04/26/09 VIRTUAL MACHINE AND ITS PROCESS 1 Solehan Bin Djamaludin Abdul Hakim B Mohamad A121184 A120512

CONTENTS TITLE Introduction of Virtual Machine o What is Virtual Machine o The Origin o T he Architecture System Virtual Machine o Implementation o Emulation o Optimizati on Process Virtual Machine o Multiprogramming o High Level Language o Virtualiza tion Advantages & Disadvantages Tutorial: How to install Summary Reference PAGE 04/26/09 35 69 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 28 29 30 2

INTRODUCTION OF VIRTUAL MACHINE WHAT IS IT? 04/26/09

In computer science, a virtual machine (VM) is a software implementation of a ma chine (computer) that executes programs like a real machine. A virtual machine t akes the layered approach to its logical conclusion. It treats hardware and the operating system kernel as though they were all hardware A virtual machine provi des an interface identical to the underlying bare hardware The operating system creates the illusion of multiple processes, each executing on its own processor with its own (virtual) memory 3

CONTINUE The resources of the physical computer are shared to create the virtual machines CPU scheduling can create the appearance that users have their own processor A normal user time-sharing terminal serves as the virtual machine operators console (a) Non Virtual Machine (b) Virtual Machine 04/26/09 4

The virtual-machine concept provides complete protection of system resources sin ce each virtual machine is isolated from all other virtual machines. This isolat ion, however, permits no direct sharing of resources. A virtual-machine system i s a perfect vehicle for operating-systems research and development. System devel opment is done on the virtual machine, instead of on a physical machine and so d oes not disrupt normal system operation. 04/26/09 5

THE ORIGIN

Computer systems are constructed of the three major components :hardware, the op erating system, and application programs. The three major system components are stacked on one another to reflect the direct interaction that takes place. 04/26/09 A computer system consisting of Hardware that implements an Instruction Set Arch itecture (ISA), an Operating System, and a set of Application programs. 6

04/26/09 Figure Interoperability a) Three popular computer systems composed of different ISAs, OSes, and Applications. b) Although highly modular, the major system compo nents are not always interoperable. 7

THE SOLUTION 04/26/09

One type of virtual machine (VM) is virtualizing software is placed between the underlying machine and conventional software. Virtualizing software translates t he hardware ISA so that conventional software sees a different ISA from the one su pported by hardware.

A system virtual machine provides a complete system environment. This environmen t can support multiple user processes, includes a file system, provides the proc esses with access to I/O devices, and, on the desktop, it supports a GUI. 04/26/09 Windows system supported as guest virtual machine running on a Linux/x86 host pl atform. 9

VIRTUAL MACHINE ARCHITECTURE 04/26/09 10

SYSTEM VIRTUAL MACHINE 04/26/09

SystemVirtualMachineiscapableofsupportinganOS alongwithpotentiallymanyuserproc This system can be separated with these concepts o Implementation o Emulation o Optimization 11

IMPLEMENTATION

In Figure 0-10, the classic VM, the VMM is placed on bare hardware. The VMM runs in the most highly privileged mode, while all the guests run with lesser privileges . Then, the VMM can intercept and implement all the guest OS s actions that inte ract with hardware resources 12 04/26/09

CONTINUE

An alternative system VMM implementation builds virtualizing software on top of an existing host operating system resulting in what is called a hosted VM With a hosted VM, the installation process is similar to installing a typical applicat ion program Furthermore, virtualizing software can rely on the host OS to provid e device drivers and other lower-level services; they dont have to be done by the VMM 13 04/26/09

EMULATION Executebinariescompiledtoadifferentinstructio nsetthanthatexecutedbythehostsha ess helps to converts the guest system ISA operation equivalent to host OS. So, it allows software application and operating system written for guest ISA, to be run in host OS ISA. 04/26/09 14

OPTIMIZATION VMsdesignedtoenableinnovativeISAsand/or hardwareimplementationsforimprovedperforma fficiency,etc. Similarhardwarevirtualizationiscommonfor microprocessors,suchasPen ftwareVMispartofthehardwaredesign applications/OSneverdirectlyexecutenativeISA 04/26/09 instructions 15

PROCESS VIRTUAL MACHINE 04/26/09 MULTIPROGRAMMING 16 HIGH LAVEL LANGUAGE VM VIRTUALIZATION

MULTIPROGRAMMING 04/26/09

Conventional multiprogramming provides each user process with the illusion of ha ving a complete machine to itself. Each process is given its own address space a nd is given access to a file structure. The operating system timeshares the hard ware and manages underlying resources to make this possible. 17

HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE VM 04/26/09

AHLLisdesignedwiththegoalofbeing executedinaVM. minimizehardwarespecificandOS specificfeaturesthatcouldcompromiseportabili ty al system 18

earlierprogramdistributionthaninc

VIRTUALIZATION Virtualizationconstructsanisomorphismthat mapsavirtualguestsystemtoarealhost. ght of a partitioning where a single physical server is sliced into multiple sma ll partitions. 04/26/09 19

ADVANTAGES 04/26/09

The only advantage is that we don t have to buy two computers, and we don t have to stand up from one computer and walk to the other Increase the hardware utili zation Decrease the capital and operating cost by sharing in number of VM High a vailability and Secure VM can use from anywhere in the intranet 20

DISADVANTAGES

The disadvantages are that they are really slow, and not quite as stable. Settin g up networking can sometimes be a pain (but is solvable) 21 04/26/09

TUTORIAL : HOW TO INSTALL Installing the Windows 7 Beta with Virtual PC 2007 SP1 Download and install Virt ual PC from

http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyId=28C9 Download windows 7 beta here but only 32-bit edition because virtual PC 2007 only support 32-bit g uest OS http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windows-7/beta-download.asp 22 04/26/09

1. Open Virtual PC (Start > Programs > Microsoft Virtual PC) and click New to launc h the New Virtual Machine Wizard. Click Next. 04/26/09 2. Ensure that Create a virtual machine is selected and click Next. 3. Provide a n ame and location for your virtual machine and click Next. I suggest saving this in the same location that you will create your VHD file (step 6). 4. The next di alog prompts you for the operating system you will be running. Since Virtual PC 2007 SP1 isnt familiar with Windows 7, just 23 select Windows Vista from this lis t. Click Next.

5. The next dialog asks you how much RAM you would like to assign to your virtua l machine. This is always a balancing act to determine the right amount of RAM t o allocate to your virtual machine and how much to allow your host operating sys tem to utilize, but as a rule of thumb I suggest allocating 50% of your physical RAM to your virtual machine. For example, if you have 1GB of RAM in your comput er, try assigning 512MB to the virtual machine. Click Next when you have allocat ed your RAM. 6. Select A new virtual hard disk and click Next. 7. Give your new vi rtual hard disk a name and location. I suggest using a location that has at leas t 16GB of disk space available. An external (e.g. USB2) hard drive works well fo r this purpose since its portable and it allows your computer to load balance dis k IO between your system drive and the external drive. For Virtual hard disk size leave the default value and click Next when ready. 8. Click Finnish 24 04/26/09

9. Your Virtual PC Console should now have a new entry representing your new vir tual machine. Highlight this entry and click Start. 04/26/09 10. Your virtual machine should now boot up and look for an operating system to boot to. Since you havent installed an operating system yet, it will eventually t ime out with the message below. It might take a minute or two to time out while it looks for a network device to boot off of, so be patient. 25

04/26/09 11. Now from the top of the Virtual PC 2007 window click on CD > Capture ISO Ima ge and select the Windows 7 beta ISO image you downloaded in step 2. It should b e called 7000.0.0812121400_client_en-us_Ultimate-GB1CULFRE_EN_DVD.iso. This will mount the ISO image as a DVD drive available to your virtual machine. 12. Now simply select your virtual machine and press <Enter>. If youve done every thing right so far, then your virtual machine should now launch the Windows 7 Be ta setup! 26

13. The first few screens should be self-explanatory. When asked what type of in stallation you want, be sure to choose Custom (advanced) since you are not upgradi ng from a prior version of Windows. 14. The rest of the setup should be the same as any OS, but when you use your mo use to control your virtual Windows 7 OS, you wont be able to move your cursor ou tside of the virtual machine. To release the mouse 27 press the <right-ALT> key 04/26/09

CONGRATULATIONS!!!!!! 04/26/09 You have installed your first virtual windows 7 28

SUMMARY Virtual Machine is a platform that can help different OS to be used concurrently in one physical hardware. The using of virtual machine also help the developers to do some test on guest OS system, without concerning about its effects on hos t OS 04/26/09 29

REFERENCE 04/26/09 http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_advantages_or_disadvantages_of_virtual_machin http://www.pdf-search-engine.com/inside-process-virtual-machine-pdf.html http:/ /www.csc.lsu.edu/~gb/csc7700/Reading/smith-vm-overview.pdf http://blogs.msdn.com/briankel/archive/2009/01/10/installing-the-windows-7-betawith-v 30