Mobile Sniffer Cum Jammer With Alerting System

MOBILE SNIFFER CUM JAMMER WITH ALERTING SYSTEM
A Dissertation Submitted to
P.E.S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MANDYA

(An Autonomous Institution under Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum)
In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the Degree
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Submitted by V. LALROTLUANGA [USN 4PS05EC055] LALTANPUIA [USN 4PS07EC024] L.T.L. FELA KHIANGTE [USN 4PS08EC027] LALSAWMLIANI [USN 4PS08EC028] Under the guidance of Dr. K.N.MURALIDHARA B.E, M.E, Ph.D
Professor and Head of Department Dept of Electronics and Communication Engineering P.E.S College of Engineering, Mandya-571401,KARNATAKA. 2011-2012
P.E.S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING MANDYA-571401

(An Autonomous Institution Affiliated to VTU, Belgaum) DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that V. LALROTLUANGA LALTANPUIA L.T.L. FELA KHIANGTE LALSAWMLIANI FANCHUN 4PS05EC055 4PS07EC024 4PS08EC027 4PS08EC028
have satisfactorily completed the dissertation work entitled Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system in partial fulfillment for the award of degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and Communication Engineering of P.E.S. College of Engineering, Mandya, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum during the year 2011-2012.It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated in internal assessment have been incorporated in the report deposited in the Library. The Project has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of project work prescribed for the degree in Bachelor of Engineering.
Dr. K.N. Muralidhara Guide, Professor and Head Department of E & C Engineering P.E.S College of Engineering Mandya
Dr.V.SRIDHAR Principal P.E.S College of Engineering Mandya
Project Work Viva Voce Examination Sl.No. Name 1. 2. Examiners Signature Date
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives immense satisfaction and great pride to present our project report on Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system. At this point of time, we would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to the person who helped make this a success.
First and foremost, we would like to thank God our Father, for the strength and guide He bestowed upon us.
We sincerely thank our guide, Dr K.N. Muralidhara, Head of the Department of the Electronics and Communication Engineering, Department, PESCE, for providing us assistance, continued support and valuable information during the course.
We express sincere thanks to Dr. V. Sridhar, Principal P.E.S. College of Engineering, Mandya for providing excellent and technically sound environment.
We also would like to thank our parents and friends for their support and motivation.
V. Lalrotluanga Laltanpuia L.T.L. Fela Khiangte Lalsawmliani Fanchun
SYNOPSIS
Mobile jammer is used to prevent mobile phones from receiving or transmitting signals with the base stations. Mobile jammers effectively disable mobile phones within the defined regulated zones without causing any interference to other communication means. Mobile jammers can be used in practically any location, but are used in places where a phone call would be particularly disruptive like Temples, Libraries, Hospitals, Cinema halls, schools and colleges etc.
As with other radio jamming, mobile jammers block mobile phone use by sending out radio waves along the same frequencies that mobile phones use. This causes enough interference with the communication between mobile phones and communicating towers to render the phones unusable. Upon activating mobile jammers, all mobile phones will indicate "NO NETWORK". Incoming calls are blocked as if the mobile phone were off. When the mobile jammers are turned off, all mobile phones will automatically reestablish communications and provide full service.
Mobile Jammers were originally developed for law enforcement and the military to interrupt communications by criminals and terrorists to foil the use of certain remotely detonated explosives. The civilian applications were apparent with growing public resentment over usage of mobile phones in public areas on the rise & reckless invasion of privacy. Over time many companies originally contracted to design mobile jammers for government switched over to sell these devices to private entities.
In this project, we are controlling this mobile jammer by means of a microcontroller. The activation and deactivation time schedules can be programmed with microcontroller. This project uses regulated 5V, 500mA power supply. Unregulated 12V DC is used for relay. 7805 three terminal voltage regulator is used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac output of secondary of 230/12V step down transformer.
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Contents
Chapter 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 Chapter 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Chapter 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 Chapter 4 4.1 Introduction Introduction Introduction to Project Organization of the report Mobile Sniffer Introduction to Mobile Sniffer RF level from mobile phones Mobile Detector circuit Conclusions GSM Modem Introduction to GSM Product concept Conclusions Microcontroller and LCD Introduction to Microcontroller 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 4.1.5 4.1.6 4.1.7 4.2 Description Block diagram of Microcontroller Pin details Basic Registers Central Processing Unit Timers/Counters Serial Ports
page no.
