) ==i+ - r ,
=|i- - i=== =r ||-||=+
(vi) =| =|n = -|=-||- =r| r| - , i===| r =| = = =| =| + =-| r +
+| r| =i+-| =+| = n| =| r| +|- r +
(vii) -||-|= +| +|n|= r|| ++ - = ==|= -|=|== r + .|| =| -|| +=
.|| = = .|| - = ==- r +
rt s rt'
s. = = :
(i) i+|= +=- s
(ii) -|||| .| n| z
(= = : = i:) =) i+=|-i= : | =| i+=-| r| =| =|ir)+) = 5
1. +|
(i) | -| + - =| | +=|i=-|| = i=+| r = in) 1+1 = 2
(ii) i+|= = =+= +- = : .| = in) 2
(iii) -|||| = in) 1
= 5
rt s v'
s. (=) +|| =| =|| = == r .|: =rn|-| r , ==i= +|+= = + = +- r| = + .|: +:
== =|-| r +
=:|r| - .|:--+|+ +:--+| i= r| - r + + = 1
(r|) i+.| || +:= |
141
(=) +:-+i==
= = - =+ =|=, =-|= + =|, )= +== + i-n ==||in =, =-| =|=+
=i:=| - =|i-+|== = n|, =||in =, =r +==, == =|=+ 1+1 = 2
(= r= +: - -| : | )= -= i= : =| =-n r| + i-|-)
c. (=) (i) == i+=|.| =|= = | =| r | -= + in= = =-r += in=|+
(i=)
(ii) +r = =|== |=| | i= ==|+ (= = +-) 1+1 = 2
(r|) (i) i= +|+=
(ii) = = +- +|+= 1+1 = 2
:. (=) =r| + =:=, =|| + |+|= + = 1
(r|) + .=| -|, + = = + = 1
(=) i=-= =| i==| -|, =r|= r =| i+-| i-=r|= i+-| i- + = 1
(|) == ||=, -+ =| + = 1
s. (=) i=-r| :| = r|+| = =+= +- + =| = =| + -|| 1+1 = 2
(r|) (i) = = i== =+=
(ii) : r|| = =|=-| = +r| 1+1 = 2
+. (i) = = +:| r +
(ii) == =| =|= =| == : | i+n|| +
(iii) - == +r| +=| : r||
(iv) i+-|=| =|| = |) = + 14 = 4
142
rts - tt
+. |r = =| i==| ................................. =|i|=| +
(=) : .| = in) .|r|: r| -| r | = i== += =|i|=| = + -|| = r| r + + = 1
(r|) =in:|i==| =| |r = -=| =|+ r| = +|n n| =| =| = r=| = ==| = |)+
(=) : .| = = i== =|- -| i= + =r| =in:|= = -+ r + z
(|) : .| = in) = = =| +| == +|n| = i== += =|i|=| = |= r = r| r
i= - = -|| : .| =| -|| r - += + ||| = =in:|= = in) - =| r| =|| + =
=r : .| - -r| r+|n r , - :==| -|| == =| :|i=+ - = + r| r + 1+1 = 2
t+t
(=) ==| == = +r| r =| : =| = ir- = in) += + || =|= : +
(r|) : =| = + i- =r|= -| i- r|= +|n| r| =r|i+-| i- r +=| i= ===| =r :=-| =
=|| =-|| === +.| = r| =|- r + 1+1 = 2
(=) += =+|| =| -| n= =| : =| =| =+=| == =| -+ r| +
(|) =r|=| = , = + i- =| n| =| =| i+| | ||, +r ===| :=|--||+=| = ==-|
i== = ==| | ===- i+.+ === ==-| =-==-= r| ==|+ z
. (=) =+ =|| | =| +| = =- r ) =|| =r-| r i= = | = i= + =|
= = = = .|| i-|- r +
=== .|| + +|- +=| .|| -||==|= r +
=n = + ==--| =|n| r +
+ :|+= = =|= =|- r ) = | = r| | + = n| i+|==|= r + s
(-|= i= : + i-|-)
(r|) =+i=|| i= - =n- r= =| |= r :=in) =-| r -|i= === i+ =-=
=+| + -| =| =|= + .|=- r| == + i=== :|+= = + =|.| = i+ =-= -=
=|= =| |=-| + =|i.|- r| == +
143
|=:|+ = + =|.| =| |+.==-| r , +=|=| -= +r == = in)+ s
(=) i+|=- = i=n| +=- ) r=| + + =| = ==| | =in:|=| =| i=.||=|
r +
+ r=| in) = -= r +
+ r= r=|| + +|| | :i-r|= = =| -| r +
===| -|| == =| =- = r= + r + s
(=| : -|= i= : + i-|-)
(|) =|== -= += r := = -||+ +r =|= = ==| =|i==| =r =| == = -| |
=-| r i= === i+r = =|== =| i=|i- -|| === ==|= r| r| =|+ - +r
=== r := =| -||+=|| =| === n =|+ === in) .|:| = i-|=i+- =|
|+.==-| =r| r + s
z. (=) |= =|- -| i= =| -|| = = i==| ;|| =r|) +- = n|n r : |-| n|n =|
= ==| : -r= = ==|= n= r| r , i===| -|| ==| =-|| =| |= r + z
(r|) + = i- +n-+n = + .| +i+i- - =-| r + =-|| ==|== ==- =|:n,
-| =-|| |=|.| =+= i:r||: : -| r +
=|| | ri=|n| | | |-=| =| =|-| r +
r ==r -|n|=- = i:r||: : - r +
++ -| = == = = +- r =| =| i-=| =| ni=| = ==|= + -|- r| - r +
|= =|n =|:n ) = n=- r i= =| : +r| + r| ==| r| r| +
-|n|=| = =+ =- =|:n | ) = ==|= n=- r + s
(=| : -|= i= : + i-|-)
s (=) = = | =::=| =i+-+
=-|| =| = +| ==| +=| =- = ===-| ||+ z
(r|) === |=| = =i+-+ | += += = =|| n| = === =|= r=| =|r-
|+ z
144
(=) ==i+ --| | =| -n+| n=| =| ||, :== =|+= : n| =| =| =r i+.+|= ||
i= == -n+| = : +|= .|i+- ||+ z
t+t
(=) =|:= = i=n = r| n= : = in) =| : =||= =r| ||+ +r + |= i-= +|-|+| |
r| n= : = |=| | = = == == = = -| n =|:= = i=n =| +r n=| = =|-|
||+ z
(r|) r| n= = =|| == + =-= | =|:= = i=n i==| =| -|| =|: =r| r-| ||
| :=in) = -||: =|r= =| == | == | i.|-|| : = =| += i=n =|-|
||+ z
(=) ===| ==|r- ===| | = | +|= i:=| = =|| +r = -||: =|r= = =|) = -||
-||==| =|r-| ||+ z
1. (=) i;-|= =+- |-|-i:+= ==|= = in) =n=-|| = = =|=| = + |= =-||
==|=| + |= |= = | =r|=| ==|+ =-r ==|=| ==|+
+ = = |=- + = n=|) =), i=== n| =| = ==|r =| = =| r |+
=| -= = = = =|= = | =r|= | =-|| =| |=| == == =| i=.==
i==| ==|+
= = =||=| = =| -= = = -= = n = i==|n =)+ s
(=| : -|= i= : + i-|-)
(r|) = i=| = + i-=+|| = =|| === =|+= =| |-| =r - i|= =:
=: +
i:=|= = =+| =| : == n= ==|+
i:=|=| -=|+ =: ==|+ s
(=) -|=| === i=-= = =i+-| = =| = + :=| | -||+ =-| r + =r i=-= =i+-|
=| -r r=| r := =| = n -| r + :==| =n|==-| | =| in=-| = =|
r +
145
(|) +=+|:|, =|= =| + i.+-r|| -|| -| = .||==, i|=|i=| = =|== =
==|= = = n r| |==-|, -||: --|-|=|+|:, -=|= = =| i+= =i-=| =|
i=|| i==| r + s
(=r|=| = i:) =) )= - :| =:|r| + i-|- r )
s. (=) == n =| :| =- =|:- n| )= ) .|-+= : |:=| ||+ == n = == += =+||
i=i, = in) +| = -r- + i=|=| ||+ === == n =| +=| |||
=|=:|: | := n|r| ==: i:) | + ) = =|.| =i+- = == n =| =| : r|-|
=r| ||+ s
(r|) =:-| r : |=|:| = == : i==== n=|, +-|| :-=: r| = n= , + === n=
i=== + = i- =| = - n= i== ==| | n| =| =| = n|=, - =|=, =n=n| = =|
+ |= i-= |+:|| | i== =)-=) | =| =| =|==| ==| +|+ z
c. (=) =| + = n| = += =-|| =|=| =| ==n-| =| = |= =| =| : - | + + | =-=
+ = =:= =|-= , + n=| =| .||:| = | = -= r| = + n= =| =| =|
i=n= + + r| n == = =+= , = +, =|= =:|= +=| ,| =+- =- | +
r|inr|= = =|= =| : | n= =|= + |= =| = =|= === i==|n =
r| =|= | n =|- | + 1
(r|) +|.=|. = =r - =| =+-||+ = | , =| == n === = =-|| = ==|-
=r| | +
+ +:|= = -|| =r - == - | + +| =|: = == + ==| =| : : - | +
== + ==|=i= = =| + =|- | -| ===| =+-||+ ==| =| =r - =|
n=-| || +=| i= + n=| =| ==|ir- =- | +
=| =| = = -|n r| = + === == =+-||+ =| =n= i=n-| r == +
+= -| -| =| =|:|= =| i=i=| ir|n|- | === =||-=|| =|- =- + 3+1 = 4
:. (i=-r| -|= + .=| = =-| + i-|-)
(=) =| +| +=| :|:| = =r| )+ =| =+r| = : r|| ||+
== :|== =| :|:| =r - =| =-| ||, ===| -||+=|| =| ===-|
||+ 1+1 = 2
146
(r|) == =r - = =n = =|=| =| +r| =+| = === = r = =+| ==, ==|
= r||-+ =| |= = =|= = =|==| + === = | n=+| in=|, == +
=|=| i=)+ z
(=) | =| =| i= r| | i=-=| =| ||+ === i== .|| + =r ) = n=-| || = =
i=-n| = == = =|| + -= = r|| r| + n|: = === +r i= = =|= i==|
= + = =| =|-| = =| : -| ||+ z
(|) r =|== =| =| =||| = + i- =r - r| =| =n | + =+ | =+r| ||+ + =|||
=| =| : : =| += : =r | =- | + =| | |= + ==| = =|n + r-=|-=|
=+- n=| i:=| =- | + z
-=-t-n rvt 1
ir :t t: v+ ----- x'
rts- +'
. (i) +i- =|=| .|
|= i+-| =r|=| =| ||
(-= =i=- .||| = + -|| = i:) =|) )
(ii) +r || -| +r ........................ : n -| =| =|+
(iii) = =| ==| =| |= + = i+||| = = +-= += =| +
(iv) )=-| = = | = == - ir =| = = | =
(v) +=| =in:|= : = =+- |-| =+| = - - |= =| : .| =| ==i+ - i==|+
=| = + =| n| = n= += +- = === +rn -||- =| |= |:| =|
i-n= i==|+ 1+1 = 2
(vi) =i+ = = =| =| ||=| : .|| +=- + i+: .|| ==| =| = : = = in) - =|
=r| | , - ==| =| i+| | == = in) n| =| =| )== = = :| |-=|||
i==|n|+
(v) ir =| = + =|| =| || =| r=| = |-| i=== =|+
147
t+t
(i) -=||: =| .|i+-=: i=| =| =: = -=| -=||: =| nr=+ -=||:
(-= i==| -|| =i=- .||| = + = i:=| =|))
(ii) -=||: = |= =| =: = -=| :|+
=+ ==|r, =+=i- -|| =|=| = ==|= =| .|i+- :|+
(iii) r-| =|ir- = r| = =) ==|r | : = =| =i- = =) + =|= =- r +
(iv) i== = :=in) =| =: r +=| i= + i== =| -|| i- +| =| =||||
=| |= n= |= =: =|- r +
: = = =|= + =n= ==n-| + |- =- r + 1+1 = 2
(v) =| |= = =+=| +=............. ==| =|=|+
(vi) -||- = =| =+|=| = : .| = =||= = + | =| .| | ==|r = =|| |= =:-
r ) =+ = =| ==n i=: | i==| r +
z. (i) ==-|==| =| ==|| =| = i- =:-= =|
(-= i==| -|| =i=- .||| = + + = i:) =|) )
(ii) ===| -|=| = |+|= =| i= =-r == = = =|== +=| =|+= : .+
-|| =|=| =| = +| = ==i+ - = : =| =|ir)+
(iii) := =r|==| =irn| =| |i+-|| + )= = =i= = ==||||| = =+ = r |+ =| =
-| r| =| -|| == i:=|, +=|r|= =| +=|, = =r|| =| |=, | =| =| | |i|,
|.||r|= =| |.|| | =- r ) =| =|+= =| i=| i:r||: + : r||, +|i- |
= =r|| = in) + ==|| =| = i- == =: + z
(iv) =|+= =|= = =|| r| + +|= =| =|= ==-| = = +| =|= -|| =-| || + +r|
= =|= | = =r|| n| =| =| :==|= i=|i- =| : r|= ===| ==-| =|= =|
| + ==|=-= +| = =|= + =n +| + z
(v) =-r| = -||- = :|=-: ir|=| =| = +| = +=| =|+= ==i+ - = i:=| |
-||-|=-=|| = +r=|+ =| +=|= + | -r -||-|= == =: + -||- =| r|
=-r| = +=| : .| =|= in=|+
(=| : )= i= :)
148
(vi) = = == n, |=| | i=i==|n=, = i=i==|-= : | =: |||= ===| : =
r +
(i=-r| :| =| =-n r| == + + | =)
(vii) == = i+.+ = =|-| = =| =| = = + ==|| , =+|i|=| = =-=|i=- == ===|
:i: )+ |-| == =| =| = +| =| =+|= i- + :|= =|+
(viii) +i (+i+- =) - =+==
: = (-||-|=) - + == + = 1
(ix) =| = +=| = (:| )
===|, =|-|, =|, ||||, =-=:||| |i:
== = = +=| = (:| )
=|=+, == =, : =|= |i: 1+1 = 2
(-= =i=- +=| = =| -|| = i:) =|) )
rt s rt'
s. = = :
(i) i+|=-+=- s
(ii) -|||| .| n| z
(= = : = i:) =) i+=| i= : | =| i+=-| r| =| =|ir)) s
1. +|
(i) | -| -|| - =| | +=|i=-|| = i=+| r = in) 1+1
(ii) i+|= = =+= +- = : .| = in) z
(iii) -|||| = in)
s
rt s v'
s. (=) +|| =| =|| = == r .|: =rn|-| r + == +r =|=i|= i===| = = |=
+|+= = + = +- r| -| r , -= +: == =|-| r
149
(r|) = n| +:= |
(=) (+: +i==)
=|= = - =|i-+|== = n|, + i-n =, )=+==, i|=| =|=
=r - - i=i.=- = r=|+|== i+.| ||, =r +==, + i+.| = =| i+.| || 1+1 = 2
c. (=) (i) (i= +|+=)
=| == =| + = r- r , + = |=| r + |+|- + = |=| r , =| ==
=| + = r- r +
(ii) (= = +- +|+=)
= = = ==| | += r||- = + = i==|n n|=|+ 1+1
(r|) (i) = = +- +|+=
(ii) i= +|+= 1+1
:. (=) (= i| i+= :)
|: .| + = =|, =| = + : .+ + = 1
(r|) (= i|)
=|+=| .=, .|-|= + = 1
(=) (==|=-i+= r)
|= =| -|+-, n|n r =| i=n| + = 1
(|) -+ =| ==|= (: .|-|i+-)
== ||= (=|n=|=) + = 1
s. (=) i=-r| :| = r|+| =| ) = +|+=| = + =| = i=== | =+= r| =|), + =
i:) =|) + 1+1
(r|) (i) =|= r=|= r|-|-)-=|=
(ii) |= -:|n =| -||+ =|n = r| =|)=|+ 1+1 = 2
150
+. (=) .|r = =| =|=|| = n| r +
(r|) ==| =| == =| n= =| |:- |n=| =|ir)+
(=) |==n =r =|: = ==-| =| == -| :| r +
(|) =|+= = ==| =| == r =| +:|=|+
rt s tt'
+. (=) +i- =|=| .|
++ - =|:n =+| + r| ==|- r ) = =) r| | |=|| +|| = =|| =|=|
-|n|= = |= n= =: r| | === = | | = r| r| + z
(=) :=in) =r| r +=| i= |=|| +|| = =|| == : .= r| =) r | ===|
+i= .| | r =: r + z
(=) : : =| =|: =|-
=-|| =r - - =| = +|| r| -| r , =-|| | + r| -| r , =-|| =|:n| = + r| n=|=
+r| = ==|- =| n=-| r | + |-| = | =- -= + -|- r| - r + z
t+t
(=) === = | i++ = =r| r| =| i= == =, == = =| = | =|= , i=| =|= +=| i=
=-|| )= r| : .+ =| = -|= r + z
(r|) == = = =| + = = == = = =|r| - i:r||: +-| r + ===| )=-| =|
+ =|| + :| = i=n-| r + z
(=) == = r| == = = : r| =| : = = - := =i+ = =| =|=| r +
+=| i= )= : .+ =| = -|= r| - r ) -|| + )=-: = =| =:: =r| =-
r + z
. (=) |= | =| =|-| =| |= : +|= = in)
===| =|| +|= = in)
===| + = +|= = in) s
151
(r|) +=| i= = =-|| == rr|= r | + -| = + = = ir- r +
-|| = + -| =| +|= = in) ==| -||+=| | -+ =r| r +
:==| :|i- === i== =|r| r | .||.+- =r| r + s
(=) + :| += r -
=|- | i:+= (zc ==+|)
=+- |-| i:+=(s ==-) s
(|) =i+ = : .+ = =r + || =| =| r i= =r|== = i=n= + -|| ===|
|=|i+.+|= | + =||| = irn +
+r : r| + =+ = i+== + |- = == +
+r += =|+= =| = : | =+= n == + s
z. (=) -|i= + i:=|- |= | = :.| = = == +
===| = +| =| n|-| +| == + z
(r|) : .| = in) +=| =+ =+ = =| =-=| =|+ = : = = in) =: + -+
r +
= =| i==| =| |r =-|| = ==|= = r +
: .|+|i==| = r := = : .| = + i- ==| + =, |=|=-| | ==+ | -||+
==| r + s
s. (=) == + = :=in) =r| r +=| i= + :| =| ==-r|-== )=-: = = + = ==
n= | , | = =||=-i+.| | + +r == i==| = = =r )=-: = =| +n= : r|-
r- | + z
(r|) =| + =| |i- = = =| :| =| =| )= r| =| + =| r| =| |+.== || ==i= +
:| =| n=-n= =| + = | + z
(=) (i) n| = =r + =|= = r | i= + :| =| |+= = i=n=|-= n=| =| :,
+=| i= =| + =| |i- = = =| == :| =| =| + +|ir= = = | = -|+ =r|
r +
(ii) === + =|= i+=n r| =) +=| i= + += + = + i= r | =-r
+= + ||| = r|| || =| +|+ z
152
t+t
(=) =| n| = === r= += n|-|-r|i= = i+|= = =| == r| |= =:- r |
=|+= = ==n-| + |- =- r , =-r =+r|+|:| =r- r + =| n| = : =| =|
=|| n = |= =:- r | += |:.|| + =|== r- r , =-r |:.| +|:|
=r- r + z
(r|) =+r|+|:| n| = += n|-|-r|i= = i+|= = =| == r| =|= =- r +
+ ==|=-=-=|| = i+|= = =r| =| =- + =-r| = ==|= =| i=|=| r| r + z
(=) ==|= = in) r= |:.| +|:| =i+- =| r| =+=| =| =|=- r +=| i= ==|= =|
=+ =|= | .||.+- = -=| =| ==|) r|= =| =|= |:.| +|:| n| =| = r|
i==| r + z
1. (=) =|:- n| n|n=|, =+||| -|| ) .|-+= : |:=| ||+ +r : .| = + i- +=|:|
=r| ||+ === +=| =+|| + i- = in) = = == n = i=|-| =|+ =-r +| =|
||| =|=:|: | := n|r| =+) ==: i:)+ := -r === += +i+| |
: .| =| || r|| i:=|+ s
(r|) =| = -||: =| == +-| =n| i= === =|== |:.| =||i+- == = in) = -||:
=|r= = +=| ==+= -|| =|n-= n-| =|| i==|| =| == = :=|= ==|-
= i:=| | =| -||: r| = =| =- = =| -r-= i=-||=|, -= = === ==
= -||: =|r= = + i- : || =+-= r| = n=|+ s
(=) + in= =i=.= | =| i=n = =| i== = =|+= : =n=-||+|i==| = r| n|
n|: n- r ) =-|| |=| i=- =|+
:= =+- |-|- i:+= =| ==|= = in) +rn| =| i|=-= -i|= = r=|
= =irn|| = -||= in=|+
) =| ==-| :| n= :== +rn =-|| =r| r | ||+ s
(|) i=i== =r|=| = n r|= = +=+|:|, =|= =|, i.+-r|| -|| -| = .||==-
i|=|| | = = n| + = =|== = ==|= = = n r| |==-|, -||: --|-|=|+|:,
-=|= = =| i+= =i-=| =| i=|| i==| r + s
(=r|=| = i:) =) )=-:| =:|r| + i-|- r )
153
s. (=) =:-| r : |=|:| = == : i==== n=|, +-|| :-=: -|=== n= , + === n=
i=== + = i- =| = - n= i== ==| | n| =| =| = n|=, - =|=, =n=n| = =|
+ |= i-= |+:|| | i== =)-=) | =| =| =|==| ==| +|+ s
(r|) .| : | |:.| -|| .| : | =| = =| -r r| - r i=== i==| -r =| i=n|+= =r|
r| -|+ =|+r|i-| -| = = ==|= r| -| r + +r ==|= = =| : |:.| =||i+-
=r| =-|+ z
c. (=) =+|| = =|| +|i+|i= = = || = ==|, |=|=-| | i=|= =r|
==-|+ =+|| = = : = + =| =| =| n=|n| r +
+|i+|i= = = || = r|| r|n|+= r ==| r , = = - rir =|=| = -||:=|
=| == r += -||: =| + -|| ===| + : r =||| ==|= = + i- i:r||=| ==|
r +
=|=| : +|| +=| ==|= -||:=| = =|= = == + -||:=| ;|| ===
=|| = )+ =|=+|= =+r| ==| +|i+|i= = = || = = == -i=r|=
=| :.|| -| r +
+|i+|i= = = || = = = +n | +=|i=-| )+ | = .| | r =) r
= = - r|| = i=n=-| r : ==|= : r|= -||:=| = =|=| = + i- +=|+=
| == r =| | = ==| .| = = i:=|+ 1
(r|) +| = +=|: =: = i+-=| +- =|= === = =+|=|= =r| r +
+|.=|. = =| ==| = + i- =| =+r| =-r .|||i= : : =| +- =|=
= :-| = =|-= r +
=|-+|= = -|= = + i+: =|n= =|= = =-|- r +
:== ===| +:|: -|| i+: =|n= = + i- =i= |=-| =|-| r +
|==n =| =|-=-|| = = =| i.|-|| =| ||| =|n-==| i+n|=
(=|n-= i: -) r +
==| =| + =, +=+ -|| = ||+ | =+r| = =|== = = .||i=- i==|
=|-| r +
==| =| i==| -|| + =| =| .|||i= =| =|=i== : : =| =|-= r + 1
(i==| )= + .= =| =-| + i-|-)
154
:. (=) (i=-r| -|= + .=| = =-| + i-|-)
n r|= == || =| =| | n| +:| | +| in.| i=) r ) = - +r== + =-
-= =-r n=-| i= +r )= =r++ | =| =| =+|= r + z
(r|) :|:| = =| n+| +i+| = =|r| =: || , =r| =|= -==|= =| = =i- =r| ||+ z
(=) =-r = : r || i= ==|= -||:=| = =|= + : = = =|: =-r |= .+ =| i+|+|
= ==|= : | = = =+r|| =| -r i==|n i:=| =|)=| | ===| =|+= =|=|=
r| =|)=|+ z
(|) = -=| =|= = =| +| + = | || + n=|=| || i= === r|= ==|==| = ==|=
r||) r + := =|- + == =r - =| +| ||+ z
155
SECTION - A
MATHEMATICS
1. All questions are compulsory
2. The question paper consists of 30 questions divided into four sections - A, B, C
and D. Section A comprises of ten questions of 1 mark each, Section B comprises
of five questions of 2 marks each, Section C comprises of ten questions of 3
marks each and Section D comprises of five questions of 6 marks each.
3. All questions in Section A are to be answered in one word, one sentence or as
per the exact requirement of the question.
3. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in
one question of 2 marks, three questions of 3 marks each and two questions of
6 marks each. You have to attempt only one of the alternatives in all such
questions.
4. In question on construction, the drawings should be neat and exactly as per the
given measurements.
5. Use of calculators is not permitted.
Question numbers 1 to 10 carry 1 mark each.
1. Has the rational number
2 7 2
441
2 5 7 . .
a terminating or a non-terminating decimal
representation?
2. If , are the zeroes of a polynomial, such that + = 6 and = 4, then write
the polynomial.
156
3. If the sum of first p terms of an A.P. is ap
2
+ bp, find its common difference.
4. In Fig. 1, S and T are points on the sides PQ and PR, respectively of PQR, such
that PT = 2 cm, TR = 4 cm and ST is parallel to QR. Find the ratio of the areas of
PST and PQR.
5. In Fig. 2, AHK is similar to ABC. If AK = 10 cm, BC = 3.5 cm and HK = 7
cm, find AC.
6. If 3x = cosec and = cot , find the value of 3 .
7. If P(2, p) is the mid-point of the line segment joining the points A(6, -5) and
B(-2, 11), find the value of p.
8. If A(1, 2), B( 4, 3) and C( 6, 6) are the three vertices of a parallelogram ABCD,
find the coordinates of the fourth vertex D.
9. The slant height of a frustum of a cone is 4 cm and the perimeters (circumferences)
of its circular ends are 18 cm and 6 cm. Find the curved surface area of the frustum.
157
10. A card is drawn at random from a well shuffled pack of 52 playing cards. Find the
probability of getting a red face card.
Section B
Question Numbers 11 to 15 carry 2 marks each.
11. If two zeroes of the polynomial x
3
4x
2
3x + 12 are and , then find its
third zero.
12. Find the value af k for which the following pair of linear equations have infinitely
many solutions:
2x + 3y = 7; (k l)x + (k + 2)y = 3k
13. In an A.P., the first term is 2, the last term is 29 and sum of the terms is 155. Find the
common difference of the A.P.
14. If all the sides of a parallelogram touch a circle, show that the parallelogram is a
rhombus.
15. Without using trigonometric tables, find the value of the following expression:
sec (90 ).cosec tan (90 ) cot + cos
2
25 + cos
2
65
3 tan 27. tan 63
Or
Find the value of cosec 30 geometrically.
Section C
16. Prove that 2 3 is an irrational number.
17. The sum of numerator and denominator of a fraction is 3 less than twice the
denominator. If each of the numerator and denominator is decreased by 1, the fraction
becomes . Find the fraction.
158
Or
Solve the following pair of equations:
18. In an A.P., fhe sum of first ten terms is 150 and the sum of its next ten terms is
550. Find the A.P.
19. In Fig. 3, ABC is a right triangle, right angled at C and D is the mid-point of BC.
Prove that AB
2
= 4AD
2
- 3AC
2
.
20. Prove the following:
= 1 + tan A + cot A
Or
Prove the following:
(cosec A sin A) (sec A cos A) =
21. Construct a triangle ABC in which BC = 8 cm, B = 45 and C = 30. Construct
another triangle similar to ABC such that its sides are
3
4
of the corresponding
sides of ABC.
159
22. Point P divides the line segment joining the points A(2, 1) and B(5, 8) such that
. If P lies on the line 2x y + k = 0, find the value of k.
23. If R(x, y) is a point on the line segment joining the points P(a, b) and Q(b, a), then
prove that x + y = a + b.
24. In Fig. 4, the boundary of shaded region consists of four semicircular arcs, two
smallest being equal. If diameter of the largest is 14 cm and that of the smallest is 3.5
cm, calculate the area of the shaded region.
Or
Find the area of the shaded region in Fig. 5, if AC = 24 cm, BC = 10 cm and O is
the centre of the circle.
[Use = 3.14]
160
25. Cards bearing numbers 1, 3, 5, _ _ _, 35 are kept in a bag. A card is drawn at
random from the bag. Find the probability of getting a card bearing
(i) a prime number less than 15.
(ii) a number divisible by 3 and 5.
Section D
26. Three consecutive positive integers are such that the sum of the square of the first
and the product of the other two is 46, find the integers.
Or
The difference of squares of two numbers is 88. If the larger number is 5 less than
twice the smaller number, then find the two numbers.
27. Prove that the ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the square of the
ratio of their corresponding sides.
Using the above, prove the following:
If the areas of two similar triangles are equal, then prove that the triangles are
congruent.
28. From the top of a 7 m high building, the angle of elevation of the top of a tower is
60 and the angle of depression of the foot of the tower is 30,. Find the height of
the tower.
29. A milk container is made of metal sheet in the shape of frustum of a cone whose
volume is 10459 cm
3
. The radii of its lower and upper circular ends are 8 cm and
20 cm respectively. Find the cost of metal sheet used in making the container at the
rate of Rs. 1.40 per square centimeter.
Or
161
A toy is in the form of a hemisphere surmounted by a right circular cone of the same
base radius as that of the hemisphere. If the radius of base of the cone is 21 cm and
its volume is of the volume of the hemisphere, calculate the height of the cone and
the surface area of the toy.
30. Find the mean, mode and median of the following frequency distribution:
Class 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70
Frequency 4 4 7 10 12 8 5
SECTION - A
Question numbers 1 to 10 carry 1 mark each.
1. Write whether on simplification gives a rational or an irrational
number.
2. If , are the zeroes of the polynomial 2y
2
+ 7y + 5, write the value of + + .
3. If the sum of the first q terms of an A.P. is 2q + 3q
2
, what is its common difference?
4. In Figure 1, CP and CQ are tangents from an external point C to a circle with centre
O. AB is another tangent which touches the circle at R. If CP = 11 cm and BR = 4
cm, find the length of BC.
Figure 1
162
5. In Figure 2, DE | | BC in ABC such that BC = 8 cm, AB = 6 cm and DA = 1.5 cm.
Find DE.
6. If 5x = sec and = tan , find the value of .
7. What is the distance between the points A(c, 0) and B(0, - c) ?
8. In a ABC, right-angled at C, AC = 6 cm and AB = 12 cm. Find A.
9. The slant height of the frustum of a cone is 5 cm. If the difference between the radii
of its two circular ends is 4 cm, write the height of the frustum.
10. A die is thrown once. What is the probability of getting a number greater than 4 ?
SECTION B
11. For what value of k, is 3 a zero of the polynomial 2x
2
+ x + k ?
12. Find the value of m for which the pair of linear equations
2x + 3y 7 = 0 and (m 1) x + (m + 1) y = (3m 1) has infinitely many solutions.
13. Find the common difference of an A.P. whose first term is 4, the last term is 49 and
the sum of all its terms is 265.
14. In Figure 3, there are two concentric circles with centre O and of radii 5 cm and 3
cm. From an external point P, tangents P A and PB are drawn to these circles. If AP
= 12 cm, find the length of BP.
163
15. Without using trigonometric tables, evaluate the following:
OR
Find the value of sec 60 geometrically.
SECTION C
16. Prove that is an irrational number.
17. Solve the following pair of linear equations for x and y :
x + y = 2ab
OR
The sum of the numerator and the denominator of a fraction is 4 more than twice
the numerator. If 3 is added to each of the numerator and denominator, their ratio
becomes 2: 3. Find the fraction.
164
18. In an A.P., the sum of its first ten terms is 80. and the sum of its next ten terms is
280. Find the A.P.
19. In Figure 4, ABC is an isosceles triangle in which AB = AC. E is a point on the side
CB produced, such that FE AC. If AD CB, prove that:
AB x EF = AD x EC.
20. Prove the following:
(1 + cot A cosec A) (1 + tan A + sec A) = 2
OR
Prove the following:
sin A (1 + tan A) + cos A (1 + cot A) = sec A + cosec A
21. Construct a triangle ABC in which AB = 8 cm, BC = 10 cm and AC = 6 cm. Then
construct another triangle whose sides are
4
5
of the corresponding sides of ABC.
22. Point P divides the line segment joining the points A(l, 3) and B(9, 8) such that
. If P lies on the line x y + 2 = 0, find the value of k.
23. If the points (p, q); (m, n) and (p m, q n) are collinear, show that pn = qm.
24. The rain-water collected on the roof of a building, of dimensions 22 m x 20 m, is
drained into a cylindrical vessel having base diameter 2 m and height 3.5 m. If the
165
vessel is full up to the brim, find the height of rain-water on the roof.
OR
In Figure 5, AB and CD are two perpendicular diameters of a circle with centre O.
If OA = 7 cm, find the area of the, shaded region.
25. A bag contains cards which are numbered from 2 to 90. A card is drawn at random
from the bag. Find the probability that it bears
(i) a two digit number,
(ii) a number which is a perfect square.
SECTION D
26. A girl is twice as old as her sister. Four years hence, the product of their ages (in
years) will be 160. Find their present ages.
27. In a triangle, if the square of one side is equal to the sum of the squares of the other
two sides, then prove that the angle opposite the first side is a right angle.
166
Using the above, do the following:
In an isosceles triangle PQR, PQ = QR and PR
2
= 2 PQ
2
. Prove that Q is a right
angle.
28. A man on the deck of a ship, 12 m above water level, observes that the angle of
elevation of the top of a cliff is 60 and the angle of depression of the base of the
cliff is 30. Find the distance of the cliff from the ship and the height of the cliff.
[Use = 1.732]
OR
The angle of elevation of a cloud from a point 60 m above a lake is 30 and the angle
of depression of the reflection of the cloud in the lake is 60. Find the height of the
cloud from the surface of the lake.
29. The surface area of a solid metallic sphere is 616 cm
2
. It is melted and recast
into a cone of height 28 cm. Find the diameter of the base of the cone so formed.
OR
The difference between the outer and inner curved sttrface areas of a hollow right
circular cylinder, 14 cm long, is 88 cm
2
. If the volume of metal used in making the
cylinder is 176 cm
3
, find the outer and inner diameters of the cylinder.
30. Draw less than ogive and more than ogive for the following distribution and hence
find its median.
Class 2030 30 40 4050 5060 6070 7080 8090
Frequency 8 12 24 6 10 15 25
167
Strictly Confidential : (For Internal and Restricted Use Only)
March 2010
Marking Scheme ---- Mathematics 30/1/1
1. The Marking Scheme provides general guidelines to reduce subjectivity and maintain
uniformity among large number of examiners involved in the marking. The answers
given in the marking scheme are the best suggested answers.
2. Marking is to be done as per the instructions provided in the marking scheme. (It
should not be done according to ones own interpretation or any other
consideration.)Marking Scheme should be strictly adhered to and religiously followed.
3. Alternative methods are accepted. Proportional marks are to be awarded.
4. Some of the questions may relate to higher order thinking ability. These questions will
be indicated to you separately by a star mark. These questions are to be evaluated
carefully and the students understanding / analytical ability may be judged.
5. The Head-Examiners have to go through the first five answer-scripts evaluated
by each evaluator to ensure that the evaluation has been done as per instructions
given in the marking scheme. The remaining answer scripts meant for evaluation
shall be given only after ensuring that there is no significant variation in the marking of
individual evaluators.
6. If a question is attempted twice and the candidate has not crossed any answer, only
first attempt is to be evaluated. Write EXTRA with second attempt.
168
EXPECTED ANSWERS/VALUE POINTS
SECTION - A
1. Terminating 2. x
2
6 x + 4 3 . d = 2a
4. 1 : 9 5. 5cm 6. 1 10
= 10m
7. p = 3 8. (3.5) 9 . 48cm
2
10.
3
26
SECTION - B
11. p(x) = x
3
4x
2
3x + 12
and are zeroes of p(x)
(x
2
3) is a factor of p(x) m
1m
x = 4 is the third zero of p(x) m
12. For a pair of linear equations to have infinitely
many solutions : m

