ESD Awareness Program

ESD AWARENESS PROGRAM
(For Subcontractors)
Quality & CS RU India
ESD Awareness Ver 1.0 Q&CS RU India
May, 2010
All rights reserved @ 2010, Alcatel Lucent
ESD Awareness Program

Contents:
Introduction Type of ESD Failures Why ESD Management ? ESD Affect of Material Characteristics ESD Precautions at Sites ESD Symbols ESD Control Rules Questionnaire References / Related Trainings
May, 2010
ESD Awareness Program Introduction (1/4)

Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) poses a serious problem to industries that use electronic devices. Many devices are highly sensitive to damage from the discharge of static electricity, which usually cannot be seen or felt. ESD affects many components such as diodes, transistors, integrated circuit devices, metal-oxide-semiconductors (MOS), optoelectronic devices (lasers and photodiodes), surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters, and film passive components, etc. Device failures do not always occur immediately; often, the component is only slightly weakened or altered, but is less able to withstand subsequent ESD exposure and may constitute a reliability problem. It is essential that everyone in the product life cycle (design & development, manufacturing, integration, distribution, installation, commissioning and repair) be concerned with ESD.
May, 2010

What is ESD (Electro Static Discharge) ?
Static charge is generated whenever two different materials come into contact or are rubbed together and then separated. Electrostatic Discharge, or ESD is the sudden transfer of a static charge. A familiar example of ESD is the "zap" that you feel during cold or dry weather after walking across a carpeted room and touching a metal door knob. The creation of a charge when materials are separated is termed triboelectric charging
May, 2010

Typical Electrostatic Voltages
Walking on synthetic surface... Upto 35000V Removal of bubble sheet from assemblies Upto 26000V Removal of assemblies from foam sheet .... Upto 21000V Person walking across vinyl floor ..... Upto 12000V Relative movement on chair ..... Upto 6000V Note: ESD charge generation is high in dry atmospheres ( low humidity- below 30 % RH) & less at RH of around 50 to 60%. For this reason, the electronic manufacturing industries maintains the Relative Humidity between a fixed range
May, 2010

Sources of Static Charge -Example
Work Surfaces Chairs Clothing Floors Packaging Material Formica, Finished wood, Synthetic Mats, Underground Metal, Glass or Fiberglass Fiber Glass, Vinyl, Other Plastics, Underground Metal, Finished Wood Clean Room Garments, Finger Cots, Gloves, Wool, Synthetics, Shoes and Boots Carpeted, Vinyl, Waxed Polyethylene Bags, Bubble Pack Material, Foam, Packing Pallets, Plastic Trays and Boxes
May, 2010
ESD Awareness Program Type of Failures

What is an ESD Event?
The rapid, uncontrolled discharge of a static charge through an ESD sensitive device leading to the latent or immediate failure of the device is called an ESD event. Often the discharge cannot be felt, heard or seen, but it may still damage ESD sensitive devices.
What are the types of ESD failures?

Complete failure due to local heating and melting of junctions within the device Cumulative failure due to multiple ESD exposures Time dependent failure due to a weakening of the device from exposure to ESD events
How is an ESD failure diagnosed?

ESD failures are often not immediately apparent. To diagnose an ESD failure the device (usually a micro-chip) must be split open and inspected under a high-power microscope. Since Failure Diagnosis is a destructive, time-consuming and costly analysis, a better approach is to take proper ESD precautions.
May, 2010
ESD Awareness Program Why to Manage (1/3)

Why do we need to manage ESD?
ESD costs the industries who use electronic components billions of dollars annually in damaged/degraded parts and the associated costs of repair, rework, shipping, labor, and associated overhead. 40 50% of Field failures are due to ESD By the time a person is aware of a discharge, the voltage is high enough to damage many ESD sensitive devices. We feel the discharge if it is greater than 2,500 volts We hear the discharge if it is greater than 5,000 volts We see the discharge if it is greater than 8,000 volts
May, 2010
ESD Awareness Program ESD Sensitivity (2/3)