1 1 1 2 5 5 5 6 8 9 9 11 12 13 13 13 17 18 21 23 23 24 25 25 26 27 27 28 28 29
III
Introduction to LCD 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.2.5 4.2.6 Handling the EN control line Checking the busy status of the LCD Initializing the LCD Clearing the display Writing text to the LCD Cursor positioning
4.3
Conclusions
Chapter 5 5.1
Relay and Switch Introduction to Relay 5.1.1 5.1.2 Construction for Relay Applications of Relay
30 30 30 31 32 33 34 34 35 35 36 37 37 37 37 38 39 39 40 40 41 41 45 54 57 60 62 63 64 65 66
IV
5.2 5.3 Chapter 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5
Switch Conclusions Cell phone jamming device Introduction to Jamming device Mini portable jammer Cell phone jamming basics Cell phone jamming device Inside the Cell phone jammer 6.5.1 6.5.2 6.5.3 Antenna Circuitry Power Supply
6.6 6.7 6.8 Chapter 7 7.1 7.2
Applications of Cell phone jammer Design Features Conclusions Keil and Flash Magic Software Introduction to Keil Software Programs 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 LCD code Main code Serial Communication code
7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 Chapter 8
Evaluation of Keil Software Introduction to Flash Magic Features Applications Results Bibliography Appendix
Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
Cell phones are everywhere these days. According to the Cellular Telecommunications and Internet Association, almost 195 million people in the United States had cell-phone service in October 2005. And cell phones are even more ubiquitous in Europe. It's great to be able to call anyone at any time. Unfortunately, restaurants, movie theaters, concerts, shopping malls and churches all suffer from the spread of cell phones because not all cell-phone users know when to stop talking. Who hasn't seethed through one side of a conversation about an incredibly personal situation as the talker shares intimate details with his friend as well as everyone else in the area. While most of the people just grumble and move on, some people are actually going to extremes to retaliate. Cell phones are basically handheld two-way radios. And like any radio, the signal can be disrupted, or jammed.
1.2
Introduction to Project
In this project the mobile signal which is existing in the covered area of the antenna, is caught by the mobile sniffer and the mobile jammer than jams the signal after the mobile sniffer sends high signal to the GSM modem and then to the jammer. The process will be explain in details in the following chapters. The rapid proliferation of cell phones at the beginning of the 21st century to near ubiquitous status eventually raised problems, such as their potential use to invade privacy or contribute to academic cheating. While older analog cell phones often suffered from poor reception and could even be disconnected by simple interference such as high frequency noise, increasingly sophisticated digital phones have led to more elaborate counters. Cell phone jamming devices are an alternative to more expensive measures against cell phones, such as Faraday cages. They were originally developed for law enforcement and the military to interrupt communications by criminals and terrorists. Some were also designed to foil the use of certain remotely detonated explosives. The civilian applications were apparent, so over time many companies originally contracted to design jammers for government use switched over to sell these devices to private entities.
E&C Dept. P.E.S.C.E.
Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system Since then, there has been a slow but steady increase in their purchase and use, especially in major metropolitan areas. The whole working process will be explained in brief in this part of the report. First consider the block diagram of the whole process as given below.
Fig. 1.1: Block diagram of Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer
1.3
Organization of the report
Chapter 2 describes about the Sniffer or the mobile detector is crucial part of the whole system, without which the project is useless. The Sniffer detects the mobile signal appearing inside its range, and sends a signal to the Microcontroller on detecting it, through port p1.0 of the microcontroller. The Sniffer consists of, i. An antenna to detect the signal, which is connected with two 22F ceramic capacitors which makes it act like an inductor. ii. When signal is detected than a small current is send through the 0.22F capacitor which is used for charging and discharging process. Than this capacitor on discharging sends the small signal current to the CA3130 operational amplifier, where the low signal is converted a high current signal. iii. The output from the CA3130 op-amp is than again pass through the BC 547 transistor which is interconnected with resistance to make the signal much stronger, than after making a much higher current signal than it pass the signal to the microcontroller.
Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system Chapter 3 provides the description for the GSM Modem. Upon receiving the signal from the mobile sniffer the microcontroller automatically sends signal to the GSM modem which is connected through port P3.0 and port P3.1 which are the RxD and TxD ports respectively. The GSM than sends sms message to the master cell phone which is registered in the flash memory of the microcontroller alerting that the sniffer has detected a cell phone signal inside its range. The GSM modem is itself a cell phone and consist of all the part that is contained in an ordinary cell phone. Chapter 4 describes the Microcontroller and the LCD. The Microcontroller is the heart of the whole system. The microcontroller used here is AT89S52. All the parts and components of the circuit are interconnected with the microcontroller. It is in the microcontroller where the coding is stored. A programmer writes a program to run the system in Keil Software using some assembly language or some other language, in this project C-programming is used due to its universality and versatility. After the program is done it is converted to a hexadecimal file by Flash Magic software, which is then burned to the Microcontroller. The microcontroller is also connected to a tank circuit, which generates 12 MHz frequency which is needed by the microcontroller. The LCD is connected from the power supply through the reset button and a capacitor to control the functions of the LCD. The LCD displays the state of the circuit, in which state it is, whether it is performing a task etc. For example while the starting it displays Connecting System. Chapter 5 is about the Relay. After the GSM modem alerts the master cell phone, the microcontroller than turns on the Relay which is connected to port P2.0 of the microcontroller. A relay is an electrically operated switch which allows switching from one circuit to another circuit leaving the first circuit. As mentioned earlier the Relay operates on 12v current because the coil of the relay passes relatively large current. Than at this project the relay switch the process from the above mentioned processes to the Jammer circuit. In other words the Relay is used to turn on the Jammer. The Relay consist of, i. From the microcontroller port two or three resistors are connected which is interconnected to the LED lamp, to display the flow of the current. ii. Than it is connected to two BC 547 transistors which are connected in Darlington connections to get high collector gain.
Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system iii. The 12v current is then made to pass through the coil of the relay through its pin 1 and the other side of the coil i.e. pin 2 is grounded. Across these two pins a diode is connected. iv. At pin 3 lies the jockey of the relay and pin 5 is normally closed. When current is passed through the relay the normally closed pin 5 is open and the normally open pin 4 is than closed, thus switching the process to the Jammer. Chapter 6 explains the Jammer in details. The Jammer is another crucial part of the project at the end part of the process of the project. The Jammer as its name suggest jams the signal of the detected signal and other signals appearing in its range. The circuit of such devices are predefined and manufactured by some designated companies and makes it impossible for common man to explain or work with the circuit definitions. Chapter 7 is of the Result and Conclusions. The Result gives the working results of the whole project and the Conclusions briefs the what the system working and applications. After these chapters, the Reference, Appendix and Datasheets follows the reports.
Chapter 2 MOBILE SNIFFER

2.1 Introduction to Mobile Sniffer
The soul purpose of the circuit/sniffer/detector is to detect unauthorized use of Mobile phones in restricted areas such as examination halls, confidential rooms, Mobile banned areas etc. The circuit can detect the RF radiation from the Mobile phone (even in the silent mode) which is used to detect the phone use. It detects incoming. Outgoing calls, SMS, Video, Snapping etc. There is RF radiations in the atmosphere due the operation of many electronic devices, Radio and Telecommunication devices. The RF level may change if a communication system generates very high frequency RF signals during its operation. The circuit can compare the normal RF in the room as well as the strong RF emitted by the Mobile phone.
2.2
RF level from Mobile phone
Mobile phone uses 2.5 GHz RF signals in the Microwave range for two way communications. The GHz signals are very strong which can go through the air without any disturbance. If GHz signals come in the air, it will supersede all other low frequency RF available. So it is easy to detect the variation in the RF levels in the room in the normal state as well as during mobile activation. Mobile phone uses RF with a wavelength of 30cm at 872 to 2170 MHz. That is the signal is high frequency with huge energy. When the mobile phone is active, it transmits the signal in the form of sine wave which passes through the space. The encoded audio/video signal contains electromagnetic radiation which is picked up by the receiver in the base station. Mobile phone system is referred to as Cellular Telephone system because the coverage area is divided into cells each of which has a base station. The transmitter power of the modern 2G antenna in the base station is 20-100 watts.
When a GSM (Global System of Mobile communication) digital phone is transmitting, the signal is time shared with 7 other users. That is at any one second, each of the 8 users on the same frequency is allotted 1/8 of the time and the signal is reconstituted by the receiver to form the speech. Peak power output of a mobile phone corresponds to 2 watts with an average of 250 milli watts of continuous power. Each handset with in a cell is
Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system allotted a particular frequency for its use. The mobile phone transmits short signals at regular intervals to register its availability to the nearest base station. The network data base stores the information transmitted by the mobile phone. If the mobile phone moves from one cell to another, it will keep the connection with the base station having strongest transmission. Mobile phone always tries to make connection with the available base station. That is why, the back light of the phone turns on intermittently while traveling. This will cause severe battery drain. So in long journeys, battery will flat with in a few hours.
AM Radio uses frequencies between 180 kHz and 1.6 MHz .FM radio uses 88 to 180 MHz .TV uses 470 to 854 MHz .Waves at higher frequencies but within the RF region is called Micro waves.
