Mantel Ability in Telugu.

www.sakshieducation.
com
]l &1
Page no #1
]l O r$t ^s QO {l$MS gq]l Ey. ]ll$V> s

^l*.
f Q$
MSP^lyMS E*W^l Q]l$ f Q$ As$. N *_$.
N = {1, 2, 3, ........}
N>~M>$
f Q r$ $ MS*y MS E]l Q]l$ N>~M>$ As$.
W *_$.
W = {0, 1, 2, 3, .........}
N~Q$
f Q r$ $, $ Q]l$ MSW E]l Q]l$ N~Q$ As$.
Z *_$.
Z = {........-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3,......}
{]l Q$
HOl JMS QMS$ 1, Al Q l Cl M>M>$ MS$s s {]l Q$
As$.
l1 {]lQ M>l$
l2 lls {]l Q
lQ A]l HOMSMS {]l Q "2'.
l100 Z# 25 { ]l Q$, 100MS$, 200MS$ ]l$l 20 { ]l Q$ E-.
l{VS* 2 S >$]l { A MS ]llZ# E]l {]l Q]l$ VS$^l VSV>.
100 Z# VS { ]l Q$:
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89,
97.
Q$
2 V> W^l Q ]l$ Q$ As $.()
HOl JMS QZ JMSr l] Z 0, 2, 4, 6, 8Z HJMSs Es A Q A]l#l$.
E: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12,
www.sakshieducation.com
Page no #2
Q$
2 V> W^l Q]l$ Q$ As$. ()
HOl JMS QZ JMSr l] Z 1, 3, 5, 7, 9Z HJMSs Es A Q
A]l#l$.
E: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, .........
]lY Q$
HOl JMS Q]l$ Al Q VS$ ]l^la ]lY Q As$. $$ MS 35
]lMS$ ]l>Y$ l$aMyl. C ]l r$ ]l Gi, M>MSlZ MS*y
E*VSyl.
35 ]lMS$ ]l>Y$
22 & 4
32 & 9
12 & 1
52 & 25
62 & 36
42 & 16
82 & 64
92 & 81
72 & 49
102 & 100
112 & 121
122 & 144
142 & 196
152 & 225
132 & 169
172 & 289
182 & 324
162 & 256
202 & 400
212 & 441
192 & 361
232 & 529
242 & 576
222 & 484
252 & 625
262 & 676
272 & 729
292 & 841
302 & 900
282 & 784
322 & 1024
332 & 1089
312 & 961
342 & 1156 352 & 1225
$]l Q$
1 ]l$_ 11 ]lMS$ $]lQ$ l$aMS$s A , Gi, M>MSlZ
E*VSyl.
13 & 1 23 & 8 33 & 27
63 & 216
43 & 64 53 & 125
83 & 512 93 & 729
103 & 1000 113 & 1331
73 & 343
O]l ^lMS$]l {l$M>> r$ _]l _]l MS*ylMS$, ll$, VS$M>>$,
Page no #3
VS>$ lVSV> ^l$VSWl ]l ]l$ $V> ^l$VS$VS$$.
]l Z Q$ V> $VS$l$]lrl Al$Z MS]l l;
Q$ lVSV> $VS$l$]lrl Al$Z VS$M> l; Q$ V>
lVS$Yl$]lrl ]l]lMS]l l; lVSV> lVS$Yl$]lrl Al$Z V> l
El VS$^.
]l Al AO l M> ssl SZ ]l_a]l ]l$ BV> MS lV>
]lYMS^l]l^l$a.
1. {MS]l$V> VSyl, ]l V> Eylr
{MS]l$V> $VS$l$. Al$Z H yl$ Q ]l$l ]l A- ]l*]lV>

Er$. B ]l VS$_ _]l QMS$ MSl ]l$]lMS$ M>]l ]l*]l
]l$.
E$
1. 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, ........

D {MS]l$V> W. ]l V> E. H yl$ Q ]l$l ]l
^l* A "4'MS$ ]l*]l A. M>st _]l Q "23'MS$ "4' MS.
23 + 4 = 27
27 ]l*]l A]l#l$.
2. 6, 13. 20, 27, 34, 41, 48, ........
V> "7' ^]l $VS$l$. M>st _]l Q "48'MS "7' MS.
48 + 7 = 55
55 ]l*]l A]l#l$.
3. 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34, .......
V> 3 ^]l $VS$l$. M>st _]l Q 34MS 3 MS.
34 + 3 = 37
37 ]l*]l A]l#l$.
4. 49, 55, 61, 67, 73, ........
V> 6 ^]l $VS$l$. M>st _]l Q 73MS$ 6 MS.
Page no #4
73 + 6 = 79
79 ]l*]l A]l#l$.
2. {MS]l$V> VSyl, ]l {MS]l$V> VSyl
{MS]l$V> $VS$l$. r$ ]l MS*y {MS]l$V> $VS$l$. D
]l H Z, H lV> $VS$l$ l$$M B l>l Q]l$ _]l QMS$
MS.
E$
5. 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 17, 23, ........

D Z Q ]l$l ]l {MS]l$V> 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ^]l W. l>l 7
V>. M>st _]l Q "23'MS$ "7' MS.
23 + 7 = 30
]l*]l 30
6. 5, 7, 11, 17, 25, 35, 47, ........
D Z Q ]l$l ]l {MS]l$V> 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 ^]l W. l>l 14
V>. M>st _]l Q "47'MS$ "14' MS.
47 + 14 = 61
]l*]l 61
7. 9, 13, 21, 33, 49,........
D Z Q ]l$l ]l {MS]l$V> 4, 8, 12, 16 ^]l W. C "4'
VS$g$. l>l 20 V>. _]l Q "49'MS "20' MS.
49 + 20 = 69
]l*]l 69
8. 4, 6, 9, 14, 21, ........
D Z Q ]l$l ]l {MS]l$V> 2, 3, 5, 7 ^]l W. C Q
A yl$. M> C { ]l Q$. M>st l>l 11 V>. _]l Q "21'MS$
"11' MS.
21 + 11 = 32
]l*]l 32
3. {MS]l$V> VSyl, ]l {MS]l$V> lVSYyl
{MS]l$V> $VS$l$. M> s ]l$l ]l {MS]l$V> lVS$Yl$. D ]l H
Z, H lV> lVS$Yl$ l$$M, B l>l Q]l$ _]l QMS$ MS.
Page no #5
E$
9. 12, 22, 30, 36, 40, ........

{MS]l$V> W. M> s ]l$l ]l {MS]l$V> 10, 8, 6, 4 ^]l lWY. B
l>l "2' >. M>st _]l QMS$ "2' MS.
40 + 2 = 42
]l*]l 42
10. 16, 41, 61, 76, 86, ........
{MS]l$V> W. M> s ]l$l ]l {MS]l$V> 25, 20, 15, 10 ^]l lWY.
B l>l "5' >. M>st _]l QMS$ "5' MS.
86 + 5 = 91
]l*]l 91
11. 12, 23, 30, 35, 38, ........
{MS]l$V> W. M> s ]l$l ]l {MS]l$V> 11, 7, 5, 3 ^]l lWY. C
{]l Q$. 3 MS _]l {]lQ "2'. M>st _]l Q "38'MS$ "2' MS.
38 + 2 = 40
]l*]l 40
l &2
Page no #6
Cs]lMS$ l Z M E$ VS]l$^. Cyl$ ]l$Ms ^l*.
{MS]l$V> lVSYyl, ]l V> Eylyl
1. 93, 89, 85, 81, 77, ........, .........

D JMS Q "4' ^]l lVS$Y. As l>l Q$ MS*y "4' ^]l
lV>Y.
77 & 4 = 73
73 & 4 = 69
]l*]l: 73, 69
2. 42, 39, 36, 33, 30, ........
D Z { Q ]ll$ Q MSs "3' lVS$Yl * E.
30 & 3 = 27
]l*]l: 27
{MS]l$V> lVSYyl, ]l {MS]l$V> VSyl
3. 99, 98, 96, 93, 89, 84, ........

D {MS]l$V> lVS$Yl$. M> ]l {MS]l$V> 1,2,3,4,5 ^]l W. As
l>l Q l$$Ms.. 84 ]l$_ "6' l*.
84 & 6 = 78
]l*]l: 78
4. 111, 109, 106, 101, 94, ........
D {MS]l$V> lVS$Yl $. M> ]l {MS]l$V> 2, 3, 5, 7 ^]l W. 2, 3, 5,
7 Al { ]l Q$. l>l { ]l Q 11. M>st "94' ]l$_ "11']l$ l O ]l
]l*]l ]l$.
94 & 11 = 83
--]l*--]l: 83
, ]l {MS]l$V> lVSYyl..
5. 77, 67, 59, 53, 49, ........
VS$M> l VSyl
Page
{MS]l$V> lVS$Y. ]l MS*y {MS]l$V> 10, 8, 6, 4 ^]l lVS$Y.
lno
>#7l
"2' lV>Y.
49 & 2 = 47
]l*]l: 47
6. 49, 40, 33, 28, 25, ......
{MS]l$V> lWY. ]l MS*y {MS]l$V> 9, 7, 5, 3 ^]l lV>Y. B l>l "1'
lV>Y.
25 & 1 = 24
]l*]l: 24
7. 2, 4, 12, 48, 240, ........

D Z { Q ]ll$ Q {MS]l$V> $VS$l* E]l MSW
E. D Z ]l* >sts.. ]l*]l Q ]l ]ll$ Q]l$
VS$^. CMSPyl ]l* ]l Q l] 6. ]ll$ Q 240. D yls VS$
]l^la R ]l*]l.
240 6 = 1440
Z l>l ]l^la Q 1440.
8. 2, 3, 8, 27, 112,565,...
D Z MS*y VS$M> l El l $. M> lls Q "2']l$ "1' M>
"2' M> VS$_]lsMS MSP]l$]l "3' ]l yl l$. D VS$M>
r$ MS]l (MS*ylMS) l MS*y E. O ]l$ MS lV> ^l]l^l$a.
21+1=3
32+2=8
8 3 + 3 = 27
27 4 + 4 = 112
112 5 + 5 = 565
As { Q]l$ ]l$V> 1, 2, 3, 4, 5^l VS$_, Al Q]l$ MSyl ]l l>l

Q ]l$. As l>l 565]l$ "6' VS$_ "6' MS.
565 6 + 6 = 3396
Z l>l ]l^la Q 3396.
Page no #8
Btlsl
9. 2, 3, 4, 6, 6, 9, 8, 12, 10, 15, ....
-Z yl$ $ $lOl$ E. B yl$ ]l$ ..
i) 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, ......
ii) 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, .....
]l$Z 15 l>l, lls Z Q >. lls 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 l>l

>]l Q 12.
]l*]l: 12
10. 4, 7, 6, 10, 8, 13, 10, 16, ........
O Z yl$ Z Q$ JMS l>l JMSs ]lâ. i) 4, 6, 8, 10,
......
ii) 7, 10, 13, 16, .....
]l$Z 16 l>l, lls Z Q >. lls 4, 6, 8, 10 l>l

>]l Q 12.
]l*]l: 12
11. 20, 22, 22, 20, 24, 18,26,....
O Z yl$ Z Q$ JMS l>l JMSs ]lâ.
i) 20, 22, 24, 26, ......

ii) 22, 20,18, .....
O ]l$Z 26 l>l y Z Q >. y 22, 20, 18 l>l >]l

Q 16.
]l*]l : 16
{VS* ..
12. 6, 8, 14, 7, 10, 17, 8, 13, ........
O Z { ]lyl$ ]l$ JMS {VS* V> E. { ]ly Q ]l l$ yl$
Q lMS ]l*]l.
6 + 8 = 14
7 + 10 = 17
Al lV>
Page no #9
8 + 13 = 21
]l*]l: 21
13. 20, 10, 200, 10, 5, 50, 5, 6, ........
O Z { ]lyl$ ]l$ JMS {VS* V> E. { ]ly Q ]l l$]l
yl$ Q MS ]l*]l.
20 10 = 200
10 5 = 50
Al lV>
5 6= 30
]l*]l: 30
M Q-$ $]l-..
14. 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, ........

D Z lls yl$ Q$ $]l $VS Q MSs ]ll$]l yl$
Q lMS ]l*]l.
2+3=5;3+5=8;
5 + 8 = 13 ; 13 + 21 = 34 ;
21 + 34 = 55
]l*]l: 55.
15. 1, 2, 2, 4, 8, 32, ........
O Z lls yl$ Q$ $]l, $VS Q$.. MSs ]ll$]l yl$
Q]l$ VS$^lyl ]l ]l$.
12=2;22=4;
2 4 = 8 ; 4 8 = 32
Al lV>
8 32 = 256
]l*]l: 256
_sP
H QOl 5^l VS$^s, B Q _]l JMS $ E]lr$ F^l$M, B Q]l$ 2
^ll W^. ]l^la VS l$ s A]l#l$.
Page no #10
E
5637 5 ^l*s 5637 _]l $ El]l$M "2'^l W^.
56370
= 28185
2
5637 5 = 28185
]l &3
Page no #11
All {]lQ E]l D ]l {]l$ V> ^s lVSV> MS*ylMS$,

ll$, VS$M>, VS> O r$t^. s r$ 1 ]l$_ 11 ]lMS$ $$; 1
]l$_ 35 ]lMS$ ]l>Y$ MS_alV> ]l_a Ey. s r$ ]ll ]lMS$ E]l {]lQ]l$
VS$^lVSWl ^$.
]l ]l$ $V> A ^l$ M]lyMS VSl {>{]l$ ^. ]l
Z ]l^la {$ MS lV> Er$.
1. {MS]l$V> VSyl
2. {MS]l$V> lVSYyl
3. lVSV> VSyl
4. lVSV> lVSYyl
5. Btlsl
6. {VS*
7. Cl {$
l*yl 1 & {MS]l$V> VSyl

Q$ {MS]l$V> $VS$l*, s ]l Z lV> ]l*$ ]lrl D Z MS]l
l El ^l]l^l$a. Z Q ]l BV> ]lyl$ E
V>$V> ]lYMS^l ]l^l$a. A..
1G. {MS]l$V> VSyl, ]l V> Eylyl
1. {MS]l$V> VSyl, ]l {MS]l$V> VSyl
1G. {MS]l$V> VSyl, ]l V> Eylyl

H yl$ Q ]l$l ]l ^l* A V> Er$. As JMS Q
^]l $ VS$l$. M E]l$ .
1. 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, .....
D {MS]l$V> $VS$l$. ]l V> E. H yl$ Q ]l A
4. As _]l Q 29MS 4 MSl l>l Q ]l $.
29 + 4 = 33
]l*]l 33.
Page no #12
2. 12, 19, 26, 33, ....

{MS]l$V> "7' ^]l $VS$ l$. ]l V> E.
M>]l Q = 33 + 7 = 40
]l*]l 40.
3. 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, ....

{MS]l$V> "3' ^]l $VS$ l$. ]l V> E.
M>]l Q = 20 + 3 = 23
]l*]l 23.
4. 21, 27, 33, 39, 45, .....
{MS]l$V> "6' ^]l $VS$ l$. ]l V> E.
M>]l Q 45 + 6 = 51
]l*]l 51.
1. {MS]l$V> VSyl, ]l {MS]l$V> VSyl.
5. 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 17, ....
1 23 4 5
{MS]l$V> $VS$l$. ]l MS*y 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ^]l $VS$l$. B l>l
6 V>.
M>]l
Q = 17 + 6 = 23
]l*]l 23.
6. 2,10, 14,20,28, ....
2 4 6 8
{MS]l$V> $VS$l$. ]l MS*y 2, 4, 6, 8 ^]l $VS$l$. B l>l 10
V>.
M>]l
Q = 28 + 10 = 38
]l*]l 38.
7. 10, 12, 15, 20,
Page no #13
27, ....
2 3 5 7
{MS]l$V> $VS$l$. ]l MS*y 2, 3, 5, 7 ^]l $VS$l$. V>
2, 3, 5, 7 Al Q yl 27MS$ "9' MS "36' A ]l*]l VS$ $. C
l . 2, 3, 5, 7 Z "2' Al Q M>l$. lV> C { ]l Q
l$$. "7' l>l { ]l Q 11. M>st _]l QMS$ 11 MS.
M>]l
Q = 27 + 11 = 38
]l*]l 38.
8. 5, 8, 14, 23, 35,...
3 6 9 12
{MS]l$V> $VS$l$. ]l MS*y 3, 6, 9, 12 (3 VS$g$) ^]l
$VS$l$. B l>l 15 V>.
M>]l
Q = 35 + 15 = 50
]l*]l 50.
9. 5, 15, 24, 32, 39, ....
10 9 8 7
{MS]l$V> $VS$l$. M> ]l {MS]l$V> 10, 9, 8, 7 ^]l lVS$Yl$. B
l>l 6 >.
M>]l
Q = 39 + 6 = 45
]l*]l 45.
10. 12, 22, 30, 36, 40, ....
10 8 6 4
{MS]l$V> $VS$l$. M> ]l {MS]l$V> lVS$Yl$. 10, 8, 6, 4 l>l 2
>.
M>]l
Q = 40 + 2 = 42
]l*]l 42.
11. 6, 22, 34, 42, ....
Page no #14
16 12 8
{MS]l$V> $VS$l$. M> ]l {MS]l$V> 16, 12, 8 ^]l lVS$Yl$. l>l 4
>.
M>]l
Q = 42 + 4 = 46
]l*]l 46.
12. 30, 47, 60, 71, ...
ls _sP
17 13 11
{MS]l$V> $VS$l$. ]l {MS]l$V> 17, 13, 11 ^]l lVS$Y l$. 17, 13,
11$ {]l Q$. l>l ]l^la {]l Q 7.
M>]l
Q = 71 + 7 = 78
]l*]l 78.
HOl JMS Q]l$ "5' VS$^ ]l, VS$^]l Q _]l $ st "2'

W^lyl. H QOl "5' VS$^lyl MSs 2 W^lyl ^ $.
E$
1.
6785 5
Cl$Z 6785 _]l $ st "2' W^.

67850
= 33925
2
6785 5 = 33925
2.
69548 5
69548 _]l $ st "2' W^.

695480
= 347740
2
Page no #15
69548 5 = 347740
VS]l$MS
]lr$. BO
VS$^]l Q _]l $ yl$l$ ]l$s, ]l$]l "10' VS$_

"2' W$.
10
=5
M>st 5 VS$ H ]l*]l ]l$ 10 VS$_, 2
2
W_ Al ]l*]l ]l$.
]l &4
Page no #16
# A f]l tyl Z l]lMSr* JMS ]l _,

$#MS$r$]l A ]l . {MSl ]l ]l$_ {$ 7 l*ylZ
]l$ l$$MS$. l$$ls l*yl {MS]l$V> VSyl VS$_ ^la^.
Cyl$ $VS l*yl]l$ .
Q ]l${MS]l$
l*yl 2 {MS]l$V> lVSYyl
{MS]l$V> lVS$Yl*, B Q ]l$l ]lZ l ]l*$ ]lr$$l D Z
]l]lMS]l l El ^l^l$a. Z Q ]l BV> ]lyl$ E
V>$V> ]lYMS^l]l^l$a. A..
2G. {MS]l$V> lVSYyl, ]l V> Eylyl
2. {MS]l$V> lVSYyl, ]l {MS]l$V> VSyl
2. {MS]l$V> lVSYyl, ]l {MS]l$V> lVSYyl
2G. {MS]l$V> lVSYyl, ]l V> Eylyl

13. 64, 61, 58, 55, 52, ....
3 3 3
3
{MS]l$V> lVS$Yl$. ]l V>(3) E. l>l 3 lV>Y.
M>]l Q = 52 & 3 = 49
]l*]l: 43
14. 59, 55, 51, 47, ...
4 4
4
{MS]l$V> lVS$Yl$. ]l V> (4) E. l>l 4 lV>Y.
M>]l Q = 47 & 4 = 43
]l*]l: 43
Page no #17
2. {MS]l$V> lVSYyl, ]l {MS]l$V> VSyl

15. 91, 90, 88, 85, 81, .....
1 2 3
4
{MS]l$V> lVS$Yl$. M> ]l {MS]l$V> 1, 2, 3, 4 ^]l $VS$l$. l>l 5
>.
M>]l Q = 81 & 5 = 76
]l*]l: 76
16. 100, 98, 94, 88, 80, ...
2
4
6 8
{MS]l$V> lVS$Yl$. M> ]l {MS]l$V> 2, 4, 6, 8 ^]l $VS$l$. l>l
10 >.
M>]l Q = 80 & 10 = 70
]l*]l: 70
90, 80, 72, 66, 62, ....
17.
2. {MS]l$V> lVSYyl, ]l {MS]l$V> lVSYyl
10 8
6 4
{MS]l$V> lVS$Yl$. ]l MS*y {MS]l$V> 10, 8, 6, 4 ^]l lVS$Yl$. l>l
2 >.
M>]l Q = 62 & 2 = 60
]l*]l: 60
18. 80, 68, 59, 53, ....
12 9
6
{MS]l$V> lVS$Yl$. ]l MS*y {MS]l$V> 12, 9, 6 (3 VS$g$) ^]l
lVS$Yl$. l>l 3 >.

M>]l Q = 53 & 3 = 50
]l*]l: 50
Page no #18
l*yl 3 lVSV> VSyl
Z Q$ lVSV> $VS$$$. l$$ls yl$ Q ]l$l ]l, _]l yl$

Q ]l$l ]lZ ^ ly Er$. D VSZ {]l$ Il$ E V>$V>
]lYMS^l]l^l$a. A..
3G. lVSV> VSyl, VS$M> l
3. lVSV> VSyl, VS$M> MS]l l
3. lVSV> VSyl, VS$M> ]l]lMS]l l
3yl. lVSV> VSyl, ]lY l
3C. lVSV> VSyl, $]l l
3G. lVSV> VSyl, VS$M> l

2, 4, 12, 48, 240, .....
2
19.
lVSV> $VS$l$. ]lZ ^ ly E. M>st Cl$Z VS$M> l

El ^l^l$a.
Z Q]l$ ]l$V> 2, 3, 4, 5 VS$ l>l Q$ ]lâ$$. M>st 240
6 VS$ ^.
240 6 = 1440
]l*]l: 1440
20. 1, 1, 3, 15, 105, ...
1
3 5
Z Q]l$ ]l$V> 1, 3, 5, 7 Al Q VS$^$. 105]l$ l>l

Q "9' VS$^.
105 9 = 945
]l*]l: 945
3. lVSV> VSyl, VS$M> MS]l l

21.
1,
2,
1+1
5,
16,
2+1 3+1
Page no #19
65, .....
4+1
2+2 4+4 6+6 8+8
Z Q]l$ ]l$V> 1, 2, 3, 4 VS$_ JMSs MSl l>l Q ]l$.

All V> _]l Q 65]l$ 5 VS$_ 1 MS.
M>]l Q = 65 5 + 1 = 326
]l*]l: 326
22. 2, 6, 28, 174, 1400, ....
Z Q]l$ ]l$V> 2, 4, 6, 8 Al Q VS$_, B MS Al

Q$ MS$. AllV> 1400]l$ 10 VS$_, 10 MS.
M>]l Q = 1400 10 + 10
]l*]l: 14010
= 14010
3. lVSV> VSyl, VS$M> ]l]lMS]l l
23. 2, 3, 5, 9, 17, 33, 65, ........

Z Q]l$ 2 VS$_, 1 l l>l Q ]l$. AllV> 65]l$ 2
VS$_, JMSs l*.
M>]l Q 65 2 1 = 129
]l*]l: 129
24. 2, 5, 24, 167, ....
31 51
71
Z Q]l$ ]l$V> Q VS$_, 1 l>$. AllV> _]l Q

167]l$ 9 VS$_ 1 l*.
M>]l Q = 167 9 1 = 1502
]l*]l: 1502
PageVSno
Cl {MS$ ]l$ ]l*]l MS*y E. Z Q]l$ ]l$V> 3, 5, 7
$#20
_,
JMSs l>. 3, 5, 7 Al MS]l Q$ ]l*{ll$ M>l$. C {]lQ$ MS*y
A]l#$$. l>l {]lQ 11. M>st 167]l$ 11 VS$_, JMSs l*.
M>]l Q = 167 11 1 = 1836
]l*]l: 1836
O yl$ ]l*Z H JMSs BlZ Ey^l$a. JMSl yl$ ]l*$ Es "O
yl$ O]ll' Al ]l$ Bl Er$.
3yl. lVSV> VSyl, ]lY l
25. 4, 16, 36, 64, 100, ......

C ]l$V> Q ]l>Y$. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 l>l 12 ]lY >.
]l*]l: 122 = 144
26. 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, ....
]l$V> 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 ]lY QMS$ Al Q$ MS$. l>l 8 ]l>YMS 8 MS.
]l*]l: 82 + 8 = 72
]l &5
Page no #21
QO MS A]lV>]l, 15 ]lMS$ $$, 35 ]lMS$ ]l>Y$, 100 ]lMS$ {]l QO

r$t, lVSV> MS*ylMS$, ll$, VS$M> VS>$ ^l$VS l$ Es ]l
{]l$ A$V> ^l$]l^l$a.
s r$ {]l$ ^l*ylV>l A H l*ylMS$ ^ll$l$ ]ll$V> VS$ ^. {
JMSl l$$ls y l*ylMS$ ^l]lr$$l, Q ]l$l ]l ^l*,
BV> ]l* ]l VS$^. JMSl { ]lyl$ $V l*ylMS$ ^l]lr$$l
s ]l$l VS$M> VS ]lY $]l $ Eyl]l^l$a. s BV>
]l*$ VS$^. l$$ls $VS$ l*yl VS$_ VSl _ MSZ l$aMS$. Cyl$
Cl l*yl .
Btlsl
VSlZ ^lMS$]l $VS$ l*ylMS$ C ]lV> Er$. JMS {MS]l$lZ
]l*$l$]lr$ MS^ll$. Cl$Z Q$ M l>Z $VS$l*, lVS$Yl* Es$$.
Cs l>Z JMS Q ]l ]l$ Q, ... D l V> _]l ]lMS$ ^l* A H JMS
Z Es$$. AllV> $W]l Q$ MS*y ]l$ Z Es$$. ]ll$ B
]l$ VS]l$_ ]l* $ VS$^.
M E$
1. 2, 3, 4, 6, 6, 9, 8, 12, 10, 15, ....
Cl$Z JMS Q ]l ]l$ Q]l$ JMS MS . $W]l Q$
]l$ Z E$$. B yl$ $
i) 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, ....
ii) 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, ....
C yl$ MS*y IA Z E$$. Cl$Z l$$ls Z _]l Q M>. l$$ls
{MS]l$V> $VS$l* ]l V> (IA) E. l>l 12 >.
]l*]l: 12
2. 1, 2, 2, 5, 4, 8, 7, 11, 11, 14, ..., ...
Cl$Z yl$ $$$. A
i) 1, 2, 4, 7, 11, .....
ii) 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, .....
Page no #22
{VS*
l$$ls {MS]l$V> VSyl, ]l {MS]l$V> VSyl (IB) Z E. D Z

]l {MS]l$V> 1, 2, 3, 4 ^]l W. l>l Q 5 V>.
11 + 5 = 16
y {MS]l$V> VSyl, ]l V> Eylyl (IA)Z E. D {
lZ 3 ^]l $VS$l$.
l>l Q = 14 + 3 = 17
_]l yl$ Q$ 16, 17
3. 5, 7, 7, 6, 10, 5, 14, 4, 19, 3, ..., ...
Cl$Z yl$ $$$. A
i) 5, 7, 10, 14, 19, .....
ii) 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, .....
l$$ls {MS]l$V> VSyl, ]l {MS]l$V> VSyl (IB)Z E. Cl$Z
]l {MS]l$V> 2, 3, 4, 5 ^]l W. l>l 6 V>.
l>l Q 19 + 6 = 25
y {MS]l$V> lVSYyl, ]l V> (IIA)Z E. { lZ 1
^]l lWY.
l>l Q 2
_]l yl$ Q$ 25, 2
Cl$Z { ]lyl$ Q$ M>, { $VS$ Q$ M> JMS {VS*#V> Es$$. _]l

{VS*#Z JMS Q $ ^l* E]l { C$. ]ll$ JMS {VS*#Z Q ]l$l
Gs l E MS]l$MP, BV> ]l*]l MS]l$MP.
4. 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 15, 17, 18, ......
Cl$Z { ]lyl$ Q$ JMS {VS*#V> E$$. { {VS*#Z l$$ls yl$ Q
l$$l ]ly Q A]l#l$. 2 + 3 = 5; 7 + 8 = 15 All V> 17 + 18 = 35.
]l*]l: 35
5. 6, 10, 8, 10, 20, 15, 15, 17, ......
D Z { ]lyl$ Q$ JMS {VS*#V> E$$. Cl$Z { {VS*#Z l$$ls
yl$ Q > ]ly Q A]l#l$.
6 + 10
10 + 20
= 8;
= 15
2
2
Page no #23
AllV>
15 + 17
= 16
2
]l*]l: 16
6. 20,5,100,4,30,5,150,6,40,4,160, ...
D Z { $VS$ Q$ JMS {VS*#V> E$$. Cl$Z { {VS*#Z l$$ls
yl$ Q ]ly QV>, l$$ls Q]l$ y Q W ]l_a]l
VS $V QV> ]l_a.
]l*]l: 10
20 5 = 100; 20 5 = 4
30 5 = 150; 30 5 = 6
40 4 = 160; 40 4 = 10
Cl {$
O]l ^lMS$]l 6 l*ylZ >MS$y $W]l Cl {]l$ D {VS*Z .

7. 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, ......... (Gyl$s B)
D {VS*#Z l$$ls yl$ Q$ $]l $W]l A Q$, MSs ]ll$]l
yl$ Q l$$lV> E$$.
1 + 2 = 3; 2 + 3 = 5; 3 + 5 = 8; 5 + 8 = 3; 13 + 21 = 34 All V> 21 + 34 = 55
]l*]l: 55
8. 1, 2, 2, 4, 8, 32, .........
D {VS*#Z l$$ls yl$ Q$ $]l $VS A Q$ MSs ]ll$]l yl$
Q V> E.
1 2 = 2; 2 2 = 4; 4 8 = 32; AllV> 8 32 = 256
]l*]l: 256
]l &6
Page no #24
# A s SZ lMS$y MS JMS {
A]l ]l ]l$_ ]l$. {VS*&I {l$,

{VS*&II f]l tyl, {VS* IVZ C ^ {]l
l^l$MS$. {VS*&I l$l VZ 11]l {Z
# 4 ]l*$P$ (2 {$) D AO Ayl$VS$$.
]l$t# ^ lZ C^la {Z MS]l O]l ]l*]l VS$ l$. M>
{VS*&I, VZ { {MS$ yl$ ]l*$P$ Es. M>st ]l*]l r$ MS
yl$ M>Z MS _]l ]l >*. ]l VStV> ]lyl$
M>$yl]l^l$a. M> AlMSs GMS$P]l > ]l$$ MS]l^l$a.
s SZ fVS AZ ]lMS$ _ H { C_a]l lVSV> ^l*s MS
A>O MS A]lV>]l A]l. A....
f Q$, N>~M>$, N~ Q$, AMS$ Q$, Q$, Q$
llO]l sO A]lV>]l Ey.
]ll ]lMS$ E]l {]l Q$ l$ y. A....
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83,
89, 97
35 ]lMS$ ]lY Q$ l$y.
15 ]lMS$ $]l Q$ l$y.
MS*ylMS, ll, VS$M>, VS>$ lVSV> ^l$VSV>. M ll VS l]l
^l l$.
]l Z ]l$]l {$ M Q$ H JMS t $]l* s* JMS
]l$ {MS]l$Z ]l. B $ ]l* VS]l$_, Al $]l$ _]l ]l^la Q]l$
MS]l$MP. VSl 20 ]ll>$V> f$VS$l$]l l s SZ ]l$]l ]l
{]l$ s ]lQV> 9 M>$V> ]lYMS^^l$a A...
{MS]l$V> VSyl
{MS]l$V> lVSYyl
${]l$
lVSV> VSyl
lVSV> lVSYyl
Btlsl
{VS*
R]l*]l
Cl {$
Page no #25
Cyl$ JMPMSP
1. {MS]l$V> VSyl:
Z Q$ {MS]l$V> $VS$l* Es. s ]l$l ]l BV> ]l$
]lyl$ M>$V> ]lYMS^l$M]l^l$a.
A...
G) {MS]l$V> VSyl, ]l V> Eylr
) {MS]l$V> VSyl, ]l VSyl
) {MS]l$V> VSyl, ]l lVSYyl
sMS M E$
1 (G) {MS]l$V> VSyl, ]l V> Eylr:
1. 3, 7, 11, 15, 19,
4 4 4 4
O Z H yl$ Q ]l$l ]l ^l* "4' E. As { lZ "4'
^]l $VS$l$. l>l MS*y 4 V>.
f$:
19 + 4 = 23 >.
2. 7, 13, 19, 25, 31, 37,
6 6
6 6 6
O Z H yl$ Q ]l$l ]l ^l* 6 ( V>) E. As {

lZ "6' ^]l W. l>l MS*y "6' V>.
f$: 37 + 6 = 43
Page no #26
1 () {MS]l$V> VSyl, ]l VSyl:
3. 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 17,
1 2 3 4 5
O {MS]l$V> W. ]l MS*y {MS]l$V> 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ^]l W. l>l
6 V>.
f$:
17 + 6 = 23
4. 5, 9, 17, 29, 45,
4 8 12 16
O {MS]l$V> W. ]l MS*y {MS]l$V> 4, 8, 12, 16 ^]l W. l>l
20 V>.
f$:
45 + 20 = 65
5. 4, 6, 9, 14, 21,
2 3 5 7
O {MS]l$V> W. ]l MS*y { ]l QO ]l 2, 3, 5, 7 ^]l V>.

l>l "7' l>l ]l^la {]l Q A]l 11 V>.
f$:
21 + 11 = 32
1 () {MS]l$V> VSyl, ]l lVSYyl:
6. 2, 12, 20, 26, 30,
10 8 6 4
O {MS]l$V> W. M> s ]l$l ]l {MS]l$V> 10, 8, 6, 4 ^]l lWY.
l>l "2' >.
f$:
30 + 2 = 32
7. 5, 24, 41, 54, 65,
19 17 13 11
O {MS]l$V> W. M> s ]l$l ]l {MS]l$V> 19, 17, 13, 11 ^]l
lWY. C ^l*ylsMS Q$V> MS_]lsMS ]l$lZ 17 l>l 15 >. M> 15
Page no #27
l$.
M>st C Q ]l${MS]l$ M>l$. C {]l Q$. {MS]l$V> lVS$Yl* ]lâ.
11 l>l ]l^la { ]l Q "7'.
f$:
65 + 7 = 72
2. {MS]l$V> lVSYyl:
Z Q$ {MS]l$V> lVS$Yl* Es. s ]l$l ]l BV> ]l$
]lyl$ M>$V> ]lYMS^l]l^l$a. A...
G) {MS]l$V> lVSYyl, ]l V> Eylr
) {MS]l$V> lVSYyl, ]l VSyl
) {MS]l$V> lVSYyl, ]l lVSYyl
2 (G) {MS]l$V> lVSYyl, ]l V> Eylr:
8. 90, 86, 82, 78, 74, 70,
4 4 4 4 4
O {MS]l$V> lVS$Yl$. ]l H yl$ Q ]l$l ^l* "4' (V>) E.
l>l MS*y "4' lV>Y.
f$:
70 4 = 66
9. 100, 94, 88, 82, 76, 70,
6 6 6 6 6
O {MS]l$V> lVS$Yl$. ]l H yl$ Q ]l$l ^l* "6' (V>) E.
l>l MS*y "6' lV>Y.
f$:
70 6 = 64
2 () {MS]l$V> lVSYyl, ]l VSyl:
10. 100, 98, 94, 88, 80, 70,
2 4
6 8 10
O {MS]l$V> lVS$Yl $. M> ]l 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 ^]l $VS$l$. l>l 12

>.
f$:
Page no #28
70 12 = 58
11. 80, 77, 72, 65, 56,
3 5 7 9
O {MS]l$V> lVS$Yl $. M> ]l 3, 5, 7, 9 ^]l W. l>l 11 >.
f$:
56 11 = 45
2 () {MS]l$V> lVSYyl, ]l lVSYyl:
12. 110, 100, 92, 86, 82,
10 8
20
16
12 8
O {MS]l$V> lWY. ]l MS*y {MS]l$V> 10, 8, 6, 4 ^]l lWY. l>l "2'

>.
f$:
82 2 = 80
13. 200, 180, 164, 152, 144,
O {MS]l$V> lWY. ]l MS*y {MS]l$V> 20, 16, 12, 8 ^]l lWY. l>l "4'
>.
f$:
144 4 = 140
14. 90, 79, 72, 67, 64,
11 7 5 3
O {MS]l$V> lWY. ]l MS*y {MS]l$V> 11, 7, 5, 3 ^]l lWY. C

^l*ylsMS Q$V> MS_]lsMS 11 l>l "9' >l$. M>st s {]l Q
$V> ^lM]l^l$a. ]l {]l Q ^]l {MS]l$V> lVS$Yl$. "3' MSs _]l
{]l Q "2' M>st l>l "2' lV>Y.
f$:
64 2 = 62
$VS l*ylMS$ _]l A>]l$ ]l^la _MSZ .
r &1
Page no #29
r O r$t ^s..
A ]l$_
Z ]lMS$; Z ]l$_ A ]lMS$ lVSV> ^ll]lVSV>.

A ]l$_ Z ]lMS$ s l] $]l$ (A1, B2, C3, ....... Y25, Z26) l
Ey.
Z ]l$_ A ]lMS$ ]l BzZ s ]l $]l$ (Z1, Y2, X3, .... B25,
A26) l Ey.
A ]l$_ Z ]lMS$ ]l hl r (As A MS$ Z, B MS$ Y.......) l Ey.
s r$ ]l O N~ A]lV>]l Ey.
O A>]l$ ^lMSPV> {MSt ^l r lV> ^l$VS$VS$.
]ll$V> A ]l$_ Z ]lMS$ ]l $]l]l$ . D ]l $]l]l$ strtyl
> l {*f]l Eyll$. lV> ]l$a$ A]lM> E. A M>MS$y MSl C_a]l
]l $]l]l$ VS$$^l$M.
A EJ O T Y
1
5 10 15 20 25
O s ]l $]l]l$ VS$$^l$ MS$s s l>l AS> ]l $]l]l$ s

BV> VS$$^l$M]l^l$a. $VS AS >MS$ MS*y G]lMS $ l]l$MS$ VS$$yl Z
lV> Myl$ l*$ ^l$MS$s A ^ $$]l#V> VS$$s.
EMS$ ""]l]l M> 7/G'' Al ]l* $ l$ $ Eyl$. D ]l*
$ l G ]l $]l 7 A VS$$r$. AVS Cs]l {MSMSsZ V> # A]l
rs&rs G]l* ]l$a$. T-rs A VS$$^l$ MS$s T l] $]l 20 A
l$$. C $VS AS>MS$ MS*y lV> Myl$ VS$$^l$M l]l ^l*.
]l BzZ As Z ]l$_ A ]lMS$ ]l $]l$ VS$$^l$Ms, s M lV>
MStyl]l]l l$. JMS $$ Ol]l _sP > s VS$$^l$M]l^l$a. M> ]ll$V> ]l$]lMS$
A ]l$_ Z ]lMS$ ]l $]l$ l Ey.
HOl AS ]l Bz Z l] $ ]l M>s 27 ]l$_ ]l$]lMS$ M>]l AS l]
$]l]l$ l*.
no #30
EMS$ ]l BzZ 'L' l] $]l M>s 27 ]l$_ L Page
]l $]
l]l$
l*. 2712 = 15. M>st 15 Al L ]l BzZ ]l $]l A]l#l$.
]l BzZ
Q l] $]l = 27 17 = 10
T l] $]l = 27 20 = 7
s r$ AS> ]l hl r l Ey. MS ]ll$V> AS ]l
hl ]l l$$M, B ]l $]l VS AS> MS]l$MP. Cl B AS ]l
hl r A]l#l$.
EMS$ 'R' ]l hl r M>s R ]l hl r MS]l$MP. R
]l hl r = 27 18 = 9. 9]l AS I. M>st R ]l hl r I. 'R'
]l hl r 'I' Al 'I' ]l hl r 'R' A]l#l$.
D r Z AS> ]l$l ]l V> Es OylMStV> ]l*]l VS$^l]l^l$a.
M> AS> ]l$l ]l GMS$P]lV> E]lyl$, B AS> l] $ ]l$ >*. A JMS
]l A]l# l$. BV> _]l ]l^la ]l MS]l$MP ]l $]l]l$ st
M>]l AS> MS]l$MP.
E$
1. N, P, R, T, V,
O Z { AS l>l JMS AS $]l* l>l AS>$ E. N l>l
'O' $]l_ 'P' ]l
$. Al l V> 'V' l>l 'W' $]l_ 'X' >.
]l*]l 'X'
2. A, E, I, , U
Cl$Z CWZ A^l$a$ ]l$V> E. ]l$l RZ 'O' >.
]l*]l 'O'
3.
W, V, T, S, Q, P, N, M, ,
(I 1996)
G) I, J ) J, I
) J, K yl) K, J
D AS>]l$ s l] $]l {M> >. ..... 23, 22, 20, 19, 17, 16, 14, 13, ,
Al ]l
Hyl. D {MS]l$V> 1, 2, 1, 2, ...... ^]l lVS$Yl $.
_]l 14 ]l$_ 13MS$ "1' lWY. B l>l 2, 1$ lV>Y.
Page no #31
13 2 = 11
11 1 = 10
11]l AS K; 10]l AS J
]l*]l K, J
4. Z, X, V, T, R, ,
(Gyl$s B 2008)
AZ, CX, FU,
5.
) N, M
G) O, K
) P, N
yl) M, N
O Z AS>$ ]l BzZ JMSs ]l ]l$MSs ]lâ. M>st l>l P, N$
>.
]l*]l (c) P, N
( 1996)
G) JQ
) KP
) JR
yl) IV
D Z AS>]l$ s ]l $]l {M> >
1,26, 3,24, 6,21,

Cl$Z lls QZ 1, 3, 6, $ ]l$V> 2, 3 ^]l V>. l>l "4'
V>. As 6 + 4 = 10 >.
y Q$ 26, 24, 21$ ]l$V> 2, 3 ^]l lV>Y. l>l "4' lV>Y. As 21
4 = 17 >.
As l>l RZ ]l$V> 10]l, 17]l AS>O]l JQ$ >.
]l*]l : JQ
6.
POQ, SRT, VUW,
( 1997)
G) XYZ
) XZY
) YXZ
yl) YZX
O Z { ]lZ ]lyl$ AS>$ E. s ]l $]l {M> >
16, 15, 17 ; 19, 18, 20 ; 22, 21, 23,
O ]l Z D {VS*#Z lls Q 3 ^]l W. l>l 22 + 3 = 25
Page no #32
>. { {VS*#Z y, ]ly Q$ ]l$V> 1, +2 ^]l ]l*>.
25 1 = 24 ; 24 + 2 = 26
As l>l RZ 25, 24, 26]l AS>O ]l YXZ >.

]l*]l 'YXZ'
7. B, I, P, W, D, K,
(l VShsyl 2005)
G) P ) K ) R yl) Z
AS>]l$ ]l $]l {M> >
2, 9, 16, 23, 4, 11,
{ lZ "7' ^]l W. 2 + 7 = 9 Cl l V> 23 + 7 = 30 A]l#l$.

M> CW Z 26 AS>$ ]l*{ll$ E. 26 MSs l Q ]l B Q ]l$_ 26]l$
l*. CMSPyl 30 26 = 4. 4]l AS 'D'
4 + 7 = 11. _]l AS 11 + 7 = 18]l AS 'R' >.
]l*]l 'R'
8. G, I, J, J, L, M, M, O, P, P,
(VShsyl 2006)
G) O ) P ) R yl) S
O r ]l$ ]l ZMS ]l* 7, 9, 10, 10, 12, 13, 13, 15, 16, 16,
O 2, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0, ........ ^]l $VS$l$. Cyl$ 2 V> 16 + 2 = 18]l
AS 'R' >.
]l*]l 'R'
9. A, F, K,
(G.C.C. 2008)
G) P ) Q ) R yl) S
O {MS]l$V> 5 $ ]ll$MS$ fW.
11 (K) + 5 = 16
16]l AS 'P'
]l*]l 'P'
{MSt s
1.
DIL, GLO, JOR,

Page
#33
({VS*&1 {
l$no2008)
G) XAD
) MRU
2.
) GJM
yl) PSV
C M D O
, , ,
G R J ?
({VS*&1 MSVS 2002)

G) V ) S ) T yl) M
3.
A, D, H, M, ,
({VS*&1 1991)
D, J, P, V, B, H,
4.
G) O, T ) N, S
) S, Z yl) U, Y
C, G, L, R,
G) U ) S ) Y yl) Z
6. MN, LO, KP,
G) RS ) JQ
) IJ
yl) QR
7. BAT, DCV, FEX,
G) HGI ) HGZ
) HIJ yl) HGY
5.
G) N ) Q ) K yl) S
]l*$
1 2
5 6
G 3
7
({VS*&2 2005)
Page no #34
r &2
r Z M MSMS A> VS$_ l$$MS$.
r Z ]l$ VS _]l AS>$ (a,b,c,....z). JMSS {MS]l$Ol$]l lZ ]l*
]l$lZ M R$ C$. B AS>$ ]l$l MS]l$MP BV> RZ
>]l AS>]l$ VS$^.
Cl$Z ]lQV> AS>$ #]l>]ll lZ ]l^la A]lM> E. As MS 2 AS>

]l$_ VSxV> B$ AS> ]l ]lMS$ Al ]l$ {MS]l$Z #]l>]ll A]l#l*
Es$$. D ]l$lZ M AS>]l$ $]l$$* s MS]l$MP]l$s$.

Cs {MS$ ]ll$V> B yl$ AS> #]l>]ll l A]l$MS$s, {
yl$ AS>]l$ JMS VSV> F^l$M. B lV> ^l]l l>l { {VS*Z l$$ls
AS JMSs Ey. RV> Ey. AVS y AS> ^. CMSPyl RV>
E]l ]l$ B* AS> N^. JMSl B lV> MS$s ]lylS> ]l,

$VS$, Il$, B$, AS>$ F^l$M l$$ls AS l$$l$M _]l AS ]lMS$
^. B* Z Al AS>$ Ey. R Ey. BV>

R$]l^r H AS>$ ]l* $V> MS]l$MP]l^l$a.
M E$
1.
_bc_bca_ _a_cab_ab_
a) aabbcc b) aabcbcc
c) aabcbc d) aacbbcc
Page no #35
O { VS]l$ abc Al ]lylS>$ $]l*$ #]l>]ll A$$]lr$ l$$.
abc / abc / abc / abc / abc / abc

]l*]l: (b) aabcbcc
2.
_ _aba_ _ba_ab
a) abbba b) abbab
c) baabb d) bbaba
O {]l$ VS]l$ ab AS>$ AlMS$ #]l>]ll A$$]lr$ l$ $.
ab / ab / ab / ab / ab / ab
]l*]l: (b) abbab
3.
a_bbc_aab_cca_bbcc
a) acba b) bacb
c) abba d) caba
O {]l$ VS]l$ aabbcc Al AS>$ $]l*$ #]l>]ll A]lr$ l$ $.
aabbcc / aabbcc / aabbcc
]l*]l: (a) acba
4.
b_ _d bac_ _acd _ac_ ba_ _
a) acdbdcd b) acdbbacd
c) acdbbdcd
d) adcbbdcd
O {]l$ VS]l$ bacd Al $VSS>$ $]l*$ #]l>]ll A$$]lr$ l$$.

bacd / bacd / bacd / bacd / bacd
]l*]l: (c) acdbbdcd

5.
Pa_cQab_Rab_S_ _C
a) bcab b) bccba
c) bcacb d) bccab
O {]l$ VS]l$ abc ]lylS>$ $]l*$ #]l>]ll M>]lr r$ { abc
]ll$ ]l$V> Capital letters P Q R S$ ]lâ$ l$$.
Pabc / Qabc / Rabc / Sabc
]l*]l: (d) bccab
6.
a_cdaab_cc_daa_bbb_ccddd
a) bdbda
c) dbbca
b) bddca
d) bbdac
Page no #36
abcd AS>$ l$$ls JMP, y { AS yl$$,
]ly { AS ]lyl$$ #]l>]llOl$.

abcd / aabbccdd / aaabbbcccddd
7.
_abb_ _bb_a_bbab_ba
a) bababa b) bbabbb
c) ababaa d) aaaabb
O Z babb AS>$ $]l*$ #]l>]llOl$.
babb / babb / babb / babb / ba
]l*]l: (b) bbabbb

8.
ab_ _cac_b
a) abc b) bca
c) cab d) cba
]l*]l: (d) bbdac
O Z abc AS>$ ^l{MS$ lZ A]lV> abc, bca, cab$V> ]lâ$$.
abc / bca / cab

]l*]l: (d) cba.
VSlZ ]l_a]l {$
1.
abc_d_bc_d_b_cda
a) bacde b) cdabe
c) dacab d) decdb
abcdd / abccd / abbcd / a
]l*]l: (c) dacab.
2.
ba_b_aab_a_b
a) abaa b) abba
c) baab d) babb
baab / baab / baab
]l*]l: (b) abba.
3.
gfe_ig _eii_fei_gf_ii
a) eifgi b) figie
c) ifgie d) ifige
gfeii / gfeii / gfeii / gfeii
]l*]l: (c) ifgie
4.
mnonopq opqrs _ _ _ _ _
a) mnopq b) oqrst
c) pqrst d) qrstu
mno / nopq / opqrs / pqrst
]l*]l: (c) pqrst
Page no #37
Page no #38
r &3
]lMS A>$
BVS AS>$&26. sZ A, E, I, O, U Al 5 AS>$
A^l$a$ (Vowels), $W]l 21 AS>$ $$
(Consonants).
BVS AS]l*Z B* AS> {MS]l$Q ]l

$]l (Serial number or positional value)]l$ VS$^lVSV>. As...
A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4, ..... X-24, Y-25, Z-26. Al lV> ]lMS Z B*
AS> {MS]l$Q]l$ VS$^lVSV>. As...
A-26, B-25, C-24, D-23, ..X-3, Y-2, Z-1

]lMS Z JMS AS {MS]l$ Q = 27 ]ll$ ]l$_ B AS {MS]l$ Q.
E: ]lMS Z 'E' {MS]l$ Q.
= 27 5 = 22;
]lMS Z 'C' {MS]l$ Q = 27 3 = 24
E: BVS AS]l*Z G AS>MS$ AlZ {$ MS*y Al AS>$V>

Es?
G) 9 ) 10
) 11yl) 12
(& {l$ 2009)
]l*]l: A, H, I, M, O, T, U, V, W, X Al "10' AS>MS$ AlZ {$
MS*y Al AS>$V> Es.
]l*]l:
E: D, G, J, M, , S.
]l*]l: AS> {Z {]lV> ]l$ AS> {MS]l$ Q ]l$l VS]l$^.
Page no #39
D
G
+3
J
+3
M
+3
P
+3
S
+3
As JMS AS ]l$_ ]lyl$ $ ]ll$MS$ l {Z l>l AS ]l$.

]l*]l: P ('M' ]l$_ ]lyl$ $ ]ll$MS$ l (N, O, P) 'P' ]l$)
E: W, R, M, H, C,
]l*]l:
W
R
5
M
H
C X
5
5 5
As JMS AS ]l$_ 5 $ l]lMSP l {Z l>l AS ]l $. M>st 'C' ]l$_

"5' $ l]lMSP l (B, A, Z, Y, X) 'X' ]l$. M>st ]l*]l: X
E: B, D, G, K, , V.
]l*]l:
B
D
+2
G
+3
K
+4
P
+5
V
+6
As JMS AS ]l$_ ]l$V> 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 $ ]ll$MS$ l l>l AS>$ ]l.

]l*]l: P
E: AN, BO, CP, DQ,
]l*]l: { lZ lls AS>$ (A, B, C, D) ]l$V> E. AVS y
AS>$ (N, O, P, Q) MS*y ]l$V> E.
]l*]l: ER
E: LMN, NOL, PQJ,
]l*]l: ]l$ Z B* AS> {MS]l$ Q ]l$l ]l$ VS]l$...
L
+2
+2
+2
+2
Q
J
+2 2
S
H
+2
]l*]l: RSH
E: NLK, JHG, , BZY.
]l*]l: ]l$ Z B* AS> {MS]l$Q ]l$l ]l$ VS]l$...

Page no #40
N
4
J
4
F
4
B
L
4
H
4
D
4
Z
K
4
G
4
C
4
Y
]l*]l: FDC
E: NLK, JHG, , YWV
]l*]l:
H
C
6
W
G
5
B
6
V
E
6
Y
]l*]l: ECB
E: AZBY, CXDW, , GTHS
({VS*&I, l$l l*yl &2008)
]l*]l:
D {]l$ O yl$ {$ _]l lV> B* AS> {MS]l$ Q ]l$l $ VS$_
^l]l^l$a. ()
]l$ Z lls, ]ly AS>$ A, B, C, D, , , G, H ]l$V> E.
M>st RZ E, F$ >. AVS y, ZY AS>]l$ ]lMS Z VS]l$...
S, T, , , W, X, Y, Z$ MS*y ]l$V> E. M>st R Z U, V$ ]l.
M>st ]l*]l: EVFU
E: NAOB, PCQD, , TGUH
({VS*&1,l$l 2008)
]l*]l: D {O {sl. O {]l$ _]l lV> ^^l$a B*
AS> {MS]l$Q ]l$l $ VS$_ ^^l$a.
N
+2
R
+2
T
+2
+2
E
+2
G
+2
D
+2
F
+2
H
+2 +2
S
+2
U
+2
Page no #41
]l*]l: RESF
E: BDFH, EHKJ, , KPUN, NTZP
]l*]l: B* AS> {MS]l$ Q ]l$l ]l$ VS]l$....
H
+3
K
+3
N
+3
+4
L
+4
P
+4
T
+4
J
+2
L
+2
N
+2
P
+5 +2
P
+5
U
+5
Z
+5
+3
]l*]l: HLPL
E: A, B, D, H,
]l*]l: B* AS> {MS]l$Q$ 1, 2, 4, 8. M>st l>l AS {MS]l$Q 16. 16]l

AS 'P'
]l*]l: P
E: X, L, F, .
]l*]l: B* AS> {MS]l$Q$ .. 24, 12, 6. M>st l>l AS {MS]l$Q =
6/2 = 3.
3]l AS 'C' ]l*]l:
E: A, D, I, P,
]l*]l: B* AS> {MS]l$Q$.. 1, 4, 9, 16 C ]l$
f Q ]l>Y$. M>st
l>l {MS]l$Q = 52 = 25; 25]l AS Y.
]l*]l: Y
E:
MS ]l$Z l]l AS>$ MS]l$MPyl.
DIL, GLO, JOR,
G) XAD
) GJM
) MRU yl) PSV
+3
J
+3
M
+3
+3
O
+3
R
+3
+3
R
+3
U
+3
Page no #42
l>l MRU >. ]l*]l:

E: MS sZ ]lOl$l MS]l$MPyl.
({VS*&I, 2002)
G) FJQP ) CGON
) HLTS yl) LPXW
]l*]l: { lZ ]l$ AS> {MS]l$Q ]l$l ]l$ VS]l$...
+4
+7
1
F
J
Q
P
+4
+8
1
C
G
O
N
+4
+8
+4
+8
H L T S
L P X W
M>st ]l*]l: G
E: MS {>MS ]lZ Ey]l AS H?
C M D O
, , ,
G R J ?
G) V ) S ) T yl) M
({VS*&I {l$, 2002)
]l*]l: AS> {MS]l$ Q ]l$l ]l$ VS]l$...
+4
+5
+6
C
G, M
R, D
J
+7
M>st 'O' ]l$_ 7 $ ]ll$MS$ l. As O V

]l*]l: G
E: I, X , J, W, K, V, L--C_a]l ${]l$ {Z C$yl E]l yl$ {$]l$ l$V> >...
i) I, J, K, L
ii)
X, W, V,
y {Z AS>]l$ ]lMS Z >>$.

]l*]l: U
E: B, F, J, P,
]l*]l: D AS> A^l$a l>l lrl ]l^la AS>$. As..
+1
+1
+1
+1
A
B, E
F, I
J, O
P
M>st l>l AS
+1
U
V
]l*]l: V
E: Z, D, H, , T
Page no #43
]l*]l: D AS> A^l$aMS$ lrl ]ll$yl AS>$. As..

1
1
1
1
A
Z, E
D, I
H, U
T
M>st ]l*]l
1
O
N
]l*]l: N
E: O, T, T, F, F, , S
]l*]l: D AS> One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six, Seven Al Z
lls AS>$.
]l*]l: S
E: S, M, T, W, T, , S
]l*]l: D AS> Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday,
Firday, SaturdayZ lls AS>$.
]l*]l: F
E: J, F, M, A, M, , J.
]l*]l: D AS> January, February, March, April, May, June, July
Z lls AS>$.
]l*]l: J
E: A, CD, GHI, , UVWXY
A
CD
+2
GHI
+3
MNOP
+4
UVWXY
+5
]l*]l: MNOP
E: MS sZ ]lOl$l?
({VS*&I {l$, 2003)
G) DGJM ) TWZ
) FHKN yl) XADG
]l*]l: { lZ ]l$ AS> {MS]l$Q ]l$l ]l$ VS]l$..
+3
+3
+3
D G J M
+3
+3
+3
Q
T
W
Z
+2
+3
+3
F
H
K
N
+3
+3
+3
X A D G
]l*]l:
Page no #44
]l Ai&1
]l AhZ MS*y l$$lr yl$ ]ll C$. s ]l$l E]l MS]l$MP
]l* VS$^. ]l AhZ D MS $ Ey^l$a.

l$$ls Q]l$ ]lY ^l* y QV> >$yl
l$$ls
Q ]l>YMS 1, 2 3 MSyl V> l$yl V> ^l * y QV>
>$yl
l$$ls Q ]l>YMS Al Q]l$ MSyl V>, l$yl V> ^l* yl]l QV>
>$yl
l$$ls
Q]l$ $]l ^l * y QV> >$yl, l$$ls Q $MS 1, 2 3
MSyl V> l$yl V> ^l*, y QV> >$yl, l$$ls Q $MS Al
Q]l$ MSyl V>, l$yl V> ^l* y QV> >$yl
l$$ls QMS$ HOl JMS Q]l$ MSyl l$yl VS$^lyl
W^lyl ^l y QV> >$yl
l$$ls Q ]l>YMS $MS HOl JMS Q]l$ MSyl V>, l$yl V>,
VS$^lyl V>, W^lyl V> ^l* y QV> >$yl
l$$ls Q]l$ HOl JMS Q^l VS$*, ]l$_ ]l$ Q]l$ l$yl
MSyl V> ^l* y QV> >$yl
l$$ls QZ AMS l$$ y QV> >$yl
C H lV>Ol B Q$ C]l]l^l$a. D Q]l$ D Z ]l*{ll$ C
Al l]l H$ l$ M>st $ H lZOl Ayl$VS]l^l$a. Cl]lMS$ O]l ^l]l M
ll$Z l$$ls QV> ^lMS$]l , y QV>; y QV> ^lMS$]l
l$$ls QV> C]l]l^l$a. EMS$ l$$lr ]lY Q C_a, ]lY]l y
QV> C]l]l^l$a. ]l AhO r$t >s D MS sO N~ gq
^.
1 ]l$_ 11 ]lMS$
$$
1 ]l$_ 35 ]lMS$ ]l>Y$
100 ]lMS$ {]l Q$
_]l _]l MS*ylMS$, ll$, VS$M> >$, VS>$ lVSV> ^l$yl.
f$l
Page no #45
*{$
]l AhZ M l>Z JMS {MS$ JMSs MS GMS$P]l ]l*$ ]l^la
A]lM> E. Al$Z H JMSs BlZ Es VS$^l]l^l$a. A ]l*$
Es ""O]l'' A _]l BlV> Er$. VS$^.
1)5 : 25 : : 7 : .........
G) 45 ) 47 ) 49yl) 51
]l*]l ()
5 ]lY 25 ; Al l V> 7 ]lY 49
2)4 : 18 : : 6 : ........
G) 38 ) 36 ) 34yl) 30
]l*]l (G)
42+2 = 16+2 = 18 Al l V>
62+2 = 36+2 = 38
3)12 : 140 : : 13 : ........
G) 160 ) 165 ) 169 yl) 173
]l*]l ()
122&4 = 144&4 = 140 Al l V>
132&4 = 169&4 = 165
4)7 : 56 : : 9 : .......
G) 81 ) 85 ) 90yl) 91
]l*]l ()
72+7 = 49+7 = 56 Al l V>
92+9 = 81+9 = 90
5)15 : 210 : : 16 : .......
G) 256 ) 225 ) 272 yl) 240
]l*]l (yl)
152&15 = 225&15 = 210 Al l V>
162&16 = 256&16 = 240
M E$ :
Page no #46
6)7 : 343 : : 9 : ........

