JOURNAL OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS, VOLUME 13, ISSUE 1, MARCH 2012 24

Mobile Network Planning With WIMAX Technology for Territory of Gjakova City
Shkelzen S.Nuza, Artan Mazrekaj, Blerim Rexha Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Prishtina 10000 Prishtina, Sunny Hill, n.n. REPUBLIC OF KOSOVA

Abstract- Wireless communication has now entered the second century of its use and has valuable merits of improving the quality of life of all mankind. Technologies for wireless and mobile communications replace each other every 2-3 years. WiMAX technology is abbreviation for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, a completely new protocol for communication that provides Internet access to fix and mobile users. The main purpose of WiMAX technology is to be estabilished as the "last mile" Internet access provider and thus replace the current technologies that today dominate the market. The current version of the Protocol provides Internet access up to 40 Mbps and this version is expected to increase the bandwidth. The telecommunications sector is covered by three operators (Kujtesa, Ipko and PTK) and leaves much to be desired in improving service quality and increasing technological penetration. This paper presents the possibilities of implementation of WiMAX technology in the territory of Gjakova. This paper analyzes the technical challenges and geographical constraints. Also in this paper are discussed some aspects of mobile network design, architecture of the network and at the end a comparison is also made with other existing communication technologies. Numerous simulations are done with software package and GIS spectra.

Keywords: Antenna, Sender, Interference, Receiver, Mobile, Simulation, WiMAX

1 INTRODUCTION
The beginning of the new millennium has witnessed how the world of telecommunications has changed dramatically from the past. The main factor behind this fast growth has been the ability of the wireless medium to satisfy basically two of the three parameters that constitute the basic purpose of telecommunications: any information , any time , any place. Some fundamental characteristics of wireless communication systems that make these systems attractive for users, are: mobility, simplicity, flexibility, low prices, global accessibility, etc. With options that provide for mobility, these systems provide access to customers outside the offices homes, and business leadership from every point . The possibility of accessing the Internet anywhere and anytime, has been a dream for many users of personal computers and portable users . In the future , WiMAX will enable the mobility of users of mobile phones and portable computers worldwide at very low, based on the 802.16e standard. of development of communication technologies only thing left to implement advanced technologies to access. WiMAX technology is new and therefore continuous evolution and performance characteristics vary and are continuously improved . WiMAX is a standardized version of wireless Internet dedicated as an alternative to wired technologies (cable modems, DSL, and E1/T1 lines), to provide broadband access to customer equipment (CPE) . If WiMAX operates in diffusive mode respectively in communication from a point with many points to access the Internet then most of the locations of subscribers even in rural areas will not have direct irradiation ( LOS ) to the base station (BS), due to obstacles on different configuration of the land. Therefore WiMAX 802.16 standard is expanded in 802.16d wireless communication with possibilities of radiation nondirectly (NLOS-Non Line of Sight), on frequency band (2-11) GHz . A BS uses only a fraction of the 2-11 GHz band, and the system is very flexible and a BS typical band is from 3.5 to 25 MHz. The purpose of the extension and completion of the 802.16e with the possibility of mobility is to competitioner with other wireless technologies such as UMTS, CDMA and WLAN, which enable the mobility of subscribers using devices like laptops with Internet access away from the office or home.

2 MOBILE WIMAX
Technology and access to global interoperability microwave access (WiMAX), it is defined with IEEE 802.16e standard, is modern and advanced technology that offers the best solutions possible for wireless local loop, because it has exceptional performance[1]. This technology provides a solution for our country's needs in communication, and for countries to enter later in the way

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3 AIR INTERFACE
The air interface standard IEEE 802.16e is a specification of the current situation for systems with wireless broadband access, which are used in architecture Point-to-Multipoint (PMP). The initial version was developed in order to meet the requirements of a large number of scenarios for systems with broadband wireless access operating in band between 10-66 GHz[2]. The profile of the first mobile WiMAX system based on OFDMA model as a multiple access scheme and multiplexed. Time Division Duplexing (TDD) method is used as a duplex. Current Mobile WiMAX technology is mainly based on the IEEE 802.16e standard, approved by the IEEE in December of 2005, which specifies the OFDM air interface and provides support for mobility[3].

