A

ADMINISTRATION (noun) administration [d mnn strysh'n] 1. Government: a government, especially its executive branch Whilst the English sports council is funded through the U.K. government, the other three receive their funds through their own devolved administrations.

BASIC EDUCATION (noun) basic education [byssik jj kysh'n] 1. essential education: the formal education deemed necessary for somebody to function properly in society In the early times, when you finished your basic education, you can teach afterwards, unlike now when you should finish masteral degree just to acquire a good job.

ADVANCED DEGREE (noun) advanced degree [d vnst di gre] 1. Masters degree or doctorate: a university degree higher than a bachelor's She finishes her advanced degree in Harvard University just to come back here in the Philippines and try to change the country.

BUDGET (noun) budget [bjjt] 1. plan for allocating resources: a plan specifying how resources, especially time or money, will be allocated or spent during a particular period In the public sector, allocated budgets never stretch far enough; in the private sector, these budgets may not exist at all.

ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE (noun) academic discipline [k dmmik dssplin] 1. Houses the implementation of government policy that prepares civil servants. The Academic Discipline made a proposal to have an increase in budget in education to increase the quality of education in the following year.

BUREAUCRACY (noun) bureaucracy [byoo rkrssee] 1. government by a rigid hierarchy of officials, excessive administrative routine. Real improvement will not be achieved by simply giving more money to a burgeoning bureaucracy.

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CIVILIZATION (noun) civilization [svv'li zysh'n] 1. sometimes controversial term that has been used in several related ways The great story of the catastrophe that destroyed an ancient peaceful civilization had been handed down from father to son.

DEPARTMENT (noun) department 1. is a part of a larger organization with a specific responsibility. For more information either contact the department directly or the alumni office.

COMMUNITY (noun) community 1. a group of interacting people living in someone proximity. Thanks to Beverley, her local community can continue to have direct access to norfolk police.

DEMOCRACY (noun) democracy [di mkrssee] 1. is aform of goverment in which all eligible citizens hae an equal say in the decicions that affect their lives. The network aims to deepen democracy through greater citizen participation in local governance.

COMMUNISM (noun) communism [kmmy nzzm] 1. is a revolutionary siocialist movement to create a classless, moneyless and stateless social order structured upon common ownership of means of production. Most of the representatives of mainstream 'official communism ' have little to offer in the face of the challenges presented by the eu.

DEVELOPMENT (noun) development [di vllpmnt] 1. the systematic use of scientific and technical knowledge to meet specific objectives or requirements. Trade unions at the earth summit you may think sustainable development has very little to do with trade unions.

E
EFFICIENT (adjective) efficient [i fsh'nt] 1. In Public Administration terminology, efficient deals with the government services having best results out of limited resources. All public officials are deemed to give efficient services.

FISCAL ADMINISTRATION (noun) fiscal administration [fsk'l d mnn strysh'n] 1. Fiscal administration is about the management of those activities, and operation to generate revenue, make these available and see to it that funds are wisely, lawfully, effectively, and effeciently spent. Real transparency in the government could only be achieved by having an honest and accountable fiscal administration.

EGALITARIAN (adjective) egalitarian [i gll trree n] 1. it is a belief of maintaining equality based on belief that all people are equal and should enjoy equal social, political, and economic rights and opportunities. Karl Marx is a social scientist who believes that the real societal success will just be through applying egalitarian principles.

FORMAL ORGANIZATION (noun) formal organization [fwrm'l wrgni zysh'n] 1. is an organized group having fixed set of rules of intraorganization procedures and structures. Public Administration League of Students (PALS) is one best example of a formal organization.

ELECTORATE (noun) electorate [i lktrt] 1. it refers to the group of voters or all official qualified voters within a particular area or country for a particular election. During election, the only highest lord is the electorate. FREE MARKET ECONOMY (noun) free market economy i knnmee] 1. is an economy in which the allocation for resources is determined only by their supply and the demand for them. This is mainly a theoretical concept as every country, even capitalist ones, places some restrictions on the ownership and exchange of commodities.