G) 729 ) 81 ) 9 yl) 0
]l*]l (G)
73 = 343 ; Al l V> 93 = 729
7)4 : 68 : : 6 : .......
G) 42 ) 222 ) 216 yl) O]l
]l*]l ()
43+4 = 64+4 = 68 Al l V>
63+ 6 = 216+6 = 222
l8) 2 : 6 : : 4 : ........
G) 20 ) 16 ) 60yl) 64
]l*]l ()
23&2 = 8&2 = 6 Al l V>
43&4 = 64 & 4 = 60
9)9 : 45 : : 12 : .......
G) 24 ) 36 ) 48yl) 60
]l*]l (yl)
9 5 = 45 Al l V> 12 5 = 60
10) 84 : 42 : : 66 : ......
G) 36 ) 33 ) 30 yl) H M>l$
]l*]l ()
l$$ls QZ VS y ]l$
84
Al l V> 66 = 33
= 42
2
11) 3 : 7 : : 6 : ......
G) 12 ) 13 ) 14yl) 15
]l*]l ()
l$$ls Q]l$ 2 ^ll VS$_ 1 MS$.
3 2 + 1 = 7 Al l V> 6 2 + 1 =13
12) 9 : 35 : : 12 : .......
G) 36 ) 46 ) 47yl) 48
Page no #47
]l*]l ()
l$$ls Q]l$ 4 ^ll VS$_ 1 l>$
9 4&1 = 35 Al l V> 12 4&1 = 47
13) 342 : 9 : : 421 : .....
G) 6 ) 7 ) 8 yl) 9
]l*]l ()
l$$ls QZ AMS l$$l y Q
3 + 4 + 2 = 9 Al l V> 4 + 2 + 1= 7
14) 123 : 6 : : 234 : .......
G) 12 ) 24 ) 36yl) 48
]l*]l ()
l$$ls QZ AMS y Q 1 2 3 = 6
Al l V> 2 3 4 = 24
15) 16 : 64 : : 25 : .....
G) 50 ) 75 ) 115 yl) 125
]l*]l (yl)
l$$ls yl$ Q$ ]l$V>
42 : 43 Al l V> 52 : 53
53= 125
16) 6 : 36 : : 7 : ......
G) 42 ) 49 ) O yl$ yl) H M>l$
]l*]l ()
l$$ls Q]l$ "6' ^ll VS$ y Q ]l$.
6 6 = 36 Al l V> 7 6 = 42
42 JMS ]l*]l ]l$ MZ l$$ls Q ]lY y Q
62 = 36 Al l V> 72 = 49
D {MS$ JMS MZ 42, ]l$ MZ 49 ]l*]l A]l#l$$$. M>st ()
]l*]l A]l#l$.
Page no #48
]lz Ai&2
]lz Ai
]lz AiZ MS*y ]ll$ yl$ $ C$. D

]l$l Gs l E MS]l$MP, {Z VS ]ly
MS, BlZ VS H l As l E
MS]l$MP, ]l* ]lV> VS$^.
VSlZ l s SZ ]lz AiO ]l$]l {]l$
_, B* ]l$l MS lV> ^lM]l^l$a. A
]lMS $, ]l*]l A>$, l>$ & >f]l$$, l>$ & MS, >$ &
>f]l$$, l AlS$$, >l$$, {]l ]l${l$$, l M> $, $ ^l
]l$$, $ yl ]l$]l#$, l M> ]l$]l#$, sZ V>$.. C ^l#l* l
G A>$ Es.
MS$r$:
1. ^l{l$yl$ : E{VS : : *$ : ____

G) *$yl$ ) {VS
) MS$r$ yl) Bt>yl
]l*]l : ()
^l{l$yl$ E{VSOl$l, *$ {VS A]l#l$.
2. *$yl$ : *$ : : *$ : _____
G) {VS ) E{VS
) ^l{l$yl$ yl) *$yl$
]l*]l : ()
*$ ^l$r*t *$ $VS$l$. Al lV> *$ ^l$r*t ^l{l$yl$ $VS$yl$.
{MS:
3. #]l# : lVSY : : lMSP : _____
(Zr l$lgl$s 1996)
G) l l] ) $_
{]l*$ (Units)
Page no #49
) #]l# yl) M]l$
]l*]l : (G)
#]l#MS$ ]ll$ * lVSY Al lV> lMSPMS$ ]ll$ * l]l.
]l* ]l : ___
4. ]l{l : $ : :
({r GMSg 1994)
G) {hr ) ]l$^l$VSylz
) lyl) VS$
]l*]l : ()
]l{lZ $ Er$. Al lV> ]l* ]lZ ]l$^l$VSylz Er$.
5. : : : MS : ______
(Ats {VSyl 1994)
G) MS ) MS
) l yl) E
]l*]l : ()
l*$^lyl$. Al lV> MS >yl$.
6. l* : MSZ$r$ : : M> : ____

G) VSr$) ]l$$
) VSyl* yl) O]l
]l*]l : (G)
l* {]l* MSZ$r$ Al lV> M> {]l* VSr
MS>$ & Ml$
7. A$r : MSs : : *MS : ____

G) *MS$ ) ]l{l Zl$
) lVS yl) H M>l$
]l*]l : (G)
A$r]l$ MSs M]lyMS E* W. Al lV> *MS *MS
{]ll]l$ M]lyMS E *W.
i]l> & ]lYMS
Page no #50
8. ]l*]l]l#$
:
S$
:
:
]l$
G) S$ ) E$^l>$
) $ yl) S$$
]l*]l : ()
]l*]l]l#$ S gMS ^l]l g. ]l$ MS$ ^l]l.
_____
]l$]l#MS$ _]l MS:

9. ______ : MS]l$ : : M> : ____ : : _____ : #MS
({VS*&1 1983&84)
G) MS]l$, ]l$, MS]l

) MS$, E, M>Wl
) ^l*#, l, AS>$
yl) MSs, lO ^l, ^ll$$
]l*]l : (G)
MS]l$ MS]l$]l$, M> ]l$]l$, MS]l #M> M>yl.
$&$ yl ]l$]l#$:
10.
yMSt : PlP : : O l$ : _____
G) ]l]l$ ) r$
) ]l yl) VS
]l*]l : (yl)
yMSt yl ]l$]l# PlP. Al lV> Ol$ yl ]l$]l# VS.
$&$ ^l :
11.
Eyl$ : u> : : yMSt : ___
G) Oll ) C$
) r yl) ]l$l$$
]l*]l : ()
Eyl$ ^l u>. Al lV> yMSt ^l r
$& El]l$:
Page no #51
12.
l j : ^M>P : : ^ll : _____
G) ]l$ ) M>Wl
) ]l]l yl) O]l
]l*]l : ()
lj ^M>P]l$ l*$^lyl$. AVS ^ll ]l]l]l$ l*$^lyl$. (>yl$).
]lz AiZ >]lyMS A]lM> E]l {$, VSlZ ]l_a]l {]l$ ^. ]lz
Ai As Cs ]lMS$ ^lMS$]l A> M>]l#. f]l tylZ VS H A ]l$O^l ]lz
AiZ { >]l^l$a.
]l* {$
1.
Engagement : Marriage : : ____ : _____ ({VS*&1 2008 {l$)
a) Talk : Exaggeration
b) Success : Failure
c) Explosion : Destruction
d) Boy : Man
2.
Good : Excellent : : _____ : _____
({VS*&1 2008)
a) Hill : Mountain
b) Bad : Immoral
c) Jealousy : Respect
d) Caution : Careless
3.
Liquor : Drink Al l JMS MSOl$]l , MS flZ, H
$ l$g?
({VS*&1 2008)
a) Tea : Beverage
b) Bread : Jam
c) Snuff : Inhale
d) Cloths : Beauty
4. JMS yMSt MS]l V> ]l$^l $yl. Al JMS AM>/ lMS {$$?
({VS*&1 2007)
G) VSl]l) ^lrt
) l yl) $
5. #MS llr "*$MS' ]l$. #MS _]lZ ]l^la?
Page no #52
({VS*&1 2007)
Skin : Muscle : : Bone : _____
8.
G) l) E
) Elyl) $*_MS
6. BMS$^la >MSMSZ, ]ly *_^lyMS VS$$. O]lZ ]lS{$/ t$ l
*_?
({VS*&1 2007)
G) Z)
) S yl) Alt
7. ^ Ol>lZ E. >MS V>zl GMSPyl E?
({VS*&1 2007)
G) Ai ) Z
) l yl) ^llVSl
({VS*&1 1983&84)
a) Bloodb) Calcium
c) Marrowd) Veins
9.
Letter : _____ : : ____ : Sentence
({VS*&1 1983&84)
a) Mail, Words
b) Word, Phrase
c) Correspondence, Court
d) Alphabets, Words
10.
______ is to sentence as sentence is to ______
a) Crime, Judgement
b) Word, Paragraph
c) Jurry, Prose
d) Words, Legal
]l*$
1 2 G 3 G 4 G 5
6 G 7 yl 8 9 10
]l- Ay r A--h
Page no #53
]l$]l Cl-MS$-]ll$ ]lz A--h VS$_ ^la^l$-MS$-. D u>Z B--s A--h,

l- A--h- VS$_ l$a-MS$. C {VS* 1 l$-l--Z]l*, {VS* 2 f]l-- tyl--Z-]l*
l-MS$y ]l$-]l A>$.
A--s A--h
D -VSZ ]l^la {-$ lVSV> ^l*-s CW- B---s O ]l$_ r$t ^--. D
MS A>--O N-~ A]l-V>--]l ^l$-M--.
A ]l$_ Z ]l-MS$; Z ]l$_ A ]l--MS$ lVSV> ^ll-]l-VS--V>-.
A ]l$_ Z ]l-MS$ s ]l --$-]l-$ (Position numbers) As A-1, B-2, C-3,
........... X-24, Y-25, Z-26 A lr-l ^l-VS--V>-.
Z ]l$_ A ]l-MS$ s -VS-]l$-]l ]l --$-]l-$ (Position numbers in reverse
order) As Z-1, Y-2, X-3, .........C-24, B-25, A-26 A lVSV> ^l-VS--V>.
CW--Z A^l$a--$ (Vowels) A, E, I, O, U$ l$a-M--.
CW-$ AS->- ]l --$-]l-$ $-V> l$a-M-]l-yl, VS$$^l$-M-]l-yl VS$_ r- --- BtMS--Z E-. -B---s A--h-Z ]ll$-V> JMS fl AS->- ]l- C-$. s ]l$l
E]l - MS]l$-MP-, Al l E]l ]l$ fl AS->- --]l-- ]l*--]lV>
VS$^-.
M E----$
1)
ABC : GHI : : MNO : ______
a) RST b) STU
c) TUV d) UVW
]l*--]l (b)
ll-s {VS*#- ABCZ { AS- 6 -$ ]ll$-MS$ f-V>-.
A ]l--$-]l 1; 1 + 6 = 7 = G
B ]l--$-]l 2; 2 + 6 = 8 = H
C ]l--$-]l 3; 3 + 6 = 9 = I
AllV> MNOZ { AS- 6 $ ]ll$-MS$ f-V>-.
M ]l--$-]l 13; 13 + 6 = 19 = S
N ]l--$-]l 14; 14 + 6 = 20 = T
O ]l--$-]l 15; 15 + 6 = 21 = U
M>]l#-]l ]l*--]l STU
2)
ACE : DFH : : PRT : ______
a) SUWb) VXZ
c) RTV d) UWY
]l*--]l (a)
Page no #54
ll-s {VS*#-Z { AS- 3 -$ ]ll$-MS$ f-V>-.

Al--lV> PRTZ
P ]l--$-]l 16, 16 + 3 = 19 = S
R ]l--$-]l 18, 18 + 3 = 21 = U
T ]l--$-]l 20, 20 + 3 = 23 = W
M>]l#-]l ]l*--]l SUW
3)
RAT : QSZBSU : : HOT : ______
a) GIMNSUb) GINPRS
c) GINPSU d) GNIPUS
]l*--]l (c)
ll-s {VS*# RAT lZ- { AS->--MS l$-$-V> -- ]ll$ AS-, l>-l AS-
>>$. R]l$ QSV>, A]l$ ZBV>, T]l$ SUV> >>-$.
AllV> HOT Z H]l$ ]ll$ AS- G, l>-l AS- IV> As H]l$ GIV>,
O]l$ NPV>, T]l$ SUV> >*-.
M>]l#-]l ]l*--]l GINPSU A]l#-l$.
4)
AdE : aDe : : BeF : ______
a) BEF b) bEF
c) BEf d) bEf
]l*--]l (d)
ll-s {VS*# AdE Z- l AS->--]l$ _]l AS->-$-V>, -_-]l AS->--]l$ l AS->-$-V> >>-
$.
Al--lV> BeF]l$ bEfV> >$-]l-^l$a.
5)
NPRT : MKIG : : ______ : ______
a) ACEG : ZXVT
b) ACEG : ZWVT
c) ACFG : ZXVT
d) ADEG : ZXVT
Page no #55
]l*--]l (a)
ll-s {VS*# NPRT Z- { AS->- -VS-]l$-]l ]l--$-]l {M>-, B AS->- >->-$.
N ]l--$-]l 14; -VS-]l$-]l ]l--$-]l
27 4 = 13
13]l AS- M
P ]l--$-]l 16; -VS-]l$-]l ]l--$-]l
27 16 = 11
11]l AS- K
R ]l--$-]l 18; -VS-]l$-]l ]l--$-]l
27 18 = 9
9]l AS- I
T ]l--$-]l 20; -VS-]l$-]l ]l--$-]l
27 20 = 7
7]l AS- G
M>]l#-]l NPRT]l$ MKIG-V> >>-$.
Al--lV> ACEG-Z
A ]l--$-]l 1; -VS-]l$-]l ]l--$-]l
27 1 = 26
26]l AS- Z
C ]l--$-]l 3; -VS-]l$-]l ]l--$-]l
27 3 = 24
24]l AS- X
E ]l--$-]l 5; -VS-]l$-]l ]l--$-]l
27 5 = 22
22]l AS- V
G ]l--$-]l 7; -VS-]l$-]l ]l--$-]l
27 7 = 20
20]l AS- T
M>]l#-]l ]l*--]l ACEG : ZXVT A]l#-l$.
Note :
A ]l$_ Z ]l-MS$ s ]l--$-]l-$ A-1, .......Z-26 A l$a-MS$s ^$. -VS-]l$-]l
]l--$-]l-$ Z-1, ..... A-26 A l$a-M-]l-]l A]l-- l$.
M> -VS-]l$-]l ]l-$-]l-$ M>-s 27 ]l$_ B AS- A-$ ]l--$-]lPage

-]l$ no#56
-l-
]l$.
E :
A ]l--$-]l 1, -VS-]l$-]l ]l--$-]l

27 1 = 26 A]l#-l$.
M ]l--$-]l 13, -VS-]l$-]l ]l--$-]l
27 13 = 14 A]l#-l$.
T ]l--$-]l 20, -VS-]l$-]l ]l--$-]l
27 20 = 7 A]l#-l$.
6)
MNO : NPR : : ______ : ______
a) RST : SUW b) RST : SUV
c) RST : STU d) RST : TVX
]l*--]l (a)
ll-s {VS*# MNOZ ll-s AS- JMS ]l, yl-]l AS- yl$ -$, ]lyl-]l A-S-
Al--lV>
RSTZ
M + 1 = 14 = N
N + 2 = 16 = P
O + 3 = 18 = R
]lyl$ -$ ]ll$-MS$ f-V>-.
R + 1 = 19 = S
S + 2 = 21 = U
T + 3 = 23 = W
M>]l#-]l ]l*--]l RST : SUW A]l#--l$.
7)
IJK : KHM : : PQR : ______
a) ROT b) ROP
c) RST d) RTV
]l*--]l (a)
ll-s {VS*# IJKZ ll-s AS- yl$ $, y AS- yl$ -$ l]l-MS-MS$,
]ly A-S- yl$ -$ ]ll$-MS$

f-V>-.
I + 2 = 11 = K
J2=8=H
K + 2 = 13 = M
Page no #57
Al--lV>
P + 2 = 18 = R
Q 2 = 15 = O
R + 2 = 20 = T
M>]l#-]l ]l*--]l ROT A]l#--l$.
8)
EGIK : FILO : : FHJL : ______
a) GMJP b) GJMP
c) JGMP d) JGPM
]l*--]l (b)
ll-s {VS*# EGIKZ ll-s AS- JMS ]l, y AS- yl$ -$, ]ly A-S-
]l-yl$ -$, ZY AS- $-VS$

-$ ]ll$-MS$ f-V>-.
Al-lV> FHJLZ
F+1=7=G
H + 2 = 10 = J
J + 3 = 13 = M
L + 4 = 16 = P
M>]l#-]l ]l*--]l GJMP A]l#--l$.
9)
LMNO : ONML : : PQRS : ______
a) QPSR b) RQPS
c) SRPQ d) SRQP
]l*--]l (d)
ll-s {VS*#Z AS->--]l$ l]l-MS- ]l$_ >>-$.LMNO]l$ l- l] M- S ]l$_ A]lV- > ONMLV>
>>-$.-A-llV>PQRS-]l$SRQP-V> >$]l-^l$a.
MylV Ay yl MylV-&2
Page no #58
1. JMS {lMSOl$]l Myl Z 'MANGO' ]l$ 'NZMTL'

V> > Al Myl Z 'GRAPE' ]l$ H l V>
>$?
a) HSBQF
b) FQZOD
c) EPARG
d) TIZKV
MANGO Al lZ AS>]l$ s ]l OylSlZ
>>$.
MANGO
]l BzZ
]l $]l$142613 20 12
N ZMT L
'MANGO' Al lZ AS> ]l $]l$ ]l BzZ l$$M, B ]l $]l
A$ AS>$ >$yl ]l 'NZMTL' Al Myl l ]l_a.

GRA P E
]l BzZ
]l $]l$20926 11 22
T I ZKV
So GRAPE]l$ Al Myl Z 'TIZKV'V> >$]l^l$a. M>st ]l*Page

]lno
#59
(d)
A]l#l$.
2. JMS {lMS Myl Z 'LOVE']l$ 'OLEV'V> > Al Myl Z MARRIAGE]l$
HlV> >$?
a) AMRRAIEG
b) RRAMEGAI
c) NZIIRZTV
d) O]l
(i) LO VE OLEV >>$. As lls yl$ AS>]l$ 'LO']l$ $]l*$ ^l

'OL'V> >>$. B l>l ylS>$ 'VE' $]l*$ ^l
'EV'V> >>$. AllV>
MARRIAGEZ { ylS>]l$ $]l*$ ^l >

M A R R I A G E
E G
A M R R A I
So MARRIAGE AMRRAIEGV> >^l$a.

ii)LOVE Al lZ $VSS>Z lls VS AS>]l$ ]l BzZ >, l>l
_]l AS>]l$ ]l BzZ >>$.

LO / VE OLEV
AllV> MARRIAGE >

MARR/IAGE RPAMEGAI A]l#l$.
iii) LOVE Al lZ AS>]l$ ]l Bz ]l $]l {M> >
L O V E
]l BzZ
]l $]l$ 15 12 5
22
Page no #60

O L E V
AllV> MARRIAGE >

MARR I AGE
20 22
$]l$ N Z I I R Z T
]l
BzZ1426991826
]l
So MARRIAGE {M> NZIIRZTVV> >^l$a.
As i) {M> ]l*]l (a)
ii) {M> ]l*]l (b)
iii) {M> ]l*]l (c)
M>st O {MS$ (d) O]l Al O]l ]l*]l A]l#l$.
MylV Ay ylMylV&3
Page no #61
]l MylV
Cl$-Z
BVS AS->--]l$, ]l--]l$ JMS---MS ]l$-MS-s A]l--* {$ C$. VS$]l
lV> C]l-]l-^l$a.
JMP AS->--MS s ]l $-]l-$ (Position Numbers) (A1,
BVSlZ-
B2, C3,.............. Z26) C]l-l] ^- l $a B A-S - >- l] $-l] -M- S $ 1, 2, 3 ......
MS$-#-l* (+) -l-* (&) { AylVS-]l-^l$a.
-lZ- JMP AS->--MS VS]l$]l Z -s ]l--$-]l-$ S(Position
B-VS-
numbers in reverse order) (Z1, Y2, X3, ..............A26) C]lyl- -
B-VS--lZ-
M>-, s-MS H-Ol- ]l-$ MS$-#-l* -l-* {$ C]l-]l-^l$a.

AS->- ]l $-]l-$ ll MS$-#-l* VS$-* M-yl-V> C]l-]l-^l$a. C
MS$-#-l*-/-VS$--* ]l_a-]l Q- ]l$_ lZ- AS->- -Q-]l$ MS--yl M>... -l-$-
yl M>... VS$^l-yl M>... W^l-yl M> ^l$-]l^l$a.
M E$ :
1. JMS {lMSOl$]l Myl Z TREATMENT]l$ 123415361V> >, Al Z

RENT]l$ H l V> >?
a) 1234
b) 2361
c) 1261
d) 2316
]l*--]l (b)
PageZ
noJMP
#62
RENTZ E]l A AS- >-$ TREATMENTZ E-. TREAT-MENT
AS->- JMP Myl-]l-- *_^l-yl f-W.

TREA TMEN T

12 3 4 1 5 3 6 1
Al$]l RENT]l$ 2361V> >.
2. JMS {lMSOl$]l Myl Z SAKSHI 19-1-11-19-8-9 ^l *_- NEWS ]l$ H

l V> >?
]l*--]l (a)
a) 14-5-23-19
b) 13-22-4-8
c) 19-1-11-19
d) 11-19-8-9
SAKSHI Al lZ- AS->- --]l--$-]l-$ S-19, A-1, K-11, S-19, H-8, I-9
]l$ Myl-V> >*. Al--lV> NEWS > N-14, E-5, W-23, S-19 A]l#-l$.
NEWS 14 - 5 - 23 - 19
3. JMS {lMSOl$]l Myl Z TEACHER ]l$ 7-22-26-24-19-22-9V> > Al Myl- - Z STUDENT H l V> > $?
a) 19-20-21-4-5-14-20
b) 20-14-5-4-21-20-19
c) 8-7-6-23-22-13-7
d) 8-7-6-4-5-14-20
]l*--]l (c)
Page no #63
TEACHER Al lZ- AS->-]l$ VS]l$]l Z --]l--$-]l-$ T-7, E-22,
A-
26, C-24, H-19, E-22, R-9]l$ MylV> *^l$M. AVS STUDENT
> S-8, T-7, U-6, D-23, E-22, N-13, T-7 A]l#-l$.

STUDENT 8-7-6-23-22-13-7
4. JMS {lMSOl$]l Myl Z SUPER]l$ 79V> > Al Myl- - - Z EARLY H l V>
>$?
a) 79
b) 69
c) 65
d) 61
]l*--]l (d)
SUPER Al lZ- AS->- --]l-$]l- ll 79.

SUPER = 19 + 21 + 16 + 5 + 18 = 79
AVS EARLY - >- EARLY = 5 + 1 + 18 + 12 + 25 = 61 A]l#-l$.
5. JMS {lMSOl$]l Myl Z RUN]l$ 50V> > Al Myl- - - Z WALK]l$ H l V>

>$?
a) 47
b) 43
c) 51
d) 50
]l*--]l (b)
RUN Al lZ- AS->- --]l--$-]l- ll ]l$_ AS->- Q--]l$ l 50
]l$.
Page no #64
RUN = 18 + 21 + 14 = 53,
53 - 3 = 50
AVS WALK = 23 + 1 + 12 + 11 = 47 A]l#-l$.

47 4 = 43
6. JMS {lMSOl$]l Myl Z VICTORY 16V> > Al Myl- - - Z HOTEL]l$ H
lV> >$?
a) 12
b) 60
c) 55
d) 65
]l*--]l (a)
W^l-V> 16 ]l$.
VICTORY Al lZ- AS->- --]l--$-]l-$ A MS- - AS->- Q-
VICTORY = 22 + 9 + 3 + 20 + 15 + 18 + 25 = 112
112/7 = 16
Al-lV> HOTEL = 8 + 15 + 20 + 5 +12 = 60

60/5 = 12
Substitution
Cl$-Z {---- Myl -Z ]l$-MS l *_^. ]l$]l-MS$ M>--]l - D Myl-Z H l *_^-- ]l$]l l$-$-M--.-
M E$ :
1. M>-W-- #-MSV>-..., #-M>- ]l$-V>..., -]l$--]l$ Z$z-V>-..., Z$z-]l$ l--VS- VS-V>- --,
]l$]l l- >?
Page no #65
a) #-MS
b) -]l$
c) -Z-$z
d) -M>-W-l
]l*--]l (c)
C-s {-$ -]l-_a-]l--yl$- ]l-l$-V> _]l--Z E]l {-MS$ ]l$]l-MS$ l--]l -Z ]l*--
]l MS]l$-MP--.
]l$]l l- >? & ]l$
D ]l$-]l$ H]l$- $-- C-_a-]l ]lZ ^-. ]l$-]l$ Z$z-V> $--$ A
E. M>-st ]l$]l Z$z- >.
2. JMS-l- s- -VS$-V>-..., -VS$-]l$ G$-#-V>-..., G$-#-]l$ l$-#-V>-..., l$-#-]l$ BM>V>-..., BM>->- ]lV>..., ]l>- BMS$--^la-VS$-V>-..., BMS$--^la--VS$-]l$ V>--V>- -,
$ H VS$-Z Es-.
a) -B-M>-
b) l-$-#
c) -G-$-#
d) -]l-
]l*--]l (a)
]l$-]l-MS$ l--]l -Z $ H VS$-Z E-s-?

& -l-$-#
Page no #66
l$-#-]l$ BM>-V>- $--$.
M>-st $ BM>- VS$-Z Es-.
MylV Ay yl MylV&4
Page no #67
D l*ylZ yl$, ]lyl$ $VS$ CX$ M>$

C$. s ]l*MSV> Myl Z M>$ C$.
l>l CX M>Z H JMS , Myl Z l
*_$ A { Ayl$VS$$.
CMSPyl ]lQV> VS]l$^]l $ CX MS >, Myl MS > JMS
lV> Eyll$. CXZ lls , MylZ lls lV> ^l >l$. CMSPyl
AylW]l l, H$ M>Z M>]l$lV> ]l_a ^l*, B M>MS$ _]l Myl
M>Z M>]l$lV> E]l $M.
E$
1. JMS {lMSOl$]l Myl Z `Ra We Pa' As `He is coming' ; `Pa Ta Me'
As `She is eating' Al B Myl Z ìs' ]l$ H l *_?
a) Ra
c) Pa
b) We
d) Me
]l*]l : "c"
ìs' Al
l yl$ CX M>Z M>]l$lV> ]l_a. D yl$ M>Z MS*y ìs'
$]l l H l MS*y M>]l$lV> l$. M>st ìs' MS$ _]l Myl MS*y B yl$
Myl M>Z Er$.
yl$ Myl M>Z M>]l$lV> ]l_a]l l `Pa'. M>st ìs' ]l$ B Myl Z `Pa' ^l
*_.
2. JMS {lMSOl$]l Myl Z `ni tim si' As `how are you?' ; `ble ni si' As
Page no
`where are you?' Al B Myl Z `where' Al l *_
?#68
a) ble
c) si
b) ni
d) tim
]l*]l : "a"
`where' Al
l y MSZ E. y MSZ `where' $]l $VS A
$ lls MSZ E. M>st `where'MS$ _]l Myl y Myl
MSZ Ey. A $]l $VS $ A lls MSZ Es.
lls MSZ MS$y MS]l y MSZ E]l l `ble'. M>st `where' ]l$
`ble' *_$.
3. JMS {lMSOl$]l Myl Z
`tee see pee' As `Drink fruit juice'
`see kee lee' As `Juice is sweet'
`lee ree mee' As `He is intelligent'
Al D Myl Z `Sweet']l$ H l *_?
a) see b) kee
c) lee d) pee
]l*]l : "b"
lls, y M>Z M>]l$lV> E]l l `Juice'. Al lV> M>]l$lV> E]l Myl

`see' M>st `Juice' ]l$ `see' *_.
y, ]ly M>Z M>]l$lV> E]l l ìs'. AllV> M>]l$lV> E]l Myl `lee'.
M>st ìs' ]l$ `lee' *_.
yl]l MSZ `juice' ]l$ `see' ]l$ ìs' ]l$ `lee' *_.
4. JMS {lMSOl$]l Myl Z
Page no #69
`bi nie pie' As `some good jokes'

`nie bat lik' As `some real stories'
`pie lik tol' As `many good stories'
b) nie
c) pie
d) ^l
]l*]l : "a"
a) bi
Al Al Myl Z `Jokes' Al l *_$?
lls, y M>Z M>]l$lV> E]l l `some', M>]l$lV> E]l Myl `nie' As
`some' ]l$ `nie' Al Myl *_.
lls, ]ly M>Z M>]l$lV> E]l l `good'. M>]l$lV> E]l Myl `pie'.
M>st lls MSZ `some' ]l$ `nie' , `good' l]l$ `pie' *_ $W]l
l `jokes' ]l$ `bi' *_.
5. JMS {lMSO l $]l Myl Z "247' As `spread red carpet', "256' As `dust
one carpet', "236' As òne red carpet', Al B Myl Z `dust' ]l$
l *_?
a) 2
c) 5
b) 3
d) 6
]l*]l : "c"
lls, y M>Z M>]l$lV> E]l l `carpet', M>]l$lV> E]l Myl `2',
`carpet' ]l$ `2' *_.
y, ]ly M>Z M>]l$lV> E]l $ òne carpet'; M>]l$lV> E]l Myl$ 2,

6; `carpet code' "2' A l$$ M>st òne code' "6' A]l#l$.
Page no #70
"dust one carpet' Z $W]l

l `dust'. M>st `dust' Myl "5' A]l#l$.
6. JMS Myl Z "479' As `fruit is sweet', 248 As `very sweet voice', 637
As èat fruit daily'. A$$l B Myl Z is ]l$ l *_$?
a) 7
b) 9
c) 4
d) ^l
]l*]l : "b"
l$$ls, y M>Z M>]l$lV> E]l l `sweet', M>]l$lV> E]l Myl "4' M>st
`sweet' ]l$ 4
*_.
l$$ls, ]ly M>Z M>]l$l E]l l "fruit', M>]l$lV> E]l Myl 7, M>st sweet
]l$ "7' *_.
l$$ls MSZ $W]l l ìs', M>st is ]l$ "9' *_.
7. JMS {lMSO l $]l Myl Z "256' As `red colour chalk'. "589' As `green
colour flower', 245 As `white colour chalk' A$$l Al Myl Z `white'
]l$ H AMS^l *_.

a) 2
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6
]l*]l : "b"
]ly MSZ white $]l $VS A $ l$$ls MSZ E$$. M>st
`white'MS$ _]l Myl $]l $VS A Myl* l$$ls Z Es$$. ]ly
MS Myl 245 Z 2, 5 $ l$$ls MylZ E$$. M>st `white' Myl "4' A]l#l$.
8. JMS {lMSO l $]l Myl Z "157' As `mother always affectionate', "619' As
no #71
àlways fortunate future', "952' As `mother very fortunate'Page
A$$
lB
Myl Z `future' ]l$ H Myl l. *_?

a) 9
b) 6
c) 1
d) ^l
]l*]l : "b"
l$$ls, y MSZ M>]l$lV> E]l l àlways', M>]l$lV> E]l Myl "1' M>st
`fortunate', M>]l$lV> E]l Myl 9.
àlways' ]l$ "1'

*_. y, ]ly M>Z M>]l$lV> E]l l
y MS àlways fortunate future' Z àlways code' "1' V>, `fortunate'
Myl "9' A l. M>st $W]l `future' Myl "6' A]l#l$.
9. JMS {lMSO l $]l Myl Z "268' As èquality and prosperity', "839' As

`prosperity nasty position' "361' As èquality respected position'
A$$l Myl "2' H *_$.

b) and
d) equality
a) respected
c) prosperity
]l*]l : "b"
l$$ls Myl "268' Z "2' $]l 6,8 $ ]ly, y M>Z ]lâ$$. M>st "2' $]l
6, 8 A$ $ ]ly, y M>Z ]l$$. l$$ls MSZ Eyl, ]ly,
y M>Z l ànd' M>st Myl "2' ]l$ and *_$.
10. JMS {lMSO l $]l Myl Z "253' As `books are old'. "546' As `man is old',
"378' As `buy good books'. B Myl Z are ]l$ l *_$.
a) 2
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6
Page no #72
]l*]l : "a"
`books are old' Z àre' $]l $VS yl$ $ y, ]ly M>Z
]lâ$$. Al l V> Myl 253 Z "2' $]l 5, 3 $ $VS yl$ M>Z ]lâ$$
M>]l#]l àre' Myl "2' A]l#l$.
MylVS Ayl ylMylVS&5
Page no #73
HOl ]l*^> JMS ]lMS ]l$ ]lMSMS ^ll$-y--MS JMS

]l*l]l$ Ey. B-]l*l-]l$-l$ . {^lV> M
S $ E.
M l>Z J-MS ]l*^> V> ]l$MSMS
l$g*s, B MSPMS l$Ol Ey. A
A G]lMS l$ {^l, f, l $ l$aM ]l*syl, A ]l Cl
]lMS$$, l]l$ ${l$ > ]l l$$Ml A]lM> E. G]l$ G {$$
^l ]l l$$ MMS$y Eys $ JMS
MSst. M> C
$$Ol]l $ M>l$. JMS Ml l*$^l$y--MS M S $ t^. s
VS$$^l$M. MS >$ l*$ ^l*. ]l$ ]l$$s. M>st C-l
MSt-l.
M>- G]lMS A M>MS$y ]l*^ > Cl$MS$ ^ll*s, {$l {^lZ E]l
S Z H JMS B. MS ]l*$$ ^l, B ]l*$MS]l$VS$V>
]l*>a. "MylVS' As$.
"MylVS'Z E]l ]l$ M> ]l$ ]l$]lMS$ A]l$$ ZMS ]l*ay "ylMylVS'
As$.
D MylVS & ylMylVS]l$ $r, M>, ]l, Cl S lZ E *W$$.
Al M>MS$y ]l l$M> $$, Cl $$ MS*y D MylVS, ylMylVS]l$
E*W$. Cs]l M>Z ]lMSOr$, {]ll$$ MS*y yl$-l$$.
>, g$ Z fVS l s SZ MylVS, ylMylVSZ BVS ]l$, AMS]l$
BV> ^l$M {$ C$.
MylVS, ylMylVS AO l l*ylZ {$ ]l$. s .
LETTER CODING
r MylVSZ AS>]l$, l AS> *_$. Cl$Z AS>]l$ l>l AS>

M>, MS ]ll$]l AS> sMS H ]l*{l l AS> *_$.
1. JMS {lMS Z GOAL]l$ HPBM *_, Al Myl Z REACH]l$ l
*_$?
G) QDZBG ) SFBDI
) SFDEI yl) O]l
]l*]l : ()
GOAL Al lZ { AS> l>l AS *_^$.
Page no #74
G O AL

H PB M
Al l V> REA CH Al lZ { AS> l>l AS *_ R]l$ SV>;

E]l$ FV>; A]l$ BV>; C]l$ DV>; H]l$ IV> >*. Ayl$ REACH Al
l Myl
'SFBDI' A]l#l$.
2. JMS {lMS Myl Z SIKKIM]l$ THLJJLV> > TRAINING H l V>
>$?
G) SQBHOHOH
) UQBHOHOF
) UQBJOHHO
yl) UQBJOHOH
]l*]l : ()
SIKKIM Al lZ l$$ls AS l$$l$M, JMS l>l JMS AS, JMS ]l
]ll$MS$, JMS ]l l]l$MSMS$ f$VS$l$$$.
H J
L

SI K K I M

T L
J
Al l V> TRAINING Al l Z T UV>, R]l$ QV>, A]l$ BV>, I]l$ HV>,
N]l$ OV>, I]l$ HV>, N]l$ OV>, G]l$ FV> >. . UQBHOHOF Al ]l*]l
A]l#l$.
3. JMS {lMS Myl Z SIGMA]l$ T K J Q FV> > Al Myl Z OMEGA]l$
H lV> >$?
G) POHKF ) PNFHB
Page no #75
) POGIC yl) H M>l$.
]l*]l: (G)
SIGMA Al lZ l$$ls AS 'S' JMS l] , y AS I yl$ $, ]ly
AS 'G' ]lyl$ $, ZY AS M $VS$ $, I AS 'A' Il$ $
]ll$MS$ fV>$$.
D {]l$ CM> $V> ^l*s D AS> l] $]l$ >, sMS ]l$V> 1, 2,
3, 4, 5$ MSV> MlV > ]l^la Q BV> B AS>$ >*.
S I GMA
s ]l $]l$19 9 7 13 1
MS]l Q$1 2 3 4 5
MSV> ]l_a]l 20 1110
17 6
Ml Q$
TKJ QF
Cl l V> OMEGA]l$ >
OMEG A
s ]l $]l$15 13 5 7 1
MS]l Q$1 2 3 4 5
MSV> ]l_a]l 16 158 11 6
Ml Q$
POHKF
4. JMS {lMS Myl Z UPDATE]l$ PUADETV> > Al Myl Z
SERVICES]l$ H lV> >$?
G) TFSWJDFT ) ESVRCISE
) SECIVRES yl) O]l
]l*]l: ()
{ yl$ AS>]l$ $]l*$ ^l* >>$.
5. JMS {lMS Myl Z ENGLISH]l$ HSILGNEV> > Al Myl Z
TELUGU]l$ H lV> >$?
G) WHOXJX ) ETULUG
) UGULET yl) ^l
]l*]l: ()
no #76
ENGLISHZ E]l AS>]l$ ]l BzZ >$yl ]l HSILGNE ]lPage
_a.
Al
l V> TELUGU]l$ ]l Bz Z > UGULET ]l$.
MylVS, ylMylVS $l ]l^la {$ ^l*s MS A>O r$t ^

1. A ]l$_ Z ]lMS$, Z ]l$_ A ]lMS$ lVSV> ^ll]lVSV>.
2. A ]l$_ Z ]lMS$ s l] $]l$ (position numbers) As A1, B2, C3,
........... Y25, Z26 l$aM.
3. Z ]l$_ A ]lMS$ s VS]l$]l ]l $]l$ (Reverse Position Numbers)
As Z1, Y2, X3, ........... B25, A26 l$y.
4. A ]l$_ Z ]lMS$ s VS]l$]l ]l AS>$ (Reverse Position Letters) As
A VS]l$]l ]l AS Z, B VS]l$]l ]l AS Y, CX, ............ YB, ZA
l$y.
MS*MSs (KP) Ml r (KP) VS$$^l$MS$s K VS]l$]l ]l AS P A P
VS]l$]l ]l AS K A VS$$^l$M]l^l$a.
l]l* ClMSt (RI) VS$$^l$MS$s R VS]l$]l ]l AS I A l$$.
{^lZ A]l]lV>, AlMS >*$ E*W^l l LOVE. D
]l$]l]l ^l$MS$s L VS]l$]l ]l AS O A V VS]l$]l ]l AS E A
VS$$^l$M]l^l$a.
5. BVS Z A^l$a$ (Vowels) A, E, I, O, U l$y.
VSl SZ ]l_a]l {$
1. JMS lOl$]l MSl Z ''TRIANGLE'' ''RSGBLHJF''V> >, MS sZ H

MS DFY TR Al MSl l A]l#l$?
({VS*&1, {l$ 2008)
G) BEAST ) FEAST ) BOAST yl) COAST
]l*]l: ()
TRIANGLE Al lZ l$$ls AS yl$ $ l]lMSMS$, y AS JMS AS
]ll$MS$.... C _]l ]lMS$ JMS l>l JMSs ]l*$l* ]lâ$$. Al lV> >
FEAST
MSl l DFYTR A]l#l$.
#77
2. GUPTA]l$ MSl *Z HVQ UBV> > 'SHARMA'MS$ ]l _Page
l MnoS
GMS ^l$yl?
({VS*&1 {l$&2007)
G) BNSBIT
) SBNBTI
) TIBSNB
yl) TBINBS
]l*]l: ()
GUPTAZ { AS > l>l AS
MSl -^$. Al l V> SHARMA
Al lZ { AS> l>l AS *_ TIBSNB A]l# l$.
3. ''PROMOTION'']l$ JMS tOl$]l Z 'QSP89'V> > Al Z
DEMOTION]l$ G >$?
({VS* & 1 {l$ 10.10.04)
) EF98
) EF89
yl) EG89
G) DE98
]l*]l: ()
PROMOTION Al lZ l$$ls ]lyl$ AS>$ 'PRO'$ B l>l AS Myl
^l>$. B l>l MOTION Al AS> ]l 89V> Myl ^l>$.
Al l V> DEMOTIONZ DE]l$ l>l AS>O]l EF]l$, MOTION]l$
89 *_ 'EF89' ]l*]l A]l#l$.
4 ]l$_ 6]l { ]lMS$ *^l]l$:
XEROX COPY OF BILL WAS SENT Al M>
Z ZGTQZ
EQRA QH DKNN YCU UGPV A P$. BV> MS MS$ Myl
MS]l$MPyl?
({VS* 2 & 2005)
4.
WORD
G) YPTF ) YQTF
) YQSE yl) YQTE
5.
BLIST
G) DNKOV ) DNKVQ
) DNKKU yl) DNKUV
6.
CLOSE
G) ENQUG ) ENQVG
) EQNUG yl) ENOUG
]l*$: 4) 5) yl 6) G
Page no #78
*^l]lZ C_a]l BVS l, MS _]l Myl ]l$ { AS yl$

$ ]ll$MS$ fW]lr$ l$$.
MylV Ay ylMylV&6
Page no #79
VSl _MSZ AS> {$$ (Letter Series) Al A>MS

_]l {l$MS * $, M E]l$
^la^. D _MSZ Cl A>MS ylW#V> CodingDecoding Al A> ^la. HOl JMS ]l*^>
'A' Al ]lMS (Sender) ]l$_ 'B' Al ]lMSM S (Receiver)
^]l$MS$. B ]l*^> All VV> E^]l A]l El]l$M.
As B ]l*^> A, B$ $]l H Cl ]lMS MS*y A ^l$M lV> ]l*>a.
As B ]l*^ > 'A' Al ]lMS MylVS ^l 'B' Al ]lMSMS yl$. 'B' Al ]lMS
ylMylVS ^l AO]l ]l*^> >r$tMS$syl$. MylVS, ylMylVSMS _]l
]l$]l$ ^ s AS> {$Z ]l$]l ^la_]l ]lMS *]l$ ]l$
]l$]l]l ^l$Myl.
E: JMS Myl Z 'PARTNER' Al MS Myl 'OZQSMDQ' Al
'SEGMENT'MS Myl H$s?
]l*]l: llr ]l$]l H $]l$ {M> 'PARTNER' Al l 'OZQSMDQ'V>
Myl ^l> VS$^. As l Z MylVS $]l* (Coding pattern)
VS$^. Al $]l* A]l$_ 'SEG MENT' Al l Myl]l$ VS$^.
P
D Q
1 1 1 1
As PARTNER Al lZ B* AS> ]l$_ JMS ]l l]lMSP lV> Myl lZ

AS>$ ]lâ. Cl lV>
S
1
R
N T
M S
1 1 1 1
]l*]l: RDFLDMS
E: JMS Myl Z 'REJECTION'MS Myl 'SGMIHZPWW'
'MECHANIC' Myl H$s?
]l*]l:
Al
R E
G M I
+1 +2 +3 +4 +5
Page no #80
O N
W W
+6 +7 +8 +9
As JMS lZ B* AS> ]l$_ ]l$V> 1, 2, 3, 4,... $ ]ll$MS l Myl

lZ AS>$ ]lâ. Cl lV>
M
E C
G F
+1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8
]l*]l: NGFLFTPK
E: 'PROMOTION' Myl QSP89 Al 'DEMOTION' Myl H$s?
( {VS*&I, {l$ & 2004)
]l*]l:
P
R O
S P
+1 +1 +1
O T
89
Cl MylVS $]l* A]l$_

D
+1 +1
O T
89
]l*]l: EF89
E: JMS Myl Z 'SUMMER', 'RUNNER' Al 'WINTER' Myl H$s?
(, {l$ & 2004)

]l*]l:
S
W I
0 +1
0 0
+1
Cl lV>...
0 +1
0 0
+1
]l*]l: VIOUER
Page no
E: 'SPHERE' Al l Myl 'EREHPS' Al 'CYLINDER' Myl H$s
? #81
]l*]l: 'SPHERE' Al lZ AS>]l$ ]lMS Z > Myl l
'EREHPS' Hyl. Cl lV> 'CYLINDER' Z AS>]l$ ]lMS Z >
'REDNILYC'.
E: JMS Myl Z 'PLAYER' Myl 'AELPRY' Al 'COACH' Myl H$s?

]l*]l: 'PLAYER' Al lZ AS>]l$ BVS AS]l* ]l$ (Alphabetical
order) {M> A]l$al 'AELPRY' Al
l Hyl. Cl l V> 'COACH'Z
AS>]l$ Alphabetical orderZ A]l$al 'ACCHO' ]l$.
]l*]l: ACCHO
E: 'HEALTH' Myl 'GSKZDG' Al 'NORTH' Myl H$s?
]l*]l: 'HEALTH'Z AS>]l$ ]lMS Z >... 'HTLAEH' Cyl$
H
-1 -1
G
-1 -1
-1
Cl l V> 'NORTH' ]lMS Z > HTRON C#yl$

H
-1 -1
-1
-1
]l*]l : GSQNM
E: ''DIFFERENT'' My 'FIDREFTNE' Al "SIMILARLY'' My H$s?
llr ]lyl$ ]l*]l V>$V> h^.

DIF FER ENT
1 2 3
B l>l { VSZ AS>]l$ ]lMS Z > "FIDREFTNE" Al My ]l_a.

Cl l V> SIM ILA RLY My
1 2 3"
MISALIYLR" A]l#l$.
E: 'DIFFICULT' My 'FFIDITLUC' Al 'RADIANT' My H$s?
]l*]l: C_a]l lZ ]l$l AS I. D AS> AVS E_, MS ]ll$yl
AS>]l$ (DIFF), l>l Eyl AS>]l$ (CULT) ]lMS Z > 'FFIDI
TLUC' Al My ]l_a. 'RADIANT' Al Al
l My 'DARITNA' A]l#l$.
E:
'BREAKTHROUGH'
'DISTRIBUTION' My H$s?
My 'EAOUG
#82 l
RBRGHKT'Page no
A
]l*]l: llr C_a]l D l V> "6' V>$V> h_ B V> ]l$]l$

]l*al My l Hyl$l$.
BR EA KT HR OU GH
1 2 3 4 5 6
EA OU HR BR GH KT
2 5 4 1 6 3
DI ST RI BU TI ON
1 2 3 4 5 6
ST TI BU DI ON RI
2 5 4 1 6 3
]l*]l : STTIBUDIONRI
E: 'CORPORATIONS' My 'PROCTAROSNOI' Al 'JUDICIAL' My
H$s?
]l*]l: C_a]l {VSZ "4' AS>$ Eylrr$V> ]lyl$ V>$V> h_,
{ VSZ AS>]l$ ]lMSZ > My l Hyl.
Cl lV>
CORP ORAT IONS .........

1 2
3
PROC TARO SNOI
JUDI CIAL IDUJ LAIC

1
2
]l*]l : IDUJLAIC
E: JMS My Z 'TANK'MS My 'SZOL', 'FRIEND'MS My 'EQHFOE' Al
i) 'RING', 'FROG', 'ZENITH' My$ H$s?
ii) 'DEMAND', 'RATE' Al $ lsMS My$?
(Group - I, Model Paper - 2007)
]l*]l: llr l ]l$_ MylV $]l* MS]l$MP .

T
-1 +1
AVS
+1
F
-1
Page no #83
+1
-1
+1
+1
MylV $]l$: C_a]l yl$ ]l*]l V>$ ^l lls VSZ AS> ]l$_ JMS
]l l]lMSP, y VSZ AS> ]l$_ JMS ]l ]ll$MS l My l Hyl. Cl
$]l$ A]l$_...
R
-1 +1
+1
'RING' MS My 'QHOH'
F
-1 +1
+1
'FROG'MS My 'EQPH'
Z
-1 -1
Y
+1 +1
+1
'ZENITH' MS My 'YDMJUI
E
-1 -1
D
+1 +1
+1
'DEMAND' Al 'EFNZMC'
S
-1 +1
+1
'RATE' Al 'SBSD' MS My
E: 'MACHINE' My 19 7 9 14 15 20 11. Al DANGER
My H$s?
]l*]l:
'MACHINE' Z B* AS> ]l $]l$ ]l$V>..13, 1, 3, 8, 9, 14, 5. D
l] $]lMS$ "6' MS > My Hyl. As 19 & 7 & 9 & 14 & 15 & 20 & 11.
Cl l V> 'DANGER' lZ AS> {MS]l$Q$ ]l$V> 4, 1, 14, 7, 5, 18.
Page no #84
M>st Myl 10&7&20&13&11&24.
E: 'RED'MS Myl 6720, 'GREEN' Myl 1677209 Al 'ORANGE' Myl H$s?
]l*]l:
'RED'Z AS> l] $]l$.. 18, 5, 4. sMS "2' MSl& 20, 7, 6. D Q ]l$_
"6720' Al Myl Q ]l_a.
AVS 'GREEN'Z AS> l] $]l$.. 7, 18, 5, 5, 14. sMS "2' MSl& 9, 20, 7,
7, 16. D Q ]l$_ "1677209' Al Myl ]l_a. Cl l V> 'ORAN GE'Z AS>
]l $]l$.. 15,18,1, 14,7,5.
sMS "2' MSl & 17, 20, 3, 16, 9, 7.
M>st 'ORANGE' Myl "791632017'
Page no #85
MylVS Ay ylMylVS&7
E: JMS Myl Z CAT Myl 24. DOG Myl 26 Al

COW Myl?
]l*]l: 'CAT' lZ AS> {MS]l$ Q$ = 3, 1, 20
s ll = 3 + 1 + 20 = 24
'DOG'
lZ AS> {MS]l$ Q ll = 4 + 15 + 7
= 26
Cl l V> 'COW' lZ AS> {MS]l$ Q ll = 3 + 15 + 23 = 41
]l*]l : 41
E: 'CAT' Myl 60, 'DOG' Myl 420, Al COW Myl ?
]l*]l: 'CAT' Z AS> {MS]l$ Q = 3 1 20 = 60
'DOG'Z AS> {MS]l$
Q =
4 15 7 = 420
Cl l V> 'COW' lZ = 3 15 23 = 1035
]l*]l: 1035
E: 'ACE' Myl 81, BAD Myl 49 Al ADD Myl ?
]l*]l: 'ACE'Z AS> {MS]l$Q$ = 1, 3, 5
s ll ]lY = (1 + 3 + 5)2 = 92 = 81
'BAD'Z AS> {MS]l$ Q ll ]lY = ( 2 + 1 + 4)2 = 72 = 49
Cl MylVS ]l {M> ADD Myl =
(1 + 4 + 4)2 = 92 = 81
]l*]l: 81
E: 'ACE' Myl 35, BAD Myl 21 Al ADD Myl ?
]l*]l: 'ACE'Z AS> {MS]l$ Q ]l>Y ll
= 12 + 32 + 52 = 1 + 9 + 25 = 35
'BAD'Z AS> {MS]l$Q ]l>Y ll
= 22 + 12 + 42 = 4 + 1 + 16 = 21
Cl ]l {M> 'ADD' Myl =
12 + 42 + 42 = 1 + 16 + 16 = 33
]l*]l: 33
E: 'ACE' Myl 72, 'BAD' Myl 74 Al CAT Myl ?
]l*]l: 'ACE'Z AS> {MS]l$Q$ ]lMS Z
Page no #86
= 27 1, 27 3, 27 5
= 26, 24, 22
s ll = 26 + 24 + 22 = 72
'BAD'Z = 27 2, 27 1, 27 4
= 25, 26, 23
s ll = 25 + 26 + 23 = 74
Cl l V> 'CAT' Myl
= (27 3) + (27 1) + (27 20)

= 24 + 26 + 7 = 57
]l*]l: 57
E: 'CRICKET' Myl 3993252, 'ROCKET' Myl 963252 Al 'PACKET' Myl ?
]l*]l: 'CRICKET'Z AS> {MS]l$Q$ = 3, 18, 9, 3, 11, 5, 20
{MS]l$QZ ylMS$ Es s l MSP^lV>... 1+8 = 9, 1+1 = 2, 2+0 = 2

Cyl$ rs ]l$V> > 3993252 Al Myl Hyl.
'ROCKET'Z AS> {MS]l$Q$ =
18, 15, 3, 11, 5, 20 Myl = 963252
Cl ]l {M>... PACKETZ AS> {MS]l$Q$ = 16, 1, 3, 11, 5, 20
Myl = 713252
E: 'KNOWLEDGE' Myl 81. 'INNOVATION' Myl 100 Al
'INTERNATIONAL' Myl ?
]l*]l: 'KNOWLEDGE'Z AS> Q = 9 ]lY = 92 = 81
'INNOVATION'Z AS> Q ]lY = 102 = 100
AVS 'INTERNATIONAL'Z AS> Q = 13 M>st Myl = 132 = 169
]l*]l: 169
E: TALL ALL = 20 Al RATE ATE = ?
]l*]l: 'TALL'Z AS> {MS]l$Q ll ]l$_ ALL lZ AS>
{MS]l$Q l l =
(20 + 1 + 12 + 12) (1 + 12 + 12) = 20

Cl ]l {M> RATE ATE
= (18 + 1 + 20 + 5) (1 + 20 + 5) = 18
E: 'BUS' Myl 126, 'LORRY' Myl 440 Al 'TRAINS' Myl ?
]l*]l: 'BUS'Z AS> {MS]l$Q ll = 2 + 21 + 19 = 42
'BUS'Z AS> Q = 3
Myl = 42 3 = 126
'LORRY'Z AS> {MS]l$Q ll =
12 + 15 + 18 + 18 + 25 = 88
'LORRY'Z AS> Q = 5
Myl = 88 5 = 440
AVS 'TRAINS' Myl
Page no #87
= (20 + 18 + 1 + 9 + 14 + 19)6
= 81 6 = 486
]l*]l: 486
E: IS + WAS = 71 Al ARE + WERE = ?
]l*]l: IS, WASZ AS> {MS]l$ Q ll
= 9 + 19 + 23 + 1 + 19 = 71
Cl l V> ARE + WERE =
1 + 18 + 5 + 23 + 5 + 18 + 5 = 75
E: APPLE = 10, ORANGE = 12
Al PINEAPPLE = ?
]l*]l: 'APPLE'Z AS> Q = 5,
5 2 = 10
'ORANGE'Z AS> Q = 6,
6 2 = 12
Cl l V> PINEAPPLE = 9 2 = 18
]l*]l: 18
E: CONTROL = 82, RUNNER = 58 Al HYDERABAD = ?
]l*]l: 'CONTROL'Z AS> {MS]l$Q$ = 3, 15, 14, 20, 18, 15, 12 .
yl$$ ]l_a]l 'O' Al AS {MS]l$Q]l$ JMS VS_ As MS*yll...
Page no #88
3 + 15 + 14 + 20 + 18 + 12 = 82
'RUNNER'Z AS> {MS]l$Q]l$ MS*y O l V> MS*yll... 18 + 21 + 14 + 5 = 58
Cl l V> HYDERABAD Myl =
8 + 25 + 4 + 5 + 18 + 1 + 2 = 63
]l*]l = 63
E: ECONOMY = 30, HISTORY = 44 Al GEOGRAPHY = ?
]l*]l: 'ECONOMY'Z AS> {MS]l$Q$ ]l$V>... 5, 3, 15, 14, 15, 13, 25.
D {MS]l$QZ JMSr (units place) l] Z E]l AMS]l$ ]l*{ll$ MS*yll... 5 + 3 + 5
+ 4 + 5 + 3 + 5 = 30
'HISTORY'Z AS> {MS]l$Q$...
8, 9, 19, 20, 15, 18, 25
sZ MS*y JMSr ]lZ E]l AMS]l$ ]l*{ll$ MS*yll... 8+9+9+0+5+8+5 = 44
'GEOGRAPHY'Z AS> {MS]l$Q$ ]l$V>... 7, 5, 15, 7, 18, 1, 16, 8, 25
O MylVS ]l {M> Myl =
7 + 5 + 5 + 7 + 8 + 1 + 6 + 8 + 5 = 52
]l*]l: 52
E: MANGO = 20, PINEAPPLE = 44 Al ORANGE = ?
({VS*&1 l$l, 2008)
]l*]l: O {Z MylVS l D {MS* ]l^l^l$a. 'ORANGE'
lZ AS> {MS]l$Q$.. 15, 18, 1, 14, 7, 5. sZ JMSr l] Z Eyl AMS]l$
MS*yll... 5 + 8 + 1 + 4 + 7 + 5 = 30
]l*]l = 30
E: E=5, HOTEL=12 Al LAMB=?
]l*]l: 'E' {MS]l$Q = 5 = 5/1
'HOTEL'Z AS> {MS]l$Q ll = 8 + 15 + 20 + 5 + 12 = 60
'HOTEL'Z AS> Q = 5
60/5 = 12
Cl MylV ]l {M> 'LAMB'Z AS>$ {MS]l$Q ll = 12 + 1 + 13 + 2
= 28.
'LAMB'Z AS> Q = 4
LAMB My = 28/4 = 7
#89
E: 'THURSDAY' My VJWTUFCA Al 'JQPGUVA' lMS My Page
A]l#nol$?
({VS*&1 l$l, 2008)
]l*]l:
T
H U R
+2 +2 +2 +2 +2
W T
+2
+2 +2
As C_a]l lZ { AS ]l$_ "2' $ ]ll$MS$ l My l Hyl. M>st

My ylMy ^l*s { AS ]l$_ 2 $ l]lMSP l.
Q P
O N
2 2 2 2 2 2
+1
+1
R S, E 2, Q R, U 5,
+1
V> My ^l>$.
+1
E 2, S T, T U
]l*]l: HONESTY
E: REQUST = S2R52TU Al 'ACID'MS My ?
]l*]l: 'REQUEST' My
As A, E, I, O, U A^l$a$ ]l$V> 1, 2, 3, 4, 5V> My A*.

$$ s l>l
AS>$V> My ^l>$. M>st 'ACID' My...
+1
+1
+1
A 1, C D, I 3, D E
]l*]l: 1D3E
E: JMS My Z 'LADY' My B6A1B2A13 Al INDIA My?
({VS*&1 l$l, 2008)

]l*]l: 'LADY' My MS MylV ]l A]lVSl]l$]l#l$.
AS: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H - - - W, X, Y, Z
My: A1, B1, A2, B2, A3, B3, A4, B4, --- A12, B12, A13, B13
('Z' My : B13) * D stMS NV> l$yl.
M>st INDIA My : A5B7B2A5A1.
E: RENT = 47, ROCKET = 32 Al CRICKET = ?
]l*]l: 'RENT'Z $ {MS]l$Q ll ]l$_ A^l$a {MS]l$Q l
l...
(18 + 14 + 20) 5 = 52 5 = 47
Page no #90
ROCKETZ MS*y... (18 + 3 +11+ 20) (15 + 5) = 52 20 = 32
M>st CRICKET My
= (3 + 18 + 3 + 11 + 20) (9 + 5)
= 55 14 = 41
]l*]l: 41
E: 'PARENT' My BDFGJK, 'CHILDREN My MOXQUFGJ Al
'REPRINT' My ?
]l*]l: C_a]l l> {lMSOl$]l MylV ]l]l$r* H$ l
t]l$]l#. CMSPyl JMS AS> CM ASV> My ^l>$. D MSOl$]l MylV]l$
"Direct Letter to Letter Coding" As$. M>st REPRINT My =
FGBFXJK
]l*]l: FGBFXJK
E: TWENTY = 863985, ELEVEN = 323039 Al TWELVE = ?
]l*]l: CMSPyl MS*y Direct Letter to Letter Coding ^l> A ^l$M]l^l$a.
As
T 8, W 6, E 3, N 9, Y 5, L 2, V OV> My ^l>$.
M>st TWELVE = 863203
]l*]l : 863203
E: DICTIONARY = 1234256789 Al ORDINARY = ?
]l*]l:
CMSPyl C_a]l lZ B* AS >]l$ My QZ B* AMS$V> ]l$V> My
^l> l$.
M>st 'ORDINARY' My = 58126789
E: EARTH = QPMZS
Al HEART = ?
]l*]l: SQPMZ
Page no #91
MylVS Ay ylMylVS&1
JMS ]l*lZ E]l ]ll ]l$ $Z G]l JMS ]lMSMS ]l*{ll$ A]l$$ JMS
$ ^l A]l$MS$]lyl$ l$VS$, , CX$ Z ^ll MSP$ A
^l$MS$s$. AA MS G]lMS l$ l$, ]l$*, {^l, l Z
]l*syl B M>]l$ AllV> , B $ ]l_a]l l]l$ ${l$ > l$$MS$l
A]lM> E. G {$$ ^l $ A ^l$MMS$y Eys B Cl$ ]lMS$MS$

]l*{ll$ l]l Ml ]l$ t^. C Ol$]l $ M>l$.
JMS As, S $ t^. A Al. JMSl MStyl t_
VS$$^l$M]lyl MStl. ]l$ ]l$$. G]lMS A M>MS$y Eys H$

^l*? {$l {^lZ E]l H JMS ]l$ B ^l$M, M l$MS$
Zyl ]l*ayl, A ]l*ayl ]l A G]lMS A M>l$. "MylVS' As$. ]ll$

^lMS$]l B l$MS$ Zyl MylVSZ E]l B ]l$ M>]l$ ]l$]lMS$ A]l$$
ZMS ]l*$aM. "ylMylVS' As$.

V> H...G., ..G, Cl M>ssl SZ D MylVS, ylMylVS
M CW AS>]l$, AMS]l$ B ^l$MS$s$.
MylVS, ylMylVSZ ]l$_ ]l*$P$ ^s MS A> $l r$t Ey.
1. A ]l$_ Z ]lMS$, Z ]l$_ A ]lMS$ lVSV> ^ll]lVSV>.
2. A ]l$_ Z ]lMS$ s l] $]l$ (position numbers) As A-1, B-2, C3, ........... X-24, Y-25, Z-26 A lrl ^lVSV>.
3. Z ]l$_ A ]lMS$ s l] $]l$ As Z-1, Y-2, X-3, ........... C-24, B-25,
A-26 A lrl ^lVSV>.
4. Vowels A,E,I,O,U A l$y.

5. lVSV> BZ_*, lV> ~$ $MS$l MS Ey.
Page no #92
D l] $]l$ A ]l$_ Z ]lMS$, Z ]l$_ A ]lMS$ $V> VS$$^l$Ml _sP VS$_

VSlZ r Z ^la^.
Letter Coding
SZ MylVS, ylMylVS $M>$V> ]l$. Cyl$ s VS$_ ^la.
D lZ A$ AS>]l$ M l$MS$ Zyl l AS> *_$. Al B

AS>$ H l$MS$ Zyl l AS>$V> ]l*>* VS$_ {M>l$ C_a]l {MS$
]l*]l MS]l$MP.
M E$ :
1. JMS {lMSOl$]l Myl Z VICTORY WJDUPSZ V> >, Al Z
SUCCESS ]l$ H l V> >?

a) RTBBDRR b) TVDDFTT
c) TVDDBRR d) RTBBFTT
'VICTORY' Al lZ { AS JMS ]l ]ll$MS$ fVSyl ]l Myl l
]l_a.
V I C TORY
WJ DUP S Z
Al l V> 'SUCCESS' Al lZ { AS> JMS ]l ]ll$MS$ fl

]l*]l ]l$. Cl$Z S ]l$ T V>, U ]l$ V V>, C ]l$ D V>, E ]l$ F V> > .....
'SUCCESS' ]l$ 'TVDDFTT' V> Myl ^l$]l^l$a. ]l*]l (b) A]l#l$.
2. JMS {lMSOl$]l Myl Z 'SHIVA' 'RGHUZ' V> > 'ALLAH' ]l$Page

H nol #93
V>
>?
a) ZKKZG
b) BMMBI
c) ZKKBI
d) BMMZG
SHIVA Al lZ { AS JMS ]l l]lMSMS$ lr ]l Myl l ]l_a.

SH I V A

RG H U Z
Al l V> 'ALLAH' Al lZ { AS> JMS ]l l]lMSMS$ fl ]l*]l
]l$. 'ALLAH' Al lZ A ]l$ Z V>, L ]l$ K V>, H ]l$ G V> >....
'ALLAH' ]l$ 'ZKKZG' V> Myl ^l$]l^l$a. ]l*]l (a) A]l#l$.
3. JMS {lMSOl$]l Myl Z HYDERABAD ]l$ IXEDSZCZE V> > Al Myl

Z ASHOKNAGAR ]l$ H lV> >$?
a) BTIPLOBHBS
b) ZRGNJMZHZR
c) BRINLMBFBQ
d) ZTGPJOZHZS
HYDERABAD Al
lZ A AS>$ JMS l>l JMS AS ^]l JMS l]
]ll$MS$, JMS ]l l]lMSMS$ l.

