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INTRODUCTION
Gone are the days when consumers were least bothered about their footwear and wore whatever was offered to them how they need a strong and sustainable brand which can offer sound tangible benefits, a footwear which is durable, comfortable as well as stylish which can enhance their looks. India is a country, which has always appreciated a naval ideal and a naval product. When woodland and Mascos ventured into the Indian market they would have not anticipated that their product would be so readily accepted by the Indian consumers, in spite of being targeted at a premium price, people accepted it because it was not only a new thing but also offered value for their money. Seeing the success of this footwear MNCs like as Nike, Reebok, and Adidas did not wait for the second call and with their regular promotional activities the message was clearly penetrated in the mind of the consumers about the benefits of the brand. In spite of being highly priced, these companies are doing well in the Indian market. After creating marketing for a particular niche they expand the niche by designing different versions. In this first moving world with accelerating awareness through the electronic and communications devices consumer consciousness has gained the tremendous momentum. They simply do not make the purchase of a product if they are not aware of its entity. Footwear companies are always into vigorous research to hold the consumers into their hands by satisfying their needs and wants. Emerging competitions from the competitors help the consumers to enjoy the benefits of the tussle. Every company wants to occupy the heart of every consumer and please them in a way they like. The quotation consumer is not a king but a queen rightly fits in the era. Bata limited is the largest footwear company in the Asia and always analyses the market potentiality and consumers perception and to offer them the product of their need, wants and demands and satisfy them to the fullest. The study is conducted to analyses the whole activities of Bata foot wear among its competitive.

INDUSTRY PROFILE
ORIGIN OF THE FOOTWEAR INDUSTRY:

No one knows when people first began to wear shoes. The first footwear coverings worn in cold regions were probably bib like wrappings made off animal far. The first known footwear used in warm. Surroundings consisted of sandals made off plant fibers or leather. The ancient Egyptians wore such sandals as early as 3700 B.C. the ancient Greeks and Romans also wore sandals. Those three people also wore wooden soled shoes. The cloth shoes thousands of years ago. Through our history shoes have been worn not only for protection but also for decoration and to indicate social status. Shoe style have gone in and out of fashion in womens shoes changed to rounded toes in the 1500s and low heels by the late 1500s and high heels in the 1600s. Until the mid 1800s despite the many changes in shoe style, shoe making itself involved cheaply the use of simple hand tools. Most people wore homemade shoes or bought shoes from a shoemaker who lived nearly or traveled from houses. Improved sewing machines were developed in the mid 1800s and shoe making became a factory operation. This machine had special devices to stitched shoe parts that previously had required nailing or stitching by hand. In 1882, Jan Ernst & Matzeliger, a worker in an American shoe factory, invented the shoe lasting machine. This and other new shoe making machines led to the mass production of shoes by 1900.the mass production of footwear brought a great production in the price of these products.

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE FOOTWEAR INDUSTRY:

One of ancient mans first articles of clothing was protective covering for the feet. Animal hides proved ideal for the purpose .in warm climates the typical footwear was the sandal, a sole with straps to hold it on, in colder climates a shoe that wrapped around the foot and sometimes extended into a boot was favored in ancient Greece and Rome the soles of soldiers sandals were studded with hobnails, large headed nails, for longer wear. Armies continued to use hobnails boots in modern times. European footwear lacked heels until the end of middle Ages. Wealthy persons had shoes of rich fabrics, often lavishly decorated with embroidery, ribbons, and jewels long pointed toes were popular. Common people wore one-piece shoes of rawhide drawn up by a thing. Sometimes a wooden sole was added. City jewelers protected their shoes from mud and filth outdoors by wearing patterns. Over shoes with a wooden sole and a wooden or metal under structure that raised the foot and above the ground .ladies also wore shoes with high pedestal soles of wood or cork. From these two styles heels developed about 1600.there after shoes differed from todays footwear only in details of styles and methods of construction. The cobbler made footwear or shoemaker .in colonial America a cobbler traveled from one home to another, staying with the family while he made and repaired footwear the household. A pair of sturdy shoes took him two days to make. There were also small cobbler shops. About 1750 the small cobbler shop began to be expanded from a man or mainly enterprise to one in which a shop owner hired workers to help make up shoes or order. Gradually the emphasis shifted from custom-made to ready-to wear footwear. To increase production; in the early 19 th century a Putting out system became common. The owner assigned specific steps of manufacturing to persons who worked in their own homes. With the advantage of machinery, however, the workers had to be gathered together in a factory building. Machines began to be introduced into shoe manufacture in the mid 19 th century, first in 1845; was a

rolling machine that hardened sole leather then in 1846.Eliass Howes successful sewing machine. By 1860 there was a machine for pegging soles and one for stitching them, and machine cut soles were on the market. The method of stitching soles to uppers was greatly improved by Gordon McKay, and his machinery was widely adopted. In the 1870s Charles Goodyear, son of the inventor of vulcanized rubber, perfected a method of stitching a well shoe, long considered the finest type of construction. Both the McKay system and the Goodyear system are still in use. Once under way, the machination of shoe making process developed rapidly. This and the introduction of manmade materials in the mid 20 th century were the first major changes in shoe making from the beginning of its long history. PRESENT STATUS OF THE FOOTWEAR INDUSTRY Through our history, a fashion has often determined the style of men and womens shoes. The desire of the people to be fashionable has lead to many usual kinds of shoes. The shoes industry has been a tremendous growth after the advent of the shoes. The shoes, which was First used to protect the feet from, dust dirt, brushes etc. Now it has become a code of fashions and today shoes play an important role in once personally many new players have emerged in the shoe industry to cater the footwear market. Today, many shoe-manufacturing operations are automated. Shoes may be designed on a computer. Components may be cut by a laser and stitched by computer control stitches such improvement enables manufactures to respond to style change quickly. The world famous shoe manufacturer like Caterpillars, Nike, Adidas, Fila, Reebok, Bata, Woodland, and Mescos etc are the renowned name in shoe industry.

INDIAN FOOTWEAR INDUSTRY The Footwear Industry is significant segment of the leather industry in India. India ranked second among the footwear producing countries next to China. The industry is labour intensive and is concentrated in the small and cottage industry sectors. While leather shoes and uppers are concentrated in large scale units, the sandals and chappals are produced in the household and cottage sector. India produces more of gents footwear while the worlds major production is in ladies footwear. In the case of sandals and chappals, use of non-leather material is prevalent in the domestic market. The major production centers in India are Chennai, Ranipet, Ambur in Tamil Nadu, Mumbai in Maharashtra, Kanpur, Jalandhar, Agra and Delhi. The Indian Footwear Industry is provided with institutional infrastructure support through premier institutions like central Leather research Institute, Chennai, Footwear Design & Development Institute, Noida, National Institute of Fashion Technology, New Delhi, etc in the areas of technological development, design & product development and human resource development. The availability of abundant raw material base, large domestic market and the opportunity to cater to world markets makes India an attractive destination for technology and investments.