Free market economy is just an awkward propaganda and deceiving trap by the developed countries against third world nations like Philippines.

This concept is now being related to rights of citizenship and to democratic governance.

H G
HUMAN (noun) human GEOPOLITICS (noun) geopolitics 1. a combination of political and geographic factors relating to a state During the cold war , immigration was more a question of global geopolitics. HONEST (adverb) honest [nnst] GOVERNMENT (noun) government [gvvrnmnt] 1. broadly means the organization of public authorities responsible for governing a society. Goverment's intention that developers should meet total cost of major developments. HIERARCHY(noun) hierarchy 1. character of formal bureaucratic organization a clear vertical "chain command" GOVERNANCE (noun) governance [gvvrnnss] 1. the exercise of economic ,political and administrative authority to manage a country affairs at all level. the government surveyed rural monasteries and school, and reconstituted the ecclesiastical hierarchy. 1. with all sincerity, fair and upright. there are not many honest politicians. 1. any of the species of primate mammals comprising all living persons and their resent ancestor the history of rome has a great human interest.

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IMPOUNDMENT (noun) impoundment [im pwnd ment] 1. Withholding of funds authorized and appropriated by law. Due to impoundment, Mr. Crane had no money to spend on his planned business with Mr. Chan.

J
JUDGMENT (noun) judgment [jjmnt] 1. In a legal context, is synonymous with the formal decision made by a court following a lawsuit. The notable judgment made by the Chief Justice was truly worth critiquing.

INCREMENTALISM (noun) incrementalism [ngkr mnt'l zzm] 1. A model of decision making that stresses making decisions through limited successive comparisons, in contrast to the rational model; also focuses on simplifying choices rather than aspiring to complete problem analyses, on "satisfying" rather than "maximizing." The Board of Directors told the rookie to use incrementalism instead of preaching complex ideas and concepts.

JURISDICTION (noun) jurisdiction 1. In bureaucratic politics, the area of programmatic responsibility assigned to an agency by the legislature or chief executive; also, a term used to describe the territory within the boundaries of a government entity (as a local jurisdiction). However, a challenge to this decision could be effected by invoking the wardship jurisdiction of the high court.

IN-KIND INCOME (noun) in kind income [in knd n km] 1. Income in the form of goods and services rather than cash. Toyman Company would rather have in-kind income than that of millions of cash.

JUSTICE OF THE PEACE (noun) justice of the peace 1. A judicial officer with limited power whose duties may include hearing cases that involve civil controversies, conserving the peace, performing judicial acts, hearing minor criminal complaints, and committing offenders. This rooms Justice of the Peace is worth praising.

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LEGISLATIVE (noun) legislative [ljji slytiv] 1. Making, or having the power to make, a law or laws; lawmaking; -- distinguished from executive; as, a legislative act; a legislative body. 2. Of or pertaining to the making of laws; suitable to legislation; as, the transaction of legislative business; the legislative style. The Legislative branch is one of the three federal branches.

M
MANDATORY SPENDING (noun)
mandatory spending [mnd twree spending]

1. is government expenditures that are "automatically obligated by virtue of previously-enacted laws". 2. Disbursements not subject to annual review or budgeting. 3. is spending on certain programs that is required by existing law. 4. refers to budget authority and ensuing outlays provided in laws other than appropriations acts, including annually appropriated entitlements. nearly three-fourths of USDA spending is classified as mandatory (or appropriated entitlement) spending, including the farm commodity price and income support programs, crop insurance, food stamps and child nutrition programs.

LIBERAL DEMOCRACY (noun)

liberal democracy [lbbrl di mkrssee]

1. A fundamental form of political arrangement, founded on the concepts of popular sovereignty and limited government. And unless that happens, policies to tackle poverty and revitalize democracy will not succeed.