+1-1+1 -1+1 -1+1 -1
HYDERA B AD
+1
I X EDS Z C Z E
Al l V> ASHOKNAGAR Al lZ A AS>$ JMS l>l JMSs ^]l

JMS ]l ]ll$MS$, JMS ]l l]lMSMS$ l.
Page no #94
'HYDERABAD' Al lZ lls AS 'H' JMS ]l ]ll$MS$ ]l_a.
Al$]l 'ASHOKNAGAR' Z lls AS JMS]l ]ll$MS$, l$l AS

JMS ]l l]lMSMS$ l.
+1 -1+1 -1+1 -1+1
A SHOKNAGAR

-1
+1 -1
BR I N LMB F BQ
M>st 'ASHOKNAGAR' ]l$ 'BRINLMBFBQ' V> >^l$a. M>st ]l*]l

(c) A]l#l$.
4. JMS {lMSOl$]l Myl Z 'HOUSE' ]l$ 'IQXWJ' V> > Al Myl Z
'WINDOW' ]l$ H lV> >$?

a) NKQHTC
b) XKQHTC
c) XKQGTC
d) XKQHTB
HOUSE Z lls AS JMS ]l, yl]l AS yl$ $, ..... Il]l AS
Il$ $ ]ll$MS$ l. $V> ^l*s ]ll$ D lZ AS>MS$

l] $]l$ > sMS ]l$V> 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]l$ MSl Ml $]l$ ]l. s
BV> B AS>]l$ l$$M]l^l$a.
s ]l $]l$
H O U S E

8 15 21 19 5
MS]l Q$
Page no #95
1 2 3 4 5
MS--l ]l_a]l Ml Q$
9 17 24 23 10

I Q X W J
s ]l $]l$
W I N D O W
1 2 3 4 5 6
23 9 14 4 15 23
MS]l Q$
Cl l V> 'WINDOW' ]l$ >
MS--l ]l_a]l Ml Q$
2411 17 8 20 29

X K Q H T C
O Myl Z 'WINDOW' ]l$ 'XKQHTC' V> >^l$a.
VS]l$MS :
WINDOW Z _]l AS 'W' ]l$]l '23'. MS '6' ]l$ MSl 29 ]l_a. M>
BVSZ 29 AS>$ ]l#. GOyl Cs l>Z 26 MSs GMS$P]l ]l_a]lyl$

]l$_ 26]l$ l*. D lZ 29 ]l$_ 26]l$ l$V> 3 ]l_a. M>sPage

t ]lnoy#96
l]l
AS C >>. V> A ]l$_ Z ]lMS$ s ]l $]l]l$ 1 ]l$_ 26 ]lMS$
$MS$s. Z l>l ]l$ A ]l_a]lyl$ ]l $]l]l$ 27V>, B 28V> C 29V>
... $MS$s.
]lYMS S
Page no #97
(Classification Test)
MS$r$ VS$_ Ml A]lV>]l MSW Ey. JMS g S$ MSW]l M A>

]l$l$ MS$r$. {^l V> A]llOl$]l MS$r$$ E. l, l{yl,
$ JMS MS$r$. Ol>l $$, Byl$, ]l$VS$, E$, yMSt$,
fQ$, Q$, Q$, 4 VS$g$, 36 M>M>$ C ^l#l*l
A]llOl$]l MS$r$$ E. {Z C_a]l $VS$ BlZ H $VS sMS l$V>
E MS]l$MP.
M E$
MSl C_a]l $VS$ I_eM>Z $VS ]lyl sMS l$V> E]l VS$^lyl.
1. G) .$
) $r$
) MSZ$r$ yl) sMS Ol$$
]l*]l (yl)
O $VS$ MS*y l*> M^l {]l*$ M> G, , $ *$O l*> M^l
{]l*$ (yl) sMS Ol$$ ]l*{l ]l{lO l* M]lyMS {]l*.
2. G)
) $yl$
) $]l#
yl) MS
]l*]l ()
$]l# $]l $VS ]lyl$ VS ^lVS.
3. G) {$f ) ^ll${ ) ]ll
yl) ^ll${
]l*]l ()
]ll $]l $VS ]lylsMS M $g$ Es.
4. G) V]l
) VSV>
) {#{l yl) l$
]l*]l (G)
V]l $]l $VS ]ll$$ ]l* ]ll$$. V]l ]l*{l MS ]l. ]l* ]ll$$
: VSV>, l$, {#{l, $]l]l, VSylMS, M, ^l, l.
MS ]ll$$ : ]l$]l, V]l, MS~, l$VS{l, M>l, , V>]l, ]l$i,
{l, ylyl, ]l.
5. G) VSV>
) V]l
) l$ yl) ]l$]lC) ]ll
Page no #98
]l*]l (C)
]ll $]l $VS]l l*$Ol# {]l^l ]ll$$. ]ll ]l*{l yl]l$ Ol# {]l^l
]l.
yl]l$ Ol# {]l^l ]ll$$ : ]ll, l, , ]l$, ]l$, , >]l,
>]l, *, .
6. G) W ) l ) l$]ll
yl) ]l{> C) JV$
]l*]l (yl)
]l{> $]l $VS]l B]l# gl$$. ]l{> ]l*{l VSl g.
7. G) {V>]l ) r$ ) MSs yl) r]l$ C) MSZ{V>
]l*]l ()
8. G) C]l$]l ) >W) lyl
yl) hMS
C) l
]l*]l (C)
l $]l $VS]l $]l Z$. l ]l*{l {l]l* Z.
9. G) Al$
) A$^l {l ) V>yl yl) MSP
C) ]l$N
]l*]l (yl)
MSP $]l $VS]l ll t >Z VS.
10. G) }M>MS$ ) ]lYyl
) l$lMS
yl) MSyl
C) VS$r*$
]l*]l ()
l$lMS $]l $VS h yl M>t$ Al rtZ E. l$lMS yl M>t V>ylz.
D AO VSlZ ]l_a]l {$
1. G) B>]l Myl$ ) MS Myl$
) l* Myl$ yl) l*>Myl$ C) W Myl$
]l*]l ()
l* Myl$ $]l $VS]l l lZ E.
2. G) MSl ) lVSY ) MSP]l yl) O]l C) GMSPyl
]l*]l (C)
"GMSPyl' $]l $VS]l "GMSPyl' Al {MS$ ]l*$.
3. G) M>s ) B$VSylz
) A
yl) M>i C) s*s Page no #99
]l*]l (yl)
M>i $]l $VS]l *$ Z VS.
4. G) M>yl ) ]ll
) l yl) C) k
]l*]l (G)
M>yl $]l $VS]l M>ylZ V>$
5. G) A]l$
) l$yl$
) l yl) ]l C) l$yl$
]l*]l ()
l$yl$ $]l $VS l* JMS MS$r$MS ^l]l$.
6. G) uMS$yl$ ) ^l$$l ) {r yl) C) t
]l*]l (G)
uMS$yl$ $]l $VSl* JMS f {MS $rMS$ >]lyMS l $$Z
^l$
7. G) yl$ ) M>s ) g]l$
yl) r]l*r C) ]lM>$
]l*]l (C)
]lM>$ $]l $VS s l$V> ]l]l^l$a. ]lM>$]l$ ]lyl]l l>ll ]l VS.
8. G) s$ ) $ ) MS$a yl) C) l$$s
]l*]l (C)
l$$s $]l $VS]l VSZMS $
9. G) $ ) l$ ) ]l
yl)$VS C) M>MS
]l*]l (yl)
$VS $]l $VS]l VS$yl]l$ yl $$.
10.
G) GMS
) sl ) yl* yl) MSNr
C) sfl
]l*]l (G)
GMS $]l $VS]l G[M>tMS $yl*MS$ ^l]l.
]l M>MSl&1
Page no #100
D ]l$$ $$]l#V> ^lyMS s^]l *^l]l$ & $

llr A
QZ JMSr ^. ]l JMS Q $]l $VS]l
Q$ Q$ "5' VS$g$ 10 VS$g$ A l$$.

JMSr l] Z 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 Z H JMSs Es A
Q, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 Z H
JMSs Es A Q.
JMSr l] Z 0 V> 5 V> Es A "5' VS$g$, JMSr l] Z "0' ]l*{ll$ Es A
"10' VS$g$.
C]l MS*y MS]l JMSr ]l ^l*ylyl ]l l$$.
lls tZ l$V> E]l Q]l$ VS$^l]l#yl$, y tZ { Q Z AMS
ll MS]l$MP.
> JMS Q $]l $VS Q 3 ^ll V>, "9' ^ll V> W^lyl*
l$$. JMSl H Q MS*y 3 ^ll V> 9 ^ll V> W^lyl]l yl$, A
QZ AMS ll ]l*]lV> Eyl, JMS Z ]l*{l l$V> Eyl]l^l$a.
A {]l Q$ C_a, JMSs MS Q C]l]l^l$a A MS Q_a,
JMSs {]l Q C]l]l^l$a. M>st $$ MS 100 ]lMS$ {]l Q]l$
l$$M.
A Q$ MS_alOl$]l ]lY Q$ $]l Q$ C_a JMSs l$V> C]l]l^l$a.
HOl M Q ]l>Y$ $MS$ Al Q V>, ]l$ Q V> MSyl
l* C_a JMSs l$V> C]l]l^l$a.
$$ MS 35 ]lMS$ ]l>Y$, 11 ]lMS$ $$ l$aM.
M E$
1. G) 124) 132) 248
yl) 631 C) 596
]l*]l (yl)
631 $]l $VS]l Q$
2. G) 593) 471) 894
yl) 699 C) 347
]l*]l ()
894 $]l $VS]l Q$.
Page no #101
3. G) 575) 497) 370

yl) 685 C) 740
]l*]l ()
497 $]l $VS]l 5 VS$g$
4. G) 80 ) 90 ) 35 yl) 40C) 50
]l*]l ()
35 $]l $VS]l 10 VS$g$.
5. G) 25 ) 35 ) 36 yl) 49C) 81
]l*]l ()
35 $]l $VS]l MS_alOl$]l ]l>Y$
6. G) 512) 729) 343
yl) 216 C) 464
]l*]l (C)
464 $]l $VS]l MS_alOl$]l $$
7. G) 12 ) 20 ) 30 yl) 42C) 52
]l*]l (C)
52 $]l $VS]l M Q ]l>YMS$ Al Q$ MS$.
32 + 3 = 9 + 3 = 12
42 + 4 = 16 + 4 = 20
52 + 5 = 25 + 5 = 30
62 + 6 = 36 + 6 = 42
52 ]l$ D lV> >$
8. G) 16 ) 26 ) 37 yl) 50C) 65
]l*]l (G)
16 $]l $VS]l M Q ]l>YMS$ JMS Q "1' MS$.
52 + 1 = 25 + 1 = 26
62 + 1 = 36 + 1 = 37
72 + 1 = 49 + 1 = 50
82 + 1 = 64 + 1 = 65
16 ]l$ D l V> >$
9. G) 119) 223) 254
yl) 402 C) 194
]l*]l (yl)
402 $]l $VS Q, M Q ]l>Y ]l$_ JMS Q "2' ]l$Page

no
l#102
$yl
> ]lâ.
112 & 2 = 121 & 2 = 119
152 & 2 = 225 & 2 = 223
162 & 2 = 256 & 2 = 254
142 & 2 = 196 & 2 = 194
402 ]l$ D l V> >$.
10.
G) 11 )13
) 15yl) 17C) 19
]l*]l ()
15 $]l $VS]l {]l Q$.
]l M>MSlO VSlZ ]l_a]l {$

1. G) 43 ) 53 ) 63 yl) 73 C) 83
]l*]l ()
63 $]l $VS]l {]l Q$.
2. G) 51 ) 144 ) 64 yl) 121 C) 256
]l*]l (G)
51 $]l $VS]l MS_alOl$]l ]l>Y$.
3. G) 6 ) 12 ) 18 yl) 9 C) 7
]l*]l (C)
"7' $]l $VS]l MS Q$. "7' ]l*{ll$ {]l Q.
4. G) 10 ) 11 ) 15yl) 16
]l*]l ()
"11' $]l $VS]l MS Q$. "11' ]l*{ll$ {]l Q.
5. G) 21 ) 69 ) 81yl) 83
]l*]l ()
81 ]l*{ll$ MS_alOl$]l ]lY Q. $VS MS_alOl$]l ]lY Q$ M>]l#.
6.
G) 9611 ) 7324 ) 2690 yl) 1754
]l*]l ()
7324 $]l $VS A QZ AMS ll 17MS$ ]l*]l A]l#l$.Page no #103

7. G) 2345 ) 3456 ) 5467 yl) 5678
]l*]l ()
5467 $]l $VS QZ AMS JMS ]l$Z ]lâ.
8. G) 232 ) 431 ) 612 yl) 813
]l*]l (yl)
813 $]l $VS QZ A AMS "12' MS$ ]l*]l.
9. G) 49 ) 63 ) 77yl) 81
]l*]l (yl)
81 $]l $VS]l "7' ^ll V> W^lyl.
]l M>MSl &2
Page no #104
QO MS A]lV>]l Es ]l M> MSlO ]l^la

{]l$ $V> ^l^l$a. ]l M>MSlO # A
s SZ JMSs yl$ {$ ]l$.
D {$ lVSV> ^l*s ]lY Q$ 35 ]lMS$, $]l
Q$ 11 ]lMS$, {]l Q$ 100 ]lMS$ lrl ^lVS
V>. s r$ f$l *{* l Ey. Ayl$ ]l*{ll$ D {$
^l$VS$VS$.
]l M>MSlO {MS$ $$]l#V> ]l*$ >$yMS MS ll$$ s^.
]ll$V> C_a]l QZ JMSr ]l ^. ]l Q$, Q
BV> ]l*]l VS$^l]l^l$a. ]lyl$ Q$ C_a, JMS Q C^l$a
]lyl$ Q$ C_a JMS Q C^l$a.
Q$, Q BV> ]l*]l VS$^l]lyl$ ]l$ JMSr ]lZ E]l
Q]l$ ^. ]l 5 10 VS$g BV> ]l*]l MS]l$MP]l^l$a. ]lyl$
Q$ 5 10 VS$g$ C_a JMSs l$V> C^l$a. A l$V> E]ll ]l*]l
A]l#l$.
JMSl JMSr ]l BV> O]l ^l]l ll$Z ]l*]l VS$^l]lyl$ C_a]l
QZ AMS ll MS]l$MP. BV> 3 9 VS$g BV> ]l* ]l
MS]l$MP]l^l$a.
QZ AMS ll "3' V> V> ^ll B Q 3; QZ AMS ll
9 V> ^ll B Q 9 Wl]l$]l#.
M l>Z 3 9 VS$g BV> ]l*]l MS]l$MPMS ]l^l$a. M> C_a]l
$VS$ B]lZ HOl ]lyl$ B]lZ Q ll ]l*]lV> Eyl JMSs l$V>
Ey^l$a. A l$V> E]ll ]l*]l A]l#l$.
D lZ ]l*]l MS]l$MP MSl Cl QO]l 4, 6, 8, 11 VS$g BV>
]l$MS$ l]l MS]l$MPl {$l ^l*.
lls, y tZ ]l*]l MS]l$MPMSl l>l {]l Q$, ]lY Q$,
$]l Q$ BV> ]l$]l$ P^l]l^l$a. C MS lV> C^l$a.
Page no #105
{]l Q_a, JMSs MS Q C]lyl.
]lyl$ MS Q_a, JMSs {]l Q C]lyl.
C_a]l $VS$ B]lZ, { BlZ]l* {]l Q_a JMSZ ]l*{l s r$
MS Q C]lyl.
]lyl$ MS_alOl$]l ]lY Q_a, JMSs MS_al ]lY Q M> C]lyl.
]lyl$ B]lZ ]lY $]l QMS$ Al Q$ MSyl ]l ]l^la Q$ C_a,
JMSs ]l*{l s l MS$y C]lyl f$VS$l$.
]l M>MSlZ {$ O]l ^l]l l ll$Z C]l]l^l$a. Cl M>MS$y ]l$M
Cl ll$Z MS*y C]l]l^l$a. M E]l$ .
]lyl$
G) 35 ) 42) 76yl) 38
]l*]l (G)
35 $]l $W]l]l Q$.
2. G) 47 ) 29
) 56yl) 69
]l*]l ()
56 $]l $W]l]l Q$.
3. G) 25 ) 42
) 55yl) 75
]l*]l ()
42 $]l $W]l]l 5 VS$g$
4. G) 20 ) 30
) 40yl) 55
]l*]l (yl)
5. G) 342 ) 963 ) 468 yl) 437
]l*]l (yl)
D {Z JMSr ]l BV> ]l*]l VS$^l. Cl$Z yl$ Q$, yl$
Q$ E. Cyl$ D QZ AMS ll ^l*ylr ]l 3 9 VS$g$
A]l#*? M>? Al $ l$$.
lls ]lyl$ B]lZ AMS ll ]l$V> 9, 18, 18 ]lâ. M>st lls ]lyl$
Q$ 3, 9 V> Wl]l$]l#. M> B l d Z AMS ll 14 A]l#l$.
14 Al 3 9Z l]l* Wl M>l$ M>st 437 MS*y 3 9 V>
^lll$.
6. 1) 33 2) 55
3) 66 4) 99
1.
Page no #106
G) 2) 3 ) 2, 3
yl) H M>l$
]l*]l ()
O $VS$ Q$ ^l*ylV>l A]l 11 VS$g A]l$]l#l$. M> 11 VS$g
BV> Byl]l*l Ls ^l$.
55 $]l $W]l]l 3 VS$g$. M>st 55 Al ]l*]l A]l#l$.
]l$ MZ 66 $]l $W]l]l Q$. M>st 66 Al ]l*]l A]l#l$.
D {MS$ yl$ l$ MZ 55, 66 Al ]l*$ A*. M>st "O yl*'
Al ]l*]l A]l#l$.
7. G) 11,22 ) 66,77
) 33,44 yl) 77,88
]l*]l ()
{ BlZ yl$ Q$. A]l MS*y 11 VS$g. { fl ]l$l ]l
MS*y V> E. M>st ]l$ MZ () 66,77 $]l $W]l A
B]lZ lls Q Q, y Q Q$V> E.
8. G) 25 ) 64
) 71yl) 36
]l*]l ()
71 $]l $W]l]l MS_alOl$]l ]l>Y$.
9. G) 42 ) 30
) 110 yl) 122
]l*]l (yl)
122 $]l $W]l]l ]lY QMS$ Al Q$ MSyl ]l ]lâ.
62 + 6 = 42; 52 + 5 = 30; 102 + 10 = 110
10. G) 3, 5, 11
) 7, 17, 19
) 5, 15, 17 yl) 11, 13, 17
]l*]l ()
{ BlZ ]lyl$ Q$. Bl () $]l $W]l BlZ A {]l
Q E. M> ()Z E]l "15' { ]l Q M>l$.
11. G) 10 ) 11) 15yl) 16
]l*]l ()
11 $]l $W]l]l MS Q$.
12. G) 2345 ) 3456
) 5467
yl) 5678
]l*]l ()
5467 $]l $VS QZ AMS JMS ]l$ {MS]l$Z ]lâ.
Page no #107
VSl SZ ]l_a]l {$
1. $t VS$$ fr Q$ D MS sZ H? ({VS*&1 2004)

G) 34&43 ) 62&71
) 55&62 yl) 83&92
]l*]l ()
55&62Z $]l $W]l { fl QZ ]l "9'. M> 55&62Z ]l "7'
]l*{ll$.
2. 441, 484, 529, 566, 625Z JMS Q ]lOl $. B Q H?
({VS*&1 2003, gG 2003)
G) 484 ) 529 ) 625 yl) 566
]l*]l (yl)
3. Cl$Z Ol$l]l]l Q?
(gG 2004)
G) 1 ) 27 ) 64yl) 81
]l*]l (yl)
81 $]l $W]l]l MS_alOl$]l $]l Q$.
81 $]l Q M>l$, ]lY Q ]l*{ll$.
4. ]lOl$]l Q H MS]l$MPyl.
(VShsyl 2006)
G) 9 ) 25 ) 36yl) 48
]l*]l (yl)
48 $]l $W]l ]lY Q$.
5. ]lOl$]l AMS 1 Q H MS]l$MPyl? (l VShsyl 2005)
G) 9 ) 12 ) 6 yl) 18
]l*]l (G)
9 $]l $W]l Q$.
9 $]l $W]l]l 6 VS$g$.

]lz M>MS st
Page no #108
(l ]lYMS S)
{VS*&1, 2, 4, , Cl s SZ l ]lYMS, R ]lYMSO {$

]l$.
Cl$Z $VS$ Il$ $ V>, Q$ V> C $. Al$Z JMS l Q
$]l $W]l]l JMS MS$r$MS ^l Es. As A]l H JMS * S]l$
MSW Es. Cl$Z B MS$r$MS ^llMS$y {lMSV> E]l Q]l$ V>, V>
MS]l$MP.
JMS l $]l $W]l]l JMS MS$r$MS ^l Es. MS$r$ Al
{^lV> G MS$r$$. EMS$ , $ JMS
MS$r$. AllV> $, l$VS$$, ]l$$, E$, $VS$$,
$$... C G MS$r$ ]l$ ^lM]l^l$a.
E$
MS sZ l$V> E]l VS$^lyl.

1. G) VS$ ) l
) yl)
]l*]l: ()
l $]l $VS ]lyl$ *$O N N$.
l ]l*{l sZ N #]l#.
2. G) l$MS
) W
) MS yl) O
]l*]l: () & MS $]l $VS ]lyl* M>a B$
3. G) ZMS $$
) >f $$
) {]l]l${
yl) >
]l*]l: (yl)
> $]l $VS $ l$sZ H JMS Z $$. > H Z]l*
$$ M>$.
Page no #109
4. G) k) VSr
) M> yl) $
]l*]l: ()
M> $]l $VS]l M>MS l {]l*$.
5. G) ]ll
) V]l
) l yl)
]l*]l: ()
V> llZ ]ll$ l*$ Ol# {]l. M> M ]ll$$ ]l*{l
yl]l$ Ol# {]l. O sZ V]l l $VS ]ll$ yl]l$ Ol#
{]l.
yl]l$ Ol# {]l^l ]ll$$

]ll, l, , ]l$, ]l*yl, k, >]l, l{]l, *,
llO]l.
6. G) MS~ ) ]lYyl
) l$lMS yl) {M>
]l*]l: ()
]lYyl $]l $VS h ylM>t$ Al hZ ]l#.
Al rtZ yl M>t h$
h$ yl M>t
l$lMS V>ylz
V>ylz M>>l
l*$V]l
M>MSyl
a]l$V]l
H*$
MS~
]l$_r
{M> JV$
7. G) ) BMS$^la
) G$# yl) ]l$#
]l*]l: (yl)
]l$# $]l $VS ]lyl$ VS$$ , BMS$^la, G$#]l$ {l$MS VS$$
As$.
Page no #110
G) H{ ) f]l]l
) BVSt yl) AMt
]l*]l: (G) & H{Z $]l $VS lZ 31 k$ Es.
31 k$yl l$
f]l]l, ]l*a, l$, kO, BVSt, AMt, yl
30 k$yl l$
H{, l, t, ]l]l
VS]l$MS: {]l lZ ]llZ 28 k$, ]llZ 29
k$s.
9. G) ^l{l$yl$ ) $l$yl$
) *$ yl) ${MS$yl$
]l*]l: (G)
^l{l$yl$ $]l $VS]l {VS$.
^l{l$yl$ ]l*{l E{VS.
10.
G) ]lO ) M_al
) Ol$* yl) >Qrt
]l*]l: ()
Ol$* $]l $VS]l Kyl ]l#$.
11.
G) f VSl ) {M$
) AMSVSl yl) VSl>
]l*]l: (yl)
VSl> $]l $VS]l VSl>Z l >Q$.
12.
G) Ol>l ) VMSN
) V>]lVS yl) Ds ]lVS
]l*]l: ()
VMSN $]l $W]l]l l lZ VS l > >f]l$$.
13.
G) GMS ) sl
) yl* yl) l*ll
]l*]l: (G)
GMS $]l $W]l]l G[M>tMS $yl*MS$ _]l.
14.
G) M ) yl^la
8.
Page no #111
) S yl) ^llVSl
]l*]l: (G)
M $]l $W]l]l MS{ll {$.
15.
G) uMS$yl$ ) ^ll
) {r yl)
]l*]l: (G) & uMS$yl$ $]l $W]l l* #MS l*Z l lZ l]l$
]l$ A^l$.
16.
G) A]l$ ) ]l
) ${l$yl$ yl) l$yl$
]l*]l: ()
${l$yl$ $]l $VS l* JMS MS$r$MS ^l]l$.
17.
G) MSl ) MSP]l
) O]l yl) GMSPyl
]l*]l: (yl)
"GMSPyl' Al l $]l $W]l "GMSPyl' Al {MS$ l ]l*$.
18.
G) ]l$V* ) O^l
) MSl yl) V>l
]l*]l: (G)
]l$V* $]l $W]l l> ll>MS l$ l>$.
19.
G) ]l$ ) M>MS$r
) yl) ]l*P
]l*]l: ()
M>MS$r $]l $W]l]l >$yMS E*W^l ]l$]l#$.
20.
G) MSl ) l]l ]l*l
) ylh yl) {sZ
]l*]l: ()
l]l ]l*l $]l $W]l]l Cl$.
V
S
S
Z
]
l
_a
]
l
{
$
MS sZ H l GMSMS$ ]l?
1. G) Cyl$l GMS{ ({VS*&1 2007)
) Cyl* r$yl
Page no #112
) Osl$ B Cyl*
yl)
l*
]l*]l :
Cyl* r$yl $]l $W]l]l BVS ]l{MS$.
2. G) s ({VS*&1 1995)
) Atl$s) V>i
yl) M>t
]l*]l :
3. G) l ({VS*&1 1995)
) ) *^l]l
yl) Bl
]l*]l : yl
4. G) ]ll ({VS*&1 1990&91)
) ^ll${) ^ll${
yl) {$f
]l*]l : G
5. G) *lW VS$rt ({VS*&2 2001)
) ^l) ]l$VSW
yl) l]lyl
]l*]l : yl
l]lyl $]l $W]l ]lyl$ rtZ MS]l$ M$Ol Eyl$.
l]lylZ ]l*{l } >f>g M$Ol E.
6. G) ]lr VS$Y
(g.G 2004)
) {V>Os) V>
yl) ]l{f
]l*]l : & V> $]l $W]l]l M>l *l>$.
7. G) ^l{lVS$]l$yl$
(g.G 2001)
) l$$yl$) AZMS$yl$
yl) MS$Pyl$
]l*]l : yl
MS$Pyl$ $]l $W]l $ ]l {]l*fZ V >k$. MS$Pyl$ ]l*{l
Page no #113
MS$$Z V >k.
8. G) ]l
(g.G 2001)
) {$lMS) M>l
yl) V>]ll
]l*]l :
M>l $]l $W]l $ ^l]l$. M>l ^ll $yl$.
f$l *{$
Page no #114
HO l
JMS Q]l$ ]l$ Q W ^lMS$y, B Q H Q^ll V>

W$ H Q^ll V> W^l l$$M]lyMS E*W^l *{
""f$l *{$''. s l$$M]lyl ]l C_a]l Q Q >
W$ ^l*ylV>l ^l]l^l$a. D *{]l$ .
"2' f$l *{l
Q "2' V> W^l]l^l$a. JMS QZ JMSr l] Z 0, 2, 4, 6,

8Z HJMSs Es A "2' V> W^l]l^l$a. E : 7374 & JMSr l] Z "4'
E. M>st "2' W^l]l^l$a. 5879 & JMSr l] Z 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 Z H R l$
M>st "2' W^l.
"3' f$l *{l
JMS QZ AMS l$$l "3' W B Q "3'^ll V> W^l]l^l$a.

E : 4761& D QZ AMS l$$l = 4 + 7 + 6 + 1 = 18. "18' "3' V>
W^l]l^l$a. M>st 4761 "3' V> W^l]l^l$a. 6374 & D QZ AMS l$$l
= 6 + 3 + 7 + 4 = 20. "20' "3' W^l. M>st 6374 "3'^ll V> W^l.
"4' f$l *{l
JMS QZ l$$, JMSr Z yl$ $$ E l$, JMSr Z E]l

Q "4' Wyll, B Q "4' V> W^l]l^l$a.
E : 87600 & D QZ _]l yl$ Z yl$ $$ E$$. M>st D Q
"4' V> W^l]l^l$a. 7936 & D QZ _]l yl$ Z E]l Q "36'.
36 4 V> W^l]l^l$a. M>st "7936' MS*y "4' V> W]l^l$a. 84721 &
D QZ _]l yl$ Z E]l Q "21'. 21 4 V> W^l. M>st
84721 MS*y "4'^ll W^l.
"5' f$l *{l

Page nol]#115
JMS QZ JMSr l] Z "0' V>, "5'V> Es B Q "5' V> W^
l^l$a.
E : 47350, 63465 D yl$ QZ JMSr Z ]l$V> "0', "5'$ E$$. M>st
D yl$ Q]l$ "5' V> W^l]l^l$a. 64728 & D QZ JMSr l] Z "0'
V>, "5' V> l$. M>st D Q "5' V> W^l.
"6' f$l *{l
"8' f$l *{l
"6'MS$ {lMSV> f$l *{l l$. M> "6']l$ 2 3V> >$$^l$a. As JMS Q "2',
"3' Wyl]lr$$l B Q "6' MS*y V> W^l]l^l$a. JMS QZ
JMSr l] Z 0, 2, 4, 6, 8Z H JMSs Er*, B QZ AMS l$$l "3'
Wyl]lr$$l, B Q"6' MS*y V> W^l]l^l$a. E : 8472 & D QZ
JMSr l] Z "2' E M>st D Q "2' V> W^l]l^l$a. D QZ AMS
l$$l = 8 + 4 + 7 + 2 = 21. 21 "3' V> W^l]l^l$a. M>st D Q "3'
MS*y V> W^l]l^l$a. 8472 Al Q]l$ 2, 3 W^l]l^l$a. M>st 6 MS*y
W^l]l^l$a.
JMS Q _]l ]lyl$ Z ]lyl$ $$ E, _]l ]lyl$ Z E]l

Q 8^ll W^lyl B Q 8 ^ll V> W^l]l^l$a.
E : 567000 & _]l ]lyl$ $$ E$$. M>st D Q 8 V>
W^l]l^l$a.
46752 & _]l ]lyl$ Z E]l Q "8' W^l]l^l$a. M>st D Q MS*y
"8'^ll V> W^l ]l^l$a.
"9' f$l *{l
JMS QZ AMS l$$l "9'^ll W^lyl]lr$$l, B Q MS*y "9'^ll V>

W^l]l^l$a. E : 421758 D QZ AMS l$$l = 4 + 2 + 1 + 7 + 5 + 8 = 27. 27
"9' V> W^l ]l^l$a. M>st D Q]l$ MS*y "9' ^ll V> W^l]l^l$a.
"10' f$l *{l

JMS QZ JMSr ]lZ "0' E]lyl$ ]l*{ll$ B Q 10 V> W^l ]l^l$a.
E : 4320 & D Q JMSr l] Z "0' E. M>st D Q]l$ "10'Pageno#116

V>
W^l]l^l$a.
D f$l *{$ l$r GsZ Q Bl { l]lZ
E*VSyl$$. EMS$ ]l M> MSlZ Il$ Q_a l$V> E]l
VS$^l]l$ Ayl$VS$$. Al$Z $VS$ Q$ JMS Q^ll W^lyl, JMSs l$V>
Eyl]l^l$a. Cs l>Z D *{$ E*VSyl$$.
f$l *{$&2
Page no #117
l$r GsZ {lMSV> Q$, f$l

*{ VS$_ sSZ l$V> {$yl]l#.
M> s BV> S lZ {$ ]l^la
A]lM> E. M>st s SMS$ l]l$]l#l$]l
A$MS$ M {l$MS A>$ l$y.
f Q$
MSP^lyMS E*W^l Ql f Qs$. N *_$.
N = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ......}
N>~M>$

f Q r$ "$' E]l Q ]l$ N>~M>$ As$. s W
*_$.
W = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ....}
N~Q$
f Q r$ "$', $ Q]l$ MS N~Q$ As$. Z
*_$.
Z = {.... 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ....}
AMS$ Q$:
q $]l $ M>MS$y p *Z
q
E:
>$VSW]l Q]l$ AMS$ Qs$.
1 2 3 7
, , ,
2 5 5 9
Q$:
2 V> Wl]l$$ Q]l$ Qs$. ()
JMSr l] Z 0, 2, 4, 6, 8Z H JMSs E]l Q]l$ Qs$.
E: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, .....
Q$:
2 V> Wl]l$]l Q]l$ Qs$. ()
JMSr l] Z 1, 3, 5, 7, 9Z H JMSs Es B Q]l$ Qs$.
E: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, ....
Page no #118
MS Q$
HOl JMS QMS$ JMSs, Al Q M>MS$y Cl M>M>$ MS*y Es s MS
Qs$.
E: 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, ....
{]l Q$:
JMSs, Al Q l Cl M>M>$ Q]l$ {]l Q$ {M>$
As$.
E: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, ....
"1' {]l Q M>l$, MS Q M>l$.
"2' {]l Q, Q A]l HOMSMS {]l Q.
"2' $]l $VS {M> Q. M> Q {]l Q$ M>]l#.
E: 9, 15, 21, 25, 27,....$ Q$. M> C { ]l Q$ M>]l#.
100 Z# 25 {]l Q$.
100 & 200 ]l$l 20 { ]l
Q $.
s: ]ll ]lMS$ E]l {]l Q]l$ VS$^l Ey.
]lY Q$:
HOl JMS Q]l$, Al Q VS$ ]l^la Q]l$ ]lYQ As$.
a ]lY = a a = a2
(MS 35 ]lMS$ ]lYQ$ ]l_a Ey)
12 = 1, 22 = 4, 32 = 9, 42 = 16, 52 = 25, 62 = 36, 72 = 49, 82 = 64, 92 = 81, 102 = 100,
112 = 121, 122 = 144, 132 = 169, 142 = 196, 152 = 225, 162 = 256, 172 = 289, 182 = 324,
192 = 361, 202 = 400, 212 = 441, 222 = 484, 232 = 529, 242 = 576, 252 = 625, 262 = 676,
272 = 729, 282 = 784, 292 = 841, 302 = 900, 312 = 961, 322 = 1024, 332 = 1089, 342 =
1156, 352 = 1225
$]l Q$:
a JMS

f Q A]l$MS$s a $]l a3 A]l#l$. a3 = a a a (MS 15 ]lMS$
$]l$ l$aM).
13 = 1, 23 = 8, 33 = 27, 43 = 64, 53 = 125, 63 = 216, 73 = 343, 83 = 512, 93 = 729, 103 =
1000, 113 = 1331, 123 = 1728, 133 = 2197, 143 = 2744, 153 = 3375
Page no #119
1. f$l *{$
s >$l* l MS$y l$M]l A f$l *{$. s A
Q B ]l_a]l { ^lyMS C ylyl.
HOl Q]l$, ]l$ Q VS ^l$MS$y, _]l *{ > A Wl
]l$]l#l$, l$$M]lyMS D f $l *{$ E*VSyl.
2. f$l *{l
Q "2' V> Wl]l$]l# .
QZ JMSr l] Z 0, 2, 4, 6, 8Z H JMSs Es A "2' V> Wl
]l$]l#l$.
E: 346, 788, 5346
3. f$l *{l
QZ AMS ll "3' WlOl$l.. B Q MS*y 3 Wl]l$]l#l$.
E: 2574
2 + 5 + 7 + 4 = 18
"18' Al Q "3' Wl]l$]l#l$. M>st 2574 MS*y 3 Wl]l$]l#l$.
4. f$l *{l
QZ _]l yl$ Z yl$ $$, _]l yl$ Z E]l Q 4
WlOl$l, B Q 4 V> Wl]l$]l# l$.
E: 8400, 3500Z _]l yl$ Z yl$ $$ E. M>st C V>

Wl]l$]l#.
7832, 3584Z _]l yl$ Z Q$ 32, 84$ 4 Wl]l$]l#. M>st D
Q$ MS*y "4' V> Wl]l$]l# .
5. f$l *{l
QZ JMSr l] Z "0' "5' Z H JMSs Es B Q "5' V> Wl]l$
]l#l$.
E: 280, 395, 12370, 26385.
Page no #120
6. f$l *{l
2, 3 Wl]l$$ { Q 6 Wl]l$]l#l$. ()
HOl JMS Q JMSr l] Z 0, 2, 4, 6, 8Z H JMSs Er*, B QZ AMS ll
"3' WlOl$l B Q "6' Wl]l$]l# l$.
E: 237846
O Q JMSr l] Z 6 E M>st C "2' Wl]l$]l#l$. All V> D Q Z
AMS ll 2 + 3 + 7 + 8 + 4 + 6 = 30. D 30 "3' Wl]l$]l#l$.
237846 Al Q "2', "3' Wl]l$]l#l$. M>st C "6' MS*y
Wl]l$]l#l$.
7. f$l *{l
C_a]l QZ _]l AMS]l$ $]l_, st# ^l $VS Q ]l$_
l*. ]l_a]l lZ _]l AMS]l$ $]l_, st# ^l, ]l$ $VS
Q ]l$_ l*. _]l ]lMS$ ^l]l l>l.. _]l $W]l Q "7' Wl Ol$l...
B Q MS*y "7' Wl]l$]l#l$.
7 f$l *{lZ *{l {M> MSs OylMStV> ^l$yl >l lV> ^l$ VS$VS$.
E:
488894
488894
8
48881
2
4886
12
476
12
35
_]l 35 $W. "7' 35 Wl]l$ ]l#l$. M>st 488894 MS*y "7' Wl]l$]l#l$.
8. f$l *{l
Q _]l ]lyl$ $$ E, _]l ]lyl$ Z E]l Q "8' V>
Page no #121
WlOl$ B Q "8' V> Wl]l$]l#l$.
E: 27000, 9000, 8336
9. f$l *{l
QZ AMS ll "9' WlOl$l B Q MS*y "9' Wl]l$]l#l$.
E: 234153
D QZ AMS ll 2 + 3 + 4 + 1 +5 +3 = 18. 18, "9' Wl]l$]l#l$. M>st
234153 MS*y "9' Wl]l$]l#l$.
10. f$l *{l
Q JMSr ]lZ "$' E]lyl$ ]l*{ll$ B Q "10' Wl]l$]l#l$.
E: 2340, 42890, 790, 260.
11. f$l *{l
QZ ll , l ]l $ 11 VS$f Al
B Q "11' V> Wl]l$]l#l$.
E: 2 7 0 9 5 2
2+0+5=7
7 + 9 + 2 = 18
18 & 7 = 11
s ]l "11'.
11 VS$f M>st 270950, "11' V> Wl]l$]l#l$.
VSr$-&1
Page no #122
VSr$]l$ > AMSVSl VSr$ AMS]l$l]l$ ]l$l]l$ A MS*y $$.

JMS ]lZ A >$MS$ {l ]l^l > B ]l VSr$ >
A As$.
>$ ll
VSr$ = ...................
>$ Q
>$ ll = VSr$ >$ Q
VS]l$MS:
>$ VSr$]l$ MS]l$MPs B >$ JMS {]l*Z Ey.
E:
MS >$ VSr$ Gl?
2 VSr$, 4 VSr$, 6 VSr$, 90 $$, 3600 MS]l$.
]l*]l:
C_a]l >$s VSrZMS ]l*a >....
2 VSr$, 4 VSr$, 6 VSr$, 1.5 VSr$, 1 VSr
VSr$ = 2 + 4 + 6 + 1.5 + 1 VSr$
5
14.5
= 2.9
5
VSr$
= 2.9 60 $$
= 174 $$
= 2 VSr 54 $$
t VSr$ = 2 VSr 54 $$
E:
1 1 1 1
VSr$ Gl?
, , ,
2 3 4 5
]l*]l:
VSr$ =
1 1 1 1
+ + +
2 3 4 5
4
30 + 20 + 15 + 12 1
60
4
77
240
Page no #123
VSr$ = 77
240
VSr$ = (n + 1)(2n + 1)
1. lls 'n'
f Q VSr$ =
2. lls 'n'

f Q ]l>Y
n +1
2
]lQOl$]l *{$:
lls 'n'
f Q $
2
n
n
+
1
(
)
VSr$ =
4
3.
lls 'n' Q VSr$ = 'n'

lls 'n' Q VSr$ = n +1
MS lls 25 {]l Q]l$ VS$$^l$M.
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89,
97.
(C]l 100 Z# {]l Q$)
E:
lls 999 f Q VSr$ Gl?
]l*]l:
4.
5.
6.
VSr$ =
999 + 1
2
= 500

f Q VSr$ = 500
lls 999
E:
lls 30 f Q ]l>Y VSr$ Gl?
]l*]l:
VSr$ = (n + 1)(2n + 1)
Page no #124
(30 + 1)(2 30 +1 )
(31)(61)
VSr$ =
1891
6
1891
6
E:
lls 100 Q VSr$, lls 100 Q VSr$ ]l$l l?
]l*]l:
lls 100 Q VSr$ = 100+1
= 101
lls 100 Q VSr$ = 100
O yls l = 101 100
=1
]l*]l = 1
E :
Hyl$ ]l$ f Q VSr$ 150. Al Al$Z MSt, VSt Q]l$ MS]l$V]lyl.
]l*]l:
Hyl$ ]l$ f Q]l$ MS lV> A]l$Ms...
x 3, x 2, x 1, x, x + 1, x + 2, x +3
VSr$ =
Page no #125
x 3 + x 2 + x 1+ x + x + 1+ x + 2+ x + 3
7
=
7x
7
=x
M> l {M> s VSr$ = 150

x = 150
MSt Q = x 3 = 150 3
= 147
2x5, 2x3, 2x1, 2x+1, 2x+3, 2x+5
VSt Q = x + 3 = 150 + 3 = 153

E :
B$ ]l$ Q VSr$ 64 Al B Q]l MS]l$V]lyl.
]l*]l:
B$ ]l$ Q]l$ MS lV> A]l$Ms...
VSr$ =
12 x
=
= 2x
6
2x 5 + 2 x 3 + 2 x 1 + 2 x +1 + 2 x + 3 + 2 x + 5
6
M> l {M> s VSr$ = 64
2x = 64
Q$
B
64 5, 64 3, 64 1, 64 + 1, 64 + 3, 64 + 5 As...
59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69

E:
lls {]l Q VSr$ Gl?
]l*]l:
lls {]l Q$
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29
VSr$ =
2 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 11 + 13 + 17 + 19 + 23 + 29
10
Page no #126
129
10
= 12.9
]l*]l = 12.9
VSr$&2
Page no #127
ClMS$ ]lls BtMSZ "VSr$'MS$ _]l {l$MS

A>]l$ l$aMS$. Cyl$ l ]l$M {]l$
.
E$
1. AMS ]l$ ]l*a]lsMS $]l ]l* ylMS Q VSr$ Gl?
(.yl.G. 2003)
]l*]l:
VSr$ =
11 + 22 + 33 + 44 + 55 + 66 + 77 + 88+ 99
9
=
(11 + 99 ) + (22 + 88 ) + (33 + 77 )+ (44 + 66 )+ 55

9
110 + 110 + 110 +110 + 55

9
495
9
= 55
VSr$ = 55
2. 25 ]l$ $$ E]l JMS lVS VSr$ ]l$$ 15 H$. Cl$ZMS s^l$ ]l$$]l$
MS*y VS]lZMS $MS$s ll VSr$ ]l$$ Hy $VS$ l$. Al s^l$
]l$$ Gl?
]l*]l:
>$ ll = >$ Q VSr$
Al *{ A]l$_..
25 ]l$ $ ]l$$ ll = 25 15
= 375 H$.
s^l$]l$ MS*y VS]lZMS $MS$s (ll 26 ]l$) ]l^la VSr$ = 15+1 = 16 H$.
26 ]l$ ]l$$ ll =
Page no #128
26 16
= 416 H$.
s^l$ ]l$$ = 416 375
= 41 H$.
]l*]l = 41 H$.
3. JMS s]l$l l]l 13]l CVSZ 73 $VS$$ ^l Al VSr$ yl$ $VS$$ W.
Al 13]l CVSMS$ ]ll$ B sl$l VSr$ Gl?
]l*]l:
12]l CVS ]lMS$ sl$l VSr$ = x A]l$MS$s
Ayl$ 12]l CVS ]lMS$ Alyl$ ^l ]l ll $VS$$ = 12 x
l {M>
12x + 73 = 13(x+2)
73 26 = 13x 12x
x = 47
13]l CVSMS$ ]ll$ sl$l VSr$ = 47
4. lVSZ 50 ]l$ $Z 30 ]l$ $$, 20 ]l$ MS$ E$. JMS SZ
$ VSr$ ]l*$P$ 40, MS VSr$ ]l*$P$ 45. Al JMS $yl ]l*$P$ "60'MS
l$$ "30', JMS MS ]l*$P$ "50'MS l$$ "70'V> lV> $MS$$. $,
MS O]l VSr$]l$, lVS VSr$]l$ MS]l$V]lyl?
(HG, {VS*&1&2008)
]l*]l:
"30' ]l$ $ O ]l ]l*$P$ ll = 3040 30+60
= 1200& 30+60
= 1230 (1)
$
O ]l VSr$ = 1230
30
= 41 ]l*$P$
AVS "20' ]l$ MS O ]l ]l*$P ll = 2045 70+50
= 900 70+50
= 880 (2)
MS
O ]l VSr$ = 880
20
= 44 ]l*$P$
Page no #129
(1), (2) ]l$_ lVSZ "50' ]l$ O]l ]l*$P$ ll =

1230 + 880 = 2110
lVS
VSr$ = 2110
50
= 42.2 ]l*$P$
50
3
5
= 10 3
= 7 ]l$.
MlV> Hyl]l l VSr$ = 7
5. JMS l VSr$ 50. B lZ { > 5 W_, B l>l "3' l Hyl

Ml l VSr$ Gl?
]l*]l:
JMS lZ { JMSP >O {*W_]l {l$MS VSl {{MS$]l$ (+, , , )
Al {MS]l$Z VSr$ $l {*W Ml l VSr$ ]l$. O *{ A]l$_
C_a]l l VSr$ "50' 5 W_, "3']l$ l,
6. 3 H {MSl 5 ]l$ $$ E]l JMS MS$r$ VSr$ ]l$$ "17' H$. l>l B
MS$r$Z JMS ylz f_. {$l MS*y B MS$r$ VSr$ ]l$$ 17 H. Al
B ylz {$l ]l$$]l$ MS]l$V]lyl? (G.G.. 2004)
]l*]l:
5 ]l$ VSr$ ]l$$ 3 H {MSl 17 H$. M>st { $l 5 ]l$ VSr$ ]l$$ = 17 +
3
= 20 H$.
{ $l 5 ]l$ ]l$$
ll = 20 5
= 100 H$.
MlV> f_]l ylz {$l ]l$$ 'x' A]l$MS$s
l {M> {$l "6' ]l$ MS$r$ $ VSr$ ]l$$ MS*y 17 H. As
100 + x
= 17
6
100 + x
= 17 6 = 102
x=2
Page no #130
a 0.4 2
=
=
b 0.6 3
16.4 a + 15.4 b = 15.8 (a+b)

16.4 a 15.8 a
= 15.8 b 15.4 b
0.6 a = 0.4 b
As B ylz {$l ]l$$

= 2 H$.
7. JMS lVSZ $ VSr$ ]l$$ 15.8 H$. B lVSZ $ VSr$ ]l$$ 16.4
H$, MS VSr$ ]l$$ 15.4 H$. Al lVS E]l $, MS
MS]l$V]lyl?
(GI K 2002)
]l*]l:
lVSZ $]l$ Q = 'a',
MS]l$ Q = 'b' A]l$MS$s
Ayl$ ll $$ = a + b
$ ]l$$ ll + MS ]l$$ ll
= lVSZ Al ]l$$ ll
MS QMS$ VS =
As lVSZ $ QMS$,
2 : 3
]l*]l = 2 : 3
1. 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, .........

G) 56 ) 55) 54yl) 53
2. 2, 6, 21, 88, .........
G) 435 ) 440 ) 445
3. 3, 7, 16, 35, .........
G) 73 ) 74) 72yl) 70
4. 2, 4, 12, 48, .........
]l & ]l* {$
yl) 345
2
3
G) 144 ) 96) 192 yl) 240

5. 324, 196, 256, 169, ....
G) 225
) 196
) 144
yl) H M>l$
6. 3, 9, 21, 45, .....
G) 90 ) 93) 92yl) 91
7. 0, 2, 10, 42, .......
G) 170
) 68
) 166
yl) H M>l$
8. 1, 4, 15, ....... 325
G) 63
) 64
) 80
yl) H M>l$
9. 2, 3, 7, ....., 121
G) 26
) 28
) 25
yl) H M>l$
10. 7, 10, 19, ....., 127
G) 46 ) 100 ) 81yl) 49
Page no #131
]l*$
1
5
9
2
6
10G
3
7G
4 yl
8
VSr$&3
Page no #132
]l {VS*# VSr$:
JMS {VS*#Z >$ Q 'P', VSr$ 'x', ]l$MS {VS*#Z
>$ Q 'q', VSr$ 'y' Al B yl$ {VS*#]l$ MSl
Hyl ${]l$ {VS*# VSr$ =
Px + qy
P+q
JMSl ]lyl$ {VS*#$ E]lrl (]ly {VS*#Z >$ Q 'r', VSr$ 'z' Al),
${]l$ {VS*# VSr$ =
Px + qy + rz
P+q+r
E:
1000 ]l$ EVS$$ JMS MSZ EW VSr$ il $. 10,000. #$ EVS$ VSr$
il $. 10,400, ]l$ EVS$ VSr$ il $. 8,400. Al MSZ ]l$
EVS$ >ll$l?
(HG, {VS*&1&l*yl 2007)
]l*]l:
#$ EVS$ Q = 'x' A]l$ MS$s, ]l$ EVS$ Q = '1000x' A]l#l$.
Ayl$ ${]l$ {VS*# VSr$ *{ A]l$_
10,400 x + 8,400(1000 x )
= 10,000
x + 1000 x
84,00,000 + 2,000x =
1,00,00,000
2,000x = 16,00,000
x = 800
]l$ EVS$
Q = 1000x
= 1000 800 = 200
]l$ EVS$ >l=
200
100 = 20
1000
MSZ 20% ]l$ EVS$$ E$.
Page no #133
20 85 + 40 20 + 40 x
= 56
20 + 40 + 40
x=
1700 + 800 + 40x = 5,600

40x = 3,100
E:
JMS lVSZ ll 100 ]l$ $ VSr$ ]l*$P$ 56. lls 20 ]l$ $
VSr$ ]l*$P$ 85. _]l 40 ]l$ $ VSr$ ]l*$P$ 20. Al $W]l $
VSr$ ]l*$P$ Gl?
]l*]l:
lls 20, _]l 40 ]l$ $]l$ $]l, $W]l $$
= 100 20 40 = 40
D 40 ]l$ $ VSr$ ]l*$P$ = 'x' A]l$MS$s, Ayl$ ${]l$ {VS*# VSr$
*{ A]l$_
3,100
= 77.5
40
= 77.5
$W]l $ VSr$ ]l*$P$
VSr$&M>$
VSl# VSr$ ]lyl$ M>$:

1. AMSVSl# VSr$ ]l$l]l$:
VSr$ > As V> AMS ]l$l]l$ Al A. ]l$]l C]lMS
^la^.
2. VS$ ]l$l]l$:
x1, x2, x3,.......xn Al >$ VS$ ]l$l ]l$ =
a, b Al yl$ >$ VS$ ]l$l]l$
1
x1.x2. x3..... xn n
= ab
E:
9, 4 VS$ ]l$l]l$ Gl?

]l*]l:
VS$ ]l$l ]l$ =
Page no #134
94
36
=6
3. >lMS ]l$l]l$:
n
1 1
1
1
+
+ + ...... +
x1 x2 x3
xn
a, b Al yl$ >$ >lMS
2ab
]l$l ]l$ = a + b
a, b, c Al ]lyl$ >$ >lMS ]l$l]l$ =
3abc
ab + bc + ca
HOl]l l>MS O ]lyl$ M> VSr$]l$ MS]l$MP]l^l$a. s ]l$l l D

lV> Er$.
AMS ]l$l]l$ VS$ ]l$l]l$ >lMS ]l$l]l$.
C_a]l lZ A >$$ ]l* ]lV> E]lyl$ ]l*{ll$ O ]lyl$ VSr$$ MS*y
]l*]lV> Es.
>lMS ]l$l]l*MS MS yl$ E *V>$ E.
C_a]l
x1, x2, x3,.......xn Al >$ >lMS ]l$l]l$
1. VSr$ lVS:
l lZ {*_]l l* V> E]lyl$ B* lZ lV> >lMS
]l$l]l$l$ VSr$ lVS A]l#l$.
2. VSr$ l:
JMS ]l$]l# M]l$V$O l M>Z ]l*]l r$tyl$$ st]lyl$ B* M>Z B
]l$]l# l >lMS ]l$l ]l$l$ B ]l$]l# VSr$ l A]l#l$.
Page no #135
E:
JMS ]lMS P ]l$_ QMS$ VSrMS$ 3 MS.$. lVS ^l$MS$yl$. ]l$ W Q ]l$_ PMS VSrMS$
6 MS.$. lVS ^l>yl$. Al Al VSr$ lVS VSrMS$ Gl? ({VS*&2, 2008)
]l*]l:
P ]l$_ QMS$, Q ]l$_ PMS ]l*]l l* Er$ M>st B yl$ lV> >lMS
]l$l]l$l$ VSr$ lVS A]l#l$.
36
9
VSr$ lVS =
2 3 6
3+6
=4
VSr$ lVS VSrMS$ 4 MS.$.
E:
]l# 20 KMPH lVS A ]l$_ BMS, B ]l$_ AMS 60 KMPH lVS {*
> lVS Gl? ${l$yl$ X ]l$_ YMS V> 30 KMPH lVS {*_
AVSrZ ^l$MS$yl$. Y ]l$_ ZMS 40 KMPH lVS {*_ JMSs]l VSrZ
^l$MS$s ${l$yl VSr$ lVS Gl?
({VS*&1 l$l 2008)
]l*]l:
VSr$ lVS =
2 20 60
20 + 60
2400
80 = 30
VSr$ lVS = 30 KMPH

l ]l$_ X, Y ]l$l l* =
1
30
2
= 15 MS.$.
40
3
2
Page no #136
Y, Z ]l$l l* =
= 60 MS.$.
X, Y ]l$l l*, Y, Z ]l$l l*
]l*]l M>l$ M>st VSr$ lVS
ll l*
=
ll M>
75
= 37.5
2
${l$yl
VSr$ lVS =
37.5 KMPH
15 + 60
1 3
+
2 2
E:
$VS$ l$ lZ r$ l $. 18, $. 20, $. 22, $. 25V> E. JMS ]lMS D
$VS$ lZ]l* M]l$V$O ]l*]lV> Q$a ^l r$ VSr$ l Gl?
( &l$l, 2004)
]l*]l:
$VS$ lZ]l* r$tyl/Q$a ]l*]lV> E M>st B* l >lMS ]l$l]l$l$
VSr$ l A]l#l$.
VSr$ l =
4
1
1
1
1
+
+
+
18 20 22 25
4
550 + 495 + 450 + 396
9900
4 9900
1891
= 20.9413
VSr$ l = $. 20.94
r$
VS]l$MS:
Page no #137
a, b, c, d Al $VS$ >$ >lMS ]l$l]l$ =
Al *{ MS*y O ]l$Z E*W^l]l^l$a.
4 abcd
abc + abd + acd + bcd
Page no #138
VSr$&4
"VSr$'MS$ _]l M E]l$ ---.
E$:
1. JMS u>Z 50 ]l$ $]l$ A, B, C Al MSl$V> h^$. D 50 ]l$
$$ JMS SMS$ f *$. A, B MS]l $]l$ MSl VSr$ ]l*$P$ 52.5.
Al l V> A, C MS]l]l$ MSl VSr$ 60 ]l*$P$, B, C MS]l]l$ MSl VSr$ 70
]l*$P$, ]lyl$ MS]l* MSl VSr$]l 60 ]l*$P$ ]lâ. Al 'C' MSlZ
$ Q Gl?
(A, B MS]lZ $ Q ]l* ]lV> E)
]l*]l:
A, B MS l] Z JMP MS l Z $
Q = 'x' A]l$Ms...
Ayl$ 'C' MS l Z $ Q = 50 2x
>$ ll = >$ Q VSr$ Al *{ A]l$_ A, B yl$ MS]lZ
$ ]l*$P ll
= (x + x) 52.5
= 105x (1)
Cl l V>, 'A', 'C' MS l $ ]l*$P ll = (x + 50 2x) 60
= (50 x) 60
= 3000 60x (2)
'B', 'C' MSl $ ]l*$P ll =
(x + 50 2x) 70
= (50 x) 70
= 3500 70x (3)
A, B, C ]lyl$ MS]l $ ]l*$P ll = 50 60
= 3000 (4)
(1), (2), (3) & (4) ]l$_
105x + 3000 60x + 3500 70x = 2 3000

6500 25x = 6000
25x = 6500 6000 = 500
500 = 20
x=
Page no #139
25
Cyl$ 'C' MSlZ $ Q
= 50 2x
= 50 2 20
= 50 40 = 10
'C' MSlZ "10' ]l$ $$ E$.
= 4,840 (1)
2. JMS SZ 55 ]l$ $ VSr$ ]l*$P$ 88. lls $VS$ >MS$$ ]l

$]l$ $]l VSr$ ]l*$P$ "4' lVS$Y. y >MS$ ]l MS
133 ]l*$P$ ]lâ. ]l*$P$ A N>~M>$V>l E. H Cl$ $MS*
]l*]l ]l*$P$ >l$. Al lls >MS$ _]l MS MStV> G
]l*$P$ ]l^la A]lM> E?
]l*]l:
>$ ll = >$ Q VSr$ Al *{ A]l$_, 55 ]l$ $
]l*$P ll = 55 88
lls 4 >MS$$ ]l $]l, $W]l 51 ]l$ $ VSr$

]l*$P$ = 88 4 = 84
D 51 ]l$ $ ]l*$P ll =
51 84
= 4,284 (2)
(1), (2) ]l$_ lls "4' >MS$$ ]l $ ]l*$P ll =
4,840 4,284 = 556
l {M> ]lyl$, $VS$ >MS$$ ]l $MS$ VSt ]l*$P$ ]l$V>

132, 131 ]l^la A]lM> E.
lls >MS$ ]l MS >]lyMS A]lM> E]l MSt ]l*$P$
= 556 (133 + 132 + 131)
= 556 396 = 160
Page no #140
3. ]lyl$ QZ lls Q y QMS$ st#. ]ly Q y QZ VS.

]lyls AMS]l$l]l$ 42 Al B ]lyl$ Q VS$ ]l$l ]l$, >lMS
]l$l]l*]l$ MS]l$V]lyl.
]l*]l:
]ly Q = 'x' A]l$MS$s....
Ayl$ y Q = 2x,
lls Q = 4x A]l#l$.
>$ ll
AMS]l$l]l$ =
>$ Q
4x + 2x + x
3
7x
3
Al *{ A]l$_, D ]lyl$ Q AMS]l$ l]l$
l {M>
7x
= 42
3
3
7
x = 42
= 18
]lyl$ Q$ = 418, 218, 18
= 72, 36, 18 A]l#.
a, b, c, VS$ ]l$l ]l$
(a b c )3 .
Al *{ A]l$_,
D ]lyl$ Q VS$ ]l$l]l$
= (72 36 18 )
1
3
= (2 36 36 18 )3
1
= (36 36 36 )3
= 36
VS$ ]l$l]l$ = 36
a, b, c >lMS ]l$l]l$ =
3
1 1 1
+ +
a b c
Page no #141
Al *{
A]l$_, O ]lyl$ Q >lMS ]l$l]l$

=
3
1
1
1
+
+
72 36 18
3
1+ 2 + 4
72
216
7
72
7
= 30. 857
= 3
>lMS ]l$l]l$ = 30.857
O E ]l$_ ]l$]l MS * VS]l$^l]l^l$a.

AMS]l$l]l$ VS$]l$l]l$ > lMS ]l$l]l$.
4. JMS ]l VSZ 100 ]l$ $$ E$. 20 ]l$ $$ Al]lV> ^lV> JMSP

kMS$ ]l VS MS$ A$ Q$a *. 400 W, JMP $ylMS kMS$ VSr$]l
A$ Q$a *. 2.50 lWY. Al {$l B ]l VS MS$ lMS$ A$ ll
Q$a Gl?
]l*]l:
20 ]l$ $$ ^lMS ]ll$ JMP $ylMS VSr$]l JMSP kMS$ ]l VS MS$
A$ Q$a = *. x A]l$ MS$s
Ayl$ 100 ]l$ $MS$ VSr$]l JMSP kMS$ A$ Q$a = *. 100x.
l {M>, 20 ]l$ Al]lV> ^l]l l>l JMSP k ]l VS MS$ A$
Q$a =
*. 100x + 400 (1)
]l VSZ $ Q
= 100 + 20
= 120
JMP $ylMS VSr$]l JMP kMS$ A$ Q$a =
*.
100 x + 400
120
= *.
= *.
Page no #142
100 x 400
+
120 120
5 x 10
+
6
3
l {M>
10 5
5x
+ = x
3 2
6
x 20 + 15 35
=
=
6
6
6
5 x 10
5
+
= x 2.5 = x
6
3
2
x = 35.
(1) ]l$_, { $l ]l VS MS$ JMSP kMS$ A$ Q$a =
= *. 1,17,000.
100x + 400
= 100 35 + 400
= 3,500 + 400
= *. 3,900
{$l ]l VS MS$ lMS$ A$ Q$a
= *. 3,900 30
Page no #143
VSr$&5
VSr$$ & M l>$
AMS]l$l]l$, VS$]l$l]l$, >lMS ]l$l]l*MS$

_ M l> VS$_ ^la.
AMS]l$l]l$:
x1, x2, x3, ....xn AMS]l$l]l$ = A]l$MS$s A#yl$
i) x1+k, x2+k, x3+k, ....xn+k AMS]l$l]l$ =
As lZ { >MS JMS
Q]l$ MSl s AMS]l$l]l*MS MS*y Al Q]l$ MS.
ii) x1k, x2k, x3k, ....xnk AMS]l$l ]l$ =
iii) kx1, kx2, kx3, ....kxn AMS]l$l ]l$ =
x
x+k
kx
xk
x1 x 2 x 3
x
, , ......, n
k k k
k
x
k
iv)
AMS]l$l ]l$ =
v) lZ { > k >l W lWY s AMS]l$l]l$ MS*y k >l
$VS$l$ lVS$Yl$.
E: JMS MSZ ^l Ml] $ EVS$ VSr$ il 8000 A]l$Myl. A#yl$
i) { EW ll]l *. 500 Wl]l$MS$s, ]l*]l
VSr$ ll]l = 8000 + 500 =
8,500.
ii) { EW ll]l 300 lWYl]l$MS$s, A#yl$ ]l*]l
VSr$ ll]l = 8000 & 300
= 7700.
iii) { EW ll]l stOl]l$MS$s, A#yl$ ]l*]l VSr$ ll]l = 2 8000 =
16,000.
iv) { EW ll]l VSOl$l]l$MS$s, A#yl$ ]l*]l VSr$ ll]l = 8000/2 =
4,000.
v) { EW ll]l 10 >l W l]l$MS$s, A#yl$ ]l*]l VSr$ ll]l =
8000(100+10)/100 = 8,800.
VS$]l$l]l$:
x1, x2, x3, ....xn VS$]l$l]l$ =
x
A]l$MS$s,
Page no #144
i) kx1, kx2, kx3, ....kxn VS$]l$l ]l$ =
kx
As lZ { > JMS Q VS$, s VS$]l$l]l* MS*y Al

Q VS$^.
ii)
iii)
VS$]l$l ]l$ =
1 1 1
1
, , ........
x1 x 2 x 3
xn
x
k
VS$]l$l]l$ =
1
x
x
VS$]l$l ]l$ = ( )
iv)
x1k , x 2k , x 3k ..............x nk
x1 x 2 x 3
x
, , ......, n
k k k
k
>lMS]l$l]l$:
x1, x2, x3, ....x4 >lMS ]l$l]l$ = x A]l$MS$s, A#yl$

x1 x 2 x 3
x
, , ......, n
k k k
k
ii)
x
k
kx
i) kx1, kx2, kx3, ....kxn >lMS]l$l]l$ =
>lMS ]l$l]l$ =
lZ >$ {]l* {]l B* M> VSr$O G Er$ E
> ^la.
E: JMS lVSZ $ $]l#]l$ MSZZ, {V>]lZ ]ll*l$ ^l>$. Il $]l#
{]l* {]l AMS]l$l]l$, VS$]l$l]l$, >lMS ]l$l]l*O Er$,
MS]l$MPyl.
]l*]l: lVSZ $ $]l#]l$ MSZ ]ll*l$ ^l D lV>
E$]l$Myl. w1, w2, w3.....wn MSZ$
D $]l# AMS]l$l]l$= $]l# ll/$]l# Q
= w1+w2+w3+....wn / n MSZ$
= wa MSZ$ A]l$Myl
= 1000 wa {V>]l$ ...........(1)
( 1 MSZ = 1000 {V>]l$)
D $]l# VS$]l$l]l$=
($]l# )1/$]l# Q
Page no #145
= (w1.w2.w3....wn)1/n
MSZ$=wg MSZ$ A]l$Myl

= 1000 wg {V>]l$ ...........(2)
D $]l# >lMS ]l$l]l$ =
$]l# Q/$]l# ]l#{lP]l* ll
=
n
1
1
1
1
+
+
+ ...... +
w1 w 2 w 3
wn
MSZ$ = wn MSZ$ A]l$Myl.

