Sunteți pe pagina 1din 107

CWY Verb & Vocabulary Book

Verbs

Actions & States of Being Weather

Vocabulary

Verb-Associated Vocabulary Kinship Body Parts Time & Money


Verb Types and Tenses Pluralizing Verbs, Nouns, Adjectives/Adverbs Pronominal Prefixes
1 of 107

Grammar

Adehloqwasdi 1: Current Verbs


Jiyega : Waking Up Gadidia : Getting Up Jiyviha : Entering Gadawoa : Bathing/Swimming (De)jinvgalia : Cleaning Gadvnvsdia : Getting Ready Deganiwoa : Getting Dressed Jigia : Eating It Galisdayvhvsga : Eating Meal Gaditasga : Drinking Ganigia : Leaving Gega : Going Dagilvwisdaneha : Working Gedoa : At (location) Gohlvsga : Making Nigadvneha : Doing Dagiyawega : Tired

Aktadegia : Thirsty Agiyosia : Hungry Jilvsga : Sleepy Agwaduliha : Want Agilvkwdi : Like Agasga : Raining Aganawosga : Warming Up Uhyvdla : Cold Uditlega : Hot Unesahyvdla : Cool Ganesdaladia : Freezing Ganolvsga : Windy Agaliha : Sunny Ulogila : Cloudy Gutiha : Snowing Ahyvdagwaloa : Thundering Anagaliha : Lightning

Jiyega : Im Waking Up

PRESENT TENSE: Jiyega Jiyega, asehno tla yigalieliga. Im waking up, but Im not happy. HABITUAL TENSE: Jiyegoi Nigohilv ugitsdeyi iyv yinulstana jiyegoi. I always wake up at dawn. REMOTE PAST: Agiyejvi Svhi jigesv, j-agiyejv, asehno tla yagwadidvhe. Yesterday, I woke up, but I didnt get up.
Hiyegi! Wake up!
2 of 107

Gadidia : Im Getting Up

PRESENT TENSE: Gadidia Nogwu gadidia. I am getting up now. HABITUAL TENSE: Gadidisgoi Dodagwidena gesoi, tla kila yigadidisgoi. On Saturdays, I do not get up early. REMOTE PAST: Agwadidvhvi Svhi jigesvi, agiyeja agwadidvhvi. Yesterday, I got up when I woke up.
Hadida! Get up!

Jiyviha : Im Entering

PRESENT TENSE: Jiyviha Gahljode jiyviha doyi uhyvdla-hehno. Im going in because its cold out here. HABITUAL TENSE: Jiyviohi Oni sdudi gvhdi nigohilv jiyviohi. I always enter through the back door. REMOTE PAST: (W)agiyvhlvi Adasdaydii wagiyvhlvi kahwi agwotlvnv-hno. I went into the kitchen and made coffee.
Hiyvha! Enter! Go in!

3 of 107

Gadawoa : Im Bathing/Swimming

PRESENT TENSE: Gadawoa Nogwu gadawoa. I am bathing now.

HABITUAL TENSE: Gadawosgoi Goga yinulstana gadawosgoi. I swim during the summer.
REMOTE PAST: Agwadawovi Svhi jigesvi, tla yagwadawoei. Yesterday, I didnt bathe.
Hadawoja! Bathe! / Swim!

(De)jinvgalia : Im Cleaning

PRESENT TENSE: (De)jinvgalia Adladidlai jinvgalia. I am cleaning the car. HABITUAL TENSE: (De)jinvgalisgoi Nigadawosgonv nigohilvi dejinidogv dejinvgalisgoi. I always brush my teeth before I bathe. REMOTE PAST: (D)aginvgalvhvi Svhi jigesvi, uhlisda dejinidogv daginvgalvhvi. Yesterday, I brushed my teeth quickly.
Hinvgala! Clean it!

*/De-/ or /D-/ is used when cleaning more than one object.

4 of 107

Gadvnvsdia : Im Getting Ready

PRESENT TENSE: Gadvnvsdia Digilvwisdanehdi gadvnvsdia. I am getting ready for work. HABITUAL TENSE: Gadvnvsdisgoi Sinale uhlisda gadvnvsdisgoi. I get ready quickly in the morning. REMOTE PAST: Agwadvnvstanvi Svhi jigesvi, didehloqwasdi agwadvnvstanvi. Yesterday, I got ready for class.
Hadvnvsda! Get ready!

Deganiwoa : Im Getting Dressed

PRESENT TENSE: Deganiwoa Junadehloqwasdi deganiwoa. I am getting dressed for school. HABITUAL TENSE: Deganiwosgoi Yidagwadehloqwanvsa, deganiwosgogwu. I only get dressed when I go to school. REMOTE PAST: Dagwahnuwovi Svhi jigesv dagwahnuwovi asehno Dodagwidena gesv agwvkewsvi. I got dressed yesterday, but I forgot it was Saturday.
Tahnawoja! Get dressed!

5 of 107

(De)jigia : Im Eating It

PRESENT TENSE: (De)jigia Svkta jigia. I am eating an apple.

HABITUAL TENSE: (De)jigisgoi Utsqwisdi nitohina unigisdi dejigisgoi. I eat a lot of bad food.
REMOTE PAST: Agigvi Svhi jigesvi, nigada gelisgi agigvi. I ate all of that pie yesterday.
Higa! Eat it!

Galisdayvhvsga : Im Eating (meal/place)

PRESENT TENSE: Galisdayvhvsga Junahlsdayhdii galisdayvhvsga. I am eating at the restaurant. HABITUAL TENSE: Galisdayvhvsgoi Junadehloqwasdi galisdayvhvsgoi. I eat at school. REMOTE PAST: Agwalsdayvhnvi Digwenvsv sinaleehi agwalsdayvhnvi. I ate breakfast at home.
Halsdayvhvga! Eat the meal!
6 of 107

Gaditasga : Im Drinking

PRESENT TENSE: Gaditasga Ama gaditasga. I am drinking water. HABITUAL TENSE: Gaditasgoi Kawi ugodi gaditasgoi. I drink a lot of coffee. REMOTE PAST: Agwaditahvi Jungilosdi jigesvi tla kawi yagwaditahei. I didnt drink any coffee on Friday.
Hadita! Drink!

Ganigia : Im Leaving

PRESENT TENSE: Ganigia Nogwu ganigia, sinale donadagohvi. I am leaving now, see you tomorrow. HABITUAL TENSE: Ganigisgoi Hishgi atlilisvi digilvhwisdanhdi ganigisgoi. I leave work at five oclock. REMOTE PAST: Agwahnigisvi Digwenvsvi tali atlilisvi j-agwahnigisvi. I left home at two oclock.
Hahnigi! Leave! / Walk!
7 of 107

Gega : Im Going

PRESENT TENSE: Gega Digaduhv gega. I am going to town. HABITUAL TENSE: Gegoi Dodagwidena gesoi digaduhv gegoi. On Saturdays I go to town. REMOTE PAST: Agwenvsvi Svhi jigesvi, digaduhv agwenvsvi. Yesterday, I went to town.
Hwena! Go!

Dagilvhwisdaneha : Im Working

PRESENT TENSE: Dagilvhwisdaneha Sdaya dagilvhwisdaneha. I am working hard. HABITUAL TENSE: Dagilvhwisdanehoi Junadehloqwasdi dagilvhwisdanehoi. I work at a school. REMOTE PAST: Dagilvhwisdanelvi Svhi jigesvi, digwenvsvi dagilvhwisdanelvi. Yesterday, I worked at home.

Dijalvhwisdasi! Work!
8 of 107

Gedoa : I am At

PRESENT TENSE: Gedoa Junadehloqwasdi gedoa. I am at school.

HABITUAL TENSE: Gedohoi Kila junadogwasdi wigedohoi igohida. I am there early during the week.
REMOTE PAST: Agwedolvi Svhi sinale jigesvi, digwenvsv sgohi igohida wagwedolvi. Yesterday morning I was at home until 10.
Hweda! Go there! / Be at!

(De)gohlvsga : Im Making (it)

PRESENT TENSE: (De)gohlvsga Taluja gohlvsga. I am making a basket. HABITUAL TENSE: (De)gohlvsgoi Digwenvsv digohweli degohlvsgoi. I make books at home. REMOTE PAST: (D)agwohlvnvi Svhi jigesv kawi j-agwohlvnvi. I made the coffee yesterday.

Hohlvna! Make it!

9 of 107

Nigadvneha : Im Doing It

PRESENT TENSE: Nigadvneha Tohi nogwu nigadvneha. I am doing well now.

HABITUAL TENSE: Nigadvnehoi Tlagohusdi dodagwasgv nigadvnehoi. I dont do anything on Sundays.


REMOTE PAST: Nagwadvnelvi Svhi jigesvi nagwadvnelvi. I did it yesterday.
Hnadvga! Do it!

Dagiyawega : I am Tired

PRESENT TENSE: Dagiyawega Dagiyawega, asehno tla gohusdi yigadvga. I am tired, but I havent done anything. HABITUAL TENSE: Dagiyawegoi Nigohilv dagiyawegoi ugodi dagilvhwisdaneho-hehno. I am always tired because I work a lot. REMOTE PAST: Dagiyawejvi Dagiyawejvi iyuyehldi sdaya dagilvhwisdanelvi. I was tired because I worked hard.

10 of 107

Aktadegia : Im Thirsty

PRESENT TENSE: Aktadegia Aktadegia Amas janeha?. Im thirsty Do you have any water? HABITUAL TENSE: Aktadegisgoi Sinale yagiyeja, nigohilv aktadegisgoi. When I wake up in the morning, Im always thirsty. REMOTE PAST: Aktadeganvi Usv jigesv aktadeganvi, asehno tla aditasdi yaginehei. I was thirsty last night, but I didnt have anything to drink.

Agiyosia : I am Hungry

PRESENT TENSE: Agiyosia Nogwu agiyosia. I am hungry now. HABITUAL TENSE: Agiyosisgoi Nigohilv agiyosisgoi si digwadehloqwasdi nidogadlosvna. I am always hungry before my class. REMOTE PAST: Agiyosisgvi Degadeloqwasgv igohida agiyosisgvi. I was hungry during class.

11 of 107

Jilvsga : I am Sleepy

PRESENT TENSE: Jilvsga Jilvsga agwansinvsdi agwaduli. Im sleepy I want to go to bed. HABITUAL TENSE: Jilvsgoi Nigohilv svhiyeyi yinulstana jilvsgoi. Im always sleepy in the afternoon. REMOTE PAST: Agihlvnvi Gohida agihlvnvi, asehno si jilvsga. I slept a long time, but Im still sleepy.

Hwitlvna! Go to sleep!

(D)agwaduli : I Want

PRESENT TENSE: (D)agwaduli Na agwaduli. I want that. HABITUAL TENSE: (D)agwadulihoi Yudaha agwadulihoi vhna agwenvsdi. Sometimes I want to go there. REMOTE PAST: (D)agwadulihvi Svhi jigesvi tuya dagwadulihvi. I wanted beans yesterday.
Yagwadula. I would like
12 of 107

(D)agilvwkdi : I Like

PRESENT TENSE: (D)agilvwkdi Sdaya-sgwatlesdi agilvwkdi. I like baseball. HABITUAL TENSE: (D)agilvwkdoi Sinale igohida kawi agilvwkdoi. I like coffee in the morning. REMOTE PAST: (D)agilvkwtanvi Tla-ilvhiyui uhloyi adladidlai dagilvkwtanvi. I never liked those types of cars.

Adehloqwasdi 2: Verbs

Jiluhga : Arriving/Coming (De)jigatosdi : Watching Galenia : Beginning Jisgwadia : Finishing Gadasdayvhvsga : Cooking Meal Gvnisdia : Cooking a Food Jiwatvhidoha : Visiting Someone Jilinohehdi : Talking to Someone (D)akiwasga : Buying (D)agiha : Have (round/solid)
13 of 107

Jiluhga : Im Arriving/Coming

PRESENT TENSE: Jiluhga Nogwu jiluhga. I am arriving now. HABITUAL TENSE: Jiluhgoi Iyudaliha sinale sohnela atlilisvi jiluhgoi. I usually arrive morning at nine oclock. REMOTE PAST: Agiluhjvi Sgohi udalula sgohi agiluhjvi. I arrived at ten before ten.
Hiluhgi! Get here! Hwiluhgi! Get there!

Jigatosdi : Im Watching

PRESENT TENSE: Jigatosdi Gihli jigatosdi. I am watching the dog. HABITUAL TENSE: Jigatosdisgoi Jisgwa ugodi dejigatosdisgoi. I watch birds a lot. REMOTE PAST: Agwaktostanvi Usv jigesvi adayvlatvsgi agwaktostanvi. I watched TV last night.
Haktosda! Watch it!
14 of 107

Higatosda! Watch him!

Galenia : Im Starting/Beginning

PRESENT TENSE: Galenia Nogwu didehloqwasdi galenia. I am starting class now. HABITUAL TENSE: Galenisgoi Osi galenisgoi, asehno uyoi jisgwadisgoi. I begin well, but finish poor. REMOTE PAST: Agwalenvhvi Dodagwonv jigesvi dagilvhwisdanehvi agwalenvhvi. I started work on Monday.
Halena! Begin!

