INTRODUCTION

We students taking Additional Mathematics are required to carry out a project work while we are in Form 5.This year the Curriculum Development Division, Ministry of Education has prepared four tasks for us. We are to choose and complete only ONE task based on our area of interest. This project can be done in groups or individually, and I gladly choose to do this individually. Upon completion of the Additional Mathematics Project Work, we are to gain valuable experiences and able to: riety of problem solving strategies to solve routine and non-routine problems hence improve their thinking skills. ge and skills are applied in meaningful ways in solving real-life problems and communication are highly encouraged and expected that stimulates and enhances effective learning. language of mathematics to express mathematical ideas correctly and precisely knowledge and skills through problem-solving in ways that increase interest and confidence -life problems and hence develop positive attitude towards mathematics. to share knowledge in an engaging and healthy environment appropriately and effectively and innovative

We are expected to submit the project work within three weeks from the first day the task is being administered to us. Failure to submit the written report will result in us not receiving certificate.

APPRECIATION
My name is Norashikin bt Mohd Nor. I am thankful that this Additional Mathematics Project can be done just in time. For this, I would like to seize the opportunity to express my sincere gratitude for those who had been helping me during my work. First and foremost, I would like to say a big thank you to my Additional Mathematics teacher, Mr Abdul Hadi bin Azmi as he gives us important guidance and commitment during this project work. He has been a very supportive figure throughout the whole project.. On the other hand, I would also like to thank my dear principle, Tuan Haji Ghazali bin Mat Salleh for giving me the permission to carry out this project. Also, I would like to thank my parents. They had brought me the things that I needed during the project work was going on. Not only that, they also provided me with the nice suggestion on my project work so that I had not meet the dead and throughout this project. for helping me and always supporting me to help complete this project work..

Lastly, I would like to say thank you to my friends and the modern access in our daily life. They have done a great job at collecting form 4 end of year result for additional mathematics and sharing information with other people including me. Without them this project would never have had its conclusion All of my relevant information come from my friends and the internet. I managed to use all these access in our daily life, such as: computer to finish my Additional Mathematics project. Not forgetting too all the other people who were involved directly or indirectly towards making this project a reality.

PART A

By the 18th century, the term "statistics" designated the systematic collection of demographic and economic data by states. In the early 19th century, the meaning of "statistics" broadened, then including the discipline concerned with the collection, summary, and analysis of data. Today statistics is widely employed in government, business, and all the sciences. Electronic computers have expedited statistical computation, and have allowed statisticians to develop "computer-intensive" methods. The term "mathematical statistics" designates the mathematical theories of probability and statistical inference, which are used in statistical practice. The relation between statistics and probability theory developed rather late, however. In the 19th century, statistics increasingly used probability theory, whose initial results were found in the17th and 18th centuries, particularly in the analysis of games of chance(gambling). By 1800, astronomy used probability models and statistical theories, particularly the method of least squares, which was invented by Legendre and Gauss Early probability theory and statistics was systematized and extended by Laplace; following Laplace, probability and statistics have been in continual development. In the19th century, social scientists used statistical reasoning and probability models to advance the new sciences of experimental psychology and sociology; physical scientists used statistical reasoning and probability models to advance the new sciences of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. The development of statistical reasoning was closely associated with the development of inductive logic and the scientific method Statistics is not a field of mathematics but an autonomous mathematical science, like computer science or operations research. Unlike mathematics, statistics had its origins in public administration and maintains a special concern with demography and economics. Being concerned with the scientific method and inductive logic, statistical theory has close association with the philosophy of science; with its emphasis on learning from data and making best predictions, statistics has great overlap with the decision science and microeconomics. With its concerns with data, statistics has overlap with information science and computer science.

