Appendix D

Biology 100 Section 002 Spring 2012 Name: _________________________________ Please answer the following questions by clearly circling your answer. There are 33 questions worth 3 points each, for 100 points total (you get one free point for showing up). There is one extra credit question at the end that is worth 5 points, making it possible to score 105 out of 100 points on this exam. Please ask questions if you dont understand a question and good luck! 1. What is the central dogma of molecular biology? A. RNA makes protein makes DNA B. DNA makes RNA makes protein C. Protein makes RNA makes DNA 2. In dogs, short hair is dominant (H), whereas long hair is recessive (h). What phenotype does a hh dog have? A. Long hair B. Short hair C. Intermediate-length hair 3. What is the most important type of gene regulation in eukaryotes? A. DNA unpacking B. Transcriptional control C. RNA splicing 4. What is the DNA complement of this DNA sequence? ATCACCGGATGC A. CGTAGGCCACTA B. TAGTGGCCTACG C. UAGUGGCCUACG 5. The DNA in skin cells contains genes for which of the following? A. Skin color B. Hair color C. Both skin color and hair color 6. If two animals are heterozygous for a single gene and have 100 offspring, approximately how many of the offspring will exhibit the dominant phenotype? A. 75 B. 50 C. 25 7. TPOX is one of the STRs that are used to compare DNA between different people. Why is TPOX useful for comparing DNA between different people? A. TPOX varies in the number of repeats between people B. TPOX varies in sequence between people C. TPOX is only present in some peoples genomes 8. If you inherit two identical copies of a gene from your parents, you are said to be ____________ for that gene. A. Recombinant B. Heterozygous C. Homozygous 9. What is the main difference between DNA and RNA? A. RNA is longer than DNA B. DNA uses the base T, whereas RNA uses the base U C. DNA uses the base U, whereas RNA uses the base T Exam 3 3.29.12

Appendix D
Name: ___________________

Use the figure to the right for the next three questions. Each band in the ladder is in 100 base increments, starting with 100 bases at the bottom and going to 700 bases at the top. 10. Of the four DNA molecules shown (A, B, C, and D), which is the longest? A. Molecule A B. Molecule B C. Molecule C D. Molecule D 11. Approximately how many bases are in DNA molecule C? A. 480 bases B. 520 bases C. 600 bases 12. If DNA molecules A and D are STRs from two different people, what can you say about them? A. STR A is longer than STR D B. The sequence of STR A is different than the sequence of STR D C. STR A is shorter than the STR D 13. What is the name of the method that is used to make billions of copies of DNA? A. CODIS B. STR C. PCR 14. Imagine John Horner was successful in creating a male chickensaurus by turning on and off genes in somatic cells during the development of a chicken embryo. If this male chickensaurus mated with a normal female chicken, what kind of offspring would they have? A. A chickensaurus B. A normal chicken C. Part chicken, part chickensaurus 15. What is the transcription product of this sequence? GCTAGCGATGAC A. CGAUCGCUACUG B. CAGTAGCGATCG C. CGATCGCTACTG 16. A mutation in DNA changes a codon from ACU to ACG. What happens to the amino acid this codon codes for? A. The amino acid stays the same B. It changes from one amino to another C. The amino acid is deleted 17. What is the first step towards turning a gene on through transcriptional control? A. RNA polymerase binds the promoter B. Transcription factors bind the promoter C. Activators bind enhancers 18. Why do DNA molecules move from the top (negatively charged) to the bottom (positively charged) in gel electrophoresis? A. Because DNA is negatively charged B. Because DNA is neutrally charged C. Because DNA is positively charged

Appendix D
Name: ___________________ Use the figure to the right for the next two questions. Each band in the ladder is in 100 base increments, starting with 100 bases at the bottom and going to 700 bases at the top. CS crime scene; S1 suspect 1; S2 suspect 2; S3 suspect 3 19. Based on the results in the figure to the right, what suspect likely committed the crime? A. Suspect 1 B. Suspect 2 C. Suspect 3 D. You dont have enough information to know 20. What is this method that you used in the previous question called? A. PCR B. STR analysis C. Translation 21. What is the translation product of this sequence? AUGGCAUGCGAUUGC A. Met Ala Trp Asp Stop B. Met Ala Cys Asp Cys C. TACCGTACGCTAACG 22. What is the difference between a dominant and a recessive allele? A. Dominant alleles are more common in the human population than recessive alleles B. Dominant alleles are always found in homozygous pairs, whereas recessive alleles are always found in heterozygous pairs C. Only one copy of a dominant allele is needed to show its trait, whereas two recessive copies are needed to show its trait 23. What is the molecular basis for genotype and phenotype? A. Genotype is the DNA, and phenotype is the proteins B. Genotype is the RNA, and phenotype is the proteins C. Genotype is the proteins, and phenotype is the DNA 24. The contractile protein myosin is abundant in a muscle cell. Is the gene for myosin turned on in this muscle cell? A. Yes, because the myosin protein is present B. Yes, because the myosin gene is turned on in every cell in the body C. No, because silencers are prohibiting transcription from taking place 25. There is a mutation in a promoter that does not allow RNA polymerase to bind correctly. Will transcription take place? A. Yes, because DNA polymerase and not RNA polymerase is needed for transcription B. No, because the transcription factor / activator complex cant bind the promoter C. No, because if the RNA polymerase cant bind correctly then RNA cant be made 26. A genetic counselor tells you and your partner that you have a 50% chance of having a baby with a recessive disease. If the dominant allele for this disease is D, and the recessive allele is d, what are your and your partners genotypes? A. One is DD and one is dd B. One is Dd and one is Dd C. One is Dd and one is dd 27. What is the definition of a gene? A. A polymer of amino acids B. A trait or characteristic such as eye color C. A discrete unit of hereditary information (DNA)

Appendix D
Name: ___________________ 28. Being able to taste PTC is dominant (T), whereas not being able to taste PTC is recessive (t). If your dad is heterozygous and can taste PTC, and your mom cannot taste PTC, what is the chance that you can taste PTC? A. 75% B. 50% C. 25% 29. In labs, black fur is dominant (B), whereas chocolate fur is recessive (b). A black lab (BB) is bred with a chocolate lab (bb). What is the chance that they have a chocolate lab puppy? A. 100% B. 50% C. 0% 30. What method was used to make dinosaurs in Jurassic Park? A. Cloning B. Gene transfer C. Manipulation of hox genes 31. Different cells in your body make different proteins. Why dont they all make the same proteins? A. Because different cells have different genes B. Because gene expression is regulated C. Because not every cell has a supply of amino acids 32. What type of DNA mutation causes hemoglobin proteins to become mutated in people with sickle cell anemia? A. Substitution B. Insertion C. Deletion 33. A man has a DNA replication error causing a deletion of DNA in a reproductive cell about to enter meiosis. A womans skin cell acquires a substitution mutation during replication prior to mitosis due to the suns radiation. If these two individuals mate, which of the mutations might be passed onto their children? A. The mans deletion mutation B. The womans substitution mutation C. Both mutations are possibly inherited Extra credit: Using your knowledge of the central dogma, determine the end product starting from the DNA sequence below. If you use the one-letter abbreviation of each monomer in the final product, you will spell out a secret message! Make sure to write out all steps in the process and to show your work!

TTA ACG CGA TGA TAT TCG GCC CGG CTA