Transformer

Specications
Medium Voltage Transformers
for 2 * XP250 PV Inverter
Transf ormer Speci f i cati ons 2* XP 250
Page 2 Transformer_Specifications _2*_XP 250_EN
Scope of Application
This document describes the requirements of medium-voltage transformers that are connected to
2 * XP250 PV inverters for one Megawatt Station.
KACO new energy only accepts the warranty for medium-voltage transformers that have been installed
following the guideline provided in this application note.
1 Technical Properties
The transformer used in Figure 1, is a multi-winding transformer. Its low-voltage side is connected to each
XP250 of which rated output voltage is 290V and its high voltage side is for connection to the medium-
voltage grid in Europe is mostly 20kV. However, other high voltages are also possible: 10 kV, 15 kV, 22 kV, 25 kV,
27 kV, 30 kV or 35 kV.
This transformer must comply with the following technical specifcations: 1
2
2
Figure 1: 250-HV-TL with Multi-winding Transformer
Transf ormer Speci f i cati ons 2* XP250
Transformer_Specifications _2*_XP 250_EN Page 3
Figure 2: Conductor voltage regarding ground and line-to-line voltage
The transformer must be suitable for PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) Inverter. The transformer should be
designed such that its magnetic fux is not saturated even if 1% of DC current fow on its low voltage
winding. Also the transformer should be designed and tested in accordance with IEC60076.
2. The transformer must be designed for the voltages that arise during pulsed operation of the inverter. The
voltages can reach a magnitude of maximum 1300 V reference to the ground. The rms-value of the volt-
ages reference to the ground is maximum 700V. (See Figure 2)
3. The transformer must be designed for voltages on its low-voltage windings that can exhibit a voltage
gradient dV/dt of up to 500V/s reference to the ground. The line-to-line voltages are sinusoidal.
4. A shield winding that is grounded to the tank is necessary between the low-voltage windings and the
high voltage windings. This shield plate must be designed to protect against the heat due to eddy current
by the fux of both the low voltage winding and the high voltage winding. This serves as an additional dV/
dt flter.
5. The transformer is provided with separate galvanically isolated low-voltage windings for XP250-HV-TL.
6. Equivalent series impedance between low voltage and high voltage winding:
The equivalent series impedance Z(%) of the transformer must, in relation to every inverter, be 6 % in each
case(See Figure 4). Impedance voltage tolerance limits of between 5.4 % and 6.6 % must be maintained.
This value can be determined when the highvoltage windings is shortcircuited and the voltage on the
other low-voltage winding is increased until the nominal current fows. At the same time another low
voltage windings are idle (see Figure 3).
Figure 3: Equivalent circuit with short circuited high voltage winding
Transf ormer Speci f i cati ons 2* XP 250
Page 4 Transformer_Specifications _2*_XP 250_EN
7. Equivalent series impedance between both low voltage winding:
The equivalent series impedance Z(%) between both low-voltage windings must be 10 %(See Figure 4).
The tolerance limits of this impedance voltage of between 9 % and 11 % must be maintained. This value
can be determined when one of the low-voltage windings is shortcircuited and the voltage on the other
low-voltage winding is increased until the nominal current fows. At the same time the high-voltage wind-
ings and the other low voltage windings are idle (see Figure 4).
Figure 4: Equivalent circuit with short circuited low voltage winding
8. Equivalent series impedance Z(%) of the multiwinding transformer:
To summary of the contents in Article 6 and Article 7, the equivalent series impedance Z(%) of the multi
winding transformer can be shown as followed.
Z
L

is the equivalent series impedance of low voltage winding, and Z
H
is the equivalent series impedance
of high voltage winding.
Figure 5: Equivalent series impedance Z(%) of multiwinding transformer
9. In ambient temperatures of up to 25 C the transformer must have a current load capability of 110 % for 10
minutes. Between 25C and 50C, a linear de-rating to nominal power occurs assuming that the tempera-
ture of the heat-sink in IGBT stack is 76C. Further information can be found in the following documenta-
tion:
XP Inverter data sheet
Power derating of XP series.
10. During thermal rating, the load curve and the ambient conditions at the respective installation site should
be taken into account.
11. No neutral point is required on the low voltage side. If a neutral point is nevertheless present on the
low-voltage side, this neutral point must not be either connected or grounded.
12. Three-winding transformers (double-storey transformer) with varying windings each on the
high-volage side and the low-voltage side can be used. For example YNd11d11, YNd5d5, YNd1d1 or Dy11y11y,
Dy5y5, Dy1y1 with an ungrounded neutral point on the low-voltage side (see Figure 6).
Z
H
(1%)
Z
La
(5%)
Z
Lb
(5%)
Transf ormer Speci f i cati ons 2* XP250
Transformer_Specifications _2*_XP 250_EN Page 5
Figure 6: Diagram of multiwinding transformer
13. KACO new energy recommends the use of a transformer with a tap changer on the high-voltage side that
enables an alignment to the voltage level of the medium-voltage grid. Our recommendation is 5 tap with
2.5% resolution.
14. The country-specifc grid frequency is to be taken into consideration.
15. The country specifc standards valid are to be taken into consideration.
B-1701~1716, 2ND Woolim Lions Valley, 146-8, Sangdaewon-dong, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
TEL +82-31-8018-2700 FAX +82-31-8018-2738 www.kaco-newenergy.kr
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