Jisgwadia : Im Finishing

PRESENT TENSE: Jisgwadia Nogwu jisgwadia. I am finishing now. HABITUAL TENSE: Jisgwadisgoi Gohusdi yigalenisgoi, jisgwadisgoi. When I start something, I finish it. REMOTE PAST: Aksgwadvi Agvyi aksgwadvi. I finished first.

Hisgwada! Finish!
15 of 107

Gadasdayvhvsga : I am Cooking (meal)

PRESENT TENSE: Gadasdayvhvsga Usv-ehi gadasdayvhvsga. I am cooking dinner. HABITUAL TENSE: Gadasdayvhvsgoi Sinale-ehi gadasdayvhvsgoi Dodagwasgv sinale. I cook breakfast on Sundays. REMOTE PAST: Agwadasdayvhnvi Usv-ehi agwadasdayvhnvi, asehno tla-gohusdi yagigei. I cooked dinner, but I didnt eat any of it.

Hadasdayvhvga! Cook the meal!

Gvnisdia : I am Cooking (food)

PRESENT TENSE: Gvnisdia Juweji degvnisdia. I am cooking eggs. HABITUAL TENSE: Gvnisdisgoi Juweji gvnisdisgoi asdaya. I cook my eggs hard. REMOTE PAST: Agwvhnistanvi Svhi jigesvi hia uweji agwvhnistanvi. I cooked this egg yesterday.

Hvhnisda! Cook it!


16 of 107

(Ga)jiwatvhidoha : Im Visiting Someone

PRESENT TENSE: (Ga)jiwatvhidoha Oginalii jiwatvhidoha. I am visiting my friend. HABITUAL TENSE: (Ga)jiwatvhidohoi Dodagwidena gesoi digigayvlige wigajiwatvhidohoi. I go and visit my parents on Saturdays. REMOTE PAST: (Ga)jiwatvhidolvi Svhi jigesvi jogalii gajiwatvhidolvi. I visited with my friends yesterday.

Hihwatvhida! Visit with her!

(Ga)jilinohehdi : Im Talking To Someone

PRESENT TENSE: (Ga)jilinohehdi Oginalii jilinohehdi. I am talking to my friend. HABITUAL TENSE: (Ga)jilinohehdoi Junadehloqwasdi jogalii gajilinohehdoi. I talk to my friends at school. REMOTE PAST: (Ga)jilinohehtanvi Svhi jigesvi, junadehloqwasdi jogalii gajilinohetanvi. Yesterday, I spoke to my friends at school.

Hilinohehda! Talk to him!


17 of 107

(D)akiwasga : I am Buying It

PRESENT TENSE: (D)akiwasga Dihnawo dakiwasga. I am buying clothes.

HABITUAL TENSE: (D)akiwasgoi Goga yinulstana akihwasgoi dihnawo uhyvdli Gola. I buy winter clothes during the summer.
REMOTE PAST: (D)akiwasvi Didananv tla-gohusdi yakiwasei. I didnt buy anything at the store.

Chawahi! Buy it!

(D)agiha : I Have (Solid/Neutral)

PRESENT TENSE: (D)agiha Tali adladidlai dagiha. I have two cars. HABITUAL TENSE: (D)agihoi Ditlinohehdi agwajelii nigohilvi agihoi. I always have my phone. REMOTE PAST: (D)agihvi Svhi jigesvi tali adladidlai dagihvi, nogwu sagwu agiha. I had two cars yesterday, now I have one.

18 of 107

Adehloqwasdi 3 Verbs

(De)jigowhtiha : See Dagwaksesdi : Studying (De)gowelia : Writing

(De)jigoliyea : Reading
(De)gadehloqwaa : Learning Osda Nigvneha : Fixing Ganetldia : Translating Jiwoniha : Speaking (De)gvdia : Using (D)agineha : Have (liquid)

(De)jigowhtiha : I See

PRESENT TENSE: (De)jigowhtiha Anijoi gihli dejigowhtiha. I see three dogs. HABITUAL TENSE: (De)jigowhtisgoi Junadehloqwasdi oginalii jigowhtisgoi. I see my friend at school. REMOTE PAST: (Ga)jigovi/(D)agigohvi Svhi jigesv, nasgis diniyohli gajigoe? Didnt I see those children yesterday? Vsgina adladidlai agigohvi svhi jigesvi. I saw that car yesterday.

19 of 107

Dagwaksesdi : Im Studying

PRESENT TENSE: Dagwaksesdi Jalagi aksesdohdi dagwaksesdi. I am studying for the Cherokee test. HABITUAL TENSE: Dagwaksesdoi Tla-ilvhiyu yidagwaksesdoi si didehloqwasdi nidogadlosvna. I never study before class meets. REMOTE PAST: Dagwaksestanvi Ji-dagwadehloqwaa, Jalagi gawonihisdi dagwaksestanvi. When I was in school, I learned Cherokee.

Dejaksesda! Study!

(De)gowelia : Im Writing

PRESENT TENSE: (De)gowelia Sgohi juganhdadv digohweli degowelia. I am writing a ten page paper. HABITUAL TENSE: (De)gowelisgoi Osda Dijalagi degowelisgoi. I write good Cherokee. REMOTE PAST: (D)agwohwelanvi Gohweli agwajelii dagwohwelanvi Dijalagi. I wrote my paper in Cherokee.
Hohwelvga! Write it!
20 of 107

(De)jigoliyea : Im Reading

PRESENT TENSE: (De)jigoliyea Hia dejigoliyea, asehno tla yigoliga. I am reading this, but I dont understand it.

HABITUAL TENSE: (De)jigoliyesgoi Joi digohweli svnadodagwasdi igohida dejigoliyesgoi. I read three books a week.
REMOTE PAST: (D)agigoliyevi Digohweli dagigoliyevi. I read that book.

Higoliya! Read it!

(De)gadeloqwaa : Im Learning

PRESENT TENSE: (De)gadeloqwaa Disesdi gadeloqwaa. I am learning math. HABITUAL TENSE: (De)gadeloqwasgoi Junadehloqwasdi Jalagi gawonihisdi degadeloqwasgoi. I learn the Cherokee language at school. REMOTE PAST: (D)agwadehloqwavi Tla-gohusdi didehloqwasdi yidagwadehloqwaei. I didnt learn a thing in class.

Hadehloqwa! Learn it!


21 of 107

Osda Nigvneha : Im Fixing It / Doing Homework

PRESENT TENSE: Osda Nigvneha Aksesdohdi Jalagi osda nigvneha. Im doing my Cherokee homework HABITUAL TENSE: Osda Nigvnehoi Usv gesoi asksesdohdi digwadehloqwasdi osda nigvnehoi. I do my homework at night Adladidlai osda nigvnehoi yagwadlanvdadela. I fix cars when I have the time.

REMOTE PAST: Osda Nagwvnelvi Aktohvsgv asgwangodisgi osda nagwvnelvi usv jigesvi. I fixed the computer last night
Osda hnvga! Fix it! Do your homework!

Ganehldiha : Im Translating

PRESENT TENSE: Ganehldiha Hiana gohweli ganehldiha Jalaginvgi. Im translating this paper into Cherokee. HABITUAL TENSE: Ganehldisgoi Jalagi yagiwonisa, ugodi ganehldisgoi. When I speak Cherokee, I translate a lot. REMOTE PAST: Agwanehltanvi Usv jigesvi kanoheda agwanehltanvi. I translated this story last night.

Hanehlda! Translate it!


22 of 107

Jiwoniha : I am Speaking

PRESENT TENSE: Jiwoniha Sdaya jiwoniha. I am speaking loudly.

HABITUAL TENSE: Jiwonisgoi Jalagi yijiwonisgo, hlesdi yijayetsgesdi. If I speak Cherokee, dont laugh.
REMOTE PAST: Agiwonisvi Osdas usv jigesv agiwonisv? Did I speak well last night?
Hiwonihi! Speak!

(De)gvdia : Im Using It

PRESENT TENSE: (De)gvdia Hiana kanvsulv gvdia Soi hvhda. Im using this room Use another one. HABITUAL TENSE: (De)gvdisgoi Digohweli juwohwelanvi ugodi gvdisgoi. I use his book a lot. REMOTE PAST: (D)aktanvi Nigada dikanehisdi daktanvi gvgwanhdadisdi. I used all the words (spoken) I could remember.
Hvhda! Use it!
23 of 107

(D)agineha : I Have (liquid)

PRESENT TENSE: (D)agineha Kawi agineha igada yijaduli. I have coffee if you want some.

HABITUAL TENSE: (D)aginehoi Nigohilv kawi aginehoi janhta. You know I always have coffee.
REMOTE PAST: (D)aginehvi Kosinale jigesv kawi aginehvi. I had coffee this morning.

Adehloqwasdi 3 Verbs

Aktvdasdi : Listening Galikisohdiha : Practicing Deganelohvsga : Playing Dojadlosga : Meeting

Jigatiya : Waiting
Gadia : Saying (De)gutea : Picking Up Gadeloosga : Finding Out

24 of 107

Aktvdasdi : Im Listening

PRESENT TENSE: Aktvdasdi Dikanogisdi aktvdasdi. I am listening to music.

HABITUAL TENSE: Aktvdasdoi Radioi ugodi aktvdasdoi. I listen to the radio a lot.
REMOTE PAST: Aktvdastanvi Svhi jigesv unole j-aktvdastanvi. I listened to the wind yesterday.

Hatvdasda! Listen!

Galikisohdi : I am Practicing

PRESENT TENSE: Galikisohdi Disesdi Jalagi gvhdi galikisohdi. I am practicing my numbers in Cherokee. HABITUAL TENSE: Galikisohdihoi Jalagi gvhdi nigohilv galikisohdihoi. I practice my Cherokee all the time. REMOTE PAST: Agwalkisohtanvi Ugodi agwalkisohtanv, asehno si uyoi nagwadvnelvi. I practiced a lot, but I still did poorly.
Halkisohda! Practice!
25 of 107

Deganelohvsga : Im Playing

PRESENT TENSE: Deganelohvsga Doyi deganelohvsga. I am playing outside.

HABITUAL TENSE: Deganelohvsgoi Yidagwanelohna, sdaya deganelohvsgoi. When I play, I play hard.
REMOTE PAST: Dagwanelohnvi Tla svhi jigesv yidagwanelohnei. I didnt play yesterday.
Tanelohvga! Play!

Dojadlosga : Were Meeting

PRESENT TENSE: Dojadlosga Tla kohi-iga didehloqwasdi yidojadlosga. Class didnt meet today. HABITUAL TENSE: Dojadlosgoi Dodagwonv, Joine-iga, Jungilosdihno didehloqwasdi dojadlosgoi. I have class on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. REMOTE PAST: Dogadlosvi Sagwugwu sutliloda dogadlosvi. We only met for an hour.
This verb does not have a singular person form (I You or S/he) because one cannot have a meeting by oneself. At least two persons must be involved.

26 of 107

Jigatiya : Im Waiting

PRESENT TENSE: Jigatiya Oginalii jigatiya. I am waiting for my friend. HABITUAL TENSE: Jigatiyoi Nigohilvi oginalii jigatiyoi. I always wait for my friend. REMOTE PAST: Agiktidvi / Jigatidvi Didehloqwasdi udalenhdi agiktidvi. I waited for class to begin. Vgido ji-jigatidv usganoli jigi. I waited on my sibling who is slow.
Hiktida! Wait!

Gadia : Im Saying

PRESENT TENSE: Gadia Nogwu gadia. I am saying it now. HABITUAL TENSE: Gadisgoi Hesdi! gadisgoi nigohilv. I always say Dont!. REMOTE PAST: Agwadvhnvi Jaji hiyatvdasda agwadvhnvi. I said Listen to your mother.

Hada! Say it!


27 of 107

(De)gutea : Im Picking It Up

PRESENT TENSE: (De)gutea Dihnawo degutea. I am picking up the clothes. HABITUAL TENSE: (De)gutesgoi Utsgwisdi nvya degutesgoi yidagilvhwisdanela. I pick up a lot of rocks while Im working. REMOTE PAST: (D)agwutesvi Tla yagwutesei. Nihi jutesei agwelisvi. I didnt pick it up. I thought you picked it up.

Hutagi! Pick it up!

Gadeloosga : Im Finding Out

PRESENT TENSE: Gadeloosga Atliilisv uhnigisdi gadeloosga. Im finding out the time hes supposed to leave. HABITUAL TENSE: Gadeloosgoi Gusdi igvyi gadeloosgoi nigohilvi. I always find things out first. REMOTE PAST: Agwadelohosvi Iyadvnehi jigesvi agwadelohosvi. I found out that he was the one who did it.
Hadelohohi! Find out!