4 FREQUENCY REUSE
Frequency planning for mobile network with WiMAX technology involves the use of two common schemes for reusing frequencies that are available for many cells during expansion base stations with 3 sectors. In the case of frequency reuse first, its nomenclature is as (1,1,3), where all sectors in a base station using the same channel, the case of frequency reuse of 3, then its nomenclature is given as (1,3,3), where a channel is used all three sectors in a base station[4]. Nomenclature for naming patterns for reuse of frequencies is (c , n , s), where c stands for the number of base stations, the number of channels n and s the number of base station sectors. In most cases, the reuse of frequencies is a preferred option during the process of network expansion, since it has the advantage of using the much lower level of the spectrum. From this comes the need for more spectrum that operator, the cost is high, so this scheme helps to improve the coverage and spends less money on the spectrum. The downside is that the frequency reuse results in potential interference to adjacent channels in the sector boundaries and edges of cells. Neighboring channel interference reduces the capacity of the channel , since certain sub- carriers are not fully utilized throughout cell. The scheme 3 of the frequency reuse needs three times more time and spectrum, but it eliminates interference between the channels in the sector boundaries. It also reduces interference between neighboring cells, increasing separation space for channels that operate in the same frequency band . Figure 1, illustrates the frequency reuse (1,3,3) .

Fig 1 . Frequency reusing on base station with three sectors [4]. Key questions to address this range are: how to choose the plan reuse frequencies that enables optimum use of available disposal spectrum and which bases frequency plan must be selected in the urban environment, suburban and rural. In our case we set spectrum of 30 MHz and 5 MHz TDD channel bandwidth, what means that if the operator adopts a frequency reuse plan 1, then each sector is allocated three channels 5MHz TDD[5]. The determining factor for assigning channels in a base station is spectrum who shared by the operator of the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA). TRA allocates 5 MHz TDD channel depending on the frequency of operation, which in our case is 3.5 GHz. With frequency reuse plan 3, each sector is allocated a single channel 5 MHz TDD. By analyzing the results obtained in connection with frequency reuse of mobile network with WiMAX technology, taking into account both the frequency reuse plans (1,1,3) and (1,3,3), it appears that the total capacity to model frequency reuse (1,1,3) is higher than the model (1,3,3).

5 DESIGN OF MOBILE NETWORK

In WiMAX network, dimensioning is necessary to keep in mind the requirements of the user traffic and applications that use it. In the territory of Gjakova is planned Network mobile WiMAX technology based on IEEE 802.16e standard, which

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uses standard OFDM WiMAX TDD technology, channel bandwidth frequency 5 MHz, with respective values of input parameters: number of base stations and the range of cells. The link budget is analyzed using the model of the spread of Hata COST 231 waves, taking values parameters of transmission system[6]. Base Stations (BS) are simulated with isotropic radiant power ( EIRP = 57 dBm) and sectors are displaced from each other to 120 . Given the above parameters indicate that the radius of cell to a base station in urban areas is about 0.6 km. The radiation diagram of the antenna used in this case is given in Figure 2 , where the antennas have amplification of 15 dB.

Fig. 2 The antenna model (b)

Based on the above results , the network dimensioning for coverage showed that for the 4.91 km2 of the urban part of Gjakova are needed 7 base stations with three sectors in each of them. Broadcasting sites have been selected as the following locations : Dardania, Cabrati1, Cabrati2 , Transit, Hospital, Center and the New Block area. Frequency planning is estimated at 3.5 GHz band, using spectrum bandwidth of 30 MHz, which is divided into 6 channels with channel bandwidth of 5 MHz. In order to reduce interference to a BS (Base Station), sectors are set to different channels. In Fig . 3, it is presented network frequency planning for each of the BS .

Fig. 3 Frequency channels for each base station sector Fig. 2 The antenna model (a)

6 COVERAGE
From the analysis made by the software on designing mobile network with WiMAX technology on planned urban environment in Gjakova, comes out that covered area arises electric field intensity around 80 dBmV / m (Fig.4).

