VITA All-Ceramics Systems

VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL

Directions for use Fabrication of the framework In the slip-casting technique

Date of issue: 09-05

Contents Aspects of materials science Assortment - VITA order no. Overview of working procedure Model fabrication Duplication Mixing special plaster/ die material Mixing the slip Applying the slip Notes on framework design Sintering firing Checking the fit of the restoration VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL OPTIMIZER Glass infiltration Glass control firing Processing times and mixing ratios Firing charts Safety advice

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VITA In-Ceram Classic Indications

Indication Material type VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL VITA In-Ceram Classic ALUMINA VITA In-Ceram Classic ZIRCONIA VITA In-Ceram 2000 AL-CUBES VITA In-Ceram 2000 YZ-CUBES

possible recommended VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL VITA All-Ceramics Systems Page 2

Aspects of Materials Science VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL

Dr. Norbert Thiel Bad Sckingen, Germany Spinell (MgAl204) is a natural mineral that is mainly found together with limestone and dolomite, sometimes also with granite or as loose sediment in sand. Spinell crystals are colourless or coloured, glassy, transparent or even opaque crystals with a cubic symmetry (fig. 1) which often reveals the tendency of twin formation. If the metal ions (Mg2+, Al3+) in a highly pure, colourless spinell are replaced by other metal ions, striking colour changes in the spinell can be observed: chromium ions create a red spinell colour, iron ions of different valences produce blue, brown or even green colour effects. Yet even yellow and pink spinell can be found quite often. Due to the different types of spinell that are found, the composition of natural spinells varies strongly. Therefore, for industrial purposes, spinell is produced synthetically. Originally, magnesium oxide and aluminium oxide were mixed in a ratio of 1:1 and transformed to spinell at temperatures above 1600C. Since this was a tricky process due to the high temperatures, nowadays other methods are used to synthetize spinell, e.g. by thermal decomposition of salt mixtures or by evaporation or decomposition of nitrides. Spinell ceramics feature some excellent material properties which are utilized in industrial applications. Accordingly, due to its high melting point (2135 C), its excellent stability - even at extreme temperatures
Fig. 1: Natural spinell crystallized in an octahedron.

and the low thermal conductivity - spinell is used as a refractory material, e.g. in the form of furnace lining or protective pipes for thermocouples. These properties as well as the fact that spinell is highly resistant to acids (fig. 1) contributed to the suitability of spinell as a material for corrosionresistant melting crucibles. The jewellery industry takes advantage of the good transparency - the glass lustre as well as the possibility of obtaining different colours by adding certain metal ions and produces synthetic stones from spinell. High stability (fig. 4), good chemical resistance, high translucency and low electric conductivity are properties which have turned spinell into an interesting material for dental technology - a field, in which not only the materials that are used, but also the aesthetic quality that has to be achieved with these materials must satisfy high standards. Up to now good results have been achieved in this field with the use of the In-Ceram Classic technique for which - in addition to the ALUMINA and ZIRCONIA POWDER, SPINELL POWDER is also used as a basis for the core material (fig. 2). This SPINELL POWDER has been matched to the proven In-Ceram Classic technique and the subsequent veneering process with VITA VM 7 fine-structure veneering ceramic. The colour of the originally white SPINELL POWDER is obtained as in the case of ALUMINA and ZIRCONIA POWDER by infiltrating with appropriate special coloured glasses (fig. 3).
Fig. 3: Glass-infiltrated structure of In-Ceram Classic SPINELL (magnification x 10,000)

Fig. 2: Porously sintered structure of In-Ceram Classic SPINELL (magnification x 10,000)

MPa 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 SP AL Classic AL 2000 ZR YZ

Fig. 4: 3-point bending strength of the VITA In-Ceram product family according to ISO 6872 VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL BLANKS VITA In-Ceram Classic ALUMINA BLANKS (AL Classic) VITA In-Ceram Classic ZIRCONIA BLANKS VITA In-Ceram 2000 AL CUBES (AL 2000) VITA In-Ceram 2000 YZ CUBES