= 1000 wn {V>]l$ ............(3)
C#yl$ $ $]l#]l$ {V>]lZ ]ll*l$ ^l D lV> Es. 1000w1,
1000w2, 1000w3,....1000wn {V>]l$.
1000w2+ 1000w3+ ....1000wn/n
D $]l# AMS]l$l]l$=1000w1+
{V>.
1000 (w1w2w3.......wn) {V>.
= 1000wa {V>]l$ .................(4)
(1) 4 (4) ]l$_ yl$ l>Z $]l# AMS]l$l]l$ ]l*]lV> ]l_a. As
$]l# {]l* {]l AMS]l$l]l$O Eyll ^l]l^l$a. D $]l# VS$]l$l]l$
=(1000w11000w21000w3
...wn)1/n {V>.
=(1000nw1w2w3...wn)1/n{V>.
=1000(w1w2w3...wn)1/n {V>]l$.
= 1000 wg {V>]l$..... (5)
(2), (5) ]l$_ $]l# {]l* {]l VS$]l$l]l$O MS*y Eyll ^l^l$a.
D $]l# >lMS ]l$l]l$
=
n
1
1
1
1
+
+
+ ...... +
1000w 1 1000w 2 1000w 3
1000w n
= 1000
n
1
1
1
1
+
+
+ ...... +
w1 w 2 w 3
wn
{V>]l$
{V>]l$
Page no #146
= 1000 wn {V>]l$..... (6)
(3), (6) ]l$_ $]l# {]l* {]l >lMS ]l$l]l$O MS*y Eyll
^l^l$a.
E: JMS l>$rZ ]ll*Ol]l E~{VSl AMS]l$l]l* MS]l$MPs, B E~{VSl$ H
{]l*Z (s{VSyl$ r$) E, s {]l Eyll$. Al VS$]l$l]l*
VS^lr#yl$ E~{VSl {]l* {]l Er$l *^lyl?
]l*]l: llr conversion *{ . yl{X s{VSyZ E]l E~{VSl]l$ yl{X
sZMS ]l*>as *{l:
9
F = 32 + C
5
llr E~{VSl]l$ yl{X s{VSyZ ]ll*l$ ^l D lV> Es.

C1, C2, C3....Cn
C1+C2+C3+....+Cn/n
=
yl{X s{VSyl$ A]l$Myl
9
= 32 + C
5
s AMS]l$l]l$=
9
= 32 + C g
5
yl{X r$ .......(1).
s VS$]l$l]l$ = (C1.C2.C3......Cn)1/n
Cg yl{X s{VSyl$ A]l$M]lyl.
yl{X r$ ......(2)
C#yl$ E~{VSl]l$ yl{X rZMS (F) ]ll*l$ ^l, s AMS]l$l]l$
=
9
9
9
9
32 + C1, 32 + C 2 , 32 + C 3 ...... 32 + C n
5
5
5
5
n
32n +
9
(C1 + C 2 + C3 ...... + C n )
5
n
9
= 32 + C
5
yl{X r$ .......(3)
(1), (3) ]l$_ E~{VSl {]l* {]l AMS]l$l]l$O Eyll ^l^l$a.
Gl$MSs (1), (3)Z ]l_a]l AMS]l$l]l*$ yl* ]l*]l C#yl$ O E~{VSl
VS$]l$l]l$
Page no #147
1
9
9
9 n
= 32 + C1 32 + C 2 .... 32 + C n
5
5
5
9
F = 32 + C
5
yl{X r$ ...............(4)
(2), (4)Z ]l_a]l E~{VSl VS$]l$l]l*$ yl* ]l*]l M>]l#. M>st E~{VSl
{]l* {]l VS$]l$l]l$O Er$l ^l^l$a.
s: JMS > JMS {]l* ]l$_ ]l$ {]l*MS ]l*ayMS E*W^l con version
*{lZ MS]l VS$M>>$ (), V>>$ () ]l*{ll$ Es {]l* {]l
AMS]l$l]l$, VS$]l$l]l$, >lMS ]l$l]l*$ lsO Eyll$.
E: 1) $r$, s$r$: 4 $ = 4100 .$.
2) Ayl$VS$$, AVS$$: 5 Ayl$VS$$ = 512 AVS$$
JMS l conversion *{lZ VS$M>>$, V>> r$ MS*ylMS$ (+), ll$
(&) MS*y Es {]l* {]l MS]l AMS]l$l]l$O ]l*{ll$ Eyll$. VS$]l$l]l$,
>lMS ]l$l]l*O B {]l* {]l Er$.
E: yl{X r$, yl{X s{VSyl$.
,
D conversion *{lZ MS*ylMS, VS$M>, VS E. M>st {]l* {]l
VS$]l$l]l$, >lMS ]l$l]l$ ylsO Er$.

E: JMS ]l VSZ 100 ]l$ $$ E$. 20 ]l$ $$ ]l VSZ
Al]lV> ^lV> ]l VS MS$ JMS kMS$ A$ Q$a 400 W. JMP
$ylMS JMP kMS A$ VSr$ Q$a 2.50 lWY. Il { $l B ]l VS MS$
JMS lMS$ A$ ll Q$a Gl?
]l*]l: ]l VSZ 100 ]l$ $$ E]l#yl$ JMP $ylMS JMP kMS A$
VSr$ Q$a = x A]l$MS$. A#yl$ JMS kMS$ ]l VS MS$ A$ ll Q$a
= 100x
l {M>, 20 ]l$ Al]lV> ^l]l l>l ]lVS MS$ kMS A$ Q$a
100x +400, Al l V> JMP MS JMP kMS A$ VSr$ Q$a = x2.50
.......... (1)
120 ]l$ $MS$ JMS kMS$ ll Q$a =
VSr$ Q$a $ Q
= (x 2.50)120 = 120x 300
M> 120x 300 = 100x + 400 M>.
120x 100x = 400 + 300

20x = 700 x = 35
Page no #148
C#yl$ (1) ]l$_ 120 ]l$ E]l#yl$ JMP MS JMP kMS$ A$ VSr$ Q$a =
35 & 2.50 = 32.50
]lVS MS$ JMS lMS$ A$ ll Q$a
= VSr$ Q$a $ Q k Q
= 32.50 120 30 = 1,17,000
{$l ]lVS MS$ JMS lMS$ A$ ll Q$a = 1,17,000
VSr$ ]l*$ >l
Page no #149
VSl u>Z ]l*$ >MS _]l ]lMS

A>$, *{$, E$ ^la^. Cl$Z VSr$
]l*$ >l VSr$ ]l*$ r$ VS$_ ^la.
fZ VSr$ $VS$l r$, ${l $]l VSr$
l$VS$l r$, JMS BMS ]l]l $]l VSr$ ]lr$.. ]ls VSM>]l$ MS]l$V]lyl AlMS
>*$ ]l$]lMS$ A]l A]l#l$s. D AO VSl 2008Z fW]l {VS*&I l$l
SZ ]l*$P { ]l_a. M>st C {VS*&I S$ >$Z$ A$MS$ G
{]l.
VS$ ]l$l]l$ (Geometric Mean):
VS$ ]l$l]l*MS {]lV> MS E*V> ]l$ ^l*.
B* ]ll>Z JMS >Z ]ll*Ol]l ]l*$ > (]l*$ r) VSr$]l$ MS]l$V]lyl.
l l$ VSr$ MS]l$V]lyl.
VS$ ]l$l]l* E*W_ VSr$ ]l*$ > ]lyl$ $V> MS]l$MP ]l^l$a. D
]lyl$ Z H lV> ^l JMS ]l*]l ]l$.
lls l:
JMS > $]l 'Po' A]l$Ms...
'n'
]ll> l>l B > $]l 'Pn' A]l$MS$s...
Ayl$ B >Z ]ll*Ol ]l MS VSr$ ]l*$ >l 'R' A]l$MS$s.. Ayl$
R
Pn = Po 1 +
100
Al *{l > JMS $MS H_, ^lyl > 'R' $]l]l$

MS]l$MP]l^l$a.
VS]l$MS: ]l*$ As $VS$l l$VS$ lZ HOl- M>]l^l$a. >Z $VS$l ]ll*Oll
R
Pn = Po 1 +
100
Al *{l E*W^l]l^l$a.
JMSl >Z l$VS$l ]ll*Oll

R
Pn = Po 1
100
Page no #150
Al *{ E*W^l]l^l$a.
y l:
x1, x2, x3, ......... xn Al 'n' >$ VS$ ]l$l ]l$ =
[x1. x2 . x3 ..... xn ]n
]ly l:
Anti log
log x
x1, x2, x3, ....... xn Al 'n' >$ VS$ ]l$l]l$ =
Al *{ E*W_ VSr$ ]l*$ > MS]l$-MP]l^l$a.
A]l#l$.
CMSPyl...
Logx = Logx1 + Logx2 +..........+ Logxn.
As Logx Al B* A> ]lY ]l* MS]l. D *{ E*W_ MS*y

VSr$ ]l*$ > MS]l$V]l]l^l$a.
]lQ VS]l$MS: O ]lyl$ l l $Z H l E*W ^ MS*y ''Scientific
calculator'' E*W^lyl l. M>st A$$ calculator]l$ l$V>
E*W ^lyl l$aM.
E: 1981 f MSP {M> JMS > f 70 $$]l$. 1991 f MSP
{M> B > f 90 $$-l] M- S $ -W- . Al D - - l - M>Z B > fZ
MS VSr$ $VS$l r$ Gl?
]l*]l: CMSPyl JMS > f $]l, l- A]ll- $]l Câ$. M>st
]l$]l lls l B{^l]l^l$a.
l ]l$_...
Po = 70 $$]l$
Pn = 90 $$]l$
n = 10 ]ll>$
R
Pn = Po 1 +
100
Cl$Z 'R' fZ MS VSr$ $VS$l r$]l$ *_$.

R
90 = 70 1 +
100
Page no #151
10
10
R
90
1 +
=
= 1.285
70
100
1+
1
R
0.1
= (1.285 )10 = (1.285 )
100
1+
R
= 1.025
100
R
= 1.025 1 = 0.025
100
R = 0.025100 = 2.5
VSr$ $VS$l r$ = 2.5%
> fZ MS
E: JMS ]l]l $]l {MS]l$V> lVS$Yl* E. D lVS$Yl lls Hy- 5 >l, y

Hy- 10 >l, ]ly H-y- 15 >l, l>l -yl - Z 20 >l ^]l E. Al D
I--l- M>Z ]l]l MS VSr$ lVS$Yl r$]l$ MS]l$V]lyl.
]l*]l: D ]l$]l$ ]lyl$ ll$Z H l > A ^l]l^l$a.
lls l:
l MZMS$y ]l]l $]l {Z 100 r$ A]l$Ms.....
Cyl$ l {M> 5 H l>l B ]l]l $]l
100 5 (100 10 )
= 100
100
100
(100 15 ) (100 20 ) (100 20 )

100
100
100
= 95
90 85 80 80
100 100 100 100
= 46.512 r$
Cyl$ ]l]l $]l Po = 100,

5 H l>l $]l = 46.512
R
Pn = Po 1
100
Al *{l {M>..
R
46.512 = 100 1
100
5
R
46.512
1
= 100 = 0.46512
100
Page no #152
R
1/5
1
= (0.46512 ) = 0.8580
100
R = 14.2
]l]l MS VSr$ lVS$Yl r$ = 14.2%
100
100
100
100
100
]l]l
$]lZ
lVS$Yl >l
1005 = 95
10010 = 90
10015 = 85
10020 = 80
10020 = 80
5
10
15
20
20
1
2
3
4
5
_]l
]l]l
$]l
{Z
]l]ll
$]l
y l:
{ -H-y-- {Z ]l]l $]l "100' r$ A]l$M. Cyl$ ]l]l $]l$,
lVS$Yl]l$ B* ]ll>Z -st-MS-Z >-..
{ ]ll _]l ]l]l $]l$& 95, 90, 85, 80, 80 VS$ ]l$l ]l$
1
= (95 90 85 80 80 )5
= (4651200000)1/5 = 85.80
(D Al$ $]l VS$ ]l$l]l* MS]l$V]lyMS ]ly lZ ]lY]l* MS$

(Logarithm) _]l *{ MS*y y^l$a)
As VSr$]l { Hy- {Z ]l]l $]l 100 r$ Al ]ll
_]l $]l 85.80 r$ A l$-.
]l]l $]lZ MS VSr$ lVS$Yl r$ = 100 85.80 = 14.20%
E: JMS ${l $]l lls H-y- 40 >l, y Hy- 25%, l>l ]lyl-Z
10 >l l$MS$ lWYl -I-l-Z > lVS$Yl >l Gl? CMSPyl { >l lVS$Yl $]l
O]l VS^$.
(HG, {VS*&I, 2008)
]l*]l: D ]l$]l$ C ]lMS$ ^la_]l ]lyl$ ll$Z -l--Ol- E-*-W-_ -^l-*^l$a.
y l {M> ^l ^l*.
{ Hy- {Z ${l $]l 100 r$ A]l$Ms.....
Cyl$ B* ]ll>Z ${l $]l]l$, s $]lZ lVS$Yl]l$ Page

JMS nos#153
t-MS-Z
>..
{Z lVS$Yl
${l
>l
$]l
1
2
3
4
5
100
100
100
100
100
40
25
10
10
10
_]l
${l
$]l
10040 = 60
10025 = 75
10010 = 90
10010 = 90
10010 = 90
= (60 75 90 90 90 )5
{ ]ll _]l ${l $]l$ A-l 60, 75, 90, 90, 90 VS$ ]l$l ]l$
= 80.018
As VSr$]l { Hy- {Z ${l $]l 100 r$. Al ]ll

_]l $]l 80.018 r$ A l$-.
${l $]lZ MS
> lVS$Yl r$ = 100 80.018 = 19.982
]l*]l : 19.982%
VSr$ ]l*$ r$
Page no #154
VSr$ ]l*$ r$ VSr$ ]l*$ >l VS$_ VSl

Z Ml ]lMS$ ^la^. D MSZ D A>MS
_ ]l$M E$ .
E: JMS l BMS ]l]l $]l lls ]llZ
2%, y ]llZ 2.5%, ]ly ]llZ 3%,
$V ]ll Z 4% ^]l ]llZ 10% Wl D ]ll>
M>Z l BMS ]l]l MS VSr$ $VS$l r$]l$ MS]l$MPyl (APPSC, Group-I,
Model Paper, 2007)
]l*]l: l {M> llr Il$, B$, Hyl$, G$, $ ]ll>Z BMS

]l]l $]l ]l$V> 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% ^]l Wl ^.
D ]ll> M>Z { ]l l {Z l BMS ]l]l $]l 100
r$ A]l$MS$. Cyl$ C_a]l l>]l stMSZ l$>a(MS stMS]l$
^lyl).
{Z
BMS ]l]l
$]l
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
$VS$l
>l
2
2.5
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
_]l BMS
BMS ]l]l
$]l
100+2=102
100+2.5=102.5
100+3=103
100+4=104
100+5=105
100+6=106
100+7=107
100+8=108
100+9=109
100+10=110
stMSZ _]l $]l# ]l$Z $]l VS$]l$l]l$

= (102 102.5 103 104 --- 109 110)1/10 = 105.608
As VSr$]l { ]ll { Z l BMS ]l]l 100 r$ Es ]l l
_]l]l $]l 105-.608 r$ Er$l]l]l*r.
l BMS ]l]l
MS VSr$ $VS$l r$ = 105.608 & 100 = 5.608%
no #155
VS]l$MS: O ]l*]lZ VS$]l$l]l* MS]l$MP]lyMS Logarithms (]lPage
Y]l*
$)
MS*y E*VSyl. Al G ^l JMS ]l*]l ]l$. ]lY]l*]l$ G
E*W^Z D MS E > ^l*.
E: JMS ]l$]l# l ]ll$ ]ll al 1992Z 5% W. AVS 1993Z
8%, 1994Z 77% W. Al 1992 ]l$_ 1994 ]lMS$ ]l $l] # l Z MS VSr$
$VS$l >l Gl?
]l*]l: { ]ll {Z ]l$]l# l 100 r$ A]l$M, C_a]l l>
stMS (stMS 2 ^l*ylyl)
stMS & II
{Z
]l$]l# l
1991--&92
1992-&93
1993&94
100
100
100
_]lZ
]l$]l# l (xi)
100+5=105
100+8=108
100+77=177
Log xi
Log 105=2.0212
Log 108=2.0334
Log 177=2.2480
Logxi= 6.3026
]lMSVSl { VS$]l$l]l$
log xi
= Antilog
OstMS ]l$_ logxi= 6.3026, n = 3

105, 108, 177 VS$]l$l]l$
6.3026
= Antilog
= Antilog [2.1009] = 126.2

As { ]ll {Z VSr$]l ]l$]l# l 100 r$ Es ]ll _]l
l 126.2 r$ Er$l A.
]l$]l# lZ VSr$ $VS$l r$
= 126.2 & 100 = 26.2
]l*]l = 26.2%
VS]l$MS: D ]l$]l$ ]lY]l* (Logari- thms)]l$ E*W^lMS$y lls
]l$]l$ _]l lZ ^l]l^l$a.
M ]ll>Z $VS$l r$, M ]ll>Z lVS$Yl r$ ]ll*Oll VSr$
$VS$l/lVS$Yl r$ G MS]l$MPZ ^l*.
Page no]l#156
E: JMS $]l lls ]l lZ 10%, y ]llZ 20%,
y
]llZ 15% W. l>l yl$ ]ll>Z $]l VSr$]l 19% ^]l
lWY. Al D Il$ ]ll>Z $]lZ MS VSr$ $ VS$l/lVS$Yl r$]l$
MS]l$MPyl?
]l*]l: $]l M ]ll>Z VSyl, M ]ll>Z lVSYy
VS]l$^l]l^l$a. $VS$l]l$ llMSV>, lVS$Yl]l$ $lMSV> ^l]l^l$a. (MS stMS
^lyl)
{Z
$]l
$]lZ
]l*$ >l
_]l
$]l
1
2
3
100
100
100
4
5
100
100
+ 10
+ 20
+ 15
- 19
-19
100 + 10 = 110
100 + 20 = 120
100 + 15 = 115
100 - 19 = 81
100-19 = 81
110, 120, 115, 81, 81 VS$]l$l]l$

= (110 120 115 81 81)1/5
= 99.9190
O VS$lMS ]l$l]l$ ]l$_ D Il$ ]ll> M>Z $]l ll $l lWYl
^l]l^l$a.
$]lZ VSr$ lVS$Yl >l
= 100 99.9190 = 0.081%
E: JMS MS A]l$M> g$$ $VS$l r$ lls ]lyl$ ]ll>Z 25%,

l>l ]lyl$ ]ll>Z 40%V> ]ll*Ol. Al D B$ ]ll>Z MS VSr$
$VS$l r$ 65% Al l]l O? ]l* ^lyl.
(2001, Civil Servi ces Mains)
]l*]l: g$$ $VS$l r$ (Geometric rate of growth)]l$ VS$]l$ l]l$

BV> VS$. M>stg$$ $VS$l r$ As MS VSr$ $VS$l r$l
*_$. { ]ll { Z MS A]l$M> $]l 100 r$ A]l$MS$s
{ l]l _]l MS A]l$M> $]l$ ]l$V> 100+25, 100+25, 100+25,
100+40, 100+40, 100+40 A]l#. As 125, 125, 125, 140, 140, 140 A]l#. s
VS$]l$l]l$
= (125 125 125 140 140 140)1/6 = 132.2875
MS A]l$M> MS
VSr$ $VS$l >l = 132.2875 & 100
Page no #157
= 32.2875
M>st lZ C_a]l 65% VSr$ $VS$l r$ O M>l$.
E: JMS MS ]lyl$ ]ll>Z *f]l*MS, M>MS$MS$ ^l_]l ll MS
ll$ MS lV> E. Al ll ll$, *f]l*MS ^l_]l ll
]l$l MS VSr$ Gl?
*f]l*]l
(*.Z)
M>MS$$
(*. Z)l
2006
2007
2008
61,000
68,000
72,000
1,35,000
1,60,000
1,80,000
]l*]l: 2006 ]llZ ll ll$, *f]l*]l llMS$
61,000 + 1,35,000
61,000
=
= 3.213
AVS 2007Z =
68,000 + 1,60,000
68,000
72,000 + 1,80,000
72,000
= 3.353
AVS 2008Z =
= 3.5
VSr$ As B* l$ VS$]l$l]l$
VSr$ =(3.2133.3533.5)1/3
= (39.36)1/3 = 3.4018
MS
VSr$ = 3.4018
Page no #158
VSr$-&VS$]l$l]l$
{VS*&I, l$l &5, l$l ll
= (x1.x 2 .x 3.......x n )
()
1
n
s SMS$ VS$]l$l]l$ Al A ^ {]lOl$.

VS$]l$l]l$ M {lMS l>Z E*W^l VSl
VSr$.
^l]l: lZ 'n' >$ MS ^l]l 'n']l ]lM>l VS$]l$l]l$ As$. x1,
x2, x3, ...., xn VS$]l$l]l$
Logx 1 + Logx 2 + Logx 3 +........ +Logx n

= Antil og
log x i
= Anti log
n
= (64)1/3 = 4
s: VS$]l$l]l* VS^s MS_alV> OsMS M>MS$r A]l

E: 2, 4, 8 VS$]l$l]l$ Gl?
]l*]l: VS$]l$l]l$ = (248)1/3
E: 18, 8 VS$]l$l]l$ Gl?
]l*]l: VS$]l$l]l$ = (188)1/2
= 144 = 12
_e]l {$ VS$]l$l]l$:
>$$(xi) ]l@#$(fi)
xi
f1
x2
f2
x3
f3
xn
fn
---------------------------www.sakshieducation.com
ll
fi
- O _e]l { VS$]l$l]l$ =
f3
= x .x .x 3 .......x
f1
1
f2
2
fn
n
Page no #159
1
f i
f Logx i
= Antil og i
f i
()
f Logx1 + f2 Logx 2 + f3 Logx3 +..... +fn Logxn

= AntiL og 1
f1 + f2 + f3 + ............ + fn
x2
W2
x3
W3
xn
Wn
-----------------------------ll
Wi
l VS$]l$l]l$:
C_a]l lZ >$ ]l${]l MS$y, l >$ (Weights) MSW
Es Ayl$ l VS$]l$l]l* (Weighted Geometric Mean) y.
>$(Wi)
>$$(xi)
xx1
W1
------------------------------
s: A >$ >$ ]l*]lOl$l l VS$]l$l]l$, VS$]l$l]l$

]l*]l]l$]l#.
D l VS$]l$l]l$
= x .x .x ........x
W1
1
W2
2
W3
3
Wn
n
1
w i
Wi Logx i
= Antil og
Wi
VS$]l$l]l$ l>$:
1. lZ A >$O Byl Er$.
2. HMS$]lMS$ MSr$tyl Er$.
Page no #160
3. i$ ]l]lMS$ A]l$VS$V> Er$.
E: E]l$yl VS$]l$l]l$.
lls ]lZ >$ Q n1, s VS$]l$l]l$ x1, y ]lZ >$
Q n2, s VS$]l$l]l$ x2 Il B yl$ ]l E]l$yl VS$]l$l]l$
n .Logx1 + n 2 .Logx 2
= Anti log 1
n1 + n 2
]l Q yl$ MSs GMS$P]lV> E]lyl$ MS*y O *{l _ >$M]l^l$a.

4. AMS]l$l]l$ GMS$P]l $]l$]l >$ GMS$P]l {l]l$]l#l$. M> VS$ ]l$l]l$
lMS$P]l $]l$]l >$ GMS$P]l {l]l$]l#l$. Al$MS _]l >$MS$ AMS
{]l, l >$ MS$ lMS$P]l {]l C ]l_a]lyl$ V> VS$
]l$l]l* yl$$. Il VS$ ]l$l]l$Z MS Z$ $l$$ MS*y ltZ
E^l$M.
1) VS$ ]l$l]l* VS]l ^l$yl, A]lV>]l ^l$M]lyl MSt.
2) lZ M >$$ $ $lMSOl$l B l>MS V>
VS$]l$l]l* _^l.
VS$]l$l]l$&E*V>$:
1. JMS >Z B* ]ll>Z ]l_a]l ]l*$ >]l$ C_a]lyl$ MS VSr$ ]l*$
> MS VSr$ ]l*$ r$]l$ MS]l$MP]lyMS VS$ ]l$l ]l* yl$$. ]l*$
>l As $VS$l lVS$Yl >l M>^l$a.
2. l >$Z ]l_a]l ]l*$ >]l$ C_a]lyl$, A >$MS$ MS VSr$ ]l*$
> MS]l$MP]lyMS l VS$ ]l$l]l* yl$$.
3. ^l{MS]lylz r$ ( MS VSr$ ]lylzr$) MS]l$MP]lyMS VS$ ]l$l]l$ yl$$.
4. l A>MS$ _]l *` Q$, >$ C_a]lyl$ A A>MS$ MS
*` Q (CylMS ]l)]l$ ^lyMS l VS$ ]l$l]l* yl$$.
5. VSr$ MS]l$MP]lyMS MS*y VS$ ]l$l]l*l yl$$.
VSr$ ]l*$ >l & *{$
i) JMS > 'n' ]l$ ]ll>Z ]l$V> R1, R2, R3, ......Rn% ^#]l Wl D 'n'
]ll>Z B > VSr$ $VS$l r$= [(100+R1) (100+R2) (100+R3)...
(100+Rn)]1/n 100.
JMS > 'n' ]l$ ]ll>Z ]l$V> R1, R2, R3....Rn% ^#]l Page
lWYl ,noD#161'n'
]ll>Z B > VSr$ lVS$Yl >l = 100[(100R1) (100R2)
ii)
(100R3)... (100Rn)]1/n
iii) JMS > lls ]ll R1% W, y ]ll R2% lWY, ]ly ]ll
R3% Wl, D ]lylZ ]ll*Ol]l VSr$ ]l*$ >l=
[(100+R1)(100R2)(100+R3)]1/3 100
(s: $]l '+' ve Il $VS$l >l ]ll*Ol]lr$, '' ve Il lVS$Yl >l
]ll*Ol]lr$ A)
]l$ ]lQ VS]l$MS: C_a]l l>MS VS$]l$l]l* ]lyl$ $V> MS]l$MP]l^l$a. A...
G) ]lY]l*$ (Logarithms) E*W_
) ]lY]l*$ E*W^lMS$y {l$MS *{l E*W_
) ^l{MS]lylz *{ E*W_
O ]lyl$ Z l $MS$]lsMS O]l ]l*]ll$ ]l$.
E: JMS l BMS]l]l MS ]l r$ IlZ ]l$V> 1.5%, 2.7%, 3.0%, 4.5%, 6.2%V>
]ll*l*. Il D IlZ B l BMS ]l]l VSr$ MS ]l r$ Gl?
]l*]l: VSr$ MS ]l r$ VS^s VS$]l$l]l$ O]l VSMS# Ml. {
l]l BMS ]l]l $]l]l$ 100 r$ A]l$M C_a]l l> stMSZ
$MS$s...
. MS . _]l
]l r$ BMS ]l]l
1. 1.5 100+1.5 = 101.5
2. 2.7 100+2.7=102.7
3 3.0 100+3.0=103.0
4 4.5 100+4.5=104.5
5 6.2 100+6.2=106.2
VS$]l$l]l$ = (>$ )1/>$ Q Al {l$MS *{l {M> B* ]ll>
_]l BMS ]l]l $]l VS$]l$l]l$= (101.5102.7 103104.5106.2)1/5 =
103.5673
As B l BMS ]l]l $]l VSr$]l { Hs 100 r ]l$_ 103.5673 rMS $

100-40=601.77815
100-25=751.87506
100-10=901.95424
100-10=901.95424
100-10=901.95424
Log xi = 9.51594
40
25
10
10
10
1
2
3.
4.
5.
Page no #162
Wl A.
MS VSr$ $VS$l r$ = 103.56737&100 = 3.5673%
E: JMS ${l $]l lls ]ll 40%, y Hy 25%, l>l ]lylZ 10%
l$ lWl D IlZ ${l $]lZ > lVS$Yl >l Gl?(CMSPyl { >l lWY]l
$]lO VS^$)
(GG, {VS*&1, l$&2008)
]l*]l: C#yl$ D ]l$]l$ VSll$ E*W_ G ^l]lâ ^l*.
{ ]ll {Z ${l $]l]l$ 100 r$ A]l$M C_a]l l>
stMSZ >
${l
.lVS$Yl% _]l Log xi
$]l (xi)
O l VS$]l$l]l$
Log x i
= Anti log
'n' As
]ll> Q = 5
VS$]l$l]l$=Antilog [9.51594/5]
= Antilog [1.90388] = 80.0180.
As ${l $]l VSr$]l { Hs 100 r ]l$_ 80.0180 rMS$ lWYl

A .
${l $]lZ
VSr$ lVS$Yl >l = 100 & 80.0180 = 19.98
E: JMS l f 1981Z 70 Mr$, 1991Z 90 Mr$. Il D l Z l fZ MS
VSr$ $VS$l >l?
]l*]l: D lV> lZ JMS > $]l, l$ $]l, M>]l]ll$$ C_a]l#yl$
^l{MS]lylz *{ E*W^.
JMS > $]l 'P' Il, B > { Hs VSr$]l R% ^#]l Wl 'n' ]ll> l>l
B > $]l =
Page no #163
P 1 +
100
C#yl$ l {M>,
10
90 = 70 1 +
100
10
R
90
1 +
= 1.28571
=
70
100
R
= 0.02545
100
R
= (1.28571) = 1.02545
100
1+
R = 2.545
D lZ l fZ MS VSr$ $VS$l r$ = 2.545%
Page no #164
>$&1
x
100
x% =
D A ]l$_ direct V> M> indirectV> M> {$ AylVSyMS A]lM> E.

>l:
>l As "]l*sMS' A A.
x% As ]l*sMS ]llMS$ x A A.
E
50% ]l*$P$ As ]llMS$ 50 ]l*$P$ A A.
> ]lV>:
x % As x Z 100]l ]ll$ A A .
E
50 1
=
100 2
1
1
20% = ;10% = ;
5
10
CllV>
50% =
1
1
%=
2
200
C_a]l >Z Ml > MS]l$V]lyl

x Al >Z y% =
y
100
50Z 60% =
50
60
= 30
100
E
600Z
G) 150
1
33 %
3
Gl?
) 200 ) 250
yl) 300
1 33 3 + 1 100
=
33 =
3
3
3
]l*]l
600Z
Page no #165
100
% = 600
3
100
= 200
3100
x = 25.2
100
= 42
60
]l*]l ()
60
= 25.2
100
]l*]l ()
E
JMS QZ 60 >MS 25.2 ]l*]l. Al B Q Gl?
G) 40 ) 44 ) 42
yl) 46
]l*]l
B Q]l$ 'x' A]l$Ms Ayl$ 'x'
Z 60 >l = 25.2
l Al Q ]l $. Al B
E
JMS QZ 150 >l ]l$_ 50
Q Gl?
G) 100 ) 50 ) 150 yl) 200
]l*]l
'x'Z 150% & 50 = x
x
150
50 = x
100
3x
x = 50
2
E
6.5 rZ 130 $r$ Gl >l?
G) 20 ) 5) 2yl) 200
x
= 50 x = 100
2
]l*]l
llr yl$ >$]l$ JMS {]l*Z >*.
6.5 r$ = 6,500 $ r$
x
= 130
100
x=2
6,500
yl) 150
]l*]l ()
E
1/3Z 1/2 Gl >l?
G) 50 ) 60 ) 120
]l*]l
Ayl$
Page no #166
x
1
1
=
3 100 2
300
x=
= 150
2
]l*]l (yl)
E
lMS VSlZ 75MS 60 ]l*$P$, BVS Z 60MS 42 ]l*$P$ ]lâ. Al H jMS$tZ
Al { l$$V>Y E?
G) VSl
) BVS
) ylsZ]l* ]l*]l { E
yl) ^l
]l*]l
llr ]l*$P]l$ >Z MS]l$MP. Gl$MSs yl$ jMS$tZ VSt ]l*$P $
]l*]l M>l$.
VSl
x
= 60
100
100
x = 60
= 80
75
75
As VSlZ 80 >l ]l*$P$ ]lâ.

BVS
x
= 42
100
100
x = 42
= 70
60
Page no #167
60
As BVSZ 70% ]l*$P$ ]lâ. As l { VSlZ l$$V>Y E.

]l*]l (G)
W]l/lW]l $]l >l

$-VS$--l- >l =
(l$-$-]l & $-]l-)
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 100
$-]l
lVS$Y-l- >l =
(----$-]l & -l$---$-]l)
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 100
$-]l
l$-- $-l] =
----$-]l
(100+-$-VS$-l- >l)
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
100
l$-- $-l] =
----$-]l
(100 & lVS$Y-l- >l)
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
100
O $VS$ *{$ ^ ]lQOl$]l. D *{O l$V> {$ AylVS]l^l$a. Cl A>Z
MS*y ^ l>Z D *{$ A]l A]l#.
E
MS {$l B$ lMS$ *. 12,000. Al B$ 15 >l W-l, Al l
B$ Gl?
G) 13,000
) 13,500
) 13,800
yl) 13,900
]l*]l
l$-- $-l] = ----$-]l (100+-$-VS$-l- >l)
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
100
Al *{ A]l$_
=
Page no #168
12,000 (100 +15 )

100
= 13,800
]l*]l ()
E
]l$ l]l $]l#]l$ 85 MSi ]l$_ 68 MSiMS$ lWY^yl$. Al Al $]l# Gl >l
lWY?
G) 17
) 18
) 19
yl) 20
]l*]l
lVS$Yl >l = (85 68 ) 100
=
85
17
100 = 20
85
]l*]l (yl)
E
{$l JMS MS ]ll B$ *. 30 S$. B$ lls ]ll 20
>l, y ]ll 30 >l W. Al yl$ ]ll> l>l MS
]ll B$ Gl?
G) 45 S$ ) 35 S$
) 46.8 S$ yl) 50 S$
]l*]l
lls ]ll l>l MS B$
30 (100 + 20 )
Page no #169
100
= 36 S$
D 36 S *$ B$ $l y ]ll 30 >l W. M>st y
B$ 36 (100 + 30 )
100
]ll l>l MS
= 46.8 S$
]l*]l ()
Page no #170
>$&2
M>--]l$-VS$-V> >$--Z ^l$a l$VS$Y-$..

1. JMS > ]ll>MS R% ^]l Wl, T ]ll> l>l B > $]l
R
= P 1 +
100
'P' Al > $]l

'T' ]ll> ]ll$ B > $]l
P
R
1 +
100
= P 1
100
'T' ]ll> ]ll$ B > $]l

P
R
100
2. JMS > ]ll>MS R% ^]l lWYl, 'T' ]ll> l>l B > $]l
E
JMS ]lVS f 10 S$. f ]ll>MS 10% ^]l Wl 5 ]ll> l>l
B ]lVS f Gl?
G) 15 S$ ) 20 S$
) 16,10,510 yl) 15,10,510
]l*]l
lZ P = 10 S$
R = 10
T=5
5 ]ll> l>l ]lVS f

10
= 10,00,000 1 +
100
= 10,00,000 (1.1)5
= 16,10,510
]l*]l ()
Page no #171
E
JMS M^lr$t yl]l# {$l 15 $r$ B ^lr$t 12% ^]l $VS$l$]lrl
2 ]ll> {MSl B M^lr$t yl]l# Gl?
G) 11.95 $r$
) 12.6 $r$
) 11.4 $r$ yl) 12 $r$
]l*]l
lZ P = 15, R = 12, T = 2
2 ]ll> {MSl ^lr$t yl]l#
R
1 +
100
15
12
1 +
100
= 11.95
100
162000
10
100
162000
(0.9 )3
]l*]l (G)
E
JMS ${l $]l ]ll>MS 10% lVS$Yl$. {$l $]l *. 1,62,000 Al
3 ]ll> {MSl, 3 ]ll> l>l B ${l $]l Gl?
]l*]l
3 ]ll> {MSl ${l $]l
= *. 2,22,222.22
3 ]ll> l>l ${l $]l
R
= P 1
100
10
= 1,62,000 1
100
= *. 1,18,098
>$Z ]l*$ & s O {]l
JMS >Z x% ]l*$, y >Z y% ]l*$ ]l B yl$ >$ Z ]l^la ]l*$
>l
= x+ y+
Page no #172
(x y )
100
E
JMS ^ll${ yl]l# 30% W, lyl$ 12% lWYl, Ol>Z ]l*$ >l
Gl?
G) 21% $VS$l$
) 15.6% lVS$Yl$
)14.4% $VS$l$
yl) H ]l*$ Eyll$
]l*]l
O l > = yl]l# lyl$
x = +30, y = 12
= 30 12 +
Ol>Z ]l*$ >l

(+30 ) (12 )
100
18
= 18
5
= +14.4
]l*]l ()
O *{ MS l>Z MS*y E*W^l]l^l$a.
1. ^ll${ O l > = $f $f
2. ]ll O l > = ()2
3. l* = M> lVS
4. Q$a = l *VS
5. V El O l > = 4 ()2
E
JMS ]ll 10% Wl B ]ll Ol> Gl >l $VS$l$.
G) 10% ) 20% ) 21% yl) 15%
]l*]l
lZ x = +10
y = +10
Ol>Z ]l*$ >l

= x+ y+
(x y )
= 10 + 10 +
Page no #173
100
(10 10 )
100
x = 5
y = +5
100
Q$aZ ]l*$ >l

(5 ) (+5 )
= 5 + 5 +
= 21
]l*]l ()
E
MSZ ^lMSP l 5% lWY. Al ]l$$Z JMS MS$r$ ^lMSP *V> 5% _.
Al B MS$r$ ^lMSP $l ^l$]l Q$aZ ]l*$ >ll$l?
G) 25% lWY ) 25% W
) 0.25% W
yl) 0.25% lWY
]l*]l
Q$a = l *VS
= &0.25
Q$a 0.25% lWY
]l*]l (yl)
>$&3
Page no #174
]l*$ >l
D MSZ ]l*$ >l VS$_ ^la.
]lQOl$]l *{$:
1)$VS$l >l =
(l$ $]l & $]l) 100
$]l
2)l$VS$l >l =
( $]l & l$ $]l) 100
$]l
3)]l*$ >l =
(l$ $]l & $]l) 100
$]l
VS]l$MS: ]l*$ >l $]l llMS Al A $VS$l]l$ *_$. $lMS A
l A l$VS$l]l$ *_$. O *{ ]l$_ MS *{]l$ >rt]l^l$a.
4)l$ $]l =
$]l (100 + $VS$l >l)
100
5)l$ $]l =
$]l (100 & l$VS$l >l)
100
6)l$ $]l =
$]l (100 + ]l*$ >l)
100
7) $]l =
l$ $]l 100
Page no #175
(100 + $VS$l >l)
8) $]l =
l$ $]l 100
(100 & l$VS$l >l)
9) $]l =
l$ $]l 100
(100 + ]l*$ >l)
10) JMS > { $l $]l P A]l$Ms... lls ]lyl$ ]ll>Z B >Z ]l*$
>$ ]l$V> R1, R2, R3 Al ]lyl$ ]ll> l>l B > $]l =
(100 + R1) (100 + R 2) (100 + R 3)
100
100
100
= P 1 +
100
D *{ G ]ll>OMS ^l]l^l$a. >Z $VS$l ]ll*Oll ]l*$

>MS ]ll$ "+' VS$$, >Z lVS$Yl ]ll*Oll ]l*$ >MS ]ll$ "&' VS$$
E^.
11) B* ]ll>Z ]l*$ >l V> Es D MS *{]l$ E*W^l]l^l$a.
JMS > { $l $]l P A]l$Ms..
a) B > {
]ll R% ^]l Wl n ]ll> l>l B > $]l
P
R
1 +
100
AVS n ]ll>MS$ ]ll$ B > $]l

b) B > {
]ll R% ^]l lWYl n ]ll> l>l B > $]l
n
= P 1
100
P
R
100
AVS n ]ll> {MSl B > $]l

12) B* ]ll>Z ]l*$ >$ ]l* $l* Es MS A]l$VS$V> O *{ ]l$
]l*a >$M]l^l$a. EMS$ > $]l lls n1 ]ll> r$ R1% ^]l,
l> n2 ]ll> r$ R2% ^]l, l> n3 ]ll > r$ R3%
^]l Wl B > l$ $]l
n
n3
R 1
R 2
R
= P 1 + 1 1 + 2 1 + 3
100 100 100
AVS B > $]l lls n1 ]ll > r$ R1% ^]l, l> n2

]ll> r$ R2% ^]l W, l> n3 ]ll> r$ R3% Page

lWYno
l B#176
>
l$ $]l
n
n3
R 1
R 2
R
= P 1 + 1 1 + 2 1 3
100 100 100
CllV> O *{]l$ G ]ll> OMS Gr$]ls ]l*$ >OMS MS*y _

>$M]l^l$a.
O *{s lV> A ^l$M, H *{ Gyl$ {*W^Z g{VSlV>
VS]l$^.
E$
1)JMS ${l {$l $]l *. 1,62,000. $]l { ]ll 10% ^]l lWYl yl$
]ll> l>l $]l Gl? AVS yl$ ]ll> {MSl $]l Gl?
]l*]l:
l ]l$_ P = 1,62,000
R = 10,n = 2
10
= 1,62,000 1
100
yl$ ]ll> l>l ${l $]l
= P 1
100
= 1,62,000 (0.90)2
= 1,62,000 0.81 = 1,31,220

yl$ ]ll> l>l ${l $]l = *.1,31,220
AVS yl$ ]ll> {MSl ${l $]l

=
162000
10
100
P
R
100
1,62,000
0.81
= 2,00,000
yl$ ]ll> {MSl ${l $]l = *. 2,00,000
2)>]l 300 ^ll# VSg ^ll# VSf *. 3000 ^]l Myl$. B $]l
lls ]ll 10%, y ]l l 20% ^]l W ]lyl$, $VS$ ]ll>Z
]l$V> 15%, 10% ^ ]l lWY. $VS l>l >]l B A$l AlMS ]l*,
]lt]l* Gl?
Page no #177
]l*]l:
llr $VS$ ]ll> l>l ^ll# VSf $]l G MS]l$MS$P.
P = 3000, R1 = 10, R2 = 20,

R4 = 10
R3 = 15,
$VS$ ]ll> l>l ^ll# VSf $]l

= P
(100 + R1) (100 + R 2)
100
100
(100 R3) (100 R 4)
100
100
(100 + 10) (100 + 20)
100
100
= 3000
(100 15) (100 10)
100
100
= 3000 1.10 1.20 0.85 0.90

= 3029.40
As 4 ]ll> l>l ^ll # VSf $]l = *. 3029.40 As >]lMS$ JMP

^ll # VSf $l ]l^la = *. 29.40
>]lMS$ ]l^la ll
= 29.40 300 = 8840
>]lMS$ ]l^la = *.8,840
3)JMS ]lVS f 5 S$. B ]lVS f lls ]lyl$ ]ll>$ 5% ^]l, l$
yl$ ]ll>$ 2% ^]l W, _]l ]lyl$ ]ll>$ 2% ^]l lWY. Al
D "8' ]ll> l>l B ]lVS f Gl?
]l*]l:
l ]l$_ P = 5,00,000
R1 = 5, n1 = 3
R2 = 2,
n2 = 2
R3 = 2 n3 = 3
8 ]ll> l>l ]lVS f

n
n3
R 1
R 2
R
= P 1 + 1 1 + 2 1 3
100
100

100
3
5
2
= 5,00,000 1 +
1 +
100 100
2
100
Page no #178
= 5,00,000 (1.05)3 (1.02)3 (0.98)3 = 5,18,645

8 ]ll> l>l ]lVS f $]l*$V> 5,18,645.
Page no #179
MS _ ]lMSOl$]l A>$, M ]l$ VS$_

VSlZ ^la^. Cyl$ ]l$M ]l$]l$ ^l*.
H
S
a + 10 = 2(b 10) I
a = b + 9 II
II ]l$ I Z {S
b + 9 + 10 = 2(b 10)
b + 19 = 2b 20
b = 39
{$l B ]l$$ 39 H$
E$:
1. l M>Z A, B lMS$ N]l]l ]l$$]lMS$
yll$s$. JMSl, Cyl$ B MSs A 9 H$
lOyll B {$l ]l$$ Gl?
.{$l A, B ]l$$$ ]l$V> a, b H$ A]l$Ms Ayl$ l ]l$_
2R 15
3
R 15 =
2. {$l ]l$$ l]l l{yl ]l$$Z VS. 15 H {MSl ]l$$ l]l l{yl
]l$$Z ]ly ]ll$. Al l>l ]l$$ Gl?
.{$l ]l$$ R A]l$MS$s Al l{yl ]l$$ 2R A]l#l$. Ayl$ l
]l$_
3(R 15) = 2R 15
3R 45 = 2R 15 R = 30
As {$l ]l$$ 30 H$.

Al l>l ]l$$ 35 H$.
3. JMS _Z 50 O $, 25 O $, 20 O $ 5 : 9 : 4 Z E. s ll
$]l 222 *$$. Al _Z ll Q Gl?
.C_a]l ]l$_ 50, 25, 20 O Q ]l$V> 5K, 9K, 4K A]l#l$.
ll $]l:
5K 50 + 9K 25 + 4K 20 O$.
Page no #180
l ]l$_
5K 50 + 9K 25 + 4K 20
= 22,200
250K + 225K + 80K = 22,200
( 222 *]l$ OZMS ]l*al 22,200 O$ ]l$).
555K = 22,200
K = 40
_Z ll Q
= 5K + 9K + 4K = 18K
= 18 40 = 720
ll Q = 720
4. JMS B $Z EVS$ Q]l$ 4 : 3MS lWY_ i]l$ 6 : 7MS _l W]l lWYl]
i Gl?
. EVS$ Q]l$ 4K ]l$_ 3KMS lWY_, i]l$ 6L ]l$_ 7LMS ^$
A]l$M.
Ayl$ B$Z Al$ EVS$ i ll (llr) = 4K 6L = 24KL
i ll (l$l) = 3K 7L
= 21KL
M>st i ll 24KL ]l$_ 21KLMS lWY.
lWYl] i
= 24KL : 21KL
= 24 : 21 = 8 : 7
lWYl] i = 8 : 7
5. JMS ]lMS ]l$$ l]l Cl$ MS$]l*$ ]l$$ lMS ]lyl$ r$. Al l>l
Al ]l$$ MS$]l*$ ]l$$ lMS st]l#l$. Al B ]lMS {$l
]l$$ Gl? (Civils Prelims 2002)
.Cl$ MS$]l*$ ]l$$ ll x H$ A]l$Ms l{yl ]l$$ 3x H$ A]l#l$.
Al l>l MS$]l*$ ]l$$ ll = x + 5 + 5 H$ = x + 10 H$
Al l>l l{yl ]l$$ =
3x + 5 H$
M> l ]l$_
Page no #181
3x + 5 = 2(x + 10)
3x + 5 = 2x + 20 x = 15
]lMS { $l ]l$$ = 3x = 3 15 = 45
]lMS {$l ]l$$ = 45 H$
I, Prelims 1991)
.lls Q =
91 lls l
6. 12 A AMS_]l JMS ]l$ r$]l MSl yl. D MS l$Z H W]l

AMS$, VS AMS$ VS M>gl$?
G) 2 : 1 ) 3 : 1
) 3 : 2 yl) 7 : 5
.2 : 1, 3 : 1, 3 : 2, 7 : 5 l$Z ll ]l$V> 3, 4, 5, 12 A]l#l$.
sZ 3, 4, 12$ 12 ]l$ V> W. M> 5 V> W^ll$. M>st W]l
AMS$, VS AMS$ VS 3 : 2 M>gl$.
]l*]l : ()
7. yl$ Q 5 : 8, s ll 91. Al, B yl$ Q$ H? (Group
ll
91 5
91 5
= =
(5 + 8)
13
= 35
y Q = 91 & 35 = 56
B yl$ Q$ = 35, 56
Page no #182
&A]l$l
JMS
{]l*Z E]l yl$ >$ ]l$l MS]l$ As$.

x, y Al yl$ >$ ]l$l x : y A
*_. x is to y A ^ll$]l#.
x: y =
x
y
yl$ >$ ]l$l MS]l$MPs B yl$ >$$ JMS {]l*Z Ey.

x : y Al Z x, y ]l$
$ A As$. x]l$ Nl (Antecedent)
A, y]l$ l (Consequent) A As$.
Z {MS]l$ VS^llW. As x : y, y : x Al yl$ l$$ ]l*]l M>]l#.
x:yy:x
A]l$l
a:b=c:d
a c ad = bc
=
b
yl$ l$ ]l$l ]l*]l A]l$l A As$.

E:
a : b = c : d Al a, b, c, d$ A]l$lZ E$ As$.
Al]l = ]l$l]l .
E:
36 VSrMS$, 2 kMS$ VS Gl?
]l*]l:
2 k$ = 2 24 VSr$
= 48 VSr$
M>]l = 36 : 48
= 3 : 4 ( ]l$ 12 W)
]l*]l 3 :4
Z yl$ ]l$ JMSQ ($ M>MS$y Cl Q) VS$_ W_
B $]l ]l*l$.
x : y = Px : Py, (P 0)
x: y =
x y
: ,( P 0)
P P
E:
Page no #183
2 : 3 = 4 2 :4 3 = 8 : 12,
36 48

36 48
:
= 3: 4
12 12
1 1
: = b:a
a b
m n
: = mb : na
a b
: b : c = l : m : n Al
a = kl, b = km, c = kn (k HOl]l JMS ^l >) A A]l$M]l^l$a.
a
E:
x : y = 3 : 4 Al (4x + 5y) : (5x 2y) $]l Gl?
4x + 5 y
5x 2 y
4 3k + 5 4 k
5 3k 2 4 k
32 k 32
=
= 32 : 7
7k
7
x : y = 3 : 4 M>st
x = 3k,
y = 4k A]l$M]l^l$a.
(4x + 5y) : (5x 2y)
]l*]l:
]l*]l 32 :7
VS]l$MS: O {Z l$V> xMS l$$ 3, yMS l$$ 4]l$ {S_ MS*y ]l*]l ]l$.
E:
A : B : C = 2 : 3 : 4 Al
A B C
: :
B C A
$]l Gl?
(G.G..&2002)
]l*]l:
A B C 2 3 4
: : = : :
B C A 3 4 2
2, 3, 4 MS..VS$. 12 M>st Z ]lyl$ ]l$ 12 VS$,

=
2
3
4
12 : 12 : 12
3
4
2
= 8 : 9 : 24
]l*]l 8 : 9 : 24
E:
Page no #184
A : B = 2 : 3, B : C = 4 : 5, C : D = 6 : 7 Al A : B : C : D $]l Gl?
(G.G..&2002)
]l*]l:
D l*yl ]l$]l$ ^lyMS tMSs l$lyl ^l*.
I
A:B=2
B:C=4
C : D =6
II
: 3
: 5
: 7
O]l lls $]l# ]l$ (I)Z 2, 4, 6, y $]l# ]l$ (II)Z 3, 5, 7 Al Q$ E.
A:B:C:D=
2 4 6 : 4 6 3 : 6 3 5 : 3 5 7.
2 4 6 IZ ]lyl$ $
4 6 3 IZ _]l yl$
$, IIZ lls l
6 3 5 IZ _]l
l, IIZ lls yl$ $.
3 5 7 IIZ ]lyl$ $
]l$ $MS$]l ]l$]l$ VS]l$^lyl.
A : B : C : D = 2 4 2 : 4 6 : 6 : 5 : 5 7 (Z A ]l$ 3
W)
= 16 : 24 : 30 : 35
]l*]l -16 : 24 : 30 : 35
xVS]l$MS: Z G $ E]lsMS MS*y O A]l$^l]l^l$a.
Ml l C_a]l Z h ^lyl:
E:
672]l$ 5 : 3 Z h^lyl.
]l*]l:
lls VS =
ll lls l
ll
=
672 5 672 5
=
5+3
8
= 84 5 = 420
lls VS = 420
y VS = 672 420 = 252
]l*]l & 420, 252
Page no #185
R s 2
=
S s 3
Al P s Gl?
]l*]l:
P s Q s
=
Q s R s
VS]l$MS:
y VS =
ll y l
ll
AVS ]lyl$, $VS$ V>MS$ MS*y *{]l$ >$M]l^l$a.
E:
*. 1300]l$ P, Q, R, S$ ^l$MS$ $.
P : Q = 2 : 3, Q : R = 2 : 3
R:S=2:3
P:Q:R:S
= 2 2 2 : 2 2 3 : 2 3 3 : 3 3 3
=
8P: 12 : 18 : 27
1300 8
(8 + 12 + 18 + 27)
s =
1300 8
= 160
65
P s = *. 160
VS]l$MS:
JMS l 'R' s MS]l$MPs 'R' s
=
1300 18
= * .360
(8 + 12 + 18 + 27)
( RMS _]l l "18')
(G.I.. 2003)
Page no #186
$ ]lylz&^l{MS ]lylz
$]lylz
P & A$
R & ]lylzr$ (MS)
T & M> (Z) Al
$]lylz
P T R
100
ll (A)
=P+
P T R
100
T +R
= P 1 +
100
E$
100
10,000 3 6
100
= 10,000 + 1,800
= 11,800
= 10,000 +
1. *. 10,000 $l 6% ]lylzr$ ^]l 3 ]ll>MS$ ll Gl A]l#l$?

G) *. 12,000 ) *. 11,000
) *. 11,8000yl) *. 1,800
]l*]l:
lZ P = 10,000, R = 6, T = 3
ll = P + P T R
2. Ml yl$ $l 9% ]lylzr$, 6 ]ll>MS$ $]lylz *. 810 Al A$ Gl?

G) *. 1500 ) *. 5400
) *. 2310 yl) *. 690
]l*]l: G
$]lylz = P T R
100
810 =
P=
P 69
100
810 100
= 1500
69
3. *. 500 $l 5% ]lylzr$ Ml M> MS ]l^la $]lylz, *. 380 $l Al ]lylzr$,

Al M>MS ]l^la $]lylz MS *. 36 GMS$P]l. Al M> Gl?
G) 3 $
) 9 $
]l*]l:
) 6 $
yl) 12 $
Page no #187
500 5 T 380 5 T
=
+ 36
100
100
500 5 T = 380 5 T + 3600

T = 6 $.
4. JMS ]lMS Ml yl$]l$ $]lylzMS AV> Câyl$. 8 ]ll>MS$ AlMS st# yl$
>s ]lylz >l Gl Ey?
G) 16% ) 4% ) 24% yl) 12.5%
]l*]l: yl
8 ]ll> l>l yl$ st# M>s $]lylz A$MS$ ]l*]l M>.

$]lylz P 8 R
=P=
100
R=
100
= 12.5
8
^l{MS]lylz
1. ^l{MS]lylz As { ~l M>MS JMS ]lylz A $Z MS$$. As ]lylz $l MS*y ]lylz

^l ^ Er$.
ll (A) = P 1 + R
T
100
CMSPyl
P & A$, R & ]lylzr$
T & M> (Z)
]lylz { ]ll>MS JMS A$Z MS$$.
2. P & A$, R & ]lylzr$ (MS), T & M> (Z) Eyl, ]lylz { n ]ll>MS$
JMS A$Z MS
ll (A) = P 1 + R
100
T
n
3. lZ {lMSV> {^l]ll ]lMS$ ]lylzr$]l$ ]ll>MS V>]l$, AVS ]lylz {

]ll>MS JMS A$Z MS$$l ^.
E$
Page no #188
1. >]l *. 5,000]l$ 2.5% ]lylzr$ A ^l>yl$. ]lylz ]ll>MS JMS A$Z

MS$$. Al 3 ]ll> l>l ]l$ ^l^]l lll$l?
G) 5375
) 5375.45
) 5384.45 yl) 5384
]l*]l:
^l{MS]lylz *{l A = P 1 + R
T
2.5
A = 5000 1 +
100
100
= 5000 (1.025)3
= 5384.45
= *. 5384.45
2. O ]l$Z ]lylz 6 lMS$ JMS A$Z MS, 3 ]ll> l>l >]l ^l^]l
lll$l?
G) 5375
) 5384.45
) 5700
yl) 5798.467
]l*]l: yl
n = 6 l$ 1
=
2
ll (A) = P 1 + R
23
2.5
= 5000 1 +
100
100
T
n
= 5798.467
3. G ]ll>MS$ *. 24000, 5% ^l{MS ]lylz r$ ^]l *. 27,783 A]l#l$?

G) 2 ) 3 ) 4 yl) 5
]l*]l:
^l{MS]lylz *{l
ll (A) = P 1 + R
T
100
27783 = 24000 1 +
100
27783
= (1 + 0.05)T = (1.05) T
24000
1.157625 = (1.05)
Page no #189
T =3
^l{MS]lylz r$ lls T1 ]ll>MS$ R1, l> T2 ]ll>MS$ R2 Al

ll (A)
T
R 1
R
= P 1 + 1 1 + 2
100
100
T2
(T1 + T2) ]ll> l>l l MS]l$V]lyMS O *{ E*W^l]l^l$a.
E$
1. *. 4000 $l lls 3 ]ll>$ ^l{MS]lylz 10%, l>l 2 ]ll>MS$ 20% ^]l 5

]ll> _]lMS ]lylz Gl A]l#l$?
G) 7667 ) 2800 ) 3667 yl) 6800
]l*]l:
lZ
T2 = 2
P = 4000,
R1 = 10,
T1 = 3,
R2 = 20,
ll (A)
T
T2
R 1
R
= P 1 + 1 1 + 2
100
100
10
= 4000 1 +
100
20
1 +
100
= 4000 (1.1)3 (1.2)2

= 7666.56
]lylz = ll & A$
=AP
= 7666.56 4000
= 3666.56
Page no #190
&]lt$
]l$]l#]l$ M]lyl, A]l$yl, D {{MS$Z ]l^la ]lt$ llO]l A> ]l$_
{$ lV> ]l.
1. = A$]l l & M]l l
2. ]l t = M]l l & A$]l l
3. >l = 100
M]l l
4. ]lt >l= ]lt 100
M]l l
E$
1 25
6 =
4 4
1. JMS JMS ]l$]l#]l$ A$l AlMS *. 50 ]l_a. Al >l

B ]l$]l# M]ll Gl?
G) *. 850 ) *. 800
) *. 700 yl) *. 600
]l*]l:
>l= 100
M]ll
= 50 100
M]ll
4
= 50 100
= 800
25
M]ll
2. A$]l lMS$ M]llMS$ 3 : 2 Al >l Gl?

2
1
G) 33 3 % ) 66 3 %
yl) 75%
) 50%
]l*]l:
A$]l lMS$, M]llMS$ 3 : 2
1
6 %
4
Al
M>st A$]l l = 3x A]l$MS$s
Page no #191
M]ll = 2x A]l#l$.
= 3x 2x = x
>l= 100
M]ll
=
x
100 = 50
2x
H
S
1. A$]l l
=M]ll (100 + >l)
100
2. A$]l l
=M]ll (100 & ]lt>l)
100
3. M]ll =A$]l l 100
(100 + >l)
]lQOl$]l *{$
4. M]ll =A$]l l 100

(100 & ]lt>l)
E$
1. JMS ]l$]l# M]ll *. 720. B ]l$-]l#-]l$ Gl-MS$ A$-l

G) *. 640 ) *. 648
) *. 620 yl) *. 600
]l*]l: G
]l t =
1
100
= 11 % =
%
9
9
A$]l l
= M]ll (100 & ]lt>l)

100
1
11 %
9
]lt ]l$?
100
720 100
100
A$]l l =
= 640
Page no #192
450 100
= 600
100 25
GlMS$ A]l*?
G) *. 675 ) *. 900
) *. 800 yl) *. 600
]l*]l:
A$]l l = *. 450, ]l t = 25%
Al M]ll= A$]l l 100
(100 & ]lt>l)
2. JMS ]l$]l#]l$ *. 450MS A$l 25% ]lt ]l$. Al 50% >s B ]l$]l#]l$
M>st B ]l $l] # M]ll = *. 600

Cyl$ 50% >s B ]l$]l#]l$ A]l$]l]l l
=M]ll (100 + >l)
100
600 (100 + 50)
= 900
100
= 900
3. JMS yl$ ]l$]l#]l$ JMPMSPs *. 480MS A$l llsO 20% , y
O 20% ]lt ]l_a. Al ll $l AlMS ]l*? ]lt]l*? Gl >l?
G) , ]lt yl* M>l$
) 4% ) 14% ]l t
yl) 4% ]l t
]l*]l: yl
*{l: yl$ ]l$]l#]l$ JMS lMS$ A$l, JMSO x% , ]l$MS ]l$]l#O x% ]lt
]l ll$l
x x
%
100
]lt ]l$.
20 20
% = 4%
100
Page no #193
]l t
M>st ll$l AlMS 4% ]lt ]l$.
4. yl$ VSyl*>]l$ JMS lMS$ A$l, JMS $l 15% , ]l$MS $l 15% ]lt
]l t
15 15
=
% = 2.25%
100
xx
%
100
]lâ. Al ll$l ]l*? ]lt]l*? Gl >l?

G) 2.25% ]l t ) 2.25%
) 7.5% ]l t
yl) , ]lt yl* M>l$
]l*]l: G
5. 15 ]l$]l# M]ll, 12 ]l$]l# A$]l l ]l*]l Al >l/]lt>l Gl?

G) 20% ) 20% ]l t
) 25% yl) 25% ]l t
]l*]l:
JMS ]l $l] # M]ll = x A]l$MS$s, Ayl$ l ]l$_
15 x = 12 A$]l l
15 x 5 x
=
12
4
A$]l l
5x
x
x=
4
4
x
= 4 100 = 25
x
>l
6. JMS *MS 30 ]l$M>$$ Myl$. AlMS 20% >s *MS
G ]l$M>$$ A]l*?
G) 24 ) 36 ) 20yl) 25
]l*]l: yl
30 ]l$M>$ M]ll = *. 1
= 20%
30 ]l$M>$ A$]l l =
=
Page no #194
1 (100 + 20)
100
= *. 1.20
As *. 1.20MS 30 ]l$M>$$ A]l*.
*. 1MS A]l$]l]l ]l$M>$$
30
= 25
1.20
Page no #195
Ol>$-&1
Ol>
^ll${
JMS t {l ~l$ Ol>. Ol> MS {]l* ^ll# r$ P

r$. As ^ll# .$., ^ll# $r$ llO]l (square cm, square meter,
cm2, meter2 A MS*y >$) Ol> {]l*MS$ _ MS A>$
VS$$^l$M.
1 ^ll# $r$ = 10,000 ^ll# .$.
1 H = 100 ^ll # $r$
1 M>t$ = 10,000 ^ll# $r$
1 M>t$ = 2.47 GMS>$ ($]l*$V>)
1 GMS> = 4,046.85 ^ll # $r$
1 GMS> = 4,840 ^ll # VSg$
1 ^ll # O l $$ = 640 GMS>$
1 O l $$ = 1.6 MSZ $r$
1 sMS Ol$$ = 1.852 MSZ$r$
1 AVS$ = 2.54 .$.
1 Ayl$VS$ = 12 AVS$$ = 30.48 .$.
1 VSf = 3 Ayl$VS$$
1. O l > = yl]l# lyl$

^l$r$tMl = 2 (yl]l# + lyl$)
(MS~)2 = (yl]l#)2 + (lyl$)2
2. JMS ^ll${ yl]l#Z x% ]l*$, lyl$Z y% ]l*$ ]l Ol>Z ]l^la
]l*$ >l
= x+ y+
x y
100
3. JMS ^ll${ yl$ MlZ JMS Ml]l$ x% _]lyl$, Ol> V>

E^s y Ml]l$ lWY^]l >l
100 x
=
100 + x
Page no #196
4. JMS ^ll${ yl$ MlZ JMS Ml]l$ x% lWY_]lyl$, Ol> V>

E^s y Ml]l$ ^]l >l
=
100 x
100 x
E$
1. JMS ^ll${ ^l$r$tMl 28 .$., MS~ 10 .$. Al O l > Gl?
]l*]l:
2 (yl]l# + lyl$) = 28
yl]l# + lyl$ = 14
C$Ol# ]lY ^l
yl]l#2 + lyl$2 + 2 yl]l# lyl$ = 196
M> MS~2 = yl]l#2 + lyl$2 = 102 = 100
100 + 2 yl]l# lyl$ = 196
yl]l# lyl$ = 48
M>st Ol> = 48 ^ll# .$.
2. JMS ^ll${ yl]l#, lyl$$ 3:2 Z E. ^l$r$tMl 600 $r$.
Al Ol> M>t$Z Gl?
]l*]l:
yl]l# = 3k $r$, lyl$ = 2k $r$ A]l$Ms,
^l$r$tMl = 2 (3k + 2k) = 600
10 k = 600
k = 60
yl]l# = 3 60 = 180 $r$,
lyl$ = 2 60 = 120 $r$.
O l > = 180 120 = 21,600 ^ll# $r$.
= 2.16 M>t$
3. ^ll${ yl]l#]l$ 50% _, lyl$]l$ 50% lWY Ol>Z ]l^la ]l*$ >l
Gl?
]l*]l:
Ol>Z ]l*$ >l =
Page no #197
x y
100
x+ y+
l {M>
x = + 50, y = 50
Ol>Z ]l*$ >l =
50 50
100
50 50
= 25
x y
100
=54
5 4
100
x+ y+
As Ol> 25% lVS$Yl$.