1 m
From (i) and (ii) getting k = 7
k = 7 satisfies (ii) and (iii) and (i) and (iii) also m
\
k = 7
Marks
169
13. Here a = 2, = 29 and n s = 155
1 m
Also, 29 = 2 + (101) d d = 3
1 m
Common difference = 3
14. As parallelogram ABCD circumscribes a circle
with centre O
AB + CD = BC + AD
[ AQ = AP, BQ = BR, CR = CS, PD = DS] m
As ABCD is a parallelogram AB = DC
and BC = AD
2AB = 2AD or AB = AD 1 m
ABCD is a rhombus (As AB = BC = CD = AD) m
15.
1 m
and
\ Given expression becomes
1 m
OR
Correct Fig. m
Draw rt .
D
OBA, in which BOA = 30
o
Take OA = 2a . Replicate
D
OCB on m
the other side of OB AOC = 60
o
and OC = 2a
D AOC is equilateral
D
and AB = a
B O
170
1m

\
cosec 30
o
= 2
SECTION -C
16. Let 2 = x, where x is a rational number m
................................(i) m
As x is a rational number, so is 1 m
LHS of (i) is rational but RHS of (i) is irrational
Our supposition that x is rational is wrong
2 is irrational 1 m
17. Let the fraction be
\
According to the question x + y = 2y 3 1 m
or x = y 3......................................(i)
Also, 2 x y = 1...........................................(ii) 1 m
From (i) and (ii), x = 4, y = 7
\
Required fraction = 1 m
OR
(i) 3 and (ii) 2 1 m
Solving to get y = 2 and x = 2 1 m
171
18. S
10
= 150 and S
20
= (150+550) = 700 m
150 = 5 (2a + 9d) and 700 = 10 (2a + 19d) 1m
2a + 9d = 30 and 2a + 19d = 70
1m
d = 4 and a = 3
A . P is 3, 1, 5, ............ m
19.
2 2 2 2 2 2
AB AC BC ............(i) and AD AC DC = + = +

1+ m
2 2 2
or 4 AD 4 AC BC ................ (ii) = + m
From (i) and (ii), AB
2
= AC
2
+ 4 AD
2
4 AC
2
1 m
or AB
2
= 4 AD
2
3 AC
2
20. The given expression can be written as
1 m
m
1 m
= tan A + cot A +1 m
OR
172
m
1 m
1 m
21. Correct construction of triangle ABC 1 m
Correct construction of triangle similar to ABC 2m
22. m
1+ =1 m
P lies on 2 x y + k = 0 6 + 2 + k = 0 k = 8 1 m
23.
m
If P, R, Q are collinear, ar ( PRQ) = 0
a (y a) + x (a b) + b (b y) = 0
or ay a
2
+ ax bx + b
2
by = 0
or, (a b) (x + y) = a
2
b
2
1 m
x + y = a + b m
173
24. Area of semi-circle
= 77 cm
2
m
Area of semi-circle
m
Combined area of semi-circles III and IV
1m
Area of shaded region

cm
2
or 86.625 cm
2
1m
OR
AB
2
= AC
2
+ BC
2
(as ACB = 90
o
)
= 24
2
+ 10
2
= 26
2
AB = 26cm m
Area of semi-circle ACBOA 1m
Area of ACB m
Area of shaded region
1m
174
25. Total number of cards = 18 m
(i) Prime numbers less than 15 are 3, 5, 7, 11, 13 Five in number m
P (a prime no. less than 15) 1m
(ii) numbers divisible by 3 and 5 is only 15 (one in number) m
P (a no. divisible by 3 and 5) m
SECTION D
26. Let the three consecutive numbers be x, x + 1, x + 2 1 m
According to the question
x
2
+ (x + 1) (x + 2) = 46
or 2x
2
+ 3x 44 = 0 2x
2
+ 11x 8x 44 = 0 2 m
(x 4) (2x + 11) = 0 1 m
As x is positive x = 4
1 m
The numbers are 4, 5, 6 1 m
OR
Let the two numbers be x, y where x > y
x
2
y
2
= 88 .......................(i)
2 m
Also, x = 2y 5 ........................(ii)
From (i) and (ii), (2y 5)
2
y
2
= 88
3y
2
20y 63 = 0 1 m
or 3 y
2
27 y + 7 y 63 = 0 (3y + 7) (y 9) = 0
y = 9, 7/3 1 m
x = 2 y 5 = 13 or x = 1 m
175
The numbers are 13, 9 (Rejecting x =
and y = ) 1 m
27. Correctly stated Given, To Prove, Construction and correct Figure 2 m
Correct Proof 2 m
Let ABC and PQR be two similar triangles m
1 m
m
28. Let CD be the building and AB, the tower
Correct Figure 1m
Writing trigonometric equations
= 12.124 m 1 m
1 m
1 m
Height of tower = (21 + 7) m or 28 m 1 m

29. Volume of bucket

176
1m
1m
= 400
1m
Total surface area of metal sheet used
2 m
Cost of metal sheet
= Rs 2745.60 1 m
OR
Volume of hemisphere 1 m
Volume of cone
1 m
1 m

1 m
177
Surface area of toy
1 m
= 5082 cm
2
30. Classes 010 1020 2030 3040 4050 5060 6070
class marks (x
i
) 5 15 25 35 45 55 65
d
i
3 2 1 0 1 2 3
f
i
4 4 7 10 12 8 5
f
i
d
i
12 8 7 0 12 16 15
1 m
(i) 1 m
(ii) Modal Class = 40 50 m
1 m
(iii) Median Class = 30 40 m
1 m
Note : If a candidate finds any two of the measures of central tendency
correctly and finds the third correctly using Empirical formula, give full credit
178
EXPECTED ANSWERS/VALUE POINTS
SECTION - A
1. Rational 2. 1 3 . 6
4. 7 cm 5. 2 cm 6. 1 10
= 10 m
7. 8. 60
o
9 . 3 cm
10.
SECTION - B
11. When 3 is a zero, we have 2(3)
2
+ (3) + k = 0 1 m
18 + 3 + k = 0 or k = 21 1 m
12. The condition for infinitely many solutions is
m

m
solving to get m = 5 1 m
13. 265 = [4 + 49] n = 10 1 m
49 = 4 + 9d d = 5 1 m
14. Join OA, OB and OP
OP
2
= (5)
2
+ (12)
2
= 169 OP = 13 cm 1 m
BP
2
= (13)
2
(3)
2
= 160 BP = cm 1 m
Marks
179
15. cos 70
o
= cos (90
o
20
o
) = sin 20
o
, sec
2
59
o
= cosec
2
31
o
Given expression =
1 m
1 m
OR
Let ABC be an equilateral triangle and AD BC
If AB = BC = AC = a then BD = and B = 60
o
1 m
sec 60
o
= sec B = m
Hence sec 60
o
= 2 m
SECTION -C
16. Let us suppose that be a rational number
Let p, q are integers q 0 and p and q are coprimes 1 m
3 divides p
2
Hence 3 divides p ................. (i) 1m
Let p = 3a, where a is an integer
9a
2
= 3q
2
q
2
= 3a
2
3 divides q
2

Hence 3 divides q ............... (ii) m
But p and q are coprimes, hence a contradiction
is not rational, Hence is irrational m
B
180
17. Simplifying given equations, we get
m

m
x = ab 1 m
x + y = 2ab y = ab 1 m
OR
Let the fraction be
x + y = 2 x + 4 or x y + 4 = 0 .................................... (i) 1 m

3 x + 9 = 2y + 6 or 3x 2y + 3 = 0 ................(ii) 1 m
Solving (i) and (ii) to get x = 5, y = 9 m
Fraction is m
18. Here S
10
= 80 and S
20
= 80 280 = 360 m
= 80 or 2a + 9d = 16 m
or 2a + 19 d = 36 m
Solving to get d = 2 and a = 1 1 m
AP is 1, 1, 3, 5, ........................ m
181
19. 1 m
m
F = D C 1+ m
20. 1 m
1 m
1 m
OR
1 m
1 m
1 m
21. Constructing ABC 1 m
Constructing a triangle
(similar to ABC with
2 m
scale facter )
182
22. Let (x,y) be the coordinates of P
1 m
1m
Solving to get 1m
23. Let A (p,q), B (m,n) and C (pm, qn) be collinear points
area ABC = 0 m
p (n q + n) + m (q n q) + (p m) (q n) = 0 1 m
2 pn pq mn + pq pn qm + mn = 0 1 m
pn = qm m
24. Let h m be the height of water collected on the roof
Volume of water at the roof = 22 20 h m

3
............................(i) 1 m
Volume of water in cylinder m
3
........................(ii) 1m
From (i) and (ii) or 2.5 cm. 1m
OR
Shaded area = Area of circle of radius 7 cm Area of circle of radius
3.5 cm area of BCD 1m
1m
1m
183
25. Total number of cards = 89 1m
(i) P (a two digit number) = 1m
(ii) P (a perfect square) = 1m
SECTION D
26. Let the age of sister be x years
Age of the girl (Elder Sister) = 2 x years m
Four years hence, their ages will be (x + 4) years and (2 x + 4) years 1 m
(x + 4) (2 x + 4) = 160 x
2
+ 6 x 72 = 0 1+1m
(x + 12) (x 6) = 0 x = 6 (x = 12 is rejected) 1 m
Ages of two sisters are 6 years and 12 years 1m
27. For correct Given, To Prove, Construction and Figure x 4 = 2 m
For Correct Proof 2 m
Given PR
2
= 2PQ
2
= PQ
2
+ PQ
2
m
= PQ
2
+ QR
2
( PQ = QR ) m
(converse of Pythagoras theorem) 1 m
28. [Correct Fig.] 1 m
Let distance of cliff from the ship
be CD
m
................(i) 1 m
m
184
1 m
Putting in (i), 1 m
Height of cliff = 36 + 12 = 48 m 1 m
or 47.99 m
OR
Correct Fig. 1 m
Let P be the given point such that
PQ = 60 m. Let B be the position of cloud
and D be its reflection in the lake
Let BC = h m and AP = x m.
\
AB = (h 60) m and AD = (h + 60) m. m
1 m
or m
1 m
1m
h + 60 = 3h 180 2h = 240 h = 120 m. 1m
Height of the cloud = 120 m.
29. r (radius of sphere) = 7 cm. 1 m
Volume of sphere ..........................(i) 1 m
Volume of cone ......................(ii) 1m
B
185
1m
R (radius of cone) = 7 cm. 1m
Diameter = 14 cm. 1m
OR
Here,
( ) 2
2 R-r 14 88 cm
=
1 m
R r = 1 cm ............................................(i)
1 m
R
2
r
2
= 4 i.e (R + r) (R r) = 4 1m
R + r = 4 cm ......................(ii) 1m
Outer radius
1 m
Inner radius

Outer diameter = 5 cm
1 m
Inner diameter = 3 cm
30. The points for less than ogive are
1 m
The points for more than ogive are
1 m
For Correct 1 m
less than ogive
For Correct
more than ogive 1 m
Getting Median = 60 1m
186
SCIENCE (Theory)
1. The question paper comprises of two sections, A and B. You are to attempt both
the sections.
2. All questions are compulsory.
3. There is no overall choice. However, internal choice has been provided in all the
three questions of five marks category. Only one option in such questions is to be
attempted.
4. All questions of section A and all questions of section B are to be attempted separately.
5. Questions number 1 to 6 in section A and 19 to 21 in section B are short answer type
questions. These questions carry one mark each.
6. Questions number 7 to 12 in section A and 22 to 24 in section B are short answer
type questions and carry two marks each.
7. Questions number 13 to 16 in section A and 25 to 26 in section B are also short
answer type questions and carry three marks each.
8. Questions number 17 and 18 in section A and question number 27 in section B are
long answer type questions and carry five marks each.
QUESTION PAPER DELHI (CODE NO. 31/1/1)
SECTION - A
1. What changes in the colour of iron nails and copper sulphate solution do you observe
after keeping the iron nails dipped in copper sulphate solution for about 30 minutes? 1
2. State two characteristic features of carbon which when put together give rise to a
large number of carbon compounds. 1
3. Explain why a ray of light passing through the centre of curvature of a concave mirror
gets reflected along the same path. 1
187
4. What is the nature of the image formed by a concave mirror if the magnification
produced by the mirror is + 3 ? 1
5. A charged particle enters at right angles into a uniform magnetic field as shown.
What should be the nature of charge on the particle if it begins to move in a direction
pointing vertically out of the page due to its interaction with the magnetic field ? 1
6. Name the part of our eyes that helps us to focus near and distant objects in quick
succession. 1
7. What happens when an aqueous solution of sodium sulphate reacts with an aqueous
solution of barium chloride? State the physical conditions of reactants in which the
reaction between them will not take place. Write the balanced chemical equation for
the reaction and name the type of reaction. 2
8. What is the main constituent of biogas ? How is biogas obtained from biomass ?
Write any two advantages of using this gas. 2
9. In the figure given below a narrow beam of white light is shown to pass through a
triangular glass prism. After passing through the prism it produces a spectrum XY on
a screen.
188
(a) State the colour seen at X and Y.
(b) Why do different colours of white light bend through different angles with
respect to the incident beam of light ?
10. What is a solenoid ? Draw the pattern of magnetic field lines of a solenoid through
which a steady current flows. What does the pattern of field lines inside the solenoid
indicate ? 2
11. A coil of insulated wire is connected to a galvanometer. What would be seen if a bar
magnet with its north pole towards one face of the coil is
(i) moved quickly towards it,
(ii) moved quickly away from the coil and
(iii) placed near its one face ?
Name the phenomenon involved. 2
12. Mention any four limitations in harnessing wind energy on a large scale. 2
13. At what distance should an object be placed from a convex lens of focal length
18 cm to obtain an image at 24 cm from it on the other side. What will be the
magnification produced in this case ? 3
14. No chemical reaction takes place when granules of a solid, A, are mixed with the
powder of another solid, B. However when the mixture is heated, a reaction takes
place between its components. One of the products, C, is a metal and settles down
in the molten state while the other product, D, floats over it. It was observed that the
reaction is highly exothermic.
(i) Based on the given information make an assumption about A and B and
write a chemical equation for the chemical reaction indicating the conditions
of reaction, physical state of reactants and products and thermal status of the
reaction.
(ii) Mention any two types of reactions under which above chemical reaction can
be classified. 3
15. Name the functional group of organic compounds that can be hydrogenated. With
the help of suitable example explain the process of hydrogenation mentioning the
conditions of the reaction and any one change in physical property with the formation
189
of the product. Name any one natural source of organic compounds that are
hydrogenated. 3
16. Atoms of eight elements A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H have the same number of
electronic shells but different number of electrons in their outermost shell. It was
found that elements A and G combine to form an ionic compound. This compound
is added in a small amount to almost all vegetable dishes during cooking. Oxides
of elements A and B are basic in nature while those of E and F are acidic. The
oxide of D is almost neutral. Based on the above information answer the following
questions:
(i) To which group or period of the periodic table do the listed elements belong?
(ii) What would be the nature of compound formed by a combination of elements
B and F ?
(iii) Which two of these elements could definitely be metals ?
(iv) Which one of the eight elements is most likely to be found in gaseous state at
room temperature ?
(v) If the number of electrons in the outermost shell of elements C and G be 3 and
7 respectively, write the formula of the compound formed by the combination
of C and G. 3
17. Write the names and symbols of two most reactive metals belonging to group I of
the periodic table. Explain by drawing electronic structure how either one of the two
metals reacts with a halogen. With which name is the bond formed between these
elements known and what is the class of the compound so formed known ?
State any four physical properties of such compounds. 5
Or
What is meant by refining of a metals ? Name the most widely used method of
refining impure metals produced by various reduction processes. Describe with the
help of a labelled diagram how this method may be used for refining of copper.
18. Derive the expression for the heat produced due to a current I flowing for a time
interval t through a resistor R having a potential difference V across its ends.
With which name is the relation known ? How much heat will an instrument of
12W produce in one minute if it is connected to a battery of 12V ? 5
Or
190
Explain with the help of a labelled circuit diagram how you will find the resistance of
a combination of three resistors, of resistance R
1
, R
2
and R
3
, joined in parallel. Also
mention how you will connect the ammeter and the voltmeter in the circuit when
measuring the current in the circuit and the potential difference across one of the
three resistors of the combination.
Section B
19. Name the green dot like structures in some cells observed by a student when a leaf
peel was viewed under a microscope. What is this green colour due to ? 1
20. How is the spinal cord protected in the human body ? 1
21. How is the increasing demand for energy adversely affecting our environment ? 1
22. What are hormones ? Name the hormone secreted by thyroid and state its. function. 2
23. With the help of diagrams show the different stages of binary fission in Amoeba. 2
24. Give one example each of characters that are inherited and the ones that are
acquired in humans. Mention the difference between the inherited and the acquired
characters. 2
25. Write the full form of DNA. Name the part of the cell where it is located. Explain
its role in the process of reproduction of the cell. 3
26. Explain the phenomenon of biological magnification. How does it affect organisms
belonging to different trophic levels particularly the tertiary consumers? 3
27. Explain the process of digestion of food in mouth, stomach and small intestine in
human body. 5
Or
(a) List the three events that occur during the process of photosynthesis. Explain
the role of stomata in this process.
(b) Describe an experiment to show that sunlight is essential for photosynthesis.
191
QUESTION PAPER DELHI (CODE NO. 31/1)
SECTION - A
1. What change in colour is observed when white silver chloride is left exposed to
sunlight ? State the type of chemical reaction in this change. 1
2. Which bases are called alkalis ? Give an example of alkalis. 1
3. Write the names and chemical formula of the products formed by the action of
chlorine on slaked lime. 1
4. A person is advised to wear spectacles with concave lenses. What type of defect
of vision is he suffering from ? 1
5. What will be the observed colour of the sky on a planet where there is no atmosphere ?
Why ? 1
6. Name the component of white light that deviates the least and the component that
deviates the most while passing through a glass prism. 1
7. When the powder of a common metal is heated in an open china dish, its colour
turns black. However, when hydrogen is passed over the hot black substance so
formed, it regains its original colour. Based on the above information answer the
following questions:
(i) What type of chemical reaction takes place in each of the two given steps ?
(ii) Name the metal initially taken in the powder form. Write balanced chemical
equations for both reactions. 2
8. Write the name and molecular formula of an organic compound having its name
suffixed with - ol and having two carbon atoms in the molecule. With the help of a
balanced chemical equation indicate what happens when it is heated with excess of
conc. H
2
SO
4
. 2
9. What happens when wood is burnt in a limited supply of oxygen ? Name the residue
left behind after the reaction and state two advantages of using this residue as a fuel
over wood. 2
10. In an experiment with a rectangular glass slab, a student observed that a ray of light
incident at an angle of 55 with the normal on one face of the slab, after refraction
192
strikes the opposite face of the slab before emerging out into air making an angle of
40 with the normal. Draw a labelled diagram to show the path of this ray. What
value would you assign to the angle of refraction and angle of emergence? 2
11. In an experiment to study the relation between the potential difference across a
resistor and the current through it, a student recorded the following observations:
Potential difference V (volts) 1.0 2.2 3.0 4.0 6.4
Current I (amperes) 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.6
On examining the above observations the teacher asked the student to reject one
set of readings as the values were out of agreement with the rest. Which one of the
above sets of readings can be rejected ? Calculate the mean value of resistance of
the resistor based on the remaining four sets of readings. 2
12. State in brief the reaction involved in harnessing nuclear energy from uranium. Mention
any two environmental hazards involved in harnessing nuclear energy. 2
13. An ester has the molecular formula C
4
H
8
O
2
. Write its structural formula. What
happens when this ester is heated in the presence of sodium hydroxide solution ?
Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction and name the products. What
is a saponification reaction ? 3
14. Atoms of seven elements A, B, C, D, E, F and G have a different number of electronic
shells but have the same number of electrons in their outermost shells. The elements
A and C combine with chlorine to form an acid and common salt respectively. The
oxide of element A is liquid at room temperature and is a neutral substance, while the
oxides of the remaining six elements are basic in nature. Based on the above
information answer the following questions:
(i) What could the element A be ?
(ii) Will elements A to G belong to the same period or same group of the periodic
table ?
(iii) Write the formula of the compound formed by the reaction of the element A
with oxygen.
(iv) Show the formation of the compound by a combination of element C with
chlorine with the help of electronic structure.
193
(v) What would be the ratio of number of combining atoms in a compound formed
by the combination of element A with carbon ?
(vi) Which one of the given elements is likely to have the smallest atomic radius ? 3
15. How far should an object be placed from a convex lens of focal length 20 cm to
obtain its image at a distance of 30 cm from the lens ? What will be the height of the
image if the object is 6 cm tall ? 3
16. For the circuit shown in the diagram given below:
Calculate:
6V
(i) the total effective resistance of the circuit,
(ii) the total current drawn from the battery, and
(iii) the value of current through each resistor. 3
17. What happens when an iron strip is put into separate beakers containing aqueous
solutions of copper sulphate and zinc sulphate ? Where is iron placed in the activity
series with respect to copper and zinc ? Describe the steps involved in the extraction
of zinc from its sulphide and carbonate ores. Support your answer with balanced
chemical equation for the chemical reactions involved in the process. 5
OR
(a) Give an example of a metal which
(i) is a liquid at room temperature.
(ii) is kept immersed in kerosene for storing.
(iii) is both malleable and ductile.
(iv) is the best conductor of heat.
194
(b) Name the process of obtaining a pure metal from an impure metal through
electrolysis. Suppose you have to refine copper using this process, then explain
with the help of a labelled diagram the process of purification, mentioning in
brief the materials used as (i) anode, (ii) cathode and (iii) electrolyte. 5
18. Describe an activity to (i) demonstrate the pattern of magnetic field lines around a
straight conductor carrying current, and (ii) find the direction of the field produced
for a given direction of current in the conductor. Name and state the rule to find the
direction of magnetic field associated with a current carrying conductor. Apply this
rule to determine the direction of the magnetic field inside and outside a current
carrying circular loop lying horizontally in the plane of a table. Assume that the current
through the loop is clockwise. 5
OR
What is electromagnetic induction ? State different ways of inducing current in a
coil. Suggest the most convenient situation for inducing current in a coil. State the
situation in which the induced current in the coil is found to be the highest. Name and
state the rule used to know the direction of the induced current. 5
SECTION B
19. State any one difference between autotrophic and heterotrophic modes of nutrition. 1
20. Give one reason why multicellular organisms require special organs for exchange of
gases between their body and their environment. 1
21. Mention one example of chemotropism. 1
22. Name the two main organs of our central nervous system. Which one of them plays a
major role in sending command to muscles to act without involving thinking process ?
Name the phenomenon involved. 2
23. With the help of an example show that reuse strategy is better than recycling. 2
24. Construct an aquatic food chain showing four trophic levels. 2
25. Explain the process of breakdown of glucose in a cell (i) in the presence of oxygen,
(ii) in the absence of oxygen. 3
26. Explain the mechanism of sex determination in humans. 3
195
27. (a) Draw a longitudinal section of a flower and label the following parts:
(i) Part that produces pollen grain
(ii) Part that transfers male gametes to the female gametes
(iii) Part that is sticky to trap the pollen grain
(iv) Part that develops into a fruit
(b) Differentiate between pollination and fertilization. 5
OR
(a) Explain the role of placenta in the development of human embryo.
(b) Give example of two bacterial and two viral sexually transmitted diseases.
Name the most effective contraceptive which prevents spread of such diseases. 5
196
QUESTION PAPER FOR BLIND CANDIDATES
[CODE NO. 31(B)]
SECTION - A
1. Identify the substance that is getting oxidised in the reaction: 1
CuO (s) + H
2
(g) Cu (s) + H
2
O (l)
2. Give an example of a displacement reaction. 1
3. Balance the following reaction equation: 1
Fe (s) + H
2
O (g)
Fe
3
O
4
(s) + H
2
(g)
4. State the position and nature of the image formed when an object is placed at the
centre of curvature of a concave mirror. 1
5. Will the flow of an electric current take place more easily through a thick wire or
a thin wire of the same material when connected to the same source of electric
power ? Why ? 1
6. How is the direction of magnetic field at a point determined ? 1
7. How is charcoal obtained from dry wood ? Write any two criteria for considering
charcoal a better fuel than wood. 2
8. What chemical compound is Plaster of Paris ? What happens when it is mixed with
some water and allowed to stand ? Write any two uses of Plaster of Paris. 2
9. Give reasons for the following : 2
(i) Solder, an alloy of lead and tin, is used for joining electrical wires and not the
lead or tin.
(ii) Ionic compounds have usually high melting points.
10. Write SI unit of electric current. How is electric current through a conductor related
to the potential difference across its terminals ? What really flows through a copper
wire when an electric current flows through it ? 2
11. State the meaning of refraction of light when a ray of light passes obliquely through
a rectangular glass slab. State Snells law of refraction. 2
197
12. State one limitation each for extracting energy from the following energy sources: 2
(i) Wind
(ii) Tides
13. What is an ore ? Name the steps involved for obtaining zinc metal from its sulphide
ore. Write the chemical equations for the reactions involved. 3
14. The atom of an element has an electronic configuration 2, 8, 7. 3
(i) What is the atomic number of this element and in which period of the Modern
Periodic Table will it be located ?
(ii) Will this element be a metal or non-metal ? Why ?
(iii) How will it form an ion ? What will be the nature of charge on it ?
15. Three resistors have respective resistances of (a) 2 , (b) 3 and (c) 6 . What
will be the effective resistance of their combination if
(i) all the resistors are joined in parallel,
(ii) all the resistors are joined in series, and
(iii) a parallel combination of (b) and (c) is joined in series with (a) ? 3
16. (a) State Flemings left hand rule.
(b) For what purpose is it used ?
(c) Name two devices where this rule is applicable. 3
17. (a) State two properties of carbon which lead to carbon forming more compounds
than any other element.
(b) Name the product formed when ethanoic acid reacts with pure ethanol in the
presence of an acid catalyst. Write the chemical equation for the reaction
involved.
(c) How would you distinguish experimentally between an alcohol and a
carboxylic acid ? 5
OR
(a) (i) What is a homologous series ?
(ii) Why do we see a gradation in physical properties of members of a
homologous series as the molecular mass of members increases ?
198
(iii) Why do chemical properties of members of a homologous series remain
more or less the same ?
(b) How are soaps chemically different from detergents ? How is it that detergents
are more effective than soaps in hard water ?
18. (a) What is hypermetropia ? List two causes for the development of this defect of
vision. How may this defect be corrected ?
(b) A person can distinctly see an object placed beyond 100 cm. Calculate the
power of the lens he would require to read a book placed at a distance of
25 cm. 5
OR
(a) What is meant by dispersion of light ? Explain the cause of disperson of light.
(b) A student can see clearly upto 3 m, but he wants to read the instructions
written on a board placed at 12 m. Calculate the power of the lens he would
require to see the board clearly.
SECTION B
19. State the role of saliva in the digestion of food. 1
20. What are plant hormones ? 1
21. Why is the damage to ozone layer a cause of concern ? 1
22. What type of plants exhibit natural vegetative propagation ? Describe how vegetative
propagation takes place in Bryophyllum. 2
23. List in a tabular form two differences between the processes of pollination and
fertilisation. 2
24. List any four methods used by plants to get rid of their excretory products. 2
25. What are fossils ? How are fossils formed ? Explain how the age of fossils can be
found out. 3
26. Why should there be an equitable distribution of resources ? List any two forces
working against an equitable distribution of resources. What is the ultimate motive
of these forces ? 3
199
27. (a) List two differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Give one
example each of organisms that use these two types of respiration.
(b) How is (i) oxygen and (ii) carbon dioxide transported in human beings ? 5
OR
(a) List two functions of human heart.
(b) The human heart is separated into the left and right side. How does this help
in the difference in their functioning ?
(c) What type of heart is present in fish ?
200
MARKING SCHEME
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
1. The Marking Scheme provides general guidelines to reduce subjectivity in the marking.
It carries only suggested value points for the answer. These are only guidelines and do
not constitute the complete answer. The candidates can have their own expression and
if the expression is correct, the marks may be awarded accordingly.
2. Evaluation is to be done as per instructions provided in the Marking Scheme. It should
not be done according to one's own interpretation or any other consideration. Marking
Scheme should be strictly adhered to and religiously followed.
awarded for different parts of the question should then be totalled up and written in the
left hand margin.
4. If a question does not have any parts, marks be awarded in the left hand side margin.
5. If a candidate has attempted an extra question, marks obtained in the question attempted
first should be retained and the other answer should be scored out.
6. Wherever only two/three of a 'given' number of examples/factors/points are expected
only the first two/three or expected number should be read. The rest are irrelevant and
should not be examined.
7. There should be no effort at 'moderation' of the marks by the evaluating teachers. The
actual total marks obtained by the candidate may be of no concern of the evaluators.
8. mark may be deducted if a candidate either does not write units or writes wrong
units in the final answer of a numerical problem.
9. A full scale of mark 0 to 100 has to be used. Please do not hestitate to award full marks
if the answer deserves it.
10. Some of the questions relate to Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). These questions
are to be evaluated carefully so as to judge the candidate's understanding / analytical
ability.
201
MARKING SCHEME
CODE NO. 31/1/1
SECTION - A
1. Iron nails get coated with a reddish brown substance.
Copper sulphate solution becomes light green 1
2. Catenation / Tetravalency / Ability to form multiple bonds / Carbon
Carbon bond is very stable. (Any two) , 1
3. Because the angle of incidence is 0
0
/ Ray passing through the centre of
curvature is incident normally to the mirror. 1 1
4. Virtual / Erect 1 1
5. Positive charge / Proton 1 1
6. Ciliary muscles 1 1
7. (i) A white precipitate / Insoluble substance is formed.
(ii) If the reactants are in solid state.
(iii) Na
2
SO
4
+ BaCl
2
2 NaCl + BaSO
4
(iv) Double displacement / Double decomposition / Precipitation 2

8. (i) Methane / CH
4
(ii) By anaerobic decomposition of biomass in the presence of micro-

organisms.
(iii) It is a clean fuel.
It burns without smoke.
It leaves no residue.
Its heat capacity / calorific value is high.
It is used for lighting purpose.
Safe and efficient method of waste disposal.
slurry left behind can be used as an excellent manure. (Any two) , 2
202
9. a) X Violet
Y Red
b) Due to difference in speed of different colours / Difference in
wavelength and frequency / Refractive index of glass is different
for different colours of light. 1 2
10. Solenoid is a coil of many circular turns of insulated copper wire wrapped
closely in the shape of a cylinder.
Pattern
Direction
Pattern indicates that the magnetic field is uniform at all points inside the
solenoid. 2
11. (i) Momentary deflection in the galvanometer to one side.
(ii) Momentary deflection in the galvanometer, now in the opposite direction.
(iii) No deflection in the galvanometer.
Phenomenon involved is electromagnetic induction. 2
12. Any four of the following :
(i) It can be used only at those places where wind blows for the greater
part of the year.
(ii) Wind speed should be higher than 15 km/h to rotate the turbine at the
required speed.
203
(iii) Need of a back up facility when there is no wind.
(iv) Requires large area for setting up wind energy farms.
(v) Tower and blades require a high level of maintenance.
(Any other point) x4 2
13.
1
f
=
1
v
1
u
1
u
=
1
24 18

Object should be placed at a distance of 72 cm from the lens. 1
3
14. A : Fe
2
O
3
; B : Al ,
(i) Fe
2
O
3
(s) + 2 Al (s) 2 Fe (l) + Al
2
O
3
(s) + heat
condition of the reaction, physical state of reactants and products,
thermal status.
(ii) Displacement Reaction
Redox Reaction
Exothermic Reaction (Any two) 1 3
15. Double covalent bond / Alkenes / Triple covalent bond / Alkynes / Unsaturated
compounds
Example : C = C H C C H
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Ni / Pd
H
2
204
Or
Unsaturated fat + H
2
saturated fat 1
Condition : Presence of Nickel / Palladium as catalyst
Change : The liquid reactant changes to solid product
Natural source : Vegetable oil 3
16. (i) Third Period / Group 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 respectively.
(ii) Ionic / Electrovalent
(iii) A and B ,
(iv)
G H
(v) CG
3
3
17. Sodium / Na, Potassium / K, Rubidium / Rb, Cesium / Cs
(Any two) ,
Na Cl x
xx
xx
x
x Na
+
Cl x
xx
xx
x
x
+
K Cl x
xx
xx
x
x K
+
Cl x
xx
xx
x
x
+
(Any one)
1
Ionic / Electrovalent bond
Salts / Ionic compounds
Physical properties :-
(i) Crystalline solid at room temperature
(ii) Brittle, hard solid
(iii) Soluble in water
(iv) Have high melting and boiling point
(v) Conduct electricity in aqueous / molten form
(Any four) 4x 5
OR
205
Removal of impurities from a crude metal is called refining of metals 1
Electrolytic refining 1
Drawing 1
Any 2 labels 1
Description :
On passing the current through the electrolyte, the pure metal from the anode
dissolves into the electrolyte. An equivalent amount of pure metal from the
electrolyte is deposited on the cathode. The soluble impurities go into the
solution, whereas, the insoluble impurities settle down at the bottom of the
anode and are known as anode mud. 1
18. (i) Work done in moving the charge W = VQ
Power input, P =
= V I
Energy, E = P t = V I t
This energy gets dissipated in the form of heat.
H = V I t
Applying Ohm's law, we get
H = I
2
Rt 2
(ii) The relation is known as Joule's law of heating. 1
(iii) P = 12 W t = 1 minute = 60s
206
H = P t
= 12 W 60s
H = 720 J 1 5
OR
Resistances in parallel
Placement of ammeter
Direction of current
Terminals to be marked
From the circuit, voltmeter and ammeter readings to be noted down. The ratio 1
of V and I gives the resistance
By using the formula
1
R
=
1
R
1
+
1
R
2
+
1
R
3
resistance of the combination can be found.
Ammeter is connected in series with the resistor. 1
Voltmeter is connected in parallel with the resistor. 1
SECTION - B
19. Chloroplast, chlorophyll , 1
207
20. Vertebral column / Back bone 1
21. Excessive use of natural resources / Causes pollution 1
22. Chemical compounds which are poured into blood, help to control and
coordinate 1
Thyroxin
Regulates carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism 2
23.
4 2
24.
25. Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid 1
Nucleus 1
Contains information for inheritance of features from parents to next generation. 1 3
26. Non-biodegradable chemicals (toxic substances) which get accumu-
lated progressively at each trophic level of a food chain. 1
Accumulation is progressive at each trophic level 1
Maximum accumulation (concentration) is found in tertiary consumers. 1 3
208
27. MOUTH : Salivary amylase secreted by salivary glands breaks starch to
sugar.
STOMACH : Pepsin digests proteins and
HCl facilitates action of enzyme pepsin and creates acidic
meduim.
SMALL INTESTINE : Receives secretions from liver and pancreas.
Pancreas : Trypsin digests proteins
Lipase digests fats
Liver : Bile juice emulsifies fat
Bile juice makes the medium basic (for the action of pancreatic
enzymes)
: Intestinal juice converts proteins to aminoacids, carbohydrates
to glucose, fats to fatty acids and glycerol. ,, 5
OR
a) (i) Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll.
(ii) Conversion of light energy to chemical energy and splitting of
water into hydrogen and oxygen.
(iii) Reduction of carbondioxide to carbohydrates.
Massive amounts of gaseous exchange takes place through stomata.
b) Take a destarched potted plant.
Cover part of a leaf with black paper and keep it in the sunlight
for about 6 hrs.
Decolorize the leaf by boiling in water and then alcohol in a water
bath.
Dip the leaf in dilute solution of iodine for a few minutes.
Part of the leaf covered with black paper does not turn blue
black, while uncovered portion of leaf turns blue black.
Covered portion does not synthesize starch, uncovered portion
synthesizes starch.
209
MARKING SCHEME
CODE NO. 31/1
SECTION - A
1. White colour changes to grey
Decomposition reaction 1
2. Water soluble bases are called alkalis
NaOH / KOH / Ca (OH)
2
/ Mg (OH)
2
(Any one) 1
3. Calcium Oxychloride / Bleaching Powder
CaOCl
2
1
4. Myopia / Nearsightedness / Shortsightedness 1 1
5. Dark / Black / No colour
Scattering of light does not take place 1
6. Least deviated red component
Most deviated violet component 1
7. (i) Oxidation / Combination reaction
Reduction / Displacement reaction
(ii) Copper
2 Cu + O
2
2 CuO
CuO + H
2
Cu + H
2
O 2
( mark to be awarded for any one of the above equations)
8. Ethanol, C
2
H
5
OH / C
2
H
6
O ,
C
2
H
5
OH
conc. H SO
2 4
H O
2
H
2
C = CH
2
/ C
2
H
4
1 2
9. Water and volatile material get expelled and a residue is left
Charcoal
210
Two advantages :
(i) It burns without smoke. / Cause no pollution.
(ii) It has a higher calorific value. / higher heat generation efficiency.
(or any other) , 2
10
Deviation of rays
Direction of rays
Angle of refraction = 40
0
Angle of emergence = 55
0
2
11. Reading to be rejected in the table is (3.0, 0.6) 1

