Exercises Compound Sentence Combine the following pairs of sentences making each pair a compound sentence. U se appropriate conjunction.

1. The current fight of deadly avian flu has caused many people to stop con suming chicken. As a result, many chicken farmers and vendors suffer a great deal as they cannot sell their chicken. 2. Terrorism, recently being the most frequently discussed issue in TV talk shows, has a great effect on development of tourism. Many countries, including Indonesia, simply cannot do much to prevent it from ha ppening. 3. University students performing voluntary work in Aceh and North Sumatra during the post-tsunami period had many problems. This was because they had not been trained to cope with the problems before leav ing for Aceh and North Sumatra. 4. Many low-income families can no longer provide nutritious foods for thei r children due to increasing perods of foods. In addition, they cannot afford the increasing fares of public transportation as a result of the fuel prices hike. 5. Students know the existing rules on copy right. Still, they make copies of the books as they cannot affors to but the original b ooks. Adverbial Clause Combine the following pairs of sentences makin one of the sentences an adverbial clause 1. The government has imposed a 40percent tariff on imports of raw material s. This is why Indonesian cable manufacturers are facing difficult times. 2. The company needed more capital to finance the new toll-road project. Fo r this purpose, the company has issued bonds amounting to Rp. 1 billion. 3. Private investors in real estate are competing to build new resort areas . This is because tourism in the Asia-Pasific region has been growing rapidly. 4. The company has just installed facsimile machines for its offices. Up to this time, it used courier services to send documents to its branches all over the country. 5. A womens magazine added twenty colored pages for last weeks edition. This is because it attracted a very big number of advertisers. Conditionals Explain what the foowing conditional sentences mean 1. If there had been no efforts to promote the education of married couples , fertility would not have effectively declined. 2. If there were no common discrimination in the treatment of companies to women and men employees, a lot of potential women employees would have manageria l positions. 3. If there is a comprehensive discrimination and a solid statistical syste m, the future estimation of demographic parameters in Indonesia will not only re ly on census and survey data. 4. Had there not been enough doctors in that isolated area, the rate of mor tality would have been extremely high. 5. If a mother could have chosen how many children she wanted to have, prop er to the familys economic condition, the family would have had trouble in raisin g their children. 6. If the government can curb the rate of inflation, investment and busines s operation will remain stable. 7. Had the competition among small domestic airlines not been so severe, th ey would not be offering airline tickets at such affordable prices now. 8. If SARS were not such a contagious and fatal disease, it wouldnt create b ig panic around the globe. Make conditional sentences from the following situations 9. There is scarcity in our world; therefore, nations make great efforts to

limit the increase in the number of their population. 10. Because the Indonesian government introduced family planning in 1956, In donesia did not experience a population explosion. 11. Family planning programs are spread throughout the country. This is beca use community volunteers help actively launch these programs in all of the inner parts of the country. 12. In case people do not have to pay for sterilization services, the rate o f sterilization users is high. 13. The Indonesian government has been successful in improving health and ec onomy through various development programs. That is why, there has been a declin e in the fertility and mortality rate. 14. There is no clear evidence that the $8 million villa in Geneva for the U N representative from Indonesia was bought from the tsunami aid funds, so the Pr esident does not order a thorough investigation. 15. Singapores tourist industry has lost its market share since the late 1990s . Therefore, it has agreed to build new tourist resorts complete with casino. Adjective Clause Combine the following pairs of sentences makin the secong sentence of each pair an adjective clause. Provide the correct punctuations. 1. This countrys oil reserves will not be exhausted until the end of this ce ntury. Some of them yield 70 percent of the annual state income. 2. A number of forwarders have contracts with several government agencies. Their good services have reached European countries. 3. I spent my holidays in Syndey with an old native couple. One of their sons was my fellow-student back in the 1980s. 4. In practise, decision-making is influenced by environmental factors. One of these factors is the cultural background of parties involved. 5. Not wanting customers to complain about its car-park, the company decide d to buy a piece of land adjacent to the head office. The company would build a parking lot on that site. 6. Indonesia is accused of violating the agreement of free competition and trade liberalization by the US businessmen. Indonesia used to enjoy a great profit from them. 7. American companies operating in Japan are often unsuccessful. In this country service to customers is the main strategy in marketing. 8. Workers wage is an important component in Indonesias competitive advantage In some industries it is even lower than that of Malaysia. 9. TV commercials are considered the most efective form of advertising. Companies usually allocate a larger budget to them. 10. The Swiss watch industry is very optimistic about entring the potentiall y huge market in China. Its high quality products are particularly popular in the whole Asian region. 11. The development of Irans nuclear technology has caused a deep concern amo ng Westren countries. Iran is determined to continue this development for the interest of human beings . 12. The supreme court seems to avoid solving many corruption cases. Some of these cases have caused the state to take a severe loss of billion of US dollars. 13. Managers of multinational companies assigned to operate subsidiaries in foreign countries cannot perform their tasks effectively. Many of their curriculum vitae do not show any foreign experiene. 14. The gold mining industry creates some serious enviromental problems. Some environmentalists accused it of depleting the countrys national resources. 15. The meeting of the companys shareholders will be held next week. The Financial Director will address some important issue related business expans ion in this meeting. Noun Clause Combine the following pairs of sentences makin the second sentence of each pair