28 of 107

Adehloqwasdi 4 Verbs

Deganehldiha : Playing with It Ganetldiha : Trying Nigalstanvsga : Happening/Becoming

Degadeyohvsga : Teaching
Dejiyeyohvsga : Teaching Him Jisdayvhvsga : Cooking Meal for Her Gadawesolvsdiha : Resting Jiyosea : Saying to Him Jinosea : Telling Her

Deganehldiha : Im Playing with It

PRESENT TENSE: Deganehldiha / Dejiyanehldiha Aktohvsgv asgwangodisgi deganehldiha. Im playing on the computer. HABITUAL TENSE: Deganehldisgoi / Dejiyanehldisgoi Agiduji juwenvsv yuwogedola, gusdi agwvhni dejiyanehldisgoi. When we go to my uncles, I play with me cousin. REMOTE PAST: Dagwanehltanvi / Dejiyanehltanvi Vsgina junehldohdi dagwanehltanvi agiyosdanv igohida. I played with that toy until I broke it.
Tanehlda! Play with it!

29 of 107

Ganetldiha : I am Trying

PRESENT TENSE: Ganetldiha Hiktidagwu hiana aksgwadisdi ganetldiha. Just wait Im trying to finish this.

HABITUAL TENSE: Ganetldisgoi Sdaya ganetldisgo, asehno tla si yigoliga. I try hard, but I still dont understand.
REMOTE PAST: Agwanetltanvi Svhi jigesv digilvhwisdanelvsdi agwanetltanvi, asehno doyudv akdlvgv. I tried to go to work yesterday, but I was too sick.
Hanetlda! Try!

Nigalstanvsga : It is Happening/Becoming

PRESENT TENSE: Nigalstanvsga Gado doyi didla galstanvsga? Whats it like outside? IMMEDIATE PAST: Nigalsda Gado galsda ahani? What happened here? REMOTE PAST: Nulstanvi Uhyvdlvi nulstana, digwenvsv j-agwenvsvi. When it got cold, I went home.

30 of 107

Degadeyohvsga : I am Teaching

PRESENT TENSE: Degadeyohvsga Julsuhwida disesdihno degadeyohvsga. Colors and numbers I am teaching. HABITUAL TENSE: Degadeyohvsgoi Judodagwada degadyohvsgoi. During the week I teach. REMOTE PAST: Dagwadehyohnvi Dagwadehyohnohnv, igaehi agwalsdayvhnvi. After I taught, I ate lunch.
Tadehyohvga! Teach!

Dejiyeyohvsga : I am Teaching Him/Her

PRESENT TENSE: Dejiyeyohvsga Agweji dejiyeyohvsga Dijalagi. I am teaching my child the Syllabary. HABITUAL TENSE: Dejiyeyohvsgoi Dinadehloqwasgi Ajalagi dikanogisdi junihnogisdi gejiyeyohvsgoi Dodagwidena gesoi. I teach the students to sing Cherokee songs on Saturdays. REMOTE PAST: Dejiyeyohnvi Sagwu talile yigi dejiyeyohnvi. I taught him a thing or two.
Tiyehyohvga! Teach her!
31 of 107

Jisdayvhvsga : Im Cooking Him/Her a Meal

PRESENT TENSE: Jisdayvhvsga Nogwu jigi usv-ehi jisdayvhvsga. I am cooking her dinner right now. HABITUAL TENSE: Jisdayvhvsgoi Sidanelv sinale-ehi nigohilv gajisdayvhvsgoi Dodagwidena sinale. I always cook my family breakfast Saturday morning. REMOTE PAST: Jisdayvhnvi Soi usv jisdayvhnvi usv jigesv. I cooked him dinner the other night.
Hisdayvhvga! Cook her a meal!

Gadawelosvdiha : I am Resting

PRESENT TENSE: Gadawelosvsdiha Sdikida hiktidagwu. Gadawelosvsdiha. Just wait a bit. Im resting. HABITUAL TENSE: Gadawelosvsdisgoi Tla-gohusdi yigadvneho Dodagwidena gesoi gadawelosvsdisgogwu. I dont do anything but rest on Saturdays. REMOTE PAST: Agwadawelosvstanvi Dagwadehloqwaohnv, agwadewelosvstanvi. After class, I rested.

Hadawelosvsda! Rest!
32 of 107

Jiyosea : I am Saying to Him/Her

PRESENT TENSE: Jiyosea Tla osda adanhtehdi jiyosea. I am saying to him its not a good idea. HABITUAL TENSE: Jiyosehoi Agwanhta jiyosehoi. I say to him I know. REMOTE PAST: Jiyoselvi Jasdigvi jiyoselvi. I said to him Youre too small.
Hiyosi! Say it to him!

Jinosea : I am Telling Him/Her

PRESENT TENSE: Jinosea Dijenvsv jenvsdi jinosea. I am telling him to go home. HABITUAL TENSE: Jinosehoi Tstvdasdohdi jinosehoi. I tell him to listen. REMOTE PAST: Jinoselvi Osda hichuja! jinoselvi. I told him Youre a good boy.
Hinohisi! Tell her!
33 of 107

Adehloqwasdi 5 Verbs

Jilosga : Passing Ganvdadia : Remember Agwvkewsga : Forgetting

Gadatlosga : Winning
Wijiyakahvsga : Taking Her There Agwotla : At Home / Sitting Vgtlosga : Getting Beat Jihlosga : Beating Him Gatohgiyaa : Racing

Jilosga : I am Passing It

PRESENT TENSE: Jilosga Nigada didehloqwasdi dejilosga. I am passing all my classes. HABITUAL TENSE: Jilosgoi Ajalagi didehloqwasdi nigohilv jilosgoi. I always pass my Cherokee classes. REMOTE PAST: Agilosvi Aksesdohdi agilosvdv! I passed the test!
Hilohi! Pass it!
34 of 107

Ganvdadia : Im Remembering

PRESENT TENSE: Ganvdadia Nogwu ganvdadia. I am remembering it now. HABITUAL TENSE: Ganvdadisgoi Jogalii nigohilv gajiyanvdadisgoi. I always remember my friends. IMMEDIATE PAST: Ganvdada Gvyandada. Sgwandadas? I remembered you. Did you remember me?
Handada! Remember!

Agwvkewsga : Im Forgetting

PRESENT TENSE: Agwvkewsga Inalnohehdi igohida agwvkewsga. I am forgetting it as we speak. HABITUAL TENSE: Agwvkewsgoi Agehya dudoa nigohilv agwvkewsgoi. I always forget that womans name. IMMEDIATE PAST: Agwvkewa Sigwu digohweli digwajeli doagwvkewa. I forgot my books again.
Wijvkewa! Forget it!
35 of 107

Wijiyakahvsga : Im Taking Him There

PRESENT TENSE: Wijiyakahvsga Hleki dvjiluhji, agweji junadehloqwasdi wijiyakahvsga. Ill return soon, Im taking my kid to school.

HABITUAL TENSE: Wijiyakahvsgoi Edoda yudlvga, ganakti digalvhwisdanhdi wijiyakahvsgoi. When my dads sick, I take him to the doctors office.
REMOTE PAST: Wijiyakahnvi Junigilosdi jigesv, junadehloqwasdi agweji wijiyakahnvi. Last Friday I took my kid to school.
Hwiyakahvga! Take him there!

Agwotla : Im at Home

PRESENT TENSE: Agwotla Tedolvi. Nogwu agwotla. Come on over. Im home now. HABITUAL TENSE: Agwotloi. Ulosvsdi gahlgwogi atlilisv agwotloi. Im home after seven. REMOTE PAST: Agwotlvi Kosinale tla yagwotlei. I wasnt home this morning.

36 of 107

Gadatlosga : Im Winning

PRESENT TENSE: Gadatlosga Gadatlosgas? Am I winning? HABITUAL TENSE: Gadatlosgoi Iyudaliha gadatlosgoi. I usually win. REMOTE PAST: Agwadatlosvi Usv jigesvi ugodi adelv j-agwadatlosvi. I won a lot of money last night.
Hadatlohi! Win!

Vgtlosga : Im Losing (Being Beat)

PRESENT TENSE: Vgtlosga Vgtlosga hwiyosi. Go and tell her Im losing. HABITUAL TENSE: Vgtlosgoi Osda yigadanvtehoi yigi, vgtlosgoi. If Im not thinking right, I lose. REMOTE PAST: Vgtlosvi Svhi jigesv jvgtlosv tlahno yagilvkwtanei. I lost yesterday and I didnt like it.

37 of 107

Jihlosga : Im Beating Him at a Game

PRESENT TENSE: Jihlosga Jihlosga duyawegahehno. Im beating him because hes tired. HABITUAL TENSE: Jihlosgoi Usv gesoi jihlosgoi, iga yinulstana agihlosgoi. I beat him at night, he beats me when its day. REMOTE PAST: Jihlosvi Usv jigesv segajv jijihlosvi. I barely beat him last night.
Hihlohi! Beat her!

Gatohgiyaa : Im Racing

PRESENT TENSE: Gatohgiyaa Haniwa! Gatohgiyaa. Move! Im racing. HABITUAL TENSE: Gatohgiyasgoi Nigohilv gatohgiyasgoi. I race all the time. REMOTE PAST: Agwatohgiyvi Junigilosdi jigesv digwenvsv jagwatohgiyvi. I raced home on Friday.
Hatohgiya! Race!
38 of 107

Adehloqwasdi 6 Verbs

Jiili : Im Driving Wijinegia : Im Getting Liquid Wijigia : Im Getting Solid/Neutral

Nijiwea : Im Saying
Jinegwoa : Im Increasing It Akinalvha : Im Angry Akinalvga : Im Getting Angry Jinega : Im Answering

Jiili : I am Driving

PRESENT TENSE: Jiili Digwenvsv jiili. I am driving home. HABITUAL TENSE: Jiilisoi Doyu enuli jiilisoi. I drive too fast. REMOTE PAST: Agihiilinolvi Junadehloqwasdi agihiilinolvi svhi. I drove to school yesterday.
Hihiluga! Drive!
39 of 107

Wijinegia : Im Getting Liquid

PRESENT TENSE: Wijinegia Aditasdi wijinegia Im getting something to drink.

HABITUAL TENSE: Wijinegisgoi Sinale gesoi aditasdi wijinegisgoi si nagwahnigisvna. Every morning, I get something to drink before I leave.
REMOTE PAST: Waginegisvi. Kohiiga tla kawi yuwaginegisei. I didnt get my coffee today.
Hwinegi! Get the liquid!

Wijigia : Im Getting Solid/Neutral

PRESENT TENSE: Wijigia Ditlinohehdi wijigia. Im getting my phone. HABITUAL TENSE: Wijigisgoi Joineiga yinulstana adladidla wijigisgoi. I get the car on Wednesdays. REMOTE PAST: Wagigisvi Nigada digwajeli wagigisvi si nagiluhjvna. I got all my stuff before I came here.

Hwigi! Get it!

*Verb pluralizes /widejigia/ Im getting those things.

40 of 107

Nijiwea : Im Saying It

PRESENT TENSE: Nijiwea Vsginagwu nijiwea. Thats what Im saying

HABITUAL TENSE: Nijiwesgoi Nijiwesgoi Damatli hniwesgoi Tamatla. I say Damatli you say Tamatla
REMOTE PAST: Nagiwesvi Duyukdv nagiwesvi agwanhta. I know I said it correctly
Hniwi! Say it!

Jinegwoa : Im Increasing It

PRESENT TENSE: Jinegwoa Ahani ugodi uditlegi jinegwoa. Im raising the heat in here. HABITUAL TENSE: Jinegwosgoi Digohweli jinegwosgoi, asehno tla yidejigoliyesgoi. I accumulate books, but I dont read them. REMOTE PAST: Akinegwovi Goga igohida nulstanvi nigada adelv akinegwovi. I saved all my money during the summer.
Hihnegwoja! Increase it!
41 of 107

Hihnegwogi!

Akinalvha : Im Angry

PRESENT TENSE: Akinalvha Hlesdi jisgwahlnohehda Akinalvha. Dont talk to me Im angry. HABITUAL TENSE: Akinalvsoi Tla ilvhiyui yakinalvsoi. Im never angry. REMOTE PAST: Akinalvsvi Svhi jigesvi akinalvsvi tlanv yijanhtei. I was angry yesterday, you just didnt know it.

Akinalvga : Im Getting Angry

PRESENT TENSE: Akinalvga Akinalvga Yakinalvja tla yisgilvwktanvi. Im getting angry You wont like me when I get angry. HABITUAL TENSE: Akinalvgoi Sdudi tsohanaldohdi yijvkewsa akinalvgoi. I get angry when you forget to lock the door. REMOTE PAST: Akinalvjvi Tla yakinalvjei agwadlejvi. I didnt get angry I got revenge.
Chanalvgi! Get mad!
42 of 107

Jinega : Im Answering

PRESENT TENSE: Jinega Nogwu jigi jinega. Im answering right now. HABITUAL TENSE: Jinegoi Nigohilvi jinegoi. I always answer. REMOTE PAST: Akinejvi Tla yakinejei yigesei sdayigei sgwatvdi. If I didnt answer you should have asked me louder.
Hinegi! Answer!