Mean R = (10 + 11 + 10 + 10.6)
= 10.4
Calculations
Answer 2
12. Reaction involved is : Nuclear fission
Nucleus of uranium, when bombarded with low energy neutrons, splits into
lighter nuclei releasing tremendous amount of energy.
Environmental hazards (Any two of the following)
(i) Improper nuclear waste storage and disposal results in environmental
contamination.
211
(ii) Risk of accidental leakage of nuclear radiations affects the environment.
(iii) Genetic mutation / Skin cancer , 2
13.
It changes into an alcohol / ethanol and a carboxylic acid / ethanoic acid.
OR Saponification takes place.
CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
CH
3
COOH + C
2
H
5
OH
Products : Ethanol and Ethanoic acid
Saponification : Reaction of an ester with an acid or a base to give an alcohol
and a carboxylic acid. 1 3
14. (i) Hydrogen
(ii) Same group
(iii) A
2
O / H
2
O
(iv)
(v) 4 : 1
(vi) A 6x 3
15.
212
3
16. (i)

(ii)
(iii)
1 3
17. Colour of copper sulphate solution changes from blue to light green. /
Reddish brown substance is deposited on the iron nail.
No change is observed in zinc sulphate solution.
Iron is above copper and below zinc. / Iron is between copper and zinc in the
reactivity series of elements. 1
Roasting : 2 ZnS + 3 O
2
2 ZnO + 2 SO
2
1
Calcination : ZnCO
3
ZnO + CO
2
1
Reduction : ZnO + C Zn + CO 1 5
OR
213
a) (i) Mercury / Hg
(ii) Na / K
(iii) Cu / Zn / Al / Au / Ag (or any other)
(iv) Ag / Cu
b) Electrolytic refining
1
Description :
On passing current through the electrolyte, the pure metal from anode
dissolves and an equivalent amount of pure metal from electrolyte is
deposited on the cathode. Insoluble impurities settle down at the bottom.
(Note : The description should mention the following: )
Cathode : Pure copper
Anode : Impure copper
Electrolyte : Acidified copper sulphate solution 1 5
18.
(i) A thick copper wire is passed through a cardboard and the ends of the
wire are attached to the battery and key. When current is passed through
214
the wire as shown, the iron filings on tapping the cardboard align
themselves in the form of concentric circles whose centre lies on the
wire. On placing a compass needle at a point (say P) the direction of
the north pole of the needle gives the direction of field at the point P.
(ii) When the direction of current is downwards the direction of magnetic
field lines is clockwise. 2
Rule : Right hand thumb rule 1
Statement : Imagine that you are holding a current-carrying straight conductor
in your right hand, such that the thumb points towards the direction of the
current, then your fingers will wrap around the conductor in the direction of
magnetic field lines. 1
Diagram with direction / Explanation. 1 5
OR
Electromagnetic induction is the process by which :- a changing magnetic field
in a conductor induces a current in another conductor / motion of a magnet with
respect to the coil produces an induced potential difference which sets up an
induced electric current in the circuit. 1
Different ways of inducing current :
(i) by moving a coil in a magnetic field
(ii) by changing the magnetic field around a coil
Most convenient situation :
To move the coil in the magnetic field. 1
Condition for maximum induced current :
When the direction of motion of the coil is at right angles to the magnetic field. 1
215
Fleming's right hand rule : Stretch the thumb, forefinger and middle finger
of right hand so that they are perpendicular to each other such that the
forefinger points in the direction of the magnetic field, the thumb shows the
direction of motion of conductor, then the middle finger will show the direction
of induced current. 1
SECTION - B
19. The process of synthesising their own food.
Obtaining food from others directly or indirectly. 1
(Any other difference)
20. All the cells of multicellular organisms are not in direct contact with the
surrounding environment. 1 1
21. Growth of pollen tube towards ovary. 1 1
22. (i) Brain
(ii) Spinal cord
(iii) Spinal cord
(iv) Reflex action 2
23. Two examples Paper, plastic bottles (any other examples) ,
Recycling uses some energy.
Recycling needs to segregate wastes. 2
24. Phytoplanktons Zooplanktons Small fish Big fish
( mark for each trophic level) 4 2
Note : Start the food chain with Phytoplanktons.
Stop marking whereever the trophic level goes wrong.
(Any other example)
216
25. Glucose Pyruvate 1
Pyruvate CO
2
+ H
2
O + Energy 1
( mark each for CO
2
and H
2
O).
Pyruvate C
2
H
5
OH + CO
2
+ Energy
( mark each for C
2
H
5
OH and CO
2
) 1 3
26. Male X Y
Female X X
Gametes ,
Zygote , 3
Alternatively
,
,
,
27. a) 1
217
i) Anther 4
ii) Style
iii) Stigma
iv) Ovary
b) Pollination Fertilisation
1) Transfer of pollen grains from 1) Fusion of male and female
anther of a flower to stigma of gametes
same or different flower.
2) Occurs in plants only 2) Occurs in plants and animals
3) Needs agents 3) No agents are needed
(Any two differences) 1+1 5
Note : To be marked only when corresponding differences are given.
OR
a) Role of placenta :
1) Embryo gets nutrition from mother's blood with the help of placenta.
2) Provides large surface area for glucose and oxygen to pass from
mother to the embryo.
3) Removal of wastes
(Any two) 1+1
b) Two bacterial diseases gonorrhoea, syphilis. ,
Two viral diseases warts, HIV - AIDS ,
Condom 1
218
MARKING SCHEME
CODE NO. 31(B)
SECTION - A
1. Hydrogen / H
2
1 1
2. Zn + 2 HCl ZnCl
2
+ H
2
(or any other example) 1 1
3. 3 Fe(s) + 4 H
2
O (g) Fe
3
O
4
(s) + 4 H
2
(g) 1 1
4. Position: At the centre of curvature ; Nature: Real / Inverted , 1
5. Thicker wire as it provides easier path for the electrons flow (or R 1/A) , 1
6. By placing a magnetic needle at the point; the direction of north pole of the
needle will give the direction of the mganetic field. , 1
7. By heating wood in limited sypply of Oxygen/Destructive distillation of wood. 1
Criteria for considering charcoal a better fuel than wood (Any Two):
(i) Higher calorific value / high heat generation capacity
(ii) Leave no ash / residue
(iii) Produces less smoke
(iv) Less polluting 2 2
8. Calcium sulphate hemihydrate / CaSO
4
. H
2
O
It sets into a hard mass
Uses : (i) For plastering fractured bones
(ii) For making statues / decorative articles
(iii) For making system air tight
(iv) For making designs on the walls and Ceilings (Any Two) 2 2
9. (i) Solder has comparatively lower melting point. 1
(ii) Because of strong attraction between + ve and ve ions. 1 2
219
10. ampere (symbol A)
Electric current potential difference or V I or V = IR 1
Electrons/negative charges 2
11. Bending of ray of light towards normal while entering from air to glass 1
Snell's law : The ratio of sine of angle of incidence to the sine of angle of
refraction for a given set of media and for light of a given colour is a constant.
(or sin i/sin r = constant) 1 2
12. Limitation for extracting energy from wind : Any One
Wind should blow at that place for the greater part of the year.
Wind speed - higher than 15 km/h
Need for a back up facility when wind speed is low
High cost of establishment of wind energy farms
High cost of maintenance 1
Limitation of Using Tidal Energy : Any One
Limitation of location for its use
Power output is variable due to variation in tidal range
Power generation is not large 1 2
13. Ore : A mineral from which a metal can by extracted profitably 1
Steps for obtaining zinc from its sulphide ore :
(i) Roasting Zn S + O
2

heating
ZnO + SO
2
,
(ii) Reduction Zn O + C
heating
Zn + CO , 3
14. (i) Atomic number = 17 ; Period Third (III) ,
(ii) Non-metal, because it will gain one electron to acquire noble gas con-
figuration. ,
(iii) It forms an ion by gaining an electron, Negative charge , 3
15. (i)
1 2 3
1 1 1 1
p
R
R R R
= + +
220

(ii) R
s
= R
1
+ R
2
+ R
3
= 2 + 3 + 6 = 11
(iii)
3
16. (a) Fleming's Left Hand Rule : Stretch the thumb, forefinger and middle
finger of your left hand such that they are mutually perpendicular to
each other. If the forefinger points in the direction of magnetic field and
middle finger points in the direction of current, then the thumb will point
in the direction of motion/force on the conducter. 1
(b) For finding the direction of force exerted on a current carrying conductor
placed in a magnetic field 1
(c) Devices: Electric motor / Electric fan / Electric grinder / Electric meters
such as Galvanometer. ammter etc. (Any Two) , 3
17. (a) Properties of Carbon (Any Two)
Catenation / Teravalency / Stability of C C bond / formation of 2
multiple bonds. 1
(b) Ethyl ethanoate / Ester
CH
3
COOH