WORLD WIDE SCENARIO

Bata has a worldwide reach, with operations across 5 continents managed by 4 regional meaningful business units (MBUs). Each unit benefits from synergies specific to their environment, such as product development, sourcing or marketing support. Each MBU is entrepreneurial in nature, and can quickly adapt to changes in the market place and seize potential growth opportunities. Bata India is the largest company for the Bata Shoe Organization in terms of sales pairs and the second largest in terms of revenues. With 1250 stores across the country, it also has the widest retail network within the BSO. Kolkata is located in eastern India in the Ganges Delta at an elevation ranging between 1.5 to 9 meters. Kolkata has a tropical wet-and-dry climate. The annual mean temperature is 26.8 C (80 F); monthly mean temperatures range from 19 C to 30 C (67 F to 86 F). Summers are hot and humid with temperatures in the low 30's and during dry spells the maximum temperatures often exceed 40 C (104 F) during May and June. Winter tends to last for only about two and a half months, with seasonal lows dipping to 12 C 14 C (54 F 57 F) between December and January. Rains brought by the Bay of Bengal branch of South-West monsoon lash the city between June and September and supplies the city with most of its annual rainfall of 1,582 mm. The highest rainfall occurs during the monsoon in August (306 mm).

GLOBAL SCENARIO
Footwear is huge and increasingly diversified business driven by a host of demographic lifestyle, and fashion trends. It would not be exaggerating to say that globally the footwear industry is having expanding market rather it is axiomatic. As the world population increases so the living standards of people rise thus increasing the demand of footwear. According to the report published by SATRA, Asia including India Subcontinent is the largest market for FOOTWEAR in terms of consumption. Next to Asia is Americas and then followed by Europe and rest of the world. In monetary terms the market shows a different picture as Asia lies behind Europe and North America but irony to the situation is that Asia is the leader in terms of footwear consumption and market. It is merely because of the population density in the Asia. China is the largest producer and exporter of shoes and it is also the biggest consumer of footwear by virtue of the size of its population. Overall the footwear production is highly concentrated in Asian market and the consumption in the US and European market.

INDIAN SCENARIO
The Footwear Industry is a significant chunk of the Leather industry in India. India ranks second among the footwear producing countries next to China. The industry is labor intensive and is concentrated in the small and cottage industry sectors. While leather shoes and uppers are concentrated in large-scale units, the sandals and chappals are produced in the household and cottage sector. India produces more of gents footwear while the worlds major production is in ladies footwear. In the case of chappals and sandals, use of non-leather material is used to manufacture these in the domestic market. Reputed global brands like Florsheim, Nunn Bush, Stacy Adams, Gabor, Clarks, Nike, Reebok, Ecco, Deichmann, Elefanten, St Michaels, Hasley, Salamander and Colehaan are manufactured under license in India. Besides, many global retail chains seeking quality products at competitive prices are actively sourcing footwear from India. The industry is on the edge of adopting the modern and state-of-the-art technology to suit the exacting international requirements and standards. The Indian Footwear Industry is all set for leveraging its strengths towards maximizing benefits. Strength of India in the footwear sector originates from its command on reliable supply of resources in the form of raw hides and skins, quality finished leather, large installed capacities for production of finished leather & footwear, large human capital with expertise and technology base, skilled manpower and relatively low cost labor, proven strength to produce footwear for global brand leaders and acquired technology competence, particularly for mid and high priced footwear segments. India has the competitive advantage over other countries in the form of materials and skilled manpower. The Indian footwear retail market is expected to grow at a CAGR of over 20% for the period spanning from 2008 to2011. Footwear is expected to comprise about 60% of the total leather exports by 2011 from over 38% in 2006-07. Presently, the Indian footwear market is dominated by Men's footwear market that accounts for nearly 58% of the total Indian footwear retail market.

By products, the Indian footwear market is dominated by casual footwear market. As footwear retailing in India remains focused on men's shoes, there exists a plethora of opportunities in the exclusive ladies' and kids' footwear segment. The Indian footwear market scores over other footwear markets as it gives benefits like low cost of production, abundant raw material, and has huge consumption market. India is now a major supplier of leather footwear to world markets and has the potential to rival China in the future (60% of Chinese exports are synthetic shoes). India is often referred to as the sleeping giant in footwear terms. It has an installed capacity of 1,800 million pairs, second only to China. The bulk of production is in mens leather shoes and leather uppers for both men and ladies. It has over 100 fully mechanized, modern shoe making plants, as good as anywhere in the world (including Europe). It makes for some up market brands including Florsheim (US), Lloyd (Germany), Clarks (UK), Marks and Spencer (UK).

The Export targets from 2007-08 to 2010-11 (In Million US$)

Product Leather Footwear Garments Leather Goods Saddlery Harness Total

2006-07 688.05 1212.25 308.98 690.66

2007-08 726.85 1967.88 358.53 733.34

2008-09 785 2597.6 372.87 798.69

2009-10 847.8 3428.83 287.78 870.06

2010-11 915.63 4526.05 403.3 948.04

& 81.85

105.66

127.85

154.7

187.19

2981.79

3892.26

4682.01

5689.17

6980.21

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Approximately 4000 units are involved in manufacturing footwear in India. The major chunk of the industry is contributed by small scale units with the total production of 55%. The total turnover of the footwear industry including leather and non-leather footwear is estimated at Rs.8500-9500 crores including Rs.1200-1400 crore in the household segment. India's share in global leather footwear imports is around 1.4% Major Competitors in the export market for leather footwear are China (14%), Spain (6%) and Italy (21%). The footwear industry exists both in the traditional as well as modern sector. While the traditional sector is spread throughout the country with clusters of concentration catering largely to the domestic market, the modern sector is largely confined to selected centers like Chennai, Ambur, Ranipet, Agra, Kanpur and Delhi with most of their production for export. Assembly line production is organized, and about 90% of the workforces in the mechanized sector in South India consist of women. In fact, this sector has opened up plenty of employment opportunities for women who have no previous experience.

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OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objective of the study is to analyze the selected scripts in the footwear industry. To find out the activities done in the footwear industry. To improve the knowledge about the footwear industry. To know about brief history about the industry and their techniques To analyses the various department function done in their footwear industry like personal department, finance, marketing, etc.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The present study covers the analysis about the footwear industry with special reference to BATA, This study helps to know the better work method and strategies followed by the company to improve the overall performance of the company. The scope of the project is limited to the firm.

