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Project Cost: Passenger Terminal Building in Port of Benit and Port of Sebaste

Far Eastern University Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts Nicanor Reyes St., Sampaloc, Manila

PROJECT COST ESTIMATE: COMPARATIVE RESEARCH OF RORO PORT PASSENGER TERMINAL BUILDING A Statistical Method of Research Comparing Port of Benit and Port of Sebaste

A Research Presented to Arch. Arnulfo Dado Far Eastern University Manila

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for PROPRAC 451

by LOBERIANO, MICAH GERALDINE B. AR0851 July 19, 2012

Project Cost: Passenger Terminal Building in Port of Benit and Port of Sebaste

I.

ABSTRACT Given that port development plays an important role to the progress of a particular region

and state, the Medium Term Development Plan (MTDP) of the Philippines (2004-2010) takes into consideration the demand for transportation in the archipelagic nature of the Philippines is significant. According to MPDC (2004), the development of Roll-On Roll-Off ports answer the need for transportation to a fast and cheap connectivity of regions in Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao in transporting people, shipping cargo and goods. As Port of Sebaste represents Western Philippines, Port of Benit for Eastern Philippines, and BALWARTECO RORO Port represents my thesis study, the purpose of the study is to determine the range of estimated project cost of the passenger terminal building of the three given ports. Also, the study aim to identify the influential changes between the project cost in terms of the total lot area, price per square meter cost and the terminal building capacity. All in all, the major concern of the study is to understand how project cost estimate of the three passenger terminal building varies to each other as a reference to future developments relating the subject matter of project costing and estimate.

Keywords: project estimated cost, passenger terminal building, transportation, Roll-on Rolloff Port

II.

RESEARCH DURATION

From: June 2012 To: July 2012

Project Cost: Passenger Terminal Building in Port of Benit and Port of Sebaste

III.

RESEARCH TITLE

Project Cost Estimate: Comparative Research of RORO Port Passenger Terminal Building in Port of Sebaste, Port of Benit and BALWARTECO Port of Allen

IV.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Sea ports serve as vital infrastructure facilities that bridge the gap between production

and consumption centers, provide access to markets and social services. In the country today, water transport is always in demand since it is one of the cheapest means of transporting passenger and goods to and from different islands. Philippine Ports Authority (2009) stated that an improved and adequate port facilities and services to spur trade and commerce, open up new economic opportunities, reduce inter-island socio-economic gaps, promote stronger inter-regional linkages and increased access to social services. Project Cost Estimate is an approximate calculation on how much will a particular project will likely to cost. It is necessary that a project has a reliable estimate for a responsible financial management and a well capital outlay cost for a proper investment of a precise development. Regarding Project Cost Estimate of a sea port development MTPDP (2009), a new and improved approach of transport is introduced under the term of Pres. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo with partnership with private sector as part of her program in Greater Island Transport, Mobility and Accessibility, known as the Roll-On Roll-Off Terminal System as project investments. This deals with the accommodation of passengers and vehicles both as cargo. Philippine Ports Authorities (2009) also necessitates that the sum of project cost in developing RORO port terminal will always vary to the time and date of development, the scope and area of the project, price of the land and to the project capacity.

Project Cost: Passenger Terminal Building in Port of Benit and Port of Sebaste

Under Philippine Ports Authority (2010), the scope of the comparative research will be based on the given official Project Cost of the three cases, the Port of Sebaste in Western Visayas and the Port of Benit in Eastern Visayas both as public port and BALWARTECO Port of Allen as private port. Both cases contain bill of quantities that determine the major items of work. Respectively, the research will only take into consideration the development of the RORO Passenger Terminal Building. The research aims to understand the changes and differences in Project Costing in RORO Passenger Terminal Building development and to identify the influential changes between the project cost in terms of the total lot area, price per square meter cost and the terminal building capacity. The result of the study will be beneficial for concerned planning authority as a reference of possible Port Passenger Terminal Building development in project costing and estimate. Recommendations will also be beneficial for planning agencies working in other city and dealing with costing and estimate issues related to the type of project development. The research will also be useful to students taking Bachelor of Science in Architecture as their reference and basis for the requirements and needs in Port Passenger Terminal Building project costing and estimation.

V.

PROFILE OF PORT COST ESTIMATES All data and figures are based on Philippine Ports Authority (2009) Formulation of

Master Plans and Conduct of Feasibility Studies for Selected Ports in the Port District of Visayas Phase II. This includes the following: a. PORT OF SEBASTE - ANTIQUE

Project Cost: Passenger Terminal Building in Port of Benit and Port of Sebaste

Cost Estimates The bill of quantities stated herein was determined based on major items of work except for the buildings where it was based on its floor area. For utilities and other ancillaries are priced on a lump sum basis. The unit cost reflected herein is inclusive of materials, labor, equipment and other materials required to finish the work and mark-ups as profit, overheads, contingencies and taxes. The Project Cost consists of the Physical cost of the development and contingency costs and the cost of Engineering Supervision Fee.
Item No. 1 2 3 4 5 Item of Work GENERAL EXPENSES MARINE WORKS MARINE STRUCTURES ROCK WORKS SUPPORT FACILITIES PROJECT COST, SUM OF a.) to d.) Particulars Construction Cost Engineering Fee, 5% of a Physical Contingencies, 10% of a Price Contingencies, 10% of a PROJECT COST, SUM OF a.) to d.) Amount (in Php) 852,327.86 9,738,750.00 1,740,000.00 17,518,000.00 13,619,642.75 43,468,720.61 Amount (in Php) 43,468,720.61 2,173,436.03 4,346,872.06 4,346,872.06 54,335,900.76