MANDATE (noun)
mandate [mn dyt]

LUMP SUM TAX (noun)

lump sum tax [lump sum taks]

1. A tax that does not vary with units of goods purchased or sold. 2. is a tax that is a fixed amount, no matter the change in circumstance of the taxed entity. This annual tax-free lump sum is normally paid from november and most payments are made by christmas.

1. Order requiring a government to do something. 2. a command or authorization to act in a particular way on a public issue given by the electorate to its representative The president had a clear mandate to end the war.

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NATIONAL DEBT (noun)
national debt [nshn'l det]

O
OLIGARCHY (noun)
oligarchy [lli g
]

1. The sum of all unpaid public debt. The National Governments debt stock climbed to P4.424 trillion as of end-October 2009 following the issuance of $1 billion in global bonds during the month and the depreciation of the peso during the period

1. Government by the few. Oligarchies are often controlled by a few powerful families whose children are raised and mentored to become inheritors of power, often at some sort of expense to those governed

OMBUDSMAN (noun) NEGATIVE EXTERNALITY (noun)

negative externality [nggtiv kstr nlltee] ombudsman [mbdzmn, m b
n, m budz mn]

1. When private markets fail to allocate resources on the basis of full social costs. Negative externalities occur when the consumption or production of a good causes a harmful effect to a third party.

1. Permanent office that receives complaints and acts on behalf of citizens to secure. Ombudsman Conchita Carpio-Morales received special mention along with other notable officials from President Benigno Aquino III in his third State of the Nation Address.

NEUTRAL COMPETENCE (noun)

neutral competence [n l kmpt'nss]

OPERATING GRANT (noun)

operating grant [pp ryting grant]

1. The belief that a neutral public bureaucracy following the mandates of a legislative body will meet the requirements of democracy. Neutral competence has retained a good deal of currency in the public administration literature despite the realization that politics and administration are intertwined.

1. Grants for use in development and operation of specific programs. General operating grants provide flexibility for nonprofit organizations but are among the most difficult to obtain.

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RESIDENT (noun)
resident [rzzid'nt]

S
SERVICE (noun)
service [srvss]

1. a person who maintains residency(domicile) in a given place.

1. is an intangible commodity. Only a handful of public service will be spared.

the resident of Catanauan are among the poorest in the country. SOCIETY (noun)
society [s s tee]

RESPONSIBILITY(noun)
responsibility [ri spnss blltee]

1. is a group of people related to each other through persistent relation, or large social grouping sharing the same geographical or virtual territory. the present social structure tend to reinforce those factors that divide society.

1. the state or position of being responsible. The ability or authority to act or decide on ones own, without super vision.

the council has no responsibility for the coastal defense of private property.

U
RESOURCE (noun)
resource [r
]

UNCONSTITUTIONAL (adjective) 1. is a source or supply from which an organization gains profit. resource implication in carrying out this process.
unconstitutional [un knst t
n'l, un knst t l]

1. contrary to or failing to comply with a constitution But the court argued that discrimination laws do not entitle same sex couples to marriage and the ban is therefore not unconstitutional.

UNITARY (adjective)
unitary [y
]

The presidential position in the PALS organization was vacated for who knows how many long months.

1. having the character of a single thing that is a constituent of a whole ;specif : of, relating to, or being a business with subsidiaries in other states or nations that has its state income tax ... So for example, in Nottinghamshire the city of Nottingham is a unitary authority and therefore produces its own unitary development plan.

VALUE-ADDED TAX (noun)

value added tax [vllyoo ddd taks]

1. a tax levied at each addition of value in the processing of a raw material, the performance of a service, or the production and distribution of a commodity with each payer except the consumer reimbursed from payment at the next stage called also VAT Any person or entity who, in the course of his trade or business, sells, barters, exchanges, leases goods or properties and renders services subject to Value Added Tax, if the aggregate amount of actual gross sales or receipts exceed One Million Five Hundred Thousand Pesos (P1,500,000.00).

