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groutedmicro piles hollow pressure Self Drilling,

with DIN4128,EAUE28 and draft CEN/TC 28844/G8 complying with ultimateloadsfrom 220 kN to 3460kN (50to 778 Kips)

grouted Drilledand pressure TITAN Micro Piles

Drilledand pressuregroutedrrrnn Micro Piles

complying DIN4128, with EAUE 28 and draftCEN/TC 2884/VG Micropiles 8 pilesareideally Trralr Injection suitable MicroPiles, as piles, minipiles, known anchor as otherwise or rootpiles(paliradice). rrrAr MicroPiles threaded, hollow reinforcing tendon consist a continuously of with a groutbody steelmember together as the loadcarrying (Portland) witha minimum N/mm'strength 25 of furnace cement whichallows transfer tension compression of and forces mainly fromthe friction the threaded tendonviathe groutbodyintothe soil. of

an increasedproduction rate of at least double. An added benefitof the simultaneous drillingand grouting process of the tttAl Injection Piles uses grout (w/c = 0,7 to 0,5) as the flushingand stabilizing fluid. Pressureof 20 bars (290 psi) increasesgrout penetration improvingthe surrounding soil. Due to the unusually strong mechanical connection at the grout/groundinterfaceand low settlementcharacteristics,tlralt InjectionPilesare very suitablefor dynamic load cases, occuring in foundationsfor wind energy towers, noise barriers,cantilevered motorway signs, quay walls, transmission towers and seismic tttarl InjectionPiles are installedusing a standard, retrofitwork. rotary percussive rig in a one visitdrilling drill operation. procedure groutflushto stabilise The continuous,coarsethread complieswith the thread The installation usesa the annulus, consequently eliminating useof casings. characteristics oer DIN 488 / BS 8081 19898.2.1.1 the / as This type of installation free from vibrationand has a ASTM-A615 and otherinternational is reinforcing steelstanlow noise level.tllAil InjectionPiles requiresmaller dards.tttalt InjectionPilescan be cut and coupledto holes and work with small rigs which means less drill fit any job requirement. pile head usessimpleplates The spoil and lower mobilisation costs. and nuts and there is a choice of bits to suit any soil reThe, four in one, threadedhollow tendon is a lost drill quirement. The threadis self-fastening which eliminates rod, reinforcing memberand injection tube at the same stop nuts.Thetubular to sectionis far superior a solidrod time, therefore the followinginstallation steps become of the samecrosssectionand steelqualitywith respectto redundant: friction. bending, shearand surface - removalof drill rod - removalof casing Injection Piles can be calculated to DIN TttArr - insertion an anchorrod 4128, which is backed up by an expert opinionissued of - removalof drillsooil by LGA Bavaria(report no. Gl 9613712 dd. 17.7.97). tltalt Injection Pilesalreadycomplywith the draft of The useof tltnl Injection Piles-in comparison the the future Europeanstandard for MicropilesCEN/TC to traditional methodsof installation clearlv demonstrates 288/WG 8. The groutbody takescareof the radialfrictionin the soil, the stiffnessagainst buckling and the corrosionprotection. By using spacers (centralizers) each coupler, at a minimumgrout cover of 20 mm is achieved. The soil mechanics the tltalt Micro Piles,in comparison to of standardreinforcedconcretepiles (DlN 4014), show very littlesettlement due to its very good soil friction(typical settlement than5 mm underdesignload). less Dueto the excellentmechanicalbond betweenthe grout body and the soil,themovement required activate frictionis to the in the rangeof just a few millimeters.
f m m = 0 . 0 3 9 3 7 i n 1 m = 3 . 2 8 1f t lkN=O.2248Kip lMPAor'lN/mm'?=0.145KSl IBAR=14.5PS| l k N / m ' ? = 0 . 0 2 0 8 9 k i p / s q f t1 M N / m ? = 1 4 5 K S l

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Drilledand pressuregrouted TttArr Micro Piles

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Min. grout cover > 2 0 m m t o D I N4 1 2 8

