WavEC 5year Activity 2003-2008

WAVECS 5 YEARS
OF ACTIVITIES
2003-2008
Editorial
Antnio J.n.A. SArmento
Message from the
Director of the
WavEC
the Pico Pilot Plant, in the frame of a project
fnanced by DEMTEC/PRIME and by some
associated companies, was equally impor-
tant not only to improve the knowledge of
wave energy in Portugal but also because it
allowed to create a testing infrastructure at
a real scale. Due to its dimension, this proj-
ect was also structural, because, along with
a network of young Wavetrain research-
ers, fnanced by the European Union in the
frame of the 6th FP, it allowed to establish a
working team which is the WavECs base. The
Wavetrain, through which around 15 young
European researchers were trained, also
gave a strong international visibility to the
Wave Energy Centre. That visibility resulted
from the quality of the research work and
from the fact that these young researchers
are, in general terms, presently working in
companies (technologists, service providers,
promoters, etc.) with activities in this sector.
The activity to promote the introduction
of public policies to support wave energy,
namely the introduction of a special tar-
if and the defnition of the Pilot Zone for
wave energy, was also particularly relevant.
In the last two of this fve years period, the
Centres activity has been very connected
to a set of projects funded by the European
Union, especially adapted to the Centres
mission: the WAVEPLAM, with the objec-
tive of identifying the non-technological
barriers of wave energy and the mitigation
mechanisms of those barriers; the AQUARET,
with the goal of promoting e-learning in
the aquatic renewable energies area; the
EQUIMAR, which is set to identify good
practice and standardization measures in
maritime renewable energies, being the
WavEC responsible for the environmental
area; and fnally the CORES, which is the
only project of more technological charac-
teristics, where the Centre is responsible
for the development of a numerical model
of a fuctuating oscillating water column.
Also, the rendering of services to national
and foreign companies has increased con-
siderably over the last two years, being par-
ticularly gratifying to see that companies like
Shell, Iberdrola and Energy Technologies In-
stitute have requested the Centres services
more than once. It is equally interesting to
see that in number, although not in value,
there are more foreign than national clients.
Finally it is equally important to underline
the contribution of the WavEC to inter-
national cooperation: the WavEC was co-
founder and is a member of the Board of
the European Ocean Energy Association, it
assures the secretariat of the Ocean Energy
Systems Implementing Agreement (IEA-
The Wave Energy Centre Centro de Energia
das Ondas (WavEC) is a private non-proft or-
ganization which was created in May 2003.
According to Article 2 of its Statutes, the
WavECs objective is to promote and support
the cooperation between companies, the re-
search and fnancing institutions and other
entities, bearing in mind the development,
promotion, support for commercialization
and transfer to the industry of the wave
energy technologies for the production of
electricity, freshwater, hydrogen or any other
products of economic interest, as well as oth-
er forms of renewable energies associated to
the oceans. Initially formed by 10 associates,
the Centre has now 15, involving compa-
nies from the energetic, industry and ser-
vices sectors, as well as national institutions
of the scientifc and technological system.
As it is still a very recent institution, the WavEC
has been searching for its own space and vo-
cation, in Portugal, in the European Union and
abroad. Having been created with no private
or public dowry, the Centre has been trying
to develop self-fnanced projects, in the con-
text of its mission, that are able to promote
the creation of an interdisciplinary team and
reinforce Portugals position as one of the
leading countries regarding wave energy.
From an initial team of 2 people and a bud-
get of around 60.000 in 2003, the Cen-
tre had, in 2008, a permanent team of 10
people and a budget around 1.000.000,
from which only 5% was from the associ-
ates fees, while 15% were from national
R&D projects, 20 % from rendering of ser-
vices and the remaining 60% from European
funding associated to 5 running projects.
The WavECs technical team covers the hy-
drodynamics, technology, environment
and monitoring areas. The WavEC also has
dissemination and secretariat services.
During the frst three years of activity the
Centre has directed its attention to the pro-
motion and dissemination of wave energy
to the public in general, but mainly to com-
panies and to the State. The development
of a study to the DGGE - Direco Geral de
Geologia e Energia (the Portuguese Gen-
eral Directorate for Geology and Energy)
regarding the potential of wave energy in
Portugal was an important step towards
that dissemination strategy. The recovery of
OES) and gave an important collaboration to
the establishment of the protocol between
the Portuguese and American governments
regarding wave energy, signed in 2008.
After completing the frst fve year of exis-
tence and facing the state of development
of technology, the presently existing condi-
tions in Portugal for the dynamization of a
wave energy market, its positive integra-
tion into the enterprise network and public
administration and the existing excellent
international connections, the Wave En-
ergy Centre believes that it must develop
into a Centre of Competences with inter-
national visibility, supported by companies
and national R&D institutions and taking
advantage of the Pilot Zone. This kind of
institution is important to guarantee the ap-
pearance of a new industry, supported by
an industrial cluster and services supported
in know-how and scientifc knowledge. It is
also important to enhance and give interna-
tional visibility to national competences in
this domain, a fundamental aspect to open
the way beyond frontiers to our companies.
Due to the increasing interest and proxim-
ity of the subject and the challenges that
it poses, the WavEC also intends to dedi-
cate its attention to wind ofshore energy,
mainly the fuctuating feld to be installed
into a water depth of 50 metres, or more.
As a whole, the exploitation of wave energy
and wind ofshore may give a very signifcant
contribution to the production of electric
energy and to the economic development
of the country, that needs to be dynam-
ized and challenged. A preliminary analysis
shows that these two areas may contribute
to the development of an economic activ-
ity in industry and services, capable to con-
tribute directly to more than 1% of our GDP
during 30 to 40 years. This represents a cre-
ation of around 30.000 to 40.000 new jobs, of
which 3.000 to 4.000 will be of upper man-
agement and around 300 to 400 of research-
ers. The scale of this process means that
the country needs to prepare itself, namely
through the development of suitable tech-
nological and scientifc competences and of
well prepared sectors that will enhance the
necessary industrial innovation and the de-
velopment of a network of competent and
competitive suppliers of goods and services.
01
02
Index
EDITORIAL # 01
Message from the Director of the WavEC # 01

INTRODUCTION # 03 - 05
PROJECTS # 06 - 15
OWC Demonstration # 06 - 07
WAVETRAIN # 08 - 09
Co-ordinated Action on Ocean Energy # 10
Aqua-RET # 11
WAVEPLAM # 12
WEAM # 13
CORES # 14
EQUIMAR # 15
RENDERING OF SERVICES # 16 - 17
PROMOTION ACTIVITIES AND DISSEMINATION # 18 - 22
IEA-OES # 21
EU-OEA # 22
MAIN ACTIVITIES # 23 - 28
Monitoring # 23
Technologies # 24
Numerical Modelling # 25
Legislation # 26
Environment # 27
Training # 28
ThE TEAM # 29 - 31
Consultative and management bodies # 29
The Team # 30 - 31
PUBLICATIONS # 32 - 35
CONTACTS # 36
03
Introduction
With its vast area of ocean, Portugal is one of the European coun-
tries that ofer the best natural conditions to the development
of wave energy. Our country has a mild weather, relative deep
waters near the coast and a medium-high energetic resource.
It gathers also good infra-structures conditions near the exten-
sion of the occidental coastline. It is also important to refer the
technical-scientifc knowledge that exists in the country and
the growing interest of entities willing to invest in this area.

The founding of the Wave Energy Association
In this context the Wave Energy Centre (WavEC) appears,
founded in 2003 as a private non-proft association aiming to
develop wave energy and support companies and research
centres in the area, through technical and political strategies.
The idea of the creation of the Wave Energy Centre in Portu-
gal was frst announced publically at the international event
Oceans III Millennium, 1st International Congress on Marine Sci-
ence and Technology, being held in Pontevedra / Spain in 2001.
Two years later and with a team of four people one Di-
rector, one secretary and two young researchers of the
Instituto Superior Tcnico (Technical University of Lis-
bon) the WavEC was founded with 10 associates.

The associates
The WavEC gathers 15 associates from diferent sectors, such as
energy and industry, consultancy agencies and two wave en-
ergy promoters, interested in the development of wave energy.
Presently the associates of the WavEC are the following: A. Silva
Matos - Metalomecnica, SA.; Consulmar - Projectistas e Con-
sultores Lda. (Project planning and consulting); EDA - Electri-
cidade dos Aores (Electricity of the Azores); EDP - Energias de
Portugal (Electricity of Portugal); Efacec Engenharia SA. (Elec-
tronic Engineering); Enersis, Sociedade Gestora de Participaes
Sociais (substituted in 2009 by CEO - Companhia da Energia
Ocenica, S.A.); GALP Energia SA.; Generg, Sociedade Gestora
de Participaes Sociais; GWH Energia das Ondas, Unipessoal,
Lda.; Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovao,
IP (now Laboratrio Nacional de Energia e Geologia (LNEG));
Instituto Superior Tcnico (Technical University of Lisbon);
Irmos Cavaco, SA.; Kymaner, Tecnologias Energticas Lda.;
LAMTEC (Laboratrio da Universidade dos Aores) and Martifer.

Mission of the WavEC
The mission of the WavEC is to ensure the necessary techno-
logical and scientifc support to its associates, to increase their
participation in national and European projects, partnerships
among the associates and between these and other national or
international entities.
On the other hand, the WavEC aims to promote the exploita-
tion of wave energy and ocean energetic resources and to
contribute to stating Portugals status in the world as one of
the leading countries in terms of ocean energy. The WavEC also
promotes the training of qualifed technical researchers in this
feld.
Figure: Evolution of the number of associates and WavEC personnel
04
Introduction
The team
The team of the Wave Energy Centre has been increasing
in number and is composed of specialists in diverse areas,
such as hydrodynamics of wave energy, numerical model-
ling, environment, monitoring and communication. The
President of the Board of Directors is Prof. Antnio Sarmen-
to, associate professor at the Technical University of Lisbon,
specialised in wave energy for more than three decades.
Our activities
The activities of the WavEC include rendering of ser-
vices to entities and companies interested in the de-
velopment of wave energy in Portugal and other coun-
tries, environmental impact studies, monitoring of
prototypes, numerical modelling, technological assessment,
identifcation of opportunities for business and public policies.
Training is another area of our activities, possible mainly
through the European Marie Curie Research Training Net-
works WAVETRAIN I project, responsible for the creation of a
group of young researchers in the feld of wave energy. The
multinational Initial Training Network project WAVETRAIN II,
started in October 2008 and will continue this training action.
Besides these activities, the WavEC aims to promote collaboration
between companies, R&D entities and governmental bodies in
identifying business opportunities in the feld, through dissem-
ination activities. The WavEC is also a founding member of the
European Ocean Energy Association (EU-OEA) and develops the
secretariat of the Ocean Energy Systems Implementing Agree-
Image: Our areas of activities
05
Introduction
ment (IEA-OES), both active organizations in the feld of wave energy.
Our clients
During these fve years, our main clients have been: AWS II BW,
DGGE Direco-Geral de Energia e Geologia (Energy and Geo-
logy Directorate General), EDP, Enersis (now CEO), GALP Power,
Wave Dragon ApS, Arthur D. Little, ETI - Energy Technologies In-
stitute and other multinational companies of the energetic sector.