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VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL is based on many years of clinical experience and features the following advantages: optimum aesthetics and excellent biocompatibility, i.e. no exposed metal margin good light transmission properties no retraction of the gingiva accurate marginal fit (Fig. 5) withstands high functional stress due to excellent physical values no thermal irritations on account of low thermal conductivity offers the possibility of non-adhesive seating radiolucent high degree of acceptance among the patients positive cost / benefit ratio (e.g. no additional costs for high-priced alloys) standardized working procedures for the dental technician expandable system clinical experience since 1989 Indications of VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL: Crown substructures, particularly for the anterior area in the case of younger patients, since In-Ceram Classic SPINELL is the most translucent material of the VITA In-Ceram product family. Substructures for inlays and onlays. VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL is not indicated in the following cases: If the functionally appropriate design of the restoration is not ensured. e.g. in the case of: insufficient hard tooth substance inadequate preparation results bruxism severe discoloration of prepared tooth
Prepared tooth

Flexural strength
MPa

900

600 500 400

Flexural strength [MPa] / Increasing translucency Overview of the different degrees of translucency and strength of the various VITA In-Ceram materials. In the case of VITA In-Ceram 2000 YZ the upper material sample was shaded with VITA COLORING LIQUID.

VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL crown in situ. Restorative work and photographs: M. Pflb, Meerbusch

VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL VITA All-Ceramics Systems

ZI RC IA ON

Increasing translucency

AL

YZ

L EL IN SP A IN UM AL

For information on preparation and cementation please refer to the booklet Clinical Aspects (order no. 808E).

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Assortment
VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL assortment in module box, complete Contents (also available separately): VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL GLASS POWDER S11, 25g VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL GLASS POWDER S12, 25g VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL GLASS POWDER S13, 25g VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL GLASS POWDER S14, 25g VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL POWDER, 200g VITA In-Ceram Classic Die Material for inlays/onlays 20 sachets of 15g VITA In-Ceram Classic Special Plster for crowns/bridges 20 sachets of 20g VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL Powder Liquid, 16 ampoules of 2.85 ml VITA In-Ceram Classic INSULATION GEL, 5g Duplicating rings, 28mm, 2 pcs Vakuum Mixing Beaker, incl. rubber stopper and glass tube Vacuum Mixing Beaker, glass only Spare plastic beaker with lid Pipette, gradations 1/10 ml Glass Spatula Brush no. IC3 Brush no. 1 Brush no. 3 Cartridge Superpolymer cartridge, set of 12 pcs Ice cube freezing bags, 5 pcs VITA In-Ceram Classic GLASS POWDER shade sample blade Working instructions

VITA order - no.:

HSORSV2

HS1125* HS1225 HS1325* HS1425* HSP200 HSSTN15 HGN20 HSPLN285 HIG5 B019 B130 B147 B099 B194 B056 B195 B085 B086 B196 B197 B198 B271IC 819E

* materials not included in the assortment

The VITA INCERAMAT as well as

The VITASONIC II ultrasonic unit belong to the VITA In-Ceram Classic introductory equipment

VITA VM 7 BASIC KIT, fine-structure ceramic for veneering VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL substructures.

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VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL working procedure:

Waiting times

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 8a. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 13a. 14.

Producing working model and master model Blocking out the working model Applying VITA In-Ceram Classic Interspace Varnish Duplicating Deflasking duplicating mould Manufacturing firing tray model Mixing and applying VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL POWDER 1st sintering firing in the VITA INCERAMAT 2nd sintering firing in the VITA INCERAMAT (crown only) Reworking sintered substructure Applying VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL GLASS POWDER Glass infiltration firing in the VITA INCERAMAT Removing / sandblasting excess glass 1st glass control firing in the VITA VACUMAT 2nd glass control firing in the VITA VACUMAT Veneering the substructure with VITA VM 7 approx. 10 min. approx. 10 min. approx. 36 min. approx. 10 hrs. approx. 3 hrs. Hardening 20 min. Hardening approx. 20 min. Recovery time at least 30 min. Hardening 2 hrs.