4. JMS ^ll${ $g]l$ M]lylZ JMS r$V> 5% GMS$P]lV>, ]l$MS 4%
lMS$P]lV> M^$. Al Ol>Z r$ >l Gl?
]l*]l:
l {M> x = + 5, y = 4
Ol>Z r$ >l =
= + 0.8
O l >Z r$ >l = + 0.8% As O l > 0.8% >l GMS$P]lV>
]ll*l]l#l$.
5. JMS ^ll${ ^l$r$tMl 60 $r$, Ol> 200 ^ll# $r$ Al yl]l#,
lyl$ ]l$l l?
]l*]l:
2 (yl]l# + lyl$) = 60
yl]l# + lyl$ = 30 (1)
a b =
(a + b )2 4ab Al *{ A]l$_ yl]l# lyl$ =

Page no #198
30 2 4 200 = 10 (2)
(1) & (2) ]l$_ yl]l# = 20 $r$

lyl$ = 10 $r$
yl]l# = 2 lyl$
As yl]l# lyl$]lMS$ st#.
Ol>$&2
Page no #199
^ll${
1. O l > = $f $f = ($f)2
^l$r$tMl = 4 $f
2. MS~ =
2 $f
(MS~)2 (^l$r$t Ml)2

3. O l >= &&&&& = &&&&&&&&&
2
16
4. ^l$r$tMl = 2 2 MS~
5. JMS ^ll${ $fZ x% ]l*$ ]l MS~Z, ^l$r$tMlZ MS*y x% ]l*$
]l$.
6. JMS ^ll${ $fZ x% ]l*$ ]l O l >Z ]l^la ]l*$ >l =
x2
2x +
100
E$
1. yl$ ^ll${ ^l$r$tMl$ 40 .$., 32 .$. D yl$ ^ll${ Ol>
MS ]l*]lOl$]l Ol> VS ^ll${ ^lr$tMl Gl?
]l*]l:
yl$ ^ll${ $g]l$ b1, b2 A]l$MS$s Ayl$
4b1 = 40
4b2 = 32
b1 = 10, b2 = 8
s O l > l = 102 82
= 36 P .$.
36 P .$. O l > VS ^ll${ $f = 36 = 6 .$.
^l$r$tMl = 4 6
= 24 .$.
2. yl$ ^ll${ MS>~$ 2 : 5 Z E. Al s Ol> , ^l$r$tMl
MS]l$V]lyl.
]l*]l:
yl$ ^ll${ MS>~]l$ d1, d2, Ol>]l$ A1, A2, ^l$r$tMl]l$

p1, p2, A]l$MS$s
A1 =
d12
2
A2 =
Page no #200
d 22
2
A1 : A 2 = d 12 : d 22 = 2 2 : 5 2
= 4 : 25
s O l > = 4 : 25
AllV>
p1 = 2 2d 1, p 2 = 2 2d 2
p1 : p2 = d1 : d2
=2:5
25
s ^l$r$tMl = 2 : 5
3. JMS ^ll${ $g 25% lWY ^l$r$tMlZ, Ol>Z ]l^la ]l*$ >l Gl?
]l*]l:
CMSPyl x = 25
^l$r$tMlZ ]l^la ]l*$ >l =
As ^l$r$tMl MS*y 25% lVS$Yl$. Ol>Z ]l^la ]l*$ >l =
(25 )2
= 2 (25 ) +
2x +
x2
100
100
= 43.75
As Ol> 43.75% lVS$Yl$.

4. 5 $r 44 .$., 3 $r 74 .$. Ml$ VS JMS VSZ ^ll${M> yl$
l*s M>]l MSt yl Q?
]l*]l:
VS Ml$ = 544 .$., 374 .$.
yl Q MStV> Eys yl ]l* VStV> Ey.
yl VSt ]l* = 544, 374 VS..
= 34 .$.
Ayl$ A]l]l$$ yl Q =
VS Ol>
___________
yl Ol>
=
Page no #201
544 374
34 34
= 176
Q = 176
M>]l MSt yl
5. ^ll${M>Z E]l JMS VS 7 $. yl]l# VS Xl yl$ ]l*]l ^ll${M>

VSl$$V> h^lVSWl B VS Ol>?
]l*]l:
l> r *Z X
7m
7m
7m
7m
7m
7m
7m
O r ]l$_ VS yl]l# = 7 + 7
= 14 $.
lyl$ = 7 $.
O l > = 14 7
= 98 ^ll# $r$
Ol>$&3
Page no #202
]ll Ol>
JMS ]ll = r, = d A]l$MS$s
i) d = 2r
d 2
4
]ll Ol> (A) = r2

]ll ]ll ^l$r$tMl (p) = 2r d
As ]ll >MS 2 r$ MS r$.
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
p2
A=
4
yl$ ]l > = a:b Al s l $ = a : b

O l > = a2 : b2
vi) JMS ]ll Z x% ]l*$ ]l, ^l$r$tMlZ ]l*$ >l = x
Ol>Z ]l*$ >l
x2
= 2x +
100
vii) r VS ]llZ JMS ^ll${ Al B ^ll${ Ol> = 2r2

]lMS, ^ll${MS ]l$l VS {l Ol> = ( 2)r2
l
(r ) =
2
viii) l $fV> VS JMS ^ll${Z ]l Al, B ]ll
l 2
]ll O l > = 4
^ll${MS, ]lMS ]l$l VS {l Ol> =
2
1 l
4
E$
1. JMS A ]ll Ol> 77 ^ll# .$. Al Gl?
]l*]l:
]ll = d .$. A]l$MS$s
]ll O l > =
d 2
4
d 2
=
= 77
8
A ]ll O l >
d 2 = 77 8
Page no #203
7
22
d = 14 .$.
]ll = 14 .$.
22
70
7
$r$
M>$ JMSP $Z {*^]l l*

= 1100 $r$
M>$ ^l{MS ^l$r$tMl = d
66 1000
60
2. JMS M>$ ^l{M> 70 .$. Al B M>$ ^l{M>$ $MS G ^l$r$ Wl M>$

66 MS.$/VSr lVS {* ^l$?
]l*]l:
= 220 .$. = 2.2 $r$
$MS M>$ ^l{M>$ V>]l ^l$r

Q =
]l*]l : 500
1100
= 500
2.2
3. JMS ]ll > 50% lWY, ^l$r$tMl, Ol>$ Gl >l lVS$Y?

]l*]l:
x = 50
^l$r$tMlZ lVS$Yl = 50%

Ol>Z lVS$Yl
x2
= 2x +
100
2( 50) +
>l
( 50) 2
= 75%
100
]ll Ol> 75% lVS$Yl$. ^l$r$tMl 50% lVS$Yl$.
4. JMS ]ll JMS ^ll${ ^l$r$tMl$ ]l*]l Al s Ol> ?

]l*]l:
]ll = r, ^ll${ $f = l A]l$MS$s 2r = 4l
l=
Page no #204
r
2
s O l > = r2 : l2
2
2 2
r
2 r
= r : = r :
4
2
2
]l*]l : 4 :
5. JMS ^ll${ Al ]ll, ]l Ol> ?

]l*]l:
B
O
^ll${ $f = 2x A]l$MS$s
Al]ll = OA = x
]ll = ^ll${ MS~Z VS
Al, ]l Ol>
2 2x
= 2x
2
= x 2 : ( 2 x) 2
= x2 : 2x2
=1:2
]l*]l : 1 : 2
AllV> s ^l$r$tMl = 1: 2
6. JMS ]llZ ]l$$ {$f Al_]lyl$ B ]ll 'r' Al ]l$$
{$f Ol> Gl?
]l*]l:
Page no #205
]ll MS{l O, ABC JMS ]l$$ {$f. AD, BC OMS X]l E]l ]ll
r A]l$MS$s...
OA r
=
2
2
=r+
r 3r
=
2 2
]l$$ {$f E]l

(h) = OD = OA + OD
OD =
OA = r
h2
=
3
]l$$ {$f Ol>
3r

3 3 r2
2
=
=
4
3
]l*]l :
3 3 r2
=
4
AVS ]lMS, ]l$$ {$gMS ]l$l VS {l Ol> =
3 3 2

r
4
7. 18 .$., 14 .$. Ml$ VS ^ll${ Z X$VS Al ]ll Ol>?

]l*]l:
C_a]l ^ll${ Z X$VS Al ]ll (d) = 14 .$.
d 2
=
4
B ]ll O l >
=
Page no #206
22 14 14
= 154
7
4
]l*]l : 154 ^ll# .$.
]l$M ]lQ *$:

1. JMS ]l$$ {$f, JMS ^ll${, JMS ]ll ]l*]l ^l$r$tMl]l$ MSW Es s
Ol> ]l$l l MS lV> Er$.
T<S<C
T - ]l$$ {$f Ol>
S - ^ll${ Ol>
C - ]ll Ol>
As AsMSs ]ll Ol> GMS$P]l.

2. JMS ^ll${, JMS ^ll${ ]l*]l ^l$r$tMl]l$ MSW Es ^ll${ Ol>
^ll${ Ol> MSs GMS$P]l.
3. JMS ]l$$ {$f, JMS ]l$$ {$f ]l*]l ^l$r$tMl]l$ MSW Es
]l$$ {$f Ol> ]l$$ {$f Ol> MSs GMS$P]l.
4. JMS ]l$ $ {$f, JMS ]l$$ {$f ]l*]l ^l$r$tMl]l$ MSW Es
]l$$ {$f Ol>, ]l$ $ {$f Ol> MSs GMS$P]l.
Page no #207
hMS yl*{VSl$&1
t&1
JMS ]lMSZ PMS MS, lVSV> ~*$ $MS$l MS
^lyMS D {$ GlV> ylyl$$.
{VS*&2, {VS*&1 {l$, ll M>ssl SZ hMS yl*{VSl$O
l^l$V> {$ ]l$$$.
V> D AZ ]lyl$ MS$r$$ C$. A HOl$ M>]l^l$a. EMS$
#$$$, ]l$$, EVS$$, yMSt$, S>$$, fl$]l#$, #$$, H]l$VS$$,

fQ$, Q$ l$$lO]l.
C C_a]l ]lyl$ MS$r$ ]l$l l H lV> E ]l$]l MS]l$MP. CMSPyl

JMP MS$r$ JMS ]ll > *_. JMS MS$r$ ]l$ MS$r$Z VSOl$]lyl$
JMS ]l ]l$ ]ll Z *_.
1. EMS$ H]l$VS$$, fl$]l#$ A yl$ MS$r$$ C_a]lyl$; H]l$VS$$ JMS
MS$r$; fl$]l#$ ]l$ MS$r$. M> CMSPyl H]l$VS$$ Al MS$r$, fl$]l#$ Al

MS$r$Z VS M>st MS _]l hMS yl*{VSl$]l$ D lV>
*_^l]l^l$a.
fl$]l#$
H]l$VS$$
2. H]l$VS$$, $
Page no #208
H]l$VS$$, $ yl$ l$ MS$r$$. JMS MS JMSs MS]l]l#. M>st MS

lV> *_^l]l^l$a.
H]l$VS$$
3. ]l$$, EVS$$
]l$$ JMS MS$r$, EVS$$ ]l$ MS$r$. ]l$l* EVS$$ M>$. Al
lV> EVS$l* ]l$$ M>$. M> ]l$Z Ml]l$ EVS$$$,
EVS$Z Ml]l$ ]l$$$. M>st MS _{l > *_^l]l^l$a.
Cs
]lMS$ A]lV>]l M yl$ MS$r$ VS$^l l$$M. M> SZ ]lyl$
MS$r$$ C$.
]ll
]l* B MS$r$ ]l* a]ll$. EMS$ ]l$VS$, yMSt$,
MS*V>$$ C #$$l* yMSt$ M>$, yMStl* #$$$ M>$. M> #$$Z

Ml ]l$ yMSt$s$, AVS yMStZ Ml ]l$ #$$$ s$. yMSt$, #$$$
Al yl$ MS$r$ MS$ l ]l$ MS$r$ MS*V>$$. s MS _{l
> ^l*^l]l^l$a.
MS*V>$$
#$$$
yMSt$
#209
#$$$, yMSt]l$ *_^l ]l MS*V>$]l$ *_^l ]ll _]Page
lV>no E.
Al]l*{]l D MS$r$ ]l* lMS$P]l A]l$M]ll$.

]lyl$
MS$r$$ C_a]lyl$ s ]l$l E]l ]ll$V> MS]l$MP. H
Gl$Z VS, H$ MS$r$$ H ]l*{l l MS$y E$l *$

l$$M. s MSl C_a]l _{Z O]l VS$^.
M E$
*^l]l$ : MSl Il$ hMS _{$ E. s MSl C_a]l $ MS$r$
]l$l H l E MS]l$MP MS O]l _{ VS$^lyl. (]ll ]l*, B $
MS$r$ ]l* *_^ll$.)
(G)
()
()
(yl)
(C)
1)fl$]l#$, MS$MSP$, $$
MS$MSP$, $$ yl* fl$]l#Z VSl$. M> D yl$ l$ gl$$.
M>st ]l*]l (G)
Page no #210
fl$]l#
MS$MSP$
$$
2)l$ fl$]l#$, MS$MSP$, $$

MS$MSP$, $ l$fl$]l#$ M>]l#. MS$MSPZ M ]l*{ll$ l$ fl$]l#$. AVS
$Z M ]l*{ll$ l$ fl$]l#$. MS$MSP$, $$ l$ MS$r$$.
M>st ]l*]l ()
MS$MSP$
$$
l$fl$]l#$
3){MSMSs BrV>$, s A]l*]l$$, $$.

{MSMSs BrV>Z Ml]l$ s A]l*]l$$ Es$, $$s$.
s A]l*]l$Z Ml]l$ {MSMSs BrV>$ Es$, $$s$.
]l*]l (C)
s
A]l*]l$$
{MSMSs
BrV>$
$$
Page no #211
4)>fMS$$MS$$, EVS$$, _]l$

O ]lyl$ MS*y JMSMS JMSs l .
M>st ]l*]l (yl)
EVS$$
>fMS$
$MS$$
_]l$
5)MS*V>$$, M>$$, MS*

M>$$ MS*V>$Z VS. MS* D ylsMS l .
M>st ]l*]l ()
MS*
MS*V>$$
M>$$
6)$, $, {l]l >$

$, $ yl* MS*y {l]l >Z VSl$. M> $, $ Al yl$ l$.
M>st ]l*]l (G)
{l]l>$
$
7)l{yl$$, E$, S>$$

EZ Ml]l$ l{yl$$. Al lV> S>$Z Ml]l$ l{yl$$. M>
E$, S> $$ Al JMSMMSs l .
M>st ]l*]l ()
Page no #212
E$ l{yl$$
S>$$
8)B{l{l, Ol>l, ]l*l

Ol>l B{l{lZ VS. M> ]l*l D ylsMS l .
M>st ]l*]l ()
]l*l
B{l{l
Ol>l
9)^l{MS $, M>$, O$
]lyl* MS*y JMSMMSs l . M>st ]l*]l (yl)
M>$
^l{MS
$
O$
hMS yl*{VSl$&2
Page no #213
t&2
{VS* 2, ll M>ssl SZ hMS
yl*{VSl$O {$ ]l$.
sO { ]l_a]lyl$ ]ll$ {]l$ g{VSlV> VS]l$^lyl. C_a]l ]lyl$ $
MS$r$ ]l$l l H lV> E ^lyl. s ]l$l $ MS
lV> Eyl]l^l$a.
JMSs ]l$MSZ Al>VS M>]l^l$a.
E :
(1) Ol>l,
(2) Br$, MS
lls yZ MlVS, y llsZ MlVS M>]l^l$a.
E :
1) ]l$$, AS>$$
2) l$$, #$$$
Page no #214
JMSMMSs H]l*{l l MS$y Ey^l$a.
E : 1) MS*V>$$, BMS$MS*$
2) l]l]ll$$, l$
3) ]l$$, #$$$
VSl _MSZ M hMS _{]l$ Câ. Cyl$ ]l$M _{]l$ .
M E$
*^l]l$: MSl Il$ hMS _{$ E. s MSl C_a]l $ MS$r$ ]l$l
H l E MS]l$MP MS O]l _{ VS$^lyl. (]ll ]l*, B $
MS$r$ ]l* *_^ll$.)
Page no #215
(G)
()
()
(yl)
(C)
1)$$, BrV>$, B]l#$

$Z Ml]l$ BrV>$ Es $. AVS BrV>Z Ml]l$ $$
Es$. M> B]l#$ Al $ MS$, BrV>MS$ l .
M>st ]l*]l ()
B]l#$
$$
BrV>$
2)ll, B{l{l, Ol>l

llZ JMS VS B{l{l. B{l{lZ JMS VS Ol>l.
M>st ]l*]l (G)
ll
B{l{l
Ol>l
3)#$$$, l{yl$$, yMSt$
Page no #216
l{yl$l* #$$. Ml]l$ #$ $$, Ml]l$ l{yl$$ yMSt$V> E$.

M>st ]l*]l (yl)
#$$$
yMSt$
l{yl$$
4)g$ VS$, lMS$$, lV>$
g$ VSl* lV>. AVS l MS$l* lV>. g$ VSZ Ml ]l$
lMS$$s$. lMS$Z Ml ]l$ g$ VS$s$.
M>st ]l*]l ()
lV>$
g$ VS$
lMS$$
5)]l$]l#$, l$M>, ]l*Ps

]l*PsZ l$M>$s. l$M>Z ]l$]l#$s.
M>st ]l*]l (G)
]l*Ps
l$M>
]l$]l#$
6)]lMS$$, l$$, E$
Page no #217
l$$ Al* ]lMS$Z VSl$. AVS E$ Al* MS*y ]lMS$Z VSl$.

l$Z Ml ]l$ E$s$. AVS E Z Ml ]l$
l$$s$.
M>st ]l*]l ()
]lMS$$
l$$
E$
7)]lVS, M>, C$
]lVS Z M> Er$. M> Z C$ Er$.
M>st ]l*]l (G)
]lVS
M>
C$
8)fl$]l#$, l$ fl$]l#$, MS$MSP$

l$ fl$]l# fl$]l#Z VSl$. AllV> MS$MSP MS*y l$ fl$ ]l#Z VSl$.
l$ fl$]l#Z M MS$MSP$s. MS$MSPZ M l$ fl$ ]l#$s.
M>st ]l*]l ()
Page no #218
fl$]l#$
MS$MSP$
l$ fl$]l#$
9)]l$$, EVS$$, l$MS$
]l$Z Ml]l$ EVS$$s$. AVS EVS$Z Ml]l$ ]l$$ s$.

l$MS$ Al OylsMS H]l*{l l l$.
M>st ]l*]l ()
l$MS$
]l$$
EVS$$
10) Oll$$, llOll$$, #$$$

llOll$l* Oll$Z VSl$. Oll$ Z Ml]l$ #$$$s$. AVS ll
Oll$Z Ml ]l$ #$$$ s$.
M>st ]l*]l (yl)
Oll$$
#$$$
ll Oll$$
11) #yl$ fl$]l#$, #yl$ MS$MSP$, MS$MSP$

#yl$ MS$MSP #yl$ fl$]l#. #yl$ MS$MSP MS$MSP. #yl$ fl$ ]l#Z M
MS$MSP$s.
Page no #219
M>st ]l*]l (C)
MS$MSP$
#yl$
fl$]l#$
#yl$ MS$MSP$
12) $$, ^l {MSyM>$$, {VS$

$Z Ml]l$ ^l {MSyM>$$ s$. AVS ^l {MSyM>$Z Ml]l$
$$s$. D ylsMS l {VS$. M>st ]l*]l ()
{VS$
$$
^l {MSyM>$$
13) ]l Q$, N~ Q$, f Q$

f Q N~ Q. AVS N~ Q ]l Q.
M>st ]l*]l (G)
]l Q$
N~ Q$
f Q$
14) E$, rt{l$$ (Graduates), S>$$
Page no #220
EZ Ml]l$ rt{l$$ Es$. AVS rt{l$Z Ml]l$

E$ Es$. D yl$ MS$r$ MS$ ^ll$ S>$$.
M>st ]l*]l ()
S>$$
E$
rt{l$$
Page no #221
hMS yl*{VSl$&3
hMS yl*{VSl$O VSlZ ]l_a]l {$
]l*f, ]l*fZ VS $ A>O MS gql] E]l H
A A M^l M>]l$ll ]l*$P$ ^l A
C.
hMS yl*{VSl$Z M>$, sO ]l^la l { VS$_ VSlZ ^la^. Cs
]lMS$ s SZ D AO ]l_a]l {]l$ .
1. H]l$VS$$, ]lMSP$, fl$]l#]l$ MS sZ H _{l *_$?
(G)
()
()
(yl)
]l*]l (G)
H]l$VS$$, ]lMSP$ JMSMS JMSs l . M> D yl* MS*y fl$]l#Z VSl$.
2. MS hMS yl*{VSl$Z H M>s, B, MS*V>$]l$ *_$?
(G)
()
()
(yl)
]l*]l (G)
Page no #222
M>s MS*V>$Z VS. MS* V>$ BZ VS.

3. MSl C_a]l ll yl*{VSl$Z H MS_alV> ${ MS$$, g$ VS$,
MSl$]l$ *_$?
(G)
()
()
(yl)
]l*]l (yl)
g$ VSZ Ml]l$ MSl$ Es$. AllV> MSl$Z Ml ]l$
g$ VS$ Es$. D yl$ MS$r$$ MS*y ${ MS$Z VSl$.
4. ]l#>$, S$$, MS$MSP]l$ MSl C_a]l H _{l V> *_$?
(G)
(G)
()
()
(yl)
()
]l*]l (G)
]l#>$ A S$Z VS. M> MS$MSP$ D yl$ MS$r$MS$ l .

5. $l$yl$, AV>MS$yl$, {VS]l$ MS H _{l *_$?
Page no #223
()
(G)
()
(yl)
]l*]l ()
$l$yl$, AV>MS$yl$ JMSMMSs l . M> D yl* MS*y {VSZ VSl$.
6. {$f, ^ll$$f, ^ll${]l$ MS sZ H _{l *_$?
(G)
()
()
(yl)
]l*]l ()
^ll${ ^ll$$fZ V>$. M> {$f sMS l .
7. yMSt$, ]l$$, ]l*]l]l#]l$ MS H _{l *_$?
Page no #224
(G)
()
(yl)
()
]l*]l (G)
yMSt$, ]l$$ l$ MS$r$ $. M> $]l#$ ]l*]l]l#Z VS.
8. i]l>, fl$>, ]lS>]l$ MS H hMS yl*{VSl$ *_$?
(G)
()
()
(yl)
]l*]l ()
fl$>, ]lS> yl$ JMSMMSs H]l*{l l . M> D yl* MS*y
i]l>Z VS.
*^l]l$ ({$ 9 ]l$_ 13 ]lMS$)

MS hMS yl*{VSl$]l$ g{VSlV> _, MSl C_a]l {MS$ O]l hMS
yl*{VSl$]l$ VS$^lyl.
Page no #225
()
(G)
(yl)
()
9. MS$, BrV>$, V>$MS$$
MS$
BrV>$
V>$MS$$
]l*]l ()
MSZ Ml]l$ BrV>$, Ml ]l$ V>$MS$$ Es$. BrV>Z Ml]l$
MS$, Ml]l$ V>$ MS$$ Es$. AVS V>$MS$Z Ml ]l$ MS$,
Ml]l$ BrV>$ Es$.
10. >, l, ]lVS
l
>
]lVS
]l*]l (G)
Page no #226
]lVS > Z Er$. > l Z Er$.

11. >W, M>Wl, l$l Ol$
M>Wl
>W
l$l Ol$
]l*]l (yl)
M l$l Ol$ >W ^l$. M>Wl Al >WMS V>, l$l OlMS$ V> l
A.
12. Eyl$, rt{l$yl$, BrV>yl$
Eyl$
rt{l$yl$
BrV>yl$
]l*]l ()
EZ Ml]l$ rt{l$$ s$. Ml]l$ BrV>$ Es$. rt {l$Z
Ml]l$ E $s$.
13. ]l$$, E$, yMSt$
Eyl
]l$$
yMSt$
]l*]l (yl)
Page no #227
EZ Ml]l$, yMStZ Ml]l$ ]l$$. M> E yl$, yMSt$

Al yl* JMSMMSs H]l*{l l .
*^l]l$ ({ 14, 15MS$)

MSl C_a]l hMS yl*{VSl$]l$ _, s MSl C_a]l {MS$ O]l ]l*]l
VS$^lyl.
(G)
()
()
(yl)
14. , t]l, i
i
t]l
]l*]l (G)
t ]lZ VS. M> i MS l A.
15. MS*V>$$, ]lM>$$, M>]l
MS*V>$$
]lM>$$
M>]l
]l*]l (yl)
Page no #228
]lM>$$, M>]l yl* MS*y MS*V>$Z VS. M> D yl* JMSMMSs
l .
hMS yl*{VSl$&4
Page no #229
PMS _{l sMS$ _ {$ {VS* 2Zl

M>MS$y, ClMSt B ,
SZ MS*y Ayl$VS$l$$. PMS r C_a
MSl yl$ ]lyl$ {$ AylVS A]lM>
E.
JMS _{lrZ {$f, ^ll${, ^ll${, ]ll llO]l sZ HOl ]lyl$

V>, $VS$ V> A>$ C$. JMP A JMP MS$r$ l$g$. D _{l
Z AMS$ V> Bs V> C$. A ]ll$V> B _{ls ]l${VSV>
_ MSl C_a]l {MS$ ]l*]l$ VS$^.
M E]l$
I. MS _{lZ ]ll ]l$]l$, {$f rt{l$ (Graduates)]l$, ^ll${
EVS$]l$ VS$_ l$#l$. $$ ]ll$V> D s _, MSl C_a]l

{MS$ ]l*]l$ VS$^lyl.
]l$$
rt{l$$
a
f
c
b
d
EVS$$
1. rt{l$$ M> ]l$ EVS$$ G]l$?
Page no #230
]l*]l: D {]l$ _]l ]l$_ ^l$MS$r* ]l.. EVS$$ As ^ll${Z

E]l$ M>st b, c, d, e EVS$$ A]l#$. Z ]l$ EVS$]l$ VS$^.
]ll ]l$]l$ *_$. M>st b, c, d, eZ H ]ll Z E* ^l*y. b,
c, d, eZ b, c$ ]l*{ll$ ]llZ E. M>st b, c$ ""]l$ EVS$$'' Al
$ l$$. {Z ""rt{l$$ M> ]l$ EVS$$'' A$. {$f
rt{l$]l$ *_$. ""rt{l$$ M>'' A$ M>st b, cZ H {$fZ
VS$^. b, cZ b {$fZ l$ M>st ]l*]l b A]l#l$.

rt{l$$ M> ]l$ EVS$$ b A]l#$.
2. rt{l$O]l ]l$ EVS$$ G]l$?
rt{l$O Ey
]l$O Ey
]l*]l:
EVS$O Ey
As {$f, ]ll, ^ll${Z E]l ]lylsZ E]l AS ^l*y. c {$fZ,

]llZ, ^ll${Z E.
M>st rt{l$O]l ]l$ EVS$$ c A]l#$.
3. ]l$$ M> rt{l$O]l EVS$$ G]l$?
]l*]l: ]l$$ M>MS*yll$ A$ M>st ]llZ EylMS*yll$. rt{l$O]l
EVS$$ A$ M>st {$fZ, ^ll${Z Ey.
{$f, ^ll${Z Eyl, ]llZ AS e. M>st ]l$$ M> rt{l$O]l
EVS$$ e A]l#$.
Page
II. MS _{lZ {$f ylOl]l, ^ll${ AS>$]l$, ]ll f
no$t#231
]l$,
^ll${ ]l$]l$ *_$. ]ll$V> MS _{ _, MSl E]l

{MS$ ]l*$ VS$^lyl.
ylOl]l$
a
h
AS>$$
b
i
c
g
f$t$
e
j
]l$$
4. MSl C_a]l $VS$ M>Z H O?

G) ]l$l* ylOl]l$
) ylOl]l l* AS>$$
) AS>$l* f$t$
yl) f$tl* AS>$$
]l*]l: "G' O M>l$. Gl$MSs ]l$]l$ ^ll${ *_$. ylOl]l
{$f *_$. JMSl {$f ^ll${ Z E]lsl ]l$l*
ylOl]l$ Al O]l MS A$. M> B lV> l$.
"' O M>l$. Gl$MSs ylOl]l {$f *_$. AS>$]l$ ^ll${
*_$. JMSl {$f ^ll${ Z E]lsl ylOl]l l* AS>$$ Al
O]l MS A$. M> B lV> l$ VS]l$MS C ]l*]l M>l$.
"' O M>l$. Gl$MSs AS>$]l$ ^ll${ *_$. f$t]l$ ]ll
*_$. JMSl ^ll${ ]ll Z E]lsl AS>$l* fPage$tno$#232

Al
MS A$. M> B l V> l$.
"yl' O]l MS A]l#l$. Gl$MSs f$t]l$ *_$]l ]ll, AS>$ ]l$
*_$]l ^ll${ Z E. M>st f$tl* AS>$$ Al MS O]l
MS A]l#l$.
M>st ]l*]l "yl'.
^ll$
yMSt$
5
BrV>$
5. f$t$ M> ylOl]l ]l$ AS> $$ G]l$?

]l*]l: f$t$ M>MS*yll$ As ]ll Z EylMS*yll$. ylOl]l ]l$
AS>$$ As {$fZ, ^ll${Z, ^ll${Z Ey.
]llZ MS$y, {$f, ^ll$ {, ^ll${Z E]l AS i.
f$t M> ylOl]l ]l$ AS>$]l$ i *_$.
6. ylOl]l ]l$ S>$$ G]l$?

]l*]l: S>$$ A$ M>st ^ll${ Z EylMS*yll$. ylOl]l ]l$
A$ M>st {$f, ^ll$ { Z Ey.
^ll${Z MS$y {$f, ^ll$ {Z E]l AS h.
ylOl]l ]l$ S>$]l$ h *_$.
Page no
III. MS _{lZ ]ll ^ll]l$, ^ll${ BrV>]l$, {$f
yM#233
St]l$
*_$. $$ ]ll$V> B _{ _, BO MSl C_a]l {MS$

]l*]l$ VS$^lyl.
7. ^ll$, BrV>$ Al yMSt$ G]l$?
]l*]l: ^ll$, BrV>$ Al yMSt$ As ]llZ, ^ll${Z {$fZ
Ey. D ]lylsZ E]l ]l$ ""3''.
8. BrV>$ M> ^llO]l yMSt$ G]l$?
^ll$, BrV>$ Al yMSt]l$ ""3'' *_$.
]l*]l: BrV>$ M>MS*yll$ A$. As ^ll${ Z EylMS*yll$.
^llO]l yMSt$ As ]llZ, {$fZ Ey.
^ll${Z MS$y ]llZ, {$fZ E]l AMS ""6''.

BrV>$ M> ^llO]l yMSt]l$ ""6'' *_$.
9. "1' l *_$?
]l*]l:
"1' ]llZ l$ M>st ^ll$ M>$.

"1' {$fZ l$ M>st yMSt$ M>$.
"1' ^ll${Z E M>st BrV>$ A Es$.
"1' Al ^ll$ M>, yMSt$ M> BrV>]l$ *_$.
10. 4 l *_$?
]l*]l:
4 ]llZ l$ M>st ^ll$ M>$.
4 {$fZ, ^ll${Z E. As yMSt$, BrV>]l$ *_$.
4 Al ^ll$ M> yMSt]l BrV>]l$ *_$.
Page no #234
11. 2 l *_$?
]l*]l:
2 {$fZ l$ M>st yMSt$ M>$.
2 ]llZ, ^ll${Z E. As ^ll]l$, BrV>]l$ *_$.
2 Al yMSt$ M> ^llO]l BrV>]l$ *_$.
hMS yl*{VSl$&5
Page no #235
PMS _{l rZl {MS$ ]l*]l Er$.

]l$]lMS$ M>l E]l ]l* S$~V>
_ lVSV> VS$^lyll$. VSlZ l SZ
D AO ]l_a]l {]l$ .
1. MS _{lZ {$f rt $]l$, ^ll${ MStyl ^l , ]ll ^ll$]l#MS$]l
*_$. Al H MStyl ^l$, ^ll$]l#MS$]l rt $]l$ *_$?
MStyl
^l$
rt$$
I
II
VI
III
IV
VII
^ll$]l#MS$]l$
]l*]l: MStyl ^l$$ A$. As ^ll${Z EylMS*yll$. ^ll$]l#MS$]l rt

$$ As ]llZ, {$fZ Ey.
^ll${Z MS$y, ]llZ, {$ fZ E IV.
MStyl ^l$ ^ll$]l#MS$]l rt $]l$ IV *_$.
2. MS _{lZ {$f MS]l$, ^ll${ BrV>]l$, ]ll SMS$ (Coaches)]l$

*_$. Al D _{l BV> SMS$$ M>, Br BylVSW]l MS]l$ VS$^lyl?
Page no #236
SMS$$
MS$
(Coaches)
BrV>$
]l*]l: SMS$$ M>$ As ]llZ EylMS*yll$. Br BylVSW]l MS$ As

^ll${, {$fZ Ey. ]llZ MS$y, ^ll${Z, {$fZ E]l AS B.
SMS$$ M>, Br BylVSW]l MS]l$ B *_$.
3. MS _{lZ {$f ]l$]l$, ^ll${ EVS$]l$, ]ll yMSt]l$ *_$.

Al MS _{l BV> EVS$$ M>, ]l$ yMSt]l$ VS$^lyl?
]l$$
9
1
6
3
EVS$$
yMSt$
8
]l*]l: EVS$$ M>$ As ^ll${Z EylMS*yll$. ]l$ yMSt$ As

{$fZ, ]llZ Ey.
^ll${Z MS$y {$fZ, ]llZ E]l AMS "7'.
EVS$$ M>, ]l$ yMSt]l$ "7' *_$.
4. MS _{ _, ^ll$]l#M, EVS ^l$]l ]ll]l$ VS$^lyl?

Page no #237
]ll
^ll$]l#MS$]l$
5
4
6
7
EVS$$
]l*]l: ^ll$]l#M$ A$. As ^ll$]l#MS$]l *_^l ]llZ EylMS*yll$.

EVS ^l$]l ]ll A$. M>st $VS yl$ ]lZ Ey. B lV> "4' E.
^ll$]l#M, EVS ^l$]l ]l l]l$ "4' *_$.
*^l]l$ (5 ]l$_ 8 { ]lMS$): MS _{lZ _]l {$f E]l$, l {$f

>fMS$ $MS$]l$, ]ll rt {l$]l$, ^ll${ l$r$ $]l$ *_$.
D _{ BV> ^l$M MSl C_a]l {MS$ ]l*$ VS$^lyl.
E$
>fMS$
$MS$$
L
l$r
$
E
H
D
C F
G
B
A
rt{l$$
5. >fMS$ $MS$$ M>MS$y, E$, rt{l$Z H JMSs A]l $ G]l$?

]l*]l: >fMS$ $MS$$ M>MS$y Ey As l {$fZ EylMS* yll$.
E$, rt{l$Z H JMSs A Ey. As _]l {$ fZ V>, ]llZ
V> Ey.
Page no #238
l {$fZ MS$y _]l {$fZ V>, ]llZ V> E]l AS>$ A, E.

>fMS$ $MS$$ M>MS$y, E $, rt{l$Z H JMSs A]l A,
E *_$.
6. l$r$ $$ M>, >fMS$ $MS$O]l rt{l$$ G]l$?

]l*]l: l$r$ $$ M>MS*yll$ As ^ll${Z EylMS*yll$. >fMS$
$MS$O]l rt{l$$ As l {$fZ, ]llZ M>]l$lV> Ey.
^ll${Z EylMS$y l {$fZ, ]llZ M>]l$lV> E]l AS>$ B, C.

l$r$ $$ M>MS$y, >fMS$ $MS$O]l rt{l$]l$ B, C$ *_.
7. E$, rt{l$$ M>MS$y E]l >fMS$ $MS$]l$ VS$^lyl?
]l*]l: E$, rt{l$$ M>MS$y Ey As _]l {$fZ

EylMS*yll$, ]llZ EylMS*yll$. >fMS$ $MS$$ As l {$fZ Ey.
_]l {$fZ, ]llZ MS$y l {$fZ E]l AS>$ L, H.

E$, rt{l$$ M>MS$y E]l >fMS$ $MS$]l$ L, H. *_.
8. l$r$ $O]l rt{l$O]l E]l$ VS$^lyl?

]l*]l: l$r$ $O]l, rt{l$O]l E$ As ^ll${, ]ll,
_]l {$f ]lylsZ M>]l$lV> Ey. A M>]l$lV> F E, M>st ]l*]l
F A]l#l$.
l$r$ $O]l, rt{l$O]l E]l$ F *_$.
9. MS _{lZ {$f BVS]ll$]l$, ^ll${ ]ll$]l$, ]ll #$$]l$ *_$.

Al D _{l BV> ]ll$$ M> BVS]ll$O]l #$$]l$ VS$^lyl?
Page no #239
BVS]ll$$
#$$$
1
2
3 5
]ll$$
]l*]l: ]ll$$ M>$ As ^ll${Z EylMS*yll$. BVS]l l$O]l #$$$

As {$fZ, ]llZ ylsZ M>]l$lV> Ey.
^ll${Z MS$y {$fZ, ]llZ M>]l$lV> E]l AMS ""2''.
]ll$$ M>, BVS]llOl$]l #$ $]l$ ""2'' *_$.
10. MS _{l BV> >l EVS$$ M>, ^ll$]l#MS$]l EVS$]l$ VS$^lyl?

^ll$]l#MS$]l$
EVS$$
b
>l EVS$$
]l*]l: >l EVS$$ M>MS*yll$. As {$fZ EylMS*yll$. ^ll$]l# MS$]l

EVS$$ As yl$ ]lZ M>]l$lV> Ey.
{$fZ MS$y yl$ ]lZ M>]l$lV> E]l AS>$ b, d.
>l EVS$$ M> ^ll$]l#MS$]l EVS$]l$ b, d *_$.
M> & l*&1
Page no #240
]lQOl$]l *{$
I. l* = lVS M>
II. lVS = l*/ M>
l*
M> =
lVS
III. {]l*$
V> l*> $r$ MSZ$rZ *_.
M> MS]lZ, $Z VSrZ *_.
lV> V> $r$/MS]l$ MSZ$r$/VSrZ *_.
18
$r$/MS]l$Z C_a]l lV>
5
VS$_, MSZ$r$ / VSrZMS ]l*a]l^l$a.
C_a]l lV> 5 VS$_
18
AVS MSZ$r$/VSrZ
$r$/MS]l$ZMS ]l*a]l^l$a.
IV S lVS: yl$ $ V1, V2 lV> {*$$ A]l$ MS$.
A yl$ JMSZ {*$s s]l$l S lVS = V1 V2
A yl$ ]lMS Z {*$s s]l$l SlVS = V1 + V2
V. yl$ ]l$ll* = S lVS M>
E$
1.JMS M>$ 600 MS.$. l*> 8 VSrZ {*$. lV> 25 MS.$./VSr

_l 800 MS.$. l*> Gl ]l$$Z ^l$-MS$r$?
G) 7 VSr$ ) 8 VSr$
) 9 VSr$ yl) 10 VSr$
]l*]l:
lls M>$ lVS = 600
8
= 75 MS.$./VSr
lV> 25 MS.$./VSr _l = 75 + 25
2x 2
=
15 3
x x 40
=
3 5 60
Page no #241
= 100 MS.$./VSr
st ]l$$ = 800 = 8 VSr$
100
D lVS 800 MS.$. {*^lyMS
2.JMS EW 3 MS.$./VSr lVS ]lyl B$MS$ 20 $$ BV> lyl$. lV>
2 MS.$./VSr _l B$MS$ 20 $ $ ]ll$V> lyl$. A l Al Cs ]l$_
B $MS ]l$l l*l$l?
G) 2 MS.$. ) 3 MS.$.
) 4 MS.$. yl) 5 MS.$.
]l*]l: yl
CsMS, B $MS ]l$l l* = x A]l$Ms, l ]l$_
x=5
3.180 $r yl]l# VS JMS O$ Al yl]l# VS JMS ]ll]l]l$ 18 MS]lZ r$ l$.

Al B O$ lVS Gl?
G) 20 $/ ) 10 $/
) 15 $/ yl) 18 $/
]l*]l: G
18 MS]lZ O$ {*_]l ll l* = O$ yl]l# + ]ll]l yl]l#
= 180 + 180
= 360 $r$
O $ lVS = 360 = 20 $/
18
4.60 MS.$./VSr lVS {*$]l JMS O$ JMS ]ll]l]l$ 20 MS]lZ r$l$.

Al O$ yl]l# Gl?
G) 333 $. ) 300 $.
) 250 $. yl) MS]l$MP
]l*]l: yl
O$ lVS, A {*_]l M> Câ$. M>st 20 MS]lZ O$ {* ^l]l
l*> MS]l$MP]l^l$a. As (O$ yl]l# + ]ll]l yl]l#) $]l]l$ MS]l$MP]l^l$a.
JMSl lZ ]ll]l yl]l# C_aEs Ayl$ O$ yl]l#]l$ MS]l$MPyMS
300
2
= 300 = 120
5
5
2
MS]l$
l*
S lVS
M>
18
Page no #242
A]lM> Eyl.
5. 100 $r yl]l# VS JMS O$ 72 MS.$./VSr lVS {*$. 200 $r yl]l#
VS ]l$MS O$ 63 MS.$./VSr lVS Al Z l$. Al lls O$MS$ y
O$]l$ ryMS Gl ]l$$ yl$l$?
G) 60 MS]l$ ) 90 MS]l$
) 120 MS]l$ yl) 150 MS]l$
]l*]l:
y O$]l$ ss lls O$ {*^]l l* = lls O$ yl]l# +
yl]l O$ yl]l#
= 100 + 200 = 300 $r$
yl$ O S lVS = 72 & 63
= 9 MS.$./VSr
9 MS.$./VSr = 9 5 = 5 $/
VSr$ lVS
JMS ]lMS JMS ]l l lZ l $ lV> {*_]lyl$ ll M>

MS _]l VSr$ lV> MS]l$MP]l^l$a.
VSr$ lVS =
l lZ {*_]l ll l*
ll {* M>
=ll l*
ll M>
E$
1.JMS M>$ lls 30 $$ 40 MS.$./VSr lVS, l> 45 $$ 60
MS.$./VSr lVS {* ^l B M>$ VSr$ lVS Gl?
G) 50 MS.$./VSr ) 52 MS.$./VSr
) 48 MS.$./VSr yl) 54 MS.$./VSr

]l*]l:
30 $$ = 30 = 1 VSr
60
45 $$
ll M>
Page no #243
VSr
45 3
=
60 4
1 3 5
+ =
2 4 4
lls 30 $Z {*_]l l* = M> lVS

MS.$.
1
= 40 = 20
2
65
4
= 65 = 52
5
5
4
ll l* = 20 + 45 = 65 MS.$.
ll l*
VSr$ lVS=
llMSM>
.$./VSr
l>l 45 $Z {*_]l l*
MS.$.
3
= 60 = 45
M> l*&2
Page no #244
O$ & M ]l$$
{VS* & 1 {l$, {VS*&2, gG&ylHK, Cl s SZ M>&l* &lVS A MSl
OMS$ _]l {$ {]l. M>&l*>MS _]l M ]lQOl$]l

*{]l$ ^l*.
l* = M> lVS,
M> = l*/lVS,
lVS = l*/M>
{]l*$: lV>MS yl$ M> {]l*$.
1. MSZ$r$/VSr 2. $r$/MS]l$
$r$/MS]l$ {]l*Z E]l lV> MSZ$r$/VSrZMS ]l*>as 18/5 VS$^.
MSZ$r$/VSr {]l*Z E]l lV> 5/18 VS$_ $r$/ MS]lZMS ]l*a]l^l$a.
SlVS: yl$ lV> ]l$l Eyl MS]l$ B yl$ ]l$l S lVS
As$. yl$ $ JMS Z {* $s s lV> ll$ SlVS. yl$
$ ]lMS Z {*$s s lV> lll$ SlVS A]l#l$. Cyl$
O$ B* M> ]l$/]l$]l#]l$ ryMS _]l A>]l$ ^la.
1. ]l$]l# Gs ^l]l MS$y aV> Eyl, yl]l# VS^llW M>]lyl$ B
]l$]l#]l$ ryMS O$MS$ st ]l$$
= O$ yl]l#/O$ lVS
E: O $ JMS ryl BW E]l ]l$ ryl.
2. ]l$]l# aV> Eyl, yl]l# VS^llW A]lyl$ & B ]l$]l#]l$ ryMS
O$MS$ st ]l$$
= O$ yl]l#+]l$]l# yl]l#/O$ lVS
E: {ylj, s, BW E]l O$]l$ ryl.
3. ]l$]l# ^l]lZ Eyl, yl]l# VS ^llW M>]lyl$ ]l$]l#]l$ ryMS O$MS$
st ]l$$
= O$ yl]l#/(O$ lVS--&-]l$]l# lVS)
JMSl B ]l$]l#, O$ ]lMS Z {* ^l$s, ]l$]l#]l$ ryMS O$MS$ st
Page no #245
]l$$
= O$ yl]l#/(O$lVS+]l$]l# lVS)
4. ]l$]l# ^l]lZ Eyl, yl]l# VS ^llW A]lyl$, B ]l$]l#]l$ ryMS
O$MS$ st ]l$$
= (O$ yl]l#+]l$]l# yl]l#)/(O$lVS & ]l$]l# lVS) JMSl ]l$]l#, O$ ]lMS Z
{*$s B ]l$]l#]l$ ryMS O$MS$ st ]l$$
= (O$ yl]l#+]l$]l# yl]l#) / (O$lVS + ]l$]l# lVS) E: ^l]lZ E]l JMS O$,
^l]lZ E]l ]l$ O$]l$ ryl.
E: JMS O$, tlZ s 36 MS]lZ, s $l $a]l ]lMS 20 MS]lZ
s. O$ lVS 54 MS.$/VSr Al s yl]l# Gl? (HiD, 1982)
f$: lZ ]l$$ MS]lZ E M>st, O$ lV> $r$/MS]lZMS ]l*>a.
O $lVS = 54 5/18 = 15 $/ O $yl]l#]l$ L1, s yl]l#]l$ L2 A A]l$MS$s..
Cyl$ ]lMS ryMS O $MS$ st ]l$$ = 20 = L1/15
L1= 20 1- 5 = 300 $r$.
s ryMS O$MS$ st ]l$$
= 36 = L1+L2/15
300 + L2= 36 1- 5 = 540
L2= 540&300 = 240 $
s yl]l# = 240 $r$.
E: JMS O $ Cfl 210 $, 122$ yl]l# E]l yl$ rl l] $ ]l$V> 25 Z
r$l$. Al B O$ Cfl yl]l#, lV>]l$ MS]l$MPyl? (Gl$G, 1998)
f$: O$ yl]l#]l$ L $, lV> V $/, A A]l$MS$s... Ayl$ 210 $ yl]l#
E]l rl]l$ ryMS st ]l$$
= 25 = L+ 210/V 25 V= L+ 210
L= 25 V&- 210
AVS 122 $ yl]l# E]l rl]l$ ry MS st ]l$$ = 17 = L+122/V
L= 17 V& 122
& ]l$_ 25 V& 210 = 17V &- 122
25 V& 17 V = 210 & 122
8 V= 88 V = 11 $/
]l$_ L= 2511& 210 = 65 $
Page no #246
E: 190 $, 210 $ yl]l#$ E]l yl$ O$ ]lMS Z {*$. B

yl$ O lV>$ ]l$V> 40 MS.$/VSr, 32 MS$/VSr. Al B yl$ O$ JMS MSs
ryMS Gl ]l$$ yl$l$?
f$: O lV> ll = 40+32 = 72 MS.$/VS = 72 5/18 = 20 $/
B yl$ O$ JMSMSs ryMS st ]l$$ = yl$ O yl]l# ll/ yl$ O
lV> ll
= 190+210/20 = 400/20 = 20
E: JMS O$ o> ]l$_ sMS$, ]l$MS O$MS$ s ]l$_ o>MS$ JMS
$>. B yl$ O$ MS]l l>l s s >]l$ ]l$V> 9 VS, 16 VSZ
^l$MS$. s lV> Gl?
G) 2:3
) 4:3
) 6:7
yl) 9:16
(BB. 2001)
f$: yl$ O lV>$ ]l$V> V1, V2 MS.$/VS A]l$MS$s...A yl$ O Al ^r
MS...
(o>)
(s)
l ]l$_ OP = 9V1 MS.$,
HO = 16V2 MS.$
Cyl$ lls O$MS$ o> ]l$_ OMS l yMS st ]l$$ = 16V2 / V1
y O $MS$ s ]l$_ OMS ly MS st ]l$$ = 9V1/ V2
& ]l$_ 16V2/ V1 = 9V1 / V2
V1V1 / V2V2 = 16/9
V 16
1 =
9
V2
V1
16
=
V2
9
V1/V2 = 4:3
lV> = 4:3
]l*]l b
VS]l$MS: A ]l$_ BMS, B]l$_ AMS yl$ O$ JMS $$l>$]l$MS$. A yl$
MS]l l>l s s >]l$... A a VS$ b VSZ ^l$MS$s B yPage

l$ Ono
#247
lV>
=
JMS *{l VS$$^l$M]l^l$a.
E: XAl O $ 4 pmMS A]l$_ $$l 5 pmMS B ^l. YAl ]l$ O $ 4 pmMS B
]l$_ $$l 5.30 pmMS AMS ^l. B yl$ O$ MS]lyl$ ]l$$ Gl?
f$: A,B ]l$l l* = XMS.$. A]l$MS$s.. XAl O $MS$ A ]l$_ B MS ^lyMS 1
VSr st . X O $ lVS= X/1 = X MS.$/VS AVS Y Al O $ lVS= = 2x/3
MS.$/VS yl$ O$ ]lMS Z {*$.
=
M>st s S lVS =
5x/3MS.$/VS yl$ O$ MSs, B yl$ O$
{*^]l l*> ll = MS.$ Cl$MS$ st ]l$$ = ll l*/ SlVS
= 3/5 VSr$ = 3/5 60 $$ = 36 $$.
yl$ O$ MS$$MS$]lyl$ ]l$$ 4 VSr 36 $$ A]l#l$.
VS]l$MS: JMSO$ A ]l$_ B MS ^lyMS t1 VSr$ Al ]l$*MS B]l$_ AMS ^lyMS
]l$MS O$MS$ t2VSr$ yl$l$l]l$MS$s.. Ayl$ A yl$ $$l]l l>l
MS$$M]lyMS st ]l$$=
b: a
x
3/ 2
2x
3
x+
x
5x / 3
VSr$
t1 t 2
t1 + t 2
MS*y JMS *{l VS$$^l$ M]l^l$a.O EZ

t1=1, t2 = 3/2 Cyl$ O *{ E* W_ ]l* >rt]l^l$a.
M>&l*&3
Page no #248
VSr$ lVS & VSr$ Ol$i

"VSr$ lVS' Al A A s SMS* A]lOl$l.
{VS*&I l$l, l$l ]ls SMS$ MS*y
VSr$ lVS, VSr$ Ol$i Al A>$ G {]lOl$]l. D
A> ]l$_ {$ >]lyMS MS_alV> A]lM> E.
VSr$ lVS (Average Speed or Average
Velocity): A lZ MS JMS ]l VSr$ lVS = B* lZ ]l {*_]l
ll l* / B* lZ ]l {*_]l ll M>
D *{ *MSV> D lV> >$.
VSr$ lVS = ll l*/ll M>
ll l* = VSr$ lVS ll M>
M {lMS l>$:
Case (i): l lZ ]l {*_]l lVS V> Es B Ol$]l lVSl$ VSr$
lVS A]l#l$.
E: JMS M>$ lls 2 VSr$ 60 MSG^l lVS, B l>l 180 MS.$. l*> MS*y
60 MSG^l lVS {* B M>$ VSr$ lVS Gl?
]l*]l: l {M> yl$ lZ]l* M>$ lVS V> E (60 MSG^l). M>st
D Ol$]l lVSl$ VSr$ lVS A]l#l$.
M>$
VSr$ lVS = 60 MSG^l
Case (ii): l lZ {* ^l]l M>$ ]l*]lV> Es VSr$ lVS = B*
lZ lV> AMS]l$l]l$.
E: JMS ]lMS lls yl$ VSr$ M>$Z 90 MSG^l lVS, B l>l yl$ VSr$
$Z 60 MSG^l lVS, _]l yl$ VSr$ BsZZ 30 MSG^l lVS {*
ll {*Z B ]lMS VSr$ lVS Gl?
]l*]l: l$lyl&I
l {M> B ]lMS {*_]l ]lyl$ lZ]l* (M>$, $, BsZ) {* M>$
(2 VSr$) ]l*]lV> E. M>st B ]lMS VSr$ lVS = B* lZ lV>
AMS]l$l]l$.
Page no #249
= 90, 60, 30 MSG^l AMS]l$l]l$

AMS]l$l]l$ = >$ ll/>$ Q
M>st VSr$ lVS = 90+60+30/ 3
= 180/3 = 60
B ]lMS
VSr$ lVS = 60 MSG^l
l$lyl&II
l {M> ll {* M> =
2 + 2 + 2 = 6 VSr$ _____ (I)
"l* = lVS M>' *{l {M>..
B ]lMS M>$Z {*_]l l* =
90 2 = 180 MS.$.
$Z {*_]l l* =
60 2 = 120 MS.$.
BsZZ {*_]l l* =
30 2 = 60 MS.$.
]lyl$ lZ B ]lMS {*_]l ll l*
= 180 + 120 + 60 = 360 MS.$. ____ (II)
VSr$ lVS = ll l* / ll M>
(I), (II) ]l$_
VSr$ lVS = 360/6
= 60 MSG^l
B ]lMS
VSr$ lVS = 60 MSG^l
Case (iii): l lZ JMS ]l {*_]l l*>$ ]l*]lV> Es B* lZ
lV> >lMS ]l$l]l$l$ VSr$ lVS A]l#l$.

E: JMS $ Ol>l ]l$_ f$ylMS$ 90 MSG^l lVS, W f$yl ]l$_
Ol>lMS$ 110 MSG ^l lVS {* ll {*MS _ B $
VSr$ lVS Gl?
]l*]l: l$lyl&I
l {M> B $ yl$ lZ {*_]l l*>$ ]l*]lV> E M>st B
$ VSr$ lVS = B* lZ lV> >lMS ]l$l]l$.
= 90, 110 MSG^l >lMS ]l$l]l$.
>lMS ]l$l]l$ =
>$ Q/>$ Z]l* ll
M>st VSr$ lVS =
Page no #250
2
2
=
1
1
11 + 9
+
90 110
990
= 2
990
20
= 99 MSG^l
ll {*Z B $
VSr$ lVS =
11x + 9x 20x
=
990
990
2x
99
99 MSG^l
l$lyl&II
Ol>l, f$yl ]l$l l* = x MS.$. A]l$MS$s.. yl$ lZ $ {*_]l
ll l*
= x + x = 2x MS.$. _____ (I)
"M> = l*/lVS' *{l {M> $ Ol>l ]l$_ f$yl ^lyMS st
M> = x/90 VSr$. W f$yl ]l$_ Ol>lMS$ ^lyMS st M> =
x/110 VSr$
ll {* M> = x/90 + x/110
VSr$ _____ (II)
VSr$ lVS = ll l*/ll M>

(I), (II) ]l$_
VSr$ lVS =
2x
2x
99
99
2x
= 99 MSG^l
= 2x
B $
VSr$ lVS = 99 MSG^l
E: JMS ]lMS l]l M>$Z 60 MSG^l VSr$ lVS 2 VSrZ l]l B$MS$ ^l$MS$yl$.
W B$ ]l$_ 40 MSG^l VSr$ lVS $Z ]lâyl$. Al Al VSr$ lVS
Gl?
]l*]l: "{*_]l l* =
VSr$ lVS M>' *{l {M> B$MS, CsMS ]l$l l* = 60 2 = 120 MS.$.
M>st B ]lMS {*_]l ll l* =
120 + 120 = 240 MS.$. _____ (I)
B $ ]l$_ CsMS ^lyMS st M> =

VSr$
Page no #251
120
=3
40
ll {* M> =
2 + 3 = 5 VSr$ _____ (II)
(I), (II) ]l$_
VSr$ lVS =
240
5
= 48 MSG^l
B ]lMS
VSr$ lVS = 48 MSG^l
s: CMSPyl yl$ lZ ]lMS {*_]l l*>$ ]l*]l M>st VSr$ lVS = B*
lZ VSr$ lV> >lMS ]l$l]l$ A]l$M MS*y ^l^l$a.
E: JMS ]lMS lls 60 MS.$. l*> 40 MSG^l lVS M>$Z, l>l 400 MS.$.
l*> 80 MSG^l lVS O$Z, l>l 1600 MS.$. l*> 400 MSG^l lVS
]l*]lZ, _]l 40 MS.$. l*> 20 MSG^l lVS yl]lZ {*^yl$. Al
ll {*Z Al VSr$ lVS Gl?
]l*]l: l ]l$_ 4 lZ B ]lMS {*_]l ll l* =
60 + 400 + 1600 + 40 =
2100 MS.$. ____ (I)
"M> = l*/lVS' *{l {M> B ]lMS 4 lZ... M>$, O$, ]l*]l, yl]lZ ^l]l
{* M>$ ]l$V> =
VSr$
60 400 1600 40
,
,
,
40 80 400 20
= 1.5, 5, 4, 2 VSr$
ll {* M> =
1.5 + 5 + 4 + 2 = 12.5 VSr$ ____ (II)
(I), (II) ]l$_
VSr$ lVS =
2100
12.5
= 168 MSG^l
M>st B ]lMS VSr$ lVS = 168 MSG^l
E: JMS OMSt l]l$ {*^]l ll l*Z 50% l*> 50 MSG^l lVS,
30% l*> 30 MSG^l lVS, $W]l l*> 15 $Z {*, Alyl VSr$
lVS Gl?
]l*]l: l MZMS$y OMSt {*^]l ll l* = 100 MS.$.
A]l$MS$s... ____(I)
100
= 44.44
2.25
O MS
t VSr$ lVS = 44.44 MSG^l
lls lZ 50% l* As 50 MS.$.]l$ {*^lyMS st M> = l*Page

/nolVS#252
= 50/50 = 1 VSr
y lZ 30% l* As 30 MS.$.]l$ {*^lyMS st M> =
30/30 = 1 VSr
]ly lZ $W]l l* As 100(50+30) = 20 MS.$.]l$ {*^lyMS st]l
M> = 15 $$
= 0.25 VSr$
ll {* M> = 1 + 1 + 0.25
= 2.25 VSr$ _____ (II)
(I), (II) ]l$_ VSr$ lVS =
E: JMS $ Ol>l ]l$_ f$ylMS$ l W ]l$ Ol>lMS ]l JMS {s N

A]lr$. D l V> B $ 90 MSG^l VSr$ lVS 5 {s ]l$ 30 VSrZ N
^l. Al Ol>l, f$yl ]l$l l* Gl?
]l*]l: Ol>l, f$yl ]l$l l* = 'd' MS.$. A]l$MS$s.. JMS {sZ
{*^l l* = d + d = 2d MS.$.
ll 5 {sZ {*_]l ll l* = 2d 5 = 10d MS.$. _____ (I)
ll {*_]l l* =
VSr$ lVS ll {* M>
= 90 30 = 2700 MS.$. _____ (II)
(I), (II) ]l$_ 10d = 2700
d=
2700
= 270
10
Ol>l, f$yl ]l$l l* =
270 MS.$.
E:
JMS ]lMS lls 1/20 MS.$. l*> 9 MSG^l lVS 2]l, 3]l, 4]l 1/20 MS.$.
l*>]l$ ]l$V> 12, 18, 36 MSG^l lV> {*^yl$. Al ll l*> B
]lMS 18.75 MSG^l VSr$ lVS {*^yl]l 'A' l]l. 14.4 jMSG^l VSr$
lVS {*^yl]l 'B' l]l. G]l l]l O ^lyl.

]l*]l: AMS]l$l]l$ =
>$ ll/>$ Q
$VS$ lZ B ]lMS lV> AMS]l$l]l$ =
Page no #253
9 + 12 + 18 + 36 75
=
= 18.75
4
4
4
1 1 1
1
+ + +
9 12 18 36
4
4 + 3 + 2 +1
36
= 4
lV> AMS]l$l]l$ = 18.75 MSG^l.

C_a]l lZ 'A' AMS]l$l]l* E*W_ VSr$ lV> MS]l$Vyl
A]l$]l#l$. M> B* lZ {* M>$ ]l*]lV> E]lyl$ ]l*{ll$
AMS]l$l]l$ VSr$ lVS A]l#l$. lZ B* lZ {*_]l l*>$
]l*]lV> E M>st CMSPyl VSr$ lV> MS]l$MP]lyMS >lMS ]l$l]l* y.
VSr$ lVS = 9, 12, 18, 36 MSG^l >lMS ]l$l]l$.
36
= 14.4
10
B ]lMS VSr$ lVS = 14.4 MSG^l lZ lZ VSr$ lV>
MS]l$MP]lyMS O]l VSMS Ml >lMS ]l$l]l$. M>st VSr$ lVS = 14.4 MSG^l
Al 'B' l]l O.
M>&l*&4
Page no #254
VSr$ & Ol$i

VSl MSZ VSr$ lVS VS$_ ^la^. D MSZ VSr$
Ol$i VS$_ l$$MS$.
Ol$i:
G) Ol$i = {*_]l l* / yl]l Cl]l
V> Ol$i {]l*$ -- KMPL As MSZ$r$/r$. JMS r$ Cl]l
B ]l G MSZ$r l*> {*$ Ol$i l$#l$. Ol$iMS
MSZ$r$/V>]l$ Ol$$/V>]l$ llO]l {]l*$ MS*y yl$$.
) {*_]l l*= Ol$i yl]l Cl]l
) yl]l Cl]l={*_]l l* / Ol$i
E: JMS M>$ 20 KMPL Ol$i 500 km {*^s Gl Cl]l A]l?

]l*]l:
yl]l Cl ]l = 500/20 = 25 r$.
]l*]l = 25 r$.
VSr$ Ol$i:
VSr$Ol$i=l lZ {*_]l ll l* / l lZ yl]l ll Cl]l
D *{l *SV> D l V> MS*y >^l$a.
G)
VSr$ O l $i = ll l*/ ll Cl]l
)
ll l* = VSr$ O l $i ll Cl]l
)
ll Cl]l = ll l*/ VSr$ Ol$i
case(i): { lZ Ol$i V> Es B Ol$]l Ol$i VSr$ Ol$i A]l#l$.
E: JMS ]l lls 500 km l*> 50 KMPL Ol$i, l>l 95 km
l*> 50 KMPL Ol$i, _]l 15 km l*> MS*y 50 KMPL Ol$i
{* B ]l VSr$ Ol$i Gl?
]l*]l:
]lyl$ lZ { lZ MS*y B ]l O l $i V> (50 KMPL) E.
Page no #255
VSr$ O l $i = 50 KMPL
case ii: l lZ yl]l Cl]l V> Es, B* lZ Ol$i AMS]l$l]l$l$
VSr$ Ol$i A]l#l$.

E: JMS M>$ 5 r Cl ]l yl 45 KMPL Ol$i {*_. y lZ 5
r Cl ]l yl 40 KMPL O l $i, _]l lZ MS*y 5 r Cl ]l yl 55
KMPL Ol$i {* ^l. ll {*MS _ VSr$ Ol$i Gl?
]l*]l:
Method - I
l {M>, ]lyl$ lZ MS*y yl]l Cl]l ]l* ]l*]lV> (5 r$) E.