STATISTICS TODAY
During the 20th century, the creation of precise instruments for agricultural research, public health concerns (epidemiology, biostatistics, etc.), industrial quality control, and economic and social purposes(unemployment rate, econometry, etc.) necessitated substantial advances in statistical practices. Today the used of statistic has broadened far beyond its origin. Individuals and organisations use statistics to understand data and make informed decisions throughout the natural and social sciences, medicines, business, and other area. Statistics are generally regarded not as the subfield of mathematics but rather as a distinct, allied, field. Many universities maintain separate mathematics and statistic departments. Statistic is also taught in department as diverse as psychology , education and public health

APPLICATIONS OF STATISTICS IN DAILY LIFE

1.Statistics is the collection of data and its representation or interpretation. Statistics use three means of comparison through the data mean, median & mode. 2. What is mean? Mean is used as one of the comparing properties of statistics. It is defined as the average of all the clarifications. It helps teachers to see the average marks of the students. It is used in factories, for the authorities to recognize whether the benefits of the workers is continued or not. It is also used to contrast the salaries of the workers. To calculate the average speed of anything. It is also used by the government to find the income or expenses of any person. Using this the family could balance their expenses with their average income.

4. What is median & what are its daily applications? Median is defined as the middle value of any observation. Its applications in daily life are as follow: It is used to measure the distribution of the earnings. Used to find the players height e.g. football players. To find the middle age from the class students. Used to find the poverty line. 5. What is mode & what is its importance in our daily life? Mode contains the highest frequency in any data. Its applications areas follows:It is used to influx of the public transport. The no. of games succeeded by any team of players. The frequency of the need of infants. Used to find the number of the mode is also seen in calculation of the wages, in the patients going to the hospitals, the mode of travel etc

PART B
FREQUENCY TABLE

Marks 0-9 10 19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-99

Frequency, f 9 8 11 13 15 11 7 6 5 2

Midpoint, x 4.5 14.5 24.5 34.5 44.5 54.5 64.5 74.5 84.5 94.5

f(x) 40.5 116 269.5 448.5 667.5 599.5 451.5 447 422.5 189

Cumulative frequency 9 17 28 41 56 67 74 80 85 87

HISTOGRAM

No. of student's add maths TOV marks

16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 4.5 14.5 24.5 34.5 44.5 54.5 64.5 74.5 84.5 94.5

FREQUENCY POLYGON

No. of student's add maths TOV marks

16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 4.5 14.5 24.5 34.5 44.5 54.5 64.5 74.5 84.5 94.5

OGIVE

No. of student's add maths TOV marks

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCIES

i.

Modal class = 40-49

ii.

Mean = fx f = 3651.5 87 = 41.97

iii.

Median = L+( )
( )

= 41.17

The mean is a more suitable measure of central tendency because it reflects the central value around which the data seems to cluster. The mode is not suitable because the data does not seem to cluster about mode

MEASURES OF DISPERSION

Range = midpoint of highest class - midpoint of lowest class 90 + 99 0 + 9 2 2 = 85 When comparing the range of two sets of data, the set with a greater range is said have a greater variation or dispersion. Thus, the range of this overall data have a greater dispersion.

Standard Deviation

= (

) ( )

= ( = = 15.18

The standard deviation answer is getting from the square root of a variance which is also a measure of dispersion that has same unit as each value of data.

Marks 0-9 10 19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-99

Frequency, f 9 8 11 13 15 11 7 6 5 2 87

Midpoint, x 4.5 14.5 24.5 34.5 44.5 54.5 64.5 74.5 84.5 94.5 495

f(x) 40.5 116 269.5 448.5 667.5 599.5 451.5 447 422.5 189 3651.5

f(x)2 182.25 1682 6602.75 15473.25 29703.75 3672.75 29121.75 33301.5 35701.25 17860.5 173301.75

(b) My TOV mark is higher than all three measure of central tendencies. So, my result is increase based on the comparison.

10

PART C

x y

1 15

2 24

3 33

4 42

5 54

6 65

7 73

8 80

9 86

10 95

100 90 80 70 60 MARKS 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

NUMBER OF EACH STUDENT SPENT IN DOING EXERCISE OF ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (h)

Based on the graph above, it is positive linear correlation which 0 < r < 1.