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY As the study was restricted to collect the primary data The findings cannot be generalize

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SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION-METHOD

SECONDARY DATA: is data collected by someone other than the user. Common sources of secondary data for social science include censuses, organizational records and data collected through qualitative research. . Secondary data analysis saves time that would otherwise be spent collecting data and, particularly in the case of quantitative data, provides larger and higher-quality databases that would be unfeasible for any individual researcher to collect on their own. As is the case in primary research, secondary data can be obtained from two different research strands: Quantitative: Census, housing, social security as well as electoral statistics and other related databases. Qualitative: Semi-structured and structured interviews, focus groups transcripts, field

notes, observation records and other personal, research-related documents. A clear benefit of using secondary data is that much of the background work needed has been already been carried out, for example: literature reviews, case studies might have been carried out, published texts and statistic could have been already used elsewhere, media promotion and personal contacts have also been utilized. This wealth of background work means that secondary data generally have a preestablished degree of validity and reliability which need not be re-examined by the researcher who is re-using such data. Furthermore, secondary data can also be helpful in the research design of subsequent primary research and can provide a baseline with which the collected primary data results can be compared to. Therefore, it is always wise to begin any research activity with a review of the secondary data.

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COMPANY PROFILE

IF YOU WERE TO ASK A CUSTOMER ABOUT THE BEST FOOT WEAR IN THE EIGHTIES, THE NAME THAT FIRST POPPED IN HIS MIND WAS BATA. BUT WHAT HAPPEN NOW. Bata first established itself in India in 1931 and commenced manufacturing shoes in Batanagar in 1936. At that time the Bata Shoe Organization was headquartered in the Czechoslovak town of Zlin, the residence of Tomas Bata, the founder of the Organization. Its first factory was set up in Konnagar in 1931 which was then shifted to Batanagar. Incorporated as Bata Shoe Company Private Limited in 1931, the company went public in 1973 when it changed its name to Bata India Ltd. The Company manufactures quality leather, rubber, canvas and PVC shoes in wide-ranging designs and styles at affordable prices. Batanagar factory is the first Indian shoe manufacturing unit to receive the ISO 9001 certification in 1993. Operations were expanded throughout India with the establishment of factories in different states and the rapid growth of the distribution channels to allow the Company's products to reach consumers in every town across India. Bata India remains today India's biggest manufacturer and marketer of footwear.

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Today it is one of the leading and trusted brands in Indian rural markets. Bata India is not only updating its classic and traditional footwear collections, but also introducing a new, contemporary footwear range every week. The new designs are being launched for men, women and children, in both lifestyle and sports category.
Subsidiaries

Bata India Ltd has 2 subsidiaries, namely Bata Properties Ltd.:- BPL is a wholly owned subsidiary of Bata. BPL was originally

incorporated on August 14, 1987 as Chandil Properties Private Limited. The Company is name was subsequently changed from Chandil Properties Private Limited to Bata Properties Limited, consequent to which the Registrar of Companies, West Bengal issued a fresh Certificate of Incorporation dated September 20, 1990. The main object with which BPL was incorporated was to carry on the business as dealers, owners and investors in land and building. In the year 1990, the Company and BPL entered into a Scheme of Arrangement sanctioned by the Calcutta High Court with effect from July 1, 1990, whereby the Real Estate Division of the Company consisting of properties situated at Calcutta, Raigunj, New Delhi, Agra and Kanpur were transferred to BPL. BPL, as consideration for the transfer, issued 5,250,000 equity shares to the Company of Rs. 10/- each, credited as fully paid-up. The said properties were transferred to BPL for better development and management of the property. By another Scheme of Arrangement sanctioned by the Calcutta High Court with effect from November 1, 1991, whereby further properties belonging to the Company and situated at Uttar Pradesh, Jaipur, Chandausi, Calcutta and Jabalpur, were transferred to BPL. BPL, as consideration for the transfer, issued 3,600,000 equity shares to the Company of Rs. 10/- each, credited as fully paid-up. 41 BPLs subsequently reduced its share capital from Rs. 88,510,000/consisting of 8,851,000 equity shares of Rs. 10/- each to Rs. 48,510,000/- consisting of 4,851,000 equity shares of Rs. 10/- each. This reduction was sanctioned by the Calcutta High

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Court vide its Order dated September 18, 1995. Currently, BPL is engaged in the business of development, improving, and effectively utilising the properties of Bata in a planned manner and to acquire further properties for development of retail business of Bata throughout India.

The Board of Directors of BPL as on January 31, 2005 consists of: Mr. S. J. Davies; Mr. Pradip Kumar Nag; and Mr. Hemant Sultania Coastal Commercial & Exim Ltd.:- CCEL was incorporated as Coastal Commercial & Exim Private Limited on October 11, 1991. The companys name was changed to Coastal Commercial & Exim Limited, for which the Registrar of Companies, West Bengal issued a Fresh Certificate of Incorporation dated September 6, 2001. The main objects of CCEL is, inter alia, to carry on business as Exporters, Importers, buyers, traders, suppliers, and merchants. The Board of Directors of CCEL as on January 31, 2005 consists of: Mr. Pradip Kumar Nag, Chairman; Mr. M. J .Z. Mowla; Mr. Hemant Sultania

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ESTABLISHMENT, MILESTONES, AWARD

ESTABLISHMENT 1931 - Bata India Limited the Company was incorporated at Calcutta. The Company Manufacture and market of all types of footwear, footwear components, leather and products allied to footwear trade. - Bata was originally promoted as Bata Shoe Co Pvt Ltd by Leader AG, Switzerland, a member of the Toronto-based multinational, Bata Shoe Organization (BSO). It became a public limited company in 1973 and the name was changed to Bata India Ltd.

1937 - Tanning was introduced at the new factory at Batanagar, along with the introduction of leather products towards the end of the year.

1942 - In addition to the footwear manufacturing plant, a machinery department was set up which produced the first Indian-made major shoe machine. A leather footwear factory was established at Patna, Bihar, which is known today as Bataganj.

1952 - In Mokamehgat, a tannery was established and a hide purchasing centre was also set up there. Another factory was constructed at Faridabad.

1973 - With the public issue of capital in June, Leader A.G. St. Moritz, Switzerland offered for sale 5,00,000 shares out of their holdings at a premium of Rs 20 per share (2,00,000 shares each to LIC and UTI and 1,00,000 shares to the public).

1977 - Leader A.G. St. Moritz, Switzerland offered for sale 8,00,000 shares at a premium of Rs 8 per share to resident Indian nationals thereby reducing their holdings to 12,00,000 shares or 40% of the issue capital. - Another 47,14,000 No. of equity shares of Rs 10 each at a premium of Rs 25 per share were issued to Bata (BN) B.V., Amsterdam, a wholly owned subsidiary of Leader A.G. St. Moritz, Switzerland, in order to raise their holding in the Company from 40% to 51%.

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1979 - 7, 50,000 bonus shares issued in prop. 1:4. 1984 15, 00,000 bonus shares issued in prop. 2:5 in April.