a noun clause. 1. This is necessary. The WHO should allocate more money for the research o n SARS. 2. The Shell company has announced this. We intend to raise the price of petrol to just over 65 rupiah a litre 3. My brothers company is having serious financial problem. I wish my brother (not expand) ____________ so rapidly. 4. The student asked me this question. May I write my paper because I cant use a computer? 5. The senior researcher recommended this. You should write all the research findings before you can classify them. 6. The current global financial crisis begining in the USA has hit developi ng countries severly. People wish it (not cause a continuous increase in the prices of daily necessit ies) 7. This is important. Parents should introduce their children to a variety of foods served without add itives and preservatives at an early age. 8. One of the health promotions reminds this to the public. Dont forget to use some soap to wash your hands before you eat anything 9. People have been questioning this issue. Are organic vegetables more nutritious than ordinary ones? 10. The doctor ordered this to my mother. You must avoid eating green vegetables to prevent the increase of the uric acid c ounts in your blood. 11. The Vice President required this. Government officers should not fly using business class. 12. Many people at the airport who were caught carrying laptops with pirated software had to pay a very high fine. They wish (buy) ___________ the original software for their laptops. 13. Many people are not aware of this. Cheap imported products from China are usually of low quality. 14. The office security guard reported this to the police. I found this suspicious looking box when I was checking the parking lot 15. The Major of North Jakarta promised this. I will safe your area from the establishment of plastic factory Answers Compound Sentence Combine the following pairs of sentences making each pair a compound sentence. U se appropriate conjunction. 1. The current fight of deadly avian flu has caused many people to stop con suming chicken; therefore, many chicken farmers and vendors suffer a great deal as they cannot sell their chicken. 2. Terrorism, recently being the most frequently discussed issue in TV talk shows, has a great effect on development of tourism; however, many countries, i ncluding Indonesia, simply cannot do much to prevent it from happening. 3. University students performing voluntary work in Aceh and North Sumatra during the post-tsunami period had not been trained to cope with the problems be fore leaving for Aceh and North Sumatra; consequently, they had many problems. 4. Many low-income families can no longer provide nutritious foods for thei r children due to increasing perods of foods; moreover, they cannot afford the i ncreasing fares of public transportation as a result of the fuel prices hike. 5. Students know the existing rules on copy right; nevertheless,they make c opies of the books as they cannot affors to but the original books. Adverbial Clause Combine the following pairs of sentences makin one of the sentences an adverbial clause 1. Indonesian cable manufacturers are facing difficult times as the governm ent has imposed a 40% tariff on imports of raw materials. 2. In order that the company might finance the new toll-read project, it ha