11

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 TOTAL

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 55

15 24 33 42 54 65 73 80 86 95 567

15 48 99 168 270 390 511 640 774 950 3865

1 4 9 16 25 36 49 64 81 100 385

225 576 1089 1764 2916 4225 5329 6400 7396 9025 38945

Pearson correlation coefficient r =

( (

) ( )
(

( )( ) (
) ( ( )(

( )
) )

= 0.9969
The range of the correlation coefficient is from -1 to 1. Since our result is 0.9969, we can conclude that the strength of the linear relationship between x and y is strong. Based on data above, I am agreed if more time is taking to make revision in additional mathematics, more mark will get.

12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 TOTAL

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 55

15 24 33 42 54 65 73 80 86 95 567

15 48 99 168 270 390 511 640 774 950 3865

1 4 9 16 25 36 49 64 81 100 385

X=

= 5.5

Y=

= 56.7

(
b=

= 9.05

y 56.7 = 9.05 (x - 5.5) y = 9.05x 49.75 + 56.7 = 9.05x + 6.95

13

120

100

y = 9.08X + 6.95 R = 0.9938

80

60

40

20

0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12

14

120

100

y = 9.08X + 6.95 R = 0.9938

80

60

40

20

0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Prediction of score for student who spent 7 hours per week is 68%.

Regression analysis is widely used for prediction, where its use has substantial overlap with the field of machine learning. Regression analysis is also used to understand which among the independent variables are related to the dependent variable, and to explore the forms of these relationships. So, Im agreed that least square regression line is suitable in help me for prediction

15

FUTHER EXPLORATION
x y log10 x log10 y 1.2 9.13 0.0792 0.9605 2.4 3.23 0.3802 0.5092 2.8 2.56 0.4472 0.4082 3.5 1.83 0.5441 0.2625 3.9 1.56 0.5911 0.1931 4.3 1.35 0.6335 0.1303

1-

Relationship Between X And Y

1.2000 1.0000

Series1 f(X)=-1.522341*x+1.09

0.8000

0.6000

0.4000

0.2000

0.0000 0.0000

0.1000

0.2000

0.3000 x

0.4000

0.5000

0.6000

0.7000

16

2(i) GRAPHICALLY

Relationship Between X And Y

1.2000

Series1 f(X)=-1.522341*x+1.09

Y-intercept = 1.09
1.0000

0.8000

0.6000

0.4000

0.2000

0.0000 0.0000

0.1000

0.2000

0.3000 x

0.4000

0.5000

0.6000

0.7000

17

2(ii) - STATISTICALLY

0.9605 0.1303 0.0792 0.6335

a 1.5

18

REFLECTION
Additional Mathematics... From The Day I Born... From The Day I Was Able To Holding Pencil... From The Day I Start Learning... And.. From The Day I Heard Your Name... I Always Thought That You Will Be My Greatest Obstacle And Rival In Excelling In My Life... But After Countless Of Hours... Countless Of Days... Countless Of Nights... After Sacrificing My Precious Time Just For You... Sacrificing My Computer Games... Sacrificing My Video Games... Sacrificing My Facebook... Sacrificing My Internet... Sacrificing My Anime... I Realized Something Really Important In You... I Really Love You... You Are My Real Friend... You My Partner... You Are My Soul Mate... I LOVE YOU ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS.

19

It always makes me wonder why This subject is so difficult for me I always tried to love every part of it.. It always an absolute obstacle for me.. Throughout all day and all night I sacrified precious time to have fun And even the weekend that I always looking Forward to go out with my family I had spent to do my project.. But, when I have completed it.. I found that Additional Mathematics is interesting.. So, from now on, I will do my best on every second that I will learn Additional Mathematics

20

CONCLUSION

After doing research, answering questions, drawing graphs and some problem solving, I saw that the usage of statistics is important in daily life. It is not just widely used in markets but also in interpreting the condition of the surrounding like the air or the water. Especially in conducting an air-pollution survey. In conclusion, statistics is a daily life necessity. Without it, surveys cannot be conducted, the stock market cannot be interpret and many more. Therefore, we should be thankful of the people who contribute in the idea of statistics.

21