Tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection caused by a germ called Mycobacterium

tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but they can also damage other
parts of the body. Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious disease. Like the common cold, it spreads through the air. Only people who are sick with TB in their lungs are infectious. When infectious people cough, sneeze, talk or spit, they propel TB germs, known as bacilli, into the air. A person needs only to inhale a small number of these to be infected. Left untreated, each person with active TB disease will infect on average between 10 and 15 people every year. But people infected with TB bacilli will not necessarily become sick with the disease. The immune system "walls off" the TB bacilli which, protected by a thick waxy coat, can lie dormant for years. When someone's immune system is weakened, the chances of becoming sick are greater. Symptoms of TB in the lungs may include: * A bad cough that lasts 3 weeks or longer * Weight loss * Coughing up blood or mucus * Weakness or fatigue * Fever and chills * Night sweats

Morbidity and Mortality Rate of Tuberculosis In 2010, a total of 11,181 tuberculosis (TB) cases were reported in the United States, for a rate of 3.6 cases per 100,000 population, which was a decline of 3.9% from 2009 and the lowest rate recorded since national reporting began in 1953 (1). This report summarizes provisional 2010 data from the National TB Surveillance System and describes trends since 1993. Despite an average decline in TB rates of 3.8% per year during 20002008, a record decline of 11.4% in 2009 (2), and the 2010 decline of

3.9%, the national goal of TB elimination (defined as <0.1 case per 100,000 population) by 2010 was not met (3). Although TB cases and rates decreased among foreign-born and U.S.-born persons, foreign-born persons and racial/ethnic minorities were affected disproportionately by TB in the United States. In 2010, the TB rate among foreign-born persons in the United States was 11 times greater than among U.S.-born persons. TB rates among Hispanics, non-Hispanic blacks, and Asians were seven, eight, and 25 times greater, respectively, than among non-Hispanic whites. Among U.S.-born racial and ethnic groups, the greatest racial disparity in TB rates was for non-Hispanic blacks, whose rate was seven times greater than the rate for non-Hispanic whites. Progress toward TB elimination in the United States will require ongoing surveillance and improved TB control and prevention activities to address persistent disparities between U.S.-born and foreign-born persons and between whites and minorities. Morbidity and Mortality Rate of Tuberculosis in the Philippines Of the approximately 200 countries in the whole world today, only 22 countries are still left battling tuberculosis (TB), the infectious disease caused by the pathogenic bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Among these 22 countries still infected with TB, the Philippines now rank ninth, an improvement to its former rank at seventh in the past years. This translates to approximately 250,000 Filipinos being infected annually and with around 75 patients dying everyday from the disease. To date, TB remains as the sixth leading disease-related cause of mortality in the Philippines. To curb this health crisis, the government, together with public and private companies and organizations, have come up with various educational and health programs to stop the spread of the disease, especially the dreaded multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB). With regards to the latter, the Philippines ranks 8th among 27 priority countries worldwide with the highest number of MDR-TB cases.

Objectives: Short-term

General Objectives
Gain knowledge and deeper understanding of the condition, be able to provide the quality care for the client, and impart health teachings regarding the clients condition in maintaining an optimum level of functioning.

Specific Objectives
During the interaction, the students will be able to: Gain the trust of the of the client; Achieve enough information about the past and present medical history; Gather demographic data about the client; Have a background of the disease condition Render appropriate interventions to prevent complications of the disease Provide health teachings appropriate regarding the condition

Long-Term At the end of the case study, the students will be able to: Interpret the current trends and statistics regarding the disease condition; Relate the present state of the client with his personal and pertinent family history; Gain knowledge on the acquisition and progression of the disease; Determine the non-modifiable and modifiable factors that contribute to the occurrence of the disease; Identify common medications used as treatment for the disease; Give recommendations based from what was learned from the study.

Reasons for choosing such for case presentation: The students have chosen this case so that they will be geared up with the knowledge on tuberculosis in the community and how many percent is affected by the condition. Tuberculosis is a common disease in the community and the students want to find out about the knowledge of the people with this specific condition. The students want to impart their knowledge not only to the chosen client but also to the people in the community so they will be able to prevent acquiring the disease. Also to determine their role as health care providers and to share their ideas in the prevention and management of this kind of disorder. They also believed that learning can be enriched if there is the actual interaction with the client who has the condition being studied. In addition, to be able to learn completely, one must be able to know how the concepts learned be applied into the actual clinical practice.