+ C
2
H
5
OH
Conc H
2
SO
4

CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
+ H
2
O 1
(c) Add Na
2
CO
3
/NaHCO
3
to the two samples. The sample in which brisk
effervesence occur is carboxylic acid. 2 5
OR
(a) (i) Homologous Series : A group of organic compounds having
the same functional group in which two successive members differ
by a CH
2
group. 1
221
(ii) The size of the molecule increases gradually / physical preperties
depend on the molecular mass 1
(iii) All members of the homologous series have the same functional
group. 1
(b) Soap : Sodium or potassium salts of long chain of carboxylic acids.
Detergents : Ammonium or Sulphonate salts of long chain of carbo-
xylic acids 1
Detergents are more effective than soaps in hard water because deter-
gents do not form insoluble precipitate with calcium and magnesium
ions in hard water. 1
18. (a) Hypermetropia : Defect of vision in which a person can see distant
objects clearly but can not see distinctly the nearby objects.
Causes : (i) Focal length of the eye lens is too long/Low converging
power of the eye lens.
(ii) Eye ball has become too small.
Correction Using a convex lens / Converging lens of appropriate
focal length / power.
(b) Near point : 100 cm i.e., v = 100 cm; u = 25 cm
,
, 5
OR
(a) Dispersion : Splitting of white light into its constituent colours 1
Cause : Different colours of white light bend through defferent angles
with respect of the incident ray while passing through a prism. 1
222
(b) Here v = 3 m ; u = 12 m ,
,
,
SECTION B
19. Saliva converts starch to soluble sugar 1 1
20. Plant hormones : Chemical compounds which help in growth and develop -
ment of plants. 1 1
21. Damage to ozone layer may allow harmful uv-radiations causing skin cancer
and other harmful diseases. 1 1
22. Plants which have lost the capacity to form seeds or produce non-viable seeds. 1
In Bryophyllum buds are produced in the notches along the leaf margins which
fall on the soil and develop into new plants. 1 2
23. Pollination Fertilisation
i) Occurs in plants only i) Occurs both in plants and animals
ii) Transfer of pollen grains ii) Fusion of male and female gamets
from anther of one flower
to stigma of same or
another flower
iii) Requires agents iii) No agents are required
Any two difference 21 2
24. (i) Excess of water removed by transpiration.
(ii) Excrete some wastes into the soil around them.
(iii) Waste products are stored as resins and gums.
(iv) Waste products are stored in leaves that fall off.
(v) Many plant wastes are stored in cellular vacuoles. (Any four) 4 2
223
25. Fossils : Preserved traces of living organisms 1
Formation of fossils : When a living organism is not decomposed
and buried in earths surface for several years. 1
Finding age of a fossils : (i) By digging into the earth the fossils found
closer to the surface are more recent than the fossil found in deeper
layer / By detecing the ratios of different isotopes of same element in
the fossil material. 1 3
26. There should be equitable distribution of resources so that rich and poot
both are benefitted.
Money and power
Exploit the natural resources and to take maximum share.
27. (a) Aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration
i) Takes place in presence i) Takes place in absence
of oxygen of oxygen
ii) End products are CO
2
ii) End products are CO
2
+
and H
2
O ethanol/lactic acid
iii) Releases greater energy iii) Releases lesser energy
iii) CO
2
evolved is more iii) CO
2
evolved is less
(Any Two) 21
Example - Plants / animals Example - Bacteria / Yeast ,
(b) Oxygen is transported by haemoglobin present in RBC. CO
2
is trans-
ported in dissolved form in the blood. 1 5
OR
(a) Functions of human heart :
(i) Pumping of blood 1
(ii) To regulate the direction of flow of blood 1
(b) Left side of the heart regulates the flow of oxygenated blood. 1
Right side of the heart regulates the flow of de-oxygenated blood 1
(c) Chambered heart 1
224
PRACTICAL SKILLS
IN SCIENCE
TEST BOOKLET
2. There are 30 multiple choice questions in total. Only one of the options in every
question is correct.
3. The question paper consists of two sections - Section A and Section B. Each of the
20 questions in Section A carries half mark and each of the 10 questions in Section B
carries one mark.
4. 15 minutes additional time will be given to you to read the questions.
5. The Answer Sheet is inside this Test Booklet. When you are directed to open
the Test Booklet, take out the Answer Sheet and fill in the particulars on SIDE-2
carefully with blue/black ball point pen only. In no case pencil is to be used. Read
General Instructions for Candidates and Example, How to write and darken
circle on SIDE-2 as given on SIDE-l carefully.
6. Use Blue/Black Ball Point Pen only for writing particulars on this page and writing
particulars and marking responses on SIDE-2 of the Answer Sheet.
7. On completion of the test, the candidate must hand over the Answer Sheet to
the invigilator in the Room/Hall. The candidates are allowed to take away this
Test Booklet with them.
8. The CODE for this Booklet is A. Make sure that the CODE printed on SIDE-2
of the Answer Sheet is the same as that on this booklet. In case of discrepancy, the
candidate should immediately report the matter to the Invigilator for replacement of
both the Test Booklet and the Answer Sheet.
9. The candidates should ensure that the Answer Sheet is not folded. Do not make any
stray marks on the Answer Sheet. Do not write your Roll Number anywhere else
except in the specified space in the Test Booklet/Answer Sheet.
10. Use of white fluid for correction is not permissible on the Answer Sheet.
Test Booklet Code
A
225
QUESTION PAPER (CODE NO. LRH)
SECTION - A
1. A student was asked by the teacher to mix the white of an egg with water taken in a
beaker and then stir it well. The student would observe that:
(1) a pale yellow transparent solution is formed
(2) an opaque suspension is formed
(3) a translucent mixture is formed.
(4) egg white floats on the surface of water
2. Which one of the following is not the correct observation when a magnet is moved
repeatedly through a mixture of Iron filings and Sulphur powder kept in a tray ?
(1) Most of the iron filings cling to the magnet at the poles.
(2) A black mass of iron sulphide is produced.
(3) Sulphur does not cling to the magnet.
(4) Sulphur powder is left behind in the tray.
3. The colour of the gas evolved on heating solid lead nitrate is :
(1) yellow
(2) brown
(3) greenish yellow
(4) green
4. Which of the following precaution is incorrect in the determination of boiling point
of water ?
(1) The bulb of the thermometer should be kept about 4 - 5 cm above the surface
of water.
(2) Pieces of pumice stone should be added to water before heating to avoid
bumping.
(3) The final temperature should be noted carefully by keeping the eyes in line
with level of mercury.
(4) The thermometer bulb should dip well below the surface of water.
226
5. Four students set up the experiment on plotting the temperature-time graph of a hot
body as it cools to room temperature. They all perform the experiment using identical
apparatus, under identical conditions and plot their graphs on similar graph papers
using similar scales. The teacher asks them to observe their graphs carefully and list
down the (approximate) values of the angles, made with the time axis, by the tangents
to their graphs, at the beginning and towards the end of their observations. The
values, noted by them, were as follows:
Student A : 60 ; 30
Student B : 65 ; 22
Student C : 75 ; 14
Student D : 85 ; 5
The best noting is likely to be that of student:
(1) A
(2) B
(3) C
(4) D
6. While performing the experiment on determining the velocity of a pulse through a
stretched string, a student has to choose from:
(i) a tightly knit thick cotton string of length 5 m or a woollen string of length 7 m.
(ii) a stop clock of least count 1 s or a stop watch of least count 0.5 s.
For best results he should prefer the combination of :
(1) cotton string and stop clock.
(2) cotton string and stop watch.
(3) woollen string and stop clock.
(4) woollen string and stop watch.
227
7. A student has to choose from two available measuring cylinders, and two available
spring balances, with the specifications listed below:
Cylinder C
1
: Capacity = 50 mL ; diameter = 1.25 cm, least count = 0.5 mL
Cylinder C
2
: Capacity=100 mL ; diameter = 2.5 cm, least count = 1.0 mL
Spring Balance S
1
: Least count = 2 gwt, zero error = Nil
Spring Balance S
2
: Least count = 1 gwt, zero error = + 2 gwt
The solid, whose density is to be determined, is available as a cube of side 1 cm.
The combination, he/she should prefer, is :
(1) C
1
; S
1
(2) C
1
; S
2
(3) C
2
; S
1
(4) C
2
; S
2
8. The D (or protractor) used for measuring the angle of incidence ( i) and the angle
of reflection ( r), has to be positioned in the ways illustrated in figures:
(1) W and Y respectively.
(2) W and Z respectively.
(3) X and Y respectively.
(4) X and Z respectively.
9. A student identified the following diagram as that of voluntary muscle fibres.
228
The-identification was indicated by the presence of :
(1) intercalated discs
(2) transverse muscle fibres
(3) many nuclei in the periphery
(4) many cells fused together
10. Which one of the following is the correct method of obtaining an onion peel ?
(1) Mash the onion leaf and select the thinnest part
(2) Take a thick scale leaf and make thin sections using a blade
(3) Draw out a thin and transparent piece from the concave surface of scale leaf
using forceps
(4) Use a needle and forceps to remove a thin peel from the convex surface of a
scale leaf.
11. In the. diagram of the earthworm shown below, the position of the mouth is indicated
by:
(1) I
(2) II
(3) III
(4) IV
12. On putting few drops of an unknown liquid on the pH strip as shown here, the
colour of pH strip changed to violet. The liquid taken is likely to be :
229
(1) dilute hydrochloric acid
(2) dilute sodium hydroxide
(3) water
(4) dilute acetic acid
13. A student performed an experiment using zinc granules and sodium carbonate with
sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid under different conditions as shown here.
He would observe that no gas is evolved in the set up :
(1) I
(2) II
(3) III
(4) IV
14. A student took solid quick lime in a china dish and added a small amount of water.
He heard:
(1) a popping sound
(2) a crackling sound
(3) a hissing sound
(4) no sound at all.
15. The following apparatus is available in the laboratory
Battery : adjustable from 0 to 6 V
Resistors : 4 and 12
Ammeters : A
l
of Range 0 to 5 A; Least Count 0.25 A
A
2
of Range 0 to 3 A; Least Count 0.1 A
230
Voltmeters : V
1
of Range 0 to 10 V; Least Count 0.5 V
V
2
of Range 0 to 5 V; Least Count 0.1 V
For the experiment to find the equivalent resistance of the parallel combination of
the two given resistors, the best choice would be :
(1) ammeter A
1
and voltmeter V
1
.
(2) ammeter A
1
and voltmeter V
2
.
(3) ammeter A
2
and voltmeter V
1
.
(4) ammeter A
2
and voltmeter V
2
.
16. Observe the figures K, L, M, N given below:
The correct way of connecting the ammeter and voltmeter with a series combination
of two resistors in a circuit for finding their equivalent resistance, is shown in diagram:
(1) K
(2) L
(3) M
(4) N
231
17. Four students set up the glass slab experiment as shown below:
The correct fixing of the pins P
1
and P
2
, for defining the incident ray, and of pins P
3
and P
4
, for finding the emergent ray, has been done by student:
(1) (A)
(2) (B)
(3) (C)
(4) (D)
18. The diagram of sclerenchyma tissue given below can be correctly identified because
of the:
(1) thin cell membrane and thick cell wall.
(2) thick cell wall with pits and no nuclei.
(3) large central vacuole and pits in the cell membrane.
(4) long fibre like shape and absence of cytoplasm.
232
19. In the diagram of the stomatal pore given below the marking corresponding to the
chloroplast is :
(1) (A)
(2) (B)
(3) (C)
(4) (D)
20. The diagram given below is the experimental set up to show that carbon-di-oxide is
given out during respiration. In this set up what does the test tube marked (X)
contain?
(1) Water
(2) Lime water
(3) Potassium hydroxide
(4) Hydrochloric acid
SECTION - B
21. Common salt can be separated from a mixture of common salt and sand using the
sequence of processes:
(1) dissolution, filtration and evaporation
(2) filtration, evaporation and dissolution
(3) sublimation, dissolution and evaporation
(4) dissolution, evaporation and sublimation.
233
22. The volume of a given solid sphere of a metal, is determined to be 20 mL. The mass
of this solid is determined by using the spring balance shown here.
The density of this metal is :
(1) 6.0 g/ cc
(2) 5.9 g/ cc
(3) 5.85 g/ cc
(4) 5.75 g/ cc
23. Upon observing slides showing stages of reproduction in amoeba and yeast, students
reported the following observations :
(i) Cytokinesis was seen in the yeast cell.
(ii) A chain of buds was seen due to reproduction in amoeba.
(iii) In amoeba, elongated nucleus was dividing to form two daughter nuclei.
(iv) Single cells of amoeba and yeast were undergoing binary fission and budding
respectively.
The correct observations are :
(1) (i) and (ii) only
(2) (ii) only
(3) (iii) and (iv) only
(4) (i), (iii) and (iv) only
234
24.
In the diagrams (A) and (B) shown above:
(i) The parts marked P in (A) and (B) are organs of reproduction.
(ii) The part marked P in (A) is for defence and in (B) is for absorption of minerals.
(iii) The part marked Q in (A) and (B) are for nutrition.
(iv) The part marked Q in (A) is for food storage and in (B) for making seeds.
The correct statements are:
(1) (i) and (iv)
(2) (i) and (iii)
(3) (ii) and (iv)
(4) (ii) and (iii)
25. A student performed the following four experiments :
He would find formation of solid deposition in experiments:
(1) (II), (III)
(2) (I), (II)
(3) (I), (II), (III)
(4) (II), (III), (IV)
235
26. A student was provided with acetic acid by the teacher and asked to conduct an
experiment to study the reaction of acetic acid with litmus solution and sodium
bicarbonate. The student would have reported:
(1) blue litmus solution turned red, a colourless gas was evolved with sodium
bicarbonate.
(2) red litmus solution turned blue, a brown gas was evolved with sodium
bicarbonate.
(3) blue litmus solution remained blue, a green gas was evolved with sodium
bicarbonate.
(4) red litmus solution remained red, a yellow gas was evolved with sodium
bicarbonate.
27. Parallel rays, from a distant tree, incident on the device X, form its distinct image on
a screen as shown. The diagram, correctly showing the image of the tree on the
screen, is diagram:
(1) A and the device X is a convex lens.
(2) A and the device X is a concave mirror.
(3) B and the device X is a convex lens.
(4) B and the device X is a concave mirror.
28. The values of resistances marked on the two coils R
l
and R
2
are found to be correct.
A student connects the given resistors in the following manner:
236
He then connects the terminals marked X and Y above to the terminals marked X
and Y in the circuit given below:
The average value of the ratio V / I in the observations recorded in the above circuit
would be :
(1) more than 6
(2) equal to 9
(3) between 3 and 6
(4) less than 3
29. While performing the experiment with raisins to determine the percentage of water
absorbed by them, a student recorded the following data:
Weight of the water in the beaker = 50 g
Weight of raisins before soaking = 20 g
Weight of raisins after soaking for one hour = 30 g
Weight of water left in the beaker after the experiment was over = 40 g
The percentage of water absorbed by raisins is :
(1) 10
(2) 20
(3) 45
(4) 50
237
30. In the experiment to prove that light is necessary for photosynthesis, the leaf should
be tested for starch after the following four steps:
(i) Keep the potted plant in sunlight for at least 3 - 4 hours.
(ii) Keep the potted plant in complete darkness for about 48 hours.
(iii) Cover a leaf of the plant with black paper strip.
(iv) Pluck the leaf.
The correct sequence of these steps is :
(1) (i), (iii), (iv), (ii)
(2) (i), (iv), (iii), (ii)
(3) (ii), (iv), (iii), (i)
(4) (ii), (iii), (i), (iv)
238
239
240
Scoring Key
Practical Skills in Science
Series LRH Test Booklet Code A
(Outside Regions)
Q. No. Correct Option No.
1 3
2 2
3 2
4 4
5 4
6 2
7 4
8 4
9 3
10 3
11 4
12 2
13 4
14 3
15 3
16 2
17 1
18 *
19 4
20 3
21 1
22 4
23 3
24 2
25 3
26 1
27 1
28 4
29 4
30 4
241
SOCIAL SCIENCE
1. There are 29 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
2. Marks for each question are indicated against the question.
3. Questions from serial number 1 to 10 are 1 mark questions. Answers of these
questions may be from one word to one sentence each.
4. Questions from serial number 11 to 18 are 3 marks questions. Answer of these
questions may be given in 60-80 words each.
5. Questions from serial numbers 19 to 28 are 4 marks questions. Answer of these
questions may be given in 80-100 words each.
6. Question No. 29 is on map work. Attach the map inside your answer book.
1. Mention the proclamation of the French Revolution. 1
Or
When did Vietnam gain formal independence? 1
2. Who invented the first printing press? 1
Or
What was the notable event of 1836, regarding novels? 1
3. Claasify resources into two groups on the basis of their origin. += 1
4. Mention the sowing period of Kharif crops. 1
5. What is the traditional system of rain water harvesting used in Rajasthan? 1
6. Name the industry which uses limestone as its main raw material. 1
242
7. Name any two subjects which are included in the Union List. += 1
8. Define the term Federalism. 1
9. What is the criteria used by World Development Report 2006 for classifying
countries? 1
10. In which two different forms do we participate in the market? += 1
11. Explain any three features of Napoleonic Code. 3x1=3
Or
Why was conflict started in Vietnam against French colonizers in all areas of life?
Explain. 3
12. Analyse the role of merchants and the industrialists in the Civil Disobedience
Movement. 3x1 =3
13. Study the given passage and answer the questions that follows:
In earlier times, foreign travellers in India marvelled at the courage, truthfulness and
modesty of the people of the Arya Vamsa, now they remark mainly on the absence
of those qualities. In those days Hindus would set out on conquest and hoist their
flags in Tatar, China and other countries; now a few soldiers from a tiny island far
away are lording it over the land of India.
Tarni Charan Chattopadhyay, Bharathasher Itihas. (The History of Bharatvarsh)
Vol. 1.1858
(13.1) Mention the qualities of Arya Vamsa that were admired by the foreign
travellers in earlier times.
(13.2) How did folklore help in the spread of nationalism amongst the Indians ?
Explain. 1+2=3
14. How did print culture develop in Europe? Explain. 3x1=3
Or
Explain any three features of the early Bengali novels. 3x1=3
15. How do the social divisions affect politics? Explain giving example of Northern
Ireland. 3
243
16. Explain any three factors which are responsible for breaking down the old notions
of caste hierarchy. 3x1=3
17. Study the data given below in the table and answer the questions that follow: 1+2=3
Some Comparative Data on Punjab, Kerala and Bihar
State Infant Mortality Literacy Rate Net Attendance
Rate per 1,000 (%) (2001) Ratio for Class I-V
(2003) (1995-96)
Punjab 49 70 81
Kerala 11 91 91
Bihar 60 47 41
(1 7.1) Which state has the highest infant mortality rate?
(17.2) Why has this state the highest infant mortality rate? Give two reasons.
Note: The following question is for the Blind Candidates only; in lieu of Q. No.17.
Define the following terms:
(17.1) Infant mortality rate
(17.2) Literacy rate
(17.3) Net attendance rate 3x1=3
18. Why are rules and regulations required for the protection of consumers interest in
the market place? Explain two reasons. 1+1 = 3
19. Explain the role of technology in flourishing the trade during the late nineteenth
century. 4
Or
Why had Indian cotton export market collapsed and the local market shrank in the
beginning of nineteenth century? Explain. 2+2=4
Or
Explain with examples how has industrialization changed the form of urbanization in
England, in the modem period. 4x1=4
244
20. Analyse any four reasons for the depletion of forest resources in India. 4x1=4
21. Explain any four reasons responsible for water scarcity in India. 4x1=4
22. Write any four characteristics of Kandla sea port. 4x1=4
23. Examine any four reasons for strained relationship between the Sinhala and Tamil
communities. 4x1=4
24. Describe in brief, any four features of movement for democracy in Nepal. 4x1=4
25. Democracy is better form of government than other forms of governments. Justify
the statement. 4
26. Give four reasons for the rising importance of tertiary sector in India. 4x1=4
27. How does the use of money make exchange of things easier? Explain with
examples. 4
28. Explain the role of technology in stimulating globalization process. 4
29. Six features with serial numbers (i) to (vi) are marked in the given political outline
map of India. Identify these features with the help of the following information and
write their correct names on the lines marked in the map. 6x1=6
(i) The place of peasants Satyagraha in Gujarat.
(ii) The place where Indian National Congress Session was held in 1927.
(iii) Tea producing state
(iv) The iron-ore mine
(v) The coal mine
(vi) The terminal station of National Highway No.7.
Or
Locate and label the following on the given political outline map of India: 6x1=6
(i) Chauri Chaura
(ii) Amritsar
(iii) Tungabhadra - Dam
245
(iv) Talcher - Thermal Power Station
(v) Indore - Software Technology Park
(vi) Kandla - Sea Port
Note: The following questions are for the Blind Candidates, in lieu of Q. No. 29. 6x1=6
(29.1) Name the place, where the peasants movement was started in Gujarat.
(29.2) Name the place, where Indian National Congress Session was held in
1927.
(29.3) Which is the leading tea producing state in India?
(29.4) On which river Tungabhadra dam is built?
(29.5) Where is the Software Technology Park located in Rajasthan.
(29.6) Name the nuclear power station located in Tamil Nadu.
246
247
248
1. Who founded the secret society, Young Italy during the 1830s ? 1
OR
Mention any two major barriers to economic growth in Vietnam. + = 1
2. Who was Martin Luther ? 1
OR
Who wrote Kadambari ? 1
3. Which state has the largest area under permanent forests? 1
4. What is Bangar ? 1
5. Name the river on which Sardar Sarovar dam has been built. 1
6. What are Placer deposits ? 1
7. Name the university which honoured Tommie Smith and John Carlos and installed
their statues in the university campus. 1
8. Which are the two major sects of Christianity in Northern Ireland ? += 1
9. Name the sector which forms the base for all other products. 1
10. What is collateral ? 1
11. Culture played an important role in creating the idea of the nation in Europe.
Support the statement with examples. 3
OR
The schools became an important place for political and cultural battles in Vietnam
against French colonialism. Support the statement with examples. 3
12. Why did Gandhiji decide to launch a nationwide Satyagraha against the proposed
Rowlatt Act 1919 ?Explain any three reasons. 3x1=3
13. Study the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: 1+2=3
249
On 6 January 1921, the police in United Provinces fired at peasants near Rae Bareli.
Jawaharlal Nehru wanted to go to the place of firing, but was stopped by the police.
Agitated and angry, Nehru addressed the peasants who gathered around him. This
is how he later described the meeting:
They behaved as brave men, calm and unruffled in the face of danger. I do not
know how they felt but I know what my feelings were. For a moment my blood was
up, non-violence was almost forgotten - but for a moment only. The thought of the
great leader, who by Gods goodness has been sent to lead us to victory, came to
me, and I saw the kisans seated and standing near me, less excited, more peaceful
than I was - and the moment of weakness passed, I spoke to them in all humility on
non-violence - I needed the lesson more than they - and they heeded me and
peacefully dispersed.
(13.1) How did the peasants who gathered around Nehru near Rae Bareli behave
when he addressed them?
(13.2) Explain what did Nehru mean when he said, I needed the lesson more
than they.
14. Explain any three features of handwritten manuscripts before the age of print in India. 3x1=3
OR
Novels were useful for both the colonial administrators and Indians in colonial India.
Support the statement with examples. 1+1= 3
15. Explain how Belgium was able to solve her ethnic problems. 3x1=3
16. Explain the threefold distribution of legislative powers between the Union Government
and the State Governments. 3x1 =3
17. Study the given diagram and answer the questions that follow: 3x1=3
250
(17.1) Which sector shows the highest increase in share of G.D.P. in the given
period?
(17.2) Which sector shows the decreasing trend in the share of its G.D.P. ?
(17.3) Why has the primary sector remained more important than other sectors in
spite of its smaller share in G.D.P. ? Give one reason.
Note: The following question is for the Blind Candidates only, in lieu of Q. No. 17.
Why is the tertiary sector becoming more important than the other economic sectors?
Explain any three reasons. 3x1 =3
18. Mention any three points of distinction between formal sector loans and informal
sector loans. 3x1=3
19. Explain how the First World War was so horrible a war like none other before. 4
OR
Explain the main features of proto-industrialisation. 4
OR
Explain any four steps taken to clean up London in the nineteenth century. 4x1=4
20. What are the reasons for land degradation? Describe briefly any four measures
to conserve land from degradation. 2+2=4
21. Agriculture and industry are complementary to each other. Justify the statement. 4x1=4
22. Explain any four merits of pipeline transport in India. 4x1=4
23. Caste can take various forms in politics. Describe any four forms. 4x1= 4
24. Explain two features each of sectional interest groups and public interest groups. 2+2=4
25. Explain any four features that are common in all democratic set-ups of government. 4x1=4
26. Money in your pocket cannot buy all the goods and services that you need to live
well. Explain giving suitable examples. 4
27. Explain any four ways by which MNCs exercise control on production. 4x1=4
28. How is the consumer redressal process becoming cumbersome? Give four reasons. 4x1=4
251
29. Six features with serial numbers (1) to (6) are marked in the given political outline
map of India. Identify these features with the help of the following information
and write their correct names on the lines marked in the map : 6x1=6
(29.1) Centre of cotton textile mill workers Satyagraha
(29.2) Place where Indian National Congress Session 1920 was held
(29.3) Coffee producing state
(29.4) Major iron-ore mine
(29.5) Important coal mine
(29.6) Terminal station of N.H. 1
OR
Locate and label the following on the given political outline map of India : 6x1=6
(29.1) Champaran
(29.2) Dandi
(29.3) Hirakud Dam
(29.4) Uran - Thermal Power Station
(29.5) Jaipur - Software Technology Park
(29.6) Vishakhapatnam - Sea-port
Note: The following questions are for the Blind Candidates only, in lieu of Q. No. 29.
(29.1) Name the place where Gandhiji began the Civil Disobedience Movement
by breaking the salt law.
(29.2) At which place was the Indian National Congress Session 1920 held?
(29.3) Name the leading coffee producing state of India.
(29.4) On which river is Hirakud dam built ?
(29.5) Name the major sea-port located in Andhra Pradesh.
(29.6) Name the terminal stations of National Highway 1. 6x1=6
252
253
254
1. The Marking Scheme provides general guidelines to reduce subjectivity in the marking. The
answers given in the Marking Scheme are suggested answers. The content is thus indicative.
If a student has given any other answer which is different from the one given in the Marking
Scheme but conveys the meaning, such answers should be given full weightage.
2. Evaluation is to be done as per instructions provided in the Marking Scheme. It should not
be done according to ones own interpretation or any other consideration. Marking Scheme
should be strictly adhered to and religiously followed.
awarded for different parts of the question should then be totalled up and written in the left
hand margin and circled.
4. If a question does not have any parts, marks be awarded in the left-hand margin.
5. If a child has attempted an extra choice question, answer of the question deserving more
marks should be retained and the other answer scored out.
6. While evaluating the answer book it should be remembered that Social Science course at
this stage is a part of general education and therefore does not require a specialized study of
the four subjects- History, Geography, Civics and Economics which comprise it.
7. Except for questions which require recall of information, the responses of students should be
evaluated in terms of the understanding that they reflect. Listing down of points without any
explanation may not be proper indication of the examinees understanding.
8. A mere listing of a large number of points should not be seen as a better answer than fewer
points well explained. The answers of the latter type should be given credit.
9. Reference to the page number of the prescribed text books has been given for various
questions. This is for the information of the examiners and a reading of these pages of the text
books may be useful in assessing the answer scripts. Page number in the Marking Scheme
refers to the N.C.E.R.T books(latest edition)
10. A full scale of marks 0 to 80 has to be used. Please do not hesitate to award full marks if the
answer deserves it.
Marking Scheme ---- Social Science
255
Specific Instructions
12. The Marking Scheme carries only suggested value points for the answers. These are only
guidelines and do not constitute the complete answer. The students can have their own
expression and if the expression is correct, the marks should be awarded accordingly.
13. Some of the questions may relate to higher order thinking ability/skills (HOTS). These
questions have been indicated separately by putting * on the question number. These questions
are to be evaluated carefully and the students understanding/analytical ability may be
judged.
1. Proclamation of the French Revolution:
The French nation to liberate the people of Europe from despotism /
To help other people of Europe to become nations./ The revolution
proclaimed that it was the people who would constitute the nation
and shape its destiny. Page 5 1
OR
Vietnam gained formal independence in 1945. Page 29 1
2. The first printing press was invented by Johann Gutenberg. Page 156
OR
In 1836 a notable event took place when Charles Dickens Pickwick
papers was serialized in a magazine. Page 179 1
3. On the basis of origin, resources are classified into-
(i) Biotic Resources
(ii) Abiotic Resources Page 2 + = 1
4. Sowing Period of Kharif crops
Onset of Monsoon/June-July
Page 36 1
256
5. Traditional system of rain water harvesting-
Underground tanks or Tankas/Rooftop rain water harvesting
Page 30, 31 1
6. The industry which uses limestone as its main raw material-
Cement Industry Page 75 1
7. Subjects which are included in the Union List-
(1) Defence of the country
(2) Foreign affairs
(3) Banking
(4) Communication
(5) Currency (Any two) Page 16 + = 1
8. Federalism is a system of government in which the power is divided
between a central authority and various constituent units of the
country/Federalism means two or more levels of government. Pages 14,15 1
9. Per capita income per annum is the criteria used by World Develop-
ment Report 2006 for classifying countries. Page 8 1
10. We participate in the market as :
(1) Consumers
(2) Producers Page 76 + = 1
11. Features of Napoleonic Code-
1) All privileges based on birth were withdrawn.
2) Established equality before the law.
3) Secured the right to property
4) Simplified administrative divisions
5) Abolished the feudal system
6) Freed peasants from serfdom and manorial dues.
257
7) Guild restrictions were removed
8) Peasants, artisans, workers and new businessmen enjoyed a
new-found freedom.
9) Any other relevant point
(Any three features to be explained ) Page 6 3x1 = 3
OR
Conflict was started in Vietnam against French colonizers-
1) French control on military
2) Economic dominance..
3) Reshape the culture of the Vietnamese
4) Racial discrimination
5) Humiliation was done in different ways.
6) Any other relevant point
(Any three features to be explained ) Page 30 3x1 = 3
12.* Role of merchants and the industrialists in the Civil Disobedience
Movement-
1) Merchants reacted against colonial policies that restricted
business activities.
2) They wanted protection against imports of foreign goods.
3) They wanted rupee-sterling foreign exchange ratio that would
discourage imports.
4) Industrialists formed the Indian Industrial and Commercial
Congress in 1920.
5) They formed the Federation of the Indian Chamber of Com-
merce and Industries (FICCI) in 1927.
6) They refused to sell or buy imported goods.
7) They gave financial assistance and supported the Civil Diso-
bedience Movement.
8) They attacked colonial control over the Indian economy.
9) Any other relevant point.
(Any three points to be analysed) Page 66 3 x 1 = 3
258
13.* Sources based question:
13.1 The qualities of Arya Vamsa-
(1) Courage
(2) Truthfulness
(3) Modesty of the people.
(Any two qualities)
13.2 Folklore helped in the spread of nationalism amongst the Indians-
1) Indian folklore gave a true picture of traditional culture that
had been corrupted and damaged by outside forces.
2) It was essential to preserve this folk tradition in order to dis-
cover ones national identity and restore a sense of pride in
ones past. Pages no.71,72 1+2=3
14. Print culture developed in Europe-
1. Chinese paper reached Europe which made possible the
production of manuscripts, carefully written by scribes.
2. Marco Polo brought the technology of woodblock printing by
which Italians began producing books with woodblocks and
soon the technology spread to other parts of Europe.
3. Book fairs were held at different places.
4. Production of handwritten manuscripts was organized in new
ways to meet the expanded demand.
5. Woodblock printing gradually became more and more popular
and was widely used in Europe to print textiles, playing cards
and religious pictures etc.
6. The first known printing press was developed by Johann
Gutenberg.
7. (Any three points to be explained) Page 156 3x1=3
OR
Features of the early Bengali novels-
1. The early Bengali novels lived in two worlds.
259
2. These novels were located in the past, their characters, events
and love stories based on historical events.
3. Another group of novels depicted the inner world of domestic
life in contemporary settings.
4. Domestic novels frequently dealt with the social problems.
5. Some novels dealt with romantic relationship between men
and women.
6. Any other relevant point.
(Any three points to be explained) Pages 189,190 3x1=3
15. The social divisions affect politics-
1. Democracy involves competition among various political parties.
2. Their competition tends to divide any society.
3. It leads to conflict, violence or even disintegration of a country.
For example in the case of Northern Ireland. Its population is
divided into two major sects of Christianity : 53% protestants
and 44% Roman Catholics.
The Catholics were represented by nationalists parties who
demanded that Northern Ireland be unified with the Republic
of Ireland.
The Protestants were represented by Unionists who wanted to
remain with UK.
(To be assessed as a whole) Page 34 3
16. Factors responsible for breaking down the old notion of caste hierarchy
1. Economic development.
2. Large scale urbanisation
3. Growth of literacy and education
4. Occupational mobility
5. The weakening of the position of landlords in the villages.
6. Constitution prohibited any caste-based discrimination/
untouchability.
(Any three factors to be explained) Page 51 3x1 = 3
260
17. Table based Question
(17.1) Bihar (1 mark)
(17.2) Inadequate provision for :
(i) Basic health
(ii) Educational facilities
(iii) PDS
(iv) Any other relevant point
(Any two - 2 marks) 1+2 = 3
For blind candidates:
(17.1) Infant Mortality rateIt is the number of children that die
before the age of one year as a proportion of 1000 live
children born in that particular year.
(17.2) Literacy rateIt is the proportion of literate population in the
7 and above age group.
(17.3) Net attendance rateIt is the total number of children of age
group 6-10 attending school as a percentage of total
number of children in the same age group.
Page 10 1+1+1=3
18. Rules and regulations are required because :
(i) Individual consumers often find themselves in a weak position.
(ii) Seller tries to shift all the responsibility on to the buyer.
(iii) Unfair trade practices.
(iv) Adulterated / defective goods are sold.
(v) False information is given and passed on through the media.
(vi) Any other relevant point
(Any two reasons to be explained ) Page 76 1 +1 =3
19. Role of technology during the late 19
th
century-
1. The railways, steamships, the telegraph etc were important
inventions without which one cannot imagine the transformed
19
th
century world.
261
2. Technological advancement was often the result of large social,
political and economic factors.
3. Improvements in transport : faster railways ,lighter wagons and
larger ships helped move food more cheaply.
4. New technology like refrigerated ships, which enabled the
transport of perishable foods over long distances.
(Any four points to be explained) Pages 83,84 4x1 = 4
OR
Indian cotton export market collapsed
1. Arrival of cheap and durable goods from Manchester.
2. Industrialists persuaded the East India Company to sell British
manufactures in Indian markets.
3. Import duties imposed on Indian cotton textiles in Britain.
(Any two points to be explained, 2 marks)
The local market shrank
1. Produced by machine cotton cloth was sold so cheap that Indian
weavers could not easily compete with them.
2. By 1860, Britishers could not get sufficient supply of raw cotton
of good quality as the American civil war broke out and cotton
supplies from the US were cut off. Then Britain turned to India
Raw cotton exports from India increased due to this prices of
raw cotton shot up.
3. Weavers in India were forced to buy raw cotton at exorbitant
prices.
(Any two points to be explained, 2 marks ) Pages 116,117 2+2 = 4
OR
Industrialisation changed the form of urbanisation in England-
1. Textile mills attracted the large number of migrants from rural
areas.
262
2. A large number of people migrated from other places to Leeds,
Manchester and London.
3. London became city of clerks, shopkeepers, etc.
4. Five major types of industries employed large numbers.
5. During the first world war, London began manufacturing motor
cars and electrical goods.
20.* Reasons for the depletion of forest resources-
1 The greatest damage was done during the colonial period due
to the expansion of the railways, agriculture, commercial and
scientific forestry.
2 Due to agricultural expansion over 26,200 sq. km of forest
area was converted into agricultural land.
3 Deforested or degraded by shifting cultivation.
4 Large scale development projects e.g. Narmada Sagar Project
5 Mining activity
6 Grazing and fuel wood collection
7 Rapidly expanding industrial- urban economy
8 Habitat destruction, hunting, poaching, forest fires etc
9 Any other relevant point
(Any four reasons) Pages 16-18 4x1=4
21. Reasons responsible for water scarcity-
1. Variation in seasonal and annual precipitation.
2. Over-exploitation.
3. Excessive use and unequal access to water among different
social groups.
4. Rapid growth of industrialisation.
5. Urbanisation.
263
6. More use of water in agriculture sector.
7. Bad quality of water.
8. Growing population.
22. Characteristics of Kandla Sea Port
1. Kandla was the first port developed soon after Independence.
2. To ease the volume of trade on the Mumbai port.
3. Kandla Port located in Kuchchh in Gujarat.
4. It is a tidal port.
5. It caters to the convenient handling of exports and imports for
Northern and Western states of India.
(Any four characteristics) Page 87 4x1 = 4
23.* Reasons for strained relationship between the Sinhala and Tamil communities-
1. The leaders of the Sinhala community sought to secure
dominance over government by virtue of their majority.
2. The democratically elected government adopted a series of
majoritarian measures to establish Sinhala supremacy.
3. An act was passed to recognise Sinhala as the only official
language.
4. Preferential policies that favoured Sinhala applicants for
government jobs.
5. A new constitution stipulated that the state protect and foster
Buddhism.
6. The government policies denied them equal political rights.
(Any four reasons to be examined)
Page 3 4x1 = 4
264
24. Features of movement for democracy in Nepal-
1. Nepal witnessed an extraordinary popular movement in April
2006, which was aimed at regaining popular control over the
government from the king.
2. All the major political parties in the parliament formed a Seven
Party Alliance.
3. Four day strike called in Kathmandu, turned into an indefinite
strike.
4. Maoist insurgents and various other organizations joined hands.
5. On 21 April, they served an ultimatum to the king and stuck to
their demand for restoration of parliament power to an all party
government and a new constituent assembly.
6. On 24 April, the last day of the ultimatum the king was forced
to concede all the three demands.
7. The new constituent assembly was going to be known as Nepals
second movement for democracy.
(Any four features to be described) Pages 58,59 4x1 = 4
25.* Democracy is a better form of government-
1. Promotes equality among citizens.
2. Enhances the dignity of the individual.
3. Improves the quality of decision making.
4. Provides a method to resolve conflicts.
5. Allows room to correct mistakes.
(Justify any two points) Page 90 2+2=4
26. Importance of tertiary sector
(i) Provision of basic services such as medical, education , post
and telegraph by the government
(ii) Development of agriculture and industry leads to development
of services such as trade, transport, storage.
265
(iii) Rise in income level results in more demand for services like
eating out, tourism, private schooling.
(iv) Emergence of new services such as those based on information
and communication technology.
(v) Any other relevant point.
(Any four) Page 24 1x4 = 4
27. Money makes exchange of things easier-
(i) With the use of money, exchange becomes possible without
double coincidence of wants.
(ii) Goods and services are being bought and sold with the use of
money.
(iii) Any other relevant point
(To be explained with two relevant examples) Page 39 2x2 = 4
28. Role of Technology-
(i) Improvements in transportation technology has made much
faster delivery of goods across long distances possible at lower
costs.
(ii) Developments in information and communication technology
has helped to contact one another around the world.
(iii) Satellite communication devices have helped to access
information instantly even from remote areas.
(iv) Internet allows us to send instant etectronic mail and talk across
the world at negligible costs.
(v) Any other relevant point
29. Filled up maps attached 6x1 = 6
For the blind Candidates
(29.1) Kheda
(29.2) Madras
266
(29.3) Assam
(29.4) Tungabhadra river
(29.5) Jaipur
(29.6) Kalpakkam 6x1 = 6
267
268
269
1. GIUSEPPE MAZZINI Page12 1
OR
1. High population levels
2. Low agricultural productivity
3. Extensive indebtedness among peasants
(Any two points) Page 33 + =1
2. Religious /protestant reformer Page 160 1
OR
Banabhatta Page 187 1
3. Madhya Pradesh Page20 1
4. Old Alluvial Soil Page8 1
5. River Narmada Page27 1
6. Certain minerals may occur as alluvial deposits in sands of valley
floors and the base of hills, known as placer deposits Page52 1
7. San Jose State University Page30 1
8. Catholics and Protestants Page 33 +=1
9. Primary Sector Page20 1
10. It is an asset that the borrowers own and uses this as a guarantee to
a lender until the loan is repaid. Page44 1
11.* 1. Art and poetry ,stories and music helped to express to shape
nationalist feelings.
2. Romanticism is a cultural movement sought to develop a
particular form of nationalist sentiments.
3. Romantic artists and poets focussed on emotions, intentions
270
and intuitions and mystical feelings rather than reason and
science.
4. Vernacular eg. Karol Korpinski celebrated national struggle
through operas and music.
5. Their effort created shared collective heritage, a common past
as the basis of a nation.
6. German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder claimed that true
German culture was to be discovered among common people.
7. It was through folk songs, poetry and folk dances that true
spirit of the nationalism was popularized.
8. Language also played an important role in developing nationalist
sentiments eg. After Russian occupation, Russian Language was
imposed throughout Poland and the use of Polish Language
came to be seen as a symbol of struggle against Russian
dominance.
(Any three points) Pages 13-15 1+1+1=3
OR
1. The teachers and students did not blindly follow the curriculum.
2. A major protest took place in Saigon Native Girls School for
showing discrimination between Vietnamese and French
children.
3. Students fought against the colonial government to prevent
Vietnamese from qualifying for white collar jobs.
4. While teaching, Vietnamese teachers quietly modified the text
and criticised what stated in it.
5. They were inspired by patriotic feelings and thoughts . It was
the duty of educated to fight for the benefit of society.
6. By 1920 students formed into various political parties such as
the Party of Young Annan and started publishing national
journals.
Any other relevant point.
(Any three points) Page36 1+1+1=3
271
12. 1. This act had been hurriedly passed through the Imperial
Legislative Council and despite the united opposition of the
Indian members.
2. It gave enormous powers to government to repress political
activities.
3. It allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two
years.
4. Mahatma Gandhi wanted non-violence, civil disobedience
against such unjust laws which could start with a hartal on 6
th
April.
(Any three points to be explained) Page55 1+1+1=3
13.* 13.1. They behaved as brave men, calm and unruffled in the face of
danger. (1 mark)
13.2 (1) Nehru meant that he forgot non-violence for a moment
under anger.
(2) He needed to learn the lesson of non-violence from the
peasants who were calm and unruffled.
(3) Any other relevant point Page 59 1+2=3
(Any two, 2 marks)
14.* 1. They were copied on palm leaves or on handmade papers.
2. Pages were beautifully illustrated .
3. They were pressed between wooden covers or sewn together
to ensure preservation .
4. Manuscripts were available in vernacular languages.
5. Highly expensive and fragile.
6. They could not be read easily as script was written in different
styles.
7. They were not widely used in every day life.
(Any three points to be explained) Pages167,168 1+1+1=3
272
OR
To colonial administration
1. A source to understand native life and customs.
2. It helped to govern Indian society with various communities
and castes.
3. Novels helped to know the domestic life, dresses, religious
worships etc.
4. Some of the books were translated into English by British
administrators or Christian missionaries.
(Any three points x3 = 1 marks)
To Indians
1. Indians used the novels as a powerful medium to criticise defects
what they considered in the society and to suggest remedies.
2. To establish relationship to its past.
3. To propagate their ideas about society.
4. It glorified the accounts of the past and helped in creating sense
of national pride among the readers.
5. Novels helped in creating a sense of collective belongingness
on the basis of ones language.
For example, Writers like Viresalingam used the novel to
propagate their ideas about society. (any other example)
(Any three points x3 = 1 marks) Page191 1+1=3
15. 1. The Belgium leaders recognised the existence of regional
differences and cultural diversities through accommodation
method.
2. Dutch and French speaking ministers are equal number in the
central government.
3. Many powers of the central government had been given to the
state governments of the two regions.
4. State governments are not subordinate to the central
government.
273
5. Brussels have a separate government in which both the
communities have equal representation.
6. There is a separate community government elected by the
people belonging to one language community-no matter where
they live.
(Any three points to be explained) Pages 4,5 1+1+1=3
16 Union List ;
1. Subjects which are of national importance like defence, foreign
affairs, banking, communication and currency.
2. Union Government can alone make laws related to these
subjects.
State List
1. Subjects of State and local importance are given in the list like
police, trade, commerce, agricultural and irrigation.
2. State Governments alone can make laws related to those
subjects.
Concurrent list
1. It includes subjects of common interest like education, forest,
trade unions, marriage, adoption and succession. Both Union
and State Governments can make laws. If there is a conflict
with each other, the laws made by the Union Government will
prevail. Pages16,17 1+1+1=3
17 (17.1) Tertiary Sector (1 mark)
(17.2) Primary Sector (1 mark)
(17.3) 1. It provides employment to a large number of people.
2. It is the base for the other products.
3. Agriculture is the main occupation of the people.
(Any one 1 mark) Page24 1+1+1=3
274
(For blind candidates)
Importance of Tertiary Sector:
1. It provides basic services.
2. Helps in the development of other sectors.
3. Increasing demand due to increase in income level.
4. Increase in I T and Communication Technology.
(Any three points) Page25 1+1+1=3
18. Formal Sector Loans
1. Controlled by the government
2. Banks and Cooperatives
3. Charges low interest rates.
4. Needs collateral
5. Supervised by RBI
6. They maintain accounts and follow fair methods of collection
of loans.
Informal Sector Loans
1. No organisation to supervise.
2. Moneylenders, relatives and friends constitute this sector.
3. High rate of interest.
4. They use unfair methods of loan collection and involve in
malpractices.
5. Accounts are not transparent.
(Any three points of distinction) Pages 48-49 3x1 = 3
19. 1. It was the first modern industrial war which involved industrial
nations
2. Machine guns, tanks, aircraft, chemical weapons etc., are used
on a massive scale.
3. Unthinkable death and destruction
275
4. Most of the people killed and injured were men of working
age.
5. Declined the household income.
6. Men were forced to join in the war.
7. Women stepped in to undertake jobs which they were not used
to.
(Any four points to be explained) Page92 1+1+1+1=4
OR
Main features of Proto-Industrialisation
1. Production was not based on factories.
2. Large scale home based production for international market.
3. Merchants moved to countryside and supplied money for
artisans to produce for international market.
4. It provided alternative source of income
5. Income from proto-industrial production supplemented their
shrinking income from cultivation.
6. Helped in fuller use of their family labour resources.
7. Close relationship developed between the towns and
countryside.
(Any four points to be explained) Page105 1+1+1+1=4
OR
Four steps to clean up London:
1. Attempts were made to decongest localities
2. To green the open spaces
3. To reduce pollution
4. To landscape the city
5. Large blocks of apartments were built.
276
6. Introduction of rent control.
7. Demands were made for new lungs for the city
8. Architects and planners developed the principles of the Garden
City.
(Any four points to be explained) pages 132, 133 1+1+1+1=4
20. Reasons for land degradation
1. Deforestation
2. Overgrazing
3. Over irrigation
4. Mining and quarrying
5. Industrial effluents
(Any two points, 2x1 = 2 marks)
Conservation Methods
1. Afforestation
2. Shelter belts of plants
3. Control on overgrazing
4. Stabilisation of sand dunes by growing thorny bushes
5. Proper discharge of industrial wastes
6. Control on overmining
(Any four points to be discribed, x 4 = 2 marks)
Pages 6,7 2 + 2 = 4
21.* 1. Agro-based industries in India have given a major boost to
agriculture by raising its productivity.
2. Agriculture supplies raw material to industries.
277
3. Industries supply irrigation pumps, fertilizers, machines and tools
to farmers.
4. Industries made the agricultural production very efficient.
(Any four points, 1 mark each)
Pages 65,66 1x4 = 4
22 Merits of pipeline transport.
1. It is used for transporting crude oil, petroleum products and
natural gas.
2. Solids can also be transported through pipeline in the form of
slurry.
3. Refineries can be set up in interior places.
4. Fertilizer Industries and Thermal Power Plants can be set up
anywhere.
5. Maintenance cost is cheap
6. It rules out transshipment losses and delay.
(Any four points to be explained, 1 mark each)
Page85 1 x 4 = 4
23 1. While choosing the candidates parties keep in mind the caste
composition of the electorate and nominate candidates from
different castes.
2. In government formation political parties take care that
representatives of different castes and tribes find a place in it
3. Political parties and candidates appeal to caste sentiment to
get support.
4. Some political parties are known to favour some castes and
are seen as their representatives.
5. Universal adult franchise and the principle of one-person-one-
vote compelled political leaders to mobilise and secure political
support.
278
6. It also brought new consciousness among the people of castes
that were earlier treated as inferior and low.
(Any four points to be described, 1 mark each)
Pages 51, 53 1x4 = 4
24 Sectional Interest group
1. Seeks to promote interests of particular section or group of
society.
2. They represent a section of society, caste and religion.
3. Principle concern is the betterment of their members but not
society in general.
4. Sometimes they represent some common general interest.
(Any two points to be explained, 2x1 = 2 marks)
Public Interest Groups
1. Promote collective rather than selective goods.
2. They aim to help groups other than their own groups.
3. Their concern is social justice with social equality for the entire
society.
(Any two points to be explained, 2x1 = 2 marks)
Pages 64,65 2+2=4
25 Features of democratic setup
1. It has formal constitution.
2. It holds elections.
3. It has political parties.
4. It guarantees rights of citizens.
Page 90 1 x 4 = 4
279
26* 1. Money cannot buy pollution free environment.
2. It cannot ensure that you get unadulterated medicines.
3. It cannot protect you from infectious diseases.
4. Girls are not able to achieve secondary level schooling because
government or society has not provided adequate facilities.
5. Money cannot provide safety, security and freedom to ones
life.
Pages 10,11 1x4 = 4
27 1. MNC s setup production jointly with some of the local
companies.
2. They provide money for additional investments and expand
production.
3. They control production by placing order with small producers.
4. By closely competing with local companies .
5. They exercise tremendous power and determine the price.
6. They also have the power to decide quality , delivery and labour
conditions for distance producers.
7. They have the power to sell their brand names to the customers.
Page 58 1x4 = 4
28. 1. Expensive
2. Time consuming
3. Required to engage lawyers
4. In most purchases cash memos are not issued.
5. Most purchases in the markets are small retail sales.
6. The existing laws are not very clear on the issue of
compensation.
280
7. The rules and regulations for working of markets are often not
followed.
Pages 86.87 1x4 = 4
29. Identification
1. Ahmedabad
2. Kolkata
3. Karnataka
See the attached map 6
4. Bailadila
5. Neyveli
6. Amritsar
For Blind candidates
(29.1) Dandi
(29.2) Calcutta or Nagpur
(29.3) Karnatka
(29.4) River Mahanadi.
(29.5) Vishakhapatnam
(29.6) Amritsar and Delhi. 6
281
282
283
Introductory Information Technology
Q.1. (a) Give the full form of DBMS. 1
(b) What is a field in DataBase? Give an example. 1
(c) What is the field size property of an AutoNumber datatype In MS_ACCESS? 1
(d) Give the difference between MEMO and TEXT type field used in MS-
ACCESS. 1
(e) What is the Caption property for a field in Ms-ACCESS? What caption is
assigned by default? 2
(f) Explain the VALIDATION TEXT and VALIDATION. RULE properties for
a text type field. 2
(g) Name two data types in which the field property ALLOW ZERO LENGTH
is available in MS_ACCESS 2
Q2. (a) What is a Home Page? Explain briefly. 1
(b) abc@mnc.co.in represents an ___________ . 1
(c) Give one advantage of Electronic Mail over ordinary mailing method 1
(d) What is a Web Server and how is it related to a Web Page? . 1
(e) Name one Internet Service Provider in India. 1
(f) What is the function of FTP? 1
Please check that this question paper contains 4 printed pages.
Code number given on the right hand side of the question paper should be written on the
title page of the answer-book by the candidate.
Please check that this question paper contains 4 questions.
Please write down the serial number of the question before attempting it.
15 minutes time has been allotted to read this question paper. The question paper will be
distributed at 10.15 a.m. From 10.15 a.m. to 10.30 a.m., the student will read the question
paper only and will not write any answer on the answer script during this period.
284
(g) Give the full form of the following terms: 2
(i) HTTP
(ii) URL
(h) Mr. Lal owns a factory which manufactures automobile spare parts. Suggest
him the advantages of having a web page for his factory. 2
Q3. (a) Give an example of a Empty element in HTML. 1
(b) What is the function of <HTML> tag? 1
(c) Explain ALINK attribute used in HTML. 1
(d) Give the function of Home Button on the Tool Bar of the browser window. 1
(e) Explain the following statement: 2
<HR SIZE = 5 ALIGN = RIGHT WIDTH = 60>
(f) Explain the following with the help of an example: 2
(i) ................. 
(ii) < OL TYPE = 10 >
(g) What is the output of the following segment of the HTML code? 2
<BODY>
FRUITS
<HR WIDTH = 50%>
<LI> MANGO
<LI> APPLE
<LI> GRAPES
</UL>
</BODY>
(h) What does the following code do? 2
<A HREF http://WWW.INDIA.COM>Connect to India</A>
Q4. Write the HTML code for the following Web Page as seen on the Internet Explorer.
The details are given below 8
285
1. Title is Learning English.
2. Text Colour is darkblue and Visited Link Colour is red.
3. Size of the text is 7 and the first text-line is Centre-Aligned
4. The Image in button shape with text Best Site on WEB for Teachers is Right
Aligned. Its Filename is button.gif. The Image Height is 175 pixels and Width
is 300 pixels.
5. The Image is also a Hyperlink and the linked file is teach.html
6. There are four Horizontal Lines in the Web Page. The details about them are:
a. Line Colour is black
b. Line Thickness is 5 pixels
c. Lines are not shaded.
d. Width of last line is 50%.
7. Unordered List of type disc has been used to list the three items.
8. The List Items are Hyperlinks and the linked files are:
S.No Hyperlink Tex: Linked File
1. Improve your English improve.html
2. Prepare for TOEFL toefl.html
3: Prepare for CBSE Boards boards.html
286
QUESTION PAPER CODE 53
Q1. (a) Expand the term DBMS. 1
(b) What is a Primary Key in DataBase? Give an example 1
(c) What is the value for fieldsize properly of a TEXT datatype MS-ACCESS? 1
ACCESS. 1
(e) What is the Caption property for a field in MS-ACCESS? What caption is
(f) Write the steps to insert a Field in the field list in MS-ACCESS 2
(g) Write down the steps to set a default value (NOT POSSIBLE) for a TEXT
type field in MS-ACCESS. 2
Q2. (a) What is a Web Browser? Explain briefly. 1
(b) www.myschool.org represents a web ____________ . 1
(c) Explain the term Downloading from Internet. 1
(d) Explain briefly-Video-Conferencing. 1
(e) Mention two advantages of Electronic Mail. 1
(f) Explain briefly Chat in computer terms. 1
(i) WWW
(ii) FTP
(h) Differentiate between Web Pages and Web Sites. 2
Q3. (a) Give one difference between Empty and Container elements in HTML. 1
(b) What is the function of <BODY> tag? 1
(c) Explain LINK attribute used in HTML. 1
(d) Give the function of STOP Button on the Tool Bar of the browser window.
< BODY BGCOLOR = YELLOW TEXT = RED VLINK = BLUE>
287
(i) ..........., 
(ii) ..........., 
(g) Give example for the following: 2
(i) <OL>
(ii) FONT tag
(iii) <TITLE>
(iv) HREF attribute
<IMG SRC = PICTURE.GIF ALT = Your Photo>
The details are given below. 8
1. Title is Delhi Book Store.
2. Text Colour is dark-blue and Visited Link Colour is maroon
3. Biggest Heading Tag is used for the sub-title Indias largest Book Store
which Centre-Aligned.
288
4. Size of rest of the text is 7 and the title Delhi Book Store is Underlined.
5. The logo appearing in the top-left corner is an Image with Filename as logo.ipg.
Image Height is 70 pixels and Width is also 70 pixels.
6. There are two Horizontal Lines in the Web Page. Their Colour is black and
Thickness is 10 pixels. They are not shaded.
7. Ordered List using Roman Numerals has been used to list the three items
1. Arts art. html
2. Medical med.html
3. Engineering eng.html
289
Introductory Information Technology
IMPORTANT NOTE :
All answers provided in the Marking scheme are SUGGESTIVE.
Examiners are requested to accept all possible alternative correct answers.
Q.1. (a) Give the full form of DBMS. 1
Ans: The full form of DBMS is Database Management System. 1
(1 Mark for correct answer)
(b) What is a field in DataBase? Give an example. 1
Ans: A field is the collection of data of a particular data type. For example, Admno
is a field, which contains only numeric data, Name is a field, which contains
only character data
ADMNO NAME
1000 Ankita
2000 Bhav
3000 Charit
( Mark for correct explanation)
( Mark for correct example)
(c) What is the field size property of an AutoNumber datatype In MS_ACCESS? 1
Ans: The field size property tells the maximum size of the data that will be stored in
the given field.
The field size property of an Auto Number datatype in MS-Access is Long
Integer.
290
( 1 Mark if only Long Integer is given as answer)
OR
( % Mark if only explanation of field size property is given)
OR .
( Mark if any valid integer value is given)
ACCESS. 1
Ans: Text type fields accepts characters and numbers, which do not require
calculation, and maximum length is 255 characters
Memo type fields also accepts characters and numbers, but are used when
you require to enter a large amount of data or number, which do not require
calculation, and the maximum length is 65,535 characters
(1 Mark for correct difference)
OR
( Mark if either of the two data type fields are defined)
Ans: The Caption property is used to give name to the field at the time of entering
the data in the table. If you dont specify a caption for a table field, then the
original field name will be used as the caption.
For example:
If Caption for the ADMNO field is Stud_ID, then at the time of entering the
records, you will see,
stud_ID
1000
2000
(1 Mark for explanation, with / without supporting example)
(1 Mark for default caption)
OR
( Mark if only a valid example is given)
291
(f) Explain the VALIDATION TEXT and VALIDATION. RULE properties for
a text type field 2
Ans: Validation Rule: This property is used to specify requirements for data
entered into a Record or field.
For example:
[ENG]<> 0 Entry for the ENG field must be a nonzero value.
Validation Text: It is given to give the response or feedback to the user
about the data entered in the field, so that the correct data can be entered in
the column.
For example:
If the above Validation Rule for the column [ENG] is set as, [ ENG] <> 0
And you try to enter a value 0, then it is the violation of the rule. This property
allows you to give an appropriate text to the user and tell that the value should
not be equal to 0.
(1 Mark each for explanation of VALDATION TEXT and
VALIDATION RULE)
OR
(1 Mark for each for correct exrm1ple of VALDATION TEXT and
VALIDATION RULE)
(g) Name two data types in which the field property ALLOW ZERO LENGTH
is available in MS ACCESS 2
Ans: Text, Memo field
Hyperlink field
(1 Mark for each correct data type)
Q2. (a) What is a Home Page? Explain briefly. 1
Ans: The first webpage of any website is called its home page. The Home Page
gives an idea of the sites contents.
(1 Mark for the correct explanation of the home page)
(b) abc@mnc.co.in represents an ___________ . 1
Ans: email address
292
OR
Email lD.
(1 Mark for any correct answer)
(c) Give one advantage of Electronic Mail over ordinary mailing method 1
Ans: Electronic Mail is advantageous over ordinary mailing method as it is very
fast and reliable.
(1 Mark for valid advantage)
(d) What is a Web Server and how is it related to a Web Page? 1
Ans: Web Server is a computer on the World Wide Web, which stores and
manages web-based applications (like HTML documents) that can be
retrieved via a Web browser like Internet Explorer, Netcape Navigator etc.
The Web server stores the Web site on its hard disk and transfers Web pages
and information over the Internet as they are requested using on0 or more
protocols, such as HTTP, FTP, and so on.
( Mark for each correct explanation of Web Server and Web page)
(e) Name one Internet Service Provider in India. 1
Ans: BSNL
OR
MTNL
OR
VSNL
OR
SIFY
OR
AIRTEL
OR
TATA INDICOM
OR
RELIANCE
(1 Mark for naming any correct ISP)
293
(f) What is the function of FTP? 1
Ans: FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol. FTP is a way to login to another Internet
site for the purposes of retrieving and/or sending files. FTP is an application
protocol that uses the Internets TCP/IP protocols. FTP is a file transfer between
locations that does not require users to identify themselves with a password
or log-in. FTP is commonly used to transfer files to a webserver for websites
or to download files from the web to install.
(1 Mark for correct explanation of FTP)
OR
( Mark if only full form of FTP is given)
(i) HTTP
(ii) URL
Ans: HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol
URL: Universal/ Uniform Resource Locator
(1 Mark for each of the correct full form)
(h) Mr. Lal owns a factory which manufactures automobile spare parts. Suggest
him the advantages of having a web page for his factory. 2
Ans: Mr. Lal can increase his profits/sales by having a web page for his factory as
it wil benefit him in the following
Marketing his products
Giving full detRils of all the products
Fast communication with the clients
(2 Marks for any valid advantage)
Q3. (a) Give an example of a Empty element in HTML. 1
Ans: <IMG> tag
OR
<HR> tag
OR
294
Any other correct example of an Empty Tag
(1 Mark if any empty element example is given)
(b) What is the function of <HTML> tag? 1
Ans: HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. The <HTML> tag Marks
the beginning and the end of the HTML code as it is a container element. The
<HTML> tag is said to have two distinct parts.- <HEAD> and <BODY>..
(1 Mark for writing correct function)
OR
( Mark if only full form is given)
(c) Explain ALINK attribute used in HTML. 1
Ans: The ALINK attribute stands for ACTIVE LINK. It is used to give the colour
to the currently active/selected hypertext/linking word.
For Example:
<BODY ALlNK=Yellow> ............ </BODY>
(1 Mark for writing correct explanation)
OR
(1 Mark for writing correct example)
OR
( Mark if only full form is given)
(d) Give the function of Home Button on the Tool Bar of the browser window. 1
Ans. The Home Button on the Tool bar of the browser window takes us to the
web page which has been set as the home page of the your browser.
(1 Mark for writing correct function)
<HR SIZE = 5 ALIGN = RIGHT WIDTH = 60>
Ans: HR stands for Horizontal Rule and is responsible to draw a hocizontal
line across the web page
Size = 5 draws a 5 pixel thick line across the webpage.
295
Align = Right aligns the horizontal rule towards the right margin of the
web page.
Width = 60 covers 60% of the total webpage width
( Mark for each of the above 4 interpretations)
(i) ................. 
(ii) < OL TYPE = 10 >
Ans: (i) ............. stands for Bold tag. The <8> tag displays the
contents/text in thicker font. For example:
 My School will have the effect as My School
(ii) <OL TYPE=10> OL stands for Ordered List. This will display the
Numeric Ordered List with sequential numbering. For example:
<OL TYPE=10>
<LI> Maths
<LI>Science
</OL>
Will give the output as
1. Maths
2. Science
(1 Mark for correct explanation of (i))
(1 Mark for correct explanation of ii) assuming TYPE as START
OR TYPE as 1)
(g) What is the output of the following segment of the HTML code? 2
<BODY>
FRUITS
<HR WIDTH = 50%>
<LI> MANGO
<LI> APPLE
296
<LI> GRAPES
</UL>
</BODY>
Ans: Output:
FRUITS
MANGO
APPLE
GRAPES
( 1/2 Mark for the heading as FRUITS)
(1/2 Mark for the horizontal rule and its center placement)
(1 Mark for the unordered list)
OR
(2 Marks for writing missing <UL>)
<A HREF http://WWW.INDIA.COM>Connect to India</A>
Ans: <A> tag stands for anchor tag which is used with HREF(Hyper reference)
attribute to create hyperlinks. The code <A HREF= http://
WWW.INDIA.COM>Connect to India</A> will create a hyperlink to the
website http://WWW.INDIA.COM. The user can click on the hyperlink
Connect to India to open the homepage of the above given site.
(1 Mark for the explanation of the function of <A HREF> )
(1 Mark for the explanation of the hyperlink)
OR
(2 Marks for writing missing = with HREF)
The details are given below 8
297
1. Title is Learning English.
2. Text Colour is darkblue and Visited Link Colour is red.
3. Size of the text is 7 and the first text-line is Centre-Aligned
4. The Image in button shape with text Best Site on WEB for Teachers is Right
Aligned. Its Filename is button.gif. The Image Height is 175 pixels and Width
is 300 pixels.
5. The Image is also a Hyperlink and the linked file is teach.html -
6. There are four Horizontal Lines in the Web Page. The details about them are:
a. Line Colour is black
b. Line Thickness is 5 pixels
c. Lines are not shaded.
d. Width of last line is 50%.
7. Unordered List of type disc has been used to list the three items.
298
1. Improve your English improve.html
2. Prepare for TOEFL toefl.html
3: Prepare for CBSE Boards boards.html
Ans. <HTML><HEAD>
(1) <TITLE> Learning English</TITLE>
</HEAD>
(2) <BODY TEXT=DARKBLUE VLINK=RED>
(3) 
(3) <CENTER>Learning English Online</CENTER>
(6) <HR COLOR=BLACK SIZE=5 NOSHADE>
(6) <HR COLOR=BLACK S I ZE=5 NOSHADE>
(4),(5) <A HREF=teach.html><IMG SRC= button. gif ali..gn = right></A>
(7) <UL TYPE=DISC>
(7),(8) <LI> <A HREF=improve. html>Improve your English</A>
(7),(8 ) <LI><A HREF=toef1. html>Prepare for TOEFL</A>
(7),(8) <LI><A HREF=boards. html>Prepare for CBSE Boards</A>
(7) </UL>
(6) <HR COLOR=BLACK SIZE=5 WIDTH=50% NOSHADE>