Jisaladia : Im Raising/Lifting It

PRESENT TENSE: Jisaladia Jolani jisaladia uditlegihehno. Im raising the window because its hot. HABITUAL TENSE: Jisaladisgoi Digageda gohusdi dejisaladisgoi nidigahlsdohdi jinagwahlinigvga. I lift weights because it makes me strong. REMOTE PAST: Aksaladanvi Kanesai galvladi didla aksaladanvi. I raised the box high.
Hisaladvga! Raise it!
43 of 107

Gai : Im Walking

PRESENT TENSE: Gai Digwenvsvi gai. Im walking home. HABITUAL TENSE: Gaisoi Tla adladidlai yijiileha vsgihnv iyusdi nikvi gaisoi. I dont have a car so I walk everywhere. REMOTE PAST: Gaisvi Uhna gaisvi jagasgvi udalenvhvi. I was walking there when it started raining.
Hahnigi! Walk! *Note: Different Verb

Jisgaha : Im Afraid

PRESENT TENSE: Jisgaha Utana uyoi wahya jisgaha. Im afraid of the big bad wolf. HABITUAL TENSE: Jisgahoi Nigohilvi jisgahoi gohusdi jagwvkewsgvi. Im always afraid Ill forget something. REMOTE PAST: Aksgalvi Aksgalvi, asehno kilagwu jigesvi. I was scared, but only for a moment.
Hisgaya! Be afraid!
44 of 107

Jitayohiha : Im Asking for It

PRESENT TENSE: Jitayohiha Igada digohweli dejitayohiha. Im asking for some paper. HABITUAL TENSE: Jitayohihoi Jitayohihoi asehno tla hilvhiyui yikanegoi. I ask for it, but he never responds. REMOTE PAST: Aktayohlvi Vsgina aktayohlvi svhi jigesvi! I asked for that yesterday!
Hitayoha! Ask for it!

Jiyatvdvhvsga : Im Asking Him a Question

PRESENT TENSE: Jiyatvdvhvsga Nogwu jigi wijiyatvdvhvsga. Im asking him right now. HABITUAL TENSE: Jiyatvdvhvsgoi Dejiyatvdvhvsgoi Toigwu hnalsda. I ask him the questions You just be still. REMOTE PAST: Jiyatvdvhnvi Jiyatvdvhnvi asehno judvhnvi tla yagilvkwtanei. I asked the question but I didnt like what he said.
Hiyatvdvhvga! Ask her!
45 of 107

Jiyaseheha : Im Showing Him

PRESENT TENSE: Jiyaseheha Agiyvsdi jiyaseheha. Im showing him my room. HABITUAL TENSE: Jiyasehehoi Utsgwisdi gohusdi dejiyasehehoi. I show him lots of things. REMOTE PAST: Jiyasehelvi Joi iyuwakdi dejiyasehelvi, asehno si yuwohljei. I showed him three times, but he still didnt understand.
Hiyasehisi! Show him!

Gasuyea : Im Choosing It

PRESENT TENSE: Gasuyea / Jiyasuyea Yigasuyea gigagei adladidla agwaduliha. If Im choosing then I want the red car. HABITUAL TENSE: Gasuyesgoi / Jiyasuyesgoi Dikwanyosdi yidoganelohna aksdayvhvsgi jiyasuyesgoi. When we play cards, I pick my wife. REMOTE PAST: Agwasuyesvi / Jiyasuyesvi Agwahnigisdi agwasuyesvi si nagwehisdanelvna. I chose to leave before I got hurt.
Hasuyagi! Choose! Hiyasuyagi! Pick her!

46 of 107

Jiyaa : Im Inside

PRESENT TENSE: Jiyaa Jehlugv hisulgoi gahljode jiyaa. Quit yelling Im inside the house. HABITUAL TENSE: Jiyaoi Ugodi jiyaoi doyi didla uditlegohehno. Im inside a lot because its hot outside. REMOTE PAST: Jiyavi Uluhja jijiyavi. I was inside when he arrived.

Gajvsiyea : Im Walking

PRESENT TENSE: Gajvsiyea Akinoselv aganakti gajvsiyeahehno. Im walking because the doctor told me to. HABITUAL TENSE: Gajvsiyesgoi Ugodi gajvsiyesgoi asehno tla tlv yuwgedohoi. I walk a lot but I dont get anwhere. REMOTE PAST: Agwajvsiyevi Uhna gayula jagwajvsiyevi tla yuwdvjiluhji. I already walked over there and Im not going back.
Hajvsiya! Walk!
47 of 107

Agwehisdaneha : Im Aching/Hurting

PRESENT TENSE: Agwehisdaneha Ijula digwoyeni dagwehisdaneha yuyehldihno nagwanhtana. Both my hands are hurting and I dont know why. HABITUAL TENSE: Agwehisdanehoi Yuhyvdla jisgoli agwehisdanehoi. When its cold my head hurts. REMOTE PAST: Agwehisdanelvi Dagilvhwisdanelohna jiyelv nikvi jagwehisdanelvi. When I was done working my body hurt all over.

Agwohiyuha : I Believe/Confident

PRESENT TENSE: Agwohiyuha Duyukdv nidvdaneli ugvwiyuhi agwohiyuha. I believe the chief will do the right thing. HABITUAL TENSE: Agwohiyuhoi Nigada osda gesesdi nigohilvi agwohiyuhoi. I always believe everything will be ok. REMOTE PAST: Agwohiyusvi Yagwadvnvstanvi agwhiyusvi. I was confident that I would be ready.
Johiyusesdi! Have faith!
48 of 107

Agwelihia : Im Worried

PRESENT TENSE: Agwelihia Sdikida agwelihia Tla si anichuja yuniluhjei. Im a little worried The boys still havent arrived. HABITUAL TENSE: Agwelihisgoi Tla jutana gohusdi yagwelihisgoi Jusdi gusdi dagwelihisgoi. I dont worry about the big stuff Its the little stuff that worries me. REMOTE PAST: Agwelihisgvi Tla yagwelihisgei chada igohida. I wasnt worried until you said something.
Jelihisgesdi! Be worried!

Agwetluga : Im Yelling

PRESENT TENSE: Agwetluga Tla yisgwatvdasdi agwetlugahehno! Im yelling because youre not listening to me! HABITUAL TENSE: Agwetlugoi Ugodis agwetlugoi? Do I yell a lot? REMOTE PAST: Agwetluhnvi Agwetluhnvi asehno tla kilo yaktvganei. I yelled but no one heard me.
Hehluhvga! Yell!
49 of 107

Gadananesvhvsga : Im Shopping

PRESENT TENSE: Gadananesvhvsga Dihnawogwu gadananesvhvsga. I only shopping for clothes. HABITUAL TENSE: Gadananesvhvsgoi Tulsi gaduhv didla nigohilv gadananesvhvsgoi. I always shop in Tulsa. REMOTE PAST: Agwadananesvhnvi Ugodv agwadananesvhnvi asehno tla gusdi yakiwasei. I shopped a lot but I didnt buy anything.
Hadananesvhvga! Shop!

Agihyoha : Im Searching for It

PRESENT TENSE: Agihyoha Disduisdi digwajelii dagihyoha dejagohes? Im looking for my keys Have you seen them? HABITUAL TENSE: Agihyohoi Nigohilvi sduisdi agwajelii agihyohoi. Im always searching for my key. REMOTE PAST: Agihyalvi Ahani uhnahno agihyalvi, asehno sduisdi yinigalsdihagwu ilvhdlvi aginulvhnvi akiwatvhdi. I searched here and I searched there, but I couldnt find my key anywhere. Jayhga! Look for it!
50 of 107

Jiyoha : Im Looking for Him

PRESENT TENSE: Jiyoha Josdadanvtli jiyoha Higowatas? Im looking for my brother Have you seen him? HABITUAL TENSE: Jiyohoi Ohni achuja nigohilvi jiyohoi alitisgohehno. Im always looking for my youngest boy because he runs off. REMOTE PAST: Jiyalvi Tla yijiyalei jigotvhdi yagwadulisgehehno. I didnt look for him because I didnt want to see him
Hiyhga! Search for her!

Galisdeliha : Im Helping

PRESENT TENSE: Galisdeliha Nogwu galisdeliha eligwuhno kohiyv yiganigi. Im helping now so I can leave later. HABITUAL TENSE: Galisdelisgoi Tla yigalisdelisgoi nidagilvhwisdanehvna iyusdi. I dont help because its not my job. REMOTE PAST: Agwalsdelvhvi Sdikidagwu jagwalsdelvhvi. I only helped a little bit.
Halsdela! Help!
51 of 107

Jisdelia : Im Helping Him

PRESENT TENSE: Jisdelia Tla yijisdelia uwasa aktvdvhnvi igohida. Im not helping him until he asks me himself. HABITUAL TENSE: Jisdelisgoi Gohusdi nigohilvi jisdelisgoi. Im always helping him with something. REMOTE PAST: Jisdelvhvi Adladidla osda nosdvnehvi jisdelvhvi. I helped him fix his car.
Hisdela! Help him!

Degastayesga : Im Exhausted

PRESENT TENSE: Degastayesga Eligwus nogwu yijisuligoi? Degastayesga. Can I quit now? Im exhausted. HABITUAL TENSE: Degastayesgoi Jungilosdi yinulstana igohida degastayesgoi. By Friday Im exhausted. REMOTE PAST: Degastayesgvi Degastayesgvi asehno tla yaksuligojei. I was exhausted but I didnt quit.

52 of 107

Akdlvga : Im Sick

PRESENT TENSE: Akdlvga Akdlvga gelia. Iganigia. I think Im sick. Im going home HABITUAL TENSE: Akdlvgoi Tla ilvhiyui yakdlvgoi yigadvnehoi iyusdi. Im never sick because I dont do anything. REMOTE PAST: Akdlvgvi Svhi jigesvi jakdlvgvi asehno digajetla agwadanhta. I was sick yesterday but Im feeling better.

Jinawoga : Im Cold

PRESENT TENSE: Jinawoga Tla yijinawoga yigi, nihi sgwu tla hyinawoga. If Im not cold then youre not cold either. HABITUAL TENSE: Jinawogoi Hiana kanvsulv nigohilvi jinawogoi. Im always cold in this room. REMOTE PAST: Jinawogvi Jinawogvi doyihno didla agwenvsvi. I was cold so I went outside.

53 of 107

Jisduiha : Im Opening It

PRESENT TENSE: Jisduiha Sdudi usganolige jisduiha. Im opening the door slowly. HABITUAL TENSE: Jisduisgoi Aya gesv jisduisgoi, nihi hisduhvsgoi. Hohlgaju? I open, you close. Understand? REMOTE PAST: Aksduisvi Svhi jigesvi jaksduisvgwu. I just opened that yesterday.
Hisdui! Open it!

Jisduhvsga : Im Closing It

PRESENT TENSE: Jisduhvsga Hiana sdudi jisduhvsga aganawosgahehno. Im closing this door because its getting warm. HABITUAL TENSE: Jisduhvsgoi Yagwahnigisa sdudi jisduhvsgoi. I close the door when I leave. REMOTE PAST: Aksduhnvi Vsgina sdudi jaksduhnvi agwanhtvi. I know I closed that door.
Hisduhvga! Close it!
54 of 107

Agiganawosga : Im Warm

PRESENT TENSE: Agiganawosga Agiganawosga Inadawoja. Im warm Lets you and I swim. HABITUAL TENSE: Agiganawosgoi Juwenvsv yuwagwedola nigohilvi agiganawosgoi. When Im at her house Im always warm. REMOTE PAST: Agiganawosgvi Agiganawosgvi vdalihno wagwadawovi. I was warm so I went swimming in the lake.

Dojilawiga : Im Attending Church

PRESENT TENSE: Dojilawiga Nogwu dojilawiga kiloyusdi wigvyvdanelvi. Were at church now Ill call you later. HABITUAL TENSE: Dojilawigoi Tla ugodi yidojilawigoi. We dont attend church much. REMOTE PAST: Dogilawijvi Dogilawijvsvi asehno tla kilo yuwuwedolei. We went to attend church but no one was there.

55 of 107

Agiyohuseha : Im Losing It

PRESENT TENSE: Agiyohuseha Tla gusdi yagiyohuseha. Im not losing anything. HABITUAL TENSE: Agiyohusehoi Sdudi ugodi agiyohusehoi. I lose my key a lot. REMOTE PAST: Agiyohuselvi Igvyi sdudi agiyohuselvi nogwule aksdayvhvsgi jiyohuselelvi. First I lost my key and now Ive lost my wife.

Jiyalielicheha : Im Grateful to Him

PRESENT TENSE: Jiyalielicheha Jedohvi jiyalielicheha. Im grateful hes here. HABITUAL TENSE: Jiyalielichehoi Yulsdelvha nigohilvi jiyalielichehoi Im always grateful to him when he helps. REMOTE PAST: Jiyalielichelvi Uwedola tla yijiyalielichelei. I didnt appreciate him when he was here.