'AN injectionPile, thread reinforcing t o D I N4 8 8 t o l i m i t crack widths

Diameterof couPler
Os

, loose rocK infiltratron with piecesof rock Towards the center groul body cement increases in strenghtand stiffness bit 75 mm Z TITAN InjectionPile body diameter > 1 0 0m m t o D I N4 1 2 8 spacerfor > 20 mm grout cover

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sectron for flushing

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ushingapedure

Calculated grout bodY Z

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GROUTBODY DIAMETERS: for medium + coarse cobbles D > 2,0 x d for sand and gravellYsand 1,5 x d for cohesive soil (clay, marl) 1,4 x d for weathered sandstone, phylitte, slate 1,0 x d
approx. A 2O0mm

t mm = 0.03937 in

1 m = 3.281 ft

Kip 1 kN = 0.22118

KSI 1 MPA or I N/mm'?= 0'1215

I BAR = 14'5 PSI

kip/sqft 1 kN/m. = O.O2O89

1 MN/m. = 145 KSI

Drilledand pressuregrouted
TITAN Micro Piles

Dimensioning the internaland externalcarryingcapacity of

For designing we must compare the external capacity of the grout body and the internal capacity of the tendon, which is usually greater.

Internalcarryingcapacity
The material the production tttAl for of Injection Pilesis The technical data are based on load tests of the approved microalloyconstructional StE460orStE355 MPA NRW and the FMPA in Baden-Wuefttemberg. steel - depending piletype - acc. to approvalno. 2-30-89.1 The cross section of the tItAN Injection Piles is on of the Institute Construction for Technique, Berlin. determined by its weight. The yield and ultimate In the thread productionprocessthe materialstrengthof stresses are calculated from the tested yield and the microalloysteelis increased cold formingwithout ultimateloads. Basicallya safetyfactor of 1,75 to the by yield is being applied acc. to German Standardsfor causingbrittleness. The advantage this processis publishedin the tech- safety/design loads, in the case mentioned in this of nicaldata sheet. brochure. The internal carrying capacity is influenced by friction behaviour, crack width limitation and corrosion protection. As with reinforcing bars,there has been a similardevelopmentfor piles,from smooth to threadedtubes. The reinforcement type threadof the ttTAN Injection Piles conforms to DIN 488, ASTM-A-615 and other internationalstandardsand can be calculatedby the geometryof its ribs. .
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heiohtof ribs nD spacrng

17

= 0,13for ttTAil example t^ = * ' to

30/11

The related rib area for the tltAlt Injection Piles with 0,13 is very close to the maximum values for reinforcement bars. Gonsequentlythere is an optimum bond achieved like in reinforced concrete. valuefor rope type threadis belowthesevalues) flhe comparable As with reinforcedconcretethese ribs induce an equal This provesthat the systemcomplies with DIN 41289.2 crack distribution in the grout. Measuringthese crack and that single corrosion protection of minimum 20 widths at the geotechnical depaftmentof the university of mm cover, as with reinforced concrete, is sufficient. Munich on excavatedpile grout bodies reinforcedwith The internalcarryingcapacityderivedfrom the yield load .rf.rAlt InjectionPiles 30/1'1haveshown that up to 1,25 can be fully utilised for permanenttension piles. The of the design load the characteristiccrack widths are internal carryingcapacityfor examplecan be determined below the permissable value of 0,1 mm as required by the yield load of 525 kN dividedby the safetyfactor of for reinforcement DIN 1045 16.8.5,Eurocode EC 2, 1,75 producing safe,or designload,of 300 kN for the to a ASTM-A-615,as well as BS 8081 1989 8.1.2.2. IIIAN 40/16 {' Lcc. DIN standards). to

Externalcarryingcapacity
'1054-100 For the dimensioning the load bearing length L of calculated in of from the valuescontained DIN V the pile and the grout body diameter D the external t a b l eF 1 : carrying capacity is critical. lt is determined by the frictionqsk type of soil ultimate ultimate friction'qsk', surfaceof the grout body,and soil MPa I kN/m2 the safety factor S to DIN 4128 table 2. End bearing capacity of lllAil Injection Piles can be ignored. Unless prior tests have proven higher ultimate friction values in similar soils, the ultimate frictionvaluesqsk for frictionand compression can be
4 tmm=0,03937in 1m=3.281ft 1kN=0.2248Kip