1987 - The Company privately placed with financial institutions (UTI, LIC, GIC & its subsidiary) 15% debentures worth Rs 5 cores. The Company also allotted debentures worth Rs 1.75 cores to the Army Group Insurance Fund. - The Bata Shoe Organization consists of 96 independently run companies in 90 countries throughout the world.- 52,50,000 bonus shares issued in prop. 1:1.

1988 - Agreement was arrived at with Adidas of West Germany for manufacture and marketing of sports and special application footwear, spots goods and sportswear in India and the products were expected to be launched in December, 1989.- Marketing of `Star' clothings designed by Murjani International, New York, U.S.A. and sourced through In mark Brands Pvt. Ltd., was launched. - A new brand of shoe, `Tigre' was introduced during the year for sales through wholesalers and independent retailers.

1989 - The Company successfully launched `Adidas' collection of hi-tech sports footwear. - As a result of the R&D activities, special leather board was developed as a substitute for insole leather.

1990 - A highly versatile sample 18-station bicolor injection molding plant was installed in the Bangalore factory for production of `State-of-the-art' injection molded shoes with synthetic and textile uppers and specially developed PVC compounds as soloing material. - Pursuant to a Scheme of Arrangement between the Company and Bata Properties, Ltd. a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, certain properties constituting the real estate division

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of the Company were transferred to BPL for better development and management with effect from 1st July.

1991 - A promotional brand `Tigre' was launched to keep the factories full at all times and thereby reduce losses due to under recovery of overheads. - The Company issued non-convertible debentures aggregating Rs 3.50 cores to SBI Mutual Fund. These debentures are redeemable in three equal installments at the end of 6th, 7th and 8th year from the date of allotment. Negotiations were in progress for private placement of the remaining debentures.

1992 - The workers at Batanagar factory went on strike from 3rd January, to 23rd May, which resulted in a substantial loss of production during the initial 6 months of the year. - The Company undertook to set up a green field export oriented unit at Hour in Tamilnadu with the State-of-the-art technology. - Over the years, the Company with the collaboration of Bata Development, Ltd., London, U.K., and its association with Bata, Ltd., Toronto, has been building up its own wellequipped and up-to-date R&D organization.

1993 - The Company undertook to expand and modernize its existing plants for capacity optimization to become cost efficient on a global basis. Apart from it also undertook expansion and up gradation of its retail stores. Export Oriented Unit was also to be set up at Hour in TamilNadu .- During January, the Company issued 105,00,000 No. of equity shares of Rs 10 each at a premium of Rs 20 per share on rights basis in the proportion of 1:1. Allotment of 1,856 No. of equity shares was kept in abeyance since the matter was sub-judice. The balance 104,98,144 shares were allotted.

1995 - 13,114,000 No. of equity shares allotted to Bata (BN) BV Amaterdown, The Northerlands the holding company.

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- The Long Term Agreement with the Bata Mazdoor Union representing employees of Batanagar and Calcutta Offices was signed at bipartite level satisfactorily without any disruption of work.

1996 - The Company has received a notice in writing from a member of the Company under Section 257 of the Companies Act, 1956 signifying his intention to propose the appointment of Mr Thakur as a Director of the Company.

1997 - India's largest shoe company Bata India (BIL) has performed admirably to stage a remarkable turnaround for the year ended December 1996. - Bata has entered into a marketing tie-up with Nike wherein the latter's products will be offered from select Bata outlets. - The company's debt-equity ratio is also set to improve dramatically to 0.60:1 from 1.90:1 in December 1996 and 2.06:1 in December 1996. - Bata India, a 51 per cent subsidiary of Canada based Bata Shoe Organization, had last revalued its buildings in 1969, and the latest exercise which will cover all fixed assets is expected to substantially prop up its reserves.

1998- Bata India, a subsidiary of the Canadian multinational Bata Shoe Organization, has suspended its after-sales service. - Every Bata outlet, 1,000 owned and over 600 joint ventures were expected to sell Hush Puppies, Marie Claire and Adidas. - Bata India has proposed a dividend of 85 paisa per share to its shareholders for the year ended December `98. - The shoe major had concluded long term wage agreements with the workers of its factories at Faridabad (Haryana) and Mokamehghat (Bihar) for three years up to 2001.

1999- Bata needs to launch new products on a regular basis by expanding its women's range, and moving into the premium segments it had vacated. - The company will launch the `Sundrops' line at New Delhi on August 16.

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- The company signed seven long-term agreements and the last in Batanagar is in an advanced stage of negotiations which will be settled soon. - Bata's Faridabad factory workers' union finally reached an agreement with the company management, ending the nearly eight-month-old lock-out at the unit. - Bata India is aiming to achieve a 15 per cent growth in turnover and profits in 1999, to reach the target set out in the Vision 2001 plan drawn up by Compass, the international board of the Bata Shoe Organization (BSO). - Shoe major Bata India, which is set to unleash a new advertisement campaign for its new ladies range `Sundrops', has signed up film actress Rani Mukherjee to endorse the line.

2000 - Bata India (Bata) is the largest footwear manufacturer and produces a wide range of footwear such as canvas, rubber, and leather, plastic and so on. - The Company has lifted the lock-out at its Peenya factory in Karnataka. The lockout was declared on March 8th following a strike by the employees' union.

2002 -Withdraws lockout at Bata India's Peenya Factory on the direction of Government of Karnataka. -Creates its own insider trading rules in an attempt to protect the rights of shareholders and prevent unscrupulous trading in the company's share by insiders. -Shareholders approve for the transfer of Tannery and Footwear division to separate Companies. -Appoints Mr Jaswant Singh as the whole time Director, Marketing and Commercial.

2003 -Shareholders pass all the major nine requisite resolutions. -Appoints Gautam Thapar, Vice-chairman and MD of Ballarpur Industries Ltd on the Board of the company. -Forges into a retailing alliance with Lee Cooper Shoes, to retail their shoes. -Engages Ogilvy and Mather to devise its Festive season Advertising, side stepping, JWT, its incumbent agency.-Repositions itself as the marketing firm.

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2004 -Bata unveils new flagship store in Mumbai-de-lists equity shares from the Calcutta Stock Exchange Association Ltd. -Appoints Mr Constantin Salameh, Senior VP and CFO of Bata Shoe Organization as acting Chairman-Bata India has inducted P M Sinha, former CEO of Pepsi Cola International South Asia as Chairman of the company

2006-Bata India Ltd has informed that Mr. J Carbajal has been appointed as an Additional Director on the Board of Bata India Limited

2007- Bata India Ltd has set up a new flagship store in Thiruvananthapuram.

2010- Bata India Ltd has informed that Mr. Fadzilah Bin Mohd Hussein has been appointed as an Additional Director on the Board of the Company with effect from July 29, 2010.