</BODY>
</HTML>
(1 Mark for correct (1 ))
( Mark for each correct attribute (2))
( Mark for each correct tag (3))
299
( Mark for each correct attribute of IMG tag (4))
(1 Mark for A tag with correct HREF (5))
(Mark for HR COLOR = BLACK SIZE =10 in any of HR tag (6)
(Mark for NOSHADE in any of HR tag (6))
( Mark for opening and closing UL in (7)
( Mark for TYPE = DISC in (7))
( Mark each for any two correct link in (8))
( Mark for writing <LI> in (7))
Q1. (a) Expand the term DBMS.
Ans: Database Management System
(Full 1 Mark for correct answer)
(b) What is a Primary Key in DataBase? Give an example
Ans: A field or set of fields that uniquely identify a record in a table is called a
Primary key. A Primary key will not contain any duplicate or null value in it
For example, Admno field can be made as a Primary Key because no two
students can have same admission number and there is no student in a school
without any admission number.
ADMNO
1000
2000
(Full 1 Mark for explanation and example)
OR
( Mark if only explanation is given)
OR
( Mark if only example is given)
(Full 1 Mark for correct difference)
300
(c) What is the value for fieldsize properly of a TEXT datatype MS-ACCESS?
Ans: The field size property tells the maximum size of the data that will be stored in
the given field. The field size property of a Text datatype in MS-Access is
255.
(Full 1 Mark if only value is given as answer)
OR
( Mark if only explanation of field size property is given)
ACCESS.
Ans: Text type fields accepts characters and numbers, which do not require
calculation, and maximum length is 255 characters
Memo type fields also accepts characters and numbers, but are used when
you require to enter a large amount of data or number, which do not require
calculation. and the maximum length is 65,535 characters
(Full 1 Mark for correct difference)
OR
( Mark if either of the two data type fields are defined)
assigned by default?
Ans: The Caption property is used to give name to the field at the time of entering
the data in the table. If you dont specify a caption for a table field, then the
original field name will be used as the caption.
For example:
If Caption for the ADM NO field is Stud_ID, then at the time of entering the
records, you will see.
Stud_ID
1000
2000
(1 Mark for explanation, with / without supporting example)
(1 Mark for default caption)
301
OR
( Mark if only a valid example is given)
(f) Write the steps to insert a Field in the field list in MS-ACCESS 2
Ans: Go to datasheet View
Click on the field name heading
Rename the field
Start entering the data value under a given field
(The datatype will automatically be assigned to the given field as per the values entered by the
user.)
OR
Go to Design View
Assign a field name
Associate an appropriate datatype
Save the Table
(Full 2 Marks for writing correct steps)
OR
( Mark for each of the steps in either of the ways)
(g) Write down the steps to set a default value (NOT POSSIBLE) for a TEXT
type field in MS-ACCESS. 2
Ans: Create the required field in the design view.
Associate the Text datatype with the field.
Choose the Default property
Give the value as NOT POSSIBLE
(Full 2 Marks for writing correct steps)
OR
( Mark for each of the steps)
Q2. (a) What is a Web Browser? Explain briefly. 1
Ans: A Web Browser is a software application that enables a user to display and
interact with HTMLdocuments (in the form of Web Page or Web Site) hosted
302
by web servers. Some of the most commonly used Web Browsers are
Microsoft Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, Safari, Netscape
Navigator and Mosaic.
(1 Mark for correct explanation)
OR
(Mark if only example is given)
(b) www.myschool.org represents a web ____________ .
Ans: Address
OR
Site
OR
URL
(1 Mark if any of the above is given)
(c) Explain the term Downloading from Internet.
Ans: Downloading from internet means to copy a file from the host system to the
users computer.
(d) Explain briefly-Video-Conferencing.
Ans: The term Video Conferencing applies to a wide range of situation from live
video-lecturing to large audiences, to a point-to-point, individual-to-Individual
desktop PCs. It usually allows for broadcast from a central point to many
different locations regardless of distance. Video conferencing is an extremely
useful method of communication because. it saves people the time and expense
of travel and can often accomplish many of the things that a physical meeting
does.
(e) Mention two advantages of Electronic Mail.
Ans: Advantages of Email
Low cost
High speed
303
Reduction of waste or paper clutter
Ease of use
Record maintenance as all messages are files
(1/2 Mark each for any two of the above advantages)
(f) Explain briefly Chat in computer terms.
Ans: Chat or E-Chat (Electronic Chat) refers to the conversation of people on
the Internet.
(g) Give the full form of the following terms:
(i) WWW
(ii) FTP
Ans: WWW: World Wide Web
FTP: File Transfer Protocol
(1 Mark for each correct full form)
(h) Differentiate between Web Pages and Web Sites. 2
Ans: A Web Page, which is a part of Web Site, contains text and specifications
about where Images or other files are to be placed, when the page is displayed
by a browser. A webpage (also spelled - Web page) has its own Web address.
A web page is saved with the file extension .htm or .html.
A Website is a collection of web pages and other ;information (such as images,
sound, and video files, etc.), which is able to display a wide variety of content
such as text, graphics, images, multimedia, sounds, animation and much more,
linked together either on a single or multiple topics.
(1 Mark each for each of the definitions)
Q3. (a) Give one difference between Empty and Container elements in HTML. 1
Ans: Empty elements: The HTML elements which do not require an end tag to
define themselves are called Empty elements eg: <IMG>, <HR>
Container Elements: The HTML elements which require both start as well as
end tag to define them are called Container elements. Eg: .....,
<Head>.....</Head> .
(1/2 Mark for each correct definitions)
304
(b) What is the function of <BODY> tag?
Ans: The <Body> tag is a container element which is used to display the contents
of the web page. Its attributes are Text, Bgcolor, Background, Link, Vlink,
ALink etc.
<Body Text=red bgcolor=yellow>
All the Best
</Body>
(Full Mark for correct function)
OR
(1/2 Mark for only writing the example)
(c) Explain LINK attribute used in HTML.
Ans: The LINK attribute is used to give the colour to the hypertext/linking word.
For Example:
<BODY LINK=Yellow>....... . </BODY>
(1 Mark for correct explanation with / without example)
OR
(1/2 Mark if only example is given)
(d) Give the function of STOP Button on the Tool Bar of the browser window.
Ans: The STOP button stops the current uploading/downloading process from the
web server.
(e) Explain the following statement
< BODY BGCOLOR = YELLOW TEXT = RED VLINK = BLUE>
Ans: The above statement displays the contents of the webpage with
background color as yellow
text color as red
visited link colors as blue
( Mark for each of the interpretations)
305
(i) ..........., 
(ii) ..........., 
Ans: (i) stands for Bola tag. The tag displays the
contents/text in thicker font For example
 My School will have the effect as My School
(ii) stands for Italics Tag. The <I. tag displays the
contents/text in oblique font. For example
 My School will have the effect as My School
(1/2 Mark for each of the explanations)
(1/2 Mark for each oJ the examples)
(g) Give example for the following:
(i) <OL>
(ii) FONT tag
(iii) <TITLE>
(iv) HREF attribute
Ans: (i) <OL>
<OL start=3" type=I>
<LI>Introduction
<LI>Windows
<LI>HTML
</OL>
Output:
III Introduction
IV Windows
V HTML
Font tag

306
MY FIRST WEBPAGE

Output:
MY FIRST WEB PAGE
<Title> tag
<Head><Title> My first Webpage</Title></Head>
Output:
MY FIRST WEBPAGE (will be displayed on the Title bar of the
Browser window.)
( Mark for each correct example)
OR
( Mark for each correct explanation)
(h) What does the following code do?
<IMG SRC = PICTURE.GIF ALT = Your Photo>
Ans: The above given code displays an image with file name as PICTURE.GIF on
the left side of the webpage with its default height and width. If the above
image file is unavailable then the alternative text message Your Photo will be
displayed.
(1 Mark for explanation of each of the SRC and ALT attributes)
Q4 Write the HTML code for the following Web Page as seen on the Internet Explorer.
The details are given below.
307
1. Title is Delhi Book Store.
2. Text Colour is dark-blue and Visited Link Colour is maroon
3. Biggest Heading Tag is used for the sub-title Indias largest Book Store
which Centre-Aligned.
4. Size of rest of the text is 7 and the title Delhi Book Store is Underlined.
5. The logo appearing in the top-left corner is an Image with Filename as logo.ipg.
Image Height is 70 pixels and Width is also 70 pixels.
6. There are two Horizontal Lines in the Web Page. Their Colour is black and
Thickness is 10 pixels. They are not shaded.
7. Ordered List using Roman Numerals has been used to list the three items
1. Arts art. html
2. Medical med.html
3. Engineering eng.html
Ans. <HTML>
(1) <HEAD><TITLE>DELHI BOOK STORE</TITLE></HEAD>
(2) <BODY TEXT=DAFU{BLUE VLINK=MAROON>
(5) <IMG SRG=LOC~.JPG HEIGHT=70 WIDTH=70>
(4) Delhi Book Store
(6) <HR COLOR = BLACK SIZE=10 NOSHADE>
(3) <CENTER><Hl>India s largest Book Store</Hl></CENTER>
Books by Subject:
(7) <OL TYPE=i START=l>
(8) <LI><A HREF=art. html>Arts</A>
(8) <LI><A HREF=med.html>Medical</A>
308
(8) <LI><A HREF=eng.html>Engineering</A>
</OL>