56 of 107

Jisuhwisga : Im Coloring/Painting It

PRESENT TENSE: Jisuhwisga Agiyvsdi jisuhwisga. Gado helia? Im painting my room. What do you think? HABITUAL TENSE: Jisuhwisgoi Nudale ije ulsuhwida nigolv judetiyvda agiyvsdi jisuhwisgoi. I pain my room a new different color each year. REMOTE PAST: Aksuhwisvi Digilvhwisdanhdi aksuhwisvi. I painted my office.
Hisuhwi! Color/Paint it!

Gadloyiha : Im Crying

PRESENT TENSE: Gadloyiha Gadloyiha vsgina jisgoli udohiyu agwehisdasihehno. Im crying because that really hurt my head. HABITUAL TENSE: Gadloyihoi Udohiyu ugodi yagwehisdanehv gadloyihogwu. I only cry if it really hurts a lot. REMOTE PAST: Agwadlohyilvi Jiyohli jigesvi ugodi jagwadlohyilvi. When I was a child I cried a lot.
Hadloyhga! Cry!
57 of 107

Agwadanhta : Im Feeling

PRESENT TENSE: Agwadanhta Kohiiga osigwu agwadanhta. Im feeling fine today. HABITUAL TENSE: Agwadanhtoi Doyu osda agwadanhtoi Dodagwidena yinulstana. I often feel great on Saturdays. REMOTE PAST: Agwadanhtvi Svhi jigesvi tla osda yagwadanhtei. I didnt feel good yesterday.

Agigohniyoga : Im Running Late

PRESENT TENSE: Agigohniyoga Inahnigi! Degadeloqwasgv agigohniyoga. Lets (you and I) go! Im running late for class. HABITUAL TENSE: Agigohniyogoi Ugodi agigohniyogoi utsgwisdi yidigwadvnhdi iyusdi. Im late a lot because I have lots to do. REMOTE PAST: Agigohniyojvi Sdikidagwu jagigohniyojvi. I was just a little bit late.

58 of 107

Agwadlanvdadeha : I Have Time

PRESENT TENSE: Agwadlanvdadeha Ginahlnohedohdi yijaduliha nogwu sdikida agwadlanvdadeha. I have a little time now if you want to talk to me. HABITUAL TENSE: Agwadlanvdadehoi Yidagilvhwisdanela, tla ugodi jilinohedohdi yagwadlanvdadehoi. When I work, I dont have a lot of time to talk to him REMOTE PAST: Agwadlanvdadelvi Svhi jigesvi igada agwadlanvdadelvi. I had some time yesterday.

Jigataha : I Know How

PRESENT TENSE: Jigataha Yagwadvnhdi jigataha. Nihinahv? I know how to do it. What about you? HABITUAL TENSE: Jigatahoi Osda yagwvnhdi nigohilvi jigatahoi. I always know how to fix it. REMOTE PAST: Jigatahvi Digadayosdi digwanehldi jigatahvi, asehno agwvkewsvi. I knew how to play marbles, but I forgot.

59 of 107

Jinoheha : Im Telling It

PRESENT TENSE: Jinoheha Kanoheda jinoheha. Im telling the story. HABITUAL TENSE: Jinohehoi Nigolv iyuwakdi kanoheda jinohehoi nigohilvi uyetsgoi. Every time I tell the story he always laughs. REMOTE PAST: Akinohehlvi Kanoheda jaknohehlvi, asehno tla kilo yuyetsgei. I told the story but no one was laughing.
Hihnohvla! Tell it!

Gatvgia : I Hear It

PRESENT TENSE: Gatvgia / Jiyatvgia Age didla jiyatvgia gelia. I think I hear him over there. HABITUAL TENSE: Gatvgisgoi / Jiyatvgisgoi Junohyvgvi kanvsulv nigohilvi gatvgisgoi. I always hear sounds in this room. REMOTE PAST: Aktvganvi / Jiyatvganvi Usv jigesvi wesa nigawesgvi jijiyatvganvi. I heard the cat meowing last night.

60 of 107

Gasuhvsga : Im Fishing

PRESENT TENSE: Gasuhvsga Jadvnhdi jijaduliha, aya gesvi gasuhvsga. You do what you want, Im fishing. HABITUAL TENSE: Gasuhvsgoi Uligohvsdi yinulstana gasuhvsgoi unesahyvdlohehno. I fish in the fall because its cooler. REMOTE PAST: Aksuhnvi Agwvsa aksuhnvsvi. I went fishing by myself.
Hasuhvga! Fish!

Jinoalidoha : Im Hunting

PRESENT TENSE: Jinoalidoha Doyu ehlawei hnalsda, jisdu jinoalidoha. Be very quiet, Im hunting rabbit. HABITUAL TENSE: Jinoalidohoi Yuhyvdla yuditlegahno tla yijinoalidohoi. I dont hunt when its cold or hot. REMOTE PAST: Aginohalidolvi Aginohalidolvsvi asehno galogwe agwvkewsvi. I went hunting but I forgot my gun.
Hinohalida! Hunt!
61 of 107

Agikwolega : Im Not Having Luck

PRESENT TENSE: Agikwolega Nogwu jigi gusdi agikwolega. Im not having any luck with anything right now. HABITUAL TENSE: Agikwolegoi Tla hilvhiyui yagikwolegoi yuwagwedola. I never have any luck when Im there. REMOTE PAST: Agikwolvsvi Svhi jigesvi gasuhvsgvi agikwolvsvi. Yesterday I didnt have any luck fishing.

Jidoga : Im Standing

PRESENT TENSE: Jidoga Ahanigwu jidoga. Gado hadvneha? Im just standing here. What are you doing? HABITUAL TENSE: Jidogoi Ahani jidogoi unesahyvdlohehno. I stand here because its cool. REMOTE PAST: Jidogvi Jidogvi juwjedolvi. I was standing, you were there.
Hidogesdi! Be standing!
62 of 107

Jinadega : Im Selling It

PRESENT TENSE: Jinadega Adladidla jinadega. Jahwahisdis jaduliha? Im selling my car. Want to buy it? HABITUAL TENSE: Jinadegoi Ugodi jinadegoi sihnv akihwasgoi gesvi. I sell more than I buy. REMOTE PAST: Aginadinvsvi Vsgina svhi jigesvi jaginadinvsvi. I sold that last week.
Hinaduga! Sell it!

Galisgia : Im Dancing

PRESENT TENSE: Galisgia Galisgia galieligahehno! Im dancing because Im happy! HABITUAL TENSE: Galisgisgoi Yagwalihelija, galisgisgoi. When Im happy, I dance. REMOTE PAST: Agwalsgisvi Uhljvdagwada jigesvi jagwalsgisvi degastayesgahno. I danced all night and now Im exhausted.
Halsgi! Dance!
63 of 107

Degugodiha : Im Deciding

PRESENT TENSE: Degugodiha Agwahnigisdi yigi degugodiha. Im deciding if I should leave. HABITUAL TENSE: Degugodisgoi Aksganoli agwadvnhdi degugodisgoi. Im slow to decide what I should do. REMOTE PAST: Dagwuktanvi Jalagi digalvhwisdanhdi dagwuktanvi. I headed towards the Cherokee office.
Tukda! Decide!

Degadlilosdiha : Im Drawing/Photograhing

PRESENT TENSE: Degadlilosdiha Nvhda usv ehi degadlilosdiha. Im taking a picture of the moon. HABITUAL TENSE: Degadlilosdisgoi Tladv osda yidegadlilosdisgogwu. I just dont draw very well. REMOTE PAST: Dagwahlilostanvi Digwenvsvi dagwahlilostanvi junesoystanohnvi. I took a picture of my house after it had hailed.
Tahlilosda! Draw it! Take a picture!
64 of 107

Degalitadega : Im Jumping

PRESENT TENSE: Degalitadega Doyu galvladi didla degalitadega. Im jumping real high. HABITUAL TENSE: Degalitadegoi Tla kilo yuwedola yigi degalitadegoi. I jump when no-one is around. REMOTE PAST: Dagwaltadinvsvi Jisgoli agwehisdanelv dagwaltadinvsvi. I jumped and hurt my head.
Tahltaduga! Jump!

Jisuligoga : Im Quitting

PRESENT TENSE: Jisuligoga Tla dinehldohdi yagilvkwdi jisuligoga. I dont like this game Im quitting. HABITUAL TENSE: Jisuligogoi Vghlosgvhehnogwu tla yijisuligogoi. I dont quit just because Im getting beat. REMOTE PAST: Aksuligojvi Svhi jigesvi dagilvhwisdanehv jaksuligojvi. I quit work last week.
*Note this verb ends in /-oi/ which almost always indicates Habitual Tense, which its not, because the /o/ is part of the verb.

Hisuligoi! Quit!

65 of 107

Dejinogia : Im Singing

PRESENT TENSE: Dejinogia Sdaya dejinogia. Eligwus yisgwatvgvga? Im singing loud. Can you hear me? HABITUAL TENSE: Dejinogisgoi Yidagilvhwisdanela dejinogisgoi. When I work I sing. REMOTE PAST: Dakinogisvi Tla yidakinogisei dikanogisdi yagwanhtehehno. I didnt sing because I didnt know the song.
Tihnogi! Sing!

Dejinogisdiha : Im Playing/Making Music

PRESENT TENSE: Dejinogisdiha Atliyehdi gvhdi dejinogisdiha. Im playing the fiddle. HABITUAL TENSE: Dejinogisdisgoi Digwenugisdi atliyehdihno dejinogisdisgoi. I play the guitar and fiddle. REMOTE PAST: Dakinogistanvi Usv jigesvi tla yidakinogistanei atliyehdi jagwvkewsvi iyusdi. I didnt play last night because I forgot my fiddle.
Tihnogisda! Play it (instrument)!
66 of 107

Galitli : Im Running

PRESENT TENSE: Galitli Ugodi galitli sihnv nihi gesvi. Im running faster than you are. HABITUAL TENSE: Galitlisoi Yagwadlanvdadela, galitlisoi. I run whenever I have the time. REMOTE PAST: Galitlisvi Si agasgv nudalenvhvna galitlisvi. I was running before it started raining.

Gadanawsdia : Im Running

PRESENT TENSE: Gadanawsdia Tla yigadanawsdia degastayesgahehngo. Im not taking off running because Im exhausted. HABITUAL TENSE: Gadanawsdisgoi Didaniyisgi yijigoa gadanawsdisgoi. When I see a cop, I take off running. REMOTE PAST: Agwadanawstanvi Talsgohi iyatawostanv agwadanawstanvi si naksuligojvna. I ran for twenty minutes before I quit.
Hadanawsda! Run!
67 of 107

Galewisdiha : Im Stopping

PRESENT TENSE: Galewisdiha Ahani galewisdiha. Im stopping here. HABITUAL TENSE: Galewisdisgoi Nasgi didananv galewisdisgoi yidagilvhwisdanelohna. I stop at that store when Im done with work. REMOTE PAST: Agwalehwistanvi Didananv agwalehwistanvi asehno tla adela yagihei. I stopped at the store but I didnt have any money.
Halehwisda! Stop!

Galuloga : Its Missing

PRESENT TENSE: Galuloga Gohusdi galuloga, asehno tla yagwanhta. Something is lacking, but I dont know what. HABITUAL TENSE: Galulogoi Ahyvdladisdisgi galulogoi gahljode nasgi. That house lacks a refrigerator. REMOTE PAST: Ululojvi Gasolini ulolojvi adladidla vsgina-iyusdi tla yaisei. My car lacked gasoline, thats why it wouldnt go.

68 of 107

Ahliilidoha : Its Taking Time

PRESENT TENSE: Ahliilidoha Ahliilidoha ahnigisdi. Hadvnvsdas? Its time to leave. Are you ready? HABITUAL TENSE: Ahliilidohoi Ugodi ahliilidohoi gohudi uwohwelodi. It usually takes a lot of time for him to write something. REMOTE PAST: Uhliilidolvi Tla ugodi yuhliilidolei agiluhisdi. It didnt take much time for me to get here.

Jinvdia : Im Missing It/Him

PRESENT TENSE: Jinvdia Aksdayvhvsgi jinvdia agiyosia aksdayvhvsgohno. Im missing my wife Im hungry and she cooks for me. HABITUAL TENSE: Jinvdisgoi Gadayosdi ujelii jinvdisgoi yidoganelohna. I usually miss his marble when we play. REMOTE PAST: Aginvdvi / Jinvdvi Aksgwahlesdi agwaneltana sgwahlesdi aginvdvi. I missed the ball when I tried to catch it.
Hinvda! Miss it!
69 of 107

Nania / Yanii : There Are # (Living)

PRESENT TENSE: Nania / Yanii Sgohi dinadehloqwasgi nania tla si yijanisgwada. There are ten students who are not finished yet.

HABITUAL TENSE: Nanioi / Yanioi Unitsgwisdi aniyvwi nanioi danisdayohihvi yigi janahnigisgoi. There are a lot of people at Christmas who leave.
REMOTE PAST: Nanivi / Yanivi Joi judo nanivi juwanedohvi. There were three of his sisters who were there.

Ogaligoha : We Are Together


PRESENT TENSE: Ogaligoha Sagwu adladidla ogaligoha ogenvsvi. We went in one car together.