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urban environment and on this basis will calculate the expected number of customers and their network requirements or density data. Table 2 presents the geographical scenarios for demography of the city of Gjakova:
Table 2: Geographic factors that affect mobile network

Fig. 4 The level of intensity of electric field

It turns out that the first thing with which an operator should be taken care is that before you make the extension of mobile networks with WiMAX technology, is necessary to optimize the need for spectrum to be used in this case. The choice depends on the spectrum from the region of alignment. Licenced band has the advantage of controlling the interference, it also fits best a stretch in urban environment. As the mobile network planning with WiMAX technology will do in the urban part of city center, then its planning have made the generation of 3.5 GHz, on licensed mobile network. In the following table we give the parameters for network expansion .

From these results, measurable results tell that the received signal level is much higher than the necessary threshold of the recipient. From these simulated results and based on scientific work, we conclude that mobile network with WiMAX technology, which is planned as above, meets the requirements for full coverage for all of the planned area and function as mobile network on high performances . 7 THE DIMENSIONS OF THE MOBILE NETWORK WITH WIMAX TECHNOLOGY Dimensioning a WiMAX network needs to keep in mind the user traffic demand and the applications it uses so that the density of Base Stations and backbone network dimensioning can fulfill the demand. When talking about network dimensioning of mobile WiMAX technology, first of all it is needed to give some clarification about the environment in which to extend this mobile network. In this connection, the following table is also given to the characteristics of environments possible extension of this network, as follows:
Table 1: Demographic Characteristics

Table 3: Parameters required for network expansion

It is important for the operator to be performed after determining the parameters of the demographic, geographic and planning appropriate frequency band, it should be make an assessment of requirements for data density. This type of evaluation is important to make the fact that it can be acquired through how the base stations can be configured to support the planned density of data. This evaluation process begins with the categorization in terms of who are the expected users of this service. In this aspect we have this categorization: professional users: in this group enters the type of business users who are more demanding in terms of broadband data usage. These users are supposed to use the services in environments such as stationary and in motion. Type of services that are perceived to be mainly used to download the files, multimedia, video conferencing and email. most of the users: in this group of users who come mainly use their services for personal needs. They use these services

Depending on what the residents living environment of the municipality, and that our case we are dealing with the

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on a regular basis. On this group of users enters: Web browser, games, music, various downloads and so on. occasional users: on this group of users enters what they need access to broadband services use which are connected only a few hours during the day. Each of these categories of users have different requirements for density or speed data network and we know that in most urban areas we find the first two categories of users. The following table are presented WiMAX services[7].
Table 4 : Class of Services [7]

Table 5 : Data requirements to PBH [8]

The values in Table 5 are based on how the situation will be in the network in the most busy day hour (PBH). For example, the minimum speed of 600 kbps data on PBH for a professional user is based on the assumption that in an extreme case the user is able to discharge a maximum of a 30 -page document that is attached to e- mail for 4 seconds which is also the time for unloading tolerable working conditions during the PBH. Table 4 presents the characteristics of data services that operators can offer. Data services in this paper refer to data mobile services that are based on IP architecture. When determining the density requirements of data, consider the impact of commutation of clients. In our case is expressed on switching of traffic, because of the presence of substantial businesses. In this way switched traffic puts additional requirements on the network during daylight hours and was taken to the daily traffic flow in urban area population increases during the day for more than 15 % . In order to evaluate the density of data required for the end user, the level of activity in the busy hour of the day (PBH) should be assigned by the operator. Part of the time which shows how long the system is in active state and the percentage distribution of customers among categories of users are also some other parameters that are used in combination with PBH level of activity to determine the minimum speed network final user. In Table 5 are given values in PBH activity level, type of customers , the activity of the system and the minimum rate for user downlink during PBH. Typical size of a 30 -page document that is composed of graphic images and the figure is between 250 350 kilobytes so at a speed of 600 kbps download time of her discharge will be approximately 4 seconds. Minimum speeds of downloading data show the time at which the network is busy or less busy and the highest value of speed can be achieved if there are variations in how and when activity is the most active. For whom the market this technology to its services which are provided in Table 5 are residents aged 15 to 64 years old , who comprise 80 % of the total number of residents in the town of Gjakova[9]. In Table 6 is also given the expected number of customers and their requirements for discharge density data up to year ten years of operation. The calculation is composed in this way, taking that first nine (9) percent of city residents will use the services of this technology. This is based on the reasoning that consumers evolve over time and in the initial stage, the number of customers is small.