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Model fabrication Produce a model with removable dies from a high-quality, dimensionally stable model stone.

Also produce a second (unsectioned) master model for positioning, transferring and checking the restorations. Important: The preparation must fulfil the requirements for all-ceramic restorations. Please see booklet "Clinical Aspects", order no. 808E for notes on preparation and cementation.

Preparation for duplicating - blocking out Check the sawed die carefully. Block out defects and undercuts in the die.

Round off sharp edges on the basal surface of inlay preparations by blocking out slightly with wax.

Applying the interspace varnish VITA In-Ceram Classic Interspace Varnish must be applied to plaster dies in 2 - 3 coats (approx. 45 m). Epoxy or galvanized dies require 4 coats (approx. 60 m). The waiting time after each application is at least 5 minutes. After applying the last coat, wait 20 min.

Attention: Do not extend the interspace varnish over the shoulder! The safety advice for working with VITA In-Ceram Classic Interspace Varnish and Interspace Varnish Thinner must be heeded!

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Duplication Duplicate with an addition polymerizing silicone in a ratio of 1:1 using the dual impression technique or

using the pouring method with the help of a duplicating mould.

Deflasking After deflasking allow the finished impressions to harden for approx. 30 minutes according to the recovery time (depending on the duplicating material please adhere to the manufacturer's instructions).

Spray wetting agent (e.g. KKD Release Spray) onto the impression and allow the agent to take effect.

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Stirring the VITA In-Ceram Classic Special Plaster/Die Material Mixing ratio for the manufacture of crown copings: VITA In-Ceram Classic Special Plaster for crowns / bridges 20 g : 4.6 ml distilled water Inlays /onlays: distilled water 3.3 ml : 15 g VITA In-Ceram Classic Die Material for inlays /onlays Pour the required amount of distilled water into the mixing beaker. Then mix in the content by hand. Then stir the Special Plaster for 20 sec., (the Die Material for 40 sec.) mechanically under vacuum.

Note: Make sure the mixing unit is clean and dry. The processing time can be lengthened by adding chilled distilled water. Pour the plaster into the mould on the vibrator, avoiding the formation of bubbles. Deflasking - preparing for the application of the slip After filling the VITA In-Ceram Classic Special Plaster or VITA In-Ceram Classic Die Material into the special plaster mould, deflask after 2 hours.

Grinding the model dies smooth After deflasking, the base must be ground flat; during this models must be kept dry. Important: Any absorption of water by the hardened special plaster model must be avoided. Water absorption has a negative effect on the expansion behaviour.

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Marking the preparation margin Mark the preparation margin with a colour superpolymer cartridge.

Manufacturing inlays/onlays Applying VITA In-Ceram Classic INSULATION GEL After deflasking the working die, apply the VITA In-Ceram Classic INSULATION GEL thinly to the die with a brush, extending over the preparation margin. After only 10 min. drying time, the slip can now be applied.

Preparing the slip Weigh out exactly 13.5 g of VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL POWDER.

Pour 1 ampoule of VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL POWDER Liquid into the glass beaker. Place the glass beaker on a vibrator and spatulate the 13.5 g of VITA In-Ceram SPINELL Powder slowly into the liquid in several small portions. Mixing must be interrupted at least 3 times in order to place the glass beaker into chilled water in the VITASONIC II ultrasonic unit for 2 minutes each time.

Important: The water in the VITASONIC must be chilled with ice-cubes.

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After the entire powder has been added, place the glass beaker in the VITASONIC II ultrasonic unit for 4 minutes. Note: After mixing, the slip must exhibit a homogeneous consistency.

The mixture is then evacuated for 1 min. (e.g. with a vacuum investment unit). Attention: During evacuation wear protective goggles and wrap the glass beaker in a cloth. Only undamaged beakers must be used.

