Documente Academic
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TOPIC: Carpentry GROUP: B CLASS: SYBBI SUBMITED TO: Prof. Sudhir Purohit
1) Nikita Gagendragadkar 2) Sneha Kamdar 3) Apeksha Gogri 4) Siddhi Vora 5) Altaf Shah
INDEX 1) History of carpentry 2) Tools used in carpentry 3) Function of carpentry tools 4) What is carpentry salary? 5) Types of carpenter
HISTORY OF CARPENTRY
A carpenter (builder) is a skilled craftsperson who works with timber to construct, install and maintain buildings, furniture, and other objects. The work, known as carpentry, may involve manual labor and work outdoors Carpentry skill is gained through experience and study. In some countries (such as the United States), there are no formal training requirements other than in trade unions, and the trade can be easy to enter. In other countries (such as Germany, Japan and Canada) there are strict standards. The word "carpenter" is the English rendering of the Old French word carpentier (become charpentier) which is derived from the Latin carpentrius, "(maker) of a carriage. The Middle English and Scots word (in the sense of "builder") was wrights (from the Old English wryhta), which could be used in compound forms such as wheelwright or boatwright In British slang, a carpenter is sometimes referred to as a "chippy". Carpentry in the United States, India and other countries is almost always done by men. With 98.5% of carpenters being male, it was the fourth most maledominated occupation in the country in 1999
MEASURING TOOLS.
Carpentry Cutting Tools- There are many types of cutting tools that are used by carpenters according to their convenience. While some prefer to use the easily handled circular saws to cut everything from plywood to lumber, others think that table saws are more quick and efficient. There are also the jigsaw which cuts squares, rectangles or large circles in plywood for vent pipes used for many projects like plumbing or water heaters, and electrical conduit.
CUTTING TOOLS. Carpentry Fastening Tools- Woodworking projects also need to be fastened permanently for durability and functionality. Therefore various woodworking fasteners like nails, screws etc. are used and for fixing them, different types of fastening tools are used by the carpenters. These include such carpentry tools as welders, screwdrivers, various guns like staple guns, rivet guns, nail guns, or glue guns. These fastening tools not only permanently fasten pieces of wood together but also fasten other things like handles and hinges to the wood.
FASTENING TOOLS.
Carpentry Drilling Tools- Various types of drills are used for drilling holes in wood for completing a project. Although drills are a multipurpose tool not only used in carpentry but for other purposes too. Drills are affixed with different drill bits for different applications. The drilling tools can cut holes into the pieces of wood, remove or secure screws and also carve into the surface of wood.
DRILLING TOOLS.
Types of Hand Saws Handsaws include several types of saws which look more or less same and are used for cutting of timber from boards and sometimes making larger joints. We give below a list of various types of hand saws with their uses and features: Rip Saw: A ripsaw has large, chisel shaped teeth, usually - teeth per inch, and is made to cut with the wood grain. Blade length differs from 24" to 28". Teeth are cross-filed to assure that the chisel point is set square to the direction of cutting, for best performance. This saw is best held at 60 angle to the surface of the board being cut. The ripping action of the saw produces a coarse, ragged cut which makes the saw unsatisfactory for finish work. Cross Cut Saw: Most commonly used crosscut saws are 10 to 12 point for fine work and 7 or 8 point for faster cutting. Ten teeth per inch is considered general purpose, 12-point being used for cabinet work. Teeth are shaped like knife points to crumble out wood between cuts.Best cutting angle for this saw is about 45. Blade lengths range from 20" to 28", 26" is most popular. Panel: They are smaller in size than a cross cut saw and used for cutting wood across the wood grain. Bow Saw: Bow saws consist of a tubular steel frame and a saw blade for fast cutting of all woods. The bow saw's frame is important, since the thin blade, usually " wide, must be held under high tension for fast cutting. A general purpose saw, it has the advantage of all-round utility and light weight. Coping Saw: Coping saws cut irregular shapes and intricate patterns. They consist of a saw blade and steel tension frame. The blade is removable. Blade sizes range from the rotary or wire type to 1/8" wide. They can make intricate cuts at extreme angles. Pull Saw: It gives a good control and eliminate the chance of the saw kinking in the kerf and particularly used for fine woodcutting, molding and trim. Dovetail Saw: A dovetail saw blade is constructed with the reinforced ridge found on a backsaw, giving it added rigidity and greater precision. This saw cuts a true, smooth, narrow kerf. It has a straight handle for precise, positive grip. Teeth are very fine for smooth work. Dovetails are used in picture framing, cabinet work, toy making, etc.