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MILESTONES The company milestones achieved by the company are given in the table below: Timeline 2003-2009 Milestone / Event - Enters into retailing alliance with Lee Cooper - Unveils new flagship store in Mumbai 1990-1999 - Sets up new flagship store in Thiruvananthpuram - Installs injection moulded plant - Sets up export oriented unit at Hosur in Tamil Nadu - Ties-up with Nike for marketing the latters products through its retail outlet 1973-1988 - Launches new ladies range Sundrop - Goes public, listed shares on BSE and NSE Enters into agreement with Adidas for manufacture and marketing of sports goods and sportswear in India Launches marketing of `Star' clothings designed by Murjani International, New York, U.S.A. and sourced through Inmark Brands Pvt. Ltd. Introduces a new brand Tigre Sets up machinery department to manufacture shoe making machine Sets up factory in Patna, Bihar Sets up factory in Faridabad Incorporated at Kolkata Tanning introduced at the new factory at Batanagar in Kolkata

1942-1952

1931-1937

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AWARDS AND RECOGNITION Your Company has received the following Awards and Recognition, which has made us all proud: i) Bata India Limited was awarded "Retailer of Year (Footwear/Non Apparel)" by the Asia Retail Congress at Mumbai on February 8, 2011. ii) Bata India Limited received the "Most Admired Footwear Brand" of the year award by Images Fashion Forum in Mumbai on February 18, 2011. iii) Amity University awarded Bata India Limited "Corporate Excellence Award for the Best Retail Chain" during the international business summit on February 23, 2011. iv) Bata Industrials received Directorate General Mines Safety Certification for its PU Sole Safety Footwear range. v) Bata India Limited was recognized as the Most Trusted Brand at 18th position by the Brand Trust Report. This ranking is post survey of 16,000 brands; only 300 top brands were felicitated by The Trust Advisory. vi) Bata India Limited has been awarded the "SUPERBRANDS" status again for the year 2012. vii) Bata India Limited has secured the 35th rank in Brand Equity's Most Trusted Brands 2011 while being the No.1 footwear brand in India. As the most preferred brand, Bata continues to grow and service its valued customers with confidence. viii) Bata India Limited bagged the Award for "Customer & Brand Loyalty" in Footwear Sector, at the 5th Loyalty Awards in February 2012, presented by AIMIA and conceived and managed by Kamikaze B2B Media.

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VISION & MISSION

Vision:- Vision is that igniting spark that can inspire and energies people to do better. The focus of vision is to reach out hungrily for the future and drag it into the present. Bata India today wishes to reposition itself as a market driven, fashion conscious lifestyle. Focus on a variety of customer groups. Mission:-A mission statement articulates the philosophy of the company with respect to the business in specific and society in general. Once the mission statement of the company is finalized and adapted, it provides a readymade guideline to employees of the organization about its principles, policies and practices.

Bata will provide its products and services to all the age groups in the community. Will also provide the finest quality through customer involvement.

ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE Employees of the Company are categorized along the following grades, in descending heirachical order: Directors Senior Managers (Senior Vice President, Vice President, General Manager) Middle Managers Junior Managers Selling personnel Shop Managers Shop Employees Additionally, the Company employs direct and indirect workmen on its factory sites. The number of permanent employees currently on the payroll of the Company is 9,969 as on January 31, 2005.

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ORGANISATION CHART

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VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS OPERANT IN BATA

PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT: Personnel department is the heart of the organization and is one of the most important portfolios, dealing with matters directly or indirectly related to its human resource, that is its manpower. It acts as a connecting bridge between the employees, trade unions and other external entities and the management. Personal department plays a vital role in interconnecting various departments to enable smooth operation of the organization. In Bata India Ltd., the Personnel department maintains individual personnel audit records in its kartotek and uses it for important decision makings related to the transfer, promotion, separation, performance- appraisal, welfare schemes, services and benefits, labor relations, grievance handling etc. It is also responsible for the recruitment and selection of the right people for the right job. FINACE DEPARTMENT FINANCIAL CONDITION OF BATA INDIA LTD Year over year, Bata India Ltd. has been able to grow revenues from 12.8B to 15.5B. Most impressively, the company has been able to reduce the percentage of sales devoted to selling, general and administrative costs from 32.28% to 21.40%. This was a driver that led to a bottom line growth from 883.7M to 2.6B. P/E Ratio The PE ratio is much more sensitive to changes in expected growth rates when interest rates are low than when they are high. The reason is simple. Growth produces cash flows in the future and the present value of these cash flows is much smaller at high interest rates. Consequently the effect of changes in the growth rate on the present value tends to be smaller.

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Operating Profit During the year 2010 your Company achieved a total turnover of Rs. 12,770.9 million as compared to Rs.11, 125.9 million in 2009, which reflects a growth of around 15%. Company has undergone a transformation in all areas of its business whether it is sales, profitability, shoe line, visibility and the ambience of its stores. In the last 4 years, 72% of the stores have been renovated. Due to the continuous and ongoing process of restructuring being adopted by your Company in all areas of its operations, there has been improvement in manufacturing, changes in sourcing, credit management, retail restructuring, labor union - management relationship, retail expansion programs, training and development, team building, internal controls, borrowings, working capital management, business processes, corporate governance, de-risking the business of the Company and now introduction of the Home Delivery Service of shoes for the convenience, comfort and choice of our valued customers. Using this service, customers can now place orders for any footwear which they are unable to find in a Bata store and get it home delivered through courier with no extra cost. Earnings Per Share The Earning per Share (EPS) (Basic and Diluted) of your Company has increased substantially by 41.87% (from Rs.10.46 in 2010 to Rs.14.84 in 2011). Company is out of Bank Borrowings since April 2011 as against Rs.146.5 million at the end of 2009, despite the entire capital expenditure and VRS funded through internal accruals.

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Revenue Latest Financial Figures ET 500 Rank(2011) Industry Turnover Profit after Tax(PAT) MCAP (Market Capitalization) Assets 409 Leather/Synthetic Products 1520.54 205.47 4342.22 412.01 (Figures in Rs. Crores)

Bata India has 8 globally popular brands. The company has also tied up with the giant footwear company Adidas, to set up a manufacturing unit for shoes and apparels in India. Further, Bata India Ltd. and the international footwear giant, Reebok have announced an agreement to foray into retailing business jointly. Bata India registered net sales 1826.70 million for the quarter ended March, 2007 and the company's net profit stood at ` 53.50 million for the same period.

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PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT: The actual job of the product development department starts with collecting the information from the marketing department about the Do not be desirous of having things done quickly. Do not look at small advantages. Desire to have things done quickly prevents their being done thoroughly. Looking at small advantages Confucius Design or pattern expected to be in demand in the near future. Accordingly designs are prepared for all types footwear along with the material to be used in a particular article. This department is more concerned with providing comfort to its customers rather than style. Sizes of the shoe to be manufactured are pre-decided region wise e.g.: For eastern region sizes between 5 to 11 (gents) For southern region size is 7 onwards gents) and 4 to 5 general sizes for ladies products.