HABITUAL TENSE: Ogaligosoi Nigada ojisidanelv ogaligosoi danisdayohihvi yinulstana. All of my family is together when its Christmas.
REMOTE PAST: Ogaligosvi Svhi jigesvi tla yogaligosei tla ulstane yagwanhte. Were werent together yesterday so I dont know what happened.

70 of 107

Unohyvhga : It is Making a Sound

PRESENT TENSE: Unohyvhga Ditlinohehdis jajelii agwajelile yigi unohyvhga? Is that your phone ringing or mine? HABITUAL TENSE: Unohyvhgoi Sdaya unohyvhgoi ditlinohehdi jajelii. Your phone has a loud ring. REMOTE PAST: Unohyvlsvi Adladidla ujelii judalehna unohyvlsvi. His car made an odd sound.

Guiloa : Im Washing It

PRESENT TENSE: Guiloa Adladidla gadahai gesv vsgina guiloa. The car was dirty so Im washing it. HABITUAL TENSE: Guilosgoi Nigav kaloi sagwu yuwakdi adladidla guilosgoi. I wash the car once each month. REMOTE PAST: Agwuhilovi Svhi jigesvi adladidla jagwuhilovi gayulahno sigwu gadahai. I washed the car yesterday and its already dirty again.
Huhiloja! Wash it!
71 of 107

Dejisvsdiha : Im Scheduling a Time

PRESENT TENSE: Dejisvsdiha Digilvhwisdanhdi iyuhliloda dejisvsdiha. Im scheduling my office hours. HABITUAL TENSE: Dejisvsdisgoi Nigohilvi dejisvsdisgoi Goga yinulstana. I always plan during the summer. REMOTE PAST: Daksvstanvi Ganigisgvi daksvstanvi si gutihvi nudalenvhvna. I planned on leaving before it started snowing.
Tisvsda! Schedule a time!

Goliga : I Understand

PRESENT TENSE: Goliga Sdikida Jalagi goliga. I understand a little bit of Cherokee. HABITUAL TENSE: Goligoi Tla hilvhiyu jigawonisgv yigoligoi. I never understand what hes saying. REMOTE PAST: Agwohljvi Ugodi juwonisv agwohljvi. I understood most of what he said.

72 of 107

Gelia : I Think So

PRESENT TENSE: Gelia Chadi goliga gelia. I think I understand what youre saying. HABITUAL TENSE: Gelisgoi Nigohilvi gelisgoi si gohusdi nagwadvnelvna. I always think before doing anything. REMOTE PAST: Agwelisvi Si Gogeyi nigesvna yaksgwadvi agwelisvi. I thought Id be finished before Spring.

Agwanhta : I Know

PRESENT TENSE: Agwanhta Tesi agwahnta, Woyana? I know you are going, but what about Pigeon? HABITUAL TENSE: Agwanhtoi Jinigalstanvsgoi agwanhtoi. I usally know whats going on. REMOTE PAST: Agwanhtvi Yusuligojvi agwanhtvi. I knew he would quit.

73 of 107

Agwadega : Im Throwing It

PRESENT TENSE: Agwadega Sgwatlesdi agwadega. Im throwing the ball. HABITUAL TENSE: Agwadegoi Sdaya agwadegoi asehno tla ilvhiyui yasgwahlesgoi. I throw it hard, but he never catches it. REMOTE PAST: Agwadinvsvi Usegajvi agwadinvsvi asehnv si ulvsadi uyojvi. I barely threw it but it still broke the glass.
Wijaduga! Throw it!

Jisgwatlea : Im Catching It

PRESENT TENSE: Jisgwatlea Sgwatlesdi jisgwatlea. Im catching the ball. HABITUAL TENSE: Jisgwatlesgoi Sgwatlesdi yidvisa didla nigohilvi jisgwahlesgoi. When the ball comes my way, I always catch it. REMOTE PAST: Aksgwatlesvi Nvda iga ehi juktoyvisdi tla sgwatlesdi yaksgwatlesei. I didnt catch the ball because the sun blinded me.
Hisgwatlagi! Catch it!
74 of 107

Degasehiha : Im Counting It

PRESENT TENSE: Degasehiha Sgohiya Jalagi gvhdi degasehiha. Im counting to ten in Cherokee. HABITUAL TENSE: Degasehihoi Nigohilvi Jalagi gvhdi degasehihoi. I count in Cherokee all the time. REMOTE PAST: Dagwasehlvi Nasgi digohweli tla yidagwasehlei yagigohehehno. I didnt count that book because I didnt see it.
Tasehga! Count!

Jisadosga : Im Pushing It

PRESENT TENSE: Jisadosga / Jiyasadosga Sdaya jisadosga asehno tla gohusdi yinigalstanvsga. Im pushing hard but nothings happening.

HABITUAL TENSE: Jisadosgoi / Jiyasadosgoi Hiana sdudi nigohilvi jisadosgoi ugvwiyuha jinasanesgvi. I always push on this door instead of pulling. REMOTE PAST: Agwasadohyvi / Jiyasadohyvi Adladildai agwasadohyvi gasolini usihwa nulstanvi. I pushed the car because it ran out of gas.
Hisadohya! Push it! Hiyasadohya! Push him!

75 of 107

Jinasanea : Im Pulling It

PRESENT TENSE: Jinasanea Yijinasanea, hisadosgesdi! If Im pulling, youre gonna be pushing! HABITUAL TENSE: Jinasanesgoi Agwegi yujaa usdi dagwalela junehldohdi jinasanesgoi. I pull the toy wagon when my kid is in it. REMOTE PAST: Aginsanesvi / Jinasanesvi Dihnawo dikahyoda daginsanesvi. I pulled the clothes out of the dryer.
Hinsanagi! Pull it! Pull her!

Aksvhiha : Im Going to Bed

PRESENT TENSE: Aksvhiha Jilvsga aksvhihahno. Im sleepy so Im going to bed. HABITUAL TENSE: Aksvhihoi Udalula sadu atliilisv usv gesoi aksvhihoi. I go to bed before eleven at night. REMOTE PAST: Wagwahnsinvsvi Sgohi atliilisv wagwahnsinvsvi. I went to bed at ten.
Witsvha! Go to bed!
76 of 107

Degasulea : Im Washing My Hands

PRESENT TENSE: Degasulea Degasulea digwoyeni digadahahehno. Im washing my hands because theyre dirty. HABITUAL TENSE: Degasulesgoi Si nagwalsdayvna degasulesgoi. I wash my hands before I eat. REMOTE PAST: Dagwasulehvi Svhi jigesvi tla osda dagwasulehvi. I didnt wash my hands well yesterday.
Tasuli! Wash your hands!

Gadanvteha : Im Thinking

PRESENT TENSE: Gadanvteha Sdaya gadanvteha gohweli degowelisgvi. Im thinking hard on writing this paper. HABITUAL TENSE: Gadanvtesgoi Yudaha gadanvtesgoi yagwadvnhdigwu iyulstohdi. Sometimes I think when I should just do. REMOTE PAST: Agwadantehlvi Uhljvdagwada agwadantehlvi, tlahno yidagadvneli. I thought about it all night and Im not going to do it.
Hadanhtvla! Think about it!
77 of 107

Gagwiyiha : Im Paying

PRESENT TENSE: Gagwiyiha Alsdayhdi gagwiyiha eligwu taline yigi yijahwahi. Im paying for the groceries you can buy next time. HABITUAL TENSE: Gagwiyisgoi Gasolini nigohilvi gagwiyisgoi. Tlas adela yijaha? I always pay for the gasoline. Dont you have any money? REMOTE PAST: Agwakwiyvhvi Tla adayvlatvsgi yagwakwiyvhei, akinelvi oginalii. I didnt pay for the TV, my friend gave it to me.
Hakwiya! Pay for it!

Jiyagwiyveha : Im Paying Him

PRESENT TENSE: Jiyagwiyveha Tla yijiyagwiyveha tla yidulvhwisdaneha yigi. Im not paying him if hes not working. HABITUAL TENSE: Jiyagwiyvehoi Uhna wuwedasdigwu jiyagwiyvehoi tla jinadvnehoi yigelia. I pay him to just be there I dont care what he does. REMOTE PAST: Jiyagwiyvelvi Talsgohi adelvi jiyagwiyvelvi ajigoliyesgvi ulosvhehno. I paid him twenty dollars because he passed his test.
Hiyagwiyvsi! Pay her!
78 of 107

Gagvsgwoa : Im Washing My Face

PRESENT TENSE: Gagvsgwoa Degasulea gagvsgoahno. Im washing my hands and washing my face. HABITUAL TENSE: Gagvsgwosgoi Yuditlega, ugodi gagvsgosgoi. When its hot, I wash my face a lot. REMOTE PAST: Agwagvsgwovi Agwagvsgwovi, asehno nudanedliyvsvna wudelohosvi udvhnvi. I washed my face but she said she didnt see any difference.
Hagvsgwoja! Wash your face!

(De)jijvstvsga : Im Turning On the Light

PRESENT TENSE: (De)jijvstvsga Sagwugwu jijvstvsga. Im turning on just one light. HABITUAL TENSE: (De)jijvstvsgoi Dejijvstvsgoi dijvsdi dekdladisgoi. I turn the lights on and she turns them off. REMOTE PAST: (D)agijvstanvi Usv jigesvi tla yidagijvstanei. I didnt turn on the lights last night.
Hijvstvga! Turn the light on!
79 of 107

(De)gvdladia : Im Turning Off the Light

PRESENT TENSE: (De)gvdladia Nigada dijvsdi degvdladia. Osdaju? Im turning off all the lights. Is that ok? HABITUAL TENSE: (De)gvdladisgoi Yagwahnigisa, dijvsdi degvdladisgoi. When I leave, I turn off the lights. REMOTE PAST: (D)agwvtlanvi Si nagwahnigisvna, dijvsdi dagwvtlanvi. Before I left, I turned off the lights.
Hvdlada! Turn the light off!

Gakilvdiha : Im Riding It

PRESENT TENSE: Gakilvdiha / Jiyakilvdiha Digalenvhida jiyakilvdiha usegajvgwu. Im riding the donkey just barely. HABITUAL TENSE: Gakilvdisgoi / Jiyakilvdisgoi Ugodi gageda sihnv aya gesvi tla yigakilvdisgoi. I dont ride anything that is heavier than I am. REMOTE PAST: Agwakilvtanvi / Jiyakilvtanvi Gohida tali digagwati agwakilvtanvi dijinvsgeni dagwehisdaneha. I rode my bike for a long time now my legs are hurting.
Hakilvda! Ride it!
80 of 107

Weather

Agasga Aganawosga Uhyvdla

Uditlega Ganolvsga Ahyvdagwaloa

Ulogila
Agaliha Unesahyvdla Gutiha

Anagaliha
Ganesdaladia Adaleniha Alsgwadia

Agasga : It is raining

PRESENT TENSE: Agasga Nogwu sdayige agasga gelia. I think its raining harder now. HABITUAL TENSE: Agasgoi Ahani tla ilvhiyu ugodi yagasgoi. It never rains a lot here.

PAST TENSE: Agasgvi Kosinale jigesv j-agasgvi, asehno alsgwada. It was raining this morning, but its stopped.
FUTURE TENSE: Agasgesdi Ugodi agasgesdi sinale andi. They say itll rain a lot tomorrow.

81 of 107

Aganawosga : It is warming up

PRESENT TENSE: Aganawosga Doyis aganawosga? Is it warming up outside? HABITUAL TENSE: Aganawosgoi Doyu aganawosgoi svhiyeyi. It really warms up in the afternoon. PAST TENSE: Aganawosgvi Vhna aganawosgvi svhi jigesv. It got warm there yesterday. FUTURE TENSE: Aganawosgesdi Kohiiga doyi aganawosgesdi. Itll be warming up out there today.

Uhyvdla : It is cold

PRESENT TENSE: Uhyvdla Doyu uhyvdla gelia. Its really cold I think. HABITUAL TENSE: Uhyvdloi Gola yinulstana, doyi uhyvdloi. When its winter, outside its cold. PAST TENSE: Uhyvdlvi Digwenvsv agwahnigisa uhyvdlvi. It was cold when I left the house. FUTURE TENSE: Uhyvdlesdi Si kohiiga nulstanvna, uhyvdlesdi. Before the day is over, itll be cold.

82 of 107

Ulogila : It is cloudy

PRESENT TENSE: Ulogila Doyis didla ulogila? Is it cloudy outside? HABITUAL TENSE: Ulogiloi Nvda iga ehi agwaduliho, nigohilv ulogiloi. When I want the sun, its always cloudy. PAST TENSE: Ulogilvi Tla kosinale yulogilei. It wasnt cloudy this morning. FUTURE TENSE: Ulogilesdi Kousv ulogilesdi aktvganvi. Tonight itll be cloudy I heard.

Agaliha : It is shining

PRESENT TENSE: Agaliha Nvdos iga ehi agaliha doyi? Is it sunny outside? HABITUAL TENSE: Agalisgoi Nigohilv Hawai didla agalisgoi gatvgia. I hear its always sunny in Hawaii.

