EEL303: Power Engineering - 1

Transmission Line Inductance Calculation Part 1

Course Coordinator: A. R. Abhyankar

A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)

Transmission Line Parameters

Modeling a transmission line is all about finding the values of above parameters in per unit length (meter) and per phase Parameters are distributed along the length of the line
A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)

Resistance

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Resistance
R=

Ohm per meter per phase

Resistivity of conductor material (ohm-meter) Effective conductor area (meter2)

A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)

Resistance
Formula is for DC resistance Distribution of current is uniform More the frequency of AC current, more nonuniformity of current distribution Skin Effect Current develops tendency to move towards the surface Higher effective resistance
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Inductance

A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)

Inductance
Most important line parameter Has direct bearing on transmission capacity and voltage drop Depends on line geometry (wire size and configuration)

A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)

Flux Linkages of Infinite Straight Wire

Infinite wire is one-turn coil with return path at infinity Straight infinitely long wire of radius r Uniform current density in the wire. Total current is i

A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)

Flux lines form concentric circles Assume current in the wire is coming out Case 1: x > r (point outside the conductor) Applying Amperes circuital law to path 1

H dI = H 2x = i
1

H Magnetic Field Intensity (At/m) dI differential path length (m) i Total instantaneous current linked by closed path

H=

i 2x
1

A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)

Flux lines form concentric circles Assume current in the wire is coming out Case 2: x <= r (point inside the conductor) Applying Amperes circuital law to path 2

x2 H 2x = 2 i r x H= i 2 2r

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Calculation of flux linkages of the wire per meter and flux within finite radius R

Substituting from 1 Flux linkages outside the wire

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Calculation of flux linkages of the wire per meter and flux within finite radius R

Substituting from 2 Flux linkages inside the wire

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Total Flux Linkages per Meter

0 = 4 10 7
r 1 r 1

permeability of free space outside conductor inside conductor if non-magnetic (copper or aluminum)

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Flux Linkages: Multi-conductor Case

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Flux linkage of conductor 1 due to current in k:

Substituting from 3

Total flux linkages of conductor 1 due to currents in all conductors:

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Add following to second term

Second term becomes

As R1 Since

Rk 1 R1

i1 + i2 + L + in = 0

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For non-magnetic wire

r = 1
r '1 = r1e 1/ 4 = 0.7788r1 0.78r1

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Generic Expression Flux linkages of kth Conductor:

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Special Case of Generic Form of Equations: Two Conductor Single Phase Line

r1

r2

Conductors for Single Phase

d12 = d21

1 = 0 2

1 1 i1 ln + i2 ln r '1 d12 d12 i1 ln r '1

since

i1 = i2
d12 ln r' 1
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1 = 0 2

L1 = 0 2

A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)

The resulting flux for the two conductors is determined by the sum of the flux linkages of both the conductors.

Thus TOTAL INDUCTANCE of double conductor line:

0 L = L1 + L2 = 2

d12 0 d 21 ln r ' + 2 ln r ' 1 2 0 d12 L= ln H /m r '1 r '2

If

r '1 = r '2 = r '

d12 L = 4 10 ln H /m r'
7

A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)

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Special Case of Generic Form of Equations: Each Phase Inductance of Three Phase Line

Conductors have equal radii r

ia + ib + ic = 0
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a =

0 2

1 1 1 ia ln + ib ln + ic ln r' D D

0 1 1 a = ia ln ia ln 2 r' D 0 D a = ia ln r' 2
0 D La = = ln ia 2 r '
La = 2 10 7 ln D H /m r'

A. R. Abhyankar, IIT Delhi (2012)

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