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Boolean algebra

Some use full laws in Boolean algebra: plus sign (+) means OR the multiplication sign () means AND As we work our way through the laws of Boolean Algebra we will see that these signs are appropriate. Commutative Law
In Boolean Algebra A+B = B+A
A B B

AB = BA
A B B A

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Associative Law
In Boolean Algebra (A+B) + C= A+(B+C)
A B C B

C A

(AB) C = A(BC)

A B C

C A

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Distributive Law
In Boolean Algebra A(B+C) = (AB) + (AC)
A B C A C A 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 B 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 C 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 B+C 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 A (B+C) 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 (AB) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 (AC) 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 (AB) +( AC) 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 B (AND can be distributed over OR)

A+(BC) = (A+B) (A+C)


B C A C A B

(OR can be distributed over AND)

A 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1

B 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1

C 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

BC 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

A+ (BC) 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1

(A+B) 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1

(A+C) 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1

(A+B )(A+C) 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1

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DeMorgan's Laws AND and OR logic are related by DeMorgan's Laws AB = A+B The complement of the product equals the sum of the complements. Draw the schematic for A+B

Draw the Schematic for AB

Draw the truth table for AB

Draw the truth table for A+B

A+B = AB

The complement of the sum equals the product of the complements.

Draw the Schematic for A+B

Draw the schematic for AB

Draw the truth table for A+B

Draw the truth table for AB

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Logic Rules
Rules of AND A0 A1 AA AA Rules of OR A+0 A+1 A+A A+A Rules of XOR A0 A1 AA AA Rules of NAND A NAND 0 = A NAND 1 = A NAND A = A NAND A = Rules of NOR A NOR 0 A NOR 1 A NOR A A NOR A A A 0 1 Rules of XNOR A XNOR 0 A XNOR 1 A XNOR A A XNOR A = = = = = = = =

= = = = = = = =

0 A A 0 A 1 A 1 = = = =

1 A A 1 A 0 A 0 A A 1 0

Order of operations NOT Bracket AND OR

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Emulation
(AA) (BB) = A+B

Simplify the left side of the equation (AA) (BB) = (AA) +(BB) = (AA) + (BB) = A+B
(De Morganise) (delete the double negative) (the rules of AND)

A 0 0 1 1

B 0 1 0 1

(AA) 1 1 0 0

(BB) 1 0 1 0

(AA) (BB) 0 1 1 1

A+B 0 1 1 1

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Emulation
((AB) A)((AB) B) = A B Simplify the left side of the equation ((AB) A)((AB) B) = ((AB)A)+((AB)B) = ((AB)A)+((AB)B) = ((A+B)A)+((A+B)B) = ((AA) + (AB)) + ((BA) + (BB)) = (0+(AB))+((AB+0)
()+( )
A 0 0 1 1 B 0 1 0 1 A 1 1 0 0 B (AB) 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 (AB)A 1 1 0 1 (AB)B 1 0 1 1 ((AB)A)((AB)B) 0 1 1 0 (AB)+(AB) 0 1 1 0 A B 0 1 1 0

(De Morganise)

(delete the double negatives) (De Morganise) (distributive law) (rules of AND) (rules of OR)

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