This department consists of a separate CAD / CAM section, where designs are prepared and cut by a computerized cutting machine. The software used for this purpose Crispin Cad Suite prepares two-dimensional view of designs. These designs along with the material are tested in the Research & Development laboratories before reaching the production department.

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PRODUCTION PLANNING & CONTROL DEPARTMENT: Production planning and control section of management which delivers the estimate for the production of particular style during a specific period, so that they may serve the best possible service to the customer without unwanted late in delivery or unwanted dumping of the produced goods. The sales department sends the estimate for the volume of the goods that is likely to sell, on the basis of statistical method, market "Often the difference between a successful person and a failure is not one has better abilities or ideas, but the courage that one has to bet on one's ideas, to take a calculated risk and to act. -Maxwel Maltz

Research, previous years performance and promotion of selling effort they actual did. And accordingly volume of goods is projected for the production department and costing department then the costing and production department plan for the procurement of all the necessary materials, machineries, grinderies etc. and their capacities of production in terms of manpower they are having. Other functions of this department are: This department also prepares the records the volume of product in the production stream daily. This is called workshop production balance sheet. Prepares the plan sheet for the different articles that has to be sent to either the whole-seller or retailer article wise or the number of pairs of specific size so that the box of packing completes their capacity. This is called production invoice for whole sales and retails i.e. distribution of order plan wise. PRODUCTS OF BATA INDIA LIMITED Leather Footwear Rubber / Canvas Footwear Plastic Footwear Accessories, Garment & Others Bags and Luggage Belts

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PRODUCT AND SERVICES % % of Inst. Prod. Cap. Stock Cap Util. Sales (Cr.) Sales (Rs.) / Unit

Product Name

Unit

Prodn Sales Qty

Footwear-Leather FootwearRubber/Canvas.

Prs Prs

69.6 100.0 20,256,000 13,564,000 24,551,000 1,089.07 443.59 19.2 100.0 42,500,000 6,645,000 16,162,000 300.76 186.09

Footwear-Plastic AccessoriesGarments & Others

Prs

7.1

0.0

0 8,074,000

111.71 138.36

NA

4.0

0.0

61.89

Sale -Sundry Store/R.M./Scrap Income from Repair Shop/Chiro.

NA

0.1

0.0

1.14

NA

0.0

0.0

0.05

Finished LeatherHides

Pcs

0.0 100.0

1,596,000

110,000

0.00

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MANUFACTURING DEPARTMENT: Batanagar plant is one of the biggest manufacturing units in the state. It is a well equipped with the best machines and safety equipments, most of them imported from Korea and other countries. Some of the newly installed machines are capable of producing high quality footwear round the clock. This department is further divided into the: 1. 2. The leather factory ( producing leather shoes ) The rubber factory ( producing rubber and canvas shoes, rubber chapels ) Desire is the key to motivation, but it's the determination and commitment to an unrelenting pursuit of your goal - a commitment to excellence - that will enable you to attain the success you seek - Mario Andretti Both within the Batanagar plant itself. Skilled employees known as rink conveyor (leather) and sandal conveyor (rubber) carry out the production through a chain of operations. Some of the operations involved in shoe manufacturing are last-preparation, upper-insole, Jaro-molding, performing, force-last etc.. A constant quality check during the production process reduces the number of defective pairs getting to the shops. 6 STAGES IN PRODUCTION: Manipulation Prefabrication Sewing Assembly Warehousing Retail stores (leather & other material cut and bundled) (stamping, punching, skiving, gimping, embossing) (components stitched together) (upper & lower components brought together) (shoes checked, inspected, sorted, stored, shipped) (receive goods, check for accuracy damage, promote)

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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT: The research and development department is responsible for validating the products and designs prepared for production. Various mechanical properties related to the materials to be used for the upper and sole of the footwear are thoroughly checked using electronic machines these include Tensile testing, flexural testing etc. designs are checked for its durability. Suggestions to improve the overall quality of the finished products are sent back to the product development department. MARKETING
MARKET SCENARIO

The company enjoys the highest market share in India and this is evident from the fact that the total retail presence of the company currently is more than thrice that of its closest competitor (Liberty: 381 stores). Bata has over 15% market share in Organized Retail market and around 6.5% share in unorganized retail. CURRENT MARKET SCENARIO: The Indian footwear market is estimated to be over 10,000 Crores in value terms and is growing at the rate of 810% over the years. In this Mens footwear account to be 50%, whereas, womens share constitutes to be 40% and the remainder are covered by kids segment. In this total market demand, about 42% are brand-driven. And bata is covering about 12% of the organized footwear segment.

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BATA TODAY: 1300 retail outlets all over the country; Serves 1 million customers per day; Employs more than 40,000 people; Operates 4,600 retail stores Worldwide; Manages a retail presence in over 50 countries; Runs 40 production facilities across 26 countries;

MAJOR RETAIL BRANDS IN INDIA

RETAILER Bata Liberty Metro Woodland M& B Footwear Regal Shoes Loft Khadims Sree Leather

PRESENT IN NO CITIES All cities 225 31 Across India All major cities 7 2 East & South of India West Bengal, Orissa, Bihar

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BATA Kids footwear Mens footwear Ladies footwear Accessories

CASUALS Bubble gummer

FORMALS Bata Hush Puppies

FORMALS Bata Marie Clair Socks Hand bag School bag SANDLES Marie Clair Bata Caps Shoe polish Shoe Brush Shoe Laces SPORTS Power Lotto Rbk Port Land Belt

SCHOOL North Star Tiger

North Star ID Lee Cooper

CASUALS Bata Hush Puppies ID North Star Weinbrenner Lee Cooper SPORTS Power Lotto FOOTCARE Dr. Scholles

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Adidas Rbk Nike Portland FOOTCARE Dr. Scholles SLIPPERS Bata Sandak

SLIPPERS Bata Sandak

Top 5 Competitiors

Name

Last Price

Market Cap. (Rs. cr.) 5,519.94 376.60 174.29 165.54 54.57 36.10

Sales Turnover 1,266.43 557.76 474.38 298.14 167.33 621.01

Net Profit Total Assets

Bata India Relaxo Footwear Mirza Intl Liberty Shoes Bhartiya Inter Crew B.O.S.

858.95 313.80 18.80 97.15 52.15 25.80

95.35 37.69 39.18 10.64 5.54 22.43

412.01 317.13 309.61 241.63 180.13 447.96

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PEST ANALYSIS
POLITICAL Since Bata operates in multiple countries across Europe, Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Australia, it needs to pay close attention to the political climate but also laws and regulations in all the countries it operates in while also paying attention to regional governing bodies. Laws governing commerce, trade, growth, and investment are dependent on the local government as well as how successful local markets and economies will be due to regional, national and local influence. ECONOMIC Operating in numerous countries across the world, Bata functions with a global economic perspective while focusing on each individual market. Because Bata is in a rapid growth period, expanding or forming a joint venture in over five countries world-wide a global approach enables Bata to adapt and learn from the many different regions within the whole automotive industry. They have experience and resources from five continents across the globe, thus when any variable changes in the market they can gather information and resources from all over the world to address any issues.

