◆ Network Technology

Chapter 3
◆ LAN Protocol

LAN（IEEE）

Application Application
protocols protocols

Communications Communications
software software
protocols protocols

LAN protocols LAN protocols

LAN
◆ Topology of LANs
NO Topology Basic Form 　　　　 Features
1 Bus •Smaller influences of
errors in information
equipment or cables.
•Hard to locate errors.

2 Ring •Free of data collisions and

suited for high-speed
communication because of
one-way communication
being employed.
•Larger influences of errors
in information equipment or
cables.

3 Star • Smaller influences of errors

in information equipment or
cables.
Center Station • Larger influences of errors
in the center station.
◆ CSMA/CD types: IEEE802.3

10 BASE 5 Bus
10 BASE T Star
10 BASE 2 Bus
1 BASE 5 Star
10 BASE F Star
　
Mbps band x100m LAN topology
Transmis- Transmis- Max. cable length
sion speed sion method (T: Twisted-pair cable)
(F: Optical fiber cable)

Baseband Broadband
Type of signal Digital Analogue
Connection equip. Transceiver Modem
Baseband Broadband
0 1　　0 0　　1 1 0
◆ CSMA/CD protocol

Frame

Control Destination Source Control

information Address Address Transmission data information

MAC　Address
◆ Flow of data when no collision occurs

(1) Transmission (3)

A request C A C
BA Data

BA Data
B B Copy

(2) (4)
A C A C Discard
BA Data
BA Data

B B

ｎ : MAC　address
◆ Flow of data when a collision occurs
(1) Transmission Transmission (4)
A request(wait) C request(wait) A Suspension of C Suspension of
C A Data A C Data transmission transmission
C B Data

B B
(2) (5) 1 second later
A C A RetransmissionC

C A Data A C Data C A Data

B B

(3) (6) 2 seconds later

A C A C Retransmission
Collision A C Data

ｎ : MAC　address
B B
　　　　　　MAC Frame

・Ethernet MAC frame

Control Destination Data Control

information address Source address type Data information

8Byte 6Byte 6Byte 2Byte 46~1500Byte 4Byte

・ISO8802-3(IEEE802.3: CSMA/CD method)MAC frame

Control Destination Data Control

information address Source address length Data information

8Byte 6Byte 6Byte 2Byte 0~1500Byte 4Byte

◆ 10BASE5
Terminator Transceiver Co-axial cable

Multi-port transceiver Transceiver cable

Repeater

Item 10BASE5
HUB specification
Transmission speed 10Mbps Twisted-pair cable
Topology Bus TPMAU TPMAU
Transmission Coaxial cable 500 m
distance Without repeater 500 m
With repeater 2,500 m
Transceiver cable 50 m
Number of end Within segment 100 units
systems Within network 1,024 units
◆ 10BASE-T

HUB HUB
HUB

Twisted-pair
Twisted-pair
Transceiver

Item 10BASE-T specification

Transmission speed 10Mbps
Topology Star
Transmission Twisted-pair cable 100 m
distance Cascade connection 500 m
Number of end Within segment 1 unit
systems Within network 1,024 units
◆Fast/ Gigabit Ethernet

HUB

Traffic bottleneck

Switch
1000Mbps

100Mbps
10Mbps 10Mbps
Performance
improvement
◆ Types of Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet

Fast ethernet Gigabit ethernet

Standardization IEEE802.3 IEEE802.3
body
Transmission 100Mbps 1000Mbps
speed
communication 100BASE-TX 1000BASE-T
specification (category 5) (category 5 four-pair)
100BASE-T4 1000BASE-LX
(category 3) (fiber optics, long wave length)
100BASE-FX 1000BASE-SX
(fiber optics) (fiber optics, short wave length)
Topology Star Star
　　　 LAN Cables

• UTP Cables
Classification Description
Category 3 Adopted to up to 10Mbps data transmission.
(IEEE802.5 4Mbps IEEE802.3 10BASE-T)
Category 4 Adopted to up to 16Mbps data transmission.
(IEEE802.5 16Mbps)
Category 5(e) Adopted to up to 100Mbps data transmission.
(IEEE802.5 4/16Mbps IEEE802.3 10/100BASE-X)

• Optical fiber cables

Classification Description
Multi mode More likely to reduce a signal for higher reflection.
Less expensive, connection distance: 2 km.
Single mode Less likely to reduce a signal for lower reflection.
Expensive, connection distance: 60 km.
◆ Token-ring protocol: IEEE802.5

en
k
To

Frame

Control Destination Source Control

Data
information address address information

MAC　Address
◆ Flow of data in a token-ring LAN
(1) (4)
A
B Z
KA
DA
TA
Fre 　
e tok
en K
COPY

(2) K (5)
A
B Z A
Z
A
D AT
A KAD
K AT A
　

K
(3) (6)
A A
B
A TA
K AD Free
to ken

ｎ :MAC Address
◆Token ring LAN

Station cable

Ring cable
Branch equipment

Token ring HUB

Branch equipment
Twisted-pair cable

Branch Branch
equipment equipment
Configuration control
Ring cable
equipment

Station cable
　　　　 Configuration Control Equipment Functions
(1) Ringback function

Primary ring Primary ring

Ring cable Ring cable

Secondary ring Secondary ring

(2) Spur bypass function CCE

Secondary ring
Ring cable

detach Primary ring

Spur Spur
◆ What is FDDI ?

Token
FDDI FDDI
router bridge

FDDI FDDI
bridge router

　　FDDI: • A high-speed, high-capacity LAN　providing

a transmission speed as high as 100M bps.
• Connects between branch LANs.
◆ FDDI

Concentrator
Token-ring network

FDDI
equipment
CSMA/CD

Node
CSMA/CD
CSMA/CD

FDDI
◆Wireless LAN: IEEE802.11

Wired LAN

Access point

PC PC
（Card type） （Dedicated type）

Item IEEE802.11b IEEE802.11a IEEE802.11g

Transmission speed 11Mbps 54Mbps 54Mbps
Service area 30m～60m 20m～40m 30m～60m
Frequency band 2.4GHz 5.4GHz 2.4GHz
◆ Logical Link Control: EEE802.2
Connection Oriented Connection Less
(CO) (CL)

A B A B
ＣＯ ＣＬ

(1) C
onne
ction
reque
st
Data
rant tr ans m
tion g ission
) C o nnec Data
(2 ( t ra n s
3) Da missi
ta tra
nsmi
on
Data ssion
trans
missi
on
f irm ation
on
c eption c
e
(4) R (
5) Di
scon
necti
on re
ques
t
gr an t
nn e ction
isco
(6)　D