PAST TENSE: Agalisgvi Agalisges ulogileke svhi jigesv? Was it sunny or cloudy yesterday?
FUTURE TENSE: Agalisgesdi Agalisgesdi hadi asehno agasgesdi gatvgisgv. You say itll be sunny, but I hear itll rain.

83 of 107

Unesahyvdla : It is cool

PRESENT TENSE: Unesahyvdla Doyi unesahyvdla gelia, asehno tla yelia. I think its cool outside, but she doesnt. HABITUAL TENSE: Unesahyvdloi Hiana kanvsulv nigohilv unesahyvdloi. This room is always cool. PAST TENSE: Unesahyvdlvi Unesahyvdles hwedohe? Was it cooler where you were at? FUTURE TENSE: Unesahyvdlesdi Ilvsgi iyanvda iyv igohida tla yunesahyvdlesdi. For a few months it wont be cool.

Gutiha : It is snowing

PRESENT TENSE: Gutiha Nogwu jigi sdaya gutiha. Its snowing hard right now. HABITUAL TENSE: Gutihoi Sdikida gutihoi Kagali kalo igohida. It snows a little bit in February. PAST TENSE: Gutihvi Svhidv jigesv gutihv, eligwus yijohiyusesdi? It was snowing yesterday, can you believe it? FUTURE TENSE: Gutihesdi Gutihesdi si nagwahnigisvna agwantagwu. Itll be snowing before I leave I just know it.

84 of 107

Uditlega : It is hot

PRESENT TENSE: Uditlega Doyi doyudv uditlega gvnoseha. Outside its really hot Im telling you. HABITUAL TENSE: Uditlegoi Tla ilvhiyu Dehaluyi kalo yinulstana yuditlegoi. Its never hot in June. PAST TENSE: Uditlegvi Agwadawonvsvi iyuyehldi uditlegvi. I went swimming because it was hot. FUTURE TENSE: Uditlegesdi Tla tlv yuwdagedoli uditlegesdi-hehno. I wont be going anywhere because itll be hot.

Ganolvsga : It is windy

PRESENT TENSE: Ganolvsga Nogwu jigi ganolvsga. Right now its windy. HABITUAL TENSE: Ganolvsgoi Iyudalihas ganolvsgo ahani ahliilidoho? Is it usually windy here this time? PAST TENSE: Ganolvsgvi Agihilvsvi ganolvsgvi igohida. It was windy while I drove. FUTURE TENSE: Ganolvsgesdi Ganolvsgesdi wigedohesdi igohida. Itll be windy while Im there.

85 of 107

Ahyvdagwaloa : It is thundering

PRESENT TENSE: Ahyvdagwaloa Ahyvdagwaloa gatvgisgv gelia. I think I hear it thundering. HABITUAL TENSE: Ahyvdagwalosgoi Yahyvdagwalosgo, anagalisgo sgwu janhta. If it thunders, you know its lightning too. PAST TENSE: Ahyvdagwalsgvi Ahyvdagwalosgvi ugodi sihnv ugahnanvi gesvi. It was thundering more than it rained. FUTURE TENSE: Ahyvdagwalosgesdi Kousv jolani hisduhnvi ahyvdagwalosgesdi-hehno. Close your window tonight because itll thunder.

Anagaliha : It is lightning

PRESENT TENSE: Anagaliha Ages anagaliha? Is it lightning over there? HABITUAL TENSE: Anagalisgoi Nigohilvi anagalisgoi ganayego gesoi. Its always lightning thats dangerous.

PAST TENSE: Anagalisgvi Ugodi anagalisgvi usv jigesvi. It was lightning a lot last night.
FUTURE TENSE: Anagalisgesdi Tla si yalsgwadagwu, ugodi kilagwu anagalisgesdi. Its not done yet, itll be lightning more soon.

NOUN: Anagalisgi

86 of 107

Ganesdaladia : It is freezing

PRESENT TENSE: Ganesdaladia Ganesdaladia jinawoga-hno. Its freezing and Im cold. HABITUAL TENSE: Ganesdaladisgoi Uhljvdagwada iyv geso ganesdaladisgoi. It freezes during the night. PAST TENSE: Ganesdaladisgvi Usv jigesv ganesdaladisgvi. It was freezing last night. FUTURE TENSE: Ganesdaladisgesdi Ugodi ada witigi ganesdaladisgesdi-hehno. Get more wood because itll be freezing.

Adalenia : It is beginning

PRESENT TENSE: Adalenia Jotlesdi. Didehloqwasdi adalenia. Sit down. Class is starting. HABITUAL TENSE: Adalenisgoi Iyudaliha hisgi atliiliso adalenisgoi. It usually starts at five. REMOTE PAST: Udalenvhvi Ajalagi didehloqwasdi udalenvhvi Joine-iga jigesvi. Cherokee class started last Wednesday. FUTURE TENSE: Adalenisgesdi Jvnvgi, hleki adalenisgesdi. Hurry up, its starting soon.

87 of 107

Alsgwadia : It is ending

PRESENT TENSE: Alsgwadia Chinvda, didehloqwasdi alsgwadia. You missed it, class is ending. HABITUAL TENSE: Alsgwadisgoi Hiana didehloqwasdi joi atliiliso alsgwadisgo. This class ends at three. PAST TENSE: Ulsgwadvi Didehloqwasdi alsgwadisgvi svhi jigesvi. The class ended yesterday. FUTURE TENSE: Alsgwadisgesdi. Kilagwu agasgv alsgwadisgesdi. The rain will be ending soon.

GRAMMAR

Incompletive Stem
Experienced vs Non-Experienced Past

Grammar 1. Grammar 2. Grammar 3. Grammar

88 of 107

Grammar: Incompletive Verb Stem

VERB Forms: The Incompletive Stem


This form is very useful because it allows you to have three basic verb tense forms that derive from its base. Requires only a change to the END of the verb.

The three tenses found on this stem are the: 1. Habitual Tense: For actions that occur on a regular basis, often triggered by words like always. 2. Progressive Past: One of the three basic past tense forms in Cherokee, it is a basic and common form. 3. Progressive Future: As constructed on this specific verb stem, it is always /-esdi/. This form can also be a command form.

Incompletive Stem: Example 1

Gelisg- : Verb that means think so. The tense forms are derived by adding the proper tense suffix. HABITUAL: /-oi/ Si nagiwonisvna nigohilv gelisg-oi I always think before I speak PROGRESSIVE PAST: /-vi/ Tlanv hilvhiyu agwvsa yigagesesdi gelisg-vi I thought I would never be alone PROGRESSIVE FUTURE: /-esdi/ Kousv gesesdi vsgina gelisg-esdi Ill be thinking about that tonight
89 of 107

Incompletive Stem: Example 2

jiwonisg- : Verb that means speak. The tense forms are derived by adding the proper tense suffix. HABITUAL: /-oi/ Yagwotla, Jalagi jiwonisg-oi. When Im home, I speak Cherokee PROGRESSIVE PAST: /-vi/ Jiwonisg-vi jiilisvi igohida. I was speaking while I was driving PROGRESSIVE FUTURE: /-esdi/ Sinales Jungilosdike jiwonisgesdi? Am I speaking tomorrow or Friday?

Grammar: /-vi/ & /-ei/ Remote Past Tense


/-vi/ versus /-ei/ as verb ending on Remote Past Tense.
In the listings for the verbs, you may have noticed that all of the I forms end in /-vi/ while all the You end in /-ei/. 1. Both /-vi/ & /-ei/ are past tense suffixes. This means the action of the verb happened in the past (past tense) and that they are put on the end of a verb (suffix). 2. /-vi/ is used when you saw or experienced the action yourself. This is why it was on all the I forms for the verbs. 3. /-ei/ is used when you did not see or did not experience the action OR if the action did not happen at all. The best way to understand this idea is to see it used many times, especially on the verbs were learning right now.
90 of 107

Grammar: /-vi/ & /-ei/ Remote Past Tense

/-vi/ *Seen or experienced. /Agwadawo-vi/ I bathed


*I did the action, experienced.

/Kawi jaditah-vi/ Coffee you drank


*Means I actually saw you drink it.

/-ei/

*Not seen, not experienced, or action not happened.


*Means I didnt see you drink it.

/Kawi jaditah-ei/ Coffee you drank /Tla kohisinale yagwadawoei/ I didnt bathe this morning
*Because action didnt happen, has to use /-ei/.

Using /-vi/ means you either saw or experienced it while using /-ei/ means you neither saw or experienced it, OR that the action did not happen.


Vocabulary

Agisdi Thing to eat Alsdayhdi Food Igaehi Lunch Uhyvdli Cold Ama Salt Yvgi Fork Gasgilvi Table

Digisdi Things to eat Sinaleehi Breakfast Usvehi Dinner Uditlegi Hot Dikwihyoda Pepper Telido / Ditelido Plate / Plates Ulisgwida / Julisgwida Cup / Cups

Aditasdi Thing to drink Diditasdi Things to drink

Aditohdi / Diditohdi Spoon / Spoons Hayelsdi / Dihayelsdi Knife / Knives

91 of 107


Vocabulary: Foods

Svkta Apple Nuna Potato Gvgisdi Watermelon Gadu Bread Unitelvladi Grapes Damatli Tomato Jitaga Chicken Sigwa Pig Jisdu Rabbit Gvhna Turkey

Selu Corn Ani Strawberry Tuya Beans Svgi Onion Jisdugisdi Carrot Gosdagisdi Lettuce or Salad Waka Cow Saloli Squirrel Ahwi / Ahowi Deer Hawiya Meat


Vocabulary: Foods

Daliga Rice Asdvhatli Sandwich Gelisgi Pie Adasdayhdii Kitchen Anisgwani Mexican Unvdi Gaduhnv Cheese

Asusdi Gravy Ugvma Soup Uganasda Sweet Junalsdayhdii Restaurant Anichayv Chinese Nuna disdagayvtanv Potato Chips

Uhyvsdi Strong (taste or smell)

92 of 107


Expressions

Iganigia. Im going home (Place) widvgedoli. Im going there (and coming back) (Place) dagesi. Im going (there) Ihedolvi. Come back again (one) / Ijedolvi. You All Wigvyvdanelvi. I will call you later / Wisgiyvdanelvi. Call me later Alsdayhdi! Its time to eat! Tlagusdi yigadvne(ha). Im not doing anything Tla yigelia. I dont care


Expressions

(Place) wigedohesdi. Ill be at _____ (Place) wigedohvi. I was at _____ Hlesdi jijvkewsi. Dont forget Hiyoligis? Do you know him/her? (Person) jiyoligi. I know (Person) Gado hadvne(ha)? What are you doing? Hadlv hega? Where are you going? Gado heli(a)? What do you think?

93 of 107

Digohwelvi : Vocabulary

Question Forms & Possessives Kin Terms Time Seconds/Minutes/Hours/Days/Months/Seasons Body Parts Money Common Objects Adjectives & Adverbs

Questions

Possessives

Gago : Who Gado : What / How Gadousdi : Which Hilaiyv : When Hadlv : Where Gadohv / Gadoke : Why Hilaiga : How much/many Hila yanii : How many (living)

Agwajelii : Mine

Digwajelii : Mine (pl)

Jajelii : Yours

Dijajelii : Yours (pl)

Ujelii : His/Hers

Jujelii : His/Hers (pl)

Un(a)jelii : Theirs

Jun(a)jelii : Theirs (pl)

94 of 107

Kinship

Agiji : My Mother Agidoda : My Father Digigayvlige : My Parents Agilisi : My Grandmother (Maternal) Aginisi : My Grandmother (Paternal) Agidudu : My Grandfather Agitlogi : My Aunt

Woman Speaking
Josdadalvi : My Sister Jojadalvi : My Sisters Agido : My Brother Digido : My Brothers

Digitlogi : My Aunts Digiduji : My Uncles Digweji : My Children Gusdi Digwvhni : My Cousins

Agiduji : My Uncle

Man Speaking
Josdadanvtli : My Brother Jojadanvtli : My Brothers Agido : My Sister Digido : My Sisters

Agweji : My Child

Gusdi Agwvhni : My Cousin

o Asetlv : Second
Disetlv : Seconds

Kohiyv : Later Kilawyusdi : Shortly Kilagwu : Real Soon Hlega : A While Gohida : A Long Time Igohida : Until, During Dlv : About

o Iyatawostanvi : Minute(s) o Suhliloda : Hour


Iyuhliloda : Hours

Atliilisv

o Iga : Day o Usv : Night o Jusvhida : Days / Nights o Svnadodagwasdi : Week


Iyunadodagwasdi : Weeks

Kohiiga : Today Kosinale : This Morning Kousv : Tonight Svhi Jigesvi : Yesterday Usv Jigesvi : Last Night Sinaleyvi : Tomorrow Kohi : A While Ago

o Kalv : Month
Sinvda : One Month Iyanvda : Months

o Sudetiyvda : Year
Ijudetiyvda : Years
95 of 107

Days of the Week


o o o o o

Dodagwonv Tal(i)ne iga Joine iga Nvgine iga Jun(i)gilosdi

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

Svnadodagwasdi : Week Iyunadodagwasdi : Weeks Soi Walenvhv : Next Week Soi Jidvtliilisv : Last Week Usv : Night Julsinvda : Nightly