Projects
A signifcant part of the activities of Wave Energy Centre is related
to technological or non-technological R&D projects, both national
and European and as coordinator or partner.
During these fve years of activities, the WavEC has coordinated a
national project aiming to recover the wave plant located on the
Pico Island, Azores. This project, fnanced by the DEMTEC-PRIME
programme, occupied a signifcant amount of work during the
frst years of existence of the association.
On an international level, we highlight our participation in the
WAVETRAIN project as administrative and technical coordinator.
This project obtained funding from the European Commission
and made it possible to recruit several researchers in the wave en-
ergy feld for the participant organisations and the WavEC itself.
The projects of the WavEC are:
Refurbishment and monitoring of the OWC Pilot Plant on the Pico Island
in the Azores. PRIME-DEMTEC (2004 - 2006, Coordinator);
WAVETRAIN Marie Curie European Research Training Network (2004-
2008, Coordinator);
Co-ordination Action on Ocean Energy (CA-OE) (2004-2007);
Aqua-RET Aquatic Renewable Energy Technologies (2006-2008);
WAVEPLAM WAVe energy PLAnning and Marketing (2007-2010);
WEAM Wave Energy Acoustic Monitoring (2007-2010, Coordinator);
CORES Components for Renewable Ocean Energy Systems (2008-
2011);
EQUIMAR Equitable Testing and Evaluation of Marine Energy Extraction
Devices in Terms of Performance, Cost and Environmental Impact (2008-
2011);
WAVETRAIN2 - UE People ITN (2008-2011, Coordinator).
Income
The income of the Wave Energy Centre comes from the Euro-
pean Commission, national funding, and rendering of services,
scho-larship fees of the FCT Fundao para a Cincia e a Tec-
nologia (Science and Technology Foundation) and fees from
our associates. The following tables represent the evolution of
the income and expenses during the fve years of activities of
the WavEC. The graphic of the income shows that, despite the
fact that the income has not been constant during these years,
the majority results from the WavECs participation in projects,
both national and international. Regarding the evolution of ex-
penses, the graphic shows that the main expenses are related to
the refurbishment of the Pico Pilot Plant and the WavECs recur-
Evolution of Expenses from 2003 to 2007
Evolution of Income from 2003 to 2007
06
Demonstration of national capacity
OWC Demonstration
The frst major project managed by the
WavEC is called OWC (Oscillating Water
Column) Demonstration, a national pro-
ject that aimed to recover and test the
OWC Pico Plant, in the Azores, in order to
demonstrate the viability of this techno-
logy.
The project started in 2004 and fnished
in 2006. In the following year, and after
two years of its management, the WavEC
became the owner of the Pico device.
With its own human and fnancial resour-
ces, the WavEC continued the maintenance
and monitoring activities of the Pico Plant
in 2007. The data collected from the tests
on the OWC have improved the experi-
ence and knowledge on this technology
and can be adapted to other devices, for
both coastal and ofshore structures.

Funding and support
OWC Demonstration was a national fun-
ded project of the DEMTEC programme
(PRIME) and private investors (WavECs
associates), with large fnancial support
from EDP Electricity of Portugal - and
EFACEC Portuguese supplier of electri-
cal equipment.
The partners involved in this project were
our associates:
- EDA - Electricidade dos Aores (Electri-
city of the Azores)
- EDP - Energias de Portugal (Electricity of
Portugal)
- IST - Instituto Superior Tcnico (Techni-
cal University of Lisbon)
- INETI (now LNEG)
- Irmos Cavaco and Consulmar
- Kymaner - company that contributed to
the project and joined the WavEC at the
end of 2007 for technical support.
Projects
General Information
Original Name: Demonstrao CAO
Funding: PRIME / DEMTEC (national public funding) and associates (private funding)
Team Coordinator: Frank Neumann
Total Funding: : 797 598, 00
WavEC Funding: 538 410, 00
Duration: 24 months + 12
Coordinator: Wave Energy Centre
Other partners: EDP Energias de Portugal, EDA Electricidade dos Aores, Instituto
Superior Tcnico, INETI (now LNEG), Efacec, Irmos Cavaco, Consulmar and Kymaner (techni-
cal support)
Website: www.pico-owc.net
The frst major project
07
Five years of experience
The project in three phases
The development of the project has gone
through 3 important phases: refurbish-
ment, test and improvement. The frst one
consisted mainly in the refurbishment of
the Pico Plants mechanical and electrical
equipment initially installed at the plant. It
took place between October 2003 and Sep-
tember 2005. Mechanical components were
recovered and the generator reconnected.
The electronic and control equipment, ini-
tially located inside the plant was relocated
for security reasons into two containers at
a distance of around 100 meters inland. Be-
sides, a relief valve was installed in order to
reduce the pressure in the chamber and to
allow the turbine operation within higher
wave conditions.
The second phase of the project consisted
of testing the existing equipment, from
September 2005 to May 2006. During these
tests, excessive vibrations of the turbine
and its support were encountered, limiting
the operational rotational speed around
1200 rpm. The development of these tests
ended with an incident with the turbine
guide vanes.
From June to November 2005 and from July
to November 2006, two members of the
WavEC team, namely Frank Neumann (Op-
erator of the Pico Plant) and Ana Brito e
Melo (Data processing) were on site for
the development of the equipment and
new tests. The installation of new turbine
guide vanes and tests marked the begin-
ning of the new phase of operation.
Dissemination
The refurbishment operations of the Pico
Plant were accompanied by demonstra-
tion and dissemination activities. Papers,
technical and scientifc communications
and presentations in conferences took
place during this period, as well as train-
ing courses and organized visits for indi-
viduals/groups with interest in learning
more about this technology. On the 8th
November 2005 and 31st October 2006
the WavEC organized the projects public
demonstration sessions. Besides, a DVD is
available for dissemination purposes.
After the end of the project
Maintenance and monitoring activities
continue to take place at the OWC Pico
Plant after the end of the project with
progress at both structural and electronic
levels. From 2007 to June 2008, the WavEC
had a member of its team, Victor Winands
on site. Since June 2008, Victor has been
working for our associate Kymaner, con-
tinuing his work on the OWC device.
What is the major challenge to work at
the Pico Plant?
In the frst place to demonstrate that
the use of wave energy is possible! On
the other hand, this plant is a real chal-
lenge because of the successive pro-
blems that it has faced before and that
we have tried to solve: to demonstrate
that this plant works is my aim at the
moment.
As a surfer what is your vision about
wave energy?
Being a surfer was the moving force to
enter into this working feld. I under-
stand the fear of many surfers about
the possibility of wave energy farms
destroying the waves. Despite, I am
not familiar with any technology that
has a major impact on waves. Diverse
studies have been made to identify
this possible impact. Surfers have also
collaborated on these studies. At the
WavEC a researcher (and surfer) has
prepared a study on the impact of
wave energy on surfng areas in the
Portuguese Pilot Zone. In my opinion
the impact on the form and height of
the waves will be small. We should not
forget that we must change the way
we treat nature and make a balance
between various impacts. It would not
be wise for me to invest my time and
efort to work in this area if I was not
sure that wave energy is a good oppor-
tunity and that it will not destroy what
I most like to do: Surf!
Interview
Victor Winands
Pico Plant Operator since 2007
Interview: September 2008
Projects
Victor Winands
08
A new generation of wave energy re-
searchers
WAVETRAIN
An international challenge
Wavetrain was the frst major European
project coordinated by WavEC, funded
by the European Commission Sixth
Framework Programme under the spe-
cifc Marie Curie Action. The main aim
of the project was to train a group of
scientists in the feld of wave energy.
The WavEC coordinated administratively
and technically the project that started in
June 2004, as a result of its well succeeded
proposal. The network joined eight Eu-
ropean universities, one national public
entity and two wave energy developers.
The main objective of the project was to
create a training network of researchers
in the feld of wave energy, specialized
specifcally in device modelling and de-
sign, device components, socio-economic
and environmental impact assessment
and evaluation of existing power plants,
such as the Oscillating Water Column of
the Pico Plant, AWS and Wave Dragon.
Wavetrain at the WavEC
The project allowed the WavEC to have
3 researchers in its team: Veronica
La Regina (Italy), specialist in Econo-
mics, Iain Russell (United Kingdom)
and Cristina Huertas Olivares (Spain),
specialists in the environmental area.
The beginning of 2008 marked the end
of WAVETRAIN and today the project is
well known internationally. The involved
researchers have been presenting their
papers in diverse international confe-
rences and thus disseminating wave en-
ergy technology and the project itself.
Besides the exchange of knowledge
in the feld of wave energy, difer-
ent short courses have taken place
for all participants in the projects
and other interested researchers.
The multinational Initial Training Network
project WAVETRAIN II, started at the end of
2008 and will continue this training action.
Projects
General Information
Funding: 6FP of the European Commission
Team Coordinator: Frank Neumann
Total Funding: 1 823 900,00
WavEC Funding: 284 831,38
Duration: 45 months
Coordinator: Instituto Superior Tcnico, (Management by the WavEC)
Other partners: Teamwork Technology, SPOK ApS, Queens University Belfast, Ecole
Centrale Nantes, Cork University, University of Edinburgh, INETI (now LNEG Laboratrio
Nacional de Energia e Geologia), Technische Universiteit Delft and Chalmers
Website: www.wavetrain.info
Tests in laboratory - University of Edin-
burgh, 2006
Shortcourse: Wave Energy Environmental
Issues, Denmark, 2007
Field trip to Wavebob, Galway Bay, Ireland,
2006
Shortcourse: Monitoring, Lab. of Queens
University, Ireland , 2006
09
Short Courses
During the three years of existence of the project
six short courses have been organized:
Ocean Wave Energy Fundamentals - Chalmers
University of Technology 23rd of May to 3rd of
June 2005;
Numerical Modelling of Wave Energy Devices -
Ecole Centrale de Nantes: 27th of June to 8th of
July 2005;
Physical Modelling and Monitoring - HMRC Uni-
versity College Cork and Queens University Bel-
fast: 10th to 16th of May 2006;
Power-Take-Of Systems - University of Edin-
burgh: 4th to 8th of December 2006;
Wave Energy Environmental Issues - Spok ApS:
23rd to 25th of April 2007;
Wave Energy Realities Pico Island, Azores -
WavEC: 24th to 28th of September 2007.
Shortcourse: Wave Energy Realities, Pico
Island, Azores, 2007
Projects
Participants
Instituto Superior Tcnico - Portugal
Pierpaolo Ricci (Italy) and Florent Thibaut (France)
Teamwork Technology BV - The Netherlands
Miguel Prado (Portugal)
SPOK ApS - Denmark
James Tedd (United Kingdom)
Queens University Belfast - Ireland
Joseph vant Hof (The Netherlands)
WavEC - Portugal
Iain Russell (United Kingdom), Veronica la Regina (Italy) and
Cristina Huertas Olivares (Spain)
Ecole Centrale de Nantes - France
Jos Carlos Lopes (Portugal), Martin Kamensky (Slovenia) and
Lorenzo Baos (Spain)
University College Cork - Ireland
Rebecca Church (England) and Julien Cretel (France)
The University of Edinburgh - United Kingdom
Joo Cruz (Portugal), Jorge Lucas (Portugal), Remy Pascal (France)
and Andr Delrue (The Netherlands)
INETI - Portugal
Jean Baptiste Saulnier (France)
Technische Universiteit Delft - The Netherlands
Mattia Scuotto (Italy)
Chalmers Tekniska hogskola AB - Sweden
John FitzGerald (Ireland)
Interview with Frank Neumann
Associate Director of the WavEC
What is the meaning of WAVETRAIN?
The WAVETRAIN project had a very im-
portant characteristic that was only
noticed during the development of
the project: the creation of an inter-
national homogeneous group of re-
searchers in the technological feld.

