3800 North Carnation Street Franklin Park, IL 60131

Phone:(847)671-5650 Fax: (847) 671-7686 cs@semlerindustries,.com www.semlerindustries.com

VALUABLE PUMP FORMULAS

Pressure
Feet of Water X 0.4333 (PSI X 2.31)/Sp. Gr. (Ft. Head x Sp. Gr.)/2.31 PSI x 6.9 ATM x 14.7 ATM x 33.9 ATM x 760 kg/cm2 x 1.42 Meters of Water x 1.42 Bar x 14.5 Inches of Hg x 0.491 = PSI = Feet of Water =PSI =kPa =PSI =Feet of Water =mm Hg =PSI =PSI =PSI =PSI Pipe Size: Suction Piping:

Pipe Velocity
Velocity in Feet per Second: Rule of Thumb: GPM x 0.321 Pipe Area in Square Inches Typically, keep pipe velocities around 10 ft/second for good results. Generally, have piping in one plane from source tank and have a straight run at least 10 times the pipes diameter leading into the pump suction. Doubling the diameter of a pipe increases its capacity 4 times.

Centrifugal Pumps
Liquid HP: Brake HP: Efficiency Overall HP: SSU 35 500 1000 FLOW 100% 95% 92% GPM x ft. of Head x Sp. Gr. 3960 GPM x TDH x Sp. Gr. 3960 x Pump Efficiency BHP Motor Efficiency HEAD 100% 98% 97% EFFICIENCY 80% 80% 70%

Estimated effects of viscosity on Centrifugal Pumps

Rotary Positive Displacement Pumps

Liquid HP: Volumetric Efficiency: Overall Pump Efficiency: Mechanical GPM x PSI 1714 Actual GPM Theoretical GPM LHP BHP Overall Pump Efficiency: Volumetric Efficiency

Approximate RPM @ Full Load - for medium sized motors

Poles 2 4 6 8 RPM (60 Hz) 3500 1750 1150 850 Sync Speed 3600 1800 1200 900 RPM= RPM (50 Hz) 2850 1450 950 700 Sync Speed 3000 1500 1000 750

Synchronous Speed (no load) Formula

Frequency(Hz) x 120 Number of Poles

Insulation Class NEMA 1.15 Service Factor

A B F H 1500 C 1300C 1550 C 1800 C 2210 F 2660 F 3110 F 3560 F

Rules of Thumb for Motors

A motor develops 1.5 ft-lbs per HP @ 3600 RPM A motor develops 3.0 ft-lbs per HP @ 1800 RPM A motor develops 4.5 ft-lbs per HP@ 1200 RPM HP= Torque (ft-lbs) x RPM 5252 A 3-phase motor draws 1.00 Amp per HP @ 557 Volts A 3-phase motor draws 1.25 Amp per HP @ 460 Volts A 3-phase motor draws 2.50 Amp per HP @ 230 Volts Torque (in lbs) HP x 63,000 RPM

Maximum motor temperature including temperature rise plus 400 C ambient temperature

Particle Size Comparison

Mesh 3250 1600 750 325 250 200 180 150 120 100 80 50 40 30 24 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 Inch .0002 .0005 .0010 .0016 .0024 .0029 .0033 .0041 .0046 .0055 .0070 .0117 .0150 .0200 .0280 .0340 .0390 .0450 .0510 .0600 .0750 .0970 .1320 .1590 .2030 Micron 6 14 25 40 62 74 85 100 118 149 179 300 385 513 718 872 1000 1154 1308 1538 1923 2488 3385 4077 5205

Atmospheric Pressure
Altitude in Feet 0 100 300 500 700 1,000 1,500 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 7,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 Pressure in PSIA 14.70 14.64 14.54 14.43 14.33 14.17 13.92 13.66 13.17 12.69 12.23 11.34 10.11 8.29 6.76 5.45 4.36 2.72 1.68 1.04

Viscosity
Conversions:
SSU* Degrees Engler* Sec. Redwood 1* 1 Stoke 1 Poise Centistokes = Centistokes x 4.55 = Centistokes x 0.132 = Centistokes x 4.05 = 100 Centistokes = 100 Centipoises = Centipoise/Sp. Gr.

Affinity Laws for Centrifugal Pumps

These formulas can be used to estimate capacity, head and BHP for a pump speed or impeller diameter when a curve is not readily available.
1. Flow is directly proportional to the ratio of impeller speed: GPM1 x RPM2 GPM2 = RPM 2. Head is directly Proportional to the square of the ratio of impeller speed: 2 RPM2 Head2 = Head1 x RPM1 3. The HP is directly proportional to the ratio of impeller speed: RPM 2 BHP2 = BHP1 x RPM1 4. Flow is directly proportional to the ratio of impeller diameter: Impeller Diameter2 Flow2 = Flow1 x Impeller Diameter1

*Where Centistokes are greater than 50

1 Micron = 10-6 Meters 1 Micron = 3.9 x 10-5 inch

Definitions: Newtonian fluids are unaffected by shear, e.g. water mineral oil. Non-Netownian fluids are affected by shear (5 types). Bingham-Plastic fluids have an exact shear point which once exceeded, viscosity decreases. Pseudo-Plastic fluids have no exact yield point, but instead, viscosity decreases as the magnitude of shear rate increases. Dilatant fluids viscosity increases as the magnitude of the shear rate increases, e.g. printing ink, candy compounds. Thixotropic fluids decrease in viscosity both in relation to the shear magnitude and the period of time subjected to shear. Viscosity might also depend on a previous shear condition, e.g. drilling mud, starches, paint. Rheopectic fluids increase viscosity both in relation to the shear magnitude and the period of time subjected to shear, e.g. some greases.

5. Head is directly proportional to the square of the ratio of Impeller diameter: Impeller Diameter2 2 Head2 = Head1 x Impeller Diameter1 6. The HP is directly proportional to the cube of the ratio of impeller diameter: Impeller Diameter2 BHP2 = BHP1 x Impeller Diameter1