UNLAWFUL (adjective)
unlawful [un lwf'l]

1. not lawful : not authorized or justified by law 2. acting contrary to or in defiance of the law Cortez was indicted on September 14, 2011 and charged with unlawfully possessing a firearm between March 27, 2010 and April 3, 2010, in San Juan County, New Mexico; and possession of an unregistered firearm.

VERDICT (noun)
verdict [vrdikt]

V
VACATE (verb)
vacate [vy kyt]

1. the usually unanimous finding or decision of a jury on one or more matters (as counts of an indictment or complaint) submitted to it in trial that ordinarily in civil actions is for the plaintiff or for the defendant and in criminal actions is guilty or not guilty compare judgment The jury had other ideas and pronounced a verdict of willful murder by the person or persons who ordered the militia to fire.

1. to make void or annul set aside [ a lower court order] 2. to make vacant or to give up the occupancy of vi 1. to vacate an office, post, or tenancy

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WHITE-COLLAR CRIME
white collar crime [hwt kllr krm]

Y
YELLOW BOOK
yellow book [yll b ]

1. crime that is committed by salaried professional workers or persons in business and that usually involves a form of financial theft or fraud (as in securities dealing) White-collar crime sentences are longer than ones for murder.

1. official report of diplomatic messages issued by government Every other year, the CDC publishes the Yellow Book which is a reference manual for international travelers written by health professionals.

YELLOW KNIGHT WIRETAP

wiretap [w
]

yellow knight [yll nt]

1. to connect to the telephone line of for the purpose of wiretapping [wiretapped her home] comparebug, eavesdrop 2. an act or instance of wiretapping [we have held previously that s are a form of a search 3. an electrical connection for wiretapping compare pen register In this case, it makes me wish someone had done wiretapping.

1. A corporation that at one time was planning on initiating a hostile attempt on a company, but instead decides to propose a merger deal between the two. This may be done for a variety of reasons, but mainly the company that was planning the takeover believes that another approach would yield better results. Yellow knights have various reasons for backing out of the takeover attempt, but frequently are attributable to the target company's ability to fend off takeover.

WITHHOLDING TAX
withholding tax [wi
lding tks]

YIELD CURVE
yield curve [yeeld kurv]

1. a deduction (as from wages, fees, or dividends) levied at a source of income as advance payment on income tax Dividends received from other countries will be reported gross only to the extent that they have suffered a withholding tax.

1. Graph used typically to show yields for different bond maturities, and used for determining the best value in bonds and as an economic indicator. Positive (upward sloping) curve indicates

an expanding economy whereas a flat or negative (downward sloping) curve indicates a slowing or contracting economy. Gross rental yield curve on capital values are virtually unchanged, slipping only from 7.3 % to 7.2 % .

Zero-based budgeting might work for some people, but there is a much better alternative for almost everyone.

ZONING CODE
zoning code [zning kd]

Z
ZERO LAYOFF POLICY
zero layoff policy [z
ly f pllssee]

1. Local (municipal) law that specifies how and for what purpose each parcel of private real estate may be used. Also called zoning ordinance. Zoning code is not done yearly.

1. A company policy based on a guiding principle that the welfare of employees should not be harmed due to economic factors that adversely impact the bottom line. When such policies are adopted companies will seek to mitigate losses through other means rather than layoffs. Employees are still subject to termination based on performance or ethical measures. Adopt a zero-layoff policy make it clear that fraud can carry serious consequences, including termination and prosecution.

ZERO-BASE BUDGETING
zero base budgeting [z
bayss bjjting]

1. Budget format that presents information about the efficiency and effectiveness of existing programs and highlights possibilities for eliminating or reducing programs by assuming that the minimum funding level for the agency is zero, thereby requiring agency administrators to justify all expenditures by the same standard of review that normally are applied only to new programs or increments above the base.