The collaboration base that this group rep-
resents for future projects is a unique added
value for the technological development.
Interview with Veronica La Regina in-
vited researcher economic aspects
What did the WAVETRAIN project meant
to you?
Wavetrain was an excellent experience for
me with a double multicultural meaning. In
the frst place due to the fact that the proj-
ect was Portuguese and I have stayed in this
country with my typical Italian personality.

On the other hand, because it was in the
feld of engineering and I have studied so-
cial sciences (law and economy).
Interview with Florent Thiebaut
WAVETRAIN researcher
In what way did this project open job
opportunities in the feld of wave en-
ergy?
WAVETRAIN was a very interesting ex-
perience to start a career in the feld of
wave energy. It allowed me to work in
a project with direct relation to these
technologies, as the Oscillating Wa-
ter Column in the Azores, Portugal.

It allowed me to learn about the develop-
ment of the Oscillating Water Column and
to know the characteristics and limitations
of the Wells turbine.
10
The Co-ordinated Action on Ocean Energy
(CA-OE) started in 2004 with funding of the
6th FP of the European Commission. It con-
tinued for 39 months with 40 partners and
20 associated partners from 15 countries.
CA-OE main objective was to promote
the cooperation between the players
in the energy sector, to promote and
disseminate ocean energy technolo-
gies and to establish a common know-
ledge base necessary for coherent de-
velopment of R&D policies in Europe.
The main activity of the project con-
sisted in the organisation of interactive
workshops as a vehicle to exchange,
present and analyse important infor-
mation for ocean energy development.
The topics of the 5 workshops were: 1.
Numerical modelling and tank testing,
2. Components and power take-of, 3.
Structural design, 4. Performance as-
sessment and 5. Environmental impact.

WavECs role
An important aspect of the CA-OE pro-
ject was the component of exchange of
personnel to strengthen the expertise
by mobility and exchange of personnel.
The CA-OE therefore included funding to
provide grants to researchers to pay short
exchange visits to diferent institutions
working in similar areas with the aim of
integrating this knowledge in their work.
This component of personnel exchange
was coordinated by WavEC.
Projects
General Information
Funding: 6FP of the European
Commission
Team Coordinator: Ana Brito e
Melo
Total Funding: 1500 000,00
Duration: 39 months
Coordinator: Rambll
Other Partners: Core-group:
University of Strathclyde, Centre
For Renewable Energy Sources,
University College Cork, HMRC,
WavEC; Ocean Energy Devel-
opers: Ocean Power Delivery
Ltd, Teamwork Technology BV,
Queens University Belfast, Insti-
tuto Superior Tcnico, Aqua Ener-
gy UK, Ldt, Wave Dragon ApS, In-
genioerfrma Eric Rossen,, Ocean
Energy Limited, WavePlane Pro-
duction A/S, MT Power, C J Day
Associates, Ponte di Archimedes
S.p.A, UNESCO-IHE Institute for
Water Education, Electricit de
France; R&D institutions: Aalborg
University, The University of Edin-
burgh, Ecole Centrale de Nantes,
Group ESIM, Bulgarian Ship Hy-
drodynamics Centre, University
of Southampton, Ghent Univer-
sity, Universitt Hannover, Upp-
sala University, Division for Elec-
tricity and Lightening Research,
UNIVERSITY OF PATRAS, Swedish
Seabased Energy AB, Chalmers
Tekniska Hgskola AB, Technis-
che Universiteit Delft, Technische
Universitaet Muenchen, National
Technical University of Athens,
Naval Arrch & Mar Engng., Ecofys
bv, INETI (now LNEG), The Robert
Gordon University, POWERTECH
LABS INC., DHI Water & Environ-
ment, Lancaster University, SPOK
Aps and Institut Franais de Re-
cherche pour lxploitation de la
Mer
Website: http://www.wave-en-
ergy.net/
Wind ofshore farm, Copenhagen
Co-ordinated Action on Ocean
Energy
Workshops

Modelling Ocean Energy System (4-5
April 2005, Aalborg, Denmark)
Component Technology and Power Take-
of (2-3 November 2005, Uppsala, Sweden)
System Design, Construction, Reliability
and Safety (30-31 March 2006, Amster-
dam, The Netherlands)
Performance Monitoring of Ocean
Energy Systems (16-17 November 2006,
Lisbon, Portugal)
Environmental, Economics, Development
Policy and Promotional Opportunities (23-
25 April 2007, Copenhagen, Denmark)
Shortcourse: Environmental Issues on Ocean Energy, Denmark
Aqua-RET Aquatic Renewable Energy
Technologies
11
Aquatic Renewable Energy Technologies
(Aqua-RET) is an EU funded Leonardo
da Vinci project that developed a set of
e-learning tools on marine renewable
energy to inform the general public and
to stimulate companies to intervene in
the marine renewable energy industry.

Participant countries
The project started in October 2006 and
continued until the end of 2008.
It gathered entities and institutes of
countries such as Cyprus, Greece, Ro-
mania, Scotland, Ireland and Portugal.

A new training concept
Through e-learning modules using the la-
test multimedia tools, the user is informed
about the existing marine renewable en-
ergy technologies, how aquatic renewable
energy technologies work, how they ft
into the landscape and how they beneft
the economy.
The outcomes of the Aqua-RET project
are a unit of e-learning modules, avai-
lable online or on CD-ROM, supported by
complimentary educational posters based
on the aquatic renewable energy tech-
nologies (run-of-river, tidal impoundment,
tidal stream, wave, and ofshore wind), to
be used by everyone interested in aquatic
renewable energy.
Projects
3rd Meeting : Atens, Greece, 2008
General Information
Commission (Leonardo da Vinci II
programme)
Team Coordinator: Frank Neu-
mann
Duration: 24 months
Coordinator: Aqua TT UETP Ltd.
Other Partners: Cyprus Institute
of Energy; CRES; La Tene Maps; Uni-
versity Politehnica of Bucharest;
Aquatera Ltd; Scottish Renewables
Forum Ltd and WavEC.
Website:http://www.aquaret.com/
Poster of Wave Energy
12
Projects
WAVEPLAM
WAVe Energy PLAnning and Marketing
The WAVEPLAM - Wave Energy Planning
and Marketing - project started at the end
of October 2007 and will run until 2010.
The project is funded by the European
Commission under the Intelligent Energy
Executive Agency programme and its pur-
pose is to develop tools, establish methods
and standards, and to create conditions to
speed up the introduction of ocean en-
ergy into the European renewable energy
market, tackling in advance non-techno-
logical barriers and conditioning factors
that may arise when these technologies
are available for large-scale development.
Eight participants are involved in this proj-
ect from the following EU member coun-
tries: Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom,
Greece, Ireland, Belgium and Denmark.
A Wave Energy European Market
Despite the fact that in these last years
there has been an increase in wave ener-
gy research, it is necessary to gather all ef-
forts in order to create a European ocean
energy market. The WAVEPLAM project
will contribute to the creation of this mar-
ket through diverse actions.
At a frst stage, the involved entities will
contribute to the creation of this market
increasing the knowledge of decision
makers and investors about the state of
the art, the diferent non-technological
barriers and the best practices to over-
come them and build the proper tools to
create the conditions to speed up the in-
terest and the investment in wave energy
projects among target groups.
Wave Energy Marketing
One of WAVEPLAMs expected results is to
guarantee communication and transfer
of knowledge with relevant agents and
institutions throughout Europe and to fa-
cilitate the creation of networks through
projects. This way, through its dissemi-
nation actions, the WAVEPLAM aims to
develop tools, create standard methods
and the necessary conditions to speed
up the introduction of ocean energy into
the European renewable energy market.
General Information
Commission (Intelligent Energy
Executive Agency Programme)
Team Coordinator: Cristina Huer-
tas Olivares until October 2008
/ Frank Neumann from October
2008 onwards
Duration: 36 months
Coordinator: EVE Ente Vasco de
la Energa
Other Partners: Fundacin
Robotiker, Wavegen, Centre for
Renewable Energy Sources (CRES),
University College Cork, Euro-
pean Ocean Energy Association
(EU-OEA), Wave Dragon ApS and
WavEC.
Website: www.waveplam.eu
Newsletter
The frst newsletter of the WAVE-
PLAM project, prepared by the
WavEC, is available for download
on the projects website. To obtain
the next publications, please sign
in for free on the website.
13
Projects
WEAM

Wave Energy Acoustic Monitoring
At the end of 2007 a new project, named
WEAM, Wave Energy Acoustic Monito-
ring, joined the WavECs list of activities.
This project obtained national fund-
ing from the Fundao para a Cincia e
a Tecnologia (Science and Technology
Foundation) and has the objective to de-
velop an instrumentation chain suitable
for the assessment of possible underwa-
ter noise caused by wave energy con-
verters and to set up a monitoring plan.
Coordinated by the Wave Energy Centre,
the WEAM project started in November
2007 with the collaboration of CINTAL
- Centro de Investigao Tecnolgica
do Algarve (Technological Investiga-
tion Centre) for a period of 36 months.
Monitoring Plan
The WEAM project will study and de-
velop an underwater noise monito-
ring plan in order to prevent and as-
sess the impact of possible underwater
noise caused by wave energy con-
verters, especially on marine fauna.
In an initial phase it is expected that noise
generation by single Wave Energy De-
vices (WED) is small. However, the pres-
ence of a large number of converters in
the same area (wave energy farm) ope-
rating in an almost continuous way may
eventually cause some environmental
impact. Up until now there have been no
acoustic environmental impact studies
based on real data or experiences on how
such acoustic monitoring must be done.
The development of a validated monito-
ring system, the characterization of up to
three wave energy prototypes or farms of
diferent technologies and the set-up of an
acoustic monitoring plan are the expected
results of this project. The results are ex-
pected to guide the development of a more
environmental friendly technology and to
clarify limits for the number and density
of wave energy devices in a wave farm.