Item No. a.) b.) c.) d.) 5 5.1 5.1.1 5.1.4 5.1.6

SUPPORT FACILITIES Buildings Passenger Terminal Building Transit Shed Guard House Sub-Total of Item 5.1

Sq. M. Sq. M. Units

120 330 1

25,000.00 15,000.00 6,750.00

3,000,000.00 4,950,000.00 6,750.00 7,956,750.00

Passenger Terminal Building Capacity = 100 pax Source: Philippine Ports Authority Feasibility Study 2009

Project Cost: Passenger Terminal Building in Port of Benit and Port of Sebaste

The Construction Schedule The construction work is to be completed in Three Hundred Sixty (360) Calendar days. Construction activities shall be arranged and finalized during detailed engineering stage. b. PORT OF BENIT SOUTHERN LEYTE The bill of quantities stated herein was determined based on major items of work except for the buildings where it was based on its floor area. For utilities and other ancillaries are priced on a lump sum basis. The unit cost reflected herein is inclusive of materials, labor, equipment and other materials required to finish the work and mark-ups as profit, overheads, contingencies and taxes. The Project Cost consists of the Physical cost of the development and contingency costs and the cost of Engineering Supervision Fee.
Item No. 1 2 3 4 5 Item of Work GENERAL EXPENSES MARINE WORKS MARINE STRUCTURES ROCK WORKS SUPPORT FACILITIES PROJECT COST, SUM OF a.) to d.) Amount (in Php) 1,600,000.00 17,372,167.00 13,207,530.00 3,236,525.00 5,009,385.00 40,325,607.00

Item No. a.) b.) c.) d.)

Particulars

Amount (in Php)

Construction Cost Engineering Fee, 5% of a Physical Contingecies, 10% of a Price Contingencies, 10% of a PROJECT COST, SUM OF a.) to d.)

40,325,607.00 2,016,280.35 4,032,560.70 4,032,560.70 50,407,008.75

Project Cost: Passenger Terminal Building in Port of Benit and Port of Sebaste

5 5.1 5.1.1 5.1.4

SUPPORT FACILITIES Buildings Passenger Terminal Building Guard House Sub-Total of Item 5.1

Sq. M. Sq. M.

200 2.25

9,850.00 2,900.00

1,970,000.00 6,525.00 1,976,525.00

Passenger Terminal Building Capacity = 180 pax Source: Philippine Ports Authority Feasibility Study 2004

The Construction Schedule The construction work is scheduled to be completed in Three Hundred (300) Calendar days. Construction activities shall be arranged and finalized during detailed engineering stage.

c. PORT OF BALWARTECO ALLEN NORTHERN SAMAR Under the financial aspect of port development in Allen, Northern Samar it should be noted that its ideal to established a ferry terminal thru a well balance cost estimate of BALWARTECO or Balicuatro Warfage and Terminal Corporation that make the Allen as the direct linkage of Daan Maharlika. This takes into consideration the demand of satisfactory service the increasing volume of vehicular traffic.
Item of Work COST OF LOT BUILDING CONSTRUCTION LAND DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT FACILITIES PROFESSIONAL FEES PROJECT COST, SUM OF a.) to d.) Amount (in Php) 15,000,000.00 18,760,000.00 2,902,000.00 518,400.00 19,762,297.00 56,942,697.00

Project Cost: Passenger Terminal Building in Port of Benit and Port of Sebaste 5 5.1 5.1.1 5.1.4 BUILDING COST Buildings Passenger Terminal Building Warehouse Building Sub-Total of Item 5.1

Sq. M. Sq. M.

480 1,000

10,000.00 8,000.00

4,800,000.00 8,000,000.00 12,800,000.00

Passenger Terminal Building Capacity = 385 pax Source: BALWARTECO Balicuatro Warfage and Terminal Corporation 2011 The Construction Schedule The construction work is scheduled to be completed in Four Hundred Five (405) Calendar days. Construction activities shall be arranged and finalized during detailed engineering stage.

VI.

PROJECT COST ESTIMATE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Cost estimate of a building or a project are definitely affected by different factors in the construction planning. Indeed these factors determine the rate of rise and drop of pricing and costing that affects the budget allotted for the development and the kind of development ahead. The methods for the comparative research are illustrated to the following tabulation and graphs.

