HOLLOW env) 7.1 i SECTION CONNECTIONS AND TRUSSES — Jientan t.. a mH AR Sm Cet) a Canadian Institute of Steel ConstructionHOLLOW STRUCTURAL SECTION CONNECTIONS and TRUSSES — a Design Guide By Jefrey A. Packer, P.Eng. of Civil Engineering ‘Toronto, Ontario J.E. (Ted) Henderson, P.Eng. Henderson Engineering Services Milton, Ontario 13 Q Canadian Institute of Steel ConstructionCOPYRIGHT © 1997 by Canadian Institute of Steel Construction All rights reserved. This book or any part thereof must not be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the publisher. First Edition First Printing, July 1992 Revised Second Printing, February 1996 Second Edition First Printing, June 1997 CISC is located at: 201 Consumers Road, Suite 300, Willowdale, Ontario, Canada, M2J 4G8 Telephone: — +1-416-491-4552 Fax: +1-416-491-6461 Email: cisc_mike_gilmor@compuserve.com Web site: _http://www.cise-icca.ca Cover photo: Screaming Machine, Vancouver, B.C. COMSTOCK / W. Gordon ISBN 0-88811-086-3 Printed in Canada by Universal Offset Limited Alliston, Ontario ii“.. | wish to discuss the strength of hollow solids, which are employed in art—and still oftener in nature—in a thousand operations for the purpose of greatly increas- ing strength without adding to weight; examples of these are seen in the bones of birds and in many kinds of reeds which are light and highly resistant both to bending and breaking.” Galileo Galilei “Discorsi e dimostrazioni matematiche, intorno a due nuove scienze attenenti alla meccanica e i movimenti locali” Leiden, The Netherlands, 1638 Bamboo: A naturally-oceurring Hollow Structural Section, and still used in building construction in parts of the world today. iiiPREFACE This book, a compendium of current design information on the topic of Hollow Structural Section (HSS) connections and trusses, is directed to practising structural engineers. Connection strength frequently governs the selection of HSS members in structural steelwork, and the impracticality of providing internal reinforcement can pose concerns for the design engineer. However, with some insight into the connection behaviour at the conceptual design stage, subsequent connection reinforcement can frequently be averted, and maximum economy gained from the use of HSS. In preparing this volume, heavy reliance has been placed upon the sponsored research work of CIDECT (Comité International pour le Dévelop- pement et I'Etude de la Construction Tubulaire), plus its associated mono- graphs and guides, as well as the design recommendations of the Subcommission on Welded Joints in Tubular Structures of ITW (Interna- tional Institute of Welding). The authors are also grateful to Stelco Inc. for providing some material contained in a forerunner of the first edition of this book, the Stelco “Hollow Structural Sections Design Manual for Connec- tions” (2nd. edition, 1981). With encouragement of Canadian HSS produc- ers, the publication of this book has been made possible by the financial support of the Steel Structures Education Foundation, the Canadian Weld- ing Bureau and the American Iron and Steel Institute. Because of the proximity of the American market, all dimensional properties provided in Chapter 1 are given in imperial as well as SI units. It should be noted that the properties given pertain to HSS manufactured in accordance with CAN/CSA-G40,20-M92, Hence, these engineering prop- erties are not appropriate for HSS manufactured to ASTM A500, either in the U.S.A. or in Canada, Wherever possible, formulae that are not dimen- sion-dependant are used, but all design examples are performed in SI units. Furthermore, the limit states design concept is followed throughout, in conformity with CAN/CSA-S16.1-94. ivThe information presented is primarily directed towards onshore build- ing construction, and this is the basis for the load/resistance calibration. However, sections of the book also lend themselves to other applications (e.g., fatigue strength for the design of bridges, light and sign poles, and crane booms). Complete design examples are performed for statically loaded trusses fabricated from square HSS and from circular HSS, utilizing various connection design aids. Included in the book are design aids in both graphical and tabular formats, plus mention is made of appropriate computer-based design packages where appropriate. Users of this book will be aware that the design of HSS members is well covered by CAN/CSA-S16.1-94 “Limit States Design of Steel Structures”, Sections 13 and 18 (Concrete-filled HSS columns). Moreover, the Canadian Institute of Steel Construction “Handbook of Steel Construction” provides column resistance tables for both Class C and Class H HSS. Since the first edition of “Design Guide for Hollow Structural Section Connections” in 1992, the content has been revised to conform with all current relevant specifications, and brought up-to-date with the latest research on the topic. The scope has been increased by over 30% and the title expanded to more accurately reflect the focus of the book. The authors therefore hope that practising engineers will find this book on HSS connections and trusses a practical reference manual for the design of structures in HSS into the next millenium, thereby further increasing the already popular use of this elegant structural material. A Chinese version (with J.J. Cao) of the first edition of this Design Guide was published, with permission, in Beijing, China in April of 1997. Grateful acknowledgement is made for assistance received from many during the preparation and review of both editions of this book. JA. Packer June, 1997 J.E. HendersonFOREWORD The Canadian Institute of Steel Construction (CISC) is a national indus- try organization representing the structural steel, open-web steel joist and steel plate fabricating industries in Canada. Formed in 1930 and granted a Federal charter in 1942, the CISC functions as a non-profit organization promoting the efficient and economic use of fabricated steel in construction. CISC is pleased to publish this design guide — an important part of a continuing effort to provide current, practical information to assist design- ers, fabricators, educators, and others interested in the use of steel in construction. The development of this guide has been generously supported by the Steel Structures Education Foundation (SSEF), the Canadian Welding Bureau (CWB) and the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISD. ‘The SSEF was incorporated in 1985 to advance the application and use of, and interest in, steel in structures, through education. ‘The CWB is a federally incorporated, not-for-profit, certification organi- zation with responsibility for the administration of certification programs associated with the welded fabrication, welding consumable, and inspection industries, Certification programs are to various CSA standards such as series W47, W48 and W178. The Bureau is accredited by the Standards Council of Canada for W47.1 and W47.2, and has offices across Canada and in Europe with a head office in Mississauga, Ontario. The AISI is a non-profit association whose membership includes a broad range of steel producing companies throughout the western hemisphere. Institute activities embrace research and technology, engineering, collection and dissemination of statistics, public distribution of information about the industry and its products, public affairs, and discussion of industrial rela- tions including health and safety. viCISC works in close co-operation with the Steel Structures Education Foundation to develop educational courses and programmes related to the design and construction of steel structures, such as this design guide. The CISC supports and actively participates in the work of the Standards Council of Canada, the Canadian Standards Association, the Canadian Commission on Building and Fire Codes and numerous other organizations, in Canada and other countries, involved in research work and the prepara- tion of codes and standards. Preparation of engineering plans is not a function of the CISC. The Institute does provide technical information through its professional engi- neering staff, through the preparation and dissemination of publications, through the medium of seminars, courses, meetings, video tapes, and com- puter programs. Architects, engineers and others interested in steel con- struction are encouraged to make use of CISC information services. Although no effort has been spared in an attempt to ensure that all data in this book is factual and that the numerical values are accurate to a degree consistent with current structural design practice, the Canadian Institute of Steel Construction does not assume responsibility for errors or oversights resulting from the use of the information contained herein. Anyone making use of the contents of this book assumes all liability arising from such use. Allsuggestions for improvement of this book will be forwarded to the authors for their consideration for future printings. CISC is located at: 201 Consumers Road, Suite 300, Willowdale, Ontario, Canada, M2J 4G8 Telephone: +1-416-491-4552 Fax: +1-416-491-6461 : cisc_mike_gilmor@compuserve.com Web site: http://www.cisc-icca.ca