A. Transmission Calculations The data path sheet arrangement is a vital instrument for future reference.

It is a preliminary tool that gives a proper and formal way of determining and listing all the required parameters that affect the overall transmission loss equations. These equations are important in order to visualize the losses, which in other way have a dominant effect in the system. The calculations and parameters are for the individual paths and do not reflect the overall system.

Item 1: Site Location The site location can be described by geographical coordinates, political subdivision, access road and physical terrain or object which can be identified with. Site A: San Juan, Abra Site B: San Isidro, Abra

Item 2: Latitude The latitude of a place on earth is its angular distance from the equator measured along the meridian through the place.

Site A: 17 23' 46 N Site B: 17 36' 0 N

Item 3: Longitude The longitude of a place on earth is the angle at either pole between n the meridian passing through the point and the prime meridian. Site A: 120 35' 56 E Site B: 120 46' 60 E

Item 4: Site Elevation The site elevation is the mean sea level elevation of the site at the actual lower location.

Site A: 207 m Site B: 218 m

Item 5: Tower Height Since the obtained height of the parabola in the data path profiling is insufficient because the graph shows that LOS would not be possible, the proponents decided to increase the obtained parabola height to 94 meters. Tower Height = parabola height + antenna diameter Tower Height = 94m + (0.5) (4.6) Tower Height= 96.3 meters Tower Height for each site: Site A: 96.3 meters Site B: 96.3 meters

Item 6: Tower Type Site A: Three self supporting structures (RS75) Site B: Three self supporting structures (RS75)

Reason for selecting the type of tower: The RS75 series self-supporting tower is an equilateral triangle, site-assembled, knock-down structure. Its flexible design gives it the ability to have a top section nominal face width of 63' (1.91m). This series is capable for applications up to 320 (98m). For more details regarding the chosen tower, (see Appendix C). Reason for selecting the type of tower: Site A and Site B will be located in an average terrain. The type of tower to be used is the three-sided self-supporting tower as specified by the Andrew Company. This type is lighter and more economical to erect and requires a less expensive foundation. Moreover, the three-step self-supporting tower requires less maintenance cost compared to other tower types. (See Appendix C)

Item 7: Azimuth The azimuth of a point is measured by the arc of the horizon beginning at the north, extending eastward and terminating at the vertical circle of the body. Site A: 207 Site B: 28

Item 8: Path Length Path length is the distance from one site to another in a straight line D = 33.35 km

Item 9: Path Attenuation Path attenuation or free space loss is defined as the loss that would be obtained between two isotropic antennas in free space, where there are no ground influences of obstructions. That is, where blocking, refraction, diffraction and absorption do not exist. It is given by formula: FSL = 92.4 + 20 log fGHz + 20 log dkm Where in: FSL = free space Loss F = frequency used in GHz D = distance between two stations in Km The frequency can be obtained as follows: Where in: fo = center frequency of the band of frequencies occupied Fn = center frequency of one radio frequency channel in the upper half of the band in GHz Fn = center frequency of one radio frequency channel in the lower half of the band in GHz The frequencies of the individual channel are expressed by relationship Upper half of the band: fn = fo 10 + 40(n) Lower half of the band: fn = fo 10 + 40(n)

The preferred center frequency is 6770 MHz as specified in Recommendations 384-4 (Appendix A). The chosen is equal to channel 8 and using the upper half of the band: Fn = 6770 10 +40(8) Fn = 7.08GHz Now, FSL = 92.4 + 20 log 7.08 + 20 log 33.45 FSL = 139.8625819 dB

Item 10: Length of Rigid Waveguide Rigid waveguide Length = Tower height + 20 ft = Tower Height + 6.096 m For Site A: 100.096 m Site B: 100.096 m

Item 11: Length of Flexible Waveguide Approximating the typical length of 10 feet (or 3.048 m) for a flexible waveguide in both sites. For : Site A: 3.048 m Site B: 3.048 m Item 12: Waveguide Loss Refer to Appendix D for Waveguide Attenuation Rigid Waveguide Loss = Waveguide Length x Attenuation for site A: Rigid Waveguide Loss = (100.096m)(0.058dB/m) RWGloss= 5.805568 dB for site B: Rigid Waveguide Loss = (100.096m)(0.058dB/m) RWGloss= 5.805568 dB

Flexible Waveguide Loss = Waveguide Length x Attenuation for site A: Flexible Waveguide Loss = 3.048 m x 0.3 dB/m

= 0.9144 dB for site B: Flexible Waveguide Loss = 3.048 m x 0.3 dB/m = 0.9144 dB

Waveguide Loss = Rigid Waveguide loss + Flexible Waveguide loss For site A: 5.805568 dB + 0.9144 dB = 6.719968dB For site B: 5.805568 dB + 0.9144 dB = 6.719968dB

