PROBLEM 1.

55
KNOWN: Top surface of car roof absorbs solar flux, qS,abs , and experiences for case (a): convection with air at T and for case (b): the same convection process and radiation emission from the roof.
FIND: Temperature of the roof, Ts , for the two cases. Effect of airflow on roof temperature. SCHEMATIC:

Roof
ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Steady-state conditions, (2) Negligible heat transfer to auto interior, (3) Negligible radiation from atmosphere. ANALYSIS: (a) Apply an energy balance to the control surfaces shown on the schematic. For an instant of time, Ein Eout = 0. Neglecting radiation emission, the relevant processes are convection between

the plate and the air, q conv , and the absorbed solar flux, qS,abs . Considering the roof to have an area As ,
qS,abs As hAs ( Ts T ) = 0

Ts = T + qS,abs /h Ts = 20 C + 800W/m 2 12W/m 2 K = 20 C + 66.7 C = 86.7 C

<

(b) With radiation emission from the surface, the energy balance has the form

qS,abs As q conv E As = 0
4 qS,abs As hAs ( Ts T ) As Ts = 0 .

Substituting numerical values, with temperature in absolute units (K),

800

W m2

12

W m2 K

( Ts 293K ) 0.8 5.67 108

T4 = 0 2 K4 s m

4 12Ts + 4.536 108 Ts = 4316

It follows that Ts = 320 K = 47C.

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Continued..

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PROBLEM 1.55 (Cont.)

(c) Parametric calculations were performed using the IHT First Law Model for an Isothermal Plane Wall. As shown below, the roof temperature depends strongly on the velocity of the auto relative to the ambient air. For a convection coefficient of h = 40 W/m2K, which would be typical for a velocity of 55 mph, the roof temperature would exceed the ambient temperature by less than 10C.
360 350

Temperature, Ts(K)

340 330 320 310 300 290 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Convection coefficient, h(W/m^2.K)

rate equation must be h ( Ts T ) and not h ( T Ts ) .

COMMENTS: By considering radiation emission, Ts decreases, as expected. Note the manner in which q is formulated using Newtons law of cooling; since q is shown leaving the control surface, the conv conv

Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.