s issued bonds amounting to Rp. 1 billion. 3. Private investors in real estate are competing to build new resort areas because tourism in the Asia-Pasific region has been growing rapidly. 4. Before the company installed facsimile machines for its offices, it had used courier services to send documents to its branches all over the country. 5. A womens magazine added twenty colored pages for last weeks editionsince i t attracted a very big number of advertisers. Conditionals Explain what the foowing conditional sentences mean 1. There were efforts to promote the education of married couples so fertil ity was effectively declined. 2. There was common discrimination in the treatment of companies to women a nd men employees so a lot of potential women employees didnt have managerial posi tions. 3. There may be a comprehensive discrimination and a solid statistical syst em so the future estimation of demographic parameters in Indonesia will not only rely on census and survey data. 4. There were enough doctors in that isolated area so the rate of mortality was not extremely high. 5. A mother couldnt choose how many children she wanted to have, so, proper to the familys economic condition, the family didnt have trouble in raising their children. 6. Investment and business operation will remain stable in case the governm ent curb the rate of inlation. 7. The competition among small domestic airlines was so severe so they offe r airline tickets at such affordable prices now. 8. SARS create big panic around the globe because it is such a contagious a nd fatal disease. Make conditional sentences from the following situations 9. If there were no scarcity in our world, nations wouldnt make great effort s to limit the increase in the number of their population. 10. If the Indonesian government hadnt introduced family planning in 1956, In donesia would have experienced a population explosion. 11. Family planning programs wouldnt be spread throughout the country if comm unity volunteers didnt help actively launch these programs in all of the inner pa rts of the country. 12. If people dont have to pay for sterilization services, the rate of steril ization users will be high. If people have to pay for sterilization services, the rate of sterilization user s will not be high. 13. If the Indonesian government werent successful in improving health and ec onomy through various development programs, there wouldnt be a decline in the fer tility and mortality rate. 14. If there were clearevidence that the $8 million villa in Geneva for the UN representative from Indonesia was bought from the tsunami aid funds, the Pres ident would be order a thorough investigation. 15. If Singapores tourist industry hadnt lost its market share since the late 1990s, it wouldnt have agreed to build new tourist resorts complete with casino. Adjective Clause Combine the following pairs of sentences makin the secong sentence of each pair an adjective clause. Provide the correct punctuations. 1. This countrys oil reserves, some of which yield 70 percent of the annual state income, will not be exhausted until the end of this century. 2. A number of forwarders whose good services have reached European countri es have contracts with several government agencies. 3. I spent my holidays in Syndey with an old native couple one of whose son s was my fellow-student back in the 1980s. 4. In practise, decision-making is influenced by environmental factors, one of which is the cultural background of parties involved. 5. Not wanting customers to complain about its car-park, the company which

would build a parking lot on that site decided to buy a piece of land adjacent t o the head office. 6. Indonesia, which used to enjoy a great profit from them, is accused of v iolating the agreement of free competition and trade liberalization by the US bu sinessmen. 7. American companies operating in Japan, in which service to customers is the main strategy in marketing, are often unsuccessful. 8. Workers wage, which in some indusries is even lowen than that of Malaysia , is an important component in Indonesias competitive advantage. 9. TV commercials, to which companies usually allocate a larger budget, are considered the most efective form of advertising. 10. The swiss watch industry, high quality products of which are particularl y popular in the whole Asian region, is very optimistic about entring the potent ially huge market in China. 11. The development of Irans nuclear technology, which Iran is determined to continue for the interest of human beings, has caused a deep concern among Westr en countries. 12. The supreme court seems to avoid solving many corruption cases, some of which have caused the state to take a severe loss of billion of US dollars. 13. Managers of multinational companies assigned to operate subsidiaries in foreign countries, many of whose curriculum vitae do not show any foreign experi ence, cannot perform their tasks effectively. 14. The gold mining industry which some environmetalists accused of depletin g the countrys national resources creates some serious enviromental problems. 15. The meeting of the companys shareholders in which the Financial Director will address some important issue related business expansion will be held next w eek. Noun Clause Combine the following pairs of sentences makin the second sentence of each pair a noun clause. 1. This is necessary that The WHO allocate more money for the research on S ARS. 2. The Shell company has announced that they intended to raise the price of petrol to just over 65 rupiah a litre. 3. Had not expanded 4. The student asked me if he might write his paper because he couldnt use a computer 5. The senior researcher recommended that I write all the research findings before I classify them. 6. People wish it would not cause a continuois increase in the prices of da ily necessities. 7. It is important that parents introduce their chlidren to a variety of fo ods served without additives and preservatives at an early age. 8. One of the health promotions reminds the public that they not forget to use some soap to wash your hands before you eat anything. 9. People have been questioning whether organic vegetables are more nutriti ous than ordinary ones. 10. The doctor ordered to my mother that she avoid eating green vegetables t o prevent the increase of the uric acid counts in your blood. 11. The Vice President required that government officers not fly using busin ess class. 12. They had bought 13. Many people are not aware that cheap imported products from China are us ually of low quality. 14. The office security guard reported to the police that he had found that suspicious looking box when he was checking the parking lot 15. The Major of North Jakarta promised us that he would safe our area from the establishment of plastic factory.