Many electronic components that are part of Alcatel-Lucent products can be damaged or destroyed by voltages of 100 to 3,000 volts (see table below for ESD sensitivity of common devices). Therefore, we need to take appropriate action to prevent these components from being damaged by ESD during the design, development, test, integration, distribution, installation, or service of Alcatel-Lucent products.
ESD Device Sensitivity (in volts) of Common Devices: Device Type MOSFET GaAsFET EPROM OP AMP CMOS Range of ESD Sensitivity (in Volts) 100-200 100-300 100-2,500 100-2,500 250-3,000
May, 2010
ESD Awareness Program ESD Safe Test Station (3/3)

Effective ESD Safe Testing Station
May, 2010
ESD Awareness Program Affect of Materials

How do material characteristics affect ESD?
Conductors and Insulators
Conductors such as metals, allow the flow of static charge and can eliminate the charge when connected to ground. Insulators such as Styrofoam, plastics, paper, cardboard and clothing will not allow a charge to flow. Therefore, grounding an insulator does not eliminate the charge. These materials can hold on to their static charges indefinitely. For this reason, insulative materials should be removed from areas with ESD sensitive devices.
Static Conductive and Static Dissipative Materials

Static conductive materials are the quickest to dissipate static charges. However, the discharge is at an uncontrolled rapid rate. As mentioned earlier, ESD sensitive devices can be easily damaged by such uncontrolled discharges. Therefore, always avoid contact between conductors and ESD sensitive devices. Equipment frames, metal storage shelves and carts are made of conductive materials. Static dissipative materials are preferable to conductive materials because charge dissipation occurs at a controlled, safe rate - neither too fast nor too slow. Static dissipative materials are used in bags, wrist straps, and table mats.
May, 2010
ESD Awareness Program Site Precautions (1/5)

ESD Precautions at Sites:
Usage of Wrist Straps / Wrist bands while handling the electronic assemblies Usage of Heel Strap Usage of antistatic bags for packaging of electronic assemblies Antistatic flooring ESD Caps
May, 2010

ESD Wrist Straps
Wrist straps are the primary means of controlling static charge on people and are the first line of defense against ESD damage. The wrist strap must be worn on a bare wrist, not over any article of clothing. ESD wrist straps must be tested before handling ESD sensitive devices.
May, 2010

ESD Mats and ESD Dissipative Work Surfaces
When working with ESD sensitive devices, it is important to be at an ESD safe work area or workstation. An ESD safe work area should be equipped with a grounded ESD wrist strap and a grounded ESD mat (see photo below) or ESD dissipative work surface.
A clean, dissipative and properly grounded ESD mat or work surface will absorb any static charges and discharge them to ground at a safe, controlled rate. A grounded ESD mat or work surface must have a ground cord with one end attached to the mat or surface and the other end connected to a ground point.
ESD Awareness Ver 1.0 Q&CS RU India May, 2010 All rights reserved @ 2010, Alcatel Lucent

Dos for Handling Electronic Assemblies
Always place ESD sensitive devices completely inside approved ESD bags. For larger devices where it is not practical to use bags (such as amplifiers or filters), ESD protective caps must be placed over all the connectors.
May, 2010

Donts for handling Electronic Assemblies
If the end of the bag is open (see photo on left below), the device is not protected. Similarly, taping multiple ESD bags together to form one large bag is unacceptable and does not provide adequate ESD protection. Unserviceable, damaged or perforated ESD bags must not be used and should be cut up and discarded to prevent future use. Circuit packs or other ESD sensitive devices stored in offices must also be protected in the same manner.
May, 2010
ESD Awareness Program -Symbols