M>st
VSr$ Ol$i = B* lZ Ol$i AMS]l$l]l$ A]l#l$.
= 45, 40, 55 AMS]l$l
AMS ]l$l]l$ = >$ ll/ >$ Q
D *{l {M> VSr$ O l $i =
45 + 40 + 55
__________ = 140/3 = 46.66

3
VSr$ O l $i = 46.66 KMPL
Method - II
AMS]l$l]l* E*W^lMS$y {l$MS *{ A]l$_ MS*y ^l^l$a.

l {M> ]lyl$ lZ yl]l ll Cl]l
= 5 + 5 + 5 = 15 r$ ............. (1)
"{*_]l l* = Ol$i yl]l Cl]l' *{l {M> &
lls lZ {*_]l l* =
45 5 = 225 km
y lZ l* = 40 5 = 200 km
]ly lZ l* = 555 = 275 km
ll l* = 225 + 200 + 275
= 700 km ..................(2)
Page no #256
VSr$ Ol$i = ll l*/ ll Cl]l
(1) & (2) ]l$_ VSr$ O l $i = 700/15 = 46.66 KMPC
ll {*MS _ B M>$ VSr$ O l $i = 46.66 KMPC
Note: AylW]l {, MS MSs_]l ]l*$P]l$ st O yl$ ll$Z H lV> A
^l$]l^l$a.
case iii:
l lZ {*_]l l*>$ V> Es B* lZ Ol$i >lMS ]l$l]l$l$

VSr$ Ol$i.
E: JMS M>$ A ]l$_ BMS 40 KMPL O l $i, W B ]l$_ AMS 60 KMPL Ol$i
{* ^l. A, B ]l$l l* 120MS.$. Il ll {*Z B M>$ VSr$
Ol$i Gl?
]l*]l:
Method - I
2
2
=
1
1
3+2
+
40 60 120
VSr$ O l $i
l {M> yl$ lZ M>$ {*_]l l* V> E. M>st B M>$ VSr$

Ol$i = B* lZ Ol$i >lMS ]l$l]l$ = 40, 60 >lMS ]l$l]l$
>lMS ]l$l ]l$=

>$ Q / >$ Z]l* ll
120
= 48 KMPL
5
Note: D lZ M>$ {*_]l A, B ]l$l l*=120 km Al *MS

Gr$]ls {]l l$. 120 kmMS$ l$$ H Cl Q E MS*y VSr$ O l $i =
48 KMPL ]l$. As yl$ lZ {*_ l*>$ ]l*]lV> Es ^$.B
l* Gl Al A{]l.
Method - II
l {M>, yl$ lZ M>$ {*_]l ll l* =

120+120 = 240 km .........(1)
yl]l Cl ]l =
{*_]l l*/ Ol$i
lls lZ A ]l$_ BMS {*^lyMS yl]l Cl]l = 120/40 = 3 r$.
Page
y lZ B ]l$_ AMS {*^lyMS yl]l Cl ]l = 120/60 = 2 r
$ no #257
ll Cl ]l = 3 + 2 = 5 .......(2)
VSr$ Ol$i = ll l*/ ll Cl]l
(1) & (2) ]l$_ VSr$ O l $i 240/5 = 48 KMPL
ll {*Z M>$ VSr$ Ol$i
=48 KMPL
2
2
=
1
1
6 +5
+
20 24 120
120
= 21.81 Miles / gallon
11
E: JMS ]lMS A ]l$_ BMS 20 miles/gallon O l $i, W B ]l$_ AMS 24

miles/gallon Ol$i {*^yl$. Il B ]lMS VSr$ Ol$i MS]l$MP]lyMS H
VSMS# Ml l$ P ]l* ^l*ylyl?
]l*]l:
lZ ]lMS yl$ lZ]l* {*_]l l*>$ ]l*]lV> E M>st VSr$
Ol$i MS]l$MP]lyMS >lMS ]l$l]l$ O]l VSMS# Ml A]l#l$.
VSr$ Ol$i = 20, 24 >lMS ]l$l]l$
]l* ^l*ylyl
A, B ]l$l l* = 'd' miles A]l$Myl.
A#yl$ ll l* = d + d = 2d miles ..........(1)
'A' ]l$_ 'B'MS {*^lyMS M>]l]l Cl]l = l*/Ol$i
= d/20 gallons
AVS 'B' ]l$_ 'A' MS {*^lyMS M>]l]l Cl]l
= d/24 gallons
ll Cl ]l
=
d
d
+
20 24
6d + 5d 11d
gallons ............(2)
=
120
120
(1) & (2) ]l$_ VSr$ Ol$i

=
2d
11d
120
= 2d
120 240
=
11d 11
= 21.81 Miles/gallon
M>st D lZ >lMS ]l$l]l$ O]l VSMS# Ml A >^^l$a.

Page no #258
E: JMS M>$ ]lyl$ lZ D lV> {*_.

G)
lls lZ 1 1/2 VSr$ r$, 40 KMPH lVS 60 KMPL Ol$i
{*_.
)
l$l 2 VSr r$ 60 KMPH lVS 50 KMPL Ol$i
{*_.
)
_]l 1 VSr 50 KMPH lVS 40 KMPL Ol$i {*_.
Il ll {*MS _ B M>$ VSr$ lVS, VSr$ Ol$i]l$ MS]l$MPyl.
]l*]l:
VSr$ lVS
l ]l$_ ]lyl$ lZ M>$ ll {*M> = 1.5+2+1=4.5 VSr$
..............(1)
lls lZ M>$ {*_]l l* =
M> lVS
1.5 40 = 60 km;
y lZ l* = 260 = 120 km;
]ly lZ l*= 150=50 km
]lyl$ lZ M>$ {*_]l ll l* =
60+120+50= 230 km
................(2)
(1) & (2) ]l$_ VSr$ lVS =
ll l*/ll M>
= 230/4.5
= 51.11
ll {*Z M>$
VSr$ lVS = 51.11 KMPH.
VSr$ Ol$i:
lls lZ *W_]l Cl]l
= {*_]l l*/ Ol$i
= 60/60 = 1 r$.
y lZ Cl ]l = 120/50 = 2.4 r$.
]ly lZ Cl ]l = 50/40 = 1.25 r$
= ]lyl$ lZ *W_]l ll Cl ]l = 1 + 2.4 + 1.25 = 4.65 r$ ......... (3)
(2) & (3) ]l$_ VSr$ Ol$i
Page no #259
= ll l*/ ll Cl]l
= 230/4.65 = 49.46 KMPL

ll {*Z M>$ VSr$ Ol$i = 49.46 KMPL
M>&&1
Page no #260
{ s SZ MS*y "M>&' Al A ]l$_ {$ lV> Ayl$VS$$.
1
t r$
1
t
Alyl$ JMSPkZ ^l
M>&:
M>, MS _ ]lQV> 3 A>$ Es. A:
1) ^l ]l$]l$$$ ${$
2) ^l$yMS st M>: l$, k$, VSr$, $$ llO]l
3) ]l*
MS Gr$]ls {]l** ]l#. M>st V> rZ ^l^l$a.
1)JMS N JMS sV> VS $. JMS ]l$ JMS N ^l$yMS st M>
t k$. Al
2)JMS ]lMS JMSPkZ ^l

r$. Al n r ^l$yMS AlylMS
st M> = n t k$
3)JMS A, B Al Cl$ ]lMS$$ ]l$V> t1, t2 kZ N ^l$VSWl, Cl$ MS
t1 t 2
T=
t1 + t 2 k$
B N ^l$yMS st M>
t2 =
t1 T
t1 T
AVS
k$
4)JMS A, B, C Al ]lVS$Y$ ]lMS$$ ]l$ V> t1, t2, t3 kZ N ^l$VSWl..
]lVS$Y $ MS B N ^l$yMS st M> (T):
T=
t1 t 2 t 3
t1 t 2 + t 2 t 3 t 3 t 1
k$
AVS
t1 t 2 T
t1 t 2 t 2 T T t 1
t3 =
Page no #261
k$
E 1
JMS N ^l$yMS A, BMS$ ]l$V> 20, 30 k$ yl$l$. Cl$ MS ^l B
G kZ N]l#l$?
G) 15 ) 25 ) 12yl) 18
]l*]l
T=
t1 t 2
t1 + t 2
T=
20 30 600
=
= 12
20 + 30 50
t1 = 20, t2 = 30
Al *{]l]l$_
k$
A, B$ Cl $ MS B
12 kZ N ^l $.
]l*]l:
E 2
]l*]l
JMS A, B$ MS 6 kZ N ^l$VS$. Al A JMSPyl$ 10 kZ N

^l$VSyl$. Al B B JMSPyl$ N ^l$yMS st k Q?
G) 8 ) 15
) 12 yl) 16
T = 6, t1 = 10
t2 =
t1 T
t1 T
Al *{]l]l$_
t2 =
6 10 6
=
10 6
60
= 15
4
k$
]l*]l:
Page no #262
E 3
A, B, C Al ]lVS$Y$ ]lMS$$ MS JMS 3 kZ N ^l$VS$. Al A, B$
]l$V> 15, 6 kZ N ^l$VS$. Al AlMS$ st# C JMSPyl$ G kZ
N ^l$VSyl$?
G) 20 ) 5 ) 18yl) HM>l$
]l*]l
T = 3, t1 = 15, t2 = 6
t1 t 2 T
t1 t 2 t 2 T T t 1
t3 =
t3 =
Al *{]l]l$_
15 6 3
15 6 6 3 3 15
= 10 k$
As CMS B (JMS s ) ^l$yMS st M> 10 k$.
AlMS$ st# (yl$ r ) ^l$yMS st M> = 2 10 = 20

k$
]l*]l: G
Cr$]ls {]l$ l$V> MS *{l MS*y ^l]l^l$a
t3 =
n t1 t 2 T
t1 t 2 t 2 T T t 1
n As ^l$]l]l rZ
D {Z n = 2
JMSl VS A As
n=
1
2
A]l#l$.
E 4
JMS A, B$ MS 12 kZ, B, C$ MS 15 kZ, C, A$ MS 20 kZ
^l$VS$. Al A, B, C ]lVS$Y$ MS B G kZ N ^l$VS$?
G) 10 ) 7 ) 8 yl) 9
]l*]l
(A + B) JMSPk

1
12
(B + C) JMSPk

1
15
(C + A) JMSPk

1
20
Page no #263
O ]lyls MS$V>
2(A + B + C) JMSPk

=
1
1
1 12 1
+ +
=
=
12 15 20 60 5
1
10
(A + B + C) JMSPk

A, B, C ]lVS$Y$ MS B ^l$yMS 10 k$ yl$l$.
]l*]l: G
=
M>&&2
Page no #264
W1
, M1 ]lMS$$, JMPMSP$ E1 ]l$, D1 kZ ^l ; W2 , M2
]lMS$$, JMPMSP$ E2 ]l$, D2 kZ ^l$VSWl

M1 E1 D 1 M 2 E 2 D 2
=
W1
W2
E As ]l$ Ol# (Efficiency). JMSl C_a]l {Z lZ
M1 D1 M 2 D 2
=
W1
W2
]lMS$ ]l$ VS$_ ^lMSl, Al$ ]lMS$ ]l$ ]l*]l A ^.

Ayl$
yl$ l>Z ]l*]l Al, As W1 = W2 Al
M1 D1 = M 2 D 2
]l*]l
O ]lyl$ *{]l$ A$$ A]lV>]l ^l$M MS_alV> VS$$^l$M. H *{l

Gyl$ y Al g{VSlV> VS]l$^.
E 1: A JMS "12' kZ ^l$VSyl$. A MSs B MS 50 >l Ol#
GMS$P]l. Al Al B G kZ ^l$VSyl$?
G) 6 ) 9 ) 8 yl) 10
AMS _:
W1=1, D1=12, M1=1, E1=100 A]l$M]l$]l.
BMS _:
W1=1, D2=?, M2=1, E2=150
Gl$MSs A MSs BMS 50 >l O l # GMS$P]l M>st

M1 E1 D 1 M 2 E 2 D 2
=
W1
W2
Al *{ A]l$_
1 100 12 1 150 + D 2
=
1
1
Page no #265
100 12 = 150 D2
D2 = 8
]l*]l:
E 2:16 ]l$ 100 fl rt]l$ 12 kZ MS$rtVS$. Al 12 ]l$ 150 fl
rt]l$ G kZ MS$rtVS$?
G) 24 ) 20 ) 18yl) 16
]l*]l
W1 = 100, M1 = 16, D1 = 12,
W2 = 150, M2 = 12, D2 = ?
JMS fl rt$ MS$rty JMS s A]l$M. Ayl$
Al *{l {M>
M1 D1 M 2 D 2
=
W1
W2
16 12 12 D 2
=
100
150
D2 = 24
]l*]l: G
E 3: 12 ]l$ JMS 18 kZ ^l$. $ 6 k$ ^l]l l>l ]l$
]l$VS$$ Z ^l>$. Al $W]l G kZ N A]l#l$?
G) 6 ) 9 ) 10 yl) 8
]l*]l
$W]l MS _:
12 ]l$, 12 kZ ^l $.
12 + 4 = 16 ]l$ G kZ ^l $?
M1 D1 = M2 D2
Al *{l {M> 12 12 = 16 D2
D2 = 9
Page no #266
]l*]l:
E 4:
JMS A, B $ ]l$V> 15, 10 kZ N^l JMSP k VSr$ Gl?
G) 2
) 1
) 1
yl) 1
13
25
14
12
]l*]l
1 1
+
15
10
=
2
]lMS$ JMSPk VSr$

]lMS$ JMSPk ]l$ ll
=
]lMS$ Q
1
12
]l*]l: yl
E 5:JMS A, B $ ]l$V> 50, 10 kZ ^l$VS$. A B { _]l
M k l>l B Z ^l>yl$. ll $l B 45 kZ N. Al B G
k$ -^l->-yl$?
G) 2 ) 3 ) 1 yl) 4
]l*]l
l {M> N M> As 45 k r$ ^l ]l ]lMS A.

45 kZ A ^l
1
9
=
50 10
S
= 45
ll 1 s M>s,t A ^l$V> $W]l = 1

Cl$MS$ BMS JMSPk yl$l$.
]l*]l:
9
1
=
10 10
& M>&3
Page no #267
E 1
JMS A, B$ ]l$V> 25, 20 kZ ^l$VS$. Cl$ MS
{_]l 5 k l>l A ]l*l>yl$. $W]l
B G kZ N ^l$VSyl$?
G) 16 ) 11 ) 9 yl) 15
]l*]l:
5 kZ A ^l
A ^l$V> $W]l
1 1
=
25 5
= 5
1 4 16
= 1 = =
5 5 20
ll $l B 16 k$
^l>yl$. M>st $W]l B 16 & 5 = 11 kZ
^lyl$.
E 2
9 ]l$ #$$$, 12 ]l$ $ MS JMS 12 kZ ^l$VS$. Al 12 ]l$

#$$$, 12 ]l$ $ MS 10 kZ ^l$VS$. Al 30 ]l$ #$$$ B G
kZ ^l$VS$?
G) 9 ) 8 ) 7 yl) 6
]l*]l: yl
1
=
12 ]l$ #$$$ + 12 ]l$ JMSPk 10 ... (1)
1
=
12 ... (2)
9 ]l$ #$$$ + 12 ]l$ JMSPk
(1) & (2) ^l$V>,
]lVS$Y-$ #$$ JMSPk
1 1
1
= =
10 12 60
Page no #268
1
1
10 =
60
6
30 ]l$ #$$ JMSPk

30 ]l$
#$$$ B ^l$yMS 6 k$ yl$l$.
E 3
16 ]l$ JMS 25 kZ ^l$VS$. JMSP ]l$ Cl$ $ ]l*]l. Al

40 ]l$ $$ Al G kZ ^l$VS$?
G) 20 ) 10 ) 40yl) 30
]l*]l: G
40 ]l$ $$ = 20 ]l$ ]l$]l$$$

M1 D1 = M2 D2 Al *{l {M>
16 25 = 20 D2
D2 = 20
E 4
JMS s sMS$]l$ yl$ #$ ]l$V> 25, 50 $Z VS]l#. yl$ #$ JMS

^l$yl { B s sMS$ GlsZ yl$l$?
G) 20
) 15
16
2
3
yl) 16
]l*]l:
CMSPyl s #$ sMS$]l$ y MS*y VS ^.

t t
T= 1 2
t1 + t 2 Al *{]l]l$_
25 50 50
2
=
=
= 16
25 + 50 3
3
E 5
Page no #269
JMS s sMS$]l$ A Al # 20 $Z VSl$. B Al # Al s sMS$]l$

30 $Z R ^l$VSl$. yl$ #$ JMS ^l$yl { B sMS$ Gl
]l$$Z yl$l$?
G) 50 $ ) 60 $
) 40 $ yl) 45 $
]l*]l:
lZ A Al # l lMS Al, B lMS A]l#l$.
B

$MS (A + B)

1
1
1
=
20 30 60
1
30
1
20
$MS A

=+
yl$ #$ MS 60 $Z s sMS$]l$ VS]l#.

Direct formula:
Cs {MS$ MS *{ E*W_ $-V> ]l*--- >-rt-]l-^l$a.

T=
t1 t 2
t 2 t1
E 6
MSi E]l M>V> JMS JMS # sMS$]l$ 36 VSrZ #l$. MS$ A]l#l$]l $
#Z ]l$]l sZ VS. MSi ]lrl B # sMS$]l$ GlsZ #l$?
G) 18 VSr$ ) 24 VSr$
) 27 VSr$ yl) 30 VSr$
]l*]l: G
#Z VS $ MS$ A]l#l$ls B # 50 >l ]l$ ^l$]lr$. MSi
Page no #270
MS$s 100 >l ]l$ ^l$.
D1 E1 = D2 E2 Al *{l {M> (CMSPyl D As M> VSrZ
$MS$s)
36 50 = D2 100
D2 = 18 VSr$
MS$P$, l*>$-&1
Page no #271
s S$ >$-]l A--MS o-MSV> MS$P- VS$_ -gq-]l A]l--.

--O MS*y MS$P-$ VS$^l-VS--V>-.
MS$PO r$t ^-s --O MS$P-$ VS$^l-yl-l$ M>MS$y, l*$Ol# Ml-l*-
]lyl-_ MS$yl-Ol-# l As H -Z l? Al-lV> Gyl-]l$-Ol-# l As H -Z l?
Al -*--O -gq-]l -Ey-. s-r$- O-VS-- l l- Ey-.
]ll$-V> MS$P- VS$_ ---. G-Oyl- --Z O V>- El- A,- MS -]l$
lS- A, MS$yl-Ol-#-]l$ l*$-V>, Gyl-]l$-Ol-#-]l$ --yl-]l$--V> -VS$-^-. Al--lV> ]l--$ D>-
]l, BVS-$, Ol$-, ----]l$ -]l-$--V> VS$^-.
MS$P--]l$ MSlV> VS$^-
El
]l
D>]l
BVS$
Ol$
l*$
yl]l$
lS
D MS$P--]l$ CM> $-V> VS$-$^l$-M--s -E-D-l*-B-l-Ol-- Al -Page

l$a-noMS#272
$s ^-$. D lZ- AS->--]l$ O ]l$_ ll-$--st ]l---Z (Clock wise direction)
JMP A- - S - >- >* >-. E As El- , D As D>-l] ... As -l] . M>st
D -- VS$$^l$-Myl.
MS$P-- r$ H JMS -Z Ml-l*- lMS MS$yl-Ol-# As H -Z l$--, Gyl-]l$-
MS$-.
MS$ylOl#
Gyl]l$Ol#
-$-$-l--]l
Wl
Wl
El-
l*-$
-l-S-
E-l-
-yl-]l$-
-l*-$
lS-
--yl-]l$-
l*$
ll-r
yl-]l$-
Ol-# As H -Z -l-$--l* l- Ey-. s- MS st-MS > l$-$-
-E-l-
l-S-
O st-MS > ll-r El- -Z $-$-l--]l l>-l MS$yl-Ol-# -W-l l*$ -Z, Gyl]l$-Ol-# -W-l yl-]l$- -Z l- A l$-$. C-llV> $VS- MS$P- VS$_ O stMS > ]l->-$ l$-$-Myl.
O-VS-- l
JMS {$-fZ HOl JMS M 90 E]l-r--l- -- -M- {$-f As-$. D {$fZ HOl- yl$ $g-$ l- ]ly--- l$-$-M-]l-^l$a.
Page no #273
~
MS
$f
900
B
$f
-J-MS -M- {$-fZ MS-~ ]lY, $VS- yl$ $-g- ]l>Y- l--MS ]l*-]l.
(MS~)2 = ($-f)2 + ($-f)2

(AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2
O]l ^l-]l ]l->-$ N-V> l$a-MS$-]l-s-l MS$P--O {--]l$ $-V> ^l$-]l-^l$a.
.-
D AO { ]l_a-]l--yl$ l-MS$y ]l$ X B-V>-l ]l*--- VS$^-
M E---$
1. J-MS -]l-MS l*$ -Z 5 MS.$. {*-_, Gyl-]l$Ol# 10 MS.-$. {*-^-yl$. ]l$- Gyl]l$-Ol-# -W 5 MS.-$. {*-_ _]l--V> MS$yl-Ol-# 5 MS.$ {*-^-yl$. A-l B ]l-MS
{-- ]l$_ H -Z Gl l*-Z E-yl$?
Page no #274
5 MS.$.
D
5 MS.$.
10 MS.$.
10 MS.$.
5 MS.$.
JMS ]lMS l*$-Ol-# As A ]l$_ B ]l-MS$ 5 MS.$. {*-^-yl$. l>-l Gyl-]l$-Ol-# As

El-Ol# B ]l$_ C ]l-MS$ 10 MS.$. {*-^-yl$. ]l$- Gyl-]l$-Ol-# As yl-]l$- Ol#
C ]l$_ D ]l-MS$ 5 MS.$. {*-^-yl$. _]l--V> MS$yl-Ol-# As El-Ol# 5 MS.$. {*-
^-yl$. As Al-]l$ { ]l$_ El- -Z E-yl$.

Al-]l$ {*-_-]l l* As A ]l$_ E ]l-MS$ MS]l$--MP--
AE
= AD + DE
= 10 + 5 [AD = BC = 10 km]
= 15 km
M>st Al-]l$ {-- ]l$_ El- -Z 15 MS.$. l*Z E-yl$.

2. MS- El- Ol# 10 MS.$. ]lyl-_ MS$yl-Ol-# 5 MS.-$. ]lyl-^-yl$. ]l$- Gyl-]l$-Ol-# 5 MS.$. ]lyl-_,
MS$yl-Ol-# ]l$ 10 MS.$. ]lyl-^-yl$. _]l--V> l-S- Ol# 15 MS.$ ]lyl-^-yl$. Al MS
{ ]l$_ H Z Gll*Z Eyl$?
10 MS.$.
Page no #275
5 MS.$.
B
5 MS.$.
C
15 MS.$.
10 MS.$.
A
MS]l$MP.
AF ]l$l l* = AG + GF
O s _]lrl { A A]l$ F ]l$l l*
AGMS Gl$$ $f BC M>st AG = BC = 5 MS.$.
= 15 MS.$.
GFMS Gl$$ $f DE M>st GF = DE = 10 MS.$.

AF
= AG + GF = 5 + 10
M>st MS { ]l$_ l*$ Z 15 MS.$. l*Z Eyl$.
3. ]l$ lS Ol# 6 MS.$. {* _, l*$Ol# ]l$ 8 MS.$. {* ^yl$.

Cyl$ l]l$ { ]l$_ H Z Gl l*Z Eyl$?
A
6 MS.$.
8 MS.$.
Page no #276
A ]l$_ B ]lMS$ 6 MS.$.

B ]l$_ C ]lMS$ 10 MS.$. {*^yl$.
Cyl$ AC]l$ MSl M {$f ]l$. OVS l {M>
(MS~)2 = ($-f)2 + ($-f)2
(AC)2 = (AB)2 + (BC)2

= 62 + 82
= 36 + 64
(AC)2 = 100
AC = 10 MS.$.
]l$ l]l { ]l$_ BVS$ Z 10 MS.$. l*Z Eyl$.

4. l l*$Ol# 6$. {*_, Gyl]l$ Ol# ]l$ 8$. {*_. l>l Gyl]l$Ol#
11$. {*_ _]lV> lS Ol# 20$. {*_. Cyl$ l l]l$
$$l]l ]l$_ H Z Gl l*Z E?
11 $
E
8 $
20 $
F
A
6 $
G
Page no #277
12
O rZ AG l* MS]l$MP.
AG l* MS]l$MPs ]ll$V> AF, FG $g l*>$ l$$M.
= CD = 6 MS.$.
= CE CD
AB
DE
AB MSl$$V> E]l $f CD$ yl* ]l*]l.
= 11 6 = 5 MS.$.
DE = 5 MS.$.
DE MSl$$V> E]l $f AF$ yl* ]l*]l.

DE = AF = 5 MS.$.
BC MSl$$V> E]l $f EF$ yl* ]l*]l.
BC = EF = 8 $.
FG = EG EF
= 20 8 = 12 $.
Page no #278
FG = 12 $.
AFG M {$fZ
AF = 5 $., FG = 12 $. A l$$MS$. s BV> ]l$]lMS$ M>]l AG
l* l$$M]l^l$a.
(MS~)2 = ($-f)2 + ($-f)2
H
S
AG = 13 $.
(AG)2 = (AF)2 + (FG)2

= 52 + 122
= 25 + 144 = 169
(AG)2 = 169
l O l $ Z 13 $. l*Z E.
5. VS]l$ l*$Ol# 6 MS.$. {*_, MS$ylOl# 5 MS.$. {*_ ]l$ Gyl]l$Ol# 6
MS.$. {*_. l>l MS$ylOl# 4 MS.$. {*_ _]lV> yl]l$Ol# 12 MS.$.
{*_. Al VS]l$ { ]l$_ H Z Gl l*Z E?
B
5
12
Page no #279
O rZ BC, MSl$$V> E]l $f AG$ ]l*]l.

BC = AG = 5 km
]l$]lMS$ M>]l]l l*
AF = AG + GF
=5+4=9
VS]l$ { ]l$_ lS Z 9 MS.$. l*Z E.
MS$P$, l*>$&2
Page no #280
1. Vll$ El O l # 20 $. ]lyl_, Gyl]l$Ol # W 40 $.

]lyl^yl$. ]l$ Gyl]l$Ol# W 20 $. ]lyl^yl$. _]lV>
MS$ylOl# W 20 $. ]lyl_]lrl Cyll]l$ {
]l$_ Gl l*Z Eyl$?
20 $.
20 $.
E
40 $.
20 $.
40 $.
A
O r >
]l$]l MS]l$MP]l]l l* AE = AD + DE
^ll${Z Gl$l$$ $g$ ]l*]l.
M>st BC = AD = 40 $.
M>st AE = 40 $ + 20 $. = 60 $.
Vll$ { ]l$_ 60 $. l*Z Eyl$.
2. >g El Ol# 10 MS.$. ]lyl_, AMSPyl ]l$_ lS Ol# 6 MS.$. ]lyl^yl$. AMSPyl ]l$_
l*$Ol# 3 MS.$. ]lyl^yl$. Cyll]l$ { ]l$_ H Z Gll*Z
Eyl$?
Page no #281
6 MS.$.
10
MS.$.
3 MS.$.
C
4 MS.$.
O r >
>g A ]l$_ BMS, B ]l$_ CMS, C ]l$_ DMS $$l>yl$.
Cyl$ A ]l$_ DMS$ , l* MS]l$MP. A ]l$_ D D>]l Z E.
AC = AB BC = 10 6 = 4 km
CD = 3 km
{$f ACD Al M {$f. Cl$Z yl$ $g Ml$ l MS~ Ml

l$$M]l^l$a.
MS~2 = $f2 + $f2
(AD)2 = (AC)2 + (CD)2
= 42 + 32
= 16 + 9 = 25
(AD)2 = 25
AD = 5 km
>g { ]l$_ D>]l Z 5 MS.$. l*Z Eyl$.
Page 9'
no #282
3. JMS G$MS l*$Ol# 20' l, MS$ylOl# W 10' ]lyl_. ]l$ MS$ylOl# W
]lyl_
Gyl]l$Ol# W 5' ]lyl_. ]l$ Gyl]l$Ol# 12' ]lyl_ _]lV> 6' ]lyl_. _]lV>
G$MS H Z {* _?
20'
Q
10'
9'
6'
5'
T
12'
O r BV> G$MS P ]l$_ V ]lMS$ {*_]l $ l$$.

_]lV> G$MS El Z {*_.
4. JMS ]lMS l*$Ol# 90 $. ]lyl_, MS$ylOl# 20 $. ]lyl^yl$. ]l$ MS$ylOl# 30 $. ]lyl_,
_]lV> El Ol# 100 $. ]lyl^yl$. A$$l { ]l$_ Cyll]l$ Gll*Z
Eyl$?
T
80m
P
60m
S
30m
20m
R
Page no #283
B ]lMS P ]l$_ T ]lMS$ {*_]l l ]l$ MS rZ ^l]l^l$a.
PQ = 90m
SR = UQ = 30 m
PU = PQ UQ = 90 30 = 60 m
ST = 100 m
QR = US = 20 m
TU = ST US = 100 20 = 80 m
PU = 60 m ; TU = 80 m
PTU Al M {$fZ yl$ $g Ml$ l MS~ Ml l$$M]l^l$a.
MS~2 = $f2 + $f2

(PT)2 = (PU)2 + (TU)2
= 602 + 802
= 3600 + 6400
(PT)2 = 10000, PT = 100 m
Al]l$ { ]l$_ 100 $. l*Z Eyl$.
5. ]l$ El Ol# 20 $. ]lyl_, MS$ylOl# W ]l$ 30 $. ]lyl_. ]l$ MS$ylOl# W

35 $. ]lyl_, Gyl]l$Ol # W ]l$ 15 $. ]lyl_. _]lV> Gyl]l$Ol # W 15 $.
]lyl_. A$$l Bl$ { ]l$_ H Z Gll*Z E?
B
30m
20m
G
15m
D
15m
O rZ A ]l$_ F ]lMS$ ]l$ {*_]l l*> ]l$ VS]l$^l ]l^l$a.Page no #284

CD = AB + EF A$$. M>st A QO F l$]l# Er$.
]l$]lMS$ M>]l l*
AF = AG + GF
BC = AG = 30 cm
DE = GF = 15 m
AG = 30 m, GF = 15 m.
AF = 30 + 15 = 45 m.
]l$ l]l { MS l*$ Z 45 $. l*Z E.
6. l]l Cs ]l$_ 15 MS.$. El Ol# {*_, yl]l$ Ol# 10 MS.$.

{*^yl$. ]l$ lS Ol# W 5 MS.$. {*_ _]lV> l*$Ol# 10 MS.$.
{*^yl$. A$$l Al]l$ l]l Cs ]l$_ H Z Eyl$?
10 km
10 km
E
15 km
5 km
D
A ]l$_ E ]lMS$ {*_]l l*, ]l$ O rZ VS]l$^l]l^l$a.

O r BV> Al]l$ l]l Cs ]l$_ El Z Eyl l$$.
Page no #285
7. JMS VSyl*Z ]l$ 12 VSrMS$ $ ]l$ D>]l ]lZ
Es
1:30PMMS$ VSr ]l$ H ]l$ *_$.
12
1
11
2
10
9
3
8
4
7 6 5
11
10
9
8
7
12
1
2
3
4
D>]l
El
l*$
]l
BVS$
yl]l$
lS
Ol$
O yl$ s BV> ]l$ VS. 12:00MS$ $ ]l$ D>]l Z E]lr$$l

1:30PMMS$ VSr ]l$ l*$]l$ *_$l l$$.
Page no #286
8. JMSl BVS$]l$ l*$V>, ]l ]l$ yl]l$V>, Ol$ lSV> *_ El]l$

l *_$?
El
]l
D>]l
yl]l$
l*$
Ol$
BVS$
lS
i) O]l MS$P$
]l
yl]l$
Ol$
lS
El
D>]l
l*$
BVS$
ii) {Z C_a]l yls BV> MS$P$
r BV> El]l$ ]l *_.
MS$P$& l*>$&3
Page no #287
oMSV> MS$P$ l$$M]lyl r$ JMS O MS$P]l$ VS$^lVS Wl D {MS$

]l*]l$ VS$^lyl ^ $$]l#. -s- ^s.. MS$P]l$ VS$_ VS$_ ]l${VSV>
lls $
GOyl JMS M>WlO O ]l$ ElV>]l*, MS ]l$ lSV>]l$, MS$ylOl#]l$ l*$V>]l$,
Gyl]l$Ol#]l$ yl]l$V>]l$ VS$^. AllV>
El, l*$ ]l$l & D>]l
l*$, lS ]l$l & BVS$
lS, yl]l$ ]l$l & Ol$
yl]l$, El> ]l$l&]l $s.
s MS r > *_^l]l^l$a.
El
]l
D>]l
yl]l$
l*$
Ol$
BVS$
lS
D MS$P]l$ "EDl*BlOl' Al G $ AS> Myl VS$$ BV> ]l

(Clock wise direction)Z $V> MS$P ]l$ VS$$^l$M]l^l$a.
y $
JMS ]lMS Ml l* JMS Z l MS$yl O l # Gyl]l$ O l # ]l$yl $ As H Z lyl $
Al *$ l$$M.
JMS ]lMS l*$Ol# Mll* l MS$yl Ol# As lS Ol#, Gyl]l$Ol# As El Ol#
l]lr$ VS$$^l$M. AllV> yl ]l$ Ol# Ml l* l MS$ylOl# As El Ol#,
Gyl]l$Ol# As lS Ol# ]l$]lr$ VS$$.
El Ol# Mll* l MS$ylOl# As l*$Ol#, Gyl]l$Ol# As yl]l$ Ol#
]l$]lr$ VS$$. AllV> lS Ol# Ml l* l, MS$ylOl# As yl]l$ Ol#, Gyl]l$
Ol# As l*$ Ol# l$yl A.

El
Gyl]l$
MS$yl
yl]l$
l*$
El
El
MS$yl
Gyl]l$
Gyl]l$
MS$yl
lS
lS
MS$yl
yl]l$
Page no #288
Gyl]l$
lS
l*$
O _{l B-V> s VS$^l]l^l$a.
]ly $
MS$PO { C_a]lyl$ JMS ]lMS $ Z Mll* {*^MS, Cyl$ Al ]l$
{ ]l$_ H Z, Gl l* Z Eyl$ Al {$ AylVS]l^l$a. Cs {
]l_a]lyl$ M l>Z OVS l E*W^ Er$.
OVS l
JMS M {$fZ yl$ $g ]l>Y ll MS~# ]l>YMS ]l*]l.
ABCZ
MS~2 = $f2 + $f2
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
O]l P]l ]lyl$ ]lQOl$]l A>O $$ A]lV>]l MS$PO ]l_a]l {]l$

$V> ^lVS$. MS$PO { ]l C_a]l yls BV> ]ll$V> yl*{VS
X$M. yl*{VS V>Y l, #V> {]l$ N ^l]lst.
Page no #289
M E]l$
1. JMS ]lMS El Ol# 6 MS.$. {*_, MS$ylOl# W 8 MS.$. {*^yl$. ]l$
MS$ylOl# W 6 MS.$. {*_, _]lV> Gyl]l$Ol# 12 MS.$. {*^yl$. Al Cyl$
Al]l$ { ]l$_ H Z Gll*Z Eyl$?
8 MS.$.
6 MS.$.
6 MS.$.
12 MS.$. E
]lMS A ]l$_ B, C, D $l$V> E ^l$MS$yl$.

AE l* = AD l* + DE l*
= BC l* + DE l*
(AD l* = BC l*)
= 8 + 12 = 20 MS.$.
Al]l$ l]l { ]l$_ l*$ Z 20 MS.$. l*Z Eyl$.
2. JMS ]lMS l*$Ol# 20 MS.$. {*_, MS$ylOl# 4 MS.$. {*^yl$. ]l$ Gyl]l$Ol#
4 MS.$. {*_, _]lV> El Z 11 MS.$. {*^yl$. Al Cyl$ Al]l$ l]l
{ ]l$_ H Z Gl l*Z Eyl$?
F
11 MS.$.
A
20 MS.$.
4 MS.$.
C 4 MS.$.
Al]l$ {*_]l l*> O r > ^l*^l]l^l$a. A ]l$_ $$l B, C, D,

E $l$V> FMS$ ^l$MS$yl$.
AF2 = AE2 + EF2 ---------(1)

AE = AB + BE = 20 + 4 = 24 MS.$.
(CD = BE)
EF = DF DE = 11 4 = 7 MS.$.
AE, EF]l$ $MS (1)Z >$V>,
AF2 = 242 + 72
AF2 = 576 + 49
AF2 = 625
AF = 625 = 25 MS.$.
]l$]l AF l*, MS]l$MP. r ^l*ylV>l D>]l A ^l]l^l$a. Page no #290

AF]l$, BE]l$ MSyl ]l AEF M {$f Hyl.
Al]l$ l]l { ]l$_ D>]l Z 25 MS.$. l*Z Eyl$.
_sP
HOl JMS Q]l$ 25 VS$^ ]l_a]l yl$.. B Q]l$ 4 W^lyl > l
>rt]l^l$a. (25 VS$^lyl MS 4 W ^lyl ^ $$]l#) C W^lyl ]l Ml
VS ]l$. 0 V>, 1 V>, 2 V>, 3 V> ]l$.
0 ]l VS _]l yl$ $$ >$yl

1 ]l VS _]l 25 >$yl
2 ]l VS _]l 50 >$yl
3 ]l VS _]l 75 >$yl
Al s A]l#l$.
-MS$P-$-&l*>$&4
Page no #291
MS$P$O AylVS {$ ]lMSZ PMS BZ^l MS,

lVSV> ~*$ $MVS MS S^lV> Es.
MS$PO HOl JMS { C_a]lyl$ B {Z VS
{]l*]l$ (Units) MS*y g{VSlV> VS]l$^. JMS {MS$
]l*]l MS]l$MS$Ps 5 ]l_al]l$MS$. B {Z l*
{]l* $ A MS.$.Z Es, ]l*]l 5 MS.$. A]l#l$. M> { MSl C_a]l B l
$ MS lV> E A]l$MS$.
G) 5 $
) 50 $
) 500 $ yl) 5000 $
]l*]l "5' ]l_a. M>st # ^]l$ A$$ ]l*]l "G' ]l$ VS$ $.
{Z s MS.$.Z Câ$. MSl BlZ ]l*]l $.Z Câ$. 5 MS.$.]l$
$.ZMS ]l*$aMS$s 5000$. A]l#l$ M>st ]l*]l "yl' A]l#l$.
]l$M E$ .
1. HM>l yl]l$ Ol# 5 MS.$. {*_, Gyl]l$ Ol# W 10 MS.$. {*^yl$. ]l$
Gyl]l$ Ol# W ]l$ 25 MS.$. {*_, _]lV> El Ol# 31 MS.$. {*^yl$.
Al Al]l$ { ]l$_ Gl l*Z Eyl$?
G) 29 MS.$. ) 290 $.
) 2900 $. yl) 29000 $.
F
31 MS.$.
B 5 MS.$.
10 MS.$.
C
25 MS.$.
HM>l A ]l$_ B, C, D, E $l$V> F ^l$MS$yl$. A ]l$_ F , l*

Page no #292
MS]l$MP.
r BV> Alyl$ D >]lZ E]lr$ l$$.
rZ A ]l$_ E ]l MS$, F ]lMS$ Q]l$ MSl AEF M {$f H yl$l$.
Cl$Z
MS~2 = $f2 + $f2
AF = 841 = 29
AF2 = 202 + 212

AF2 = 400 + 441
AF2 = 841
= 25 & 5 = 20 MS.$.
EF l* = DF l* & ED l*
= 31 & 10 = 21 MS.$.
AE l* = 20 MS.$.
EF l* = 21 MS.$.
AF2 = AE2 + EF2

AE l* = CD l* & AB l*
{Z {]l*$ MS.$.Z E. M>st Al]l$ { ]l$_ 29 MS.$.Z

Eyl ^l]l^l$a. M> BlZ ]l* {]l*$ $.Z E.
29 MS.$. = 29000 $.
]l*]l "yl' A]l#l$.
2. JMS ]lMS *l*l JMS Z 20 $. ]lyl^yl$. Ayl$ l]l yl l]l ]ll$Ol# E.
l>l 10 $. MS$ylOl# ]lyl_, ]l$ MS$ylOl# ]l$ 20 MS.$. ]lyl^yl$. _]lV> MS$ylOl# ]l$
10 MS.$. ]lyl^yl$. Cyl$ Al]l$ l]l { ]l$_ H Z Gl l*Z Eyl$?
G) l*$ 10 MS.$. ) yl]l$ 10 $.
) ]l yl) ^l
C
20 $.
10 $.
B
10 $.
20 $.
A
Page no #293
Alyl$ *l*l $$l>yl$. A s Ayl$ *$yl$ l*$ Z Esyl$.

JMS Z 20 $. l* ]lyl$$]l#yl$ yl Al ]ll$Ol# E. As Alyl$ yl]l$
Z {* {^yl$.
Alyl$ l]l {* A ]l$_ {_ B, C, D $l$V> l _]lMS l]l
l] A]l$ ^l$MS$yl$.
As Alyl$ l]l l] Zl Eyl ^l ]l^l$a. ]l*]l "' A]l#l$.
3. ]l$$ V>Y 3:00 VSr$ A]lyl$ VSr ]l$ l*$ ]l$ ^l*, $ ]l$
H ]l$ *_$?
G) yl]l$ ) lS
) El
yl) l*$
]l*]l ()
El
12
yl]l$ 9
3 l*$
6
lS
O r BV> VSr ]l$ l*$ ]l$ *_ $ ]l$ 12 $l Er$.

As El ]l$ *_$.
4. $l yl]l$ Z 5 $. {*_ MS$ylOl# ]l$ 6 $. {*_. l>l MS$ylOl#
11 $. {*_, _]lV> lS Ol# 14 $. {*_. Al Bl$ l]l {
]l$_ H Z Gl l*Z E?
G) BVS$ 10 $.
) D>]l 10 $.
) ]l 10 $.
yl) O l $ 10 $.
D
5 $ - A
11 $
14$
Page no #294
$l A ]l$_ l]l {* {_ B, C, D, E $l$V> F ^l$MS$.

A ]l$_ FMS$ r BV> BVS$ A l$$.
A ]l$_ E, F]l$ MSl AEF JMS M {$f Hyl$l$.
M {$fZ...
MS~2 = $f2 + $f2
AF2 = AE2 + EF2

AE = CD BA = 11 5 = 6 MS.$.
EF = DF DE = 14 6 = 8 MS.$.
(DE = BC = 6 $.)
AF2 = 62 + 82
AF2 = 36 + 64
AF2 = 100
AF = 10 $.
]l*--]l -"-G-'
D AO VSlZ ]l_a]l {
1. ZMS l]l Cs ]l$_ 15 MS.$. El Z {*_, yl]l$ Ol# W 10 MS.$.
{*^yl$. ]l$ lS Ol# 5 MS.$. {*_ _]lV> l*$Ol# 10 MS.$.
{*^yl$. Al Cyl$ Al]l$ l]l { ]l$_ H Z, Gl l*Z
Eyl$?
G) l*$ 10 MS.$. ) yl]l$ 10 MS.$.
) El 10 MS.$. yl) lS 10 MS.$.

C
Page no #295
5 MS.$
D
E
15MS.$
A
ls _sP
O r BV> ZMS A ]l$_ $$l B, C, D $l$V> E ^l$MS$yl$.

{$l Al]l$ El Z E]lr$ l$$.
AE l* = AB BE
AE l* = 15 5
( BE = CD = 5 MS.$.)
AE l* = 10
ZMS l]l { ]l$_ El Z 10 MS.$. l*Z Eyl$.

]l*]l "' A]l#l$.
HOl JMS Q]l$ 11 VS$^s, ]ll$V> C_a]l QZ JMSr ]lZ E]l AMS]l$
$V> >*. B l>l JMSr ]lZ AMS ll$st _]l AMS ]lMS$ {
MS ]ll$]l AMS]l$ MS*yl lZ >*.
E 1: 8492 11
8492 = 93412
8 4+8 9+4 2+9

8 12
13 11
9 `3
4
1
2
2
MS$P$&l*>$&5
Page no #296
MS$P$ & VSl {$

MS$PO # A s SZ MS JMS { ]l$.
AllV> HG ^lZ$ l h.G. Z
JMS { ]l^la A]lM> E. M>st D AO Cs]lMS$
l s SZ ]l_a]l M {]l$ .
1. MS lS Ol# 10 MS.$. {*_, MS$ylOl# 5 MS.$.
{*^yl$. ]l$ MS$ylOl# 10 MS.$. {*_, _]lV> Gyl]l$Ol# 10 MS.$.
{*^yl$. Al Cyl$ MS l]l { ]l$_ H Z Gl l*Z
Eyl$?
G) yl]l$ 15 $ ) El 150 $
) El 1500 $ yl) yl]l$ 15000 $
10 MS.$.
10 MS.$.
10 MS.$.
5 MS.$.
C
O r > MS {*_]l ]l$, l*> *_^. > MS l]l

{ ]l$_ yl]l$ Z E]lr$ l$$.
Alyl$ {*_]l l*
AE = AD + DE
= 5 + 10 ( AD = BC = 5 MS.$.)
= 15 MS.$.
MS l]l { ]l$_ yl]l$ Z 15 MS.$. l*Z Eyl$. M> C_a]l
$VS$ B]lZ {]l*$ MS.$.Z M>MS$y $rZ E. M>st 15 MS.$.]l$
Page no #297
$rZMS ]l* 15000 $. ]l*]l A]l#l$.
]l*]l: (yl) yl]l$ 15000 $. ]l*]l.
2. l]l$ lS ]lQV> E]l$. MS$ylOl# W 20 $. ]lyl_, ]l$ MS$ylOl# W 10 $. ]lyl^]l$.
l]l$ ]l$ Gyl]l$Ol# W 10 $. ]lyl_, ]l$ MS$ylOl# W ]l$ 20 $. ]lyl^]l$. _]lV>
MS$ylOl# W 60 $. ]lyl^]l$. Al { ]l$_ l]l$ H Z E]l$?
G) El) ]l
) l*$yl) D>]l
O {]l$ _{l*Z *_...
60 $.
20 $.
10 $.
10 $.
20 $.
O r BV> A]l$ { MS D>]l Z El ^l]l^l$a.

]l*]l: (yl) D>]l
3. $l l*$ Ol# 1 MS.$. {*_, lS Ol# W 5 MS.$. {*_. ]l$ l*$
Ol# 2 MS.$. {*_ _]lV> El Z 9 MS.$. {*_. Al Cyl$ Bl$
l]l { ]l$_ Gl l*Z E?
G) 3 MS.$. ) 4 MS.$.
) 5 MS.$. yl) 7 MS.$.
E
4 MS.$.
1 MS.$.
9 MS.$.
5 MS.$.
2 MS.$.
O rZ AE l* MS]l$MP. AB Q]l$ F ]lMS$ ylW AFE Al M

{$f Hyl$l$.
M {$fZ...
Page no #298
AE 2 = AF2 + FE2
O rZ AF = AB + BF
= 1 + 2 = 3 MS.$.
( BF =CD =2 MS.$.)
AllV> FE = DE DF
= 9 & 5 = 4 MS.$.
( DF = BC = 5 MS.$.)
O rZ ]l$]lMS$ M>]l l*
AE = AF 2 + FE 2
AF = 3 MS.$. FE = 4 MS.$.
AE = 32 + 4 2
= 9 + 16
= 25
AE = 5 MS.$.
$l l]l { ]l$_ 5 MS.$. l*Z E.
]l*]l: () 5 MS.$.
4. ]l$ l]l Cs ]l$_ 15 MS.$. El Ol# {*_, yl]l$ Z W 10 MS.$.
{*^yl$. ]l$ lS Ol# W 5 MS.$. {*_, _]lV> l*$ Z 10 MS.$.
{*^yl$. Cyl$ Al]l$ l]l Cs ]l$_ H Z Eyl$?
G) l*$) yl]l$
) Elyl) lS
5 MS.$.
10 MS.$.
15 MS.$.
10 MS.$.
O r BV> ]l$ l]l { MS (CsMS) El Z Eyl ^l]l^l$a.

]l*]l: () El
Page E
no #299$.
5. P, Q, R, S$ M>l$ Byl$l$$. P, R$ JMS sZ, S, Q$ ]l$ sZ
RMS$ MS$ylOl#]l S Eyl$. R yl]l$ ]lQ$Oyl Eyl$. Al Q H ]l$ ^l*$yl$?
G) El
) lS
) l*$
yl) yl]l$
S
yl]l$
R

Q
l*$
P
El
lS
JMS sZ E]l ]lMS$$ Gl$l$$V> Es$. As P Gl$$V> R, Q Gl$$V> S

MS*$a$.
R yl]l$ ]lQ$Oyl Eys l*$ Ol# MS*ast. RMS$ MS$yl O l
#]l S Eyl$. As
S lS Ol# ^l*$yl$. S s l$ Q, S Gl$$V> Ey. As Q El ]l$
^l** Esyl$.
]l*]l: (G) El
6. JMSl BVS$ ]l$ ElV>, D> yl]l$V> *_ yl]l$ ]l$ H
*_^?
G) D>]l ) ]l
) BVS$ yl) Ol$
$ ]l
El
D
>]l
l*$
yl]l$
Ol
$
lS
BVS
Ol$
Page no #300
l*
$
$]l
BVS$
lS
yl
]l$
D>]l
r 2
r (1) fOl$]l MS$P]l$ *_$.

r (2) {Z C_a]l l BV> MS$P]l$ VS$^. {Z C_a]l l
{M> yl]l$ ]l$ BVS$ Z *_^l]l^l$a.
]l*]l: () BVS$
7. MS _{lZ OMS$ l*$ Z 300 MS.$. l*Z P E. OMS$ El Z 400 MS.$.
l*Z Q E. P, QMS$ V>Y ]l$lZ R E. Al R, Q ]l$l l* Gl?
G) 250 MS.$. ) 250 2 MS.$.
) 300 MS.$. yl) 350 MS.$.
40 MS.$.
Q
R
300 MS.$.
POQ Al M {$f. Cl$Z

PQ = OP 2 + OQ 2
= 300 2 + 400 2
= 90000 + 160000
= 250000
PQ = 500 MS.$.
P, QMS$
V>Y ]l$l Z R E.
R, Q ]l$l l* 500
=
= 250 MS.$.
Page no #301
{$^lyl ^l*!
1. JMS ]lMS yl]l$ Z 10 MS.$. {* _, MS$yl Ol# ]l$ 5 MS.$. {* ^yl$. ]l$ MS$yl
Ol# 19 MS.$. {*_ _]lV> lS Z 17 MS.$. {* ^yl$. Cyl$ Al]l$ l]l
{ ]l$_ Gl l*Z Eyl$?
G) 17 MS.$. ) 21 MS.$.
) 25 MS.$. yl) 29 MS.$.
]l*]l : ()
MS$P$&l*>$&6
Page no #302
MS$P$ & ]l*$PMS$ > M>$

Cs]l # A s SZ-]l* MS$PO {$
Ayl$VS$l$$. s-O ]l$]l {$ ^l*s ]lQV>
]lyl$ A>O MS A]lV>]l Ey. A MS$P$, MS$yl
Gyl]l$ Ol# W]lyl$ l$]l , OVS l
MS$P$:
M>WlO MS$P]l$ VS$^lVSV>. MS $$Ol]l *{l ""EDl*BlOl''. As
El, D>]l, l*$, BVS$, lS, Ol$, yl]l$, $]l. D AS>]l$ Cl
]l${MS]l$Z VS$$^l$MS$s l$. MS r > ^l*.
]l
El
l*$
yl]l$
Ol$
N-W
D>]l
BVS$
lS
N
N-E
S-W
S-E
S
MS$yl Gyl]l$Ol# W]lyl$ l$]l :

"JMS ]lMS Ml l* {*_ MS$yl Ol# Gyl]l$Ol# V>yl$' s M>$ ]l$]lMS$
D MS$PO ]l^la {Z MS-. MS$ylOl# Gyl]l$Ol# V>yl$ A]lyl$, $ l
MS]l$MPs AMSPyl ]l$]ll$ E]lr$ F^l$MS$s B ]l$ $V> VS$^l]l^l$a.
CMSPyl ]l$ $Ol$]l *{ ^l*. JMS ]lMS Ml l* {*_]l l>l MS$ylOl#
lyl$ As ]lZ lyl , Gyl]l$Ol# As A]l Z lyl VS$^. MS
r > ^l*.
El
El
yl]l$
Gyl]l$
MS$yl
Page no #303
El
l*$
MS$yl
Gyl]l$
l*$
yl]l$
MS$yl
Gyl]l$
Gyl]l$
MS$yl
lS
lS
lS
JMS stMS > :

{*_]l
MS$ylOl#
Wl
Gyl]l$Ol#
Wl
El
lS
l*$
yl]l$
l*$
yl]l$
lS
El
yl]l$
l*$
El
lS
OVS l:
MS$PO ]l^la {Z M l>Z { ]l$_ l$ H JMS ]lZ
Er$. AMSPyl OVS *{l E*VSyl$l$.
""M {$fZ yl$ $g ]l>Y ll, MS~ ]l>YMS ]l*]l A]l#l$''.
A
4
c
m 7900
B
5 cm
C
3 cm
MS~2 = $f2 + $f2

AC2 = AB2 + BC2= AC =
AB 2 + BC 2
M E$ :
1. JMS ]lMS l*$ Z 5 MS.$. l* {*_ MS$ylO l # W ]l$ 5 MS.$.
{*^yl$. ]l$ Gyl]l$Ol# 10 MS.$. {*_ _]lV> Gyl]l$Ol# ]l$ 5 MS.$.
{*^yl$. Cyl$ B ]lMS l]l { ]l$_ H Z Gl l*Z Eyl$?
B ]lMS {*_]l l*> r > ^l*...
5
A
B
5
C
5
10
r ^l*ylV>l B ]lMS l*$ Z Eyl ^l-^l$a.

M>]l l* AE = AB + BE
= 5 + 10 ( BE = CD = 10 km )
Page no #304
= 15 MS.$.
B ]lMS l]l {
]l$_ l*$ Z 15 MS.$. l*Z Eyl$.
D
6 MS.$.
B
5 MS.$.
MS.
$.
{
MS.
$.
16 MS.$.
2. JMS ]lMS El Z 5 MS.$. {* _, MS$ylOl# ]l$ 6 MS.$. {* ^yl$. ]l$

Gyl]l$Ol# 4 MS.$. {*_, lrl Gyl]l$Ol# W 16 MS.$. {* ^yl$. _]lV>
lS O l # 9 MS.$. { *^yl$. Cyl$ B ]lMS l]l { ]l$_ H Z Gl
l*Z Eyl$.
]l$_ B ]lMS yl]l$ Z Eyl$.

{, A]l$ ]l$l l*
AG = DF DE
.
(
) =10 MS.$
B ]lMS l]l { ]l$_ yl]l$ Z 10 MS.$. l*Z Eyl$.
= 16 6 DE = BC = 6 km
3. l El Ol# 10 MS.$. ]lyl_, AMSPyl ]l$_ lS Z 6 MS.$. ]lyl^yl$. l>l

l*$ Z 3 MS.$. {* ^yl$. Cyl$ -l l]l { ]l$_ H Z,
Gl l*Z Eyl$.
B
6 MS.$.
10 MS.$.
C 3 MS.$. D
l
El Ol# 10 MS.$. {*_, ]l$ lS Ol# 6 MS.$. {*_ C ]lMS$

^l$MS$yl$.
AC = AB BC = 10 6 = 4 MS.$.
CD = 3 MS.$.
Page no #305
M>]l l*
AD = AC 2 + CD 2
= 4 2 + 32 = 16 + 9 = 25
= 5 MS.$.
l l]l { ]l$_ D>]l Z 5 MS.$. l*Z Eyl$.
8 MS.$.
E
A
6 MS.$.
4 MS.$.
8 MS.$.
VSl {$
1. JMS ]lMS 4 MS.$. lS -MS$, l>l 8 MS.$. yl]l$ Ol#, l>l 6 MS.$. El>MS, l>l
8 MS.$. l*$ MS$, l>l 2 MS.$. lS Ol# {* ^l l]l$ { MS Gl
l*Z Esyl$?(g.G.&2004)
1) 8 MS.$. 2) 10 MS.$.
3) 12 MS.$. 4) 28 MS.$.
BlZ O]l ]l*]l C]ll$. MS O]l ]l*]l
B ]lMS { Zl Esyl$.
B ]lMS {*_]l l*> r > ^l*...

B ]lMS rZ ^l*_]l l V> A ]l$_ {*_ ]l$ AMS ^l$MS$yl$. M>st B ]lMS
l]l { Zl Eyl ^l^l$a.
2. Al* El>]lQ$Oyl $ayl$. Al Z l$V> 10 MS.$. ]lyl_, Gyl]l$Ol# W ]l$
10 MS.$. ]lyl_, MS$ylO l # W 5 MS.$. ]lyl_, _]lV> Gyl]l$Ol # W 15 MS.$. ]lyl_
E]l]l]l ^l$MS$syl$. Cyl$ Al*- H MS$PMS$ A]lQV> $a-yl$ ({VS*&I &
2002, MSVS)
D
E
15 MS.$.
5 MS.$.
10 MS.$. B
C
10 MS.$.
A
r BV> Al* yl]l$ MS$ A]lQV> Eyl $V> ^l^l$a.

3. l*$&yl]l$MS$ _]l ]l yl$zO A,B $ 20 MS.$. ]l$l l*Z $a--$.
no #306
A l*$ Ol#, B yl]l$ Ol# ]lyl]lr ll$st JMPMSP$ 5 MS.$. NPage
^l>
$. A
l]lMS$ Gyl]l$Ol# W ]l$ 10 MS.$. ]lyl^yl$. B l]lMS$ MS$ylOl# W Al lVS 10 MS.$.
]lyl ^yl$. l>l Cl* Gyl]l$Ol# W JMS lVS 5 MS.$. ]lyl^$. Cyl$
A,B ]l$l l*l$l?
({VS*&I & 2003, MSVS)
1) 10 MS.$. 2) 5 MS.$.
3) 20 MS.$. 4) 30 MS.$.
]l*]l: 10 MS.$.
5 MS.$.
5 MS.$.
Q
P
10 MS.$.
10 MS.$.
20 MS.$.
5 MS.$.
A
5 MS.$.
B
P, Q ]l$l l* = 10 MS.$.
4. gl El Ol# 70 MS.$. {* W^yl$. l>l MS$ylOl# W 30 MS.$.

{*^yl$. ]l$- MS$ylOl# W 70 MS.$. {*^yl$. Al gl {*
ll$st]l ^r$MS$ Gl l*Z Eyl$? ({VS*&I & 2007)
1) 130 MS.$. 2) 100 MS.$.
3) 30 MS.$. 4) 70 MS.$.
]l*]l: 30 MS.$.
D
30 MS.$.
70 MS.$.
70 MS.$.
30 MS.$.
O r BV>: gl {* ll$ st]l ^r$MS$ E]l l* AD = 30 MS.$.

M>yl$
Page no #307
"M>yl$' A ]l$_ , {VS*& 1, {VS*&2 SZ

lV> {$ ]l$ . {VS*&1 l$l, &5Z
3 4 {$ ]l^la A]lM>]l. VSl _MSZ
"M>yl$'MS$ _]l {l$MS A>$, ]l]l]l$
^la^. Cyl$ {VS*&1 SMS$ EMS^l M ]l$]l$
. "M>yl$'MS$ _]l ]l$]l$ ^lryl$ O]l t >$yl
^ ]lQ.
E:
l >gVS H k A]l$ZMS ]l_a?
]l*]l:
l >gVS A]l$ZMS ]l_a 26& 01&1950]l M>st D l H l* MS]l$MP.
{MS.. 01&01&01 ]l$_ O l ]lMS$ Eyl M>]l]l = 1949 ]ll>$ + 26 k$.
= 1900 ]ll>$ + 49 ]ll>$ + 26 k$ & (I)
1900 ]ll>MS$ $VS$$ k$ = 1
BO 49 ]ll>Z # ]ll>$ = 12
( 49 4 W ]l^la VS = 12)
49 ]ll>MS$ $VS$$ k$ = 49 + 12 = 61
26 kZ $VS$$ k$ = 5
( 26 7 W ]l^la = 5)
Cyl$ (I) Z ll $VS$$ k$
= 1 + 61 + 5
= 67
"67' "7' W ]l^la = 4
ll $VS$$ k$ = 4
"4' Al VS$$ Myl.
1950, f]l]l 26]l VS$$.
As l >gVS A]l$ZMS ]l_a VS$$.
E:
Page no #308
1760, lZ H$ lZ B ]l$ MS]l$MPyl?
]l*]l:
llr 01&06&1760]l H l* MS]l$MS$P .
{MS.. 01&01&01 ]l$_ O l ]lMS$ Eyl M>]l]l = 1700 ]ll>$ + 59 ]ll>$
+ f]l]l ]l$_ l$ ]lMS$ + 1 k & (I)
1700 ]ll>MS$ $VS$$ k$ = 5
BO 59 ]ll>Z # ]ll>$ = 14.
( 59 "4' W ]l^la VS = 14)
59 ]ll>MS$ $VS$$ k$ = 59 + 14 = 73.
All V> f]l]lZ 3, {]lZ 1, ]l*aZ 3, H{Z "2', l$Z "3' $VS$$
k$s.
Cyl$ (I) Z ll $VS$$ k$ = 5 + 73 + 3 + 1 + 3 + 2 + 3 + 1
= 91
"91' "7' W ]l^la = 0.
ll $VS$$ k$ = "0'
"0' Al B Myl.
01&06&1760]l B A]l#l$.
Al l V> 1+7 = 8, 8+7 = 15, 15+7 = 22, 22+7 = 29 lZ MS*y Bl$ A]l#l$.
1760, lZ 1, 8, 15, 22, 29 lZ B ]l
$.
E:
1995 ]ll M>yl$ 2006MS$ MS*y l$l *^lyl?
(HG, l*yl , {VS*&1, &5)
]l*]l:
yl$ ]ll>MS$ JMS M>yl$ ]l^ s llr B yl$ ]ll>$ JMS MSOl$]l
]ll>$ (#/) A Ey. lZ 1995, 2006 yl$ MS*y
]ll>.
Cyl$ yl$ ]ll>Z f]l]l 1 JMS OgllB yl$ ]ll>MS$ JMS M>yl$
]l$.
As 01&01&1995, 01&01&2006 lZ JMS k M>. As O yl$ l ]l$l $VS$$
k Q "$' M>.
Page no #309
O yl$ l ]l$l M> ]l]l =

11 ]ll>$
D 11 ]ll>Z 1996, 2000, 2004 Al ]lyl$ # ]ll>$.
D 11
]ll>Z $VS$$ k$ =
11 + 3
= 14
"14' "7' W ]l^la = "0'
01&01&1995, 01&01&2006 ]l$l $VS$$ k$ $.
01&01&1995, 01&01&2006 l$ JMS A]l#.
1995MS, 2006MS JMS M>yl$ ]l$.
Cyl$ Cr$]ls l*yl { SZ ]l t G >*Z ^l*.
E:
2005, 2011 ]ll>MS$ JMS M>yl$ ]l$l *^lyl?
]l*]l:
2005, 2011 yl$ MS*y ]ll> & (I)
01&01&2005, 01&01&2011 ]l$l Eyl M>]l]l = 6 ]ll>$.
D 6 H Z 2008 # ]ll.
D6
]ll>Z $VS$$ k$
=6+1=7
"7' "7' W ]l^la = 0
01&01&2005, 01&01&2011 ]l$l Eyl $VS$$ k
Q = 0.
As 01&01&2005]l, 01&01&2011]l JMS k A]l#l$ & (II)
(I), (II) ]l$_ 2005MS$, 2011MS$ JMS M>yl$ ]l$l ^l]l^l$a.
E:
D k Al "87' k l>l "87' kMS$ ]ll$ H ]l$]l#l$
MS]l$MPyl?
]l*]l:
"87' kZ $VS$$ $ = 3
( "87' "7' W ]l^la = 3)
Page nol#310
]l$_ "3' k$ ]ll$MS$ ll ]l$VS ]l$. M>st "87' k
>l
]l$VS A]l#l$.
AVS ]l$_ "3' k$ l]lMSP l $l ]l$. M>st "87' k ]ll$
$l A]l#l$.
E:
10&05&2009]l B Al
i) 10&5&2010
ii) 10&5&2008
iii) 10&5&2012
iv) 10&5&2006]l H$ k$ A]l#* MS]l$MPyl?
]l*]l:
i) 10&5&2009, 10&05&2010 ]l$l Eyl M> ]l]l = JMS ]ll
D M> ]l]l Z $VS$$ k$ = 1
B ]l$_ JMS k ]ll$MS$ l ]l$ ]l$.
10&05&2010]l ]l$.
ii) 10&05&2009, 10&05&2008 ]l$l Eyl M> ]l]l = JMS ]ll
$VS$ k$= 1
B ]l$_ JMS k l]lMSP l ]l$.
10&05&2008]l A]l#l$.
iii) 10&05&2009, 10&05&2012 ]l$l Eyl M> ]l]l = 3 ]ll>$.
D "3' ]ll>Z JMS # ]ll E. (2012, {]l 29)
$VS$$ k$ = 3 + 1 = 4
B ]l$_ 4 k$ ]ll$MS$ l VS$$ ]l$.
10&05&2012]l VS$$ A]l#l$.
iv) 10&05&2009, 10&05&2006 ]l$l Eyl M> ]l]l = 3 ]ll>$.
D "3' ]ll>Z JMS # ]ll E. (2008)
$VS$$ k$ = 3 + 1 = 4
B ]l$_ 4 k$ l]lMSP l "$l' ]l$.
10&05&2006]l "$l' A]l#l$.
VSyl*>$
Page no #311
]l$* lV> *_^l VSyl*>MS$ _]l

{l$MS A>$, M ]l$ O l sSZ {$
]l$. gMS D A MV> MStlOl$]lsMS
Al$Z ]lMS ]l]l]l$ A]lV>]l ^l$MS$s $lV>
Er$.
{]l*MS VSyl*
]l$* MS_alV> *_^l VSyl*> {]l*MS VSyl* As$.
]l$* MZ]lyl
]l$* lyl
HOl JMS VSyl* l]l$V> $VS$l$s B VSyl* ]l$* MZl$ A

As$.
E: {]l*MS VSyl*Z ]l$$ 4 PM A]lyl$, ]l$]l VSyl*Z 3:30 PM
Al 30 $]l$ MZ]lr$ ]lt]lr$ A.
HOl JMS VSyl* lVSV> $VS$l$s B VSyl* ]l$* l$l$ A

As$.
E: {]l*MS VSyl*Z ]l$$ 4 PM A]lyl$, ]l$]l VSyl*Z 4:30 PM
Al 30 $]l$ ]lr$ A.
yl$ ]l$ ]l$ MSMS ]l$l M>

JMS {]l*MS VSyl*Z VSr ]l$, $ ]l$ JMS MS]l l>l ]l$ lrl
MS]lyMS 65 511 $$ yl$ l$l]l * VS$$^l$M.
HOl JMS VSyl*Z yl$ ]l$$ JMS MS]l l>l ]l$ lrl MS]lyMS st
]l$$ P $$ A]l$MS$s...
Case-I :
P > 65 5
11 Al & B VSyl* l]l$V> ]lV> $VS$l$]lr$, B VSyl*
]l$* MZl$]lr$ MSP.