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Bata also has to pay close attention to shifts in currency rates throughout the world. Currency fluctuations can equate to higher or lower demands for Bata shoe which in turn affect profitability. It can also mean a rise in costs or a drop in returns. But they also have to pay attention to not just the domestic currency, the rupee, but also to the dollar, Euro, baht, won, and pound, to just name a few. Just because the rupee is strong against the dollar does not mean it is strong against all the other currencies. Attention to currency is important because it influences where capital investment will develop and prosper. SOCIAL Undoubtedly, the beliefs, opinions, and general attitude of all the stakeholders in a company will affect how well a company performs. This includes every stakeholder from the CEO and President, down to the line workers who screw the door panel into place, from the investor to the customer, the culture and attitude of all these people will ultimately determine the future of a company and whether they will be profitable or not. TECHNOLOGY Bata and its parent company, the Tata Group, are ahead of the game in the technology field. The Bata operates in more than 80 countries world-wide. This equates to Bata having lots of experience and resources to draw from for research and development purposes. The foundation of the companys growth is a deep understanding of economic stimuli and customer needs, and the ability to translate them into customer-desired offerings through leading edge R&D (Bata).

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SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGTHS Brand Image Reasonable quality at low or reasonable price Diversity with ranges in running, training, court, basketball, football and Outdoor Footwear for the entire family Financially Strong Conveniently accessible outlets in various parts of the country Targeting all income segments Provide training for managers and employees Nationwide retail network

WEAKNESSES No continuity of leadership In 2001, 5% decrease in net sales No proper planning regarding Advertisement No variety in Fashionable shoes

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OPPORTUNITIES THREATS Customer Dissatisfaction Price wars with competitors Competitors Political Instability Economic Threat Changing in consumer preferences. E-Commerce Acquired, Partnership with small players Entering new segments of Markets Capturing Market where no other potential competitor exists Innovative Products New mediums for advertisements

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CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

The following CSR activities have been undertaken by your Company during the year 2011: Your Company has come forward to preserve the nature by joining World Wide Fund (WWF) to protect the natural environment and its wildlife and also actively participated in "Save the Ganga" project. We have state-of-the-art effluent treatment plants so that we do not pollute the river 'Ganga'. Your Company has been associated with Family India - a voluntary network of individuals who supports a collective mission to provide social, educational and humanitarian services and conduct enrichment programs to improve the quality of life. Your Company has donated an UPS equipment to the school for underprivileged "Deaf and Dumb" children at the school welfare center, Gurgaon for running the Computer facilities without affecting power failure. A library was set up at welfare center for underprivileged "Deaf and Dumb" children, a librarian is deputed to run the library during school hours, 250 school bags were gifted to the children on the day of inauguration of library. An amusement park named as "Bata Children Park" has been developed on an unutilized landfill area within school vicinity and made available to especially abled children of the "Deaf and Dumb" school. The amusement park was inaugurated by Mr. Thomas G. Bata during his visit to the school. Organized a Pulse Polio Program at Bataganj factory and nearby slum areas wherein 4800 children (0-5 years age group) were vaccinated with the help of 10 BCP volunteers and State Govt. medical team. Bata Sports Club felicitated the Bengal football team that won gold medal in the national games. Mr. P. K. Banerjee -renowned Olympian and ex Indian team captain and coach was also

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present on this occasion. A tree plantation drive was organized at Batanagar plant during the month of September 2011. Health checkup camps such as free Blood sugar testing, Obesity, Eye checkup camp were organized for employees of Batanagar and their families during the month of July and August, 2011. Bags, stationary and sweets were distributed to 56 orphans at Missionaries of charity, a NGO in Kolkata by Retail East office. The Company is providing free medical services to the people living near the factory in Bataganj (Patna) and also free drinking water facilities to the inhabitants residing around the factory.

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RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
05-MAR-12 :- Credit rating agency, ICRA has reaffirmed the long-term rating assigned to Rs.56 crore1 fund based / non-fund based limits of Bata India (Bata) at AA. The outlook on the rating is positive. 01-MAR-12 :- Bata India has posted consolidated net profit of Rs 2,588.59 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 as compared to Rs 883.730 million for the year ended December 31, 2010, representing an increase of 2.92times. 31-OCT-11 :- Bata India has posted a net profit of Rs 304.23 million for the quarter ended Sept. 30, 2011 as compared to Rs 207.24 million for the quarter ended Sept. 30, 2010, registering an increase of 46.80%. 29-JUL-11 :- Bata India has posted a net profit of Rs 409.89 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2011 as compared to Rs 259.05 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2010 representing rise of 58.23%. 29-JUN-11 :- Bata India has decided to directly move into the rural market for the first time for volume growth. The outgoing chairman of the company, P. M. Sinha, told shareholders at the 78 {+t} {+h} AGM that an extensive market research report was ready. ``We have not penetrated rural India so far. 27-OCT-10 :- Bata India has registered rise of 57.57% in net profit for the quarter ended Sep.30, 2010. Its profit for the current quarter stood at Rs 207.2 million against Rs 131.5 million for the same quarter a year ago. 29-APR-10 :- Bata India, the largest footwear retailer and the leader in the footwear industry in India, announced its financial results for the first quarter of the year 2010. The company continued with its strong growth momentum by posting an impressive 38.7% growth in net profit at Rs 143.3 million as against net profit of Rs 103.3 million in the same period last year. The net sales of the company grew 11.2% at Rs 2591.5 million as against net sales of Rs 2330.3 million in the same period last year.

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FUTURE PLANS
During 2010 Company has hired 71 Middle and Senior level Executives for its various functional areas and people moving out, retiring etc. had been replaced with professionals with better qualification and experience. Creating bench strength and building up capability for future growth Executive Development plan:- For the second consecutive year, Company pursued its aim of nurturing and developing new talent for various responsibilities by successfully training its Executive Trainees. 13 executive trainees have been hired from various retail management schools that have gone through 9 months Executive Development Plan (EDP) which was initiated in the year 2009. Total 13 executive trainees, who successfully completed their training, have been placed as District Managers across chains in retail operations in 2010. Many more executives have been hired during 2010 for retail operation, merchandising and whole sale, etc.
Graduate Engineers Development Plan:- Company has also initiated process of hiring and training engineers for its manufacturing division. In the first batch of Graduate Engineer Trainees (GETs) a total of 11 graduate engineers were inducted at Batanagar. The one year duration training program is currently underway. During the initial phase of their training of 4 months at Batanagar, the trainees have been placed to different units to take up On-the-Job training in their final phase of training.