Pouring the slip into a plastic mixing cup Pour the mixed slip from the glass beaker into the enclosed plastic mixing cup. Note: The slip which has been filled into a plastic beaker has only a very limited shelf life; therefore it should also be placed into chilled water.

Applying the slip The entire surface of the die / cavity must be coated with the mixed SPINELL slip.

Note: Proceed rapidly when building up the remaining slip. Do not interrupt this processo that drying out of the layers that have already been built up is prevented ('onion-skin' effect!)

Framework design: Crown copings must be designed in such a way that they correspond on a reduced scale to the form of the tooth to be replaced. Incisal wall thickness 0.7 mm Circumferential wall thickness 0.5 mm In the case of inlays and onlays a somewhat thicker layer of slip must be applied to the areas more liable to fracture (e.g. in the isthmus).

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Carefully expose the preparation margin using a scalpel until the marking can be seen (if required, use a microscope).

Note: The ultimate designing of the framework does not take place until after sintering. 1st sintering firing for crown copings in the VITA INCERAMAT
Time 1 h: min. 6:00 Time 2 h: min. 0:00 Time 3 h: min. 2:00 Time 4 h: min. 2:00 Temp. 1 Temp. 2

approx. C approx. C 120 1120

After the first sintering firing allow the furnace to cool down to 500 C and then open the furnace door. The sintered crown coping can be removed from the special plaster model easily on account of the firing shrinkage of the special plaster model.

2nd sintering firing for crown copings in the VITA INCERAMAT Remove the sintered substructure from the plaster die, place onto the firing supports lined with a thin layer of fibrous pad and carry out the second sintering firing as follows:

Time 1 h: min. 0:00

Time 2 h: min. 0:00

Time 3 h: min. 1:00

Time 4 h: min. 2:00

Temp. 1

Temp. 2

approx. C approx. C 120 1180

Sintering firing for inlay-/ onlay substructures in the VITA INCERAMAT

Time 1 h: min. 0:00 Time 2 h: min. 0:00 Time 3 h: min. 2:00 Time 4 h: min. 2:00 Temp. 1 Temp. 2

approx. C approx. C 120 1180

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Sintered inlay-/onlay shell If the inlay shell cannot be removed by tapping lightly, the die material must be removed very carefully using a scalpel.

Attention: The sintered inlay/onlay shell is liable to fracture! Checking the fit of the restoration on the working model Before continuing work on the working model, remove the interspace varnish. In order to check the accuracy of fit, carefully place the sintered substructure on the working model again. Do not exert pressure.

Check the fit (e.g. mark die with lipstick).

Adjust contours and functioning by grinding slightly. It is recommended to use fine-grained diamond instruments, rotating at a low speed and exerting minimum pressure. Note: Be careful in the marginal area, use very fine-grained diamonds or rubber discs!

Important: Due to dust formation when grinding sintered dental ceramic products, always wear a face mask or grind in a wet condition. Work behind a safety shield and use a suction unit.

Important: Contours and functioning must be controlled now and - if required adjusted, since no further adjustments can be performed after the glass infiltration firing. Small defective spots in the marginal area can now be filled up with VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL OPTIMIZER:
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VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL OPTIMIZER The VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL OPTIMIZER is a mixture of MgAl2O4 powder and wax and is used to optimize margins in VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL substructures. I. Repairing small defective spots in the marginal area: Apply plaster/ wax separating agent onto the die and blow completely dry. Take up VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL OPTIMIZER with an electric wax knife and apply to the crown or bridge margin. The temperature must be adjusted so that the mixture becomes sufficiently liquid and the wax, however, will not evaporate. Remove excess wax with a paper handkerchief and the hot wax knife. Reduce excess VITA In-Ceram SPINELL OPTIMIZER Remove the substructure from the die. Place the substructure on the model again and check the VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL OPTIMIZER that has been applied.