Phases of development of the Project
The project is structured into three pha-
ses: 1) Development of monitoring equip-
ment; 2) Acoustic monitoring of at least
three wave energy farms; Pico Plant,
Azores, the Pelamis farm (of three de-
vices) and another prototype or available
farm for the 36 months of the project (in
the area of the pilot zone). 3) Setting up an
acoustic monitoring plan for wave energy.
General Information
Funding: National - Fundao para a Cincia e a Tecnologia (Science and Technology
Foundation)
Team Coordinator: Sofa Patrcio
Duration: 36 months
Coordinator: Wave Energy Centre
Other Partners: Centro de Investigao Tecnolgica do Algarve (CINTAL/UAlg)
Website: http://www.siplab.fct.ualg.pt/proj/weam.shtml
14
The CORES Components for Ocean
Renewable Energy Systems project, f-
nanced in the scope of the 7FP of the
European Commission (Research and
Technology Development - RTD Pro-
gramme), began in April 2008 and
will run over the next three years.
The CORES main objective is the creation of
a complete wave-to-wire modelling tool to
be applied to the OEbuoy technology, de-
veloped by the Irish company Ocean Ener-
gy. In the scope of this project an air turbine
will be built, a task that will be lead by the
IST - Instituto Superior Tcnico (Technical
University of Lisbon). Kymaner, an associ-
ate of the WavEC, participates in the tasks,
projecting and supplying the turbine.
The wave energy converters are in the
beginning of their development. The frst
generation of devices in a demonstra-
tion phase was installed on some coastal
lines and usually consists in Oscillating
Water Column (OWC) systems. The sys-
tems have evolved from fxed devices on
coastal lines to foating structures in deep
waters. It is in this scope that the CORES
project will focus its activities in the devel-
opment of new device concepts, energy
production components, control, moor-
ing, data collecting and instrumentation.
Another important objective of this
project is to reduce technical and non-
technical barriers on the marine environ-
ment and to reduce the costs per kWh of
generated energy. The new equipments
and concepts will be tested on a foating
OWC pilot plant, the OEBuoy, installed at
sea at the Galway Bay Test Site (Ireland).
The validated and verifed results will be
integrated into a holistic system model.
WavECs role
The WavECs role in this project is to de-
velop a wave-to-wire model applied to
the numerical simulation of the OEbuoy
performance equipped with an impulse
air turbine, being also responsible for
the integration of the sub-models in
the other work programmes, developed
by other partners of the projects, into
a toolbox to analyze the global opera-
tion of the foating OWC system and its
validation with real data from OEbuoy.
Projects
General Information
Commission (Research and Techno-
logy Development - RTD Pro-
gramme)
Team Coordinator: Ana Brito e
Melo
Duration: 36 months
Coordinator: University College
Cork/ Hydraulics & Maritime Re-
search Centre
Other partners: Aalborg Uni-
versitet, Alma Mater Studiorum
Universita di Bologna, Fundacion
Robotiker, Institut fr Solare Ener-
gieversorgunstechnik E.V., Instituto
Superior Tcnico, Kymaner Tec-
nologias Energticas Lda., Marine
Computation Services Ltd., Ocean
Energy Ltd., Queens University Bel-
fast, University of Exeter, University
of Limerick and WavEC.
Website: http://hmrc.ucc.ie/FP7/
cores.html
CORES
Components for Ocean Renewable Energy Systems
Components summary of the CORES Project (image on the left) and
OEbuoy installed at Galway Bay Test Site (Ireland), scale 1:4 (image on
the right)
15
The EQUIMAR - Equitable Testing and Evalu-
ation of Marine Energy Extraction Devices
in terms of Performance, Cost and Environ-
mental Impact project is funded by the Eu-
ropean Commission under the 7FP and star-
ted in April 2008 for a period of three years.

The main objective of this project is to
establish and apply standard metho-
dologies for the evaluation and tech-
nical implementation, characteriza-
tion of nature, of sea conditions, of
currents levels and recourse assessment
of areas where devices can be deployed.
Creation of protocols
The EQUIMAR project intends to create a
set of protocols aiming to evaluate marine
energy extraction devices. These proto-
cols will harmonise testing and evaluation
procedures across the wide variety of de-
vices presently available with the aim of
accelerating their adoption through the
combination of the technology and an
improved understanding of the environ-
mental and economic impacts associated
with the deployment of arrays of devices.
A series of protocols will be developed
through robust, auditable processes and
will be disseminated to the wider commu-
nity. Results from the EquiMar project will
establish a sound base for future standards.

Through this set of protocols, the project
will assess devices covering site selection,
device engineering design, scaling up of
designs, deployment of arrays of devices,
environmental impact, in terms of both bio-
logical & coastal processes, and economic
issues.
Projects
EQUIMAR
Equitable Testing and Evaluation of Marine
Energy Extraction Devices in terms of Per-
formance, Cost and Environmental Impact
General Information
Funding: 7FP of the European Commis-
sion
Team Coordinator: Cristina Huertas Oli-
vares until October 2008 / Teresa Simas
from October 2008 onwards
Duration: 36 months
Coordinator: University of Edinburgh
Other partners: The University of Edin-
burgh, Fundacin Robotiker, University
of Strathclyde, Electricit de France SA,
EU Ocean Energy Association, University
of Exeter, University College Cork, The
University of Manchester, Southampton
University, Institut Franais de Recherch
pour lExploitation de la Mer , Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche: Instituto di Sci-
enze Marine, Det Norske Veritas, Team-
work Technology, Pelamis Wave Power
Ltd, European Marine Energy Centre,
Wave Dragon, Uppsala University, Sea
Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Associa-
tion of Marine Sciences, Feisty Produc-
tions Ltd, Aalborg University, Rambll,
Actimar and WavEC.
Webpage: http://www.equimar.org/
16
Services
Rendering of services
The Wave Energy Centre is engaged, since
its foundation, in the rendering of services
to associates and non-associates and has
developed several consultancy reports
related, in their majority, to site selection
for the installation of wave energy devices,
characteristics of the Portuguese western
coast and state of the art of technologies in
this feld. The reports are mainly confden-
tial and thus not available for consultation.

Potential and strategy for the devel-
opment of wave energy in Portugal.

Year: 2004
Client: Direco-Geral de Energia e Geo-
logia (Energy and Geology General Direc-
torate). Available for consultation on the
WavECs website
This report analyses the potential impact
that wave energy might have in Portugal,
if it is confrmed as a technological and
economical viable alternative, and the na-
tional strategy to achieve this potential.
The main national entities with mari-
time jurisdiction were contacted in the
scope of this study, mainly those related
to maritime activities, fshery, military
exercises, submarine transport cables,
research activities on hydrocarbonates
and protected national areas. Various
diferent areas in the maritime domain
with some kind of restrictions have been
pointed out in order to estimate the po-
tential wave energy utilization. A map has
been drawn with possible areas of con-
cession on the Portuguese western coast,
between the bathymetry of 50 and 80 m.
Preliminary Site Selection Study for Dem-
onstration
Wave Farm in Portugal
Year: 2005
Client: Multinational Company of the oil
sector - Confdential
In this report, fve preferential sites were
identifed for the installation of wave en-
ergy farms along the Portuguese coast
in the near future. It also describes all
the available information that exists in
Portugal related to the exploitation of
wave energy on the Portuguese coast
(geological characteristics, bathymetry,
resource, protected natural areas, grid
connection capacity, etc) and related insti-
tutions and also how this data is available.

Wave Energy Technologies Evaluation
Study
Year: 2006
Client: EDP - Energias de Portugal (Elec-
tricity of Portugal) Confdential study
This study includes an initial evaluation
of wave energy technologies, in order
to contribute to an eventual decision of
EDP to get involved in this sector. The
study highlights all the main activities in
this feld. In the scope of the report, the
WavEC has produced an enquiry for the
technologists and analysed its results. The
outcome of this report was discussed in
a workshop organised by EDP with tech-
nical support of the WavEC. This work-
shop led to the selection of four tech-
nologies for future due-diligence by EDP.
17
Services
Wave Energy: State of the Art
Year: 2007
Client: National Energy Company - Con-
fdential
This report intended to give a wide
and actual perspective of wave energy
utilisation, namely technical, commer-
cial, economical, environmental, re-
search and development issues. The
report intended to give the client a gen-
eral overview of this feld and, if the out-
come was positive, a business strategy.
The report covered the following areas:
I) Potential and actual and future costs of
energy. II) Actual perspectives and incen-
tive policies. III) Main technologies and
comparative appreciation. IV) Environ-
mental impacts and confict of interests.
Site selection for the exploitation of re-
sources on the Portuguese western coast.

Year: 2007
Client: Multinational Energy Company
Confdential
Site selection study for the installation
of ofshore wave energy farms (in water
depths of about 50 m), with indication of
possible barriers on the Portuguese coast.
The approach used in the preliminary
study of the WavEC regarding the poten-
tial of wave energy utilisation on the Por-
tuguese western coast (2004) consists of a
detailed analysis of the previously identi-
fed potential zones for the concession of
wave energy farms.
This study also presents the diverse tech-
nology types proposed for the exploita-
tion of wave energy and the state of de-
velopment of a technology. It also gives a
brief focus to the technical and environ-
mental impacts of the diferent technolo-
gies, showing their advantages and disad-
vantages.
The economic involvement of the
wave energy technological feld and
the perspective of environmental im-
pacts of large scale utilization of wave
energy are also focused in the report.
Wave energy technology developers &
relevant support systems in key markets

Year: 2007
Client: European energy company Con-
fdential
This study was prepared by the WavEC in
collaboration with a Norwegian company
named Lovdal Venture by request of an
important European oil company.
A global vision of wave energy technology
developers was presented in the report as
well as the most relevant activities, inclu-
ding public incentives in certain key-mar-
kets. 56 wave energy conversion systems
were presented and described highlight-
ing its diferent principles.
The study also includes a brief note of the
most important reports published in the
last years.
Actual and comprehensive per-
spective of the wave energy sector

Year: 2007
Client: European energy company Con-
fdential
This study was prepared by the WavEC in
collaboration with a Norwegian company
named Lovdal Venture by request of an
important European oil company.
This report gives an overview of the actual
wave energy sector and intends to be a
baseline report for the client to evaluate
business opportunities in this fast grow-
ing emerging industry. Furthermore, it
gives a description of what is going on in
all the relevant countries in the world that
are involved in wave energy.
The report includes a list of the main or-
ganisations involved, research institutes
and contacts of technology developers
active in the development of wave energy
projects. The fnal chapter deals with the
future development of the industry.
Due Diligence

Year: 2007
Client: Multinational of energetic sector -
Confdential
Participation in due diligence process re-
lated to an advanced wave energy device
with technical recommendations in an
intermediate report. The client has shown
interest in continuing this render of ser-
vice in the future.

Wind ofshore status and opportunities

Year: 2008
Client: EDP - Confdential
The Wave Energy Centre developed, at re-
quest of EDP Inovao, a study of the de-
velopment of ofshore wind energy. This
study informed the client about the state
of the art of ofshore wind energy, market
opportunities and international political
scenery, global vision of legal aspects and
environmental apprehension and Portu-
guese business opportunities.

Wave Energy Technologies: Benchmark

Year: 2008
Client: Multinational of energetic sector -
Confdential
Benchmark study for the client. A set of
wave energy technologies were investiga-
ted and presented to the client for selec-
tion of 2 technologies for Due-diligence.
Disseminao
18
Dissemination