</BODY>
</HTML>
OR
Any other equivalent code that gives similar output
(1 Mark for correct (1 ))
( Mark for each correct attribute for (2))
( Mark for each correct tag for (3))
( Mark for each correct tag for (4))
( Mark for IMG SRC and Mark for either of HEIGHT =70 / WIDTH
=70 for (5))
( Mark for HR COLOR = BLACK SIZE = 10 in any of (6))
( Mark for NOSHADE in any of (6))
( Mark for opening and closing OL in (7))
( Mark for TYPE = i in (7))
( Mark each for any two correct link in (8))
( Mark for writing <LI>)
309
n rjs (nr tttttits j
i=tt its nv s tt- it+s + ee
funs Z 'kk% %
. i=== + .=+| =+| r|| =i--+
z. + i-r|= =-||i| + |= + :-||=|= =-|+ i=-=|=| n r|=|=|i=+
s. + = = r|= i|j= =-||i| )=i=== =||= == | n r|=|=|i=+
1. + .=+| =-||i| = n r|=|=|i=+
s. + .== r=| + .=+||= =|= +.== + n r|=|=|+
c. =+ || + .=|=|= =-||i| = == - = n r|=|=|i=+
-= t n rvt 52/1
. + s |
i:st -t-+xt t= (i:s - +xt t= j
. || inir|-= = o :zv +i+| + :-|+ .=|= =-|--
(j t = o :
==|= -||-== = =j|- + -|=-+ ||=| = =j|- |=-+ ==|== = =||=
+ -|=|=r||= =|--+ =|| :|+= + =|.|== + -|== |=-+ == ===== + -|=
=-=- + =+|=-|=r ==||== + -|== + ==|= = |+||=;|| |+ = =||=
|=r||= =+|j-||=+ ==|= |= +-|| == |=-, |= |= +.| |= r |= |= + +
= ==n= +
==|= -||-=|-| =|- + -|== |=-+ ==|== = = |= |=| |:+=| |+
=|--+ ==||=| )- |:+=|+
+ .=|
I. )=+: = =-|-+ 2 = 1
(i) :|+= === + -|== |=-
(ii) ==|= |= + + |==
310
II + | +|+= = =-|-+ 12 = 2
(i) -||-|== =j|- =|: .|| |=-
(ii) -||-=|-| ===| + -|== |=-
III. =|||=: .|= =-|-+ 4 = 2
(i) ==||=| |:+=| :|- +:=| |+.| ||+: |==
(ii) =r |= :|- | = = : |= +: + = +-=
(iii) == ==== + -|= =-=- + :|- +|+= |==|+: |==
(iv) -|=|== :|- +:== |= |+n| =+:= | + = +-=
(rtj izstv = o :
)= = -: |+.||n = =++== + -|=== = -: =++= =n|=|= = = + -||
|== + )=:| )= =-= = |--| -| |=+| =++== |==- + = -|+
= -| |-|- |=|- + =++= = : |-||n-| +.=|-+ -==| n-|=|= = =||= : |-||=n||=
|== + =||=|=- +++||= : |-||=n||= |== =||=|=- = +++||=+ -||=
: = +| = =-= = |=--=- -= - r= )-||= : |-||=n||= r|||:=||=+
: |-||=n||= + |-- = =+|-=+| = : - +-- : |-||=n||= + |-- = ==n =
-|+- + = + =-+ = =+-|- +-- + =-+ = ==n -|+- + = = |+-
-|+|-+ = : |-||=n||= : = +| =|=|- - )-||= : |-||=n||= -n||= =|--+
=-- = -- =+=||= ==|-+
-=t
I. )=+: = =-|-+ 12 = 2
(i) =-= = =++= |= +.=|-
(ii) |= =-= = : |-||=n||= + |-- ==n -|+-
II. + | +|+= = =-|-+ 22 = 4
(i) =n|=|= = = + -|| =| |==
(ii) : |-||=n||= + |-- =-= = |= =| |-
311
III. =|||=: .|= =-|-+ 4 = 2
(i) |+.||n= =++== :|- +:=| |+.| =+: |==
(ii) =|= -=|= :|- ==+:== |= |++|--==+:= | + = +=
(iii) = = |+- -|+|-+ :|- +|+= =- +: |== |=-
(iv) +.=|- :|- | |=== = = : |= +: + = +-=
IV. == = = :== = - )== =+= + .||| = |nr|-+ 21=2
rts rt' ze t
t=t-++tv
:. '|.. | .. | ' ''.+ .. |. + ... | .| |
(i) ----------------
(ii) ---------------
(iii) ---------------
=-= =- -|+-| -| = .||n=| :|-+ | = r =+ (iv) ------------------- =|--+ -+
===| +| =+ :| (v) --------------+ -+ -| |-| |= |==-== =||= -||= =+|=- =-+
= |= ==--|r |=|==|-+ -|+=| (vi) -------------------- =:| -||+=|- -|+-|
= r =:| |=|==|- === - =-== =n|- :|- (vii) ----------------------
::|=|= (viii) ---------------------- =|= |=- =+ -= == .| -|=|==|+ -=- =+
= .|n= + (ix) ---------------------- |nr|- +
-|+:|= (x) ---------------,
+ =|.|=-: +
*tt
=+|=== , |==-, = .||n=, |+.+|=|=, |+-|, |+ =+ ||, ==|-, = |=|+=|.|,
.|-|||.||, +|= +
s. n +t:n rt= 15 = 5
|| |n|r|- = +|: == ||+ :-|+:=r|=-=| + |=+| + = |nr|-
= =| - =r| := ====|+
312
.|||n=| - ====|+ = =+|=-= + |==- + =+|+.|- + |== :=|-
= =| - (1) -------------------------------------------------
.|||n=| - )+ = +:- + |==|+ +.= =+|=||== +
= =| - == :=| = |=-+
.|||n=| - (2) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
= =| - =|: )+ -|r )= = +=n ==- +
.|||n=| - = = r|-| |==+ (3) ------------------------------------------------------
= =| - -|++= --= =-= ==|=|+| +||=+
.|||n=| - (= +=n= |=|= = =||= ==|-) r||:- + =|= |=-
= =| - (4) -------------------------------------------------------
.|||n=| - =+|==+| = = +=n + |-|:= r|||:-== :|- =- +
= =| - r + |-|:== )= = +=n= +.== r||:||=+
.|||n=| - |=|=- ||== :=|-
.|.|| - (=+|j=) =r =+||:== + = = |=|= -= +
= =| - (5) --------------------------------------------+ | =| ==||=+ ====|+
.|||n=| - ====| |=, ==- -|+|= +=: .| =|=+
*tt
. =+| = +=n= |==||=+
:. -|+ =| = +
s. =|r, +=| --= +
1. r |==|+ = :=||=+
:. : - ==|=-| -|+|= |=|=-| = r|-== ++
313
1. it+t = 25 = 10
|| :-||=|== +| = == ||=| + :-|+:|=| =r|=-=| +== = =j-+|+= | ==- -
*tt
|=|= , |=| , |=-, =|--, = -:= , r||, .|.|=, ==+, + -||, +|-||,
-|= , ++|||,=|=|, ++ -|, = =, =-: , |=|.| , ++ -|==|n==, ::= , +|:+|,
+.=|-+
t+t
+ +n nt:t -v 25 = 10
== ||=| + :-|+:|=| =|r|= = |=-=|n|r|-|+|== ||j= +== =j-+|+= | )==
= = : |nr|- -
ee jk"V e~ Hkkjro"kZ e~
*tt
+ |=|= , =r|= , : .|, |+.||n, =|- -| |=, + =|-||-|= , |=||=, |+|+|| -||||,
+ |+===| = =j|-, =-| , :|-|| , |+.||n |r=|n=, ==: , | =-+, |=|n+|,
) +== , =|--, |=-, -|+|-, +=|--, ==+|+
314
rts v se t
=v+svt+tt
:. || |n|r|-|+|+= | r|||* =-+: | =|-| =|-|= : +| j+| |nr|- 13 = 3
(i) |= + |=== +|+
(ii) =|-=| === |r- = =| |-
(iii) .+ == + = |=|n+| ||+-+
r. || |n|r|-+|+= | r|||-+: | ==|= |+= r +| |+||= |nr|- 14 = 4
(i) = =| +=== -| | = : -- +
(ii) =|--| =| | = n| -| = -|--| = | .|||--
(iii) :: =|=| + =-== |=-+
(iv) :.||== |-|=|=| |=| |=|- +
:. || |n|r|-+|+= | =| =|--= -|=| +:|=| + j|--+ ==| =| =|=+| |nr|- 15 = 5
(i) + =-=|n= + =-== == = -------------------- + (+ + -=- )
(ii) .||| -------------------- .+ | =| .|= -.|= ||+|-+ (||+ + .|- )
(iii) -------------------- == = |= =- = ==| (.||+ + =- + )
(iv) -------------------- )+ =+ | + ==|=|+ (=|=+ + -n )
(v) =| =+-||+ = -|+ -------------------- |=-+ (=n + =|+ )
s. || |n|r|-+|+= | |+=||=||= =|=--==+: == ||-+:-=r|=-=| + |=+| |nr|- 15 = 5
(i) -| +|- -------------------- =|==|--+
(ii) -------------------- + =|=|= -|| r =|- = ==| +
(iii) == -------------------- r=+
(iv) = -------------------- |+ |==- +
(v) = == | =||- -------------------- |==|
*tt
r =, =|, .+, =:|, =||+
315
+. || |n|r|-= +|: |+=||=||= +|=|==| + =- 13 = 3
= = || - = || | =| + |= =| ||
= || - = = | | =| - ==| |==|+ = |==- + + |= =| ||
= = || - ==| |+ |==|+ = (i) --------------- +-- )= + =-= +|- = :=||=+
= || - .|| -|== + + (ii) -------------------------- +|- = :=|=+ +- + ==||=+
= = || - +||= +-- + = | ==|=
= || - (iii) -------------------------------- -| =||= ==|= ==||=+
n r|| - .|| -|== + ==- +
+. || |n|r|- =|= == |=| =||= === = == -+: | |nr|- 14 = 4
fo|ky;s lhrlHkk;k% dk;Z e%
+ |- +.s+ +|:= =: ||=== +
+ |- +.1: +|:= =|= ==== +|==+
+ |- .: +|:= =|-+|:== +
=|=|n 1.++ +|:= ==|+== +
. || |n|r|-+|+= | |=| =||= = == --= r=|+|==-|+.| ||||= + == =-|||| |nr|- 4 = 2
(i) += : |=r| |--| -| =-+
(ii) == +||==|=|= |+.||n: |-||n-| |=-+
(iii) == |+=|n= r+ |.|-|=| |.||-|=| = =|--+
(iv) |=== -|+= : ==| +=|--+
:. || |n|r|-+|+=||= = .|| = |nr|- 14 = 4
(i) -| ; =||n= +|--+
(ii) - =||n=| | |==|--+
(iii) r= |+ |nr||=+
(iv) = r = =|==|-+
316
rts tt ss t
i:s-+xtt=
s. || |n|r|- ==| .| , +=| .| , =|= =| .| = +|+| + :-|+ .=|=|= =-|||| |nr|-
(j vt -t
| + + |=| : == |= + =-||=== |=|==+ -||-- +| =:||=- ==|| -==
)+ = r =| =| | =|-|-r|====| == |+n| === |=|-+ -|==-= + =|n =--| ||-
+ =-=-||= =--| |--|=-| =++=| =-=| = =+|= r| |+|=| =+-=| ==|
: =+ ==|= -| | .+|-== n = +| + |- =n.| |+=- :|-+ -= +|
+: = =|=+| =| -=+ :=- - =|| |+= ==|: n| -||- +
-=t
I. )=+: = =-|-+ 2 = 1
(i) : == |= === |=|==+ -||-- +| -== = r ==|-
(ii) .+|-== n =|: .| =n.| |=|- +
II. + | +|+= = =-|-+ 21 = 2
(i) +: = =|=+-| + =-||=== +=| |= -=+ :=-
III. =|||=: .|= =-|-+ 4 = 2
(i) |+|=| =+-= :|- +:=| |+.| ||+: |==
(ii) = +| + |- =n.| |+=- :|- +|+=| .| |==|+: |==
(iii) -= || |= :|- | |=== = = : |= +: + = +=
(iv) =| -=+ :=- :|- +|+= =- +: |==
(tj t -t
= -|| .||-n=|nn = =-:==| = .||-n| =|=|+
+ r n|:=|- = +=| , =|| =|-|||||| +|||++
-=t
I. )=+: = =-|-+ 2 = 1
(i) .||-n=|nn = -|| = + r n|:=|-
(ii) =|: .|| =|=| == = + = = =| |-
317
II. + | +|+= = =-|-+ 21 = 2
=|-|||||| +||| |= =| |-
III. =|||=: .| =-|-+ 4 = 2
(i) .||-n| =|=| :|- +:=| |+.| ||+: |==
(ii) + = =| |- :|- | .n| = |= +: + = +=
(iii) |=== .n| = + r n|:=|- :|- |==|+:== =- +: |==
(iv) =|=n= :|- +:== |= |++|-+:= .n| = + = +=
(rj =t- vt -t
== - (+ |+.= =|= =r|== ) == === + r= + |= +-||+ =| = =|=||- -+
=|=|+=||= =| = | +| +|=|= =|=|= =n = ||= r =, = -=| -|-|=|=+
||= +|= +=||=- r|n =+ +|-|= n +=|+
=|=- =+ -|-|= =- =|- -=- |== + =|=||=
== - =-| =-|= + == = = - + j- |||=| +.= =|=+- n=|-: =|.|| |-|-|=|
== |+=|=|= + + =| -:= = + == = =|+ +| =| |=n |+ n=- +
== |.||= |== = =|=+ |.|r|| =||+=-| |+|||| )+ r +|-||=
j-+
iz 'uk%
I. )=+: = =-|-+ 2 = 1
(i) r= + |= +-||- :|- = =|=|-
(ii) == == = = ===| |||=| =-=-
II. + | +|+= = =-|-+ 12 = 2
== == = =|+ +| = n=-
III. =|||=: .|= =-|-+ 4 = 2
(i) + + =| -:= = :|- +:=| |+.| ||+: |==
(ii) =| = =|=||- -+ =|=|+=||= :|- +|+= |==|+: |==
(iii) r +|-||= j-+ :|- +|+= r =+ =|=+: === + = +=
(iv) : .+ | :=| |=== =|= =| .| |= +: + =+=
318
1. || |n|r|--+=zv== -||+|| = =+= +-+: + |=+| + = |nr|- 3+3 = 6
(=) = :==|== = + -| -||= = r|||= =+
= = =| :|r- == = + -= =:||+ =++
-tt+tt
= == = =+==||= = =||= = (i)--------------------------------- :=|-
- = (ii) ----------------------- =:||+ |r-= (iii)----------------------- = =||== +
(r|) === +.| + |||=| ==|+ =-|||||| |+=|-==+
++ =||-== -=|= +|| : =|: =n|-||: = ++
-tt+tt
|=== n| = = ==+|:| |+ =+|:| = |=- (i) ---------------------------- -==
)+ (ii) ------------------- -|+|--+ == = | n|-|= =||=+| -=|=+ | =|= )+
(iii) ------------------+
:. || |n|r|-+=zv== -+==| |+=||=||= + =- 1+1 = 3
(=) |=|=+| |r |++ =--||=-- |+=-|| +
= |r- +|+== = = |++|-| += |+=++
-+v
= (i)--------------------------- +|+== == = (ii)--------------------------- (- )
|+=-|| |=|=+| |r (iii) -------------- =--||=-- +
(r|) +=|+: =- =||+ = + -|- +=| | +
::== + =| +-= =|= | | |+.| |-++
-+v
(i) -------------- +=-|+: =- = |+ +=| | ::= = |+.| |- (ii)--------------
= )+ (iii)----------------+
r. r|||* =-+:||= || = + .=|==| | ==-+ 1x4 = 4
(i) =||=n+ : .|== |=||=| : =|=== |=-+
(ii) = += | =-+ -|+|--+
319
(iii) =| ||- -|+|- = =| r+
(iv) |=| -|= =+|=+
:. || |n|r|-||= +|+=||= |==|==|= =| |nr|-+ x8 = 4
(i) |+|=|| r|n : +=|-+ |+|| : == |= :=+|= +
(ii) ; |=| =+| = |= + |-- = |=|--= ==-|= +
(iii) = j||-| | rn=|= j+| = | + -| - |== |= -+|= +
(iv) :==|= .+|= n r||=+| =+| =n.| + |--+|= +
(v) :==|= :: +| .||| -- -| | ==|-+
(vi) =|= )==| |===| == +=|-|++ = + =-||= =+= r + |-|=+ -|+
(vii) :: n|+| : == |= =| =| | -== = r= ==- +
(viii) -| = || |- r| |+|=| =+-= ==| : =+ ==|= -| | .+|-== n
= +| + |- =n.| |+=- :|-+
s. |=-=|n|r|-+|+= | r|||-+:|=|= =|=-= | |=+| |nr|-
(=) =|| = = -|=|+ +:= :=- = =++
(i) +|=|-|
(ii) .|= |= +=
(iii) =| +=- +
(r|) =| = r|:| =||=== ||+
(i) -= -= = r|:|==
(ii) = r| = +===
(iii) ===|=| |=|-|+
(=) r| | |- r| =-+= r| =-+|r- ||-|+
(i) |=-+=
(ii) = n--+=
(iii) =|r== +
320
-= t n rvt 52
. + s |
i:st -t-+xt t= (i:s - +xt t= j
. || inir|-= = o :zv +i+| + :-|+ .=|= = == - = =-|--
(j t = o :
==|=| n|=|=| +| --| ==--|= n|=--| +| ==-+ n|=--| ==|=|
==||= )+ .||==== + = r| =|= =-=- + | + = = ==== )+ =r-+ + = r|= +
-|||| n r|= = | + | =+|--== -|+|-+ =+r| = == :| || |+ : .=-- +
)- || :| |||| : |=|= |=+|= = + )-:| =+ -= |.|-|| |=+|=| + |.|-|| |+=|
n| =--| = |-|- = -|+|-+
+ .=|
I. )=+: = =-|-+ 2 = 1
(i) n| =--| = || ==|| .||==== + =r| =|= -|+|-
(ii) n| =--| :| ||= : |=- |== |=+|= = |=-
II + | +|+= = =-|-+ 12 = 2
(i) n| =--| === =r-+ + = r|=
(ii) =| |+=| n| =--| =|-|- = -|+|-
III. =|||=: .|= =-|-+ 4 = 2
(i) + =r| =|= = :|- +:=| |+.| ||+: |==
(ii) ==|=| .||== ==--| ==- :|- +|+= |==|+: |==
(iii) ==--|= :|- +:== |= +=| =+:= | + = +=
(iv) = ||=|= :|- +:== |= |+n| =+:= |=== = = : + = +=
(rtj izstv = o :
=||+= ==|: .|== = +== =-|| |=|- + = )=|=== === +=|- ==+ )=:|
|=| :|: -= :|- =||+=|= =-=n|= ==- + =||+=== === ==|: =|r
|=|- + = == =| | =-=n|= =| |=- =||+=== ==== |=== + .||-=|n
|=|- +-- =||+= =-=n |+=| )+ -| =| = -- |=|- + ==|+ = = =-=n|
|== + =| | |.== =|=-| -|+= + - |=--== -- | - = = =-=n|
321
=|-- +-- )| =-=n |+=| )+ |=: | =| |-+ - =||+= + =| ||-+--
+ == = -- | - = = =-=n| =|--, .| == |+ |=- -|||+ + -| =|
)+ =-=n |+=| |==| .|== =| ||+ =||+= +:- -- )- =-=n|
:|: -= :|-=| :|- |n |n| |=-+ )- == j- = =|--+ :: +| =| |
|+ ===| -|+= + -= || : === =+=| = |= :|- =||+=== =-: .|+
-=t
I. )=+: = =-|-+ 12 = 2
(i) |=| =||+=|= |== ==-
(ii) =| | |== -|+=
II. + | +|+= = =-|-+ 22 = 4
(i) =||+= === =-|| |=|-
(ii) =||+= =-=n |+=| = | = -- |=|-
III. =|||=: .|= =-|-+ 4 = 2
(i) = = =-=n| :|- +:=| |+.| =+: |== |=-
(ii) |=== = = : -- :|- ==== |= |+n| =-==+: + = +=
(iii) |=== :|- | | |= +: + = +=
(iv) =| | |.== =|=-| -|+= :|- +|+= =- +: |==
IV. == = = :== = - )== =+= + .||| = = == - = |nr|-+ 2
rts rt' ze t
t=t-++tv
:. - | ' ''.+ '--|. + ... | .| |
(i) ----------------
(ii) ---------------
(iii) ---------------
| =+ = .|n= |=-+ = r |+ =+ (iv) ------------------- :|- =|- +| |
n|-= + -|+|= =+=|=| || (v) -------------- =| |- :|- n|+| + = |==+ -|+|=
322
=+ =|-= |+ += (vi) -------------------- :|- n|-= + r| == |+|=+ =|- -
= .||==== +=| =+ ||=|||== (vii) ---------------------- =| - + ==| ::= |+
(viii) ---------------------- =- -|+|= = | |=- (ix) ---------------------- =||-==
= -|+|-+ |=--| =| =| - , r= |= = =--|r = r= |=|==||=+ -|+-- +||=+|
=||-= : |=|=||=+
=|-||+- -=| | + ||=|+ ==|= .|-|||.||+
-|+- --------------- (x),
= ==+
*tt
=.||n=, .|-|||.||, =|||+|=-, ==, |+|=|, |+= ==, :-||=-|=,
|=-, n|-= , -=|== +
s. n +t:n rt= 15 = 5
|| |n|r|- = +|: == ||+ :-|+:=r|=-=| + |=+| + = |nr|-
.|.|| - =|- =r |+n-= =|-+ |== -|+-
=|-| - |= + +=|.|=|||- =|== .||| = + |--= +
.|.|| - -|+-| |--| + -|=- + (i) -------------------------------------------------
=|-| - ==- + |=|=- .||-n =n ==- +
.|.|| - =+|=| - + |=|=- =| |=-==-=n ==||=+
=|-| - (ii) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
.|.|| - -|+-| - (iii) ---------------------------------------------------------------
=|-| - |= + =|=||= =| |==| =-
.|.|| - = =|=||= +-- (iv) -------------------------------------------------------
=|-| - .|| -|== + |=|: .|||=+ =| - +
.|.|| - |=|= -= + =+|=| - + =|= |=-
=|-| - =r =+||:== + -||=-= |+ ==- +
323
-||==| - (=+|j=) =r =+||:== + = = |=|= -= +
.|.|| - ==|+
-||==| - (v) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
.|.|| - === =|=||=+ ==| )+ |=|= -= + =|- + =- +
=|-| - === + = = )+ |=|= -= +
*tt
. | =| =+ |=|=- =|n+.=|- =+== + |==| |=+
:. r -|+-| |= -|+|= =|=||-+
s. |= .||-n =n == ==
1. =: + |==| |-+ = r |==| |=+
:. -|+-| |=|: .|- +
1. it+t = 25 = 10
+== = == -+|+= | == ||+:=r|=-=| || |n|r|- |=|+| = ==-
324
*tt
|=|= , + -||, =|n|, =|--, r =, ==, =|, +|-||, |=-, =++===, =|=|,
=| +, -|--, =| + , = =|--, + -| , |=-, =-:= , + -| , + =|, =n|-, -|-+
t+t
+ +n nt:t -v 25 = 10
== ||=| + :-|+:|=| =|r|= = |=-=|n|r|-|+|== ||j= +== =j-+|+= | )==
= = : |nr|-
|=| +=| |=
*tt
===|, ===|, =+r|.||n|, =:|=|, ===|=| , |=|, =:|=| |, =|--,
=|=, |= , =.|, ===, + |-=| |-, == , +|n=|=, === , =+= ,
=== |, =:=||+
rts v se t
=v+svt+tt
:. || |n|r|-|+|+= | r|||* =-+: | =|-| =|-|= : +| j+| |nr|- 13 = 3
(i) : .||-- -=| .|+ n| =| |=||--+
(ii) = =j-== +|= + ==== + |+== |.== ==== +
(iii) = =|n + -| =||==|-+
r. || |n|r|-+|+= | r|||* =-+: | ==|= |+= r +| |+||= |nr|- 14 = 4
(i) ==+ |+=|n=== -|+= )+ -||+=|-+
(ii) =|-||+-| =: + +-:=|=| +
(iii) - =||.||+ =|= = + |--+
(iv) =r |= =n||= =|=== = + -| | )+ |=-+
:. || |n|r|-+|+= | =| =|--= -|=| +:|=| + j|--+ ==| =| =|=+| += |nr|- 15 = 5
(i) =|= =: + +|= | -------------------- + (j + -=- )
(ii) .|= -.|= -------------------- =|n= |--| -| =|-+ (=n + .|- )
325
(iii) -------------------- == = =+ || |=-| r|-+ (= |= + =- + )
(iv) ==|=== -------------------- :.| =|== |=-+ (|+.||n + + )
(v) -------------------- .=|=| = |=|==|-+ (|=- + .|+ )
s. || |n|r|-+|+= | |+=||=||= == ||=| + :-|-==|=| =r|=-=| + =- 15 = 5
(i) - | -------------------- |=|==|--+
(ii) -|+|= | =| = r|- -------------------- =-- = :=|-+
(iii) =:| r +:||= -------------------- -|+|= |++
(iv) = -| -------------------- )= +|= |nr|- +
(v) +|= | -------------------- = | =|=== +
*tt
r =, -:|, |+=|, .+, =|r+
+. || |n|r|-= +|: |+=||=||= +|=|==| + |=+| |nr|- 13 = 3
n r|| - .=|= |= += | =| +| |nr||=
.=|=| - |= , ==| | =| )= +| |nr=- +
n r|| - |= + =|- + |- +| (i) -------------------------------------------------
.=|=| - |=, (ii) ------------------------------------------ =|- + |- +| |nr=- +
n r|| - .|| -|== + r= |+ )= +| |nr|||=+
.=|=| - + +| = + |- |nr||=
n r|| - r (iii) -------------------------------------------- |+- + |- |nr|||=+
+. || |n|r|-|=| ====||=|= * =|=| =||= = == -+: | ==== |nr|- 14 = 4
|+=|n= =|= =| =+== =|= ==
+ |- (i) .++ +|:= =: ||=== +
+ |- (ii) .: +|:= ==+== +|==+
+ |- (iii) .1: +|:= =|==|=| + :.| == +
=|=|n (iv) 1.s+ +|:= ==|+== +
326
. || |n|r|-+|+= | |=| =||= = == --= r=|+|==-|+.| ||+:||= + == =-|||| |nr|- 4 = 2
(i) =++= s == | = =|--+
(ii) == |+=|n= : |-||n-| |=-+
(iii) +||==|=| 1+ + -|| =|--+
(iv) =||-| | : =||n=| =||--+
:. || |n|r|-+|+=||= = .|| = += |nr|- 14 = 4
(i) = == =|n=| | +|-+
(ii) = =||n=| | = |=-+
(iii) = = = | ==|=
(iv) =| .+ -| ==-+
rts tt ss t
i:s-+xt t= (i:s +xt t=j
s. || |n|r|- ==| .| , +=| .| , =|= =| .| = +|+| + :-|+ .=|=|=-|||| |nr|-
(j vt -t
| )=:| -|=+|= =| ||=-+ =r =-=||= -+ ==n |.|+|=| |=| =-| ++ =
=|n|- )+ = =| += +|, |+==.||n .||=|+|- = |=|- + ====||== = -
=| + |+- + =| +|n=|- ==+ =|==-| :|=| |:=: = || + - = ==== ==---
|=-||-=== =| :|=.||n| =|=- + -| || =| == r -+|=- +==-=--
= +|| |:=||= -||=||= +=- |= + |-= =-- = -|+- + |n :|=.||n-|= |==
: .||-- -=| .|+ ==| - : .|= |=||-- ==+
-=t
I. )=+: = =-|-+ 2 = 1
(i) -|=+|= =| ||=-+ = || |=| =-| +
(ii) |n |= +| ==| - : .|= |=||-- ==
II. + | +|+= = =-|-+ 21 = 2
|=| === ==--- |=-||-=== =| :|=.||n| =|=-
327
III. =|||=: .|= =-|-+ 4 = 2
(i) -||=||= +=- |= :|- +:=| |+.| =+: |==
(ii) = =|=|- )+ |+==.||n |=|- + :|- +|+= |==|+: |== +
(iii) |==|-- :|- | |=== = = : |= |==|+: + = +=
(iv) ==| - : .|= |=||-- == :|- +|+= =- +: |==
(tj t -t
+ + =| .|+ =| .|| .= |+=- -+ -|||-+
==-| = |==|=||- -|==|=||- ===|- ++
-=t
I. )=+: = =-|-+ 2 = 1
(i) ==+=| =| .| =|: .| |=-
(ii) ==+=| =| .| =| +| -
II. + | +|+= = =-|-+ 21 = 2
-||=| =| .|== =|.| =| -|+|-
III. =|||=: .|= =-|-+ 4 = 2
(i) + + =| .| +:=| |+.| ||+: |==
(ii) ==- + |== |=||- :|- +|+= |==|+: |==
(iii) =* = r||- :|- | |=== .n| = |= +: + = +=
(iv) + |== :|- +:== |= |+n| =+:= | + = +=
(rj =t- vt -t
+= ==|||=||- (+|=|+=-|==-|== ==|+= |==) |+ ==|||+ |-|+-:=
-|+-|= |=== + : .| + + =|:||= =- -|+-- == -=== + : .|==
|+|= n|- = |- == =|+ )-:| =|n|=| :.| =|= + =-| |+
+- - +-- =-+ |- + .=| -|=|== = -|+-| |=n|=| .|=|=- =
:=||=+ + |= - r= )+ )= + .= + =||=+ == + : .|==
=|= =||=n =| =|-= = =|=-|= +
328
|r=| .| - r |=--=||= =- =| - = = == +=| =+ == + =|.|
=+ + |== := + : .| =+ .||-+ - =|== + : .| =||=n+
+= ==|||=||- .|| -|== + =|=-= =+= + |r=||: - =.|| |-|-| = =| :=-| |=
:== + - =||=n+ |=== + : .| +=|.|:||=| ==
+ +r|--+ |++ n| = | +==-+:|+ +=| |||=| - = | -
)++ ++||| ==|= ==|-| = ==|r+ =+| r||-=|+
.|=+=| +| = = +== == + : .|== = +n + j|- )+ = |+|+||
==| r| = + = - = =j|- |++
iz 'uk%
I. )=+: = =-|-+ 2 = 1
(i) =| === +=| =
(ii) =|== + : .| |= ==-
II. + | +|+= = =-|-+ 12 = 2
=||=n+ : .| =|- == + +r|--
III. =|||=: .|= =-|-+ 4 = 2
(i) -=== + : .|== :|- +:=| |+.| =+: |==
(ii) r= )+ )= + .= + =||= :|- +|+= =- +: |==
(iii) =|=-= =+= + :|- +|+=| .| |==|+: |==
(iv) = =|= = =- :|- | |=== =|= =| .| |= +: + = +=
1. || |n|r|-+=zv== -||+|| = =+=+-+: + |=+| += |nr|- 3+3 = 6
(i) =| .=| =n =|=, =| = r|:| =|| === ||+
=+ ===|+=|.| =| :-| =+ || =|=|++
-tt+tt
|-|=|= = == === =|.| -|+|- (i)-------------------- == =|= = r| ==|-+
(ii) ----------------------- )+ =+ || ===|=| |+=|.| (iii)----------------------- -|+|-+
329
(ii) = .|= =r|=|r| ==| :|= = r =n= +
-=|= = - =| -- =, + |= | = = n- ++
-tt+tt
r = = |=|.=-=+ | (i) ------------------- ==n= |=-+ == |== r : =
+-- + = + = (ii)------------------- )+= (iii) ------------------ == +.||=-
.|+=- +
:. || |n|r|-+=zv== -+==| |+=||=||= + |=+| + = |nr|- 1+1 = 3
() |+;| = )+ n| = .|=== =-| =-- + =||- -|+
-= || +:= = - - =-| =| ==| =- ++
-+v
|=== n| = (i)---------------- )+ =-| =-- + =||- -|+ -= || (ii)----------------
= (=-|||) - - =-|=| ==| (iii) --------------+
(|) =|=|.||=||+: + + = .-=-|-| =r|||+
= -:=| == = | - + = + =|==++
-+v
=|=| (i)-------------- = |+ + + (ii)-------------- -|-| - )-: =|
(iii)---------------- = =|== + = += +
r. r|||* =-+:||= || = + .=|==| | ==-+ 1x4 = 4
(i) + =-||= = j+| |== |= -+|= +
(ii) =+ |=|n+| =|- =|=|--+
(iii) = += ;|:.| =|=| -|+|--+
(iv) =| |== + = |=+| == = = r|| -|+|-+
:. |==|==|= =|= || |n|r|-+|+=||= + = |nr|-+ x8 = 4
(i) = +=|| - = | -|=|-- ==+
(ii) =n || +|=| |=-|+= = =++--+
330
(iii) )=== |n + || +|=|= -|| =+:|| + |= ==|-- ==+
(iv) |=| |=+ == |r = .+-||= -=+ :=- +
(v) -| )= = | |+ -|| ==.||n| + |+.= =|=|=- r||:|- ==+
(vi) |=+=== +== +| +|=| |=--== r| r-| +==+
(vii) :: : = +| +|== |+ +|=|= |=-|+= =+= =|=- +
(viii) +n= = | .+.||n| + |+.||- = == = .+| :||+
s. |=-=|n|r|-+|+= | r|||-+:|=|= =|=-= | |=+| |nr|-
(=) |=|=| - +|:= |:-| +
(i) =|= +
(ii) .n| == +
(iii) =-||.|=+
(r|) == =n=== - ||| = = )++
(i) =|=|=|
(ii) +=
(iii) =====+
(=) r == |+ = |== =|= = +
(i) =|= + |- |+= r|-|
(ii) =||= j==
(iii) = =|= = =| |-+
331
-= t n rvt sz
rts +'
(i:s - +xt t= j
s t
+ vt *=t - n rjs (nr tttttits j
fu/kkZ fjr le; % 3 ?k.Vs vf/kdre va d % 100
vtsv
= = : |+| .n| =| + |||i- + .= +=| |=|== r + i+=||| = = : = i:) =) .|:|
= =||= + +=| =+|=| .|:| =| + =| = -|| = ==- r :== in) -|| = i:) =|) +
i+=||| =-| : - === =+= + i+-|i+ |+| +== =| + =| = =r| =- -| .|- = =|=
=|) = + | =r| +
| i=+ | +- =| |+| =|=||== + =| =| = in) = +|-- = =|= =|) = i= + =+
| i.|= : i= = =r| =-|| = in) .|- = +.= i:) =|) +
r| r| (==|==-=|= = ) = --= - i=| +| = + = = : n r|= = i+=-+ ===|
=|)+ ==| = =| -||= -|| i==| r| = i:=| =|)+ +|+= = ==| + = r| r = i= +|+=
=| =| := --++ | i.|= +|+= .| ,-| = in) -|| = i:) =|) +
i==| -|| + .= = i+=-+|== =-| -|| r| ==- r + := = =| ==| = i:) =) =-|
i=:.| =|== r + === i-i+- -|| =r| =-| r| ==- r - = i:) =|) +
. I )=+: = =-|- - :| + .=+ + = = -||= = in) =+ x2 = 1
(i) + =|.|== + =|.|== + =|.|== + =|.|== + =|.|== (ii) ==n= ==n= ==n= ==n= ==n=
II + | +|+= = =-|- - :| + .=+ + = = -||= = in) )= =+ 1x2 = 2
(i) ......+ -|= + ||=| .... ......+ -|= + ||=| .... ......+ -|= + ||=| .... ......+ -|= + ||=| .... ......+ -|= + ||=| .... (ii) .... =|- ..... .... =|- ..... .... =|- ..... .... =|- ..... .... =|- .....
III =||i=: .|= =-|- - =| + .=+ + = = -||= = in) =+ x4 = 2
(i) ==||=| ==||=| ==||=| ==||=| ==||=| (ii) = =|i= = =|i= = =|i= = =|i= = =|i= (iii) =-=- =-=- =-=- =-=- =-=- (iv) + =|.|== + =|.|== + =|.|== + =|.|== + =|.|==
| I )=+: = =-|- - :| + .=+ + = = = in) =+ 1x2 = 2
(i) : |-||n-| : |-||n-| : |-||n-| : |-||n-| : |-||n-| (ii) = == ==
II + | +|+= = =-|- - :| + .=+ + = = = in) :| = 2x2 = 4
(i) .... =++= .... .... =++= .... .... =++= .... .... =++= .... .... =++= .... (ii) .... + = + ==+i-=+i .... .... + = + ==+i-=+i .... .... + = + ==+i-=+i .... .... + = + ==+i-=+i .... .... + = + ==+i-=+i ....
332
III =||i=: .|= =-|- - =| + .=+ + = = = in) =+ x4 = 2
(i) =++== =++== =++== =++== =++== (ii) =+i-=+i =+i-=+i =+i-=+i =+i-=+i =+i-=+i (iii) ==-= = ==-= = ==-= = ==-= = ==-= = (iv) =-- =-- =-- =-- =--
IV .||| = inr|- -n|i= : |-||=n|i= -n|i= : |-||=n|i= -n|i= : |-||=n|i= -n|i= : |-||=n|i= -n|i= : |-||=n|i= |+| -= =+= + .||| =+ 2
.||| = =| .|: =|=| i=|| i- =r| r + -||+ =+= r| =| i=+|= .||| = =| .|: =|=| i=|| i- =r| r + -||+ =+= r| =| i=+|= .||| = =| .|: =|=| i=|| i- =r| r + -||+ =+= r| =| i=+|= .||| = =| .|: =|=| i=|| i- =r| r + -||+ =+= r| =| i=+|= .||| = =| .|: =|=| i=|| i- =r| r + -||+ =+= r| =| i=+|=
r + .||| = )= n| +|+= = -|| r| ==-| r + r + .||| = )= n| +|+= = -|| r| ==-| r + r + .||| = )= n| +|+= = -|| r| ==-| r + r + .||| = )= n| +|+= = -|| r| ==-| r + r + .||| = )= n| +|+= = -|| r| ==-| r +
rts rt' (t=t-+ +tv j
z +|n r|== - := i+=||=+ + = =-||= = in) =+ x10 = 5
(i) |==- |==- |==- |==- |==- (ii) i+ =+ i| i+ =+ i| i+ =+ i| i+ =+ i| i+ =+ i| (iii) .| -||i.|| .| -||i.|| .| -||i.|| .| -||i.|| .| -||i.|| (iv) = .|in= = .|in= = .|in= = .|in= = .|in= (v) ==i- ==i- ==i- ==i- ==i-
(vi) = |=|+=|.| = |=|+=|.| = |=|+=|.| = |=|+=|.| = |=|+=|.| (vii) i+.+i=i= i+.+i=i= i+.+i=i= i+.+i=i= i+.+i=i= (viii) =+|=== =+|=== =+|=== =+|=== =+|=== (ix) +|= +|= +|= +|= +|= (x) i+-| i+-| i+-| i+-| i+-|
s i+=||= + i- ;|| = +|:-n r|== -s i+=||=+ + = =-||= = in) =+ + | +|+= = inr|=
+ -|| = i:) =|) +
(i) r i==i+ =...... r i==i+ =...... r i==i+ =...... r i==i+ =...... r i==i+ =...... (ii) : - ==|=-| ..... : - ==|=-| ..... : - ==|=-| ..... : - ==|=-| ..... : - ==|=-| ..... (iii) =+| = +=n ..... =+| = +=n ..... =+| = +=n ..... =+| = +=n ..... =+| = +=n ..... 1x5 = 5
(iv) -|+ =| ..... -|+ =| ..... -|+ =| ..... -|+ =| ..... -|+ =| ..... (v) =ir +=| - =ir +=| - =ir +=| - =ir +=| - =ir +=| -
1 11 11 i=|+| == |+| = = :n r|== i=|+| == |+| = = :n r|== i=|+| == |+| = = :n r|== i=|+| == |+| = = :n r|== i=|+| == |+| = = :n r|== 2x5 = 10
==| = =n, = i-|- +|+= + i-|- r + = +n +|+= =| .| =-| : r|| =|)+ :=
+ .= =| + = r| = .= +|+= ==| r + +|+= n| |+| :|| r| =r =r++ | +|+= n| |+| :|| r| =r =r++ | +|+= n| |+| :|| r| =r =r++ | +|+= n| |+| :|| r| =r =r++ | +|+= n| |+| :|| r| =r =r++ |
=r| + +|+= |n =|i= r =| =r| - =r -|| =r++ | =r| + =r| + +|+= |n =|i= r =| =r| - =r -|| =r++ | =r| + =r| + +|+= |n =|i= r =| =r| - =r -|| =r++ | =r| + =r| + +|+= |n =|i= r =| =r| - =r -|| =r++ | =r| + =r| + +|+= |n =|i= r =| =r| - =r -|| =r++ | =r| + =|=i|= : i=
= .| = r| = + + | = i:) =|) + = = || = i:) =) .|: =r|=-|| r , == = = || = i:) =) .|: =r|=-|| r , == = = || = i:) =) .|: =r|=-|| r , == = = || = i:) =) .|: =r|=-|| r , == = = || = i:) =) .|: =r|=-|| r , ==
.|: = = |+| =r| - |+.== =r| + + =+= .|:| =| + =| = = .|: = = |+| =r| - |+.== =r| + + =+= .|:| =| + =| = = .|: = = |+| =r| - |+.== =r| + + =+= .|:| =| + =| = = .|: = = |+| =r| - |+.== =r| + + =+= .|:| =| + =| = = .|: = = |+| =r| - |+.== =r| + + =+= .|:| =| + =| = =
+|+=-i==| | = ==- r + +|+=-i==| | = ==- r + +|+=-i==| | = ==- r + +|+=-i==| | = ==- r + +|+=-i==| | = ==- r + == =+= -|| = = || = i:) =) .|:| =| i+-|i+=|
|i: -|| =:n ==- r , = i:) =|) + | i==| = = .|- =|= =|) + := + .=
= + = r + + = = +|+= = in) z = r +
|+| = = :n r|== = = :n r|== = = :n r|== = = :n r|== = = :n r|==
=r i+=-+ === in) === in) === in) === in) === in) =|=| =|)+ == =+= -|| = = || = i:) =) .|:| =|
i+-|i+=| |i: =:n ==- r + = i:) =|) + := + .= = + = r + + = = +|+=
= in) z = r +
333
rts v' (= v =-vt+tt j
s = i|-= i|= : - = i|-= i|= : - = i|-= i|= : - = i|-= i|= : - = i|-= i|= : - | i.|= : i= = =r| =-| = in) | i.|= = +.= i:) =|) + 1x3 = 3
(i) |=|==== |=|==== |=|==== |=|==== |=|==== (ii) =- =: =- =: =- =: =- =: =- =: + i=| i=| i=| i=| i=| (iii) ==.= ==.= ==.= ==.= ==.=
c ==|= ==|= ==|= ==|= ==|= - := + .= =| = n = .= ===-+: |+| i+= r =| === r + + = = =
in) )= = r + | i.|= =r| =-| = in) -|| | i.|= = i:) =|) + 1x4 = 4
(i) +=-| | +=-| | +=-| | +=-| | +=-| | (ii) =| |n| -|| =| |n| -|| =| |n| -|| =| |n| -|| =| |n| -|| (iii) i=| |i=||-=| i=| =ir-= i=| |i=||-=| i=| =ir-= i=| |i=||-=| i=| =ir-= i=| |i=||-=| i=| =ir-= i=| |i=||-=| i=| =ir-= (iv) :.| :.| :.| :.| :.|
|==|i= === = |==|i= === = |==|i= === = |==|i= === = |==|i= === =
: :: :: + ji--+ == + ji--+ == + ji--+ == + ji--+ == + ji--+ == - = = || := + .= = == = +n =-| inr| ==- r + - + | =
i:) =|) + =-| i+=-+|== r| ==- r + | i.|= =r| | i.|= =r| | i.|= =r| | i.|= =r| | i.|= =r| =-| = in) | i.|= =
i:) =|) + + = = -||= = in) =+ = +n + == =| = + -|| = i:) =|) + 1x5 = 5
(i) +i-== +i-== +i-== +i-== +i-== (ii) ||+= ||+= ||+= ||+= ||+= (iii) .|i+=|= .|i+=|= .|i+=|= .|i+=|= .|i+=|= (iv) =|=+-| =|=+-| =|=+-| =|=+-| =|=+-| (v) =n| =n| =n| =n| =n|
s ss ss == == == == == - = = +|+=| = i|= == i+=-+ =+ = + = + r| ==- r + -
= : + + = = -||= = in) =+ 1x5 = 5
(i) .+=|| .+=|| .+=|| .+=|| .+=|| (ii) =|| =|| =|| =|| =|| (iii) =| =| =| =| =| (iv) r = r = r = r = r = (v) =:|r = =:|r = =:|r = =:|r = =:|r =
+ ++ ++ := + .= = + = = i+=||= = in) )= = r + -||+|= =| =r| r| = + =
i:) =|) 1x3 = 3
(i) i==- i==- i==- i==- i==- (ii) + =-= + =-= + =-= + =-= + =-= (iii) r= r= r= r= r=
+ + + + + ===-= = || ===-= = || ===-= = || ===-= = || ===-= = || := + .= = +- =| |+| ===-+: =| | =|= = i:=| =|)+
| i.|= =r| r| = + -|| | i.|= = i:) =|) + 1x4 = 4
(i) =|| -:.| =|| -:.| =|| -:.| =|| -:.| =|| -:.| (ii) +|:| = )=|:.| +|:| = )=|:.| +|:| = )=|:.| +|:| = )=|:.| +|:| = )=|:.| (iii) =+|: )=|:.| =+|: )=|:.| =+|: )=|:.| =+|: )=|:.| =+|: )=|:.| (iv) =- =- =- =- =-
=i: == +|:= .|: =| + =| = =r| =- r -| := | =|= =r| i:=| =|)+
= r=|-= = || = r=|-= = || = r=|-= = || = r=|-= = || = r=|-= = || := + .= = +- =| |+| ===-+: =| | =|= = i:=| =|)+
| i.|= =r| r| = + -|| | i.|= = i:) =|) + + = = = in) =+ x4 = 2
(i) ;| ;| ;| ;| ;| (ii) )=| )=| )=| )=| )=| (iii) |i= |i= |i= |i= |i= (iv) += += += += +=
z z z z z +|+=-= = || +|+=-= = || +|+=-= = || +|+=-= = || +|+=-= = || := + .= = == = +n =-| inr| ==- r + + | = i:) =|) +
| i.|= =r| r| = + -|| | i.|= = i:) =|) + +|+= =| .| =-| + = r| r n=|
|i: =r| + 1x4 = 4
(i) +- +- +- +- +- (ii) -| -| -| -| -| (iii) inr||i= inr||i= inr||i= inr||i= inr||i= (iv) ==- ==- ==- ==- ==-
334
rts tt' (i:s-+xt t= j
s := + .= =| = n = .= +=| |= +=| |= +=| |= +=| |= +=| |= +|-|| r + == +=| =+|=| +=| =+|=| +=| =+|=| +=| =+|=| +=| =+|=| .|:| =| + =| = =
==- r + + | = i:) =|) + | i.|= =r| r| = + -|| | i.|= = i:) =|) +
() ==| . ==| . ==| . ==| . ==| .| || ||
I )=+: = =-|- - :| + .=+ + = = = in) =+ x2 = 1
(i) + =-=-||=== + =-=-||=== + =-=-||=== + =-=-||=== + =-=-||=== (ii) = +| + i- = +| + i- = +| + i- = +| + i- = +| + i-
II + | +|+= = =-|- - )= + .= = in) :| =+ z
(i) ..... =|| i+= ==|: n| -||- ....... ..... =|| i+= ==|: n| -||- ....... ..... =|| i+= ==|: n| -||- ....... ..... =|| i+= ==|: n| -||- ....... ..... =|| i+= ==|: n| -||- .......
III =||i=: .|= =-|- - =| + .=+ + = = = in) =+ x4 = 2
(i) i+i=| i+i=| i+i=| i+i=| i+i=| (ii) i+=- i+=- i+=- i+=- i+=- (iii) +: = +: = +: = +: = +: = (iv) =|+=| =|+=| =|+=| =|+=| =|+=|
(|) +=| . +=| . +=| . +=| . +=| .| || ||
I )=+: = =-|- - :| + .=+ + = = = in) =+ 1x2 = 2
(i) + =| + =| + =| + =| + =| (ii) .||-n| .||-n| .||-n| .||-n| .||-n|
II + | +|+= = =-|- - )= + .= = in) =+ 2
..... + r n|:=i- + =| ..... + r n|:=i- + =| ..... + r n|:=i- + =| ..... + r n|:=i- + =| ..... + r n|:=i- + =|
III =||i=: .|= =-|- - =| + .=+ + = = = in) =+ x4 = 2
(i) .||-n| .||-n| .||-n| .||-n| .||-n| (ii) + r n|:=i- + r n|:=i- + r n|:=i- + r n|:=i- + r n|:=i- (iii) +||| +||| +||| +||| +||| (iv) .||-n=inn .||-n=inn .||-n=inn .||-n=inn .||-n=inn
(:) =|= =| .| =|= =| .| =|= =| .| =|= =| .| =|= =| .|
I )=+: = =-|- - =| + .=+ + = = = in) =+ x2 = 1
(i) == == == == == (ii) + j- + j- + j- + j- + j-
II + | +|+= = =-|- - )= + .= = in) :| =+ z
(i) ......= =|+ ........ =| i=n ................. ......= =|+ ........ =| i=n ................. ......= =|+ ........ =| i=n ................. ......= =|+ ........ =| i=n ................. ......= =|+ ........ =| i=n .................
III =||i=: .|= =-|- - =| + .=+ + = = = in) =+ x4 = 2
(i) + + + + + + + + + + (ii) =|=|i- =|=|i- =|=|i- =|=|i- =|=|i- (iii) == |= == |= == |= == |= == |= (iv) i+|||| i+|||| i+|||| i+|||| i+||||
335
1 -||+-= = || -||+-= = || -||+-= = || -||+-= = || -||+-= = || := + .= = == .n| = = = =-| = = ==- r |+| +=| =+|=| +=| =+|=| +=| =+|=| +=| =+|=| +=| =+|=|
.|:| =| + =| = = ==- r + + | = i:) =|) + == = +n =-| inr| ==- r + 1x6 = 6
I (i) = r||i= = r||i= = r||i= = r||i= = r||i= |+| i=n-|-= n-| .|:
(ii) + -= + -= + -= + -= + -= |+| i=n-|-= n-| .|:
(iii) == == == == == |+| i=n-| = n-| .|:
II (i) + |i|=| + |i|=| + |i|=| + |i|=| + |i|=| |+| i=n-|-= n-| .|:
(ii) +.| +.| +.| +.| +.| |+| i=n-|-= n-| .|:
(iii) =||-= =||-= =||-= =||-= =||-= |+| i=n-|-= n-| .|:
s -+=-= = || -+=-= = || -+=-= = || -+=-= = || -+=-= = || := + .= = == .n| = = = =-| = = ==- r + == = +n =-|
inr| ==- r +
I (i) irir- irir- ir- (ii) i++|-| += i+= i++|-| += i+= i++|-| += i+= i++|-| += i+= i++|-| += i+= (iii) i++ i++ i++ i++ i++ x6 = 3
II (i) -|- -|- -|- -|- -|- (ii) =|= | | =|= | | =|= | | =|= | | =|= | | (iii) + =| += + =| += + =| += + =| += + =| +=
c + .=i==| |-= = || + .=i==| |-= = || + .=i==| |-= = || + .=i==| |-= = || + .=i==| |-= = || := + .= = == = +n + .=+|== .|: inr| ==- r + =|=|
+- =| |i: =| : i= = = +|-- = =|= =|) = i= + | + := + .= = +=| |=
+ .= r +r| ==- r + 1x4 = 4
(i) === === === === === (ii) =i- =i- =i- =i- =i- (iii) ===|- ===|- ===|- ===|- ===|- (iv) =|= =|= =|= =|= =|= -= =|| = .|: -|| r| ==- r +
