THE PHILIPPINES UNDER SPANISH RULE The Spanish reorganized the country by imposing new rules, policies, and

d taxes in order to manage our country Later on, all the rules they imposed became unbearable and difficult for the Filipinos Tribute Form of taxation imposed in order to support government and church operations It was officially introduced in 1570; it was raised in 1589 to further accommodate the needs of the church (sanctorum) Filipinos between 16 to 60 were required to pay the tributes (in cash or in kind; full or installment basis) Paying the taxes also signifies the peoples recognition of the Spanish rule Later on, it was discovered that the officials in the Philippines abused the tributes, which resulted in the kings abolishment of the tribute in 1884 The tribute was replaced with the cedula personal Other Taxes Diezmos prediales - a kind of tax that was comprised of 1/10 of the produce of the land Donativo de Zamboanga - a kind of tax to support the Spanish movement in 1635 to invade Jolo, Sulu Vinta - tax paid by the people of Luzon in order to fund the Spanishs defense against the Muslim pirates in Luzon and Visayas

Bandala System The Filipinos became vassals of Spain Filipinos were obliged to sell their products to the government at a very low price Later on, officials abused this power and instead collected the products without paying the farmers and local producers The abuses was reported to the King and it was abolished in 1782 to avoid the revolution from the Filipinos Polo y Servicios Forced labor Filipino men from 16 to 60 are obliged to render community service for 40 days The men who underwent polo y servicios were called polistas Men can be exempted to this forced labor by paying the falla Rise of Haciendas Haciendas are vast lands for businesses, plantations, etc All haciendas were owned by the Spanish The hacienderos hired inquilinos to serve as the caretakers of the land The inquilinos, on the other hand, hired sharecroppers or kasama to do the manual labor in the land

Galleon Trade Annual trade between Manila and Acapulco, Mexico Spanish individuals with key positions in the government and church were the only ones allowed to engage in this trade Other people can join the trade if they have a boleta, which is a very expensive ticket that would allow them to trade The products for export to Mexico include products from neighboring Asian countries The imported products consist of European products Monetary restrictions: exported goods = P250,000; imported goods = P500,000 Apart from the goods, the galleons also serve as a carriers of funds from Spain, directives/orders from the King, Spanish passengers Galleon trade ended in 1811 Obras Pias acts of piety; donation to the church The friars used these donations to fund their personal needs instead of using it for the parish Some priests used these donations as pautang to people who want to buy a boleta Tobacco Monopoly Established by Gov. Gen. Jose Basco y Vargas on March 1, 1782

 Provinces in Cagayan Valley, Ilocos, Nueva Ecija and Marinduque were mandated to plant tobaccos No one is allowed to keep the tobacco leaves for his/her own use Later on, the country became the largest tobaccoproducing country in Asia The industry provided more jobs for the Filipinos Gov. Gen. Primo de Rivera abolished the monopoly in 1882 when they discovered that the local officials abused the industry Sociedad Economic de Amigo del Pais Economic Society of Friends of the Country; established by Gov. Gen. Basco on May 6, 1871 Aimed to find solutions for economic growth and progress Divided into five sections: factories and manufactures; education; natural history; domestic and foreign commerce; agriculture and rural economy Real Compana de Filipinas Royal Company of the Philippines; also established by Basco Had a total capital amount of P8,000,000 which was divided into 32,000 shares costing P250 per share Aimed to establish direct trade relations between Spain and Philippines and to develop the latters natural resources and to set aside 4% of the profits for the countrys agricultural development