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2005 Seminar

Utilization of Wave Energy
Promotion and Dissemina-
tion Activities
2007 Seminar
Wave Energy Conversion
Technologies
During its fve years of existence,
WavEC has been trying to dissemi-
nate its activities and wave energy
in general, through several initia-
tives. It has been present in many
national and international confe-
rences related to ocean renewable
energies. In this scope, several tech-
nical papers have been published in
national and international journals.
In 2005 the Centre organized its frst tech-
nical seminar: Utilization of Wave Energy,
which took place at the Pavilion of Know-
ledge Cincia Viva, Parque das Naes,
in Lisbon, with around 110 participants.
The event was attended by the Assistant
Secretary of State for Industry and Inno-
vation, Professor Antnio Castro e Guerra,
the Secretary of State for the Environ-
ment, Professor Humberto Rosa, and the
Secretary of State for Science, Technology
and Higher Education, Professor Manuel
Heitor.
The seminar Wave Energy: Technologies
and Challenges, organized by GALP Energia
in partnership with the WavEC, took place
in June 2007 and complements the report
Wave Energy: State of the Art, made by
WavEC for GALP Energia. The seminars ob-
jective was to identify and discuss the main
technological, operational, environmental
and economic issues regarding the utiliza-
tion of wave energy, with the goal to sup-
port GALP Energia in getting an overview of
this theme. This meeting gathered national
specialists in several areas, relevant for the
utilization of wave energy: hydrodynam-
ics, control, operationality, survivability,
materials, moorings, ofshore operations,
environmental impacts, electrical connec-
tions and grid integration, among others.
19
Dissemination
The seminar Wave Energy Realities was
organized in the scope of the European
project Marie Curie Research Training
Networks WAVETRAIN and had the par-
ticipation of young researchers from the
project and some guests.
The workshop ran over four days. The
participants had the opportunity to put
the Pico Pilot Plant to work, gather data
and process them, under the orientation
of the Centres team.
The workshop ended with the scale of
the Pico Mountain, of 2351 metres high.
The Wave Energy Centres team partici-
pated in the 3rd Innovation Journeys,
organized by the Agncia de Inovao
(AdI) - Innovation Agency -, from 7 to 10
November 2007, at the Feira Internacio-
nal de Lisboa FIL (Lisbon International
Exhibition Fair), Parque das Naes.
The event aimed to divulge and support
the economic valorisation of the results
from R&D projects fnanced by the Agen-
cy, and to bring a new dynamic to the
partnerships between entrepreneurs,
researchers and investors. The team was
at the stand number 37 to present the
project OWC Demonstration / Reno-
vation and Test of the OWC Pilot Plant
on Pico Island, Azores. For this event
a model of the Pico Plant was made,
which is available for future events.
2007 Conference
ISOPE 07
2007 Seminar
Wave Energy Realities
2007 Journeys
3rd Innovation Journeys
Also in 2007 the WavEC sponsored the
world conference called International
Symposium of Ofshore and Polar Engi-
neering (ISOPE 07), through logistic sup-
port.
This event has a session in oceans energy
in which the WavECs team participates
every year with the presentation of ar-
ticles in the scope of its activities that are
published at the conferences procee-
dings.
Website: www.isope.org
In 2008, the Centre participated in the or-
ganization of a joint initiative of the British
Embassy and the Scottish Development
International, called Ofshore Projects:
Technologies and Services.
The seminar, which took place in the mor-
ning of the 19th February, was attended
by Scottish companies of the renewable
energies sector willing to cooperate with
Portuguese companies from the same
area.
In the scope of the seminar there were
also one-to-one meetings, with interested
Portuguese companies and entities, du-
ring the afternoon of the same day.
On the 24th November 2008, the WavEC
celebrated its fve years of activities with
a seminar in the areas of ocean energies
and ofshore wind, at the Museum of Elec-
tricity, contributing once more to the ex-
planation about this source of alternative
energy and its application in Portugal, to
the intervenient parts on the electricity
market.
The seminar aimed to make a review on
the state of the art of wave energy and of-
shore wind technology and to refect on
the associated business opportunities, the
difculties ahead and the ways to over-
come them, using as an example what
is done in other countries, especially the
way to fnance the development of tech-
nologies in these areas.
The Centres activities are accompanied of
information available to all, through book-
lets and also through its internet pages.
Disseminao
Dissemination
The seminar Wind Ofshore: Challenges
and Opportunities on the 12th May 2008,
organized by EDP Inovao, had the tech-
nical support from WavEC. This seminar
complements the report Wind Ofshore:
Status and opportunities, made by the
Centre after a request from EDP. Interna-
tional experts of ofshore wind energy
technologies and national experts of of-
shore wind resource on the Portuguese
coast were invited to have an active par-
ticipation. The results from this seminar
were presented on a fnal report made for
EDP Inovao.
Ofshore Technologies
Wind Ofshore: Challenges and
Opportunities
Marine Renewable Energy in
Portugal and Other Actions
2008 Seminars
Besides these activities, the WavECs
team makes available, in a quick and
informal way, information regarding
the Portuguese and international ener-
getic sector, whenever it is contacted.

It is also important to underline the se-
veral missions of the team members as
guest speakers in regional/local events or-
ganized by town councils, private associa-
tions, universities and secondary schools,
besides their participation in international
events.
Programme of the event
Poster of the 2008 technical seminar
20
21
Dissemination
IEA-OES
The International Energy Agency
Ocean Energy Systems Implementing Agreement
In 2001 the Ocean Energy Systems Imple-
menting Agreement of the International
Energy Agency (IEA-OES) was established
with the initial participation of three coun-
tries: Portugal, Denmark and United King-
dom. Nowadays, besides these, Belgium,
Canada, Germany, the European Commis-
sion, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Norway,
Spain, Sweden, The United States of Ame-
rica and New Zealand are also members
of the Agreement. This agreement, in the
feld of renewable energies, consists of a
mechanism of the International Energy
Agency to promote the collaboration be-
tween countries at an international level.
Representatives of each member states
meet twice a year to discuss working pro-
grammes and new initiatives and to ex-
change information regarding national ac-
tivities in the feld of ocean energy (which,
besides wave energy, includes tides, tidal
current energy, thermal and salinity gra-
dients). The working programme focuses
on three areas: i) Dissemination and ex-
change of information, ii) Development of
patterns to test wave energy and current
devices and iii) Integration of systems into
the electrical grid.
The secretariat of this project is an activity
of the WavEC, coordinated by Ana Brito e
Melo. In the frame of this secretariat, the
Wave Energy Centre has the responsibility
to develop and publish the annual report
of activities of the Agreement as well as
other diverse dissemination publications
and is also responsible for the mainte-
nance of the website: www.iea-oceans.
org. It also supports the members in the
development of the working programme
activities and preparation of the Executive
Committee meetings, besides being the
frst point of contact of the International
Energy Agency or with other potential
parties interested in joining the Agree-
ment. Since January 2007 the WavEC has
also been responsible for the fnancial
management of this Agreement.
Website: www.iea-oceans.org
22
Today the association has more than 30
associated institutions and is open to
other interested entities.
Besides the diverse collaborations and
dissemination at a European level, it
is expected that the association acts
mainly as lobbyist at a European level,
in order to assure that this section ob-
tains the attention and support that it
deserves. As an associate of various in-
ternational entities, the WavEC is one of
the major contributors of the EU-OEA.
The WavEC recognizes the importance
of existing public policies to support the
development and commercialization of
wave energy and its action has followed
the path to promote these policies, both
at national and international level.
This way, the WavEC became in 2006 one
of the founding members of the European
Ocean Energy Association (EU-OEA), a pri-
vate association with its headquarters in
Brussels, created in order to strengthen
the development of markets and tech-
nologies of ocean energy in the European
Union.
The EU-OEA acts as a central network for its
members for the exchange of information
and European funding sources, as well as
a dissemination platform of information
related to ocean energy exploitation. This
way, the project intends to speak with one
voice in the ocean energy sector and to
promote its benefts. The association also
participates in the development of pro-
jects and promotes its activities through
diverse conference presentations, publica-
tions and other dissemination activities.
EU-OEA
European Ocean Energy Association
Dissemination
General information
Duration: open (since 2006)
Founding Members: Alla Weinstein
(AED) President; Hans van Breugel
(AWS); Hans Christian Sorensen (Wave
Dragon), Kim Nielsen (RAMBll), Peter
Delf (AquaEnergy Development UK -
AED), Tom Thorpe (Oxford Oceanics)
and Antnio Sarmento (WavEC).
Website: http://www.eu-oea.com/
23
Monitoring is a key activity to the advance of technologies, par-
ticularly at a pre-commercial stage.
It is important to invest in Research & Development (R&D), in or-
der to establish numerical and experimental simulations, from
tests in tanks to feasible technology. However, at the current
state of development it is important to validate these experi-
ences on a real scale.
During the fve years of existence of the WavEC, we have had the
opportunity to acquire essential experience in the monitoring of
the following diferent technologies:
AWS Pilot Plant
The AWS Pilot Plant of the Dutch company Teamwork Techno-
logy (2004) is a device to be completely submerged into a water
depth of about 60m. This technology is called point absorption
for its radial symmetry and thus capacity to absorb energy from
all directions.
This pilot plant was installed ofshore near Pvoa de Varzim in
2004. The WavEC collaborated in the installation and submersion
Monitoring
Learning from reality
Areas of
Activities
process of the device and helped with the assessment proce-
dure of its operation during the testing period, acquiring thus a
signifcant experience in ofshore technology.
OWC Pico Plant
The European Pilot Plant of the Pico Island is a coastal Water Os-
cillating Column (OWC) device located on the Pico North coast
with a high natural concentration of energy. The Plant was
built in 1995 with European funding. Important recovery ac-
tions took place within a national funded programme DEMTEC
(2004-2006).
The WavEC was responsible for the monitoring of the plant de-
veloping an important role by giving technical support on site.
This project allowed the team to acquire practical experience
with problems that may be typical with these types of plants.
The WavEC team also acquired knowledge of diverse electri-
cal, mechanical and measurement equipment, which led to the
necessary knowledge of its team members to provide training
programmes of this technology, its operation and data treat-
ment.
AWS, Teamwork Technology, 2004 Pico Plant, Azores
24
Technologies
The technology to exploit wave en-
ergy has presently reached the initial
phase of demonstration, after 30 years
of R&D. However, contrarily to wind en-
ergy, where only one concept remained
one turbine with a horizontal axis
with three blades there are still sev-
eral concepts competing in wave energy.

Tests of pilot plants and prototypes at
sea
Diferent wave energy exploitation sys-
tems have been tested at sea, both pilot
plants and prototypes: OWC Pico Plant
(WavEC, Portugal), OWC LIMPET Plant
(Wavegen, United Kingdom), AWS (Team-
work Technology, 2004/ The Netherlands),
Wave Dragon (Wave Dragon ApS/Den-
mark), Pelamis (Ocean Power Delivery
Ltd/United Kingdom), Powerbuoy (Ocean
Power Technologies/ USA), Parabolic OWC
Plant with Deniss-Auld turbine (Ocean-
linx/Australia), AquaBuOY (Finavera Re-
newables/Canada), OEbuoy (Ocean Ener-
gy Ltd/Ireland), WaveBob (Wavebob Ltd/
Ireland), FO3 (Fobox/ Norway), WaveRoller
(AW-Energy Oy/Finland) and Wave Star
(Wave Star Energy/Denmark).
Other less developed systems may also
be tested at sea in the coming years.