: =||==-= = || =||==-= = || =||==-= = || =||==-= = || =||==-= = || := + .= = =-| = +|+=| = -|i= = = = | r| + + .= =| ||==
r == i- |||i- =r| + = +n +|+=== inr|= + -|| = i:) =|) + +- =| |i:
: == =r| + =|= r| =|= i:=| ==| == = +n i=: .||== r + x8 = 4
(ii) (vi) (iii) (vii)
(viii) (v) (iv) (i)
=r =|=|-= == r + -= -|i= = == r| = + -|| = i:) =|) + =r =|=|-= == r + -= -|i= = == r| = + -|| = i:) =|) + =r =|=|-= == r + -= -|i= = == r| = + -|| = i:) =|) + =r =|=|-= == r + -= -|i= = == r| = + -|| = i:) =|) + =r =|=|-= == r + -= -|i= = == r| = + -|| = i:) =|) + | i.|=
=-| = in) -|| = i:) =|) + =-| = in) -|| = i:) =|) + =-| = in) -|| = i:) =|) + =-| = in) -|| = i:) =|) + =-| = in) -|| = i:) =|) +
s .|:|| -= = || .|:|| -= = || .|:|| -= = || .|:|| -= = || .|:|| -= = || := + .= = == = +n === r=| inr| ==- r = i:) =|) +
+- =| |i: =| : i= = = .|- r| =|= =|) + + = = -||= = in) = 1x3 = 3
(i) +|=| -| +|=| -| +|=| -| +|=| -| +|=| -|
(ii) ===|=| i=|-| ===|=| i=|-| ===|=| i=|-| ===|=| i=|-| ===|=| i=|-|
(iii) =|r== =|r== =|r== =|r== =|r==
336
-= t n rvt sz
rts +'
(i:s - +xt t= j
. I )=+: = =-|- - :| + .=+ + = = -||= = in) =+ x2 = 1
(i) ==|=|= ==|=|= ==|=|= ==|=|= ==|=|= (ii) i.|-|| i.|-|| i.|-|| i.|-|| i.|-||
II + | +|+= = =-|- - :| + .=+ + = = -||= = in) )= =+ 1x2 = 2
(i) ......+ = = ==== .... ......+ = = ==== .... ......+ = = ==== .... ......+ = = ==== .... ......+ = = ==== .... (ii) .... i.|-|| i+=| ..... .... i.|-|| i+=| ..... .... i.|-|| i+=| ..... .... i.|-|| i+=| ..... .... i.|-|| i+=| .....
III =||i=: .|= =-|- - =| + .=+ + = = -||= = in) =+ x4 = 2
(i) + = r| + = r| + = r| + = r| + = r| (ii) ==- ==- ==- ==- ==- (iii) n| =--| n| =--| n| =--| n| =--| n| =--| (iv) :| ||||= :| ||||= :| ||||= :| ||||= :| ||||=
| I )=+: = =-|- - :| + .=+ + = = = in) =+ 1x2 = 2
(i) =-=n|= =-=n|= =-=n|= =-=n|= =-=n|= (ii) ===||.== =i=-| ===||.== =i=-| ===||.== =i=-| ===||.== =i=-| ===||.== =i=-|
II + | +|+= = =-|- - :| + .=+ + = = = in) :| = 2x2 = 4
(i) .... ==|: .|== = +=== +== .... .... ==|: .|== = +=== +== .... .... ==|: .|== = +=== +== .... .... ==|: .|== = +=== +== .... .... ==|: .|== = +=== +== .... (ii) .... -| =| .... .... -| =| .... .... -| =| .... .... -| =| .... .... -| =| ....
III =||i=: .|= =-|- - =| + .=+ + = = = in) =+ x4 = 2
(i) =-=n| =-=n| =-=n| =-=n| =-=n| (ii) =ir =ir =ir =ir =ir (iii) : === : === : === : === : === (iv) =| | =| | =| | =| | =| |
IV .||| = inr|- =r|= =||+==||+=== = : .||= |= .= =r|= =||+==||+=== = : .||= |= .= =r|= =||+==||+=== = : .||= |= .= =r|= =||+==||+=== = : .||= |= .= =r|= =||+==||+=== = : .||= |= .=
|+| -= =+= + .||| =+ 12=2
.||| = =| .|: =|=| i=|| i- =r| r + -||+ =+= r| =| i=+|= r + .||| =
)= n| +|+= = -|| r| ==-| r +
rts rt' (t=t-+ +tv j
z +|n r|== - := i+=||=+ + = =-||= = in) =+ x10 = 5
(i) =|||+|=- =|||+|=- =|||+|=- =|||+|=- =|||+|=- (ii) i+ = = = i+ = = = i+ = = = i+ = = = i+ = = = (iii) .| -||i.|| .| -||i.|| .| -||i.|| .| -||i.|| .| -||i.|| (iv) = .|in= = .|in= = .|in= = .|in= = .|in=
(v) :-|i=-| = :-|i=-| = :-|i=-| = :-|i=-| = :-|i=-| = (vi) i=- i=- i=- i=- i=- (vii) -=|== -=|== -=|== -=|== -=|== (viii) n|-= n|-= n|-= n|-= n|-=
(ix) i+|= | i+|= | i+|= | i+|= | i+|= | (x) = = = = = = = = = =
337
s i+=||= = +|:-n r|== -s i+=||=+ + = =-||= = in) =+ + | +|+= =
inr|= + -|| = i:) =|) +
(i) i= .||-n =n .... i= .||-n =n .... i= .||-n =n .... i= .||-n =n .... i= .||-n =n .... (ii) | =| =+ i=i=- =|n | =| =+ i=i=- =|n | =| =+ i=i=- =|n | =| =+ i=i=- =|n | =| =+ i=i=- =|n (iii) =: + i==| i-..... =: + i==| i-..... =: + i==| i-..... =: + i==| i-..... =: + i==| i-..... 1x5 = 5
(iv) -|+-| i=i: .|- ..... -|+-| i=i: .|- ..... -|+-| i=i: .|- ..... -|+-| i=i: .|- ..... -|+-| i=i: .|- ..... (v) r , -|+-|+ i= -|+|= ..... r , -|+-|+ i= -|+|= ..... r , -|+-|+ i= -|+|= ..... r , -|+-|+ i= -|+|= ..... r , -|+-|+ i= -|+|= .....
1 11 11 i=|+| == |+| = = :n r|== i=|+| == |+| = = :n r|== i=|+| == |+| = = :n r|== i=|+| == |+| = = :n r|== i=|+| == |+| = = :n r|== 2x5 = 10
==| = =n, = i-|- +|+= + i-|- r + = +n +|+= =| .| =-| : r|| =|)+ :=
+ .= =| + = r| = .= +|+= ==| r + +|+= n| |+| :|| r| =r =r++ | +|+= n| |+| :|| r| =r =r++ | +|+= n| |+| :|| r| =r =r++ | +|+= n| |+| :|| r| =r =r++ | +|+= n| |+| :|| r| =r =r++ |
=r| + +|+= |n =|i= r =| =r| - =r -|| =r++ | =r| + =r| + +|+= |n =|i= r =| =r| - =r -|| =r++ | =r| + =r| + +|+= |n =|i= r =| =r| - =r -|| =r++ | =r| + =r| + +|+= |n =|i= r =| =r| - =r -|| =r++ | =r| + =r| + +|+= |n =|i= r =| =r| - =r -|| =r++ | =r| + =|=i|= : i=
= .| = r| = + + | = i:) =|) + = = || = i:) =) .|: =r|=-|| r , == = = || = i:) =) .|: =r|=-|| r , == = = || = i:) =) .|: =r|=-|| r , == = = || = i:) =) .|: =r|=-|| r , == = = || = i:) =) .|: =r|=-|| r , ==
.|: = = |+| =r| - |+.== =r| + + =+= .|:| =| + =| = = .|: = = |+| =r| - |+.== =r| + + =+= .|:| =| + =| = = .|: = = |+| =r| - |+.== =r| + + =+= .|:| =| + =| = = .|: = = |+| =r| - |+.== =r| + + =+= .|:| =| + =| = = .|: = = |+| =r| - |+.== =r| + + =+= .|:| =| + =| = =
+|+=-i==| | = ==- r + +|+=-i==| | = ==- r + +|+=-i==| | = ==- r + +|+=-i==| | = ==- r + +|+=-i==| | = ==- r + == =+= -|| = = || = i:) =) .|:| =| i+-|i+=|
|i: -|| =:n ==- r , = i:) =|) + | i==| = = .|- =|= =|) + := + .=
= + = r + + = = +|+= = in) z = r +
|+| = = :n r|== = = :n r|== = = :n r|== = = :n r|== = = :n r|==
=r i+=-+ === in) === in) === in) === in) === in) =|=| =|)+ == =+= -|| = = || = i:) =) .|:| =|
i+-|i+=| |i: =:n ==- r + = i:) =|) + := + .= = + = r + + = = +|+=
= in) z = r +
rts v' (= v =-vt+tt j
s = i|-= i|= : - = i|-= i|= : - = i|-= i|= : - = i|-= i|= : - = i|-= i|= : - | i.|= : i= = =r| =-| = in) | i.|= = +.= i:) =|) + 1x3 = 3
(i) : .||-- -=: .||-- -=| : .||-- -=: .||-- -=| : .||-- -=: .||-- -=| : .||-- -=: .||-- -=| : .||-- -=: .||-- -=| + i+ i+ i+ i+ i+ (ii) +| .==== +| .==== +| .==== +| .==== +| .==== (iii) =|n=-| =|n=-| =|n=-| =|n=-| =|n=-|
c ==|= ==|= ==|= ==|= ==|= - := + .= =| = n = .= ===-+: |+| i+= r =| === r + + = = =
in) )= = r + | i.|= =r| =-| = in) -|| | i.|= = i:) =|) + 1x4 = 4
(i) i+=|n=-|+= i+=|n=-|+= i+=|n=-|+= i+=|n=-|+= i+=|n=-|+= (ii) =|-| = i+-| = =|-| = i+-| = =|-| = i+-| = =|-| = i+-| = =|-| = i+-| = (iii) .|i+= =i-=-= .|i+= =i-=-= .|i+= =i-=-= .|i+= =i-=-= .|i+= =i-=-= (iv) =r =n =r =n =r =n =r =n =r =n
: :: :: + ji--+ == + ji--+ == + ji--+ == + ji--+ == + ji--+ == - = = || := + .= = == = +n =-| inr| ==- r + - + | =
i:) =|) + =-| i+=-+|== r| ==- r + | i.|= =r| | i.|= =r| | i.|= =r| | i.|= =r| | i.|= =r| =-| = in) | i.|= =
i:) =|) + + = = -||= = in) =+ = +n + == =| = + -|| = i:) =|) + 1x5 = 5
(i) =- == =- == =- == =- == =- == (ii) =n= =n= =n= =n= =n= (iii) = i==|= = i==|= = i==|= = i==|= = i==|= (iv) i+.||n+ i+.||n+ i+.||n+ i+.||n+ i+.||n+ (v) |=-| |=-| |=-| |=-| |=-|
338
s ss ss == == == == == - = = +|+=| = i|= == i+=-+ =+ = + = + r| ==- r + -
= : + + = = -||= = in) =+ 1x5 = 5
(i) .+-:|=ir .+-:|=ir .+-:|=ir .+-:|=ir .+-:|=ir (ii) =ir =ir =ir =ir =ir (iii) -:| -:| -:| -:| -:| (iv) r =-:|=ir r =-:|=ir r =-:|=ir r =-:|=ir r =-:|=ir (v) i+=| i+=| i+=| i+=| i+=|
+ ++ ++ := + .= = + = = i+=||= = in) )= = r + -||+|= =| =r| r| = + =
i:) =|) 1x3 = 3
(i) inr|i= inr|i= inr|i= inr|i= inr|i= (ii) ==| ==| ==| ==| ==| (iii) +|= +|= +|= +|= +|=
+ + + + + ===-= = || ===-= = || ===-= = || ===-= = || ===-= = || := + .= = +- =| |+| ===-+: =| | =|= = i:=| =|)+
| i.|= =r| r| = + -|| | i.|= = i:) =|) + 1x4 = 4
(i) )=|:.| )=|:.| )=|:.| )=|:.| )=|:.| (ii) =+|: )=|:.| =+|: )=|:.| =+|: )=|:.| =+|: )=|:.| =+|: )=|:.| (iii) +|:| = ;|:.| +|:| = ;|:.| +|:| = ;|:.| +|:| = ;|:.| +|:| = ;|:.| (iv) =|| =- =|| =- =|| =- =|| =- =|| =-
=i: == +|:= .|: =| + =| = =r| =- r -| := | =|= =r| i:=| =|)+
= r=|-= = || = r=|-= = || = r=|-= = || = r=|-= = || = r=|-= = || := + .= = +- =| |+| ===-+: =| | =|= = i:=| =|)+
| i.|= =r| r| = + -|| | i.|= = i:) =|) + + = = = in) =+ x4 = 2
(i) |= |= |= |= |= (ii) )=| )=| )=| )=| )=| (iii) =+|i.|- =+|i.|- =+|i.|- =+|i.|- =+|i.|- (iv) += += += += +=
z z z z z +|+=-= = || +|+=-= = || +|+=-= = || +|+=-= = || +|+=-= = || := + .= = == = +n =-| inr| ==- r + + | = i:) =|) +
| i.|= =r| r| = + -|| | i.|= = i:) =|) + +|+= =| .| =-| + = r| r n=|
|i: =r| + 1x4 = 4
(i) +i-- +i-- +i-- +i-- +i-- (ii) =| =| =| =| =| (iii) ==| ==| ==| ==| ==| (iv) =i==i- =i==i- =i==i- =i==i- =i==i-
rts tt' (i:s-+xt t= j
s := + .= =| = n = .= +=| |= +=| |= +=| |= +=| |= +=| |= +|-|| r + == +=| =+|=| +=| =+|=| +=| =+|=| +=| =+|=| +=| =+|=| .|:| =| + =| = =
==- r + + | = i:) =|) + | i.|= =r| r| = + -|| | i.|= = i:) =|) +
() ==| .| ==| .| ==| .| ==| .| ==| .|
I )=+: = =-|- - :| + .=+ + = = = in) =+ x2 = 1
(i) i.|+|=|= i.|+|=|= i.|+|=|= i.|+|=|= i.|+|=|= (ii) :|=.||n-|= :|=.||n-|= :|=.||n-|= :|=.||n-|= :|=.||n-|=
II + | +|+= = =-|- - )= + .= = in) :| =+ z
(i) ..... ==== ==--- ....... ..... ==== ==--- ....... ..... ==== ==--- ....... ..... ==== ==--- ....... ..... ==== ==--- .......
III =||i=: .|= =-|- - =| + .=+ + = = = in) =+ x4 = 2
(i) +=- i= +=- i= +=- i= +=- i= +=- i= (ii) |=|- |=|- |=|- |=|- |=|- (iii) |=|i-- |=|i-- |=|i-- |=|i-- |=|i-- (iv) ==| ==| ==| ==| ==|
339
(|) +=| . +=| . +=| . +=| . +=| .| || ||
I )=+: = =-|- - :| + .=+ + = = = in) =+ 1x2 = 2
(i) + + + + + + + + + + (ii) ==-==|- ==-==|- ==-==|- ==-==|- ==-==|-
II + | +|+= = =-|- - )= + .= = in) =+ 2
..... ===|- ..... ..... ===|- ..... ..... ===|- ..... ..... ===|- ..... ..... ===|- .....
III =||i=: .|= =-|- - =| + .=+ + = = = in) =+ x4 = 2
(i) + + + + + + + + + + (ii) |=|i- |=|i- |=|i- |=|i- |=|i- (iii) ===|- ===|- ===|- ===|- ===|- (iv) -|== -|== -|== -|== -|==
(:) =|= =| .| =|= =| .| =|= =| .| =|= =| .| =|= =| .|
I )=+: = =-|- - =| + .=+ + = = = in) =+ x2 = 1
(i) = = == = = == = = == = = == = = == (ii) =||=n =||=n =||=n =||=n =||=n
II + | +|+= = =-|- - )= + .= = in) :| =+ z
(i) ...... +=|.|:i|=| ................. ...... +=|.|:i|=| ................. ...... +=|.|:i|=| ................. ...... +=|.|:i|=| ................. ...... +=|.|:i|=| .................
III =||i=: .|= =-|- - =| + .=+ + = = = in) =+ x4 = 2
(i) + : .|== + : .|== + : .|== + : .|== + : .|== (ii) r r r r r (iii) =+ =+ =+ =+ =+ (iv) = =|=-|= = =|=-|= = =|=-|= = =|=-|= = =|=-|=
1 -||+-= = || -||+-= = || -||+-= = || -||+-= = || -||+-= = || := + .= = == .n| = = = =-| = = ==- r |+| +=| =+|=| +=| =+|=| +=| =+|=| +=| =+|=| +=| =+|=|
.|:| =| + =| = = ==- r + + | = i:) =|) + == = +n =-| inr| ==- r + 1x6 = 6
I (i) =|| === || =|| === || =|| === || =|| === || =|| === || |+| i=n-|-= n-| .|:
(ii) =|=| =|=| =|=| =|=| =|=| |+| i=n-|-= n-| .|:
(iii) :-| :-| :-| :-| :-| |+| i=n-| = n-| .|:
II (i) == == == == == |+| i=n-|-= n-| .|:
(ii) -=|= = -=|= = -=|= = -=|= = -=|= = |+| i=n-|-= n-| .|:
(iii) + |= | + |= | + |= | + |= | + |= | |+| i=n-|-= n-| .|:
s -+=-= = || -+=-= = || -+=-= = || -+=-= = || -+=-= = || := + .= = == .n| = = = =-| = = ==- r + == = +n =-|
inr| ==- r +
I (i) i+;| = i+;| = i+;| = i+;| = i+;| = (ii) +:= +:= +:= +:= +:= (iii) =- =- =- =- =- x6 = 3
II (i) .||=|i+: .||=|i+: .||=|i+: .||=|i+: .||=|i+: (ii) =r||| =r||| =r||| =r||| =r||| (iii) == = | == = | == = | == = | == = |
340
c + .=i==| |-= = || + .=i==| |-= = || + .=i==| |-= = || + .=i==| |-= = || + .=i==| |-= = || := + .= = == = +n + .=+|== .|: inr| ==- r + =|=|
+- =| |i: =| : i= = = +|-- = =|= =|) = i= + | + := + .= = +=| |=
+ = r| r + -|| i+=-+|== =-| r| ==- r + 1x4 = 4
(i) = = = = = (ii) i= i= i= i= i= (iii) =i- =i- =i- =i- =i- (iv) === === === === === -= =|| = .|: -|| r| ==- r +
: =||==-= = || =||==-= = || =||==-= = || =||==-= = || =||==-= = || := + .= = =-| = +|+=| = -|i= = = = | r| + + .= =| ||==
r == i- |||i- =r| + = +n +|+=== inr|= + -|| = i:) =|) + +- =| |i:
: == =r| + =|= r| =|= i:=| ==| == = +n i=: .||== r + x8 = 4
(iii) (v) (i) (vii)
(ii) (viii) (iv) (vi)
=r =|=|-= == r + -= -|i= = == r| = + -|| = i:) =|) + =r =|=|-= == r + -= -|i= = == r| = + -|| = i:) =|) + =r =|=|-= == r + -= -|i= = == r| = + -|| = i:) =|) + =r =|=|-= == r + -= -|i= = == r| = + -|| = i:) =|) + =r =|=|-= == r + -= -|i= = == r| = + -|| = i:) =|) + | i.|=
=-| = in) -|| = i:) =|) + =-| = in) -|| = i:) =|) + =-| = in) -|| = i:) =|) + =-| = in) -|| = i:) =|) + =-| = in) -|| = i:) =|) +
s .|:|| -= = || .|:|| -= = || .|:|| -= = || .|:|| -= = || .|:|| -= = || := + .= = == = +n === r=| inr| ==- r = i:) =|) +
+- =| |i: =| : i= = = .|- r| =|= =|) + + = = -||= = in) = 1x3 = 3
(i) =- || .|= =- || .|= =- || .|= =- || .|= =- || .|=
(ii) =|=|=| =|=|=| =|=|=| =|=|=| =|=|=|
(iii) =||= j= =||= j= =||= j= =||= j= =||= j=
341
FRENCH
Section A
1. Lisez le texte et rpondez aux questions qui suivent : 15
Les Grecs Sans Tabac Au Bistrot
Athnes : Plus gros fumeurs en Europe, les Hellnes devront ds le l
er
juillet respecter
linterdiction de fumer dans les lieux publics.
Les Grecs, plus gros fumeurs dEurope, vont devoir partir du l
er
juillet teindre leur
cigarette dans les lieux publics, selon une nouvelle loi qui se veut plus stricte que
les prcdentes. Et partir du ler septembre la loi bannira, grande nouveaut, la
publicit pour le tabac.
Deuxime pays producteur de tabac dEurope, la Grce, avec 42% de fumeurs,
dplore 20 000 morts par an en raison du tabac, selon le ministre de la Sant,
Dimitris Avramopoulos, qui souligne que les nouvelles mesures visent avant tout,
protger la sant publique . Lheure de vrit est arrive, cette interdiction se
veut un changement qui va rvolutionner les mentalits , dit-il toute occasion pour
prparer la mise en vigueur du nouveau cadre.
La loi prvoit une interdiction totale dans les hpitaux, tablissements scolaires,
transports et dans tout espace public...
(Le Matin)
(i) Rpondez aux questions: 6
(a) Les Grecs doivent respecter une nouvelle loi. Quelle est cette loi ?
(b) Selon le ministre de la Sant, pourquoi cette loi est-elle ncessaire ?
(c) Dans quels lieux les Grecs ne peuvent-ils pas fumer ?
Please check that this question paper contains 7 printed pages.
Code number given on the right hand side of the question paper should be written on the
title page of the answer-book by the candidate.
Please check that this question paper contains 15 questions.
Please write down the serial number of the question before attempting it.
15 minutes time has been allotted to read this question paper. The question paper will be
distributed at 10.15 a.m. From 10.15 a.m. to 10.30 a.m., the student will read the question
paper only and will not write any answer on the answer script during this period.
342
(ii) Cherchez dans le texte : 3
(a) un autre mot pour la dfense .
(b) le contraire de suivantes .
(c) le contraire de prive .
(d) la forme nominale de produire .
(e) la forme verbale de la protection .
(f) le nom dune ville.
(iii) Donnez: 2
(a) la forme nominale de : prparer.
(b) la forme verbale des mots: ltablissement, linterdiction.
(c) le contraire de : teindre.
(iv) Mettez ces phrases au pass compos: 2
(a) Et partir du l
er
septembre la loi bannira, grande nouveaut, la publicit
pour le tabac.
(b) La loi prvoit une interdiction totale dans les hpitaux..........
(v) Dites Vrai ou Faux : 2
(a) Les Grecs sont les plus gros fumeurs dEurope.
(b) Selon la loi, les Grecs ne peuvent fumer que dans les hpitaux.
(c) La Grce est le deuxime pays producteur de tabac dEurope.
(d) Linterdiction va amliorer la sant publique .
Section B
2. Ecrivez une lettre denviron 80 mots: 10
(i) votre sur lui conseillant comment soccuper de son jardin.
OU
(ii) vos grands-parents leur dcrivant votre nouveau boulot.
3. Composez un dialogue denviron 40 mots sur un des sujets : 5
(i) Vous tes all chez le dentiste. Parlez avec lui.
OU
(ii) Votre ami/ amie vient de recevoir son permis de conduire. Donnez-lui des
conseils.
343
4. (i) Donnez la recette dun plat qui est facile prparer. (30 mots) 5
OU
(ii) Il y a une fte de la musique dans votre quartier. Rdigez une invitation pour
votre cousin/cousine. (30 mots)
5. crivez une histoire denviron 100 mots en utilisant les mots donns : 10
M. Bean - rveur - toujours en retard - pour aller au bureau - ne pas trouver ses
affaires - dernier moment - chercher vtements - quelques fois - oublier la route - un
jour - en retard comme dhabitude - se dpcher - arriver au bureau - tout le monde
rire - pourquoi ? - M. Bean porter des chaussures - une brune - lautre noire!
Section C
6. Compltez les tirets avec les articles dfinis, indfinis, partitifs ou contracts : 5
______ enfants ont organis ______ pique-nique avec leurs cousins. Ils sont alls
dans ____ beau jardin prs de _____ gare. Il y a ______ grands arbres autour
_______ parc. Les enfants ont jou au ballon et puis ils se sont promens. Ils ont
mang _______ sandwichs et _____ fruits. Ils nont pas bu _____ coca car ils
prfrent ______ th glac.
7. Reliez les phrases avec les pronoms relatifs simples ou composs: 5
(i) Voici la route pittoresque. Je passe par cette route chaque matin.
(ii) Son amie vient de la Chine. Elle cherche un nouvel appartement.
(iii) Tu peux te servir de cette imprimante. Je nen ai plus besoin.
(iv) Maman adore ce beau livre. Il y a beaucoup dimages dans ce livre.
(v) Les franais partiront demain. Je leur ai donn les cadeaux.
8. Corrigez les fautes et soulignez les rponses : 5
Harish est malade. Il souffre beaucoup. Il a attrap froid. Il a une nez qui coule et il
tousse tout la nuit. Il consulte le mdecin. Le mdecin lui ausculte et le prescrit une
ordonnance. Harish suivre le traitement.
9. Remplacez les noms avec des pronoms personnels : 5
(i) Avez-vous compris les rgles du jeu ?
344
(ii) Nous ne visiterons pas ton frre et toi ce soir.
(iii) Montre ton cahier ton professeur !
(iv) Ce sont les garons qui sont arrivs en retard.
10. Mettez les verbes aux temps convenables : 5
(i) Il faut que tu (mettre) ta calculatrice dans ton sac.
(ii) Si nous (tudier) rgulirement nous naurions plus de problmes de
grammaire.
(iii) Jai regard le petit (courir) vers sa maman et je (sourire).
(iv) Lorsque Maggie (retenir) nos places au thtre, elle ma tlphon.
11. Changez au discours direct ou indirect selon le cas: 5
(i) Ma grand-mre me conseille : Rveille-toi tt chaque matin et fais du
yoga!
(ii) La directrice dclare que lcole sera ferme pour une semaine cause de la
grippe.
(iii) Carmen demande son frre ce quil a fait pendant son sjour Paris.
(iv) Alex demande la bibliothcaire : Puis-je emprunter ce roman pour deux
semaines ?
(v) Rohan demande son cousin: O fteras-tu ton anniversaire ?
12. Retrouvez les phrases : 5
(i) servons / des / de / VISA / nous / nous / choses / carte / acheter / pour.
(ii) professeur / avez / votre / votre / si / veut / complt / savoir / vous / devoir.
(iii) II / tu / rponses / que / soigneusement / est / important / les / crives.
(iv) de / de / trop / vitez / / conduire / pointe / l / vite / heure.
(v) partis / les / en / chantant / dansant / enfants / sont / et / en.
Section D
13. Rpondez six des questions suivantes : 12
(i) Que peut-on emprunter dune bibliothque? Nommez quatre choses.
345
(ii) Quest-ce que cest le thtre ?
(iii) Que savez-vous du Tour de France ?
(iv) Quest-ce que cest le gratin dauphinois ?
(v) Quelle est l origine de Paris?
(yi) Que savez -vous du CROUS?
(vii) Quest-ce que cest quun quotidien ? Nommez-en un.
14. Reliez les colonnes A et B et rcrivez : 4
Colonne A Colonne B
(i) Mont Blanc (a) 130km/h
(ii) Plus on est de fous (b) gare SNCF
(iii) Les autoroutes (c) une montagne
(iv) Un pansement (d) universit Paris
(v) Ieoh Ming Pei (e) Boisson
(vi) Grandes Lignes (f) la cour Napolon
(vii) Cidre (g) la pharmacie
(viii) La Sorbonne (h) plus on rit
15. Dites Vrai ou Faux: 4
(i) Le Petit Prince est une pice de Molire..
(ii) Le Jura est un fleuve franais.
(iii) Le boeuf bourguignon est un vin connu.
(iv) Le Panchatantra est une collection de fables.
(v) Alexandre Dumas est un sculpteur franais.
(vi) La Corse est une petite le.
(vii) Van Gogh a fait une peinture de lui-mme.
(viii) Un systme informatique comprend une disquette.
346
Section A
Des tours avec votre chien
Si votre chien a besoin dexercice physique, noubliez pas son mental.
En effet, utiliser son intelligence, cest une ncessit naturelle. Et, si ce besoin nest
pas satisfait, il peut devenir un chien problmes, un chien malheureux, ou les deux.
Par ailleurs; la plupart des toutous ne soccupent pas seuls, ils attendent que le chef
de la muette prenne linitiative.
Voici donc quelques ides amusantes pour solliciter les neurones de votre quatre-
pattes, prsentes par Isabelle Buol, ducatrice canine, avec la complicit de son
berger des Pyrnes Anou .
Certains de ces tours sont plus difficiles raliser que dautres. Allez-y pas pas, en
encourageant bien le chien, chaque fois, et en le rcompensant.
Et vous verrez, plus vous solliciterez, plus il apprendra rapidement. Et plus il vous
patera.
Toutefois, vitez de faire de trop longues sances. Lidal serait de prvoir trois ou
quatre petits entranements de cinq minutes par jour. Vous viterez ainsi que le chien
ne se dconcentre et ne se dmotive.
(pater : to amaze) (Le Matin)
(i) Rpondez aux questions suivantes : 6
(a) Il ne faut pas oublier le mental du chien. Pourquoi ?
(b) Que doit-on faire pour entraner le chien?
(c) Que doit-on viter quand on entrane ?
(ii) Donnez la forme nominale des verbes : 3
utiliser, attendre, encourager, dmotiver, rcompenser, raliser
(iii) Donnez le contraire de ces mots: 3
rcompenser, rapidement, naturelle, difficile, amusante, malheureux
(iv) Compltez avec un/des mots du texte : 2
(a) ________ de faire les fautes dorthographe, mes lves !
347
(b) La police sest avance __________ pour attraper le voleur.
(c) Mon professeur est ___________ avec mes rponses.
(d) La petite fille a beaucoup de _________ de sant! Quel dommage !
(v) Trouvez dans le texte : 1
(a) un verbe au temps subjonctif.
(b) un verbe au temps conditionnel.
SECTION B
2. Ecrivez une lettre denviron 80 mots: 10
(i) votre ami qui est au chmage. Donnez-lui des conseils.
OU
(ii) vos grands-parents dcrivant votre visite Paris.
3. Composez un dialogue denviron 40 mots sur un des sujets : 5
(i) Vous allez chez le mdecin car vous ne vous sentez pas bien.
OU
(ii) Vous discutez avec vos amis vos projets aprs vos examens.
4. (i) Vous rentrerez en retard de votre lyce cet aprs-midi. Laissez un message
vos parents (30 mots). 5
OU
(ii) Donnez la recette dun dessert franais (denviron 30 mots).
5. crivez une histoire denviron 100 mots en utilisant les mots donns :
Voyager - train - aller chez mes grands-parents - beaucoup de passagers - bavarder
- manger - jouer aux cartes - avoir sommeil sendormir - soudain - voyageur
sasseoir ct de moi - cest George Clooney! - parler de son prochain film - me
vouloir comme actrice - tre ravie - sursauter - tomber - quel beau rve !!!
348
SECTION C
6. Remplissez les tirets en utilisant des articles: 5
Claire est toujours malade. Pourquoi ? Elle ne mange pas _____________ lgumes
et elle naime pas ___________ viande. Elle mange __________ sucreries et
____________ pizzas. Elle ne boit que _____________ coca. Quelle btise !
7. Mettez les verbes aux temps convenables : 5
(i) Hier, quand Nafisa (aller) au bureau, elle (rencontrer) son ami denfance en
route.
(ii) (Se lever) sil te plat, le chef arrive!
(iii) Si vous (rire) trop, vous auriez des larmes aux yeux.
(iv) Je me suis endormie (couter) le discours ennuyeux.
8. Mettez les verbes au subjonctif : 5
(i) Il faut que tu (etre) calme avant de commencer lexamen.
(ii) La police exige que tout le monde (savoir) bien les codes de la route.
(iii) Cest ncessaire que vous (faire) la valise avant de voyager.
(iv) Je ne veux que Pauline (partir) ce soir.
(v) Il est important que nous (souligner) les rponses.
9. Remplissez les tirets en utilisant ladjectif ou le pronom dmonstratif : 5
(i) ___________ photo est magnifique mais je prfre _________ qui est contre
le mur.
(ii) Lesquels de ______________ parfums prfres-tu, ______________ ou
_________________ ?
(iii) Mon ordinateur marche bien, mais __________________ d Alec est en
panne.
(iv) ____________ pice de Molire est plus intressante que ____________
que jai lue hier.
(v) Voudriez-vous ______________ ou ______________, madame?
349
10. Rpondez aux questions en utilisant le pronom personnel: 5
(i) As-tu mis les tomates dans le bol ?
(ii) Est-ce quelles vont acheter ces feutres ?
(iii) Conduira-t-il sa sur et toi au cirque?
11. Formez les questions pour les rponses suivantes : 5
(i) Il est arriv hier soir.
(ii) Si, elle maccompagnera.
(iii) Ce cartable est Nadine.
(iv) Laxmi en a beaucoup.
(v) Les images sont jolies.
12. Mettez au discours direct ou indirect selon le cas: 5
(i) quelle heure me tlphoneras-tu ? ma cousine me demande.
(ii) Nathalie demande ses amis : Vous rencontrerez-vous devant le cinma?
(iii) Son pre lui demande ce quil a appris dans la classe.
(iv) Le professeur dAhmad lui conseille : Ne sois pas dans le nuage et tudie
bien!
(v) Mohan annonce quil se couchera toute la journe.
SECTION D
13. Rpondez six des questions suivantes : 12
(i) quoi sert la Carte Imagine R ?
(ii) Quelles sont les formalits pour sinscrire la bibliothque ?
(iii) Quest-ce que cest zapper ? Nommez deux chanes de tlvision
franaises.
(iv) Quest-ce que cest La France daprs vous ?
(v) Que faites-vous quand vous avez mal aux yeux ?
(vi) quoi sert le Minitel ?
(vii) Que savez-vous du festival de Cannes?
350
14. Reliez les colonnes A et B et rcrivez : 4
Colonne A Colonne B
(i) Eurostar (a) cinq ans
(ii) Une boisson (b) comme un singe
(iii) Une plaie (c) Fables
(iv) Sorbonne (d) cidre
(v) Cline Dion (e) universit
(vi) Malin (f) un pansement
(vii) La Fontaine (g) Eurotunnel
(viii) Prsident (h) chanteuse
15. Compltez les tirets : 4
(i) __________ et ___________ sont deux pays ct de la France.
(ii) Voltaire est un ________________ franais.
(iii) Arundhati Roy est lauteur de _______________ .
(iv) ___________ et __________ sont deux fleuves franais.
(v) ____________, le beau temps.
(vi) _____________ est une tche mnagre.
351
March 2010
Marking Scheme - French
(i) In the marking scheme, a slash (/) indicates alternative answers: any one such answer
should be accepted,
(ii) Brackets ( ) indicate optional information; the mark is awarded even if the information
in brackets is included or not.
(iii) If a student writes an answer which is not given in the marking scheme but which is
equally acceptable, full marks should be awarded.
(iv) Students should not be penalized if they do not follow the order of the section / question
while answering.
(v) The Marking scheme carries only suggested value points for the answers. These are
only Guidelines and do not constitute the complete answer. The students can have their
own expression and if the expression is correct, the marks be awarded accordingly.
(vi) Some of the questions may relate to higher order thinking ability (HOTS). These
questions are indicated separately. They are to be evaluated carefully and the students
understanding/analytical ability may be judged.
(vii) Every section carries general instructions at the beginning of the section. However for
section C some exercises may have specific marking instructions.
(viii) A flawless answerscript may be awarded full marks.
352
SECTION A
(20 Marks)
1. No marks are to be deducted for omission of articles, incorrect articles,
minor spelling errors, accents, punctuations
2. Referring to the marking scheme existing in class IX - workbook Pg
33, no marks are to be deducted for grammatical errors if relevant
lines or phrases have been identified from the texts.
1. Lisez le texte et rpondez aux questions qui suivent : (15)
Les Grecs Sans Tabac Au Bistrot
Athnes : Plus gros fumeurs en Europe; les Hellenes devront ds le l
er
juillet respecter
linterdiction de fumer dans les lieux publics.
Les Grecs, plus gros fumeurs dEurope, vont devoir partir du l
er
juillet teindre leur
cigarette dans les lieux publics, selon une nouvelle loi qui se veut plus stricte que
les prcdentes. Et partir du ler septembre la loi bannira, grande nouveaut, la
publicit pour le tabac.
Deuxime pays producteur de tabac dEurope, la Grce, avec 42% de fumeurs,
dplore 20 000 morts par an en raison du tabac, selon le ministre de la Sant,
Dimitris Avramopoulos, qui souligne que les nouvelles mesures visent avant tout
protger la sant publique . Lheure de vrit est arrive, cette interdiction se
veut un changement qui va rvolutionner les mentalits , dit-il toute occasion pour
prparer la mise en vigueur du nouveau cadre.
La loi prvoit une interdiction totale dans les hpitaux, tablissements scolaires,
transports et dans tout espace public...
(Le Matin)
(i) Rpondez aux questions: (2x3 = 6)
(a) Les Grecs doivent respecter une nouvelle loi. Quelle est cette
loi ?
Les Hellnes devront ds le 1
er
juillet respecter linterdiction de fumer
dans les lieux publics. / Les Grecs vont devoir partir du 1
er
juillet
teindre leur cigarette dans les lieux publics. / A partir du 1
er
septcmbre
la loi bannira la publicit pour le tabac.
353
Presence of anyone of the underlined expressions should
be awarded full marks
La loi prvoit une interdiction totale dans les hpitaux, tablissements
scolaires, transports et dans tout espace public.../ une nouvelle loi qui
se veut plus stricte que les prcdentes.
If a child copies this sentence he should be given one mark,
since it does not mention fumer / cigarette
(b) Selon le ministre de la Sant, pourquoi cette loi est-elle
ncessaire ?
Selon le ministre de la Sant, cette loi est ncessaire pour protger la
sant publique. Il y a 20000 morts par an en raison du tabac. Cette
interdiction se veut un changement qui va rvolutionner les mentalits.
Any one of the three underlined points will be awarded
full marks.
If a child writes cette loi est ncessaire pour prparer la
mise en vigueur du nouveau cadre, he/she should be given
1 mark
(c) Dans quels lieux les Grecs ne peuvent-ils pas fumer ?
La loi prvoit une interdiction totale dans les hpitaux, tablissements
scolaires, transports et dans tout espace public...
Any one of the underlined points should be given full marks
(ii) Cherchez dans le texte : (x6 = 3)
(a) un autre mot pour la dfense .
linterdiction / protger / bannir / la loi
mise en vigeur may also be given right
(b) le contraire de suivantes .
prcdent(e)(s) / avant
marks will be given if the e or es in prcdentes is missing
(c) le contraire de prive .
public / publique
354
(d) la forme nominale de produire .
producteur
production / produit should also be given right
(e) la forme verbale de la protection .
protger
(f) le nom dune ville.
Athnes
(iii) Donnez: (x4 = 2)
no deduction of marks incase of minor spelling errors
(a) la forme nominale de : prparer.
prparation / prpartifs /prparateur / prparatrice
(b) la forme verbale des mots: ltablissement, linterdiction.
tablir, interdire
infinitive or conjugated form should be accepted
(c) le contraire de : teindre.
allumer / fumer.
fume may be given right with reference to the text
(iv) Mettez ces phrases au pass compos: (1x2 = 2)
1 mark may be considered as mark for the correct auxiliary and
mark for the correct past participle.
(a) Et partir du 1
er
septembre la loi bannira, grande nouveaut,
la publicit pour le tabac.
Et partir du 1
er
septembre la loi a banni grande nouveaut, la publicit
pour le tabac.
(b) La loi prvoit une interdiction totale dans les hpitaux..........
La loi a prvu une interdiction totale dans les hpitaux
(v) Dites Vrai ou Faux : (x4 = 2)
(a) Les Grecs sont les plus gros fumeurs dEurope.
Vrai
355
(b) Selon la loi, les Grecs ne peuvent fumer que dans les hpitaux.
Faux
(c) La Grce est le deuxime pays producteur de tabac dEurope.
Vrai
(d) Linterdiction va amliorer la sant publique .
Vrai
Section B
General Instructions (30 Marks)
1. The Marking Scheme carries only Guidelines and does not constitute
the complete answer. The students can have their own expression and
marks should be awarded according to the childs originality or
creativity.
2. If a candidate exceeds the word limit by 10 words in any of the writing
skills, no marks should be deducted. If any writing skill exceeds beyond
these 10 extra words, 1 mark should be deducted.
3. 1 mark to be deducted for 10 errors according to CBSE.
4. A minimum of 4 out of 10 and 2 out of 5 must be awarded for the
childs effort to express himself / herself in French (As per Guidelines
for finalisation of marking scheme issued by CBSE)
5. Full marks may be awarded for any deserving answer in section B.