II. Sintering Fix the substructure on a platinum rod or place it on a fibrous pad firing support in such a way that the VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL OPTIMIZER will not come into contact with it. Sintering firing in the VITA VACUMAT
Pre-drying C 200 approx. Temp.C 1140 VAC min. 0.00

min. 10.00

min. 12.00

C/min. 78

min. 40.00

Checking the fit of the restoration on the working model.

Material testing Important: Remove grinding dust from the substructures. Check the sintered substructures for possible micro-cracks using the VITA In-Ceram Classic Testing Fluid. Should a micro-crack be found, manufacture the substructures once again. Note: The crown on the left is ok. The crown on the right must be manufactured once again.

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Determination table for VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL GLASS POWDER VITA SYSTEM 3D-MASTER/ VITAVM7 S12 is recommended for all shades. VITAPAN classical/ VITADUR ALPHA S11, S12 for lighter shades. S13, S14 for yellowish/brownish shades. Mix the desired VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL GLASS POWDER with distilled water to obtain a thin consistency. Apply 1- 2 rich coats with a thickness of 1- 2 mm using a brush only to the surfaces of the sintered substructure to be veneered. The margin of the crown must not be coated. Note: The glass should be applied sparingly in a sufficiently moist condition (approx. 45 % of the weight of the glass in relation to the sintered substructure) so that as little material as possible has to be removed by sandblasting. Glass infiltration firing in the VITA VACUMAT Place the coated crown copings on platinum pins in the VITA firing tray W. Make sure that the crown margins do not come into contact with the platinum pin in order to prevent the glass from penetrating into the interior of the crown. Place the inlay/onlay shell on a piece of fibrous pad on a firing tray W for the infiltration firing and carry out the infiltration firing as follows: Glass infiltration firing in the VITA VACUMAT
Pre-drying C 600 approx. Temp.C 1130 VAC min. 21.00

min. 4.00

min. 12.00

C/min. 44

min. 20.00

Attention: In the case of incomplete infiltration if chalk-like areas can be observed the infiltration process must be repeated.

For crown copings apply the GLASS POWDER from the outside to the areas which have not been infiltrated.

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Removing excess glass Remove the excess glass with a coarse-grained diamond instrument or HEATLESS abrasive almost down to the substructure surface. Sandblast residual material with 50 m Al 2O3 at a maximum pressure of 3.0 bar. Note: Caution in the marginal areas! Reduce pressure! Final control on the master model. Attention: The glass dust consists of sharp particles! Always wear protective glasses and a face-mask, use an extraction unit and work behind a safety screen. Glass control firing Place the substructure on a fibrous pad firing support on the VITA firing support W and carry out the glass control firing as follows: Glass control firing in the VITA VACUMAT
Pre-drying C 600 approx. Temp.C 1000 VAC min. 0.00

min. 0.00

min. 5.00

C/min. 80

min. 5.00

Finishing After the glass control firing, sandblast the crown with 50 m Al 2O3 at a maximum pressure of 3 bar. Important: At least 2 glass control firings must be carried out. The last firing before veneering must be a glass control firing. Finished VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL substructures on the model.

Then veneer with VITA VM 7 according to the working instructions 1110E.

Important: The unveneered areas of the substructure must be sealed with glaze.

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Processing times and mixing ratios in the VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL technique
Hardening of the interspace varnish: approx. 5 minutes after each application Final hardening approx. 20 min. Hardening of the duplicating material: Heavy body: 10 min. Light body: 15 min. Recovery time of the silicone duplicating material: at least 30 min. depending on the manufacturers instructions

For crown copings:

Mixing ratio for special plaster: 20 g /4.6 ml distilled water

For inlay/onlay substructures:

Mixing ratio for die material: 15 g / 3.3 ml distilled water Mixing the die material: approx. 20 sec. Hardening of the special plaster in the duplicate mould: 2 hrs

For inlay- / onlay substructures:

Waiting time after applying INSULATION GEL: 10 min. Mixing ratio of the slip: 13.5 g SPINELL Powder/ 1 ampoule SPINELL POWDER Liquid Mixing the slip in the (ice-) chilled VITASONIC II: 2 min., 2 min., 2 min., 4 min. under vacuum: 1 min.