') D > 0,4 fesp. > ecr< 10 MN/m' "t l" = 1,0 resp. cux> 100 kN/m'
IBAR=14.5PS|

gravel') medium coarse to sandandgravelly sand') cohesive soil')

0,20 0,15 0.10

200 150 100

lMPAorlN/mm'?=0,145KS|

1 k N / m ' ? = 0 . 0 2 0 8 9 k i p / s q f1 M N / m ' = 1 4 5 K S l t

Drilledand pressuregrouted TrTAN Micro Piles

According the DIN 41289.3, calculations buckling to for have only to be done if the undrainedshear strength of the soil C, is below 10 kN/m'z. Acc. to E 9 of EAUthe soil valueC, for cohesive soilsto be calledcritical,is in the box:
Princiole testsDeformed: 1. Prof.Steinfeld, laboratory Hamburg 28thOct, 1985 soil dd. 2.Dr. HeinzW. Haag,Laboratory soil mechanics, for Kornwestheim dd. 18th ov,1986 N 3. Prof.Dr. Ing. Floss, Technical Munich(lnstitute University Prof.Osterproject 9941/13 23.10.1989 meier) no. dd. 4. Prof.Dr. Ing. Floss,Technical University Munich(lnstitute Prof.Oster-

clay, soft, easilykneadable Cu loam,soft Cu chalk Cu clay C, vu t Cu

= = = = = =

10to 25 kN/m'? 10 to 25 kN/m' 10 to 50 kN/m'? 10 to z u K t \ / i l t t u L u 20 kN/m'? 5 to 10 kN/m'z

projectno.9941b/12 30.10.1 meier) dd. 990 5. Prof.Dr. Ing.W. Bltimel, Technical University Hannover Institute soil for construction, 20.6.1 dd. 991 6. LGABavaria 14.1 dd. 1.1996 7. FMPABaden-Wuerttemberg 21.7.1996 rubbleclaystiffto semistiff in dd. 8. CALTRANS testsLosAngeles June30, 98/El CenitoOctober15,96

Galculation example
Anti flotation,securinga concretefoundationwith rttAl InjectionPiles,requireddesign load F* = 270 kN. Mediumdensesand,safetyfactorS = 2 to DIN 4128 table 2 for vefticalpiles material TtrAN Injection Piles internal carryingcapacity = Foerm 300 kN > F* - 270 kN and a cross cut bit of 90 mm Z diametre D of grout body Load transfer length L of pile from the externalcarryingcapacity of the grout body nxDxLxqsk Fw= S FwxS tL-

D=1,5xd (reaming) 1,5 = enlarging factor D = 1 , 5 x 0 , 0 9 m for sand see page 3 bottom D=0,14m

nxDxqsk 270kNx2
B,Zm
F = pull out force

rux0.14mx150kN/m2 >

Load-deformation chart + of 7 m long grouted piles

in the same silty sand, solid steel bar 40 mm Q with cased hole, not pressure grouted versa TTTAI| 73/53 with grout flushingWC ratio 0,7 and groutedat final grout WlC 0,4 pressure max 60 bars.
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composit6pll casd sie6l rod 40mmo 133 ftm casing

?ttai 73153 micropil6 no Ging, with @mntious grod for llushing ildrcure grourng

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lost pile had

Pileresistance (externalcarryingcapacity)
pilesto DIN4014 drilled Hrffil@ pilesto DIN4128 concrete KTiIn @ grouted pilesto DIN4128 composite A grouted (e.g. tltAN Injection Piles) KY N\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\(9,)specialpiles:ballisticpiles specialpiles:sectionalpre-castpiles Wllililililnn@ (external Pile resistance carrying capacity) (kN) R
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

Dimensioningof pile head 1. by friction

embeddedin the foundation withoutplateand nut to DIN 1045table 19 e.g. 1,8 N/mm' for B 25 cement for rttnt 40116the bonded lengthis calculated

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300kN
n x 40 mm x 1.8 N/mm'?