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CASE STUDIES
1. CASE OF ABSENTEEISM: Mr. NRS (actual name not disclosed ) is an accord employee of BATA INDIA LTD. Batanagar. He is directly involved in the shoe manufacturing conveyor. He was known to be a regular absentee, but at the same time a multi-skilled worker with lots of experience. The organizations personnel department looked at the possible options to solve this problem. During the first half of 2007, NRS surpassed his casual and medical leaves available by more than 125 (days), as per organizations SOR (Standing Orders and Rules, as in agreement with Bata Mazdoor Union). Show-Cause notices were issued under section 15(h), requiring him to explain in writing, the reasons for his continuous absence from work. NRS replied within the stipulated time along with a Medical Certificate proving his illness. An in depth scrutiny of the Medical Certificate proved that the documents were fake under the provision of 19(A) of the SOR. The guilty can be terminated from his present job. However the management decided to give him one last chance to mend his ways (and not to lose a skilled employee) and handed him three days suspension without pay. The personnel manager planned the process to regularize his unauthorized absence and fraudulent means by creating an atmosphere where NRS should fully recognize what is expected of him in the future. He was scolded by one manager and was comforted by another as was planned before to make him aware of this last golden opportunity, provided to him. As of date NRS is still an employee in BATA INDIA LTD. And his problem has relatively minimized to a great deal. This incidence proves that human resource planning is not only to follow the rulebook but also to invent complimentary ways to solve such type of problems in long run interest of the organization.

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2.

CASE OF MISCONDUCT: A permanent line cutter of a production department in BATA

INDIA LTD, Batanagar plant, Mr. SKR (actual identity not disclosed) was involved in a particular job for some time. He was trailing behind his colleagues working in the same conveyor, hampering the rate of production, and thus was allotted a new job by his immediate boss (Asst. officer) Mr. DKB (actual identity not disclosed for obvious reasons). Unable to mentally adapt to this decision to shift him to another job, Mr. SKR started abusing his superior Mr. DKB and also attempted to physically assault him. He also threatened to cause him harm outside the factory. The case was reported to the personnel department the very same day and a show cause notice issued to the defaulter Mr. SKR, to be answered within 48 hours as per clauses D and K under section 21 (a) of the standing orders and rules (SOR) of Bata India Ltd. and clause 14 of the model standing orders applicable to all industrial establishments of India. The said employee pleaded guilty and was ashamed of his act and promised not to repeat the same. The serious nature of the offence demanded disciplinary action but considering it as his first minor offence was let off with a warning and written undertaking. This case is another fine example that the organization provides ample opportunity to rectify their improper acts and every opportunity provided to him to put forward his version of the unwanted event. Thus the disciplinary policy is preventive, corrective, reformative rather than punitive. Although, one important information missing here is that whether the Asst. officer Mr. DKB was advised to forgive and forget , which would have been the perfect way to conclude this natural justice?

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3. CASE OF TERMINATION : (RISE OF ABSENTEEISM TO AN ABNORMAL LEVEL) Mr. PKM (actual identity not revealed) was an employee of Bata India Ltd. Batanagar plant for more than 19 years. He was terminated for prolonged unauthorized absence in 1993, but reinstated in 1995 through a special request by the Bata Mazdoor Union (B.M.U. ). This opportunity provided to him by the organization was not fully utilized as his unauthorized, unexplained, and avoidable & willful absence from work continued thereafter. According to his leave and absence card 2004 and 2005:

LEAVE AND ABSENCE CARD 2004 S No. From 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1/1/2004 9/2/2004 23/04/2004 12/5/2004 28/07/2004 31/08/2004 1/11/2004 To 20/01/2004 7/4/2004 30/04/2004 25/06/2004 3/8/2004 29/09/2004 31/12/2004 C/L -------Ordinary leave 5 62 8 40 6 30 61 Sick Leave 15 -------

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LEAVE AND ABSENCE CARD 2005 S No. From 1 2 3 4 1/1/2005 30/05/2005 25/10/2005 7/11/2005 To 18/05/2005 23/09/2005 26/10/2005 31/12/2005 C/L --2 -Ordinary leave 123 116 -41 Sick Leave 15 ----

Mr. PKM once again remained absent without notice from 7/11/2005 to 17/3/2006 and was issued registered show cause notices under clause 15(h) of the Standing Order and Rules (SOR). He was asked to report within 2 weeks, his case was forwarded to the chief medical officer (C.M.O.), who declared him fit to join his duties, but he did not. Further, show causes were not replied. Finally the management decided to terminate him with effect from 14/04/2006. This highlights the peculiar and abnormal magnitude of absenteeism prevailing in Indian industries. Thus, the importance of taking such decisions in the longer interest of the organization becomes absolutely necessary at times. In order to send a clear message to the employees that organizations tolerance has a limit. As such serious problems regarding absenteeism involves heavy expenses, including overhead costs of reserves as well as of the idle equipments.

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MY EXPERIENCES (STRATREGIES ADOBTED IN BATA) Bata India Ltd, Batanagar plant was the first instance our career where the practical applications of managerial functions in an organization were displayed before us. We got ample exposure to the versatility of the managers role as a figurehead meeting the routine, obligatory, social & legal duties, as a leader, maintaining, developing and motivating the human resources, as a disseminator distributing selected information to others outside the unit, as an entrepreneur developing the unit, to take advantage of existing opportunities and anticipated threats, as a resource-allocator integrating the activities and resources utilization, as a negotiator, bridging the gap between the management and employee unions and as a spokes person to us, distributing selected information and conveying the appropriate image of the unit. Asst. Manager (Personnel) who guided me throughout this project was instrumental in providing opportunities to directly get involved in the day to day functioning of the department. He said books make a manager, but practical experiences make them successful. I worked on absenteeism, late-coming, early-going, union demands on major organizational issues etc. where the manager acts as disturbance handler and has to take many aggressive, unwanted decisions at times along with initiating some creating ideas, keeping in view the long term interest of the organization. I was invited at one of Bata India Ltd. retirement / farewell party, to get me acquainted with the organizational culture and managements perspective towards its human resources. In a simply organized program in the seminar hall of the personnel department, the organization bid adieu to three of its employees after a long and dedicated service period in the vicinity of 30-35 years. A soul touching speech was given by one of their long-time colleague, which touched the soul of everyone present on the occasion. He said, This is not only to recognize their contribution over the years, but also to learn from their experiences. Mementos and gifts were given to the departing employees and refreshments served to the gathering. The event was significant in specifying the importance of a formal and planned separation of employees from the organization.

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WEBSITES

1. www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bata_Shoes 2. www.ggits.org 3. www.google.org 4. www.rdunijbpin.org 5. www.bata.com 6. www.bata.org 7. www.bata.in