Iga : Day
Siga : One Day Jusvhida : Days Udodagwada : All Day Judodagwada : Every Day Udodagwidisv : During the Day

o
o

Dodagwidena
Dodagwasgv

Saturday
Sunday

Unolvtana Kagali Anvyi Guwohni Anasgvti Dehaluyi

January February March April May June

SEASONS
Uligohvsdi : Fall Gola : Winter Gogeyi : Spring Goga : Summer

Months of the Year

Guyegwoni
Galohni Dulisdi Duninhdi Nvdadegwa Vskihyi

July
August October November December
96 of 107

Kalv : Month Iyanvda : Months Sudetiyvda : Year Ijudetiyvda : Years Udetiyvsidisv : Year Of

September Sinvda : One Month

Body Parts

Ayelv
Agwoyeni Digwoyeni
Joyeni / Dijoyeni

Agwalasideni Digwalasideni
Jalasideni / Dijalasideni

Jiyesadvi Dejiyesadvi
Hiyesadvi / Dehiyesadvi

Jinasadvi Dejinasadvi
Hihnasadvi / Dehihnasadvi

Jinogeni Dijinogeni
Hihnogeni / Tihnogeni

Jinejii
Hinejii

Jisohii
Hisohii

Jinvsgeni Dijinvsgeni
Hinvsgeni / Tinvsgeni

Jiyelvi
Hiyelvi
97 of 107

Ayelv
Jisgoli
Hisgoli

Jiyvsoli
Hiyvsoli

Jileni Dijileni

Jiholi
Hiholi

Hileni / Tileni

Jigatoli Dijigatoli
Hiktoli / Tiktoli

Jingoi
Hinhgoi

Agwakatvi
Jakatvi

Jindogvi Dejindogvi
Hinhdogvi / Dehinhdogvi

Adela Adehloqwasdi : Iyadantehdi


Hila iga iyadantehdi jaha?
Hila iga iyadantehdi jaha? Sagwu iyadantehdi agiha. Hila iga iyadantehdi jaha? Jogadu iyadantehdi

Sagwu iyadantehdi Hisgi iyadantehdi Sgohi iyadantehdi Ginutdi

dagiha.

Hila iga iyadantehdi jaha? Nelsgo sudali iyadantehdi

dagiha.

98 of 107

Adela Adehloqwasdi : Adelvi


Adela Money Adelvi Dollars
Sagwu uhnosda Hisgi adelvi Sgohi adelvi Talsgo adelvi Hiksgo adelvi Sgohitsgwa adelvi

Hila iga adela jaha?


Hila iga adela jaha? Sagwu uhnosda agiha.

Hila iga adela jaha? Sgigadu adelvi dagiha.


Hila iga adela jaha? Sgohitsgwa talsgo sagwu

adelvi dagiha.

Aniyvwi
Agehya Anigehya

Achuja Anichuja Agehyuja Anigehyuja

Asgaya Anisgaya

Ayohli Diniyohli

Yvwi Aniyvwi

Didehloqwasgi Din(a)dehloqwasgi

Didehyohvsgi Din(a)dehyohvsgi
99 of 107
Didani23yi4sgi Dinadani23yi4sgi O4sda Nigvne4hi O4sda Nanvne4hi

Dikdla3di1sgi Dinh3dladi1sgi

Ditiyo23hihi Dinatiyo23hihi

Didahlilo1sdi4sgi Dinadahlilo1sdi4sgi

A3yosgi Ani3yosgi

Didasu23hwi4sgi Dinadasu23hwi4sgi Dihne1sge4sgi Dinahne1sge4sgi

Aga3nakti Aniga3nakti

Didehyo23hvsgi Dinadehyo23hvsgi

Ala1sgali4sgi Anala1sgali4sgi

Digalogi4sgi Dinilogi4sgi

Gohusdi
Gohweli

Jolani

Alisidasdi

Digohwelodi Digohweli Sduisdi Disduisdi Junadehloqwasdii Didehloqwasdii Gasgilo

Dikanogisdi Gasgilvi

Digasgilvi

Digasgilo
100 of 107

Adayvlatvsgi

Digohwelvi

Digwenvsvi
<Gahljode>

Adladidlai Diktulena Ajvsdi Dijvsdi

Dikanogisdi atvdasdohdi

Aktisi Aksgani

Ditlinohehdi

Adela Adelvi

Aktohvsgv Asgwangodisgi

Didla Toward Hawina Under Galvladi Above High Nav Close to By Uhldidla Beside Next to Igvyi Didla In front of Ohni Didla Behind Ukitla On top of (Living) Gadu On top

A2hyvhdlo Dihyvhdlo

Ta3li Diga3gwati

A1yoda32hlahv4i Da1yoda32hlahv4i

Ganu23lv A3gal1sdi Akihlo3sv1sdi4i Dikihlo3sv1sdi4i

Dikwanayo23sdi

Ganvgwalo4sdi Diganvgwalo4sdi Atvdasdohdi

Dik3tohdi

Dilsdoyhdi

Talu23ja

Alisidasdi

101 of 107 Ahyvdladi1sdi4sgi Digat1di4i Disulehdi4i

Dikdiye23doh3di Adasday1doh3di

Di1se23hi3sdi4i Dihlinohehdi4i

Akto32hvsv4i Asgwango1di4sgi

Akdoh3di Adayv23latvsgi

Dikgilo1sdoh3di

Usvnu1la adasday1di4i

Dikayodi1sgi4i

Do23yajvsidoh3di

Adawo1sdi4i

Junila1wisdi4i

Digadu3hv4i

Junadehloqwa1sdi4i

Gahljo23de Didasdu1di4i

Junidlv1gi4i

Junadahili23da32sdi4i Courthouse

A1dana3nv4i 102 of 107

Junalsdayh1di4i

Units of Measure
o i3sitadi1sdi o i3la1sihdi o

inch inches

foot feet
mile gallon

i23ga4 : quantity / amount i23go3hi4da : length of time

x x x x x
x x x x

o
o o o o

iyu3hlilo4da

i23gv3nade4na : area
i3kida : size i23ga3nvhi4da : in length i23gati : height i3sitadi1sdi : inch(es)

o i23ga3nvhi4da o i23gati

in length
height

i3la1sihdi : foot / feet suhliloda : x iyu3hlilo4da : mile / gallon

Adjectives / Adverbs
Sgwu Too Also Soi Other Next Sdikida A little bit Ugodi / Unigodi A lot Many Gayohli A few Igada Some Nigada All Everything Kanigida None Zero Uwoduhi Pretty Usdi Small Utana Big Egwa Huge Ahida Easy Sdaya Hard Asamadi Smart Dajetla Better

Judalehnvda Various Different Ulsgeda Important Uyehldi Reason Ayanuli Fast (Living) Gajanuli Fast (Non-Living) Uhlisdi Quickly Usganoli Slow Sigwu Again More Doyu / Udohiyu Really Very

Ale Or Asehno But -hno And -hehno Because Gvhdi With Aje / Ije New Uweti Old Usegajv Barely Asedv Maybe

103 of 107

Adjectives / Adverbs
Iyudali Apart Often Yudaha Sometimes Ilvhiyui Ever Tla Ilvhiyui Never Iyusdi Like Similar Iyuwakdi Time Times Jugvwahldi Price Cost Nuhlisdvi Fast as Possible Kalii Full Usihwa Empty Nudalei Different Sihnv Than Udanhti Friendly Udli Away Uganasda Sweet Uganawa Warm

Sudalegi One Topic, Matter Utsgwisdi A lot Many Udanvgalvda Clean Uhlinigida Powerful Strong Unegujida Cruel Mean Usgwanikdi Interesting Uwelihisdi Worried Uwohldi Funny Uyeloisdi Suddenly

Toi Motionless Ulisdi Weak Ugvhahli Part Ugvwiyuha Instead Uhloyi Same Kind Gageda Heavy Uhwageda Thick Usagei Thin Ujosdi Confusing

Adjectives / Adverbs
Uwasa Alone Only Asegi Peculiar Odd Asesgini However Didanelvi At Home Eladi Down On Foot Ganayegi Dangerous Ganali Lazy Gasagwalvi Round Uyoi Bad Uyojvi Broken Vsgina That Hiana This Wanigei Soft Gadahai Dirty Agahliyi Eager Agayvli Old

Vsgihnv Iyusdi For That Reason Aktahnai Knowledgeable Asgayegvsda Handsome Dawisgvhi Slippery Smooth Gadohi On/In the Ground Gayula Already Gvhwanosda Whole Gvhnoda Alive Gvhnagalsdi Active
104 of 107

Agihliyi Pain Ale Almost Amayi In Water Asgwalai Short Ganvhida Long Ehlawei Quiet Eligwu Can Elisdi It seems Gadulida Wet

Adjectives / Adverbs
Gvwatvhwida All Around Nikvi Everywhere Hyatohli Narrow Juhnajosdi Sour Nugvwiyusv Main Primary Gasaka Light (weight) Uhyvsdi Strong (taste) Ganosgida Stolen Hlesdi Dont Si Still Yet Hlega A While Hleki Soon Jiyukdi Straight Ijula Both Vsgwatla Neither Nahiyui Then

Adagei Very Young New Uhyvdli Cold (adj) Uditlegi Hot (adj) Asesvda Withdrawn Atolida Borrowed Ayouhli Lame Crippled Galijohida Fat (living) Gvjahlanvhi Fried Hlawotuhai Muddy

Gosdayi Sharp Gosdayuhli Dull Utugi Hope Unegihldi Ugly Ilvsgi Few Ukahyoda Dry Adawehi Magical Agosdi Raw Dikewi Blind

Advanced Cherokee I Fall 2011


Locative Forms Set 1
Atlaha / Datlaha On Top Of for objects SOLID-NEUTRAL Atlaa / Datlaa Atlaa / Datlaa Gadu Ukitla / Unkitla On Top Of for objects FLEXIBLE On Top Of for objects LONG-RIGID On Top adverbial, any shape or size On Top Of for LIVING Uhldidla Onididla Aksgani Beside Behind Left

Hawinadidla Underneath Agvyididla Aktisi In Front Of Right

105 of 107

Locational Forms
On Top Of / On Atlaha / Datlaha Atlaa / Datlaa / Ukitla / Unkitla Gadu Solid Flexible Long Rigid Living All Shapes

Aditasdi atlaha gasgilvi.

Diditasdi datlaha gasgilvi.

*There is no liquid category for On


Top Of. Instead, the category is determined by the shape of the container the liquid is in.

Digohwelodi atlaa digohweli.

Digohweli atlaa gasgilo.

Digohweli datlaa gasgilo.

Adela hawinadidla gasgilo. Kahwi gadu gasgilvi.

Wesa ukitla ganitli. Ditlinohehdi gadu gasgilvi. Gihli gadoga ukitla gasgilvi. Walosi unkitla gasgilvi.

Locational Forms
Underneath Hawinadidla Near Nav In Front Of Agvyididla Right Aktisi Beside Uhldidla x x Behind Onididla Left Aksgani

Aditasdi atlaha gasgilvi.

Diditasdi datlaha gasgilvi.

Digohwelodi atlaa digohweli.

Digohweli atlaa gasgilo.

Digohweli datlaa gasgilo.

Adela hawinadidla gasgilo. Kahwi gadu gasgilvi.

Ditlinohehdi gadu gasgilvi. Sduisdi uhldidla unvdi. Sduisdi aktisi didla. Unvdi aksgani didla. Sgwatlesdi onididla alisidasdi. Alisidasdi agvyididla sgwatlesdi.

106 of 107

Locational Forms
/-i/ in inside /-ohi/ when placed after a word ending in vowel /a/ taluja basket taluj-ohi in the basket gada ground gad-ohi in the ground
This process can be used on any applicable noun. Note that a tone change is indicated on the next to last vowel The tone is super high or Tone 4.

Dahlilostanvi aktohvsv asgwangodisgii. The picture is on the computer Digohweli alisidasdii. The book is in the backpack

Dinehldohdi kanesohi. The toys are in the box

Gohwelodohdi digohwelii. The pen is in the book

Adehloqwasdi 2: Locationals
Hadlv unvdi? Hadlv alisidasdi?

Hadlv dihlinohehdi?

Hadlv sgwatlesdi?

Hadlv digohweli?

Hadlv asgwangodisgi?

Hadlv adela aktisis aksganike?

Hadlv sduisdi?

Hadlv ulvsadi?

Hadlv jisteji?

107 of 107

Write /aktisi/ or /aksgani/ by each object based upon its position.


Unvdi ________________ Kahwi ________________ Digohweli _____________ Sduisdi _______________ Gasgilo _______________ Gasgilvi ______________ Adela ________________ Gihli _________________

Write a statement that describes the location of the objects relative to each other.

_________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________

Alisidasdi ______________
Wesa _________________

S-ar putea să vă placă și