COMPARISON CAPACITY)

USING

AREA

METHOD

AND

UNIT-USER

METHOD

(BUILDING

LOCATION
GFA SQ. M. 480 200 120 800 266.67

METHOD OF COMPARISON
AREA METHOD PRICE/SQ. M. TOTAL (Php) (Php) 10,000.00 4,800,000.00 9,850.00 1,970,000.00 25,000.00 3,000,000.00 44,850.00 9,770,000.00 14,950.00 3,256,666.67 BLDG. CAPACITY (PAX) 385 180 100 665 221.67

NORTHERN SAMAR SOUTHERN LEYTE ANTIQUE TOTAL AVERAGE MEAN

Project Cost: Passenger Terminal Building in Port of Benit and Port of Sebaste

CASES

LOCATION

METHOD OF COMPARISON
DATE OF DEVELOPMENT ( YEAR ) 1997 2004 2009 CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE ( NO. OF DAYS ) 405 300 360 TOTAL COST (Php) 4,800,00.00 1,970,000.00 3,000,000.00

PORT OF ALLEN PORT OF BENIT PORT OF SEBASTE

NORTHERN SAMAR SOUTHERN LEYTE ANTIQUE

Considering the three cases, the result of the comparison shows that the Gross Floor Area for development influences the range of cost to the total cost of the development. Also, as the GFA influences the scope of possible project total cost, the given location dictates the price per square meter. This given prices varies directly to the allotted zoning value of the land. Even the three cases is interrelated type of development, the zoning plan for each location will not be the same as the other. The building capacity is derive from the user statistic of PPA and BALWARTECO. The capacity affects the area that had been developed. Allen has the highest building capacity therefore it also has the highest GFA for development. Even though the location has 10,000Php cost of the land, Allen has the highest project total cost for it has the highest scope of GFA. On the other hand, even though Sebaste has the highest cost per square meter of 25,000Php it has the lowest project total cost. I therefore determine that the building capacity under the user-unit method plays has the primary role in dictating the Gross Floor Area of development, the price per square meter is secondary although it is dictated by the zoning cost and value depending on the location.

Project Cost: Passenger Terminal Building in Port of Benit and Port of Sebaste

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GRAPHICAL INTERPRETATION:

To illustrate the relationship of the bldg. capacity, GFA and the price per square meter of the land, the researcher used median and arithmetic mean of descriptive statistics. Given the computed data above, the median of the cases is approximately around 2,500,000Php for total cost, 15,000Php per square meters, and 200 number of passenger for the capacity. This shows that the two developments, Sebaste and Allen are averagely above the median of cost development while Benit is below the average cost. The graph also shows that the higher number of building capacity per passenger the higher mark-up will be on the total cost of the project. Regarding the use of Arithmetic Mean of the three RORO Port, the central tendency of cost

Project Cost: Passenger Terminal Building in Port of Benit and Port of Sebaste

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estimation of the cases is 266.67 for GFA, 14,950 for cost per square meter, 3,256,666.67 for total project cost, and 221.67 for terminal capacity per pax. Thus, the graph shows the massive effect of user capacity of the building in estimating the GFA resulting to the estimated cost of construction.

VII.

CONCLUSION

All in all, the result of the research comparison articulates that in estimating a public access zone such as sea port terminal, Unit-of-Use Method (Order of Magnitude Estimate or User Unit Method) is much applicable than Area Method in getting the possible total estimate cost of the project. Because primarily, the test tells that the number of user or the building capacity dictates the overall area for sea port terminal. Getting the estimated cost using Area Method is a secondary but still an important consideration dealing with project cost estimation. Thus, the building capacity varies directly in determining the Gross Floor Area of development and this also varies directly to the price per square meter of the land/location. And these three factors are directly proportional to the value of the total estimated project cost. Capacity to GFA, GFA to the cost of site and is equal to the total probable project estimated construction cost.

VIII. REFERENCES AllenSamarAbout (2011). Characteristic of the province. Retrieved, June 15, 2012, from www.allensamar.lhosting.onfo/allen.html.

BALWARTECO ( 2010 ). Statistic and estimated project cost. Philippines: Allen Northern Samar

Project Cost: Passenger Terminal Building in Port of Benit and Port of Sebaste

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Eduardo, R. (1992). The northern samar integrated rural development project: a study in rural development administration. University of the Philippines. Historical Data for the Province of Samar (1950). National Library. Philippines: Manila Municipality of Samar (2010). Economic, natural resources, infrastructure, and social services. Retrieved, June 22, 2012, from http://samar.lgu-ph.com/directory.html National Economic Development Authority ( 2010 ). Medium term development plan from 2004 to 2010. Philipppines : Tacloban

Philippine Ports Authority ( 2004 ). Port of benit final report. Consultancy services for the formulation of mater plans and conduct of feasibility studies for pmo-tacloban and pmotagbilaran in the port district of visayas package I. Philippine: South Harbor Port Area Manila

Philippine Ports Authority ( 2009 ). Port of sebaste final report. Consultancy services for the formulation of mater plans and conduct of feasibility studies for selected ports in the port district of visayas phase II. Philippine: South Harbor Port Area Manila

Suan, A. ( 1997 ). Balicuatro warfage and terminal corporation history. A study for allen as linkage for economic growth. Philippine : Northern Samar

Tolentino, M. J. et. al ( 1995). Northern samar and its development needs findings from a quicklook survey. Institute of Philippine and Culture. Ateneo Manila University. Quezon City

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