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Table 6 : The density of data downloading through the years

Planning of mobile network with WiMAX technology in the urban part of the city of Gjakova represents a step closer to designing and planning such a mobile network and other facilities in the rest of municipalities of Kosovo, which would help in improving the quality of broadband services with high speed and cost effective.

REFERENCES

8 PLANNED NETWORK PERFORMANCE

To say that a network is planned in an optimal way if the level of received signal intensity is higher than the receiver sensitivity and signal to interference plus noise ratio CINR received in the receiver is higher than the ratio of signal to interference plus noise based on standards[10]. Criteria for calculation of the performance of network planning in urban area of city center, taking into account the criterion of coverage of the area where the planned mobile network with technology WiMAX, namely the level of intensity of the signal received. This mesh mobile WiMAX technology is planned using Spectra software and topographic map of Kosovo (with concentration in Gjakova municipality), planning for this resolution was taken 20 m , with amplification of the antenna 15 dB, the transmitter power of 43 dBm and 1 dB loss in the cable.

[1]

9 CONCLUSION
Through this paper we present a planning mobile networks with WiMAX technology, with emphasis on the urban part of the city of Gjakova. Mobile Network includes approximately 4.91 km2 surface. By planning this comes to mobile networks for a full coverage of the urban part of city are needed 7 (seven) base stations. This network is being planned in complete cohesion with the guidelines of the Kosovo Telecommunications Regulatory Authority in our country for the city's urban planning is done in the 3.5 GHz frequency band with a width of 5 MHz channel and using 6 frequency channels. From simulations performed by Spectra Software, the coverage in most of the intensity of the signal is about 80 dBV / m, which exceeds the recipient's acceptance.

Deepak Pareek,The Business of WiMAX, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester,West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England. [2] Ron Olexa, Implementing 802.11, 802.16, and 802.20 Wireless Networks, Elsevier Inc, 2005 [3] Wonil Roh and Vladimir Yanover, Introduction to WiMAX Technology, [4] Fujitsu Microelectronics America, White Paper, Deployment Considerations for Mobile WiMAX, 2008 [5] Andrews, J., Ghosh, A., and Muhamed, R.,: Fundamentals of WiMAX, Understanding Broadband Wireless Networking, USA 2007. [6] WiMAX Forum, Mobile WiMAX Part I: A technical overview and performance evaluation, white paper, June 2006. [7] WiMAX Forum Whitepaper: Can WiMAX address your applications?, October 2005 [8] WiMAX Forum Whitepaper: A comparative analysis of Mobile WiMAX deployment alternatives in the access network, May 2007 [9] Gjakova Municipality, http://kk.rks-gov.net/gjakove/ [10] Teemu Pesu, European Communications Engineering Ltd Espoo, Finland; Panu Lhdekorpi and Jukka Lempiinen, Tampere University of Technology Tampere, Finland, Deployment of mobile WiMAX in Urban Environment, WPMC 2008.
Shkelzen S. NUZA is born on Gjakova, Kosova,on 29/12/1983.He received B.sc. on 01/2006 and M.Sc. on 03/2012 from Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Prishtina. Artan Mazrekaj is born on Dean, Kosova, on 20/08/1985. He received B.sc. on 12/2006 and M.Sc. on 05/2011 from Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Prishtina. Blerim Rexha is born on Prishtin, Kosova, on 01/05/1970. He received B.sc on 1994, from Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Prishtina. And Dr.Tech. on April 2004 from Technical University of Vienna. Prof. Rexha is author and coauthor of many scientific conference and journal papers.

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