Item 13: Connector Loss Connector is accumulated item for small losses associated with pressure windows, bends and flanges. The value of 0.5dB per station is typical and safe for most waveguide runs. (Assumed value) Site A: 0.5 dB Site B: 0.5 dB

Item 14: Circular or Hybrid Loss There is no circulator or hybrid used externally to the equipment, so circulator loss equal to 0 dB. (Assumed Value)

Item 15: Radome Loss Radome is a plastic protective enclosure for the antenna. Radome loss is specified at 0.5dB for each parabolic antenna. Unheated type is used considering the atmospheric conditions on both sites. (Assumed Value) Site A: 0.5dB Site B: 0.5dB

Item 16: Total Fixed Loss Fixed loss = Waveguide loss + Connector Loss + Radome Loss + Hybrid Loss Total Fixed Loss = 6.719968dB + 0.5dB + 0.5dB + 0= 7.719968dB

Item 17: Total Loss Total Loss = Free Space Loss + Total Fixed Loss = 139.8625819 dB + 7.719968 dB Total Loss=147.5825499 dB

Item 18: Parabolic Height Site A: 94 m Site B: 94 m

Item 19: Parabola Diameter The obtained diameter is 3.911222464 m but since the next available height is 4.6m (refer to Appendix D), the latter was used in the course of the design.

Item 20: Antenna System Gain G = 17.8dB + 20 log d + 20 log fGHz Where: G = antenna gain F = frequency in GHz D = diameter in m The antenna system gain provides the gain of each antenna to be used for the two sites

G = 17.8 dB + 20 log 4.6 + 20 log 7.08 G = 48.05582179 The gain of the antenna used (2.4m antenna diameter) is 42.7 dB.

Item 21: Total Gain The total gain of the antenna system using the actual diameter of the parabola is equal to the sum of antenna gain in each site Total Gain = 69.60133031 + 40log (4.6) = 96.11164358 dB

Item 22: Net Path Loss Net path loss = Total Loss - total Gain = 147.5825499 dB - 96.11164358 dB Net Path Loss = 51.47090632 dB

Item 23: Transmitter Power Output From the transmitter-receiver specification of the NEC Corporation (See Appendix B; Tranceiver) Transmitter Power Output = 30 dBm

Item 24: Medium Received Power Medium Received Power = Transmitter Power Output Net Path Loss = 30 dBm 51.47090632 dB Medium Received Power = -21.47090632 dBm

Item 25: Practical Threshold From the specification of the NEC Corporation (See Appendix B; Transceiver) Practical Threshold = -78 dBm

Item 26: Fade Margin Fade Margin = Medium Received Power + Practical Threshold = -21.47090632 dBm- (-78dBm) Fade Margin = 56.52909368 dB Item 27: Reliability = (1 Undp) x 100%

where: Undp = non-diversity annual outage probability for a given path a = 1.0; for an average terrain, with some roughness b = 0.25; for normal interior temperate area f = frequency in GHz = 7.08 D = total path length in km = 36

FM = fade margin in dB = 49.97185008dBm ( Undp =1.165438328x 10-7 Reliability = (1 1.165438328x 10-7) (100%) Reliability = 99.99998835% B. Microwave Path Data Calculation Sheet )

Table 4.2 Microwave Path Data Calculation Sheet

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Site Latitude Longitude Site Elevation Tower Height Tower Type Azimuth True North Path Length Path Attenuation Rigid Wave Guide( WR 10 137) M 100.096 100.096 degree Km dB Unit degree degree M M

San Juan, Abra

17 23' 46 N 120 35' 56 E 207 98

San Isidro,Abra
17 36' 0 N 120 46' 60 E 218 98

RS75
207 33.35 139.8625819

RS75
208 33.35 139.8625819

Flexible Waveguide
11 12

(WR 137)
Wave Guide Loss A. Rigid B. Flexible

M dB dB dB dB

3.048 6.719968 5.805568 0.9144

0.5

3.048 6.719968 5.805568 0.9144

0.5

13

Connection Loss Circulator or Hybrid

14 15 16 17

Loss Radome Loss Type* Total Fixed Losses Total Losses

dB dB dB dB

0 0.5

0 0.5

7.719968 147.5825499

7.719968 147.5825499

18 19 20 22 23 25

Parabola Height Parabola diameter Antenna System Gain Net Path Loss Total Gain Total Power Output Medium Receive

M M dB dB dB dBm

84 4.6 48.05582179

84 4.6 48.05582179

51.47090632 96.11164358
30

51.47090632 96.11164358
30

26 27 28 29

Power Practical Threshold Fade Margin Reliability

dBm dBm dB %

-21.47090632
-78

-21.47090632
-78

56.52909368 99.99998835

56.52909368 99.99998835