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Small Hydro Power Projects and CDM Benefits A Case Study of Obudu Plateau 1 MW Small Hydro Project, Nigeria
Ekpok Ekawon Erokoro, Citizens for Environmental Safety (CES), Po Box 541,Hepo, 65 Ndidem Usang Road Calabar, Cross River Nigeria Email: eekawon@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
The aim of this paper is to set forth certain salient points on Small Hydro Power (SHP) development and Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and how the former can reap the benefits of the later. Obudu ranch plateau 1MW small hydro project developed by Pembina Institute Canada and International Centre for Energy, Environment and Development (ICEED) Abuja with the presenter of this paper as an intern used as a case study is a 1 MW run-of-river hydroelectric project located in Obudu Ranch Plateau, Obanliku LGA, Cross River State of Nigeria. The paper briefly deals on the principle and concept of CDM and how it can help a project to be viable by the additional income generated from the CDM component.
1 INTRODUCTION
Nigeria has a population of about 126 million with a growth rate of 2.61 percent in 2001. The Gross National income (GNI) per capita in 2003 was US $320 .The country has a GDP of US $45 Billion in 2001 and per capita income of US $ 300 ranking her as one of the poorest countries in the world according to Central Bank of Nigeria Report (2002). The human Development Index (HDI) ranks Nigeria 152nd out of 175 countries of the world according to UNDP Development Profile, 2004. Other statistic includes: Population below $1 a day, 2001 Life expectancy in 2001 GDP growth rate in 2002 Population growth 2002
Table 1 :Commercial Power generation in the Nigeria (2004) Source of power MW Percentage Comments Hydro based 1930 33 Highly exploitable in excess of 11,0000MW Shiroro(600MW) Kainji (760MW) Jebba(560MW) Thermal/Fossil (six 3,915 67 Operating below thermal stations) capacity Total 5,845 100 Source: Energy Commission of Nigeria, June 2004
International Conference on Small Hydropower - Hydro Sri Lanka, 22-24 October 2007
International Conference on Small Hydropower - Hydro Sri Lanka, 22-24 October 2007
5. CDM is dominated by big Non Renewable projects that generate more credit such as capturing and destroying HFC-23 and NO2 Just 7 gas capture projects of 265 projects registered by August 2006 accounted nearly three-quarters of all CDM projects. 6. Renewable Energy make up a mere 2 percent of CDM credits
Description of the small-scale project activity: Contribution to Sustainable Development in the Host Country Environmental component B Baseline methodology
Duration of the project activity / Crediting period Monitoring methodology and plan
F G
International Conference on Small Hydropower - Hydro Sri Lanka, 22-24 October 2007
The transaction cost of documentation on developing renewable energy CDM projects should be reduce by the CDM Authority Carbon credit generated by CDM projects should be of high value so as to attract more investment in renewable energy projects
REFERENCES
Afolabi,A A 2006 small hydro power development in Nigeria:a paper presented at the CDM project facility organized by Pembina Institute and ICEED,Abuja. Carbon Market Europe, 24 June 2005, http//www.pointcarbon.com Carbon Trading; A Critical Conversion on Climatic Change, Privatization and Power.Developemnt Dialogue no.48 September 2006 Central Bank of Nigeria Report 2002 Establishing National Authorities for the CDM: A Guide for the Developing Nations (2002) Final Report on Renewable Energy Research and Development: The Obudu Ranch Plateau Case Study Prepared by Richard Ingwe Cradle, Calabar www.onesky.ca Jiandong, T (2004) Small hydro Power: Chinas Practice Hangzhou. China Water Press Karekezi, S etal(1997):Renewable Energy Technology Technologies in Africa London: Zed Books Kyoto protocol UNFCC/CP/1997/L.7/ac 10,1997 Kyoto, Japan Malcolm, D (2005). Wind of Change in Development Magazine. Issue No.32 New Internationalist-N391, July 2006] PCF Annual report, 2004 Small Hydro Power for Productive Use in Rural Areas-UNIDO Regional Center for Small Hydro Power in Africa, Abuja Nigeria: A Commemorative Publication 2006 UNFCCC, Marrakech Accords UNIDO Regional Industrial Center Renewable Energy for Rural Industrialization and Development in Nigeria (2003) Nwanchukwu, M (2004) Preliminary investigation report on the potential of the Obudu Hydro Power potential prepared for One Sky International www.onesky.ca