The ESD Susceptibility Symbol consists of a triangle, a reaching hand, and a slash through the reaching hand. The triangle means caution and the slash through the reaching hand means Dont touch. Because of its broad usage, the hand in the triangle has become associated with ESD and the symbol literally translates to ESD sensitive stuff, dont touch. ESD Susceptibility symbol is applied directly to integrated circuits, boards and assemblies that are static sensitive. It indicates that handling or use of this item may result in damage from ESD if proper precautions are not taken.
ESD Susceptibility Symbol
The ESD Protective Symbol consists of the reaching hand in the triangle. An arc around the triangle replaces the slash. This umbrella means protection. The symbol indicates ESD protective material. It is applied to mats, wrist straps, packaging and other items that provide ESD protection.
ESD Protective Symbol
May, 2010
ESD Awareness Program Rules to Control ESD

Rules for ESD Control
Tested and properly grounded wrist straps are the first line of defense against ESD damage. Assume all electronic components and assemblies are ESD sensitive. Handle all circuit packs by the faceplate or latch and by the top and bottom outermost edges. Never touch the components, conductors or connector pins. Never touch an unprotected ESD sensitive device unless properly grounded. Never place any item between the ESD sensitive device and the ESD table mat or work surface, including ESD bags. Never transport, store or handle ESD sensitive devices without using appropriate ESD protection.
May, 2010
ESD Awareness Program Questionnaire (1/4)

Q1.Before handling ESD sensitive devices, an acceptable way to prevent an ESD event from occurring is to: A. Discharge yourself by simply touching ground or a conductive object B. Use a properly functioning and grounded ESD wrist strap C. Ground yourself with a straight piece of wire connected to an alligator clip D. All of the above Q2.Static charges are generated: A. Only when two highly charged materials are rubbed together B. Only when the humidity is very low C. Whenever two different materials contacts and separate D. Whenever two uncharged materials come into close proximity Q3.If a person does not feel a static discharge while handling an ESD sensitive device, it is not possible to damage the device: A. True B. False
ESD Awareness Ver 1.0 Q&CS RU India May, 2010 All rights reserved @ 2010, Alcatel Lucent

Q4.Static dissipative bags protect ESD sensitive circuit packs: When the pack is placed on top of the bag When the pack is grasped with the bag like a potholder or mitt When the pack is placed completely inside the bag with the ends folded over All of the above Q5.ESD wrist straps: A. Are the primary means of controlling static charge on people B. Are the first line of defense against ESD damage C. Can safely drain a static charge from an individuals body D. All of the above Q6.A person can not feel an ESD discharge until it is greater than: A. 200 volts B. 500 volts C. 1,000 volts D. 2,500 volts
May, 2010

Q7.ESD wrist straps should always be worn on a bare wrist: True False Q8.How should larger ESD sensitive devices or assemblies be stored or transported when its not practical to use ESD bags: A. Store or transport without ESD protection B. Tape multiple ESD bags together to form one large ESD bag C. With ESD protective caps placed over all the connectors D. All of the above
May, 2010
ESD Awareness Program Answers (4/4)

Answers to Questionnaire
Q1. Q2. Q3. Q4. Q5. Q6. Q7. Q8. B -Use a properly functioning and grounded ESD wrist strap C -Whenever two different materials contacts and separate B -False C -When the pack is placed completely inside the bag with the ends folded over D -All of the above D -2,500 volts A -True C -With ESD protective caps placed over all the connectors
May, 2010
ESD Awareness Program Training/ Documents

Alcatel Lucent ESD related Trainings / Documents
Link to ALU learning portal:

https://training.alcatel-lucent.com/Saba/Web/Main Training Module: LMQ114W Electrostatic Discharge and Calibration certificate
Other ESD related documents:

QMS-L2-09 (ALU QMS Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Protection and Control Process) QMS-L4-06 (ESD & Calibration Self Assessment Checklist) QMS-L4-07 (ESD Log Sheet)
May, 2010
www.alcatel-lucent.com
May, 2010

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Quality & CS RU India

ESD Awareness Ver 1.0 Q&CS RU India

All rights reserved @ 2010, Alcatel Lucent