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VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL firing charts

Important: We urgently recommend the use of ceramic furnaces in which no alloys are fired (risk of contamination). 1st sintering firing of crown copings in the VITA INCERAMAT
Time 1 h: min. 6:00 Time 2 h: min. 0:00 Time 3 h: min. 2:00 Time 4 h: min. 2:00 Temp. 1 Temp. 2

approx. C approx. C 120 1120

2nd sintering firing of crown copings in the VITA INCERAMAT For the second sintering firing place the crown coping on a firing support W lined with a thin layer of fibrous pad and carry out the second sintering firing.
Time 1 h: min. 0:00 Time 2 h: min. 0:00 Time 3 h: min. 1:00 Time 4 h: min. 2:00 Temp. 1 Temp. 2

approx. C approx. C 120 1180

Sintering firing of inlay/onlay substructures in the VITA INCERAMAT

Time 1 h: min. 0:00 Time 2 h: min. 0:00 Time 3 h: min. 2:00 Time 4 h: min. 2:00 Temp. 1 Temp. 2

approx. C approx. C 120 1180

Sintering firing of OPTIMIZER in the VITA VACUMAT

Pre-drying C 200 Temp. approx. C 1140 VAC min. 0.00

min. 10.00

min. 12.00

C/min. 78

min. 40.00

Glass infiltration firing in the VITA VACUMAT

Pre-drying C 600 Temp. approx. C 1130 VAC min. 21.00

min. 4.00

min. 12.00

C/min. 44

min. 20.00

Glass control firing in the VITA VACUMAT

Pre-drying C 600 Temp. approx. C 1000 VAC min. 0.00

min. 0.00

min. 5.00

C/min. 80

min. 5.00

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VITA Zahnfabrik is certified according to the Guideline on Medical Devices and the following products bear the CE mark

VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL POWDER VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL GLASS POWDER VITA In-Ceram Classic SPINELL OPTIMIZER VITAVM 7

The following products of the VITA In-Ceram system are subject to obligatory labelling. VITA In-Ceram Classic Testing Liquid

highly flammable

VITA In-Ceram Classic Interspace Varnish VITA In-Ceram Classic Interspace Varnish Thinner

hazardous to health, highly flammable, irritating to eyes. Avoid contact with skin and eyes, use an extraction unit.

Please see the material safety data sheets for further details!

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With the unique VITA SYSTEM 3D-MASTER all natural tooth shades are systematically determined and completely reproduced. The VITA In-Ceram All-Ceramics materials are integrated into the VITA SYSTEM 3D-MASTER. Shade compatibility with all other VITA materials is guaranteed.

Please note: Our products should be used according to the working instructions. We cannot be held liable for damages resulting from incorrect handling or usage. The user is furthermore obliged to check the product before use with regard to its suitability for the intended area of applications. We cannot accept any liability if the product is used in conjunction with materials and equipment from other manufacturers which are not compatible or not authorized for use with our product. Furthermore, our liability for the correctness of this information is independent of the legal ground and, in as far as legally permissible, is limited to the invoiced value of the goods supplied excluding turnover tax. In particular, as far as legally permissible, we do not assume any liability for profit loss, for indirect damages, for consequential damages or for claims of third parties against the purchaser. Claims for damages based on fault liability (fault in making the contract, breach of contract, unlawful acts, etc.) can only be made in the case of intent or gross negligence. Date of issue of these instructions for use: 09-05 This is the currently valid issue of these working instructions. All previous issues are hereby rendered invalid.
819E - 0905 (1.) Si

VITA Zahnfabrik H. Rauter GmbH & Co. KG Postfach 1338 D-79704 Bad Sckingen . Germany Tel. + 49/ 7761/562-222 Fax + 49/ 7761/562 - 299 www.vita-zahnfabrik.com info@vita-zahnfabrik.com