Pre-commercial state of technology
Some of these companies have already
plans to install the next units in other
countries. Two projects with a commercial
contract are currently at their fnal stage
to start deploying the wave energy units.
One project has been already installed at
the end of 2008, namely three Pelamis
units of the Scottish company Pelamis
Wave Power (former OPD) at the west-
ern coast of Portugal (total power of 2.25
MW), in the scope of a contract with the
Portuguese ENERSIS company. Another
project promoted by Ente Vasco de la En-
erga (EVE) has the intention to integrate
16 OWC chambers of the Scottish com-
pany Wavegen into the new breakwater
of Mutriky at the Bask Region (total power
of 296 kW). The third project is the instal-
lation of 10 devices of the American Pow-
erbuoy in Cantbria, Spain (total power of
1.4 MW), in the scope of a contract with
the multinational Iberdrola Renewables.
Today we witness a fast growing of in-
dustry related to wave energy with
new stakeholders in this sector, some
of which are multinational companies.
On the other hand, in the last years and in
several countries, new mechanisms have
been developed. For the investors it is
important to acknowledge the technol-
ogy, the several teams responsible for the
development of the technology, expected
capital costs for the frst farm, i.e. acquire
a global vision of the sector in order to
make decisions for a possible involvement.
WavECs role
Since 2004, the WavEC has written regu-
lar reports addressed to companies inte-
rested in the existing opportunities of the
wave energy market.
The WavEC keeps an updated data base
of all wave energy technologies and their
state of development. In 2008 we exten-
ded this data base to information related
to marine current energy.
Areas of
Activities
Pico Plant (WavEC)
AWS (Teamwork Technology, 2004)
Pelamis (Pelamis Wave Power)
OEbuoy (Ocean Energy Ltd)
25
The numerical simulation of the hydrodynamic interaction
between wave energy converters (WECs) and sea waves
started with the purpose of understanding, in a prompt way,
the energy absorption level, as well as the device efciency.
Numerical models are therefore valuable tools as they allow, in a
prompt way, to optimize the device geometry and characterize
the power-take-of (PTO) equipment. For this reason their appli-
cation is generally the frst stage of any technology development.
Presently there are several diferent wave energy tech-
nologies under evaluation and so the convergence to a
specifc device has not yet been reached. Therefore, the
numerical simulation of new possible solutions is still
an important feld of application of numerical models.
On the other hand, the installation at sea of the frst prototypes
has revealed that numerical models are also valuable tools to
characterize and to optimize the anchoring systems. Simulta-
Numerical Modelling
Areas of
Activities
neously, due to the exponential increment of the computa-
tional capacity verifed in the last years, the application and
development of non linear numerical models that allows, for
instance, to estimate the viscous dissipation, has been an im-
portant expansion feld.
In a near future it is expected that the application of numeri-
cal codes will be extended to the characterization and ma-
nagement of wave energy farms. Therefore, numerical tools
may be of great utility in the optimization of the farm dimen-
sion (number of devices and distance between them) as well
as in the prediction of the medium level of energy absorption.
Regarding the numerical feld the WavEC has the capac-
ity to answer to a large range of possible requests concern-
ing wave energy, not only because it has a skilled and expe-
rienced team, but also because there is access to the most
recent numerical codes applied presently in wave energy.
Numerical simulation of wave energy converters
26
Legislation in wave energy
In May 2007, the Decree-Law nr. 225/2007 of the Government re-
established the tarif foreseen in the Decree-Law nr. 339-C/2001
of 29 of December for wave energy and introduced some im-
provements to articulate licensing procedures related to the in-
stallation of renewable devices with environmental legislation.
In January 2008 the Decree-Law nr. 5/2008 regulated
a Portuguese Pilot Zone for the installation of wave en-
ergy devices ofshore So Pedro de Moel, with a to-
tal area of 320 km2 at water depths between 30 and
90 m and an estimated installed capacity of 250 MW.
WavECs role
In 2004 the WavEC mentioned for the frst time the dif-
culty of the licensing procedure of wave energy farms, ap-
pealing to the necessity of a simple and balanced licensing
process in order to attract the technological development
in this area to Portugal as well as the participation of na-
tional companies in this development from its early stage.
It was in this context that the WavEC started the activity of site
identifcation on the western Portuguese coast at a water depth
between 50 and 80 meters, with suitable characteristics for the in-
stallation of wave energy farms. The licensing process is a govern-
mental tool that has a direct impact on the environmental protec-
tion, territorial arrangement and socio-economic development.
In Portugal there is not much experience regarding licens-
ing procedures at sea. The AWS pilot plant (Dutch technol-
ogy) was the frst technology in Portugal that requested
licensing to be installed ofshore Pvoa de Varzim. The
process was accompanied by a project commission coordi-
nated by the Instituto do Ambiente (Environmental Institute).
It was in this particular context that the WavEC mentioned the
necessity of a licensing policy for wave energy farms that would
distinguish the current stage of development of the technology,
with still very limited installation power, representing therefore
less environmental risks or confict of interests with other uses,
for a future mature and economic viable stage of technology.
Public funding may support generic infra-structural issues, such
as availability of connection point or technical and scientifc ca-
pacity (qualifed workforce, technical means, intervention etc.).
On the other hand, the WavEC has also appealed for
the need of a diferential tarif according to the dife-
rent phases of maturity and potential of technologies.
In the paper Estado Actual da Energia das Ondas e as Perspec-
tivas Nacionais (State of Art of Wave Energy and National Per-
spectives) by A.J.N.A. Sarmento, F. Neumann and V. La Regina,
the WavEC mentions the need to develop a national strategy
for this sector, presenting ideas about this strategy and issues
to be taken into consideration. The article mentions the triple
opportunity that wave energy represents to Portugal: pro-
duction of renewable energy, socio-economic development
with exportations and creation of qualifed jobs and technol-
ogy and the rising of an industrial cluster focused on the ocean.
Areas of
Activities
Legislation
Pilot Zone area - Map of Portugal
27
Areas of
Activities
Environment
The exploitation of wave energy is
a potential renewable energy re-
source that can contribute to a sus-
tainable future. However, this will re-
quire environmental impact studies.
Wave energy devices will be installed in
marine environment that is by nature sen-
sitive and contains an important biological
diversity. However, in Portugal, there are
very few environmental impact studies in
this area. Therefore it is important to eva-
luate what interactions may occur, whe-
ther positive or negative, between devices
and environment. Socio-economic issues
must be taken into account in these stud-
ies, particularly regarding new job oppor-
tunities and the efect of the introduction
of this technology on the local community.
WavECs WAVETRAIN project
The WavEC participated in the Euro-
pean WAVETRAIN project. This project
allowed the recruitment of new re-
searchers with the objective of ofering
training specifcally in this area, since
there were no training courses avai-
lable in this area. Diverse information
available was collected and analysed.
Since then the WavEC has been active
in disseminating this area, having col-
laborated with Spok ApS in the orga-
nization of a short course focused on
Environmental Aspects of Wave En-
ergy, in Copenhagen, in April 2007.
Today the WavEC is internationally well
known in this area. In October 2007 we
were invited to participate in a work-
shop organized by the IEA-OES in Mes-
sina, Italy, gathering specialists in en-
vironmental aspects of wave energy.
WavEC has been invited to present its
vision of new environmental aspects
challenges at the Global Marine Rene-
wable Conference (New York, April 2008).
Currently the WavEC leads the environ-
mental component of the European
EQUIMAR project that will introduce the
frst standards (pre-characterization,
monitoring and mitigation measurement
studies) for future environmental studies.
The WavEC has also an important role
in the WAVEPLAM project, by study-
ing the non technological barriers,
including environmental aspects.
Regarding the Pilot Zone, the WavEC
gathered and coordinated a work-
ing group to discuss an environmental
strategy to be presented to the Ma-
naging Body of the Pilot Zone. Diverse
entities were gathered, namely the In-
stituto Hidrogrfco, IPIMAR, IMAR, IN-
ETI (now LNEG), SPVS and HIDROMOD.
Underwater Noise
One of the potential environmental im-
pacts discussed world-wide questioned is
underwater noise. Both on a national and
international level there are no underwa-
ter noise studies based on real facts and
there is also no experience on how the
acoustic monitoring will take place.
The WEAM Wave Energy Acoustic Moni-
toring project emerged with the intention
to fll this gap. The project is coordinated
by the WavEC and receives national fun-
ding from the FCT (Science and Technol-
ogy Foundation).