Keyhole Saw: Keyhole or compass saws cut curved or straight-sided holes. Saw blades are narrow, tapered nearly to a point to fit into most spaces. Blades come in three or four styles that can be changed to fit the job. Turret-head keyhole blades can be rotated and locked in several positions for easier cutting in tight, awkward spots. Drywall Saw/ Wall board Saw: This saw resembles a kitchen knife in design. It will cut plasterboard in the same fashion as a keyhole saw and is used for sawing holes for electric outlets, switchplates, etc. The saw is self-starting with a sharp point for plunge cuts. Wallboard or drywall saws may also have induction teeth for longer life, without sharpening. Hacksaw: Specially designed for metal cutting, this type of saw has very fine teeth and thin blades, held under tension in a steel frame. Veneer saw: Veneer saws are specially designed for sawing thin materials such as wood paneling. The blade is curved downward at the end, with cutting teeth on the curved part of the back to saw slots or grooves in the panel with minimum damage. Standard saw lengths are about 12"-13", with 14 teeth per inch. Rod saw: Rod saws are a form of hacksaw-type blades, used in regular hacksaw frames and capable of cutting through most hard materials such as spring and stainless steel, chain, brick, glass and tile. The blade consists of a permanently bonded tungsten carbide surface on a steel rod. Since the blade is round, it can cut in any direction. Back Saw: A backsaw is a thick-bladed saw with reinforced back to provide the rigidity necessary in precision cutting. It varies in length from 10" to 30" and is found in tooth counts from seven to 14 teeth per inch. Features of Saws Some features common in saws are as follows:
Tempered alloy blades: Lower grade steel quickly loses sharp edge but is easy to sharpen. Rust-resistant or Teflon-S blade finish : Teflon-coated handsaws reduce many binding and residue build-up problems inherent to wood cutting. Reduced friction or drag makes for smoother, easier cutting.
Hardwood or sturdy plastic handle. Special aluminum or plated-steel nuts and bolts to fasten blade to handle. Taper-ground blades, thicker at the cutting edge, to prevent binding in the cut. Bevel-filed teeth evenly set in two alternate rows, one row to the right of center, one row to the left; produces a groove or kerf slightly wider than the thickest part of the blade; prevents or reduces binding while sawing.
TYPES OF CARPENTER
FINISH CARPENTER:
A finish carpenter (North America) also called a joiner (traditional name now obselete in North America) is one who does finish carpentry; that is, cabinetry, furniture making, fine woodworking, model building, instrument making, parquetry, joinery, or other carpentry where exact joints and minimal margins of error are important. Some large-scale construction may be of an exactitude and artistry that it is classed as finish carpentry. TRIM CARPENTER: A trim carpenter specializes in molding and trim, such as door and window casings, mantels, baseboard, and other types of ornamental work. Cabinet installers may also be referred to as trim carpenters. CABINETMAKER CARPENTER A cabinetmaker is a carpenter who does fine and detailed work specializing in the making of cabinets made from wood, wardrobes, dressers, storage chests, and other furniture designed for storage. SHIPS CARPENTER: A ship's carpenter specializes in shipbuilding, maintenance, and repair techniques (see also shipwright) and carpentry specific to nautical needs; usually the term refers to a carpenter who has a post on a specific ship. Steel warships as well as wooden ones need ship's carpenters, especially for making emergency repairs in the case of battle or storm damage. SCENIC CARPENTER: A scenic carpenter in filmmaking, television, and the theater builds and dismantles temporary scenery and sets.