B VSyl* P $Z P 65 5
Page no #312
11 $]l$ MZl$.
Case-II :
P < 65 5
Al & B VSyl* lVSV>

11
$VS$l$]lr$, B VSyl* ]l$*
l$l$l A.
B VSyl* P $Z 65 511 P
$]l$ MZl$.
O ]l*^> A S$~V> ^l A ^l$MS$s Gr$]ls ]l$Ol $ V>
^l]l^l$a.
E$
1. JMS VSyl* El$ 5 VSrMS$ O]l ]l$* *__. A 24 VSrZ 16

$]l$ MZl$. Al $V k >{ B VSyl*Z ]l$$ 10 VSr$
Al O]l ]l$$ Gl?
]l*]l:
lZ VSyl* ]l$* MZl$. As A ]lV> $VS$l$l]l]l*r.
Cr$]ls ]l$]l$ ^s {]l*MS VSyl* {M> M>]l]l,
lZ VSyl* {M> M>]l]l a.
24 VSrZ lZ VSyl* 16 $ MZl$. As D VSyl* {M>
23 VSr 44 $$ = {]l*MS VSyl* {M> 24 VSr$.
23 VSr 44 $$
= 23 44 60 VSr$ = 231115 VSr$
= 356/15 VSr$
As
356/15 VSrMS$ 24 VSr$ (1)
lls k El$ 5 VSr ]l$_ $V k >{ 10 VSr ]lMS$ M>]l]l = 24
+ 24 + 24 + 17 = 89 VSr$
Cyl$ lZ VSyl* {M> 89 VSr M>]l]l {]l*MS VSyl* {M>
Gl M>]l]lMS ]l*]ll* MS]l$MP.
As
89 VSrMS$ G VSr$ (2)
(1), (2) ]l$_ O]l M>]l]l

=
Page no #313
24
89
356 / 15
= 24
15
89 = 90
356
VSr$
lZ VSyl* 90 & 89 = 1 VSr ]l$* MZl$]lr$ MSP.
O ]l ]l$$ = >{ 11 VSr$.
VS]l$MS: ]l$Z ]lMS ]l]l AlMS A M>l El t]l$ #V>

Câ. gMS Cl #V> >$]l]l l$.
2. JMS VSyl*Z yl$ ]l$ ]l$ MSMS ]l$l M> 65 $$ Al B VSyl*
JMS kZ Gl ]l$* lV> *_$?
]l*]l:
lZ P = 65 $$
M>st lZ VSyl* lVSV> $VS$l$]lr$, A ]l$*
P < 65 5
11
l$l$]lr$.
65
65
65 $Z
11
$]l$ l$l$.
65 $MS$ 5/11 $$ (1)
24 VSr$ = 24 60 $$
= 1440 $$
1440 $MS$ G $$ (2)
(1), (2) ]l$_ D VSyl* JMSP kZ l ]l$$
5 / 11
=
1440 $$
65
$$
5 1440
11 65
1440
10
= 10
143
143
$$
As D VSyl* JMSPkZ 10 10
$$ GMS$P]l ^l*$.
3. lVSV> $VS$l$]l JMS VSyl* ]l$ ]l$ 12 VSrMS$ yl$ $$ lMS$P]l
^l*. B l>l ]l$ ]l$ 2 VSrMS$ 4 $ 48 MS]l$ GMS$P]l
143
^l*_. Al B VSyl* Gyl$ O]l ]l$* *__?
Page no #314
(R.R.B.-2001)
]l*]l:
]l$ ]l$ 12 VSr ]l$_ l>l ]l$ ]l$ 2 VSr ]lMS$
M>]l]l
= 7 k$ + 2 VSr$
= 7 24 + 2 VSr$
= 170 VSr$
D 170 VSrZ VSyl* ]l ]l$$ = 2 $ + 4 48 MS]l$
= 2+
24 34
=
5
5
48
4
=2 +4
60
5
=2+4
$$
170
170
2=
2 5 = 50
34 / 5
34
VSr$
{Z B VSyl* yl$ $$ l]l$MSyl E M>st yl$ $$

l O]l ]l$* *_$.
34/5 $ lyMS 170 VSr$ M> ]l "2' $$
lyMS M>]l M>]l]l
]l$ ]l$ 12 VSr ]l$_ "50' VSr M>]l]l As $l ]l$

"2' VSr$ A]l#l$.
$l ]l$ "2' VSrMS$ B VSyl* O]l ]l$* *_$.
M>yl & VSyl*>$
Page no #315
M>yl, VSyl*>MS$ _]l E$ .
E 1 :
Al, ]l]l, l Al ]lVS$Y$ ]l$$ JMS OZ
{*$$. AlMS$ ]l ]l*a lZ MSMS
l]lr$ VS$$. ]l]lMS$ $ MSMSMS l]l k
y A VS$$. l #st]lk ]l]l 1]l l. B ]llZ l $l
M]lrl $ MSMSMS l]l l MS]l$MPyl?
]l*]l:
l {M> Al, ]l]l, l$ MSMS l ]l*a lZ y .
B ]llZ ]l]l 1]l $l.
llr ]l*a 1]l H A]l#l$ MS]l$MS$P.
]l*a 1 ]l$_ ]l]l 1 ]lMS$ VS M>]l]l
= ]l*a + H{ + l$ + l + kO + BVS $t + t + AMt l$
O M>]l]lZ $VS$$ k Q
=3+2+3+2+3+3+2+3
= 21
21 7 W ]l^la = 0
]l*a 1, ]l]l 1 ]l$l Eyl $VS$$ k
Q = 0
As ]l*a 1]l MS*y $ll$ A]l#l$. ]l*a 4]l lls A]l#l$.
4 + 7 = 11]l y A]l#l$.
Al, ]l]l, l$ MSMSMS l ]l*a lZ 11]l l.

VS]l$MS:
O E ]l$_ ]l$]l MS * VS]l$^^l$a.
HOl JMS ]llZ ]l*a lZ JMS l, Al ]ll ]l]l lZ Al l
#316
yl* JMSk A]l#. Gl$MSs ]l*a 1 ]l$_ ]l]l 1MS ]l$l VS $VPage
S$$nok
Q $ M>st.
E 2:
2003 M>yl W lrl H ]ll Z #]l>]ll]l$]l#l$?
]l*]l:
yl$ ]ll>MS* JMS M>yl ]l ^s
(i)
B yl$ ]ll>* JMS MSOl$]l M>.
(ii) B yl$
]ll>Z f]l]l 1 JMS k M>.
]ll, # ]ll>Z $VS$$ k Q ]l$V> 1, 2 A l$$.
Cyl$ 2003 ]ll ]l$_ $VS$$ k]l$ ]l$V> >.....
]ll $VS$$ $
2003
1
2004
2
2005
1
2006
1
2007
1
2008
2
2009
1
2010
1
2011
1
2012
2
2013
1
ll $VS$$ $ = 14
14 7 W ]l^la = 0. As ll $VS$$ k$ = 0.
2013 MSs ]ll$, H ]ll ]lMS$ MS*y ll $VS$$ k Q $ M>l$.
2003, f]l]l 1, 2014 f]l]l 1 l ]l$l Eyl $VS$$ Q = 0.
As D yl$ l$ JMS k A]l#.
AVS 2003, 2014 yl* MS*y ]ll>.
2003 M>yl W lrl 2014Z #]l>]ll]l$]l#l$.
Cyl$ Cr$]ls MSP]l$ SZ C, t G >*Z ^l*.
Page no #317
E 2:
2005 M>yl W lrl H ]llZ #]l>]ll]l$]l#l$.
]l*]l:
]ll, # ]ll>Z $VS$$ k Q ]l$V> 1, 2 A ]l$]lMS$
l$$.
Cyl$ 2005 ]l$_ ]l$V> $VS$$ k]l$ >....
]ll $VS$$ k$
2005
1
2006
1
2007
1
2008 2(# ]ll)
2009
1
2010
1
ll $VS$$ k$ = 7
=0
( 7]l$ 7 W ]l^la = 0)
2010 MSs ]ll$ H ]ll ]lMS$ MS*y $VS$$ k Q $ M>l$.
2005, f]l]l 1; 2011, f]l]l 1 l ]l$l Eyl $VS$$ k
Q $ A]l#l$.
As 01&01&2005, 01&01&2011 l$ JMS k ]l$. 2005, 2011 yl* MS*y
]ll>.
2005 M>yl W lrl 2011Z #]l>]ll]l$]l#l$.

E 3:
HOl JMS # _]l k H$ >$ M>]lyMS A]lM> E MS]l$MPyl?
]l*]l:
HOl JMS # _]l k As
31&12&100, 31&12&200, 31&12&300 &&& llO]l l$ A]l]l*r.
01&01&01 ]l$_ 31&12&100 ]lMS$ Eyl M>]l]l = 100 ]ll>$.
D 100 ]ll>Z 24 #, 76 ]ll>$ Es.

D 100
]ll>MS$ $VS$$ $ =
Page no #318
24 2 + 76 1 = 124 = 5
( 124 "7' W ]l^la = 5)

AVS 200 ]ll>$ =
100 ]ll>$ + 100 ]ll>$
$VS$$ k$ = 5 + 5
= 10
=3
300 ]ll>MS$ $VS$$ k$ =
5+5+5
= 15
=1
400 ]ll>MS$ $VS$$ k$ =
5+5+5+5+1
( 400 ]ll # ]ll M>st JMS $VS$$ ]l GMS$P]l ]l$)
= 21
=0
400 ]ll>MS$ $VS$$ k$ $ M>st 500, 600, 700, 800 ]ll>MS$ MS*y
$VS$$ k$ ]l$V> 5, 3, 1, 0 A]l#. l>l MS*y Cl $VS$$ k$
#]l>]ll]l$]l#.
M>st HOl JMS # _]l k sMS l ]l$$ $VS$$ k$ = "5' "3'
"1' "0'.
5, 3, 1, 0 Al ${MS, $l , ]l$, B> Myl$.
HOl JMS
# _]l k B ]l$ $l ${MS>$ M>]lyMS
]l*{ll$ A]lM> E.
VS]l$MS:
Cl l V> HOl JMS # k ]l$ ]l$VS VS$$ >$
]l*{ll$ M>]lyMS A]lM> E. MS*y O lV>l *^l]l^l$a. # k
As 01&01&01, 01&01&101, 01&01&201, 01&01&301 ...... llO]l l$ A]l]l*r.
Page no #319
E 4:
JMS {]l*MS VSyl*Z 2, 3 VSr ]l$l H$ ]l$*Z yl$ ]l$ ]l$l 45
M Er$.
]l*]l:
2 VSryl$ VSyl*
60 45 = 15
11
2 15 30
=
11
11
=2
Cl$MS$ st ]l$$,
2 $$
T=
JMS VSr VS = 30
yl$ VSryl$ yl$ ]l$ ]l$l M = 2 30 = 60
2, 3 VSr ]l$l yl$ ]l$ ]l$l yl$ l>Z 45 M Er$.
1]l l:
$ ]l$ VSr ]l$l] $ rMS ]ll$ :& yl$ ]l$ ]l$l 45 M Eys
VSr ]l$ MSs $ ]l$ GMS$P]l ^l*]l M () =
8
11
$$
2 VSr
8
11
$yl$ yl$
]l$ ]l$l 45 M Er$.
2]l l:
$ ]l$ VSr ]l$]l$ s]l l>l :& yl$ ]l$ ]l$l 45 M Eys
VSr ]l$ MSs $ ]l$ GMS$P]l ^l*]l M = 60 + 45
= 105
Cl$MS$ st ]l$$ =
2 105 210
=
11
11
= 19
1
11
Page no #320
$$
19
1
11
$yl$ yl$
]l$ ]l$l 45 M Er$.
2 VSr
sV Agl$s
Page no #321
HG ^l {VS*&I, l$l GV>jl$Z

&VZ sVS H>r$ Al A E. D AO
]lyl$ ]l$_ Il$ ]l*$P {$ ]l^la A]lM> E. Al
lV> {VS*&I {$]l, {VS*&II -S-Z MS*y D A
]l$_ {$ ]l^la -B-P- E.
sVSMS$ _]l {]l$ ^l yMS Gs VSl gq]l A]l l$.
]l$]lMS$yl A]lV>]ll ^l ]l^l$a. Al D {]l$ ^lryl$ O]l
t$ >$yMS {]l$ Er$.
sVS H>--r]l$ {]lV> yl$ $V> h^l]l^l$a.
1. ]l$Z MS*a]lyl (Linear)
2. ]lM>Z MS*a]lyl (Circular)
1. Ml]l$ ]lMS$$ JMS ]l$Z MS*$as V> l* El Ol#]lMS$

]lQ ^l MS*$a . EMS$ A, B, C, D, E, F Al B$VS$$ ]lMS$$
JMS _ $l MS lV> MS*$a A]l$M.
C, D, A, F, B, E
Cyl$ sVS H>rMS$ _]l lg VS]l$. l* El Ol#

^l*$ $. M>st MS$yl _]l MS*$a]l ]lMS 'E' A]l#yl$. AVS Gyl]l$ _]l
MS*$a]l ]lMS 'C' A]l#yl$. $VS$$ As MSP]l MS*$a]l$...
'A'MS MS$yl MSP]l MS*$a]lyl$ 'F' A]l# yl$. AVS 'A'MS MS$ylOl#]l MS*$a]l$.. As
'F', 'B', 'E'$ A]l#$. Al lV> "Gyl]l$ MSP]l', "Gyl]l$ Ol#]l' Al ]l$l ly]l$
VS]l$^.
Ml]l$ ]lMS$$ JMS ]lM> ^l$r*t MS*$a$.. As V> $ ]ll
MS{MS A]lQV> MS*$a . EMS$ A, B, C, D, E, F Al
B$VS$$ ]lMS$$ JMS ]lM> ^l$r*t MS lV> MS*$a]l$M.
Page no #322
E
D
F
C
CMSPyl "MS$yl Ol#]l', "MS$yl MSP]l' Al $ JMS AZ yl$. As 'A'MS$ MS$ylOl#

MS$yl MSP]l Eyl ]lMS 'E' A]l#yl$. 'A'MS$ MS$yl O l # ]ly l] Z E]l ]lMS. . As 'B'
A]l#yl$. AVS 'A'MS$S Gyl]l$ O l # y l] Z E]l ]lMS 'C' A]l#yl$.
Cyl$ sVS H>rMS$ _]l M ]l$]l$ P_ ^l*.
E:
JMS ]l$Z B$VS$$ ]lMS$Z 'D', 'C'$ 'E' $ $VS$$. 'B' 'A'MS$ ]l*{ll$
$VS$ yl$. 'A' 'F' ]l$_ ZYyl$. Al yl$ _]lZ G]l$$?
(H--G--, {VS*&I, l*yl &2007)
]l*]l:
l {M> 'A' 'F' ]l$_ ZYyl$ M>st l* MS*$al ]l$ D MS lV>
Er$.
F, , , , A A, , , , F.
'B' 'A'MS$ ]l*{ll$ $VS$yl$ As 'B' H JMS _]l 'A' MSP]l MS*$asyl$. As $
MS*$al ]l$
F, , , , A, B B, A, , , , F A]l#l$. ]l$lZ ]lyl$ RZ C, D,
E$ MS*a. M>st $ H lV> MS*$a yl$ _]lZ E]l$ 'F', 'B'$
A]l#$.
VS]l$MS:
AylW]l {MS$ ]l*]l >rtyMS lZ 'D', 'C'$ 'E' $VS$$ Al A
l$. D A $ B$VS$$ ]lMS$$ G M>$V> MS*a]l-â MS]l$MP]l^l$a. C,
D, E$ MS lV> MS*a]l^l$a.
C, E, D D, E, C
B$VS$$ ]lMS$$ D lV> MS*a]l^l$a.
F, C, E, D, A, B
F, D, E, C, A, B
B, A, C, E, D, F
B, A, D, E, C, F
Page no #323
M>st O $VS$ Z H l V> MS*$a yl$ _]l Z F, B$ Es$.

E:
A, B, C, D, E Al Il$ ]l$ $$ JMS _O MS*$a$. 'A' Al $yl$ 'C'MS
Gyl]l$Ol# MS*$ayl$. 'D'MS MS$yl MSP]l 'B' MS*$ayl$. 'C', 'D' ]l$l Cl$ $$
MS*$a$. 'E' Al $yl$ MS$yl _]l]l MS*$ayl$. Al ]l$lZ MS*$a]ll]l$?
]l*]l:
l ]l$_ 'D', 'B'$ MS*$a]l ]l$ D, B A]l#l$.
'C', 'D' ]l$l Cl$ $$$. M>st C, , , D, B D, B, , C Al ]l$Z
l]l$]l#.
'E' MS$yl _]l Ey M>st O sZ lls ]l$ l M>l$. M>st $ MS*al
]l$ D, B, , C, E A]l#l$. $W]l JMSP ]lZ 'A' MS*$asyl$.
]l$ D, B, A, C, E A]l#l$.
As ]l$lZ MS*al 'A' Al $yl$.
E:
K, L, M, N, O, P Al B$VS$$ ]lMS$$ JMS ]lM> ^l$r*t MS*$a$.
1. 'K', 'L' Gl$l$$V> MS*$a$
2. 'K'MS$ Gyl]l$ O l # 'M' MS*$ayl$
3. 'O', 'N'$ Gl$l$$V> E$
4. 'N'MS$ MS$ylMSP]l 'P' MS*$ayl$
Al 'L'MS$ Gyl]l$Ol#]l MS*$a]ll]l$?
]l*]l:
lZ 1, 2 ]l$_ K, L, M$ MS*$a]l ]l$&
K
M
Page no #324
lZ 3 ]l$_ 'O', 'N'$ D lV> MS*a]l^l$a.

K
O
N
L
K
N
O
L
M> lZ 4 ]l$_ 'N'MS$ MS$yl MSP]l 'P' MS*a M>st $ MS*al ]l$ D
lV> Er$.
K
N
O
L
'L'MS$ Gyl]l$ O l
# 'P' MS*$asyl$.
E:
MS, , f, MS Al ]l$VS$$ Oll$ $; ]l, ]l>, ]lMS$l, ]l$]l$l Al ]l$www.sakshieducation.com
no #325
VS$-$ Cf---$ JMS ^l$r*t MS*$a $. H Cl$ Oll$* JMS MSP]l JMS$ Page
MS*a
l$.
MS, MSMS$ yl$ $ MS$ylOl#, ]l$]l$lMS$ MSPV> MS*a. ]l$]l$l ]lMS yl$
$ MS$ylOl# E. ]l-- MSMS$ MSP]l Eyl$. ]l> ]lyl$ $ MS$ Gyl]l$
Ol# Es, ]l> H Cl ]l$l MS*ayl$?
]l*]l:
H Cl$ Oll$$ JMS MSP]l JMS$ MS*al$ As yMSt$, Cf$ JMS l>l JMS$
MS*a. l ]l$_ MS, MS$ D lV> MS*$as$.
MS
MS
l ]l$_ ]l$]l$l, ]l$ MS yl$ Z GOVS MS*a^l$a.

MS
]l$]l$l
]l
MS
MS
]l
MS
ii
]l$]l$l
#326
]l> ]lyl$ $ MS$ Gyl]l$V> Eys O yl$ H>rZ (ii)Page
]l noH>r$
l M>l$. MS]l (i)]l H>r$ ]l*{ll$ l]l$]l#l$. M>st $ MS*$al ]l$ D
MS lV> Er$.
MS
]l$]l$l
]l
MS
]l>
]lMS$l
f
MS, f ]l$l ]l> MS*$ayl$.
VS]l$MS:
D { {VS*&I, 2008Z AylV>$. M> SZ ]l$]l$l ]lMS yl$ $ Gyl]l$Ol#]l
E A Câ$. B lV> $MS$s l Al A]l#l$. M>st ]l$]l$l ]l
MS yl$ $ MS$yl Ol#]l E A {Z ]l*$ ^l$MS$.
E:
J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R Al $ ]l$ ]lMS$$ JMS _ $l MS*$a {MSMSs
]l*^l ^l*$$. 'L' Al ]lMS 'M'MS$ MS$yl MSP]l, 'N'MS$ MS$ylOl#]l ]ly ]lZ MS*$a
yl$. 'K' Al ]lMS JMS _]l MS*$ayl$. 'O', 'P' ]l$l 'Q' MS*$ayl$. 'K'MS$ Gyl]l$
O l # ]ly l] Z 'O' MS*$ayl$. 'O'MS MS$yl MSP]l 'J' MS*$ayl$. Al ]l$lZ
MS*$a]ll]l$? C-M _]l MS*$a]ll]l$?
]l*]l:
l ]l$_ L, M, N$ MS*$a]l ]l$ N, , M, L. A]l#l$ (1)
AVS 'O', 'J', 'K'$ MS*$al ]l$ D lV> Er$.
J, O, , , K.
'O', 'P' ]l$l 'Q' MS*$asyl$ M>st $ MS*$al ]l$
J, O, Q, P, K A]l#l$ (2)
(1) & (2) ]l$_ $W]l JMSP R l] Z 'R' ]l$ MS*ayll ll $ ]l$
MS*al ]l$ MS lV> Er$.

N, R, M, L, J, O, Q, P, K.
]l$lZ MS*$a]l 'J', CMMS _]l MS*$a]l 'N'.
sV Agl$s&2
Page no #327
VSl _MSZ sVS H>r VS$_ ]lMS A>$ ^la_,
M E$ MS*y ^l*>. D _MSZ sVS

H>rMS$ _]l ]l$M ]l$]l$ .
E: A, B, C, D Al ]l$VS$$ $$ E, F, G, H
Al ]l$VS$$ MS$ JMS ]lM> ^l$r*t MS*$a$. Al H Cl$ MS*
MSPMSP]l MS*al$. 'A'Al $yl$ 'E' Al MSMS$ MS$yl Ol#]l, 'D' Al $ylMS Gl$$V>
MS*$ayl$. 'F' Al MS 'B' Al $ylMS Gyl]l$Ol# MS*$a. 'G' Al MS 'C' Al
$ylMS Gyl]l$ Ol# MS*$a M> 'D' Al $yl MSP]l MS*al$. Al D MS {MS$
]l*$ >$yl.
1. 'B' Al $yl$ G]l ]l$l MS*$ayl$?
G) F, G ) E, F ) H, F yl)G, D
2. 'H'Al MSMS$ MS$ylOl# G]l$ MS*$a$?
) B yl) MS]l$MP.
G) D ) C
3. 'A', 'B' ]l$l MS*$a]ll]l$?
G) E ) F ) G yl) H
4. Gl$l$$V> MS*$a]l$ l]l$ l]l$ ]l$ ]l*$aMS$s 'C', 'D' ]l$l
G]l$ MS*$as$?
G) E ) F ) G yl) H
5. 'G' MS Gl$$V> MS*$a]l ]lMS, 'A' l]l$ ]l$ ]l*$aMS$s 'F' MS MS$ylOl#
G]l$ MS*$as$?
) A yl) H M>l$.
G) E ) B
]l*]l: l ]l$_ A, D, E $ MS*$al ]l$ MS lV> Er$.
A
E
D
Page no #328
CMSPyl A, D $ $$, E MS.
l {M> 'G' Al MS 'D' MSP]l MS*al$. H Cl$ MS* MSPMSP]l
MS*al$. M>st 'G' Al MS 'A' MS MS$yl MSP]l MS*a. Cyl$ 'G', 'C' $ MS*$al
]l$ D lV> Er$.
A
G
'B' Al $yl$ 'E' MS Gyl]l$

MSP MS*a . l {M> 'B'MS Gyl]l$ MSP]l 'F' Al
MS MS*$a. $W]l JMS ]lZ 'H' Al MS MS*a--. M>st Al* MS*$a l
]l$ D MS lV> Er$.

A
G
F
D
AylW]l {MS$ ]l*$ VS$^l-yl $

1. O r ]l$_ 'B' Al $yl$ 'E', 'F' ]l$l MS*$ayl$.
]l*]l: b.
2. 'H'MS MS$ylOl#]l MS*$a]l 'D'
]l*]l: a
3. 'A' 'B' ]l$l MS*$a]l 'E'.
]l*]l: a
4. Gl$l$$V> MS*$a]l $ l]l$ ]l$ ]l*$aMS$s $ MS*al ]l$ C
Er$.
Page no #329
D
F
'C' 'D' ]l$l]l MS*$a]l 'H'Al MS.

]l*]l: D.
VS]l$MS: JMS l Gl$l$$V> MS*$a]l $$ l]l$ ]l$ ]l*$a MS$s C,

D ]l$l G]l$ MS*$as$ As ]l*]l 'E' A]l#l$.
5) 'G'MS Gl$$V> Eyl ]lMS 'F'. Cyl$ 'F', 'A'$ l]l$ ]l$ ]l*$aMS$ s
'F'MS MS$ylOl# 'G'Al MS Er$.
]l*]l: d.
E: G$ #M >$ JMS O ]l$MSs A]l$a E. O ]l$_ y, I
#M>$ hMSMS _]l. hMSMS _]l yl$ #M>$ MS${tMS _]l
yl$ #M> ]l$lZ E-. hMS MS _]l JMS #MS VSMS _]l
yl$ #M> ]l$l E. i]l>MS _]l #MS $l MS${tMS _]l
#MS E. Al O ]l$_ Y]l #MS H jMS$tMS$ _. (M.B.A. 2006)
]l*]l: hMS, MS${t, VSl, i]l >{MS$ _]l #M>]l$ ]l$V> 'P', 'C',
'M', 'B' Al AS> *_. Cyl$ C_a]l l> . l {M>
hMS #M>$ 3, MS${t #M>$ 2, VSl #M>$ 2, i]l>MS _]l #MS 1
E.
l ]l$_ hMS, MS${t #M> A]l$MS D lV> Er$.
1.
4. C
7. C
2. P 3.
5. P 6. P
8.
l {M> VSl, i]l>MS$ _]l #M> A]l$MS D lV> Er$.

1. M
4. C
2. P 3. M
5. P 6. P
7. C
8. B
Page no #330
As ll G$ #M> A]l$MS D lV> Er$.

O ]l$_ Y]l #MS MS${tMS _.
E: A, B, C, D Al ]l$VS$$ l lll$ JMS ]l$Z M, N, O, P Al
]l$VS$$ Al$MSl lll$ ]l$ ]l$ Z l lllMS$ Gl$$V> MS*$a $.
'M', 'P' Cl* ]lZ _]l]l MS*al$. 'A'MS Gl$$V> 'P' MS*$ayl$. 'M'Al l ll
'D'MS Gl$$V>, 'O'MS Gyl]l$Ol# MS*$a yl$. 'O'MS Gl$$V> 'B' MS*$ayl$. Al D
G$ ]l$ lll$ H$ lV> MS*a]lyMS A]lM> E MS]l$MPyl.
]l*]l: A, B, C, D$ lS O l #, M, N, O, P$ El Ol# ]lQ ^l (Gl$
l$$V>) MS*$a A]l$MS$. l {M> 'M', 'P'$ ]l$ ]l$lZ MS*$a
s$. 'M'MS Gl$$V> 'D', 'P'MS Gl$$V> 'A' MS*$as$. M>st 'M' 'P' 'A' 'D'$ MS*$al
]l$ MS l V> Er$.
D, A,
A, D
M, P
P, M
l {M> 'O'MS Gyl]l$Ol# 'M' MS*$ayl$. As 'O' MS$yl _]l]l MS*$a syl$.
ClMS Gl$$V> 'B' MS*$asyl$. As 'B' Al ]l$Z Gyl]l$ _]l MS*$asyl$.
$W]l yl$ Z ]l$Z 'N' 'C'$ MS*$as$. M>st G$ ]l$
lll$ MSl C_a]l yl$ $V> MS*a]lyMS A]lM> E.
i) C, D, A, B
N, M, P, O
ii) C, A, D, B
N, P, M, O
VS]l$MS: O yl$ A]l$MS]l$ BV> ^l$MS$ {$ AylVS]l^l$a. EMS$

i) 'N'MS Gl$$V> MS*$a]ll]l$?
]l*]l: C
ii) MS>~]lQV> MS*$a]ll]l$?
]l*]l: 'C' 'O'$ JMS MS~ lyl, 'N' 'B'$ ]l$ MS~ lyl MS*$a$. M>st 'C'
'O'$, 'N' 'B'$ MS>~]lQ V> MS*$a$.
iii) 'B'MS MS$yl MSP]l G]l$ MS*$as$?
]l*]l: O yl$ A]l$MS ]l$_ 'B' MS MS$yl MSP]l 'A' 'D' $ MS*a]lyMS
A]lM> E. As MS_alV> G]l$ MS*$as ^lyl l M>l$. M>st
]l*]l 'A' 'D' AVS 'O' MS Gyl]l$ MSP]l G]l$ MS*$as$ AsPage
]lno*#331
]l
'P' 'M' A]l#l$. CMSPyl MS*y MS_alV> ^l.
E: MS]l$, ]l$, l, A$l, Vl, {ll$, {$ Al Hyl$VS$$ l$$ JMS
]ll O MS*$a$. Vl $]l $VS B$VS$* ]llO ]l*]l l*>Z
MS*$a$. {ll$MS$ MS$ylOl# ]ly ]l Z l MS*$ayl$. A$lMS MS$yl MSP]l
{ll$ MS*$ayl$. ]ll MS{l ]ll MS]l$, Vl$ 90 M ^l$$. AVS MS]l$,
]l$$ MS{l ]ll 120 M ^l$$. ]l$, {$MS$ Gl$$V> VlMS$ Gyl]l$ MSP]l
MS*$ayl$. Al $ MS*$a]l ]l$]l$ MS]l$MPyl? (M.A.T. 1997)
]l*]l: llr $ MS*$a]l ]l$ ]l$ MS]l$MS$P. l {M> {ll$, l,
A$l$ MS*$al ]l$ D lV> Er$.
{ll$
A$l
l {M> ]l$, {$MS$ Gl$$ V>, VlMS$ Gyl]l$ MSP]l MS*$ayl$. M>st $
MS*$al ]l$ D lV> Er$. $W]l JMSP ]lZ MS]l$ MS*$ar$.
{ll$
]l$
A$l
Vl
{$
l
MS]l$
Cyl$ B* ]lMS$$ MS{l ]ll ^l M]l$ MS]l$MP. l {M> Vl

$]l $VS B$VS$$ ]lMS$$ ]l*]l l*Z MS*$a$. M>st D B$VS$Z MSPMSP]l
MS*$a]l$ ]llMS{l ]ll ^l M = 360/6 (]llZ ll M = 360) = 60
#332
MS]l$, Vl$ MS{l ]ll ^l M 90 M>st Vl, l ]l$l; VPage
l, no]l$
]l$l M = 90 & 60 = 30
Cyl$ $ MS*$a]l A]l$MS D lV> Er$.
{ll$
]l$
Vl
l
600 600
300
600
300
600 600
A$l
{$
MS]l$
O A]l$MS BV> {$ AylVS]l^l$a.
sV Agl$s&3
Page no #333
B$VS$$ V>, G$ ]l$ ]lMS$$ V> JMS yl s$

^l$r*t H lV> MS*$a l$$M]lyMS M B>$
C_a, s BV> MS yl$ ]lyl$ {$
AylVS]l^l$a.
Cs {$ ]l_a]lyl$ C_a]l yls]l$ ^l _ JMS r l*. BV>
]l*----$ ^l]l^l$a.
E$
I. G$ ]l$ >fMS$ {]lQ$$ Ol.G. >fQ ylz, ^l{l$ yl$, _i,
MS..B., f${M> >$, l{l$, >$]l#$, lll Vyl$ JMS ]l*lZ yl

s$ ^l$r*t MSl ^l]l lV> MS*$a$.
OlG Gl$$V> ^l{l$ yl$, _i Gl$$V> MS..B. MS*$a$.

OlGMS$ MS$ylOl# l{l$, ^l{l$ yl$MS$ MS$ylOl# lll Vyl MS*$a $.
l{l$, >$]l#$ ]l$lZ _i MS*$a$. Al
1. OlGMS$ Gyl]l$Ol#]l G]l$ MS*$a$?

G) f${M> >$
) l{l$
) ^l{l$ yl$
yl) _i
2. _iMS C$Ol# MS*$a]l G]l$?
G) l{l$, OlG
) l{l$, >$]l#$
Page no #334
) OlG, ^l{l$ yl$

yl) MS..B, l{l$
3. l{l$ Gl$$V> MS*$a]l G]l$?
G) MS..B
) _i
) lll Vyl yl) >$]l#$
G) _i, OlG
yl) >$]l#$, lll Vyl
) OlG, >$]l#$
) MS..B., lll Vyl
4. ^l{l$ G]l]l ]l$lZ MS*$ayl$?
5. MS..B.MS$ MS$ylOl#]l MS*$a]l G]l$?
G) lll Vyl
) f${M> >$
) >$]l#$
yl) _i
Cs {$ ]l_a]lyl$ ]ll$V> r l ]l$Z C_a]l *^l]l A]l$

MS*ast. D *^l]lZ llr HJMS *^l]l]l$ $M, BV>
]l$]lMStOl$]l Z MS*a st. B l>l MS*$a]l BV>, *^l]l]l$ s*
$VS MS*ast.
]ll$V>
OlGMS$ Gl$$V> ^l{l$ yl$ MS*$a$. *^l]l BV>
MS*ast.
Page no #335
OlG
^l{l$ yl$
y
*^l]l&_iMS Gl$$V> MS..B. A Câ$. M> l* OlG,
^l{l$MS$ Gr$Ol# MS*$a l$l$.

]ly
*^l]l& OlGMS$ MS$ylOl# l{l$, ^l{l$MS$ MS$ylOl#]l lll Vyl
MS*$a$.
OlG
l{l$
lll Vyl
^l{l$ yl$
$V
*^l]l&l{l$, >$]l#$ ]l$lZ _i MS*$a$.

OlG
l{l$
_i
>$]l#$
lll Vyl
^l{l$ yl$
y
*^l]l&_iMS Gl$$V> MS..B MS*$ayl$.
Page no #336
OlG
l{l$
MS..B.
_i
>$]l#$
lll Vyl
^l{l$ yl$
G$
]l$ >fMS$ {]lQ$Z JMS ]lMS f${M> $W*$. JMS r$ RV>
E. B sZ Al MS*ast.
OlG
l{l$
_i
f${M>
>$
MS..B.
>$]l#$
lll Vyl
^l{l$ yl$
D lV> G$ ]l$ {]lQ$]l$ Z MS*astMS {]l$ $V>

^l$]l^l$a.
O {MS$ ]l*$
1) G2)
3) 4) yl 5)
II. G$ ]l$ {]lQ$$ _i, MS]l$l, ]l$, V>$j]l, ]l$MS~, {,
]l$]l, *$MS$ JMS yl s$ ^l$r*t MSl ^l]l lV> MS*$a$.

1. Cl$ Byl$ M>, Cl$ ]l$VS$ M> MSP MSP]l MS*al$.
2. _i Gl$$V> ]l$, ]l$MS~ Gl$$V> *$MS MS*$a$.
3. _iMS Gyl]l$Ol#]l ]l$MS~ MS*$a.
Page no #337
4. _i V>$j]lMS$ ]l$lZ ]l$]l MS*$a$. Al

6. G]l]l ]l$lZ _i MS*$a$?
G) ]l$MS~, ]l$]l
) V>$j]l, MS]l$l
) *$MS, {
G) V>$j]l
) *$MS
) { yl) ]l$MS~
7. ]l$]l Gl$$V> G]l$ MS*$a$?
yl) ]l$]l, {
8. MS]l$lMS$ MS$ylOl#]l G]l$ MS*$a$?

) ]l$
) *$MS
yl) ]l$MS~
G) ]l$]l
9. ]l$MS$ C$Ol# MS*$a ]l G]l$?
G) ]l$]l, *$MS
) *$MS, {
) {, ]l$MS~
yl) ]l$MS~, ]l$]l

10.
V>$j]lMS$ MS$ylOl#]l MS*$a]l G]l$?
G) *$MS
) ]l$]l
) ]l$MS~
yl) {
O {]l$ * *^l]l BV> MS*ayl$l* r X*.

Z MS*ayll MSlV> Er$.
]l$]l
Page no #338
_i
]l$MS~
MS]l$l
V>$j]l
*$MS
]l$
O {MS$ ]l*$
6) G 7) 8) yl 9) 10) G
III. A, B, C, D, E, F Al B$VS$$ ${l$$ JMS yl s$ ^l$r*t MSl ^l]l lV>
MS*$a$.
F, B ]l$l Z D MS*$ayl$. DMS Gyl-]l$-Ol-# y ]lZ A, EMS MS$yl l] Z A
E$. Al
1. AMS Gl$$V> E]l G]l$?

G) B ) C
) Eyl) D
2. DMS Gl$$V> E]l G]l$?

G) A ) C
) B
yl) E
]l*$
1) G 2)
ls _sP
HOl JMS Q JMSr ]lZ 5 Es, s ]l>Y$ l$$Ms, ]ll$V> l$
#339
l] Z E]l Q]l$, l>l Q VS$_, B l>l _]lZ 25Page>no*.
E: 352 = 3 (3+1) /25=34 /25 = 1225

452 = 4 5 /25 = 2025
552 = 3025
652 = 4225
752 = 5625
852 = 7225
952 = 9025
stMS&1
Page no #340
stMS (Tabulation)
{VS*&I l$l SZ MSl&IIZ "stMS$' Al {]l

A. stMSMS$ _ l> {l^lyl,
A]l^lyl Al yl$ ]lQ V>$. 2008 {VS*&I
SZ stMS l {l]l ]l$_ 10 ]l*$P$, A]l^lyl ]l$_ 10 ]l*$P {$
]lâ.
l {l]l:
V> MS_]l l MS$, ~*$ $M]lyMS A]l$]l#V> Eyll$. M>st
MS_]l l> JMS tOl$]l *Z {l^lyl A]l. Ayl B l>
_, l$lMS ]l (Comparitive Study) ^l$yMS A]lM> Er$.
l> MS ll$Z {l^^l$a.
u * (Textual Form)
]l$$ (Diagrams)
stMS$ (Tables)
u *:
D lZ MS_]l l> u *Z {l. lZ ]l*^ GMS$P]l
Es D l Al A]l$Ol M>l$. lZ Q ]l, $l]l$$ llO]l
s A ^l$M]lyl l M>l$. M>st V> l {l]lMS$ D l
E*W^l.
]l$$
R *Z E]l l> ^ll$]l$$ $V> A]lV>]l ^l$M, lW]l ~ *$
$Ms C_a]l l> ]l$ *Z {l^lyl A]l$]l#V> Er$. l
{l]l BMS$V> MS*y Er$. ]l*]l ]lMS$$ MS*y l ,
$l]l$]l$ $V> {VS^^l$a.
]l$$ & M>$
HMS ]l* _{$ (One-Dimensional Diagrams)
Page
#341
HMS ]l* _{Z _{$ { ]l O l $]l. _{ MS$ _{$
l$ no_{$
A MS*y As$. l {l]lMS$ GMS$P]lV> D _{ E *W$$. _{Z
]l$ "6' M>$. A
1. R s$ (Line Diagrams)
2. l$ _{l (Simple Bar Diagram)
3. E hl l$ _{l (Sub Divided Bar Diagram) (or) (Component
Bar Diagram)
4. $ l$ _{l (Multiple Bar Diagram)

5. >l # l$ _{l (Percentage Bar Diagram)
6. ^l]l l$ _{l (Deviation Bar Diagram)
O "6' M> l$ _{]l$ B* l> ]l$ st GMS ^l$M.
]l* _{$:
]l* _{Z MS ]lQOl$]l.
& ^ll${$
& ^ll${$
& ]l$
& ]ll R _{$ (Pie-Charts)
]l* _{Z yl]l#, lyl$ ylsMS {]l]lr$. As D _{Z Ol>
VS]lZMS $MS$ l> {l. HMS ]l* _{Z l$ yl ]l#MS$
]l*{ll$ {]l]lr$. lyl$MS$ Eyll$.
{ ]l* _{$
D _{Z yl]l#, lyl$ r$ Gl$]l$ MS*y VS]lZMS $MS$s$. As $]l
]l* (volume) VS]lZMS $M l> {l. sZ ]lQOl$]l.
& $$ & *$ & V$
Mt{V>l$$:
lZ A>MS$ _]l ]l$ ]l$ E*W_ l> {l.
EMS$ lZ l*]l#l$]l ]l* Q]l$ {l^lyMS ]l*]l ]l$]l$
E*W^lyl ]ls. D lZ {l _]l l> S>$$ MS*y A
^l$MVS$VS$$.
M>t{V>l$$
C_a]l l> oVMS { V> {l^lyMS D _{]l$ yl$.
Page
#342
EMS$ { V> ]ll ]l >$, E~{VSl ]l>$ l
lOno
]ls
{l^lyMS M>t{V>l$$ A]l$MS*Ol$]l.

C_a]l l st O "5' M> _{l sZ H JMS G]l$M]l^l$a. Al
_{ls$ l Egj# $]l]l$ ]l*{ll$ ^l*#. GMS$P]l ]l*^>
{l^lyMS C A]l$]l#V> Eyl]l#.
stMS$:
C_a]l l> Ayl$z, $]l# ]l$Z l$lV> A]l$a lW]ll ]l lg
l$^ly stMS A As$. C_a]l ]l*^> H lV> stMSZ
l$^Z JMS _]l E > ^l*.
E:
1981 f MSP {M> JMS > Z f 50 $$]l$. Z #$$$ 26
$$]l$. 1991 sMS > f 5 $$]l$ W. f 1981 s MSs 2
$$]l$ W. 2001 sMS f ]l$ 6 $$]l$ W. #$$ f 1991
al 2.5 $$]l$ W. D l> stMSZ l$ ayl.
]l*]l:
llr lZ >$]l$, sZ E V>]l$ VS$&
M> & ]ll>Z E
f & #$$ f
f
f $$]lZ E.
l {M> 1981Z f = ll f & #$$ f
= 50 & 26
= 24 $$]l$
Cr$]ls $]l*]l$ A]l$_, lZ C]l $]l]l$ VS^. Cyl$
C_a]l ]l*^> stMSZ l$ $.
> fZ $, #$$$
(f $$]lZ)
]ll#$$$$ ll
f
1981 26 24 50
Page no #343
1991 29 26 55
2001 31.5 29.5 61
C_a]l ]l*^> O lV> stMSZ l$^lyl > MS {*f$ E.
1. l> $V> {l^^l$a.
2. l> $$]l#V> A]l^^l$a.
3. l >$ $, s ]l$l ]l$ A ^l$M l$lMS ]l
^l$]l^l$a.
4. stMS ]l$_ B* VSMS# Ml]l$ $$]l#V> ^l$a. lW]l ~*$ $M]l^l$a.
stMSZ ]lQ V>$
stMS l$: (SZ stMS l$]l$ *_^]l A]l l$)
stMS $ (Title):
C_a]l l> st stMSMS$ lW]l $]l$ *_^.
MS$ (Captions):
$]l# ]l$ ]l$ MS$ A As.
t (Stub):
Ayl$z ]l$ ]l$ t$ A As. Gyl]l$ _]l]l E]l A Ayl$zVS]l$ MS t MS
(stub box) A As$.
A>]l$ *_^l VS (Body):
C stMSZ A {]lOl$]l VS. lZ A>]l$, Q]l$ As D VSZ
{l.
]lQ VS]l$MS (Head Note):
stMSZ A> VS$_ {VSV> Zl^l MS ]lQ VS]l$MS. C stMS $ MSl
MS$ylMSZ Er$.
E: (f $$]lZ)
l*_MS (Foot Note):
stMSZ HOl JMS t A> VS$_ {lMSV> ^l ]l_a]lyl$ l *_MS]l$
yl. stMS VS$]l VSZ >. SZ A]l V> >l$.
]l (Source):
lZ ]l*^ H ]l ]l$_ MS^ C l$g$. V> SZ
A]l MS*y >l$.
9. stMS]l$ l*$ ^l]l$:
#344l$
stMS]l$ l*$ ^l]l ]l>]l$ stMS MSl l. Al SZ DPage]nol>]
>$MS*yll$.
]l]l
stMS $
stMS l$
t
MS$
(]lQ VS]l$MS)
Main Body
]l
stMS l*$ ^l]l$
l *_MS
stMS&2
Page no #345
stMS$
stMSZ _]l {l$MS A>]l$ ^la^.

D MSZ B* M> l>]l$ stMSZ
l$^lyl, Cl$MS$ _]l MS
]l*YlM>]l$ l$$MS$.
C_a]l l> stMS^lyMS MS MS ]l*YlM>]l$ ltZ E^l$M.
M$ D ]l*YlM>MS$ ]lV> MS*y stMS$ *_ Ey^l$a.
1. C_a]l lZ >$$, sZ EV>]l$ VS$^.
2. V> M>, {l, Cl ]l$ Ayl$z]l$Z l$^.
3. g$ >$]l$ Ayl$z ]l$Z $]l# ]l$Z JMS lVSY l$$$.
4. EV>$ E]l >$]l$ $]l# ]l$Z A]l$>a.
5. yl$ AlMSs GMS$P]l >$$ E]lyl$ C_a]l l {]l^l ]l$Zl
>$]l* A]l$>a.
6. C_a]l l BV> stMS {]l VSZ VS]l$ N^.
7. VSl $]l*]l$ A]l$_ R VS]l$ N^.
8. stMSMS$ lW]l $]l$ *_^.
9. {]l*$ *_^. A]lOl$l ]lQ VS]l$MS, l*_MS]l$ >*.
10. AylW]l {MS$ ]l*]l >*. SZ stMS ^lryl$ f$ {lZ
sMt S X ]ll$ Frame work or skelleton]l$ Rough paperZ X_
^l*$M]lyl ]l$_.
O ]l*YlM>]l$ H lV> A]l$ ^Z MS E > ^l*.
1. 1991 f MSP {M> JMS > l$$l f 128 $$]l$. Al$Z 74 $$]l$
]lVS$$. ]lVS>Z 25 $$]l$ l* ]l$MS ^l]l #$$$. ]lVSZ ]l^l
34 $$]l ]l$Z MS]l 12 $$]l$ l*$ l$$. l$$l l*$l$$ 41
$$]l$, Z 23 $$]l$ #$ $$. {V>]l*Z ]l$]l l* ]l$ Q 22
$$]l$. D l > stMS^lyl?
(Civil Services Mains, 1993)
Page no #346
l$$lr C_a]l lZ >$]l$ VS$.
]lVS {l
{l
{V>$ {l
l$]l#$
]l$l
l*$l$$
#$$$
{l
{$
]lVS, {V>$ {]l$ Ayl$z]l$Z, ]l$, V> $]l# ]l$Z A]l$$a .
lZ ]ll$ ]l$l B l$l B* ]l$Z ]l$$, #$$ Q Câ$
M>st ]ll$ ]l$l, B l$l V> VS^.
stMS 1 BV> M {]l$
{. {V>$ {lZ ]l^l l*$ l #$$$ Gl ]l$?
f.8 $$]l$.
{. l$$l l*$l Z ]lVS$$ Gl >l E$?
f.stMS ]l$_ l$$l l*$l $ = 18 $$]l$. Cl$Z ]lVS$$ = 12
$$]l$.
l$$l l*$l Z ]lVS$ >l = 12/18 100 = 66.66
]l*]l: 66.66 >l
2. 500 ]l$ $$ JMS S > Al$Z 40 >l MS$. 20 ]l$ MS MS
l$$l 100 ]l$ $$ A*$. O]l Z "10' >l ]l$ {l]l$ {Z, "20'
>l ]l$ l$ {Z *$. $VS$ $ {Z *$. Cl$Z
VS ]l$ $$. H JMSP MS MS*y {l]l$ {Z M>l$. D l> stMS
_, Gl >l $$ {l]l$ {Z * MS]l$MPyl?
f.l$$lr lZ >$$, sZ EV>]l$ VS$.

$$
$$
MS$
$$
Page no #347
{l]l$ $ l$
$$, MS]l$ Ayl$z ]l$Z, MS$ _]l EV>]l$ $]l# ]l$Z
A]l$$a. (stMS 2)
l ]l$_ l$$l MS Q = 500Z 40%
= 500 40/100 = 200
= 400 10/100 = 40
{l]l$ {Z O]l Q = 400Z 10%

l$ {Z O]l Q = 400 Z 20%
= 400 20/100 = 80
D A> BV> stMS&2 ^$.

sMt S ]l$_ l$$l $ Q = 300
{l]l$ {Z O]l $$ = 40
AylW]l >l
= 40/300 100 =13.33
]l*]l 13.33%
3. 2000 ]llZ JMS MStZ l$$l Q 1750. Z 1200 ]l$

$l l$$. ]l$ Q 200 Z 175 ]l$ $l l$$ M>$.
2005Z $l l$ Q 1510MS W Z 1290 ]l$ #$$$.
$l l$$ M> Q 208MS lWY, Z 180 ]l$ ]l$$. D
l> lW]l stMSZ l$^lyl. D Il M>Z $l l$$ A$$]l
]l$Z $VS$l >l Gl?
(Civil Servies Mains, 2007)
f.C_a]l lZ >$$.
2000]l ]ll
M>
2005]l ]ll
Page no #348
E]l$
$lZ l
$
]l$$
VS
#$$$
A]l A]l$MS$s l$$l MS$ _]l $]l# ]l$Z MS*y #$$$,
]l$$, l$$l Al ]lyl$ $]l ]l$ X$]l^l$a.
stMS 3 ]l$_ 2000Z $l l$]l ]l$ Q = 175
2005Z Q = 220
$VS$l >l =
(l$$]l & $]l)
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 100
$]l
= (220 & 175) / 175 100 = 26.72
]l*]l 26.72%
4. 75 ]l*$P$ E]l JMS { {lZ 70]l$ $MS$ ]l_a]l ]l*$P D
lV> E. D l> stMSZ ]l$^lyl."30' GMS$P]l, "40' MSs lMS$P]l
]l*$P$ ]l_a]l $$ "14' ]l$ E$. Z "8' ]l$ #$$$, Cl$Z
]l$VS$$ ]l VS$$. ]l$Z Cl$ ]l VS $$ M>$. "40' GMS$P]l, "50'
MSs lMS$P]l ]l*$P$ ]l_a]l $$ "26' ]l$ E$. Cl$Z "16' ]l$ #$
$$, Z B$VS$$ ]l VS$$ M>$. ]l$Z Il$VS$$ ]l VS$$. "50'
GMS$P]l ]l*$P$ ]l_a]l $$ "30' ]l$ E$. Cl$Z Hyl$VS$$ ]l$$ ]l
VS$$ M>$, #$$$ "14' ]l$, Z "8' ]l$ ]l VS$$.
(APPSC, Group 1, Model
Paper, 2007)
f.l$$lr $MS$ ]l_a]l ]l*$P]l$ 30&40, 40&50, 50&75 Al $]l$$#

lVSl$$V> h^l]l^l$a.
lZ Cl >$$ &
]l VS$$
Page no #349
Byl
]l VS$$ M>$
]l VS$$
VS
]l$VS
]l VS$$ M>$
$ ]l*$P]l$ Ayl$z ]l$Z, $W]l >$]l$ $]l# ]l$Z A]l$a ]l^l$a. (stMS
4)
stMS 1 & JMS > f ]l>$ & 1991 ]l {M>
(f $$]lZ)
l$]l#$
l*$l$$
l$$l
f
{l
#$$$
l$$l #$$$ $
l$$l
]lVS {l
25
22
47
15
12
27
74
{V>$ {l
18
22
40
14
54
l$$l
43
44
87
23
18
41
128
stMS 2 & $ > ]l>$

$$
O]l Q
$$O]l
Q
l$$l
$
{
140
l$
{
40
l$$l
$$
{l]l$
{
40
220
80
300
MS$
00
140
40
180
20
200
l$$l
40
280
80
400
100
500
stMS 3 & JMS MStZ ]l>$

]ll
$l l$$
#$$$ $ l$$l
2000
2005
1025
1290
175
220
$l l$$ M>$
#$$$
l$$l
525
180
25
28
550
208
1200
1510
l$$l
$
1750
1718
stMS 4 & $ ]l*$P$, ]l>$

]l*$P$
#$$$
]l
VS$$
ll
l$$l
]l
]l ll
VS$$ VS$$
M>$
4
2
6
14
30&40
]l
VS$$
M>$
4
40&50
10
16
10
26
50&75
14
16
30
ll
22
16
38
18
14
32
70
Page no #350
stMS&3
stMS$
VSl MSZ C_a]l l>MS stMS]l$ H lV> ^Z

^la^. D MSZ stMSMS$ _ ]l$M
E ]l$ .
E: 2001Z JMS MStZ 18,000 ]l$ M>MS$$
E$. Z 13,000 ]l$ {syl $lZ $$. 12 >l M>MS$$ ]l$$, Z
60 >l ]l$ {syl $lZ $$. 2002]l ]llZ M>MS$ Q 6 >l
W, Z 480 ]l$ ]l$$. {syl $l lZ ]l$$ Q 304
lWY, ll $ Q 10 >l W. D l> stMS^lyl.
(civil services -n 2003)
]l*]l:
llr C_a]l lZ >$$, sZ EV>]l$ VS$.
2001]l ]ll
M>
2002]l ]ll
{syl $l $$
M>MS$$ {syl $lZ $$ M>$
]l$$
VS
#$$$
Cyl$ lZ C]l $]l]l$ MS]l$V.
2001]l ]ll
12
]l$ M>MS$ Q = 18000Z 12 >l
= 18000 100 = 2160
#$ M>MS$ Q =
18000 & 2160 = 15840
{syl $lZ $O]l ]l$ M>MS$ Q = 2160Z 60 >l
2160
60
100
= 1296
{syl $lZ $O]l #$ M>MS$ Q = 13000&1296 = 11704
2002]l ]ll
18000
(100 + 6)
100
Page no #351
ll M>MS$ Q =
= 19080
]l$ M>MS$ Q = 2160 + 480 = 2640
#$ M>MS$ Q = 19080&2640= 16440
(100 + 10)
{syl $lZ ll $$ = 13000 100 = 14,300
{syl $lZ ]l$ $ Q
= 1296 & 304 = 992
{syl $lZ #$ $ Q = 14300 & 992 = 13308
{syl $lZ $$ M>
Q = 19080 & 14300 = 4780
Z ]l$$ = 2640 & 992 = 1648
Z #$$$ = 16440&13308 = 3132
O l> MS lV> stMS^l]l^l$a.
2001 & 2002Z JMS MStZ
M>MS$ ]l>$
M>MS$$
2001 Z {syl $lZ $$
#$$$ $ ll
11704 1296 13000
{syl $lZ $$ M>$
#$$$$ ll
4136 864 5000
ll 15840 2160 18000
2002 Z {syl $lZ $$
#$$$$ ll
13308 992 14300
{syl $lZ $$ M>$
#$$$$ ll
3132 1648 4780
ll 16440 2640 19080
E: 2001]l ]llZ JMS {l f]l$ ]l$$Z BV> MS stMSZ
l$^$.
Page no #352
>l
30
18
17
15
14
5
1
100
]l$$ (Z)
15 ]lMS$
16 & 25
26 & 35
36 & 45
46 & 55
56 & 65
65 O ]l
ll
O stMS BV> MS {MS$ ]l*$ >$yl.

G) H ]l$$ $ AMS QZ E$, H ]l$$ $ A QZ E$.
f$: 15 ]ll Z Eyl$ AMS QZ E$. 65 ]ll> Oyl]l $
A QZ E$.
) 26 & 35 ]l$$ MS$ 46 & 55 ]ll> ]l$$ MS MSs 6 $$]l$
GMS$P]l Al B {l# f Gl?
f$: B {l # f = x A]l$Ms.. l {M> xZ 17 >l & xZ 14 >l
= 6 $$]l$
x Z 3 >l = 6
xZ 3 >l = 6
x
3
=6
100
x = 200 $$]l$.
) ll 4200 ]l$Z 25 ]ll> Z# ]l$$ Eyl$ Gl$.

f$:
4200Z 30 >l + 4200Z 18 >l
= 4200
48
= 2016
100
]l*]l 2016
yl) 56 & 65 ]ll> ]l$$ MS 36 & 45 ]ll> ]l$$ MS VS
Page no #353
Gl?
f$: ll fZ 5 >l
AylW]l =
ll fZ 15 >l
5
1
=
=
15 = 3
]l*]l 1 : 3
E: 100 ]l$ $MS$ VSl, O]l$Z ]l_a]l ]l*$P BV> D MS
lV> stMS^$. VSt ]l*$P$ 50
jMS$t
VSl
Ol
>
]l*$P$
40 30 20
9
4
7
32
21
27
10 0
80 92 100
66 81 100
73 87 100
O stMS BV> D MS {MS$ ]l*$ >$yl.