Areas of
Activities
Training
28
Shortcourse: Wave Energy Realities, Pico
Island, Azores , 2007
The participation of the WavEC in European
projects has given us the opportunity to
work in collaboration with universities, re-
ceiving students from diferent countries
that develop their internship or fnal study
work with the supervision of WavECs team.
Students
01/4/2003 to 31/07/2003 - Marc Chiron
(France) - Modelization of a 3D of freedom
AWS singled moored tension leg;
01/4/2004 to 31/07/2004 - Pierre. M.
Guillouet (France) - Simulation of highly
resonant OWC power plants: analysis
of numerical problems occurring with
AQUADYN;
07/6/2004 to 17/09/2004 Christell Herry
(France) OWC wave power plants Imple-
mentation of a SIMULINK Model;
10/05/2006 to 28/07/2008 David Ben
Haim (France) - Modelisation numerique
de la structure du Pelamis (numerical
modelling of the Pelamis structure);
10/05/2006 to 28/08/2006 Laurent
Lebreton (France) tude dune boue
colonne dau oscillante (study of an oscil-
lating water column buoy);
25/02/2008 to 08/08/2008 Izan Le Crom
(France) - Estudo do impacto da explora-
o da energia das ondas na agitao
martima junto costa portuguesa (Study
of wave energy exploitation impact near
the Portuguese coast);
07/04/2008 to 18/09/2008 Thomas
Soulard (France) - Wave energy absorption
through the relative heave oscillating mo-
tion of two bodies.
Internship
29/01/2007 to 30/06/2007 Nicolai Lvdal
(Norway) International internship in
Ocean Energy.
PhD
01/02/2007 to 01/02/2008 Erik
Segergren (Sweden) - Wave Energy Con-
verter (In collaboration with IST)
WAVEC PROJECTS
CA-OE project
15/11/2006 to 01/12/2006 Ernst Soons
(The Netherlands) - A generic research
into computational modeling of Wells ro-
tors in oscillating air & water fows;
23/05/2007 to 21/07/2007 - Animesh
Panda (India) - Wave Characteristics Esti-
mation: based on Results from sea trials in
Pico OWC Wave Energy Plant, Azores;
10/09/2007 to 30/09/2007 - Lucia Mar-
gheritini (Italy) - OWC PICO Plant and SSG
Pilot Plant: hint for comparison of two
wave energy converters.
WAVETRAIN project
11/04/2005 to 31/12/2005 - Iain Russell
(United Kingdom) - Function: Elaboration
of an environmental evaluation of wave
energy in Portugal and Europe.
01/03/2005 to 31/05/2006 - Veronica La
Regina (Italy) - Function: Elaboration of a
socio-economic evaluation of wave en-
ergy in Portugal and Europe
15/05/2006 to 29/02/2008 - Cristina
Huertas Olivares (Spain) Function: Ela-
boration of an environmental evaluation
of wave energy in Portugal and Europe.
The Team
Consultative and management bodies
Structure of WavEC
29
The Wave Energy Centre is organised according to the following
structure: advisory board and executive bodies.
ADVISORy bOARD
The advisory body of the WavEC is composed by delegates of
the Scientifc Board who will pronounce about all Scientifc and
Technical issues and analyse the Plan of Activities and Projects of
the association or other issues arisen by the executive bodies
ExECUTIVE bODIES
The executive body of WavEC is composed by the General As-
sembly, the Board of Directors and the Finance Board.
The General Assembly meets ordinarily each year to discuss and
vote the annual report and accounts presented by the Board of
Directors and the corresponding examination report by the Fi-
nance Board, concerning the WavECs activities of the previous
year and again approve the Plan of Activities and Budget for the
following year.
The Board of Directors of the WavEC meets ordinarily at least
once per three months and, extraordinarily, whenever requested
to meet by the Chairperson, by requirement of two members of
the Board or at the request of the Finance Board. The Board is re-
sponsible for the preparation of the Annual Plan of Activities and
Budget, as well as other documents of importance to the eco-
nomical and fnancial management of the WavEC and submits
them to the General Assembly or, when appropriate, appeals to
the Scientifc Committee for advice.
board of Directors
The Board of Directors is composed by the following members:
Professor Antnio Sarmento (IST - Instituto Superior Tcnico /
Technical University of Lisbon), Eng. Fernando Silveira Ramos
(Consulmar), Eng. Lus Carrilho (EDP Energias de Portugal /
Electricity of Portugal), Eng. Rui Barros (CEO Companhia da
Energia Ocenica, S.A.) and Eng. Antnio Pontes (Martifer).
Former members of the board of Directors
Dra. Teresa Pontes (LNEG- former INETI);
Eng. Joo Aguiar (EDP)
Scientifc board
President since 2007: Dra. Teresa Pontes (LNEG- former INETI);
From 2003 to 2007: Prof. Antnio Falco (IST)
General Assembly
President since 2003: Eng. Pedro Domingues (Efacec Sistemas
de Electrnica SA).
Finance board
President since 2003: Eng. Maria de Ftima Candelria
Guimares (EDA Electricidade dos Aores / Electricity of the
Azores)
The Team
The Team
30
The Wave Energy Centre was set up in
2003 with a team of four people - one
director, one secretary and two young
researchers of the IST - Instituto Superior
Tcnico (Technical University of Lisbon).
Today the team is composed of ten spe-
cialists of diferent areas such as hydro-
dynamics, numerical modelling, en-
vironmental assessment, monitoring
and communication. The increase of
the WavEC team in these last years re-
fects the increase of our participation
in projects mainly in the feld of techno-
logy, modelling and environment. We will
soon recruit a specialist in economics.
The WavEC has worked as well in collabo-
Antnio Sarmento
Director
Frank Neumann
Associate Director
Catarina Tavares
Secretary
Janete Gonalves
Communication
Cristina Huertas Olivares
until October 2008
Sofa Patrcio Andr Moura Ana Brito e Melo Marco Alves
Environment hydrodynamics
ration with researchers of the IST since
the beginning of its foundation and has
received students from several countries,
namely France, Norway, India, U.S.A, The
Netherlands and Germany that have re-
alized traineeships and fnal course stu-
dies under the supervision of the WavEC.
The Team
31
The Team
Antnio Sarmento
Is an associate professor at the Depart-
ment of Mechanical Engineering of the
Instituto Superior Tcnico (faculty that
belongs to the Technical University of Lis-
bon) and has been active in the feld of
wave energy research for more than three
decades. He is the director of the Wave
Energy Centre since its foundation in 2003
and member of the Board of Directors of
the European Ocean Energy Association
since 2006. Professor Antnio Sarmento is
also a member of the Board of directors of
the International Society of Ofshore and
Polar Engineering (ISOPE), since July of
2007.
Frank Neumann
Frank Neumann has a degree in Civil En-
gineering obtained at the University of
Karlsruhe (Germany) in 1999. In the same
year he started his activity in wave energy
at the Technical University of Lisbon deve-
loping studies related to the technological
and economical viability of coastal wave
energy devices. In 2003 he joins the WavEC
team contributing actively in its founda-
tion and management. He coordinated a
researchers network formed by the WAVE-
TRAIN project and is responsible for the
WAVETRAIN 2 project, started at the end
of 2008. He also coordinates the monitor-
ing works at the Pico device since 2005.
Since January 2008, Frank Neumann has
been the Associate Director of the WavEC.
Ana Brito e Melo
Ana Brito e Melo has a degree in Civil Engi-
neering obtained in 1992 at the IST, mas-
ters in 1995 and PhD in 2000 in Mechani-
cal Engineering at the same University in
the feld of numerical modelling of an os-
cillating water column device. In 1993 she
started her research activity in the wave
energy group of the IST and ten years later
she joined the WavEC. Ana Brito e Melo
has a training in hydrodynamics and ex-
perience in numerical modelling and is
coordinator of projects in this feld. She
is also responsible for the reports that are
developed for our clients. Ana is also the
secretary of the Ocean Energy Systems
Implementing Agreement.
Marco Alves
Marco Alves obtained his degree in Me-
chanical Engineering in 2000 and mas-
ters in 2003 at the Technical University
of Lisbon. In 2000 he started his activity
in ocean energy at the IST in the feld
of hydrodynamics and numerical mod-
elling of wave energy. Currently he is
developing his PhD in Mechanical En-
gineering. In 2008 he joined the WavEC
team being responsible for studies in
this area, as the European project CORES.
Cristina huertas Olivares
Cristina Huertas has a degree in Envi-
ronmental Sciences obtained at the Uni-
versity of Huelva, masters in Water Engi-
neering at the University of Sevilha and
PhD (2007) in Marine Environment and
Chemical Engineering at the Superior
School of Engineering of the same Uni-
versity. In 2007, Cristina joined the WavEC
within the WAVETRAIN project, a network
of exchange of researchers, and acquired
specialization in the feld of environmen-
tal impact of wave energy. She has coor-
dinated the environmental strategy pro-
jects: EQUIMAR and WAVEPLAM. Cristina
has also been a member of the Steering
Committe of INORE International Net-
work of Ofshore Renewable Energy. In
October 2008 she left the WavEC to em-
brace a new project in her own country
Spain. Teresa Simas joins the WavEC to
substitute Cristina. Teresa obtained a de-
gree in Marine Biology and Fisheries at
the Algarve University (Portugal) in 1995
and further graduation (masters in 1998
and PhD in 2007) in Environmental Sci-
ences at the Universidade Nova of Lisbon.
Sofa Patrcio
Sofa Patrcio has a degree in Environ-
mental Engineering (2006) of the Es-
cola Superior de Tecnologia de Setbal
(Superior Institute of Technology of Se-
tbal) and joined the WavEC in 2005 in
the feld of licensing and environmental
assessment. She collaborates in diverse
projects within the environmental feld.
She is the coordinator of the project
WEAM related to underwater acous-
tic monitoring of wave energy devices.
Andr Moura
Andr obtained his bachelorship in Ma-
rine Biology and Oceanography at the
University of Southampton in 2006. One
year later he joined the WavEC team and
collaborates in projects focused on envi-
ronmental issues, as the EQUIMAR project.
Currently he collaborates on data collec-
tion regarding the Portuguese Pilot Zone.
Catarina Tavares
In 2007 Catarina obtained her degree in
Support to Managers at the Instituto Su-
perior de Contabilidade e Administrao
do Porto (Superior Institute of Language,
Secretary and Accountancy). At the end of
2007 she joined the team, after a period
of 9 months of professional internship.
Janete Gonalves
Janete obtained her degree in Social and
Cultural Communication in 1998 at the
Portuguese Catholic University of Lisbon.
After the foundation of the Wave Energy
Centre in 2003 she started to work as a
secretary with communication respon-
sibility. In 2007 she started full-time for
the communication section of WavEC.
Publications
Papers
32
The Wave Energy Centre has participated in national and international conferences with diverse papers. These papers have copyright and
cannot be published on our website, however they can be given by the author upon special request.
The following pages show a list of the main papers of the WavEC team, since the beginning of its activity.
Papers of WavEC
2008
- G. Bhuyan, J. Bard, J. Huckerby, T. Pontes and A. Brito-Melo, International Collaboration and Role of IEA-OES proceedings of the 2nd
International Conference on Ocean Energy (ICOE 2008), Brest, France, 15th -17th October 2008.
- F. Neumann, V. Winands, A.J.N.A. Sarmento, Pico Shoreline OWC: status and new perspectives, proceedings of the 2nd International
Conference on Ocean Energy (ICOE 2008), Brest, France, 15th -17th October 2008.
- I. Le Crom, A Brito-Melo, A. Sarmento, Maritime Portuguese Pilot Zone for Wave Energy Conversion: Modelling Analysis of the Impact on
Surfng Conditions to be published in the proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Ocean Energy (ICOE 2008), Brest, France,
15th -17th October 2008.
- Jose Ramn Lpez; Huertas-Olivares, C.; J.Luis Villate; David Langstom; A.J.N.A. Sarmento; Michael Panagiotopoulos; Brian Holmes; Na-
thalie Rousseau; Hans C.Soerensen, F. Neumann, Wave Energy Planning and Marketing (WAVEPLAM), Proc. World Renewable Energy
Congress (WRECX), UK, 19-25 July 2008.
- Mendes, L, Palha, A, Fortes, J., Brito-Melo, A., Alves, M.A.A., Sarmento, A.J.N.A., Analysis of the impact of a Pilot Zone for wave energy
conversion ofshore Portugal, Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Ofshore and Polar Engineering Conference, Vancouver, BC,