= 1,33 m

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2. with plateand nut

partial acc.to DIN104517.3.3. withpermissable areastresses 8,33 jointtension N/mm2 825 cement, for withoutadditional reinforcementwithplate 200x 200mm.

8+o
6-^

o = #o * r*
lm=3.281 ft 1kN=0.22zl8Kip lMPAorlN/mm,=0.lrl5KSl

= 7,5N/mm'. po"r'= 8,33 N/mm2

1kN/m.=0.02089kip/sqfi IMN/m,=1(5KSl

1mm=0.03937in

IBAR=l4.5PSl

grouted Drilledand pressure TrTAN Micro Piles

Griteriasfor the selectionof anchor piles:

Prestressed (active) permanent anchors to DIN 4125 or not tensioned (passive)permanent anchor piles to DIN 4128 Prestressing techniques with permanent anchorshaveadvancedin oast decadesand now are stateofthe art. Prestressed anchorsare usuallyspecifiedin the tenderdocuments, whereas anchor piles would often make more technical solution. senseandwouldbe a moreeconomical Permanent anchors from very high tensile steels with 2 to 3 times higherelongation than St 1570/1770 reinforcing steel take tension forces only. Becauseof the high elongationthey have to be prestressedin order to limit deformation under design load.The large requires freeunbonded lengthin ,,isolation" elongation a against the active soil wedge. This means that the elongating anchorcannotcause unwanteddeformation in the surrounding, activezone,soil. Unlike prestressed anchors,tttal anchor piles act like an underground reinforced concretestructure. The reinforcement passive,untensioned is completely surroundedby cement grout for corrosionprotection. The regularinspection costs,as required DIN 4125 in parL do not apply to anchorpiles. 2, groundanchorstransmitthe Prestressing permanent of applied loads into the soil causing deformationand loads, displacement lf thereare unforseen additional . or ansuch as shear,imposedon high tensilepermanent chors, their small reserveof elasticityis insufficient. Damage passiveanchorpilesis practically to unknown.

AdvantageS of simultaneously drilled

TIIAN andgrouted piles: anchor O adaptable anyloadsituation to O shortinstallation time equipment installation for O small O for tension compression comand or binedloads

lnstallation 1B m of longanchorpiles rrraN 103/78 without interrupting work in a steel mill. Increasing designload from 900 kN + 360 kN = 1260 kN can be the done inexpensively placing a 40 mm reinforcingbar inside the by hollow.fITAr 103/78ar the final groutingphase.
O 1 m m = 0 . 0 3 9 3 7 i n 1 m = 3 . 2 8 1f t 1kN=0.22Kip lMPAor'lN/mm'=0.145KS| lBAR=l4.5PSl

Averageproduction: 8 piles per day with 3 people.

l k N / m ' ? = 0 . 0 2 0 8 9 k i p / s q f t1 M N / m " = 1 4 5 K S l

grouted Drilledand pressure

TIrAil Micro Piles

Underpinning and Renovations

Can be installed factories production, difficultaccesswork in withoutinterrupting for and can be installed with no needto dewaterthe site. Underpinning historical of buildings, builton woodenpiles, which startedrottingas the watertable was lowered. Underpinning verysmall with piles displacement llrA]{ arranged groups(clusters). as

Seismicretrofitwith post-tensioned A foundation beam.

nolow-core press hydrauiic Friction_ spanner

2 x U-channel 260 (1o',) 2 x U-channel 260 (10',1

1 m m = 0 . 0 3 9 3 7 i n 1 m = 3 . 2 8 ' 1t f

lkN=O.22tAKip

lMPAorlN/mm,=0.145KSt

.IBAR=14.5pst

t k N / m , = O . O 2 O B 9 k i p / s q f tl M N / m . = i 4 5 K S l

Drilledand pressuregrouted TlTAll Micro Piles

Roadwidening"Tessinwall" with TltAIl

injectionanchor piles

the wall wherethe road can only be halfclosed. The job is to widena mountain road,or replace old supporting rr?alr InjectionAnchor Pilesare installedfrom the roadside,without need for extra trenchingwork or the removalof soil. The piles are incorporatedin the new supportingwall as part of the reinforcement.