G) > ]l*$P$ 40 >l MSs Gl ]l$MS lMS$P]l ]lâ.
f$:
40
40 >l ]l*$P$ = 50 100 = 20 VSr$

]l*$P$ 20 MSs lMS$P]l ]l_a]l $ Q = 100 &73 = 27
]l*]l 27
) VSlZ 60 >l MSs GMS$P]l ]l*$P$ ]l_a]l $$ Gl$?
f$:
60
60 >l ]l*$P$ = 50 100 = 30 stMS ]l$_ VSlZ 30 MSs GMS$P]l ]l*$P$ ]l_a]l
$ Q = 32
]l*]l 32
QMS >&1
Page no #354
"QMS > ]l$_ 'Civil Services Mains' SZ 8

]l*$P$, 'Group - I, Mains'Z 10 ]l*$P$, {$
]l^la A]lM> E. QMS > VSl -Ol$-]l--s-MS
Cl$Z ]lMS ]l]l]l$ A]lVSl ^l$ M, *{]l$
VS$$^l$M, l-]l ^l D A ]l$_ ]l^la {]l$ A-$- $V>l -bl^l]l^l$a.
l MS, , ]lMS$ QMS > ylyl$l$. MS_]l l >
{l^lyMS AlMS ]l*>Y$.
1. ]lyl l A]lYMSl l (Raw data or Ungrouped data):

l ]lMSVSl l A MS*y As$.
E:
SZ 20 ]l$ $MS$ ]l_a]l ]l*$P$ D l V> E. 40, 45, 43, 47, 48, 49,
50, 54, 60, 63, 65, 70, 75, 74, 76, 80, 84, 89, 90, 92.
O lV> Eyl l> A]lV>]l ^l$M, HOl ~*$ $M]lyl $-M>-l$.
l MS*y $-V> A ^l$M. lZ GMS$P]l $]l$ E-]l--yl$
D lV> {l^l.
2. ]lYMSl _e]l {$$ (grouped - discrete series):
D lZ l> M ]l$V> h-$. ]l lsMSl {lMSV>
Es. B* ]lZ $]l ]l$l l Er$.
E:
JMS lVSZ 30 ]l$ $MS$ SZ ]l_a]l ]l*$P$ -D lV> E.
]l*$P$$ Q
40
2
45
3
48
1
56
2
62
1
Page no #355
65
4
71
2
74
3
80
2
ll
20
lls l MSs y lZ l> {l^lyl,A ^l$M]lyl l-MS.
3. ]lYMSl A_e]l {$$ (Grouped continuous Series):

sl ]l@#]l stMS$ ]l@#]l f$ (Frequency Table or Frequency distribution) A MS*y As$. D lZ l> ]l$V> h$.
B* ]lZ $]l$ A_e]lV> (Continuous) Es.
E:
lVSZ Eyl 50 ]l$ $MS$ JMS SZ ]l_a]l ]l*$P$ D lV> E.
]l*$P$ $ Q
40 & 50 12
50 & 60
3
60 & 70 10
70 & 80 14
80 & 90
6
90 & 100 5
ll
50
D lOl$]l ]l@#]l stMS ]l$_ l Z ^l>$ (Variables) {]l]lZ
$l]l$$, lZ AlYlV> Eyl M $ lV> Yl]l$]l#.
MS{l ]l Ml$, Ax]ll ]ls ll$ > ]l@#]l f ^l]l^l$a.
V> lVSl$ Q 5 ]l$_ 15 ]lMS$ E-yl A]lM- >- E. O sMt S Z 40 & 50, 50
& 60, 60 & 70 ..... llO ]l s lVSl$$ As- $. D sMt S Z B$ lVS$l$$ E.
A]ll$$:
40 & 50 Al lVSZ "40' VS$]l A]l (Lower limit), "50' GVS$]l A]l (Upper
limit) As- $. As.. 40 ]l$-_l 50 Z# ]l*$P$ ]l_a]l $
Q "12' A A .
Page no #356
lVS Al: (Class Interval)
yl$ ]l$ lVSl$ VS$]l A]ll$$ GVS$]l A]ll$ ]l$l lVS Al
As$.
O ]l@#]l stMSZ lVS Al
= 50 & 40 = 10
lVSl$$: lVSl$]l$ yl$ M>$V> ]lYMS^l]l^l$a.
1. ]l lVSl$$ (Inclusive classes)
2. $]l# lVSl$$ (Exclusive classes)
JMS lVS GVS$]l A]l, l> lVS VS$]l A]lMS ]l*]lV> Es B lVSl$]l$
$]l# lVSl$, ]l*]lV> MS$s ]l lVSl$$ A As$.
E:
]l*$P$$ Q
0&9
10
10 & 19 9
20 & 29 6
30 & 39 5
40 & 49 10
ll
40
O ]l@#]l stMSZ lVSl$$ ]l lVSl$$. lVSl$]l$ O lV> > l
AlYl l A MS*y As$. D lZ JMS lVS GVS$]l A]l Al lVSZ ]lOl$
Er$. As "19' ]l*$P$ ]l_a]l 10 & 19 Al lVSMS ^l]l Oyl Esyl$.
EMS$ JMS MS SZ 19.5 ]l*$P$ ]l B H lVSZ MS*y ]l
^l$. Gl$MSs 19.5 Al 10 & 19MS, 20 & 29MS _]l $]l M>l$. M>st
lZ A $]l* N>~M> O]lyl$ ]l*{ll$ AlYl l E*VS yl$l$.
lZ $]l$ N>~M>$ M>MS$s (As ]l$]l$$ $]l#$, Gl$$ llO]l)..
$]l# lVSl$$ $M ]lyl ]l$fV> Er$. EMS$ JMS lVSZ 50
]l$ $ $]l#]l$ *_^lyMS D MS lV> ]l@#]l stMS]l$ ^l]l^l$a.
$]l# $ Q
(MSiZ)
20 & 25
6
25 & 30
8
Page no #357
30 & 35 10
35 & 40 10
40 & 45
9
45 & 50
7
ll
50
D l l Y l l A MS*y As$. D l Z JMS lVS GVS$]l A]l B lVSZ
]l$_l $]l_, l> lVSZ ]l ^l]l. As EMS$ "35' kg
$]l#]l 30 & 35 lVSZ MSP^lMS$y 35 & 40 lVSZ MSP.
]l@#]l (Frequency): JMS lVSMS ^l]l $]l Q]l$ B lVS ]l@#]l
As$. ]l@# V> 'f' Al AS *_. EMS$ O ]l@#]l
sMt S Z 20 & 25 Al lVS ]l@#]l = 6. Al l V> 40 & 45 Al lVS ]l@#]l =
9. ]l@# l V> AS 'N' *_. O stMSZ
N = 6 + 8 + 10 + 9 + 7
= 50
lVSl$ ]l$l $]l:
JMS lVS ]l$l $]l =
VS$]l A]l + GVS$]l A]l
-
2
O stMSZ lls lVS

20 + 25
2
]l$l $]l
= 22.5 kg
AVS _]l lVS ]l$l $]l
45 + 50
2
= 47.5 kg.
QMS >&2
Page no #358
VSl _MSZ QMS >MS _]l {l$MS

A>]l$ ^la^. Cyl$ sMS _ ]l$ M
A>]l$, M E]l$ ^la.
(Less than Cumulative Frequen-cy)
_l ]l@#]l f$:
]l@#]l stMSZ MS]l B* lVSl$ ]l@#]l$ ]l*{ll$ ^lVS.
M l>Z lZ HOl JMS $]l MSs GMS$P]l lMS$P]l ]l* MSW]l
]l@# Q A]l A]l#l$. Cr$]ls l>Z _l ]l@#]l f$
E*VSyl. C yl$ M>$:
1. B _l ]l@#]l f]l
2. A]l _l ]l@#]l f]l
(Greater than Cumulative Frequency
B _l ]l@#]l f]l
JMS ]l@#]l f]lZ lls ]l$_ JMS lVS GVS$]l A]l ]lMS$ Eyl ]l@#
l B lVS B _l ]l@ #]l As$.
E:
$]l#$B
(MSZZ)Q _l .#.
20 & 25 6
6
25 & 30 8 6+8=14
30 & 3510 6+8+10=24
35 & 40106+8+10+10=34
40 & 45 66+8+10+10+6=40
no #359
As 30 MSZ MSs lMS$P]l $]l# E]l ll $ Q 14, AVS 40Page
MSZ
MSs
lMS$P]l $]l# E]l ll $ Q 34, D lV> A]l]l*r. A lVSl$
]l@# ll _]l lVS B _l ]l@#MS ]l*]l.
A]l _l ]l@#]l f]l:
lVS VS$]l A]l MSs GMS$P]l ]l* MSW]l ll ]l@# B lVS A]l
_l ]l@#]l A As$.
$]l#$A]l
(MSZZ)Q _l .#.
20 & 25 66+8+10+10+6=40
25 & 30 88+10+10+6=32
30 & 3510 10+10+6=26
35 & 4010 10+6=16
40 & 45 6
6
As 25 MSZ$ AlMSs GMS$P]l $]l# Eyl $ ll Q 32, AVS 35
MSZ$ AlMSs GMS$P]l $]l# Eyl $ Q 16, D lV> A]l]l*r. A
lVSl$ ]l@# ll lls lVS A]l _l ]l@# MS ]l*]l.
MS{l ]l# Ml$:

]l@#]l fMS _ MS{l M]lyMS ]lQV> ]lyl$ M> Ml$
Al$r$Z E. A.
1)AMS ]l$l]l$ AMSVSl VSr$
(Artihmetic Mean)
2)]l$lVSl ]l$ll VSr$

(Median)
3. $MS (Mode)
AMS ]l$l]l$:
MS{l M]lyMS l^l$V> E* W^l Ml C.
AMS ]l$l ]l$ =
f1 x1 + f2 x2 + f3 x3 + ...... + f4 x4
f1 + f 2 + f3 + ...... + f4
fx = fx
f N
Page no #360
f1, f2, f3... Al ]l@#$,

x1, x2, x3.... Al lVS ]l$l $]l$
E:
D MS lVSl$ AMSVSl#
VSr$ Gl?
0 + 10
2
=5
25
0 10 5
]l*$P$$ Q
0 & 10
5
10 & 20
7
20 & 30
15
30 & 40
8
40 & 50
3
50 & 60
2
]l*]l:
C_a]l ]l@#]l fMS B* lVSl$ ]l$l $]l]l$ MS]l$V D lV> >^l$a.
]l*$P$ $ lVSl$ f x
Q (f) ]l$l $
]l$ (x)
10 20
20 30
30 40
40 50
50 60
ll
7
15
15 25
8
35
3
45
2
55
N=40
105
375
280
135
110
1020
O ]l@#]l stMS ]l$_

fx = 1020,
f = N = 40
AMS]l$l]l$ =
fx = 1020 = 25.5
N
Page no #361
40
C_a]l l AMSVSl VSr$ = 25.5

As lVSZ $MS$ ]l_a]l VSr$ ]l*$P$ 25.5 A A.
AMSVSl VSr$ tl (Merits):-1. C MS]l JMS l V> __, JMS JMS $]l]l$ MSW Er$.
2. C lZ A $]lO MS*y Byl Er$.
3. $V> VS^l]l^l$a, $V> A]lV> ]l ^l$M]l^l$a.
AMSVSl VSr$ & Z$ (Demerits):

1. D VSr$O lZ l A> {]l Er$. As AlMS, Al
* ]l D VSr$Z ^ ]l*$ ]l$.
2. C MS]l ]l~lMSOl$]l Ml ]l*{ll$. C lZ A $]l]l$
{^ll$.
E:
50 #Z k l$l *VS rZ C]lylOl$. D ]l@#]l fMS
VSr$]l$ MS]l$MPyl?
l$l *VS# Q
20 & 29
5
30 & 39
12
40 & 49
16
50 & 59
10
60 & 69
4
70 & 79
3
]l*]l:
C_a]l ]l@#]l fMS B* lVSl$ ]l$l $]l]l$ MS]l$V D lV> >$
]l^l$a.
l$l
# lVSl$ f x
*VS Q (f) ]l$l $
]l$ (x)
20 29
30 39
40 49
50 59
60 69
70 79
ll
5
20+29/2122.5
= 24.5
12 34.5
414.0
16 44.5
712.0
10 54.5
545.0
4
64.5
258.0
3
74.5
223.5
N=50
2275
Page no #362
fx = 2275,
f = N = 50
O sMt S ]l$_
fx = 2275 = 45.5
N
AMSVSl VSr$ =
50
C_a]l l
VSr$ = 45.5 As VSr$]l JMP # kMS$ 45.5 r l$l]l$
*W$]lr$ A.
]l$lVSl
lZ $]l]l$ B A]l {MS]l$Z >]l l>l V>Y ]l$lZ Eyl
$]ll ""]l$lVSl'' A As$. ]lYMSl M> l>MS ]l$lVS MS lV>
MS]l$MP]l^l$a.
llr lZ A $]l]l$ B A]l {MS]l$Z A]l$>a. C_a]l
Q Al n + 1 ]lZ $]l
2
]l$lVSl
lZ 'n' $]l$ Eyl, 'n'
A n , n + 1 $]l$
2 2
A]l##.
Cr$]
l
s
l$. AVS 'n' Q Al ]l$l$]l$ yl$ Es.

lZ D yls VSr$]l$ "]l$lVSl' V> .
E:
D MS >$ ]l$lVS MS]l$MPyl?
3, 12, 6, 8, 1, 15, 18, 7, 5
]l*]l:
C_a]l >$]l$ B {MS]l$Z >,
1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 15, 18
>$ Q = 9 ( Q)
9+1/2 = 5]l ]lZ > ]l$lVSl A]l#l$. ]l$l VSl = 7
E:
JMS ^l> $]l$

30, 5, 21, 42, 13, 10, 27, 33, 17, 8 Al
s ]l$lVSl Gl?
]l*]l:
C_a]l ^l> $]l]l$ B {MS]l$Z >$V>,
5, 8, 10, 13, 17, 21, 27, 30, 33, 42.
lZ >$ Q =
As 5, 6 Z
10, As
>$ VSr$ ]l$lVSl A]l#l$.
]l$lVSl = 17 + 21 = 19
Page no #363
10 10
, +1
2 2
QMS >&3
]l@#]l fMS ]l$lVSl
C_a]l ]l@#]l f]lZ ]l@# ll 'N' Al
llr N/2 $]l]l$ MSP^. B _l ]l@
#]l ]l$_ N/2]l > H lVSZ E B lVS
""]l$lVSl lVS'' A As. D lV> llr ""]l$lVSl
lVS'' VS$^.
B l>l MS *{ E*W_ ]l$lVS MS]l$MP]l^l$a.
]l$lVSl (M) = L + N2 F
]l$lVSl lVS VS$]l A]l.

]l@# ll.
]l$lVSl lVSMS ]ll$ lVS B _l ]l@#]l.
]l$lVSl lVS ]l@#]l.
lVS Al.
L
N
F
f
C
Page no #364
E:
MS l>MS ]l$lVS MS]l$MPyl?
lVS Al ]l@#]l
0&20
9
20&40
16
40&60
24
60&80
15
80&100
4
100&120
2
ll
N = 70
]l*]l:
l ]l$_ ]l@# ll
N = 70.
N 70
=
= 35.
2
2
Page no #365
H
S
lVS ]l@#]l B
Al
_l
]l@#]l
0&20
9
9
20&40 16 25
49
*40&60 24
60-&80 15 64
80&100 4
68
100&120 2
70
ll N = 70
M>st ""35'']l > Eyl lVS ]l$lVSl lVS A]l#l$.

MS ]l@#]l stMS]l$ l*$^l*.
]l$lVSl =
N = 70,
F = 25,
f = 24
C = 20.
O stMS ]l$_ "35']l > 40&60 lVSZ E. M>st C ]l$lVSl lVS A]l#l$.
L = 40 60 lVS VS$]l A]l = 40,
F
2
C
L+
f
70
25
2
20
= 40 +
24
= 40 +
10 20
= 48.3
24
C_a]l l ]l$lVSl = 48.3

$MS (Mode)
HOl JMS lZ l^l$V> ]l^la > ""$MS'' A As$. lZ

AsMSs GMS$P]l ]l@#]l E]l A> $MS A As$.
L+
(2 f
f1 f 2 )
Page no #366
l>$:
1. l>MS $MS Ey^l$a EylMS]l^l$a.
2. JMS l>MS JMSs MSs GMS$P]l $M>$ MS*y Ey^l$a.
E:
G) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 Al l>MS $MS l$.
) 6, 5, 4, 4, 3, 1, 4, 5, 1, 4, 9 Al l>MS $MS = ""4''. Gl$MSs "4' Al >
GMS$P]l$ #]l>]llOl$. l>MS JMS $MS Es HMS $MS
(Unimodal) A As$.
) 4, 5, 5, 3, 2, 2, 3, 1, 5, 2, 7 Al l>MS $M>$ = "2', "5'. Gl$MSs 2, 5,
yl* MS*y ]lyl$$ #]l>]ll]l$*. D lV> yl$ $M>$ Es
$MS (Bi-modal) A As$.
]l@#]l stMSMS$ $MS MS]l$MP]lyl:
llr C_a]l ]l@#]l stMSZ $MS lVS VS$^. AlMS ]l@#]l E]l
lVS $MS lVS As$.
$MS =
(f f )
L $MS lVS VS$]l A]l.

f $MS lVS ]l@#]l.
fl $MS lVS ]ll$ lVS ]l@#]l.
f2 $MS lVS l>l lVS ]l@#]l.
C $ lVS Al.
]lQ VS]l$MS:
$MS lVS lls lVS Al Ayl$ fl = 0. AVS $MS lVS _]l lVS
Al Ayl$ f2 = 0 A]l#l$. JMS ]l@#]l stMSMS$ yl$ GMS$P]l $MS
lVSl$$ MS*y Ey^l$a.
E:
MS ]l@#]l stMSMS$ $MS MS]l$MPyl.
]l*$P$ $ Q
10&19
10
20&29
22
30&39
24
40&49
50&59
60&69
Page no #367
30
10
4
]l*]l: lZ ]l@#]l stMSZ lVSl$$ ]l/AlYl lZ E.

]ll$ s $]l#/Yl l ZMS ]l*a > MS ]l@#]l f]l
l]l$]l#l$.
]l*$P$
$ Q
9.5&19.5
10
19.5&29.5 22
29.5&39.5 24
39.5&49.5 30
49.5&59.5 10
59.5&69.5 4
ll
100
O stMS ]l$_ AlMS ]l@#]l (30) 39.5&49.5 Al lVSZ E. M>st C $MS
lVS A]l#l$. Cyl$
$MS =
(f f )
1
L+
(2 f
f1 f 2 )
O stMS ]l$_
L = 39.5, f = 30
f1 = 24, f2 = 10, C = 10
$MS =
39.5 +
(30 24 ) 10
(2 30 24 10 )
= 39.5 +
6 10
26
= 39.5 +
30
= 39.5 + 2.3
13
= 41.8
C_a]l l $MS = 41.8
]l: $MS As $ Bl ]l > A A. As O EZ ll

100 ]l$ $Z GMS$P]l ]l$ ]l*$P$ 41.8 ]ll MS{MSlOl$ E$ A. (Point
of concentration).
Page no #368
l B$ (*.Z)MS$r$ Q
2000 MSs lMS$P]l2
4000 MSs lMS$P]l32
6000 MSs lMS$P]l42
8000 MSs lMS$P]l49
10,000 MSs lMS$P]l 60
12,000 MSs lMS$P]l 90
14,000 MSs lMS$P]l 100
E:
MS l>MS $M>]l$ MS]l$MPyl
]l*]l: lZ ]l@#]l stMS]l$ $]l# Yl lZ lVSl$ ]l$

$M #]l
l B$ (*.Z)MS$r$ Q
0 & 2,000 2
2,000 & 4,000 32&2 = 30
4,000 & 6,000 42&32 = 10
6,000 & 8,000 49&42 = 7
8,000 & 10,000 60&49 = 11
10,000 & 12,000 90&60 = 30
12,000 & 14,000 100&90 = 10
ll
100
D ]l@#]l stMSZ AlMS ]l@#]l (30) 2,000&4,000, 10,000&12,000 Al yl$

lVSl$Z E. M>st D yl$ lVSl$* $MS lVSl$]l#.
Case 1:
2,000&4,000]l$ $MS lVS A]l$Ms...

$MS = L + ( f f ) C
(2 f
f1 f 2 )
L = 2,000,
f = 30, f1 = 2, f2 = 10, C = 2, 000
Page no #369
$MS =
(30 2 ) 2,000
2,000 +
(2 30 2 10 )
= 2,000 +
28 2,000
14,000
= 2,000 +
48
12
Case 2:
10,000 & 12,000]l$ $MS lVSV> $MS$s...
(30 11)
(2 30 11 10 )
= 10,000 +
2,000
= 10,000 +
L = 10,000, f = 30,
f1 = 11, f2 = 10, C = 2,000
$MS =
= 2,000 + 1,166.66 = 3,166.66

$MS = *. 3,166.66
19 2,000
38,000
= 10,000 +
39
39
= 10,000 + 976.15 = 10,976.15

$MS = *. 10,976.15
jM>st C_a]l ]l@#]l fMS yl$ $M>$ E$ ^l^l$a. A *.

3,166.66, *. 10,976.15.
QMS > 4
Page no #370
Ml$
l> V>Y A]lV>]l ^l$Ms B l MS{l

]l Ml (VSr$) r$ B lZ >$$ H
lV> _ E* MS*yl l$$M. MS
E]l$ l Ml B]lMSl
]l$]lMS$ A]l$]l#l$.
E:
'A' Al MSZ B$VS$$ EVS$ i$ *. 500, *. 500, *. 2,000, *. 3,000,
*. 4,000, *. 20,000. 'B' Al MSZ B$VS$$ EVS$ i$ *. 4,000, *.
3,500, *. 4,500, *. 6,000, *. 5,500, *. 6,500. EVSZ ^l>]l$Ml A D
yl$ MSZ l GMS ^l$M?
]l*]l:
'A' Al MSZ EVS$
VSr$ il =
Al i ll
EVS$ Q
500 + 500 + 2000 + 3000 + 4000 + 20000

6
30,000
6
= *. 5,000
AllV>, 'B' Al MSZ EVS$ VSr$ il =
=
4000 + 3500 + 4500 + 6000 + 5500 + 6500

6
30,000
6
= *. 5,000.
yl$ MSZ MS*y EVS$ VSr$ i$ ]l*]l. M> 'A' Al MSZ i$

GMS$P]l Z (* 500 & 20,000) _ E. M>st E V> "B' Al MS
GMS ^l$M]l^l$a .
M>st JMS l VS$_ O]l ~$ $Ms B l M l VS$_
A]lV>]l A]l. Gl$ MSs VSr$ l A> {l A]l#l$.Page no #371

l ]l$ M]lyMS ]lQV> ]lyl$ M> Ml$ Al$r$Z E. A :
1. (Range)
2. {]l*MS ^l]l (Standard deviation)
3. ]l*l]l$ ^l]l (Mean deviation)
1. :& lZ VSx, MSx $]l ]l$l As$. O EZ "A'
Al MSZ iMS$ _]l = 20, 000&500 = *,, 19,500.
"B' Al MSZ i
= 6,500 & 3,500 = *,, 3,000.
"A' Al MSZ i GMS$P]l.
VS]l$MS: lZ ]l$ $V>, Egj#V> M]lyMS E*
VSyl$l$. Al ]l$ MS_alV> M]lyMS l$.
2. ]l*l]l$ ^l]l: l VSr$ ^l]l A MS*y As$. VSr$ AMS]l$l]l$

]l$_ B* >$ ^l VSr$l ]l*l]l$ ^l]l A As$.
X1,X2,X3,----Xn Al "n' >$ VSr$ AMS]l$l x A]l$Ms VSr$ ]l$_
B* >$ ^l$ =
x1 x , x 2 x , x 3 x ,
xn x .
VSr$ ^l]l =
x1 x + x 2 x + + x n x
n
xi x
n
VS]l$MS: JMS l ]l*l]l$ ^l]l lMS$P]lV> Es B l# lMS$P]l E]lr$.

E:& A, B Al yl$ ${$ Pr]l$ MS ^l$yMS yl$l$$. yl$
${$ MS ^l]l 10 > MSr $]l#$ MS lV> E ({V>]lZ).
A- & 196, 198, 198, 199, 200, 200, 201, 201, 202, 205
B & 192, 194, 195, 198, 200, 201, 203, 204, 206, 207.
]l*l]l$ ^l E*W_ yl$ ${Z H ]l]l$MSOl$ MS]l$ MPyl?
Page no #372
Answer:
'A' Al ${MS _]l 10 > MSr VSr$ $]l# =
196 + 198 + + 202 + 205
10
x=
2000
= 200
10
{V>]l$
xi x
]l*l]l$ ^l]l =
VSr$ x ]l$_ B* >$ ^l$
= |196--&200|,|198-&200|,&&&|202 & 200|,
|205 & 200|
]l*l]l$ ^l]l =
4 + 2 + 2 +1+ 0+ 0+1+1+ 2+ 5
10
18
= 1.8 (1)
10
= 4, 2, 2, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 5.
x=
Cl l V> "B' Al ${l # > MSr VSr$ $]l#=
192 + 194 + ,,,, +206 + 207

10
2000
= 200
10
{V>]l$
VSr$ ( x ) ]l$_ B* >$ ^l$
= |192 & 200|, |194 & 200 |,,, |206 & 200 |, | 207 &200 |
= 8, 6, 5, 2, 0, 1, 3, 4, 6, 7
]l*l]l$ ^l]l =
8+6+5+2+0+1+3+4+6+7
10
42
= 4.2 ( 2)
10
1, 2 ]l$_ "A' Al MS > MSr ]l*l]l$ ^l]l lMS$P]lV> E. M>st "B'

MSs A' Al ${l ]l]l$MSOl$ A ^l]l^l$a.
VS]l$MS:& l ]l$ M]lyMS MSs ]l*l]l$ ^l MS_al Ol$]l
MlV> VS^l]l^l$a.
3. {]l*MS ^l]l: ]l$l]l$ VSr$ ]l$_ B* >$ ]l>Y ]l*l]l*
As$. "a2' Al {XMS$ ASZ *_. llMS ]lY]ll
Page no #373
{]l*MS ^l]l As.
x1, x2, x3, xn Al "n' A]l$Ms, Cyl$ {]l*MS ^l]l$ MS]l$V.
>$$ ^l$ ^ l
] l >Y $
(x
x2 x2
(x
(x
x3 x3
,
,
,
,
) + (x
2
.... + x n x
xn xn x
( )=
2
)+
2
xi x
=
2
(x
Cyl$
1
,
,
(x
x1 x1
llMS ]lY]ll$ {]l*MS ^l]l.

{]l*MS ^l]l (S.D ) = +
2
) + (x
2
)
2
x +,,, + x n x
)
2
(x
xi x
E:
MS l , {]l*MS ^l]l$ MS]l$MPyl?
40, 50, 60, 50, 40.
Answer: lZ C_a]l 5 >$
VSr$
=
x=
40 + 50 + 60 + 50 + 40
5
240
= 48
5
>$$
^l$
^l
40
50
60
50
40
]l>Y$
40&48=&8(&8)2= 64
50&48= 2 (2)2 = 4
60&48=12 (12)2= 144
50&48= 2 (2)2= 4
40&48=&8(&8)2 = 64
(
xi x
( )=
64 + 4 + 144 + 64 + 4
5
280
= 56
5
Page no #374
( )= 56
{]l*MS ^l]l () + 56 =7.52
^l]l VS$MS (coefficient of variation): lZ ]l$ M]ly MS
MS_alOl$]l MlV> ^l]l VS$MS E*VSyl$l$. ^l]lVS$MS =
{]l*MS ^l]l
100
AMS]l$l]l$
yl$ l> MSyl ( consistency) ]l$ ayMS ^l]l VS$MS
E*VSyl$l$. ^l]l VS$MS lMS$P]l E]l lZ MSyl GMS$P]l E]lr$.
E:
MS stMSZ A, B Al Cl$ sl$l $VS$$ Al$ ]l*^lZ Câ$.
AS& 40, 50, 60, 40, 50
B & 100, 120, 5, 5, 10
]l# fr$tZMS G]l GMS ^l]l#? Gl$MS$?

Answer: 'A' sl$l VSr$ $VS$$
40 + 50 + 60 + 40 + 50
5
=
240
= 48
5
AVS 'B' VSr$ $VS$$
100 + 120 + 5 + 5 + 10
5
240
= 48
5
no #375
Cl$ BrV> VSr$ $VS$$ ]l*]lV> E M>st ClZ G]l$ MSOyPage
l]l BrV>y
^l*y.
A sl$l ^l]lVS$MS:&
A {]l*MS ^l]l =
+
64 + 4 + 144 + 64 + 4
5
280 +
= 56
5
=7.52
A ^l]l VS$MS =
7.52
100 = 15.625
48
40
50
60
40
50
^l$
^l
]l>Y$
40&48=&8(&8)2= 64
50&48= 2 (2)2 = 4
60&48=12 (12)2= 144
40&48=&8(&8)2= 64
50&48= 2 (2)2 = 4
>$$
^l$ ^l
]l>Y$
100 100&48 = 52 (52)2 = 2704
120 120&48 = 72 (72)2 = 5184
5 5&48 = &43 (&43)2 = 1849
5 5&48 = &43 (&43)2 = 1849
10 10&48 = &38 (&38)2= 1444
>$$
B & sl$l ^l]l VS$MS:
B {]l*MS ^l]l
=
=+
2704 + 5184 + 1849 + 1849 + 1444

5
13030 +
= 2606 = 51 .05
5
B ^l]l VS$MS =
Page no #376
51.05
100
48
= 106.35
1, 2 ]l$_ 'B' MSs A ^l]l VS$MS lMS$P]l. As B MSs 'A' MSOyl]l BrV>yl$.
M>st fr$tZMS 'A' Al BrV>~ GMS ^l]l$.
QMS >&5
Page no #377
{]l*MS ^l]l, ^l]l VS$MS, MSyl llO]l s

VS$_ VSlZ ^la^. sMS _]l ]l$M
E]l$ .
1.
'X', 'Y' Al Mst BrV> $VS$$ B$ {MSMSs
BrZ MS lV> E.
X : 75, 21, 65, 60, 45, 41

Y : 68, 44, 75, 68, 63, 71
G]l ]l$ GMS$P]lV> E? Gl$MS$?
(HG, {VS*&1, l*yl &2007)
]l*]l:
>$ ll
75 + 21 + 65 + 60 + 45 + 41
6
307
6
x=
VSr$ =
>$ Q
Al *{ A]l$_, 6 ]l*^lZ 'X' Al sl$l VSr$ $VS$$
= 51.16
AllV> 'Y' sl$l VSr$ $VS$$

y=
68 + 44 + 75 + 68 + 63 + 71
6
389
= 64.83
6
' X' MSs 'Y' VSr$ GMS$P]l M>st 'Y' Al sl$l ]l$ GMS$P]l A ^l^l$a.
VSr$ r$ "MSyl']l$ MS*y .

'X' ^l]l VS$MS:
{]l*MS ^l]l =
( xi x) 2
Page no #378
>$$
(xi)
^l$
]l>Y$
^l
( xi x) 2
( xi x)
23.84 568.3456
-&31.16 970.9456
13.84 191.5456
8.84 78.1456
&6.16 37.9456
&10.16 103.2256
ll =1950.1536
{]l*MS ^l]l =
75
21
65
60
45
41
= 325.0256
= 18.028
^l]l VS$MS =
{]l*MS ^l]l
1950.1536
6
100
VSr$
18.028
100
51.16
'X' ^l]l VS$MS =
= 35.23931 (1)
'Y' ^l]l VS$MS
>$$
^l$
(yi)
( yi y )
68
3.17
^l ]l>Y$
( yi y) 2
10.0489
44
75
68
63
71
&24.83 616.5289-10.17 103.4289

3.17 10.0489
&1.83 3.3489
6.17 38.0689
ll = 781.4734
{]l*MS ^l]l =
Page no #379
781.4734
6
= 11.4125
11.4125
100
64.83
= 130.2455
'Y' ^l]l VS$MS =

= 17.60376 (2)
(1) & (2) ]l$_ 'X' MSs 'Y' ^l]l VS$MS lMS$P]l M>st 'X' MSs 'Y' Al
BrV>ylZ MSyl GMS$P]l. M>st VSr$ , MSyl 'X' MSs 'Y' l$$V>Y Eyl$.
'X' 'MSs 'Y ]l$ GMS$P]l.
VS]l$MS:
gMS D {Z ^l]l VS$M>$ MS]l$MP]l A]l l$. 'X' MSs 'Y' VSr$
GMS$P]l M>st 'Y' ]l$ GMS$P]l A ^l^l$a. Cl VSr$$ ]l*]l A]lyl$
]l*{ll$ ClZ GMS$P]l MSylV> Byl G]l$ A]l VS]lZMS $Ms.
E]l$yl {]l*MS ^l]l: (combined S.D)
lls {VS*# :
>$ Q = N1, VSr$ = X1
{]l*MS ^l]l = 1
y {VS*#:
>$ Q N2, VSr$ = X2
{]l*MS ^l]l = 2
yl$ {VS*# E]l$yl VSr$ = X,
{]l*MS ^l]l = A]l$Ms
Page no #380
X X1 = d1,
X X2 = d2
Ayl$
N1 (12 + d12 ) + N 2( 2 2 + d 2 2)
=
N1 + N 2
2
N1 (12 + d12) + N 2( 2 2 + d 2 2)
N1 + N 2
O *{ E*W_ E]l$yl MS*y MS]l$MP]l^l$a.

2. 60 >$ VSr$, l$$ ]l$V> 10, 4. D 60 >$Z 40 >$ VSr$, l$$
]l$V> 11, 2.25. Al $W]l 20 >$ VSr$, l$]l$ MS]l$MPyl?
(Civil Services, Mains 2003)
]l*]l:
l {M>
N1 = 40, X1 = 11, 12 = 2.25
X = 10, 2 = 4.
$W]l 20 >$ VSr$, l$]l$ ]l$V> X2, 22 A]l$Ms Ayl$ N2 = 20.

N1 X 1 + N 2 X 2
N1 + N 2
Al *{ A]l$_
E]l$yl VSr$ X =
10 =
40 11 + 20 X 2
40 + 20
10 60 = 440 + 20X2
20X2 = 600 440 = 160
X2 =
160
=8
20
$W]l 20 >$ VSr$ = 8.

AllV>
Page no #381
N1 (12 + d12 ) + N 2( 2 2 + d 2 2)
=
N1 + N 2
2
Al *{ A]l$_,
d1 = X1 X = 11 10 = 1,
d2 = X2 X = 8 10 = 2
Cyl$ O *{ A]l$_
40(2.25 + 1) + 20( 2 2 + 4)
4=
40 + 20
240 = 210 + 2022

22 = 30 = 1.5
20
$W]l 20 >$ = 1.5
2022 = 240 210 = 30
4 60 = 130 + 2022 + 80
]l@#]l fMS {]l*MS ^l]l MS]l$V]lr:

C_a]l ]l@#]l f]lZ lVSl$ ]l$l $]l$ ]l$V> m1, m2, .....mn, lVSl$
]l@#$ ]l$V> f1, f2, .....fn,
A]l$MS$s, B ]l@#]l f]l VSr$ x A]l$MS$s
fi mi
fi
S
x=
{]l*MS ^l]l
=
fi (mi x) 2
fi
AVS B ]l@#]l f]l MS*y MS]l$MP]l^l$a.

3. MS ]l@#]l stMS VSr$, {]l*MS ^l]l$ MS]l$MPyl?
]l*$P$ $ Q
5 & 10
2
10 & 15
9
15 & 20 29
20 & 25 54
25 & 30
6
ll
100
]l*]l:
VSr$
x=
Page no #382
fi mi
fi
2 7.5 + 9 12.5 + 29 17.5 +
54 22.5 + 6 27.5
100
15 + 112.5 + 507.5 +
1215 + 165
100
2015
= 20.15
100
{]l*MS ^l]l =
fi (mi x)2
fi
2 160 + 9 58.5 + 29 7 +
54 5.5 + 6 54
100
320 + 527 + 204 + 298 + 324

100
1673
100
= 16.73 = 4.09
C_a]l ]l@#]l stMS VSr$ = 20.15
{]l*MS ^l]l = 4.09

AVS D ]l@#]l stMS ^l]l VS$M> MS]l$MP]l^l$a.
^l]l VS$MS =
Page no #383
4.09
100
20.15
= 20.2977
]l@#]l f]l ]l*l]l$ ^l]l:

]l*l]l$ ^l]l = fi (mi x )
fi
O EZ ]l@#]l f]l ]l*l]l$ ^l MS]l$V.
]l*l]l$ ^l]l =
2 12.65 + 9 7.65 + 29 2.65
+54 2.35 + 6 7.35

100
25.3 + 68.85 + 76.85
+126.9 + 44.1
100
= 3.42
QMS >[&6
Page no #384
E]l$yl {]l*MS ^l]l
VSl _MSZ {]l*MS ^l H lV> VS^Z
X=
^la^. D _MSZ E]l$yl {]l*MS ^l]l, >$]l$

r$V> $ MS$]lyl$ O]l {]l*MS ^l
MS]l$MP ]lyl Al A> VS$_ ^la.
E]l$yl {]l*MS ^l]l:
lls ]lZ >$ Q = N1,
s AMS]l$l]l$ = X1,
{]l*MS ^l]l = 1,
y ]lZ >$ Q = N2,
s AMS]l$l]l$ = X2,
{]l*MS ^l]l = 2 A]l$Ms...
Cyl$ llr O yl$ ]l E]l$yl AMS]l$l]l$ (X) MS]l$MP.
N1X1 + N2 X2
N1 + N2
d1 = X1 X,
d2 = X2 X A A]l$MS$s....
O yl$ ]l E]l$yl {]l*MS ^l ]l ()]l$ MS *{l > MS]l$MP ]l^l$a.

N1 (12 + d12 )+ N2 (22 + d22
N1 + N2
O yl$ ]l E]l$yl
2 =
N1 (12 + d12 )+ N2 (22 + d22

N1 + N 2
O *{]l$ G ]lMS$ A Al lZ _ >$M]l^l$a.

E:
150 ]l$ $$]l JMS lVS VSr$ $]l# 60 MSi$. B lVSZ , MS VSr$
$]l#$ ]l$V> 70, 55 MSi$. $]l# {]l*MS ^l$ ]l$V> 10, 15 MSi$.
Al B lVSZ $ Q Gl? ll lVS {]l*MS ^l]l Gl?
Page no #385
]l*]l:
lVS $ Q = b A]l$MS$s...
MS Q = 150 b A]l#l$.
$]l$ lls ]lV>]l*, MS]l$ y ]lV>]l* VS_]lrl,
yl$ ]l E]l$yl VSr$ $]l# (X) = 60 MSi$

M> E]l$yl VSr$ X = N X + N X
1
N1 + N2
60 =
b 70 + (150 b ) 55
b + 150 b
60 150 = 70b + 8,250 55b

15b = 9,000 8,250 = 750
b = 750/15 = 50
lVSZ $ Q (N1) = 50
N1 = b, X1 = 70 Kgs,
1 = 10 Kgs,
N2 = 150 b, X2 = 55 Kgs,
2 = 15 Kgs.
AVS MS Q (N2)=100 A]l#l$.

Cyl$ ll lVS E]l$yl {]l*MS ^l MS]l$V.
d1 = X1 X = 70 60 = 10
d2 = X2 X = 55 60 = 5
d12 = 100, d22 = 25 AVS...
12 = 100, 22 = 225 A]l#l$.
Cyl$ E]l$yl {]l*MS ^l]l,

=
N1 (12 + d12 )+ N2 (22 + d22

N1 + N2
50 (100 + 100 ) + 100 (225 + 25 )

50 + 100
50 200 + 100 250

150
10,000 + 25,000
150
=
35,000
= 233.33
150
Page no #386
= 15.275
ll lVS {]l*MS ^l]l
= 15.275 MSi$.
VS]l$MS:
1. ]l ]l E]l$yl {]l*MS ^l ]l B* ]l ]lMSVSl {]l*MS
^lZ VSt {]l*MS ^l]l MSs GMS$P]l Er$.
2. lls 'n' f Q {]l*MS ^l]l
n2 1
12
E:
60 >$$]l JMS $ AMS]l$l]l$, l$$ ]l$V> 10, 4. D $Z 40 >$
AMS]l$l]l$, l$$ ]l$V> 11, 2.25 Al $W]l 20 >$ AMS]l$l]l$,
l$]l$ MS]l$MPyl.
( , l$l, 2003)
]l*]l:
40 >$]l$ lls ]lV>, $W]l 20 >$]l$ y ]l V>]l* .
Ayl$..
N1 = 40, X1 = 11, 12 = 2.25

N2 = 20, X2 = ?, 22 = ?
X=
E]l$yl VSr$ X = 10, E]l$yl

2 = 4 M> E]l$yl VSr$
N1X1 + N2 X2
N1 + N2
10 =
40 11 + 20 X 2
40 + 20
10 60 = 440 + 20 X2
20 X2 = 600 440 = 160
X2 = 160/20 = 8
$W]l 20 >$ AMS]l$l]l$ = 8
d1 = 11 10 = 1
d2 = 8 10 = 2
Page no #387
AVS... E]l$yl
N1 (12 + d12 )+ N2 (22 + d22
2 =
N1 + N 2
4=
40 (2.25 + 1 ) + 20 ( 22 + 4 )
40 + 20
4 60 = 403.25 + 2022 + 80
2022 = 240 80 130
22 = 30/20 = 1.5
$W]l 20 >$ = 1.5
xi2
x
n
>$]l$ r$V> $M]lyl:

D A> ^la^l ]ll$ ]lMSVSl {$MS$ _ {]l*$ ^l MS ]l$MS
*{ VS$$^l$M.
()
CMSPyl 'n' As ]lMSVSl {Z >$ Q

xi Al >$$,
Al B >$ AMS]l$l]l$
x
xi2 = x12 + x22 + x32 + ..............+ xn2
As >$ ]l>Y ll.

O *{lZ C$Ol# ]lY ^l
xi2
x
n
()
2 =
( ) ),
xi2 = n 2 + x
As >$ ]l>Y ll =
n ( + (x ) )
2
D *{ MS*y VS$$^l$M.
E:
JMS lVSZ "9' ]l$ $ $]l# VSr$, {]l*MS ^l$ ]l$V> 43 MSi$,
5 MSi$ B lVSZMS MlV > 63 MSi$ Eyl ^l]l l> l B lVS VSr$ $]l#,
{]l*MS ^l$ MS]l$MPyl.
Page no #388
]l*]l:
l {M>, {Z lVSZ "9' ]l$ $ $]l# ll = 43 9
= 387 MSi$.
63 MSi $]l#yl ^l]l l$l lVSZ "10' ]l$ $ $]l# ll =
387 + 63 = 450 MSi$.
450 = 45 MSi$.
=
{$l, lVS VSr$ $]l# 10
{Z lVSZ "9' ]l$ $ $]l# ]l>Y ll =
= n ( + (x ) )
2
()
20835
452
10
= 9 (52 + 432) = 16,866

Ml ^l]l l>l, 10 ]l$ $ $]l# ]l>Y ll
xi2= 16,866 + 632
= 16866 + 3969 = 20835
D "10' ]l$ $ $]l# {]l*MS ^l]l
= 7.65
lVS {]l*MS ^l]l = 7.65 MSi$.
= 58.5
= 2083.5 2025
QMS >{&7
Page no #389
Ml$
(Measures of Dispersion)
VSr$ l lMS {l ]l$. As JMS
l VSr$ l, B l VS$_ {l$MS A]lV>]l

Hyl$l$. l NV> l$$Ms B
lZ >$, VSr$ ]l*{ll$ l l$. VSr$
r$ B lZ >$$ H l V> _ E* MS*y l Es B l VS$_
O]l ~*$ $MS$l $r$. D A> JMS E > . A, B Al
yl$ MSZ ^l$]l 500 ]l$ EVS$ ll$ MS lV> E$]l$Myl.
EVS$A MSZ B & MSZ
QJMPMSP il JMPMSP il
(*.Z)(*.Z)
100 1,000 4,000
100 2,000 6,000
100 2,500 5,000
100 1,500 5,500
100 18,000 4,500
ll=500
{ MSZ 500 ]l$ EVS$$ ^l$$. yl$ MSZ]l* JMS EW VSr$
ll MS]l$V.
A MSZ EW VSr$ ll]l (Z)=100(1000+2000+2500+1500+
18,000) / (100 +100 +100 +100 +100)
= 5,000
Cl l V>, B MSZ VSr$ ll]l = . 5,000. As A, B yl$ MSZ MS*y
VSr$ ll$ ]l*]lV> E. C#yl$ D yl$ MSZ H JMS MSZ ^l>

A]l$MS$l VSr$ $W Eyl]l$Myl. AlMS MS]l B yl$ MSZ VSr$ ll$
]l*{ll$ l B yl$ MSZ EVS$ ll$ ]l*]l Zl E$ A]l$MS$l
{]l*l]l. yl$ MSZ VSr$ ll r$ EVS$ i$ G _
E* MS*y VS]l$^.
Page no
A MSZ l$gs EVS$ (400 ]l$) i$ MS]l . 1000 & 2500
#390
Z
EylV> 100 ]l$ EVS$ i$ ]l*{l . 18,000V> E. As D MSZ i$

GMS$P]l Z _ E EVS$ iZ A]l*]ll$ GMS$P]lV> E.
Cl$MS$ ]lV> B - MSZ Al ll$ . 4000&6000 Zl _ E.
As CMSPyl iZ A]l*]ll$ lMS$P]lV> E iZ l MSyl
GMS$P]lV> El ^l^l$a. M>st A MSs B MSZ ^lyMS {]l$.
MlZ {]lOl$]l 5
1. (Range)
2. ]l$l]l$ ^l]l/VSr$ ^l]l (Mean Deviation)
3. ^ll$> ^l]l (Quartile Deviation)
4. {]l*MS ^l]l (Standard Deviation)
5. g ]l{MS (Lorenz Curve)
S lt , ]l$l]l$ ^l]l {]l*MS ^l$ A]l.
: ]lMSV S l {$Z, _e]l {$Z = VS t > & MSt >
VS$MS = VSt>&MSt>/ VSt>+MSt>
VS$M>MS {]l*$ Eyl]l#. C G#yl* 0, 1 ]l$ll Er$.
E: i) 9, 12, 15, 18, 21
ii) 1, 8, 15, 22, 29
lls { = 21&9 = 12
VS$MS=21&9/21+9 =12/30=0.4
y { = 29&1=28
VS$MS =291/29+1 = 28/30 = 0.933
{]ll: VS$MS lMS$P ]lV> E]l lZ l/MSyl
(StasilityIConsistency) GMS$P]lV> E]lr$.
O EZ y { MSs lls {Z l MSyl GMS$P]l A ^l^l$a.
E: MS l , VS$M>$ VS^lyl.
]l*$P$
3 5 10 15 20
$ Q 20 30 40 50 10
ll $ Q 150
]l*]l: _e]l {$Z VS^s ]l@# A]l l$. l
{M> VSt ]l*$P$ = 20, MSt ]l*$P$ = 3. =20&3=17 ]l*$P$Page no #391

VS$MS = 20&3/20+3 =17/23 = 0.73
E: MS l , VS$M>$ VS^lyl.
B$MS$r$ Q
( lZ)
1-4
5-8
9 -12
13 - 16
9
15
20
3
ll
47
]l*]l: ]l@#]l f]lZ VS^s ]l@# A]l l$.
l ]l$_ VSt B$ = .16,000
MSt B$ = . 1000
= 16000&1000 = . 15,000
VS$MS = 16000&1000/
16000+1000 = 15000/17000 = 0.88
s: $V> VS^^l$a, $V> A]lV>]l ^l$M]l^l$a. M> lZ
]l$ M]lyMS C Al MS_alOl$]l Ml M>l$.
]l$l]l$ ^l]l: lZ >$ VSr$ ]l$_ B* >$ ^l ]l$ ]l
AMS]l$l]l* ]l$l]l$ ^l]l As$. D ^l]lZ VSr$ As AMS]l$l]l$,
]l$lVSl, $MSZ HOl M>^l$a. Il V> AMS]l$l]l* $MS$s. D
^l]l {M> x1, x2, x3,... xn ]l$l ]l$ ^l]l =
=
| xi x |
n
xi B* >$$
>$ VSr$
n >$ Q
x
{]ll: ]l$l]l$ ^l]l lMS$P]lV> E]l lZ MSyl/l GMS$P]lV> E]lr$.

E: A, B Al yl$ ${$ Pr$ M ^l$yMS yl$l$$. JMP Ps
MSs $]l# 200 {V>]l$ Ey. { ${l ]l$_ 10 > Ps MSr]l$
MS_ s $]l# l* D lV> ]ll*l* ({V>]lZ).
Page no #392
${l A: 196, 198, 198, 199, 200, 200, 201, 201, 202, 205
${l B: 194, 194, 195, 198, 200, 201, 201, 204, 206, 207.
Il ]l$l]l$ ^l E*W_ ylsZ H ${l GMS$P]l MS_alOl$ MS]l$MPyl.
(, l$&2002)
]l*]l: ${l 'A' ]l$_ MS_]l Ps MSr VSr$ $]l# = Ps MSr
$]l# ll/Ps MSr Q
= 196+198+198+....+205/10
= 2000/10 = 200 {V>]l$
Cl l V> ${l 'B' ]l$_ MS_]l Ps MSr VSr$ $]l#
= 194+194+195+....+207/10
= 2000/10 = 200 {V>]l$
CMSPyl VSr$ $]l# As $]l# AMS]l$l]l$ Al * VS]l$^. yl$
${$ M ^l]l Ps MSr VSr$ $]l#$ ]l*]lV> E. C#yl$ ]l$l]l$
^l E*W_ H ${l Ps MSr $]l#$ GMS$P]l MSyl
{l$* MS]l$V.
x
A${l
$]l# (xi)
196
198
198
199
200
200
201
201
202
205
xi x
B${l
$]l# (yi)
yi y
4
2
2
1
0
0
1
1
2
5
194
194
195
198
200
201
201
204
206
207
6
6
5
2
0
1
1
4
6
7
= 18
yi y
= 38
xi x
${l 'A ]l$_ MS_]l Ps MSr $]l#
]l$l]l$ ^l]l =
=
| xi x |
n
= 18/10
( n = Ps MSr Q = 10 )
= 1.8 {V>]l$ ......... (1)
Cl l V> ${l B ]l$l]l$ ^l]l
= 38/10 = 3.8 {V>]l$......(2)

As ${l A M ^l]l Ps MSr $]l#$ 200 {V>]l$ (VSr$ Page

$]l#)no ]#393
l$_
VSr$]l 1.8 {V>]l ^l {l$.
(1), (2) ]l$_ ]l$l]l$ ^l]l lMS$P]lV> E]l ${l &A ]l]l$MSOl$]ll
^l^l$a.
_e]l {$ ]l$l]l$ ^l]l:
| f id i |
f i
]l$l]l$ ^l]l =
fi ]l@#]l, di =
xi B* >$$,
>$ VSr$
E: MS l ]l$l]l$ ^l MS]l$MPyl.
$]l#$ ]lMS$ Q
xi x
(kg)
30
20
35
30
40
30
45
20
ll
100
]l*]l: lZ C_a]l $]l#$ >$$ (xi), ]lMS$ Q]l$ ]l@#$ (fi)
A]l$M stMS^lV> &
xi fi
fixi
30 20 600
35 30 1050
40 30 1200
45 20 900
fi=100, fixi=
di = x i x
|fidi|
3037.5= 7.5 150
3537.5 = 2.5 75
4037.5 = 2.5 75
4537.5 = 7.5 150
3750
|fidi|=450
O l AMS]l$l]l$
(x ) =
f i x i
f i
= 3750/100=37.5 kgs
C#yl$ O l ]l$l]l$ ^l]l

=
f i d i 450
=
= 4.5 kgs
f i
100
As VSr$]l $ $]l#$ 37.5 kgs ]l$_ 4.5 kgs ^l MSW Es$

A.
Page no #394
]l@#]l f]l ]l$l]l$ ^l]l:
]l$l]l$ ^l]l
fi ]l@#]l, di =
xi lVS ]l$l$]l
VSr$
E: JMS lVSZ $MS$ JMS S Z ]l_a]l ]l*$P$ MS lV> E.
]l*$P ]l$l]l$ ^l MS]l$MPyl.
]l*$P$$ Q
=
| f i di |
f i
xi x
10-20
20-30
30-40
40-50
30
20
20
30
ll
100
]l*]l: lVS ]l$l $]l (xi) = VS$]ll$+GVS$]ll$/2 Al *{
E*W_ B* lVSl$ ]l$l $]l$ MS]l$V stMS^lV> &
xi
fi
fixi
di = x i x
|fidi|
15 30 450 1530 = 15 450

25 20 500 2530 = 5 100
35 20 700 3530 = 5
100
45 30 1350 4530 = 15 450
|fidi|=1100
fi=100,fixi=3000
(x ) =
f i x i
f i
O l AMS]l$l]l$
= 3000/100 = 30 ]l*$P$
=
| f i di |
f i
O l ]l$l]l$ ^l]l
= 1100/100 = 11 ]l*$P$
s: g*$ Z A]l*]ll$ VS^lyMS V> ]l$l]l$
^ll yl$$.
Page no #395
QMS >{&8
Page no #396
{]l*--MS --^l--]l
(Standard Deviation)
-- M-l-Z {-]l-Ol$-- -{-]l*--MS ^l--]l. l {MS]l$

^l--]l ]lY ^l-]l A MS*y As-$.
-: AMS-]l$-l-]l$ ]l$_ B* >$- ^l-- ]l>Y- AMS]l$-l-]l*--l - As-$. -- '2' *_-$.
{--]l*--MS ^l--]l: - -l--l-MS ]lY-]l-l -{-]l*--MS ^l-]l As-$. '' Al
{XMS AS- *_--$.
O ^l]l {M> -, {]l*--MS ^l--- *{-$ >. x1, x2, x3,....xn Al
>$-$
--^l---$ -
'n' >$-$s.. s AMS-]l$-l-]l$ = x A]l$-MS$s..
-^l--- ]l>Y-$

x1 x
x2 x
(x
x3 x
x1
x2
x1 x
x3
;
;
x3 x
;
;
;
;
xn x
xn x
xn
^l--- ]l->Y- ll = (x x )
- = ^l--- ]l>Y- AMS-]l$-l-]l$ =
2
(x
);
2
+
(x
{-]l*--MS -^l--]l () =
-s: -{-]l*--MS -^l--]l $-]l G--yl* l-l-MSV>-l Er$.
{]l*---MS ^l----MS ]l$- -*-{l:
Page no #397
x (x )
n
2
n
x =
40 + 50 + 60 + 40 + 50 240
=
= 48
5
5
{]l*--MS -^l--]l () =
D *{l -M- {l-MS l->-Z ^ A]l--. E----MS$ C_a-]l >$- AMS-]l$l-]l$
MS-t-V> E]l--yl$, C_a-]l >$Z M ^l->-$-$ E]l---yl$, {]l*--MS ^l--]lZ- -r-]l$ ]l-^l-y--MS y *{- yl-.
E: JMS s-]l*-l l]l _]l- 5 -]l*-^l-Z ^l-]l $-VS$-$ D lV> -E--. 40, 50, 60,
40, 50. Il Al- $-VS$-- {]l*--MS ^l--- MS]l$MPyl?
-]l*--]l: AMS-]l$-l-]l$ ( )
>$- ll/>-$- Q
M>-st Al- $-VS$- AMS-]l$-l-]l$ ( )
--^l---$
(x
(xn) (x x )
--^l--- ]l>Y-$
>$-$
40 40-48 = 8
64
50 50-48 = 2
4
60 60-48 = 12
144
40 40-48 = 8
64
50 50-48 = 2
4
(x
) = 280
2
O l {]l*--MS -^l--]l
=
(x
280
= 56 = 7.48
5
s--]l*-l -$-VS$- {]l*--MS ^l--]l
= 7.48 $-VS$--$
E: ll-r 'n' -f Q- {]l*--MS ^l-- MS]l$MPyl?
#398
]l*--]l: D ]l$--]l$ ^--s {]l*--MS -^l-]l, y *{- E-Page
*-Wno^.
ll-s 'n' -f -Q- l-l =
n (n + 1)
n =
ll-s 'n' -f -Q- AMS-]l$-l-]l$
>$-$(xn) >$- ]l>Y-$ (x2n)
S
K
12
22
32
;
;
1
2
3
;
;
n
n2
2
n
= n2
+ 2 2 + 32 + ...... + n 2 )
x = (1
M> l-l r
- 'n' -f Q- ]l>Y- ll
n
n (n + 1)(2n + 1)
xn2 =
n (n + 1)(2n + 1)
6
O l {]l*--MS ^l--]l
=
x (x )
n
2
n
n n (n + 1) n + 1
=
=
n
2n
2
(x )
n (n + 1)(2n + 1) n + 1
=
6n
2
n + 1 2n + 1 n + 1
2 3
2
n + 1 4 n + 2 3n 3
2
6
n +1 n 1
=
2 6
Page no #399
n2 1
12
ll-s 'n' -f Q- {]l*--MS ^l--]l =
100
x
-^l--]l VS$-MS: ^l--]l VS$-MS =

{]l*--MS ^l-]l/AMS-]l$-l-]l$ 100
n2 1
12
^l--]l VS$-M>--MS {]l*--$- Eyl-]l#.

yl$ Al-MSs GMS$P-]l l>-Z -MS-yl -- M-]l-y--MS ^l--]l VS$MS
yl-yl$-l$. ^l--]l VS$MS lMS$P]lV> E]l -l-Z >$- -- lMS$P-]l-V> Er$.
As B l-Z MSyl/-l GMS$P-]l.
G-MS: Br-V>$, -$-$, El-l$-$, MS-$ ll-O-]l s- G-MS ^l$-M---s yl$
A->-$ lt-Z E^l$-M--.
i) {-/-l: AMS-]l$-l-]l$ > M$-.
ii) ---MS-yl/-l: ^l--]l VS$-M>- E-*-W_ M--.
E: ]lVS$Y-$ B-r-V>-$ l]l$ _]l- 10 ]l*^l-Z ^l-]l $-VS$-- VS-r$- ]l$--V> 50, 48, 12.
$-VS$- {]l*--MS ^l---$ ]l$--V> 15, 12, 2 Il ]lVS$Y--Z fr$t-Z-MS JMS--l H lV>
GMS ^l^l$a.
]l*--]l: ll-s Br-V>-yl VS-r$ $-VS$--$ (50) Al- MSs VS-t. As ]lVS$Y--Z Al
{- l$$-V>Y E (1)
{]l*--MS ^l-]l
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
100
^l- - l]
VS$-MS
=
AMS-]l$-l-]l$
D *{l {M>-, ]lVS$Y-$ Br-V> ^l--]l VS$-M>-$ ]l$--V> =
15
12
2
100,
100,
100
50
48
12
= 30, 25, 16.666

As ^l--]l VS$-MS MS-tV> (16.66) E]l ]ly Br-V>-yl {-l--]l-Z -MS-yl GMPage
S$P--]l-Vno> #400
E
(2)
(1), (2) ]l$_ GMS$P-]l $-VS$--$ ^l ]lMS M>-s ll-s Br-V>-yl--; --MS-yl-V> Byl
]lMS M>-s ]ly Br--V>-yl- G-MS ^l-$-M--.
E: Cl-$ s--l$]l$ (A, B) l]l$ _]l- 5 ]l*^l-Z ^l-]l $-VS$--$ D lV> E-.
Il fr$t-Z-MS G]l-- G-MS -^l-*--?
50
10
]l*--]l: VS-r$ $-VS$-$ =

-l-l $-VS$-$/]l*-^l- Q
_]l- 5 - l] *-^l Z 'A' VS-r$ $-VS$-$
'B' VS-r$ $-VS$-$ =
100 + 120 + 5 + 5 + 10 240

=
= 48
5
5
40 + 50 + 60 + 40 + 50 240
=
= 48,
5
5
40, 50, 60, 40,

100, 120, 5,
5,
A
B
A, B Cl- VS-r$ $-VS$-$ ]l*-]l M>-st B C-l--Z -MS-yl-V> Byl Br-V>-yl- G-MS
^l*-. -MS-yl-]l$ M-]l-y---MS ^l--]l VS$-MS MS_a-l-Ol$. ll-s E----Z ]l$]l 'A'
{]l*--MS ^l--- MS]l$-V-.

'A' {]l*--MS ^l--]l = 7.48
^l--]l VS$-MS = {]l*MS ^l]l/ AMS]l$l]l$ 100
=
7.48
100 = 15.58 ___ (1)
48
'B' {]l*--MS ^l--]l
>$-$
--^l---$
(xn) (x x )
n
(x
--^l--- ]l>Y-$
100
100-48 = +52
2704
120
120-48 = +72
5184
5
5-48 = 43
1849
5
5-48 = 43
1849
10
10-48 = 38 1444
Page no #401
(x x ) = 13030
-O l- {]l*--MS ^l--]l =
2
(x
n
=
13030
= 2606 = 51.04
5
51.04
100
48
'B' ^l
- - l] VS$-MS =
= 106.33 ____ (2)
(1), (2) ]l$_ lMS$P-]l ^l--]l VS$-MS MSW-]l-r$]ls 'A' -MS-Oyl-]l Br-V>-yl$ A
^l^l$a. M>-st fr$t-Z-MS 'A']l$ G-MS ^l*-.
E: A, B Al Cl-$ -$--MS$ "6' -S-Z ]l-_a-]l ]l*$P-$ D -lV> E-.
A
B
73, 19, 63, 58, 43, 39

66, 42, 68, 48, 61, 69
Il i) G]l- {- l$$-V>Y E.
ii) G]l-$ -MS-Oyl-]l {- MS]l---^-$.
]l*--]l: i) -VS-r$ ]l*$P-$ =
ll ]l*$P-$/-S- Q
'A' VS-r$ ]l*$P-$
=
73 + 19 + 63 + 58 + 43 + 39 295
=
= 49.166
6
6
'B' VS-r$ ]l*$P-$

=
(x )
(y )
66 + 42 + 68 + 48 + 61 + 69 354
=
= 59
6
6
'A' MSs 'B' VS-r$ ]l*$P-$ A-MS M>-st 'B' {--- l$$-V>Y El- ^l^l$a.Page no #402
ii) {--Z- -MS-yl-]l$ M--s ^l--]l VS$-M>-$ MS]l$--MP--.
'A' {]l*--MS ^l--]l
>$-$ (xn) >$- ]l>Y-$ (x2n)
5329
361
3969
3364
1849
1521
73
19
63
58
43
39
2
n
= 16,393
x (x )
n
2
n
A - {-]l*--MS ^l--]l =
16393
2
(49.166 )
6
= 2732.166 2417.295
= 314.870 = 17.74
A - ^l--]l VS$-MS =
17.74
100 = 36.08
49.166
(1)
Cl l V> 'B' ^l--]l VS$-M>- MS]l$-MP--.
>$-$ (yn) >$- ]l>Y-$ (y2n)
66
42
68
4356
1764
4624
48
61
69
2304
3721
4761
Page no #403
2
n
= 21,530
D l- {]l*--MS ^l--]l =
2
n
21530
2
(59 )
6
= 3588.33 3481 = 107.333 =10.36
y (y )
n
B - ^l--]l VS$-MS =
10.36
100 = 17.56
59
(2)
(1), (2) ]l$_ 'B' ^l--]l VS$-MS lMS$P-]l M>--st 'A' MSs 'B' ---MS-Oyl-]l {- MS]l--$-
$--yl- ^l^l$a.
R]l*]l
Page no #404
]l$]l k ilZ yl QZ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9 Al AMS$ Es. Al$]l D Q]l$
l>]l*]lZ E A As$.
E:
]l$]l l ilZ yl A Q$.
HOl JMS Q l>]l*]lZ E A *_^s MS lV> >. (Decimal
System)
E:
(596)10 596(10).
O lV> M>MS$y MS]l "596' A > MS*y B Q l>]l*]lZ E]lr$ MSP.
R]l*]l:
"' As yl$ A A. R]l*]lZ ]l$]l "0', "1' Al yl$ AMS]l$ ]l*{ll$
yl. R]l*]lZ H Q A D yl$ AMS ]l*{ll$ Hyl$l$.
R]l*]l AM>s ]ll$V> "2' *]l$ A ^l$M.
"2' *$:
20 = 1 (H
QOMS *l $ Es $]l "1')
21 = 2
22 = 2 2 = 4
23 = 2 2 2 = 8
24 = 2 2 2 2 = 16
AVS 25 = 32
26 = 64,
27 = 128
28 = 256
29 = 512
210 = 1,024.
O $]l]l$ VS$$^l$M.
Page no #405
l>]l*]l ]l$_ R]l*]lZMS ]l*ayl:
Cyl$ l>]l*]lZ C_a]l JMS Q]l$ R]l*]lZMS ]l*ayll$V ^l*.
E:
(26)10]l$ R]l*]lZMS ]l*$a.
26
13 0
61
30
11
0 1
2
2
2
2
2
"26']l$ "2' W VS "13', "0' ]l $. MSP]l >>. "13']l$ ]l$ "2'

W VS "6', "1' ]l$. D lV> VS "0' ]l^lal]lMS$ "2' W*
. ]l_a]l ]l$ ("0' "1') MSP]l >*. Cyl$ ]l_a]l ]l$ MS ]l$_ OMS
>*. C > ]l$]lMS$ "11010' ]l$. Cl ]l$]lMS$ M>]l R]l* ]lZ Q.
As (26)10 = (11010)2
(11010)2 A > "11010' Al Q R]l*]lZ E]lr$ A . l 11010(2) A
MS*y >$]l^l$a.
E: (150)10 R]l*]lZMS ]l*ayl.
l]l:
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
21
0
150
75 0
37 1
18 1
9 0
4 1
2 0
0
1
]l_a]l ]l$ MS ]l$_ OMS > "10010110' Al Q ]l$.
Page no #406
(150)10 = (10010110)2
R]l*]l ]l$_ l>]l*]lZMS ]l*ayl:

Cyl$ R]l*]lZ C_a]l JMS Q]l$ l>]l*]lZMS ]l*ayl GV ^l*.
E:
(11010)2]l$ l>]l*]lZMS ]l*$a.
C_a]l Q 1 1 0 1 0
"2' *$ 16 8 4 2 1
"2' *]l$ 2 (=1) ll$st C_a]l QZ MS$ylOl# _]l AMS ]l$_ Gyl]l$Ol#
_]l AMS ]lMS$ MSl >$M. Cyl$ "1'Al AMS MSl Eyl Q]l$ MS. As
16 + 8 + 2 = 26 ]l $.
M>st ]l*]l "26' A A.
(11010)2 = (26)10
E:
(1011011)2]l$ l>]l*]lZMS ]l*ayl.
l]l:
C_a]l Q 1 0 110 1 1
"2' *$ 643216 8 4 2
64 + 16 + 8 + 2 + 1 = 91
]l*]l "91'
As (1011011)2 = (91)10
D lV> JMS Q]l$ R]l*]l ]l$_ l>]l*]lZMS l>]l*]l ]l$_
R]l*]lZMS ]l*a]l^l$a.
E:
MS R{Z R N^lyl.
0010, 0011, 0101, , 1011.
(HG, {VS*&1 l*yl )

l]l:
C_a]l {Z Q$ R]l*]lZ E. s l>]l*]lZMS ]l*
0 0 1 0, 0 0 1 1, 0 1 0 1, , 1 0 1 1
8 4 2 1, 8 4 2 1, 8 4 2 1, , 8 4 2 1
= 2, 2 + 1, 4 + 1, , 8 + 2 + 1
= 2, 3, 5, , 11
Page no #407
D { ]l$ {]l Q Hyl.

M>st RZ "7' Al {]l Q ]l$.
Cyl$ "7']l$ R]l*]lZMS ]l*>a.
2 7
2 31
2 11
01
(7)10 = (111)2
M> C_a]l {Z Q sZ]l* "4' AMS$ E. M>st ]l*]l "0111'

A]l#l$.
E:
MS R{Z R N^lyl.
10001, 10100, 10111, , 11101.
l]l:
C_a]l { l>]l*]lZMS ]l*
1 0 0 0 1, 1 0 1 0 0, 1 0 1 1 1, ,
16 8 4 2 1 16 8 4 2 1 16 8 4 2 1
11101
16 8 4 2 1
= 16 + 1, 16 + 4, 16 + 4 + 2 + 1, ,
16 + 8 + 4 + 1
= 17, 20, 23, , 29.
]ll$ QMS$ "3' MSl l>l Q ]l$.

RZ 23 + 3 = "26' ]l $.
"26' R]l*]lZMS ]l*
(HG, {VS*&1 2008 BVSt)
Page no #408
2
2
2
2
2
26
13
6
3
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
As (26)10 = (11010)2
]l*]l & "11010' A]l#l$.
{MSt MSal
1. "512']l$ R]l*]lZMS ]l*ayl.
2. (10101010)2]l$ l>]l*]lZMS ]l*ayl.
3. MS R{Z R]l$ N^lyl.
G) 00001, 00100, 01001, 10000, ____
) 0010 , 0100, 0110, , 1010
) 0001, 0011, 0101, , 1001
]l*$
1. 1000000000 (1 MSP]l "9'$$)
2. "170'
3. G) 11001
) 1000
) 0111

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