Canada, 2008, July 6-11.
- Patrcio, S., Sarmento, A.J.N.A., Development of a Monitoring Plan to Assess the Underwater, Acoustic Impact from Wave Energy, Inter-
national Scientifc Meeting on Marine Renewable Energy and the Environment (MAREE 2008), London, UK,16-17 June, 2008.
- A. Brito-Melo, F. Neumann, A.J.N.A. Sarmento, Full-scale Data Assessment in OWC Pico Plant, International Journal of Ofshore and Polar
Engineering (ISSN 1053-5381), Vol. 18, No. 1, March 2008, pp. 2734.
2007
- Alves, M.A.A., Traylor, H., Sarmento, A.J.N.A. Hydrodynamic Optimization of a Wave Energy Converter Using a Heave Motion Buoy, Proc.
of the 6th Int. Conf. on Wave and Tidal Energy, Porto, Portugal, 2007.
- Bhuyan, G. S. and Brito-Melo, A. The Strategy for the Next Five Years Int. Energy Agencys Ocean Energy Systems (IEA-OES) Implement-
ing Agreement, Proc. 7th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2007.
- Brito-Melo, A., Bhuyan, G., Nielsen, K., Polaski, K., Pontes, T. and Shanahan, G. Ocean Energy Systems Implementing Agreement: An Inter-
national Collaborative Programme, Proc. 17th Int Ofshore and Polar Eng Conf, ISOPE, Lisbon, Portugal, July 2007.
- Brito-Melo, A., Neumann, F. and Sarmento, A.J.N.A. Full-scale Data Assessment in OWC Pico Plant, Proc. 17th Int Ofshore and Polar Eng
Conf, ISOPE, Lisbon, Portugal, July 2007.
- Huertas-Olivares, C. Environmental Impacts of Wave Energy, 1st International PhD Symposium on Ofshore Renewable Energy, Trond-
hein, Norway, 2007.
- Huertas-Olivares, C., Neumann, F., Sarmento, A.J.N.A. Environmental Management Recommendations for the Portuguese Pilot Zone,
Proc. of the 7th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference (EWTEC), Porto, Portugal, 2007.
Publications
Papers
33
- Huertas-Olivares, C., Russell, I., Patrcio, S., Sarmento, A.J.N.A. Comparison of Baseline Environmental Studies of Ofshore Renewable
Energies; The Seventeenth Int. Ofshore and Polar Engineering Conference ISOPE, Lisbon, Portugal, 2007.
- Lvdal, N., Sarmento, A.J.N.A., Neumann, F. Internationalization Within the Ocean Energy Industry - a Remedy for Entrepreneurial Chal-
lenges?, Proc. of the 7th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference (EWTEC), Porto, Portugal, 2007.
- Neumann, F., Brito-Melo, A., Didier, E., Sarmento, A.J.N.A. Pico OWC Recovery Project: Recent Activities and Performance Data, Proc. of
the 7th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2007.
2006
- Brito-Melo, A., Neumann, F. and Sarmento, A.J.N.A. Recovery Project of the Wave Power Plant at Pico Island, Azores, and Initial Observa-
tions of its Operation( in Portuguese), ENER06-Conf. sobre Energias Renovveis e Ambiente, Figueira da Foz, Portugal, September 2006.
- Cruz, J., Sarmento, A.J.N.A. Sea State Characterization of the Test Site of an Ofshore Wave Energy Plant, Ocean Energy, doi:10.1016/j.
oceaneng.2006. 04.004.
- Huertas-Olivares, C., Patrcio, S., Neumann, F., Sarmento, A.J.N.A. Renewable Wave Energy. Making it Sustainable. Communications to the
International Conference on Renewable Energies and Water Technologies, CIERTA 2006. Vol II, EMI 91-96, 2006, Almeria, Spain.
- Huertas-Olivares, C., Patrcio, S., Russell, I., Gardner, F., van tHof, J., Neumann, F. The EIA Approach to Wave Energy Within the European
Research Training Network WAVETRAIN, 2006, I Int. Conf. Ocean Energy. October 2006. Bremerhaven, Germany.
- Huertas-Olivares, C., Patrcio, S., Neumann, F., Sarmento. A.J.N.A. Impacto Ambiental da Energia das Ondas, Congresso Ibrico sobre
Gesto e Planifcao das guas, 2006.
- La Regina, V., Neumann, F., Brito-Melo, A., Patrcio, S., Sarmento A.J.N.A. Opportunities of Portugal for Wave Energy Development,
WREEC-2006, Tripoli (Lybia), January 2006.
- La Regina, V., Patrcio, S., Neumann, F. and Sarmento, A.J.N.A. The Role Of Socio-Economic Impact Assessment (SIA) and Environmental
Impact Assessment (EIA) for Understanding Benefts from Wave Energy Deployment, in: World Renewable Energy Congress 2006 , Flor-
ence, Italy, 2006.
- La Regina, V., Brito-Melo, A., Patrcio, S., Neumann, F., Sarmento, A.J.N.A. Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) of Wave
Energy Industry in Portugal, WREEC 2006, Tripoli (Libya), 2006.
- Neumann, F., Brito-Melo, A., Sarmento, A.J.N.A. (2006), Grid Connected OWC Wave Power Plant at the Azores, Portugal, Proc. Int. Conf.
Ocean Energy: from innovation to industry, OTTI, ISBN 3-934681-49-2, pp. 53-60.
- Neumann, F., Tedd, J., Prado, M., Russell, I., Patrcio, S., La Regina, V. Licensing and Environmental Issues of Wave Energy Projects, WREC
IX, Florence 2006.
- Polaski K. and Brito-Melo, A. 5-year Activity Review of the IEA Ocean energy Systems Implementing Agreement, Int. Conf. on Ocean
Energy, Bremenhaven, Germany, September 2006.
- Ricci, P., Alves, M.A.A. Optimisation of the Geometry of Wave Energy Converters, Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Ocean Energy, Bremerhaven,
Germany, 2006.
- Sarmento, A., Brito-Melo, A. and Neumann, F. Results From Sea Trials In The OWC European Wave Energy Plant At Pico, Azores, invited
paper for WREC-IX, 19.08-25.08.2006, Proc. WREC IX, ISBN 008 44671 X.
- Sarmento, A.J.N.A., Neumann, F., La Regina, V. Aspectos Estratgicos do Desenvolvimento de Energia das Ondas em Portugal, ENER06
Conferncia sobre Energias Renovveis e Ambiente, Figueira da Foz, Portugal, 28-30 September 2006.
Publications
Papers
34
- Sarmento, A.J.N.A., Whitaker, T., Brito-Melo, A., Clement, A., Salter, S., Pontes, T., Neumann, F. (2006), The European Research Training
Network For Competitive Wave Energy, Proc. WREC IX, ISBN 008 44671 X.
- Sarmento, A.J.N.A., La Regina, V. and Neumann, F. Europes Wave Energy Development: Technological, Economical and Political View-
points, ISOPE 2006, San Francisco (USA), 2006.
- Sarmento, A.J.N.A., Neumann, F., Patrcio, S., La Regina, V. Wave Energy Development from Portugal to all over Europe: A Policy Land-
scape, IGEC-2Ontario Canada, 2006.
2005
- Alves, M.A.A., Sarmento, A.J.N.A. Non-Linear and Viscous Difraction Response of OWC Wave Power Plants, Proc. of the 5th Int. Conf. on
Wave and Tidal Energy, Glasgow, Scotland, 2005.
- Cruz, J.M.B.P. and Sarmento, A.J.N.A., Time Domain Simulations on a Single Point Moored Submerged Sphere of Variable Radius, in: Proc.
of OMAE2005, Halkidiki, Greece, 2005.
- Cruz, J.M.B.P., Sarmento, A.J.N.A. and Gardner, F. AWS Pilot Plant Tests: Wave Characteristics, in: Proc. of the 6th European Wave and Tidal
Energy Conference, pages 105-112, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK, 2005.
- Cruz, J.M.B.P., Alves, M.A.A., Sarmento, A.J.N.A., Brito-Melo, A., Neumann, F. Estudo Comparativo entre Tecnologias de Aproveitamento de
Energia Elica e Energia das Ondas (Comparative Study of Wind and Wave Energy), ENER05, Figueira da Foz/Portugal, 2005
- Goden de Sousa Prado, M., Neumann, F., Damen, MEC and Gardner, F. (2005). AWS Results of Pilot Plant Testing 2004. In CM Johnstone &
AD Grant (Eds.), Proc. of the 6th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference (pp. 401-407). Glasgow: University of Strathclyde.
- La Regina, V., Wave Energy World: Challenges and Expectations, Green Power Conference, Rome (IT), November 2005.
- La Regina, V., Neumann, F. and Sarmento, A.J.N.A. Economic Reasoning and Public Financing of Wave Energy, in: 6th European Wave and
Tidal Energy Conference, pages 429-436, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK, 2005.
- Lewis, G., Sarmento, A.J.N.A., Johnstone, C., Nielsen, K. A European Platform for the Integration and Sharing of Research and Technical
Development Activities in Ocean Energy Systems, Proc. of the Wave Renewable Energy Congress, 2005.
- Martins, E., Silveira Ramos, F., Carrilho, L., Gato, L.M.C., Justino, P.A.P., Trigo, L. and Neumann, F., Ceodouro Project: Overall Design of an
OWC in the New Oporto Breakwater, in: 6th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference, pages 273-280, University of Strathclyde, Glas-
gow, UK, 2005.
- Polaski, K. and Brito-Melo, A. The IEA Ocean Energy Systems Implementing Agreement: Its Status and Future Prospects, Proc. of the Sixth
European Wave Energy Conference, Glasgow, UK, August 29 - September 2, 2005
- S da Costa, J., Sarmento, A.J.N.A., Gardner, F., Beiro, P. and Brito-Melo, A. Time Domain Model of the AWS Wave Energy Converter, in:
Proc. of the 6th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference, pages 91-98, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK, 2005.
- Sarmento, A.J.N.A., Neumann, F. The Need and Available Means for International cooperation in Marine Renewable Energy, WREC IX
-2005, Aberdeen (UK), May 2005.
- Sarmento, A.J.N.A., Neumann, F. Uma Nota sobre a Problemtica da Tarifa para os Parques de Energia das Ondas, ENER05 Conf. sobre
Energias Renovveis e Ambiente em Portugal, Figueira da Foz (Pt), May 2005.
2004
- Alves, M.A.A., Lara, J.L., Sarmento, A.J.N.A., Losada, I.J. Non-linear Numerical Simulation of Regular Waves Interaction With Inclined
Publications
Papers
35
Ramps, Proc. of the 14th Int Ofshore and Polar Eng Conf, Toulon, France, ISOPE, Vol I, pp 217-224, 2004.
- Brito-Melo, A. Abordagem Hidrodinmica dos Sistemas de Extraco de Energia das Ondas (Hydrodynamics of Wave Energy Systems),
Congresso de Mtodos Computacionais em Engenharia, Lisbon, Portugal, 31 May- 2 June 2004.
- Cruz, J.M.B.P. & Sarmento, A.J.N.A. Wave Energy Absorption by a Submerged Sphere of Variable Radius With a Swinging Single Point
Moored Tension Line, Proc. of the 14th Int. Ofshore and Polar Engineering Conf. & Exhibition, Toulon, Frana, 2004.
- Sarmento, A.J.N.A., Neumann, F. and Brito-Melo, A. Estudo Scio-econmico do Desenvolvimento da Energia das Ondas em Portugal,
(Socio-economic Study of the Wave Energy Development in Portugal), Simpsio sobre Energias Renovveis em Portugal, ENER04, Figueira
da Foz, Portugal, 6-7 May 2004.
- Sarmento, A.J.N.A., Neumann, F. and Brito-Melo, A. Non-Technical Barriers to Large-Scale Wave Energy Utilisation, Int.
Conf. on New and Renewable Energy Technologies for Sustainable Development, vora Portugal, 28 June - 1 July 2004.
books and Chapters in books
2008
- Huertas-Olivares, C., Norris, J. Environmental Impact Assessment; Power - Current Status and Future Perspectives, ISBN 978-3-540-74894-6,
Springer Series in Green Energy and Technology ISSN 1865-3529, 2008.
- Sarmento, A.J.N.A., Neumann, F. and Brito-Melo, A. Cap. 7.5.2 - Full-Scale WECs; Operational Experience: Oscillating Water Column Pico
Plant Ocean Wave Energy Current Status and Future Perspectives, ISBN 978-3-540-74894-6, Springer Series in Green Energy and Techno-
logy ISSN 1865-3529, 2008.
- Sarmento, A.J.N.A., Neumann, F. and Brito-Melo, A. Cap. 7.1.2 - Full-Scale WECs; Pico - European Pilot Plant Ocean Wave Energy Current
Status and Future Perspectives, ISBN 978-3-540-74894-6, Springer Series in Green Energy and Technology ISSN 1865-3529, 2008.
2004
Cruz, J.M.B.P. and Sarmento, A.J.N.A. Energia das Ondas: Introduo aos Aspectos Tecnolgi-
cos, Econmicos e Ambientais, ISBN 972-8577-11-7, Instituto do Ambiente, 2004. Available on our website.
Thesis and fnal course study
2007
- Huertas-Olivares, C., Morillo, J., Manarillo- Garcia, I. Validation of Stirbar Sorptive Extraction for the Determination of 24 Priority Sub-
stances from the European Water Framework Directive in Estuarine and Sea Water, Talanta, Vol. 72, Issue 3, 1149-1156, 2007.
2004
- Alves, M.A.A. Modelao Numrica No-Linear da Interaco de Ondas com Estruturas Costeiras, Master disseration in Mechanical En-
gineering, Energy Profle, Instituto Superior Tcnico, Lisbon, 2004
Contacts WavEC
Av. Manuel da Maia, 36, r/c Dto., 1000-201 Lisbon, Portugal
Telephone: +351 21 848 2655 / +351 92 751 9653
Fax: +351 21 848 1630
Email: mail@wave-energy-centre.org
Website: www.wavec.org
Associates
Images on the report
Images of the front and back cover: Pico Plant (WavEC); OEbuoy
(Ocean Energy Ltd); AWS (Teamwork Technology, 2004); Waveroller
(Aw-Energy Oy); Wave Dragon (Wave Dragon Ltd.); Pelamis (Pelamis
Wave Power).
Edition: March 2009 (Translation of Portuguese version of Novem-
ber 2008)
Printing: Fernandes & Terceiro, S.A.
GWH
Energia
das Ondas
Board of Directors
The Team
WavEC
Substituted in 2009 by CEO
Contacts WavEC
Av. Manuel da Maia, 36, r/c Dto.
1000-201 Lisbon, Portugal
Telephone: +351 21 848 2655 / +351 92 751 9653
Fax: +351 21 848 1630
Email: mail@wave-energy-centre.org
Webpage: www.wavec.org

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