6. i) In case a child attempts both parts in a choice question, the
better answer may be considered since this is a foreign language paper.
ii) In case a child crosses out both the parts of a choice question,
the first option may be read and awarded marks.
IMP :Misinterpretation of the question should not lead to the student losing
marks for format, creativity and grammar
2. Ecrivez une lettre denviron 80 mots: (10 marks)
(i) votre sur lui conseillant comment soccuper de son jardin.
OU
356
(ii) vos grands-parents leur dcrivant votre nouveau boulot.
(a) Format - 4 marks (2 marks for place, date, name of addressee, introduction)
(2 marks for ending expression(s) / sentences and name
of the writer).
(b) Idea and creativity - 4 marks
(c) Content, Accuracy in Interpretation and Presentation - 2 marks
(d) Grammatical errors -(Maximum 2 marks may be deducted for grammatical
errors. Minor spelling errors may be overlooked.)
Any appropriate or relevant approach to these open ended topics may
be accepted. Textual phrases / expressions or students own original
expressions may be considered correct.
No marks to be deducted for signing off done either on left / right.
Making / Absence of Indent / Paragraph should not lead to deduction
of marks.
3. Composez un dialogue denviron 40 mots sur un des sujets : (5 marks)
(i) Vous tes all chez le dentiste. Parlez avec lui.
OU
(ii) Votre ami/ amie vient de recevoir son permis de conduire. Donnez-lui
des conseils.
(a) Format - 1 mark
(b) Content& fluency - 3 marks
(c) Creativity - 1 mark
(i) For dialogue at the dentist, a mention of tooth problem / ache is
necessary.
(ii) For dialogue about driving licence, a sentence related to driving /
driving rules is necessary.
4. (i) Donnez la recette dun plat qui est facile prparer. (30 mots) (5 marks)
For the word limit of the recipe, ingredients may not be counted.
(a) Format - 1 mark (title, ingredients)
357
(b) Method - 3 marks
(c) Grammar - 1 mark (imperatif/ infinitif & tu / vous form)
OU
(ii) Il y a une fte de la musique dans votre quartier. Rdigez une invitation
pour votre cousin/cousine. (30 mots)
(a) Format - 2 marks (name of addressee /date / name of writer / box)
(b) Content & fluency - 3 marks
5. crivez une histoire denviron 100 mots en utilisant les mots donns : (10)
M. Bean - rveur - toujours en retard - pour aller au bureau - ne pas trouver
ses affaires - dernier moment - chercher vtements - quelques fois - oublier
la route - un jour - en retard comme dhabitude - se dpcher - arriver au
bureau - tout le monde rire - pourquoi ? - M. Bean porter des chaussures -
une brune - lautre noire!
(a) Content/ Accuracy - 4 marks (all- words used)
(b) Creativity / Fluency - 3 marks
(c) Grammar / Tenses - 3 marks
Any tense may be accepted
Section C
6. Compltez les tirets avec les articles dfinis, indfinis, partitifs ou contracts : (x10=5)
Les / Des enfants ont organis un pique-nique avec leurs cousins. Ils sont
alls dans un / le beau jardin prs de la / dune gare. Il y a de grands arbres
autour du* parc. Les enfants ont jou au ballon et puis ils se sont promens.
Ils ont mang des / les sandwichs et des / les fruits. Ils nont pas bu de coca
car ils prfrent le th glac.
*For the blank after autour if the child has identified the preposition de
or the gender of the noun le / un, marks should be given.
7. Reliez les phrases avec les pronoms relatifs simples ou composs: (1x5 = 5)
Note: Sentences with pronoms relatifs composs may be considered as
mark for suitable preposition
mark for correct relative pronoun
358
For a sentence with the correct relative pronoun, if the replaced
element is not deleted while writing the correct answer, 1 mark
may be deducted for the entire exercise.
(i) Voici la route pittoresque. Je passe par cette route chaque matin.
Voici la route pittoresque par laquelle je passe chaque matin.
Voici la route pittoresque o je passe chaque matin.
mark may be given for this sentence.
(ii) Son amie vient de la Chine. Elle cherche un nouvel appartement.
Son amie qui vient de la Chine cherche un nouvel appartement. /
Son amie qui cherche un nouvel appartement vient de la Chine. /
Son amie vient de la Chine qui cherche un nouvel appartement..
For: Son amie vient de la Chine o elle cherche un nouvel appartement
mark to be given.
(iii) Tu peux te servir de cette imprimante. Je nen ai plus besoin.
Tu peux te servir de cette imprimante dont / de laquelle je nai plus besoin.
(iv) Maman adore ce beau livre. Il y a beaucoup dimages dans ce livre.
Maman adore ce beau livre dans lequel / o il y a beaucoup dimages./ Il y a
beaucoup dimages dans ce / le livre que maman adore.
(v) Les franais partiront demain. Je leur ai donn les cadeaux.
Les Franais auxquels / qui j ai donn les cadeaux partiront demain./
Les Franais partiront demain auxquels / qui j ai donn les cadeaux.
For: Les Franais qui partiront demain, je leur ai donn les cadeaux.
mark to be given.
8. Corrigez les fautes et soulignez les rponses : (1x5 = 5)
Harish est malade. Il souffre beaucoup. Il a attrap froid. Il a un nez qui
coule et il tousse toute la nuit. Il consulte le mdecin. Le mdecin lui ausculte
et le prescrit une ordonnance. Harish suivre le traitement.
Note: Any other erroneous correction(s) made by the student other than the
errors given, may be overlooked.
359
Harish est malade. Il souffre beaucoup. Il a attrap froid. Il a un nez qui coule et il
tousse toute la nuit. Il consulte le mdecin. [Le mdecin l ausculte et lui prescrit une
ordonnance.] * Harish suit / suivra / suivrait le traitement.
(any other correctly conjugated tense may be given mark)
* [ ] HOTS
9. Remplacez les noms avec des pronoms personnels : (1x5 = 5)
Note: For this exercise if the pronoun is correct but it is placed incorrectly
or if the order of the double pronoun is incorrect, mark is to be given for
each pronoun.
(i) Avez-vous compris les rgles du jeu ?
Les avez-vous comprises?
Instead of replacing, if the child has replied to this question correctly,
no marks to be deducted
If along with the pronoun Les, the child has also written -en no
marks to be deducted for en.
If accord is not there, mark is to be deducted.
(ii) Nous ne visiterons pas ton frre et toi ce soir. [HOTS]
Nous ne vous visiterons pas ce soir.
(iii) Montre ton cahier ton professeur !
Montre - le - lui ! (1 + 1)
(iv) Ce sont les garons qui sont arrivs en retard.
Ce sont eux qui sont arrivs en retard.
10. Mettez les verbes aux temps convenables : (5)
(i) Il faut que tu (mettre) ta calculatrice dans ton sac.
For metes or mette is to be awarded for identification of tense.
(ii) Si nous (tudier) rgulirement nous naurions plus de problmes de
grammaire.
For tudions mark is to be given.
360
(iii) Jai regard le petit (courir) vers sa maman et je (sourire).
For en courant / courrant / couriant, mark is to be given
In case of a minor error (for sourire), mark is to be given.
(iv) Lorsque Maggie (retenir) nos places au thtre, elle ma tlphon.
For a composed tense, 1 mark can be considered as + .
11. Changez au discours direct ou indirect selon le cas: (1x5 = 5)
Note:No mark to be cut for punctuation.
In this entire exercise mark can be deducted for every 2-3 mistakes.
Any verb other than the verb given in the principal clause may be
accepted.
(i) Ma grand-mre me conseille : Rveille-toi tt chaque matin et fais
du yoga!
Ma grand-mre me conseille de me rveiller tt chaque matin et de faire du
yoga.
No marks to be deducted if de is not written before faire.
(ii) La directrice dclare que lcole sera ferme pour une semaine cause
de la grippe.
La directrice dclare, l cole sera ferme pour une semaine cause de la
grippe.
(iii) Carmen demande son frre ce quil a fait pendant son sjour Paris.
Cannen demande son frre. Ques-ce que tu as / vous avez fait pendant
ton / votre sjour Paris?
Carmen demande son frre, Quas-tu / Qu avez-vous fait pendant ton /
votre sjour Paris?
Carmen demande son frre.Quest-ce quil a fait pendant son sjour
Paris?
mark for Que tu as fait / Quest-ce que as - tu / avez - vous fait
(iv) Alex demande la bibliothcaire : Puis-je emprunter ce roman pour
deux semaines ?
361
Alex demande la bibliothcaire sil peut / si elle peut / si je peux emprunter
ce roman pour deux semaines.
(v) Rohan demande son cousin: O fteras-tu ton anniversaire ?
Rohan demande son cousin o il ftera son anniversaire / tu fteras ton
anniversaire.
12. Retrouvez les phrases : (1x5 = 5)
Change in order of the clauses should not lead to deduction of marks.
If 3-4 words in a sentence form an expression, marks should be given.
2 errors should be overlooked.
(i) servons / des / de / VISA / nous / nous / choses / carte / acheter / pour.
Nous nous servons de carte VISA pour acheter des choses. /
Nous servons de carte VISA pour nous acheter des choses. /
Nous servons de carte VISA pour acheter des choses.
(ii) professeur / avez / votre / votre / si / veut / complt / savoir / vous /
devoir.
Votre professeur veut savoir si vous avez complt votre devoir./
Si vous avez complt votre devoir, votre professeur veut savoir.
(iii) Il / tu / rponses / que j soigneusement / est / important / les / crives.
Il est important que tu crives soigneusement les rponses.
The placement of soigneusement should not lead to deduction of
marks.
(iv) de / de / trop / vitez / / conduire / pointe / l / vite / heure.
Evitez de conduire trop vite lheure de pointe.
(v) partis / les / en / chantant / dansant / enfants / sont / et / en.
Les enfants sont partis en chantant et en dansant / En dansant et en chantant,
les enfants sont partis.
362
Section D
1) Relevant facts related to the question should be marked correct.
2) Same Ans / Information as given in text but expressed in the students
own words should be accepted.
3) Missing or incorrect accents & minor spelling errors (upto 1 or 2 letters)
should be overlooked.
4) Relevant facts even without complete sentence formation must be
accepted.
5) For questions where 2 - 3 points are required, 2 marks should be
awarded for 3 points, 1 marks for 2 points and 1 mark for 1 point.
7) If a candidate attempts all the 7 answers instead of any 6, the six
better answers may be considered since this is a foreign language.
13. Rpondez six des questions suivantes : (2x6 = 12)
(i) Que peut-on emprunter dune bibliothque? Nommez quatre choses.
A la bibliothque, on peut emprunter des romans, des bandes dessines /
BD, des disques / CD, des cassettes. des diapos, des livres. des revues, des
documentaires / contes / fables / reveues.
Any 4 things to be awarded full marks
No mark to be deducted for omission of articles.
(ii) Quest-ce que cest le thtre ?
Le thtre est un lieu / une salle / un endroit ou on peut regarder / voir /
assister une pice / une pice de thtre / un drame / une comdie
any one of these underlined key words appearing in the answer should
be given full marks
(iii) Que savez-vous du Tour de France ?
Le Tour de France est la plus clbre des courses cyclistes de France,
organise chaque anne par tapes sur un long circuit de route franaise. Il a
lieu chaque anne en juillet.
Key words : course cycliste, chaque anne, long circuit, route-franaise,
en juillet. For use of any 3 words, full marks should be given
363
(iv) Quest-ce que cest le gratin dauphinois ?
<< Le gratin dauphinois >> est un plat franais / de Grenoble, cuisin / prpar
/ fait avec de la crme frache et des lardons.
Key words are : plat, crme frache, lardons.
(v) Quelle est l origine de Paris?
Autrefois Paris tait un petit village bti / construit sur deux les dans / sur la
Seine.
Key words are village, les , la Seine. Any 2 words should be given full
marks
(vi) Que savez -vous du CROUS?
Le CROUS, le Centre Rgional des Oeuvres Universitaires et Scolaires, est
un tablissement public caractre administratif qui a pour mission de favoriser
lamlioration des conditions de vie et de travail des tudiants. .
Full marks to awarded for only writing full form of abbreviation.
Keywords for this answer are : Etablissement public / administratif /
amliorer / vie / travail / tudiant
Presence of any two / three expressions / words from those underlined
above should be given full marks
(vii) Quest-ce que cest quun quotidien ? Nommez-en un.
Un quotidien est un journal qui parat / sort chaque jour / une fois par jour /
tous les jours / toujours. Le Monde / Le Figaro / Hindustan Times / Times of
India etc.
Any of the above mentioned / any other french / indian dailys name
should be accepted
14. Reliez les colonnes A et B et rcrivez : (x8 = 4)
Colonne A Colonne B
(i) Mont Blanc (a) une montagne
(ii) Plus on est de fous (b) plus on rit
(iii) Les autoroutes (c) 130km/h
(iv) Un pansement (d) la pharmacie
364
(v) Ieoh Ming Pei (e) la cour Napolon
(vi) Grandes Lignes (f) gare SNCF
(vii) Cidre (g) Boisson
(viii) La Sorbonne (h) universit Paris
15. Dites Vrai au Faux: (x8 = 4)
(i) Le Petit Prince est une pice de Molire.. Faux
(ii) Le Jura est un fleuve franais. Faux
(iii) Le boeuf bourguignon est un vin connu. Faux
(iv) Le Panchatantra est une collection de fables. Vrai
(v) Alexandre Dumas est un sculpteur franais. Faux
(vi) La Corse est une petite le. Vrai
(vii) Van Gogh a fait une peinture de lui-mme. Vrai
(viii) Un systme informatique comprend une disquette. Vrai / Faux
Both Vrai or Faux should be given correct for this answer since
disquetteis listed as a part of units de priphrique in the text
which in turn is a part of systme informatique'.
Section A
(20 Marks)
1. No marks are to be deducted for omission of articles, incorrect articles,
minor spelling errors, accents, punctuations
2. Referring to the marking scheme existing in class IX - workbook Pg
33, no marks are to be deducted for grammatical errors if relevant lines
or phrases have been identified from the texts.
Des tours avec votre chien
Si votre chien a besoin dexercice physique, noubliez pas son mental.
365
En effet, utiliser son intelligence, cest une ncessit naturelle. Et, si ce
besoin nest pas satisfait, il peut devenir un chien problmes, un chien
malheureux, ou les deux.
Par ailleurs; la plupart des toutous ne soccupent pas seuls, ils attendent
que le chef de la muette prenne linitiative.
Voici donc quelques ides amusantes pour solliciter les neurones de votre
quatre-pattes, prsentes par Isabelle Buol, ducatrice canine, avec la
complicit de son berger des Pyrnes Anou .
Certains de ces tours sont plus difficiles raliser que dautres. Allez-y pas
pas, en encourageant bien le chien, chaque fois, et en le rcompensant.
Et vous verrez, plus vous solliciterez, plus il apprendra rapidement. Et plus
il vous patera.
Toutefois, vitez de faire de trop longues sances. Lidal serait de prvoir
trois ou quatre petits entranements de cinq minutes par jour. Vous viterez
ainsi que le chien ne se dconcentre et ne se dmotive.
(pater : to amaze) (Le Matin)
(i) Rpondez aux questions suivantes : (2x3 = 6)
(a) Il ne faut pas oublier le mental du chien. Pourquoi ?
En effet, utiliser son intelligence c est une ncessit naturelle. Si ce
besoin n'est pas satisfait, il peut devenir un chien problmes, un chien
malheureux ou les deux.
OU
Par ailleurs: la plupart des toutous ne soccupent pas seuls, ils attendent
que le chef de la muette prenne l'initiative.
Key words are - intelligence, ncessit naturelle, chien
problmes, un chien malheureux, besoin n 'est pas satisfait.
If any two or three points are written full marks are to be given.
If the child has written :
Si votre chien a besoin d'exercice physique, noubliez pas son
mental, 1 mark to be given.
(b) Que doit-on faire pour entraner le chien?
Allez-y pas pas, en encourageant bien le chien, chaque fois, et en le
rcompensant.
366
OU
Certains de ces tours sont plus difficiles raliser que dautres. Allez-y
pas pas, en encourageant bien le chien, chaque fois, et en le
rcompensant.
If any two or three points are written/full marks to be given.
OU
Et vous verrez, plus vous solliciterez, plus il apprendra rapidement. Et
plus il vous patera.
OU
Toutefois, vitez de faire de trop longues sances. Lidal serait de
prvoir trois ou quatre petits entranements de cinq minutes par jour.
If the child has written:
La plupart des toutous ne soccupent pas seuls, ils attendent
que le chef de la muette prenne l'initiative,' 1 mark to be given
(c) Que doit-on viter quand on entrane ?
Toutefois vitez de faire de trop longues sances. L'idal serait de
prvoir trois ou quatre petits entranements de cinq minutes par jour.
Vous viterez ainsi que le chien ne se dconcentre et ne se dmotive.
Key words are: vitez, trop longues sances, trois ou quatre petits
entranements, cinq minutes par jour, ne se dconcentre, ne se
dmotive.
If two or three points are written full marks to be given.
If the child has written:
'Vous viterez ainsi que le chien ne se dconcentre et ne se
dmotive,' 1 mark to be given.
(ii) Donnez la forme nominale des verbes : (x6 = 3)
Any noun given by the student which is close in sound / spelling, may
be given marks
i. Utiliser- utilisation / utilisateur / utilit
ii Attendre - attente / attention
367
iii. Encourager- encouragement / encourageur / encourageant*
iv. Dmotiver - dmotivation / dmotivateur / dmotive*
v. Rcompenser - rcompense / rcompense / rcompensation /
rcompensement / rcompensant* (any non verbal word to be accepted)
vi. Raliser- ralisation / ralisateur
* these words may be given right as they appear in the text
(iii) Donnez le contraire de ces mots: (x6 = 3)
i. rcompenser punir (or any attempted answer to be given right)
ii. rapidement lentement / doucement
iii. naturelle artificielle / artificiel (or any attempted answer given by
the student to be given right)
iv. difficile facile / simple
v. amusante ennuyeuse / ennuyeux / triste / tragique / srieux / grave /
terrible
vi. malheureux heureux / content / gai
(iv) Compltez avec un/des mots du texte : (x4 = 2)
(a) vitez / n' oubliez pas. Any relevant verb from the text may be
accepted
(b) rapidement / pas pas / seul (e) / bien / chaque fois / plus / toutefois
(c) satisfait / malheureux / pat(er) / amus / dmotive / encourag
(d) problmes (ncessit(s) / complicit(s) / besoin(s) may also be
considered)
(v) Trouvez dans le texte : (x2 = 1)
(a) un verbe au temps subjonctif.
prenne / dconcentre / dmotive / soccupent
(b) un verbe au temps conditionnel.
serait
368
SECTION B
General Instructions (30 Marks)
1. The Marking Scheme carries only Guidelines and does not constitute
the complete answer. The students can have their own expression and
marks should be awarded according to the childs originality or
creativity.
2. If a candidate exceeds the word limit by 10 words in any of the writing
skills, no marks should be deducted. If any writing skill exceeds beyond
these 10 extra words, 1 mark should be deducted.
3. 1 mark to be deducted for 10 errors according to CBSE.
4. A minimum of 4 out of 10 and 2 out of 5 must be awarded for the
childs effort to express himself / herself in French (As per Guidelines
for finalisation of marking scheme issued by CBSE)
5. Full marks may be awarded for any deserving answer in section B.
6. i) In case a child attempts both parts in a choice question, the
better answer may be considered since this is a foreign language paper.
ii) In case a child crosses out both the parts of a choice question, the first
option may be read and awarded marks.
IMP :Misinterpretation of the question should not lead to the student losing
marks for format, creativity and grammar
2. Ecrivez une lettre denviron 80 mots: (10 marks)
(i) votre ami qui est au chmage. Donnez-lui des conseils.
OU
(ii) vos grands-parents dcrivant votre visite Paris.
(a) Format - 4 marks (2 marks for place, date, name of addressee, introduction)
(2 marks for ending expression(s) / sentences and name
of the writer) .
(b) Idea and creativity - 4 marks
(c) Content, Accuracy in Interpretation and Presentation - 2 marks
369
(d) Grammatical errors -(Maximum 2 marks may be deducted for grammatical
errors. Minor spelling errors may be overlooked.)
Any appropriate or relevant approach to these open ended topics may
be accepted. Textual phrases / expressions or students own original
expressions may be considered correct.
No marks to be deducted for signing off done either on left / right.
Making / Absence of Indent / Paragraph should not lead to deduction
of marks.
3. Composez un dialogue denviron 40 mots sur un des sujets : (5)
(i) Vous allez chez le mdecin car vous ne vous sentez pas bien.
OU
(ii) Vous discutez avec vos amis vos projets aprs vos examens.
Projets could mean plans related to or not related to studies
(a) Format - 1 mark
(b) Content & fluency - 3 marks
(c) Creativity - 1 mark
4. (i) Vous rentrerez en retard de votre lyce cet aprs-midi. Laissez un message
vos parents (30 mots). (5)
(a) Format - 2 marks (name of addressee /date / name of writer / Box)
(b) Content & f1uency - 3 marks
OU
(ii) Donnez la recette dun dessert franais (denviron 30 mots).
Any recipe of a dessert should be accepted
(a) Format - 1 mark (Title, ingredients)
(b) Method - 3 marks
(c) Grammar - 1 mark (imperatif / infinitif & tu / vous form)
5. crivez une histoire denviron 100 mots en utilisant les mots donns :
Voyager - train - aller chez mes grands-parents - beaucoup de passagers -
370
bavarder - manger - jouer aux cartes - avoir sommeil sendormir - soudain
- voyageur sasseoir ct de moi - cest George Clooney! - parler de son
prochain film - me vouloir comme actrice - tre ravie - sursauter - tomber -
quel beau rve !!!
(a) Content / Accuracy - 4 marks (all words used)
(b) Creativity / Fluency - 3 marks
(c) Grammar / Tenses - 3 marks
Any tense should be accepted
Note:The last five clues are difficult to comprehend. The coherence /
structuring of these clues for the conclusion of the story would be
marked as per the examiners discretion
SECTION C
6. Remplissez les tirets en utilisant des articles: (1x5 = 5)
Claire est toujours malade. Pourquoi ? Elle ne mange pas de lgumes et elle
naime pas la viande. Elle mange des / les sucreries et des / les pizzas. Elle
ne boit que du / le* coca. Quelle btise !
* for writing de mark to be given
7. Mettez les verbes aux temps convenables : (1x5 = 5)
(i) Hier, quand Nafisa (aller) au bureau, elle (rencontrer) son ami
denfance en route.
est alle, a rencontr / est alle, avait rencontr / allait, a rencontr
For tait alle, a rencontr 1 mark should be given
(ii) Lve-toi sil te plat, le chef arrive!
Lves - toi / leve - toi / levez - vous / lve, mark to be given
(iii) Si vous riiez trop, vous auriez des larmes aux yeux.
riez / aviez ri mark to be given
(iv) Je me suis endormie en coutant / coutant le discours ennuyeux,
en coutent mark to be given
371
8. Mettez les verbes au subjonctif : (1x5 = 5)
Minor spelling errors for this exercise may be marked at the examiners
discretion
(i) Il faut que tu sois calme avant de commencer lexamen.
soit mark to be awarded for correct identification
(ii) La police exige que tout le monde sache bien les codes de la route.
saches / sachent, mark to be given
(iii) Cest ncessaire que vous fassiez la valise avant de voyager.
'faissiez/fassez' mark to be given
(iv) Je ne veux que Pauline parte ce soir.
part will be accepted due to the absence of pas in the question
(v) Il est important que nous soulignions les rponses.
9. Remplissez les tirets en utilisant ladjectif ou le pronom dmonstratif : (x10 = 5)
Note: No marks to be deducted for the absence or presence of ci or l
(i) Cette photo est magnifique mais je prfre celle qui est contre le mur.
(ii) Lesquels de ces parfums prfres-tu, celui - ci / ceux - ci / ceci ou celui
- l / ceux - l / cela ?
(iii) Mon ordinateur marche bien, mais celui d Alec est en panne.
(iv) Cette pice de Molire est plus intressante que celle que jai lue
hier.
(v) Voudriez-vous ceux - ci / celles-ci / ceci / celui - ci / celle -ci ou ceux
-l / celles -l / cela / celui - l / celle - l, madame?
10. Rpondez aux questions en utilisant le pronom personnel: (1x5 = 5)
For this exercise, if the pronoun is correct but it is placed incorrectly or if
the order of the double pronoun is incorrect, mark is to be given.
The nouns are not underlined in this question. Therefore, if a sentence is
correct with even one pronoun, he /she should be given 2 marks for sentence
no (i) and (iii).
Absence of oui / non should not be considered for marking this exercise.
372
(i) As-tu mis les tomates dans le bol ?
Oui, je les y ai mises.
Absence of agreement may lead to deduction of only mark
(ii) Est-ce quelles vont acheter ces feutres ?
Oui, elles vont les acheter.
(iii) Conduira-t-il sa soeur et toi au cirque?
Oui, il nous / vous y conduira.
11. Formez les questions pour les rponses suivantes : (1x5 = 5)
Note : Absence of inversion should not lead to any deduction of marks.
(i) Il est arriv hier soir.
Quand / A quelle heure est - il arriv?
(ii) Si, elle maccompagnera.
Est - ce quelle ne t / vous accompagnera pas?
Est - ce qu elle te / vous accompagnera ? a grammatically correct
affirmative question may be given mark
(iii) Ce cartable est Nadine.
A qui est ce cartable ? / A qui est - ce que ce cartable est ?
For absence of A examiner may deduct mark.
Quest - ce qui est Nadine ? the examiner may give mark
(iv) Laxmi en a beaucoup.
Combien de (livres / robes, etc.) Laxmi a - t - elle?
En a-t-elle combien?
'En a-t-elle beaucoup? / Est-ce que Laxmi a beaucoup de stylos / robes
etc.? mark to be awarded
(v) Les images sont jolies.
Quest - ce qui est joli ?
Comment sont les images? mark to be given
373
Quest - ce quest joli / jolie ? mark to be given
lf verb is in plural form and adjective is not in masculine singular
form marks may be given as per examiners discretion.
12. Mettez au discours direct ou indirect selon le cas: (5)
Note:No mark to be cut for punctuation.
In this entire exercise mark can be deducted for every 2-3 mistakes.
Any verb other than the verb given in the principal clause may be
accepted.
(i) quelle heure me tlphoneras-tu ? ma cousine me demande.
Ma cousine me demande quelle heure je lui tlphonerai / tu me tlphoneras.
(ii) Nathalie demande ses amis : Vous rencontrerez-vous devant le
cinma?
Nathalie demande ses amis sils (se) rencontreront / rencontrent devant le
cinma /
Nathalie demande ses amis si vous vous rencontrerez / rencontrez devant le
cinma
(iii) Son pre lui demande ce quil a appris dans la classe.
Son pre lui demande: Quest - ce que tu as / il a / vous avez appris dans la
classe ? /
Son pre lui demande: Quas - tu / avez - vous appris dans la classe ?
If a child just copies the sentence ce qu il a appris dans la classe.
mark to be given
(iv) Le professeur dAhmad lui conseille : Ne sois pas dans le nuage et
tudie bien!
Le professeur dAhmad lui conseille de ne pas tre dans les nuages et de bien
tudier / dtudier bien.
If de is not repeated before tudier, it should not lead to deduction
of mark
(v) Mohan annonce quil se couchera toute la journe.
Mohan annonce: Je me coucherai toute la journe / il se couchera toute la
journe.
374
SECTION D
1) Relevant / facts related to the question should be marked correct.
2) Same Ans / Information as given in text but expressed in the students
own words should be accepted.
3) Missing or incorrect accents & minor spelling errors (upto 1 or 2 letters)
should be overlooked.
4) Relevant facts even without complete sentence formation must be
accepted.
5) For questions where 2 - 3 points are required, 2 marks should be
awarded for 3 points, 1 marks for 2 points and 1 mark for 1 point.
7) If a candidate attempts all the 7 answers instead of any 6, the six
better answers may be considered since this is a foreign language.
13. Rpondez six des questions suivantes : (12)
(i) quoi sert la Carte Imagine R ?
La Carte Imagine R sert faire des voyages (un nombre illimit de voyages)
sert voyager sur - tous les transports de-l'le de France / mtro, bus, tram,
train, RER.
Key words for this answer are: voyager, transports / mtro, bus,
tram, train, RER.
Any two of the key words should be given full marks.
(ii) Quelles sont les formalits pour sinscrire la bibliothque ?
Pour sinscrire la bibliothque, il faut avoir:
a) Une pice/ carte didentit.
b) Une autorisation / lettre / permission des parents.
c) Une quittance / addition dlectricit (ou de loyer de moins de 3 mois.)
Any two points deserve full marks.
(iii) Quest-ce que cest zapper ? Nommez deux chanes de tlvision
franaise.
375
Zapper cest passer / changer / aller dune chane l'autre. TV5 / ARTE /
Canal + / Paris Premire/ TF1 /France 3 : chanes de tlvision franaise.
(1 + 1 mark)
Key words are any of the verbs & chane.
Marks to be given if any of these key words are written.
Any other phrase with the word chane should fetch mark.
Any other french channel given by the student may be accepted
(iv) Quest-ce que cest La France daprs vous ?
Daprs moi,la France est la mode / le vin / la gastronomie / la politesse / le
fromage / le parfum / lart de vivre / la Tour Eiffel / la bonne cuisine / la
musique / les vacances / le sport / la technologie / le caf / l architecture / les
arts / les monuments. etc.
Any three points given in the text or any other relevant points
given by the student should be given full marks.
(v) Que faites-vous quand vous avez mal aux yeux ?
Quand j'ai mal aux yeux je mets des collyres, je consulte / vais chez le mdecin,
je prends des mdicaments, je lave les yeux.
Any one of the above key points to be given full marks.
(vi) quoi sert le Minitel ?
Le Minitel aide trouver nimporte quelle information importante comme le
titre d' un ouvrage ou la revue dun film. Il aide chercher le prix dun produit
et le commander. On peut faire ou annuler une rservation laide dun
minitel.
Key words are information / le titre dun ouvrage / la revue dun
film / chercher prix / commander / annuler / faire une rservation.
Any two / three points to be accepted and given full marks.
(vii) Que savez-vous du festival de Cannes?
Le festival de Cannes est le festival annuel du cinma qui se droule au mois
de mai. Les meilleurs films des pays invits au festival passent devant un jury
pour gagner la Palme dOr / le prix.
376
Key words are annuel / cinma / mai / jury / meilleur film / la
Palme dOr / prix.
Any two / three points to be accepted and given full marks.
14. Reliez les colonnes A et B et rcrivez : (x8 = 4)
Colonne A Colonne B
(i) Eurostar (a) Eurotunnel
(ii) Une boisson (b) cidre
(iii) Une plaie (c) un pansement
(iv) Sorbonne (d) universit
(v) Cline Dion (e) chanteuse
(vi) Malin (f) comme un singe
(vii) La Fontaine (g) Fables
(viii) Prsident (h) cinq ans
15. Compltez les tirets : (x8 = 4)
i. LAngleterre / La Suisse / LItalie/ lEspagne / LAllemagne / La Belgique / le
Luxembourg (any two)
Articles may be ignored
ii. Ecrivain /auteur / savant / philosophe / homme
iii. God of Small Things
iv. La Seine / La Loire / La Garonne / Le Rhne / Le Rhin (with or without an
article to be given marks)
v Aprs la pluie / faire la pluie et, le beau temps
vi. Faire la cuisine / faire le mnage / faire la lessive / faire les courses / faire le
jardinage / faire le nettoyage / faire la vaisselle (with or without the word
faire, marks to be given. Any other relevant answer also to be given
marks)
377
(Code 5A) 1
378
(Code 5A) 2
379
(Code 5A) 3
380
(Code 5A) 4
381
(Code 5A) 5
382
(Code 5A) 6
383
CODE No. 5A URDU (COURSE A)
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
(CODE 5B)
401
(CODE 5B)
402
(CODE 5B)
403
(CODE 5B)
404
(CODE 5B)
405
(CODE 5B)
406
CODE No. 5B URDU (COURSE B)
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432

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MARKING SCHEME

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ni-=| = =|n = =+- == - =| -||+ ===|= inir|)+

|:|| = in) +i- =-| r+

==|, =|i=n = + =+|=|, i.-:|| =| r||i-:|| ==|, n=-:= =|

r=| r| =|) i= ==|= + = = -|| =r++ | =r| r i===

Area of shaded region

Height of tower = (21 + 7) m or 28 m 1 m

Volume of water at the roof = 22 20 h m

(iv) Double displacement / Double decomposition / Precipitation 2

(ii) By anaerobic decomposition of biomass in the presence of micro-

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