mountain roadwidening withoutfullyclosingthe road

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Supportagainstflotation (uplift)forces
The concrete base slab for sewage treatment plants, underpasses,deep excavations etc. below the water table is secured against heaving (uplift) by tlfAN injection anchor piles. lt is now possible to install the TITAN injection anchor piles prior to excavation. The new bayonet coupling allows the top of the permanentanchor pile to be disconnectedfrom the drillstringat invertlevelso that the head platedetailwill be in the middleof the final base slab. Excavation can proceedwithout the hindranceof extendedanchor piles. lf dewateringis not used and he excavation is allowed to fill to the water table level, then divers can attatch the nuts and plates at the correct level before underwater concreting takes place. This exercise produces a completely waterproof pile head.
'| mm=0.03937in I m=3.281 ft I kN =O.224aKiF I MPAorI N/mm'=0.145KSI 1BAR=14.5PSI 1 k N / m ' : = 0 . 0 2 0 8 9 k i p / s q f t I M N / m ' . =1 4 5 K S I

Drilledand pressuregrouted tlTArr Micro Piles

Foundation electrictransmissiontowers for

Trrar injection anchorpileshavebeenproven the foundation for of transmission towers to DIN VDE 0210. Comparedto gravity blockfoundations driventubularsteelpilesthey are up to 4O%o or less expensive. advantage the uniform,lightweight,instalAn is lationtechnique all locations. for Thereis no needto transoort excavatedspoil.Pedormance testingis extremely simple.Theyare alsosuitable strengthening for existing foundations oldertransof missiontowers,as rtratr injection anchorpilescan be installed throughthe existing plates/blocks. foundation
1mm=0.03937in I m=3.281ft | kN=0.22zl8Kip l MPAorl N/mm.=0.lzl5KSl 1 BAR = 14.5 PSI 1 kN/m, = O.02089kip/sqft 1 MN/m. = 1zt5KSf 9

Drilledand pressuregrouted TITAI| Micro Piles

Foundation mobilephonetransmission of towers and wind generatortowers

The cast in place or prefab box foundationor a starhaped foundationis held by urnn injection anchor piles.Again the unifiedinstallation technioue without need for detailed geological examination, simpletestingmethod, small the the drill rigswhich go anywhere and can even be flown by helicopter are major advantagesof the rrrnrr system.

Port renovation
Back anchoring sheetpilewalls, of inclined anchorpilesto take careof horizontal loads.

10

Imm=0.03937in

1m=3.281 ft

IkN=O,224Kip

IMPAor1N/mm'=0.1zl5KSI

1BAR=14.5PSI

1kN/m'?=0.02089kip/sqft IMN/m'!=lzlliKSI

Drilledand pressuregrouted TITAN Micro Piles

Foundation noise barrierwalls and railwayelectricitymasts of

Unknownobstaclesin backfills roadsand railways absolutely problemfor tttnl| for are no Micro Piles.

Avalanche Protection
I mm = 0.03937 in I m = 3.281 fi 1 kN = O.2248Kio I MPA or'l N/mm'z=0.145KSI 1 BAR = 14.5PSI I kN/m'z=0.02089kip/sqft 1 MN/m'= 145 KSI

Drilledand pressuregrouted TITAN Micro Piles

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Moreinformation, technical like data sheet,soil nailsand rock bolts,can be found in our otherbrochures.
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185 8150RIVER ROAD, DELTA, B.C.,CANADAV4G TEL:(604)946-5571 FAX:(604)946-5548 toll free:1-888-81 TITAN | e-mai: con-tech@contechsystems.com http://www.contechsystems. com
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