Physics Practical Report 1 Dananjaya Ramanayake Emmanuel Marion BENDING OF A ROD. I Theoretical results.

Schema :

We are going to find the distance h for different weights experimentally. H being the distance between the position of the rod at rest (m=0) and its position when bending due to the weight.

Weight

50

100

200

500

(g) h (cm)

0,6

1,0

2,3

5,5

II Experimental settings Our goal in this part is to compare the given formula with our experimental results.
h= FL3 3EJ

We consider that L is a constant and that the formula is true. Then we convert the weight in kg and multiply it with g=9,81 to get the value of the stress F for each weight. Weight (kg) F (N) 0,05 0,4905 0,1 0,981 0,2 1,962 0,5 4,905

Then we plot the graph h as a function of F

Then we calculate the slope, we take two point A and B on the straight line

A(0 ;0) and B(4,4 ;5)

slope=

50 5 = 1,13 4, 4 0 4, 4
slope= L3 3EJ

Then, we know that : We want to find E so : slope 3EJ = L3

L3 =E slope 3J E= 33,5 3 = 554504.056 1,13 3 0,02

So we get the experimental value of the Youngs modulus for our rod. III Use of experimental measures. Why is it relevant to plot log(h) as a function log(L) ?
Presentation of data on a logarithmic scale can be helpful when the data cover a large range of values. The use of the logarithms of the values rather than the actual values reduces a wide range to a more manageable size. So here, we plot a large number of values against each. In order to get a meaningful representation, especially here, to calculate a gradient it is important to use a Log plot.

Rough estimate for Youngs Modulus of PVC

E = S /T E Youngs Modulus S Tensile Stress T Tensile Strain

Tensile Stress of a cross section can be calculated using the following formula, S = F / A0 Where F is the force applied, S is the Tensile Strain and the A0 is the area of the PVC before the force is applied. Now, we can express the Tensile Strain, dL T= L0 Here, T is the Tensile Strain and dL is the change in objects length and L0

is the objects length before the force being applied. Now, we can derive the Youngs modulus experimentally substituting the experimental values in to the above equation and then we have an equation like this, dL E = S / T = ( F / A0 ) / ( ) = FL 0 / ( A 0 / dL ) L0 Young modulus is expressed in terms of Force per unit area. Additionally we calculate the Force being exerted by an object under a given Strain using this equation, dL F = E ( A0 ) L0 Estimate for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) We know that, h = FL3 / 3 EJ We take a rectangular piece of PVC to determine its Youngs modulus. Therefore, J = ba 3 /12 From above equations, we find E = FL3 / 3 Jh E Youngs Modulo F Force L Length of the object b Width a height Our PVC specimen have the following dimensions, L 12cm b 4cm a 8cm We apply a force of 125N and the Youngs Modulus therefore is ; ba 3 12

j=

j=

4cm *8cm3 = 170.6666 cm 4 12

Now we calculate the Youngs Modulus, FL3 3EJ 125 N (123 )cm E= 3*170.66cm3 *8cm E= = 52.736 Pa