2.3
Mobile Detector Circuit
Fig. 2.1: Mobile detector This small mobile transmission detector can sense the presence of an activated mobile phone from a distance of one meter. So it can be used to prevent use of mobile phones in examination halls, confidential rooms, etc. It is also useful for detecting the use of mobile phone for spying and unauthorised video transmission. The circuit can detect both the incoming and outgoing calls, SMS and video transmission even if the mobile phone is kept in the silent mode. The moment the bug detects RF transmission signal from an activated mobile phone, it starts sounding a beep alarm and the LED blinks. The alarm continues until the signal transmission ceases. An ordinary RF detector using tuned LC circuits is not suitable for detecting signals in the GHz frequency band used in mobile
Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system phones. The transmission frequency of mobile phones ranges from 0.9 to 3 GHz with a wavelength of 3.3 to 10 cm. So a circuit detecting gigahertz signals is required for a mobile bug. Here the circuit uses a 0.22F disk capacitor (C3) to capture the RF signals from the mobile phone. The lead length of the capacitor is fixed as 18 mm with a spacing of 8 mm between the leads to get the desired frequency. The disk capacitor along with the leads acts as a small gigahertz loop antenna to collect the RF signals from the mobile phone. Op-amp IC CA3130 (IC1) is used in the circuit as a current-to-voltage converter with capacitor C3 connected between its inverting and non-inverting inputs. It is a CMOS version using gate-protected p-channel MOSFET transistors in the input to provide very high input impedance, very low input current and very high speed of performance. The output CMOS transistor is capable of swinging the output voltage to within 10 mV of either supply voltage terminal. Capacitor C3 in conjunction with the lead inductance acts as a transmission line that intercepts the signals from the mobile phone. This capacitor creates a field, stores energy and transfers the stored energy in the form of minute current to the inputs of IC1. This will upset the balanced input of IC1 and convert the current into the corresponding output voltage. Capacitor C4 along with high-value resistor R1 keeps the non-inverting input stable for easy swing of the output to high state. Resistor R2 provides the discharge path for capacitor C4. Feedback resistor R3 makes the inverting input high when the output becomes high. Capacitor C5 (47pF) is connected across strobe (pin 8) and null inputs (pin 1) of IC1 for phase compensation and gain control to optimise the frequency response. When the mobile phone signal is detected by C3, the output of IC1 becomes high and low alternately according to the frequency of the signal as indicated by LED1. This triggers monostable timer IC2 through capacitor C7. Capacitor C6 maintains the base bias of transistor T1 for fast switching action. The lowvalue timing components R6 and C9 produce very short time delay to avoid audio nuisance. Assemble the circuit on a general purpose PCB as compact as possible and enclose in a small box like junk mobile case. As mentioned earlier, capacitor C3 should have a lead length of 18 mm with lead spacing of 8 mm. carefully solder the capacitor in standing position with equal spacing of the leads. The response can be optimised by trimming the lead length of C3 for the desired frequency. You may use a short telescopic type antenna. Use the miniature 12V battery of a remote control and a small buzzer to make the gadget pocket-size. The unit will give the warning indication if someone uses mobile phone within a radius of 1.5 metres.
2.4
Conclusions
In this chapter we have discussed about how the mobile detector detects the mobile signal which exists around its range. The working of the Mobile Sniffer has been explained in details along with the detector circuit diagrams and necessary information. In the next chapter we will be discussing about the GSM Modem, how it works and send message to the master cell phone after the mobile sniffer detects mobile signals.
Chapter 3 GSM MODEM

3.1 Introduction to GSM
A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM card, and operates over a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone. From the mobile operator perspective, a GSM modem looks just like a mobile phone. When a GSM modem is connected to a computer, this allows the computer to use the GSM modem to communicate over the mobile network. While these GSM modems are most frequently used to provide mobile internet connectivity, many of them can also be used for sending and receiving SMS and MMS messages.
A GSM modem can be a dedicated modem device with a serial, USB or Bluetooth connection, or it can be a mobile phone that provides GSM modem capabilities. A GSM modem exposes an interface that allows applications such as Now SMS to send and receive messages over the modem interface. The mobile operator charges for this message sending and receiving as if it was performed directly on a mobile phone. To perform these tasks, a GSM modem must support an extended AT command set for sending/receiving SMS messages, as defined in the ETSI GSM 07.05 and and 3GPP TS 27.005 specifications. A GSM modem can be a dedicated modem device with a serial, USB or Bluetooth connection, such as the Falcom Samba 75 used in this document. (Other manufacturers of dedicated GSM modem devices include Wavecom, Multitech and iTegno.) To begin, insert a GSM SIM card into the modem and connect it to an available USB port on your computer. A GSM modem could also be a standard GSM mobile phone with the appropriate cable and software driver to connect to a serial port or USB port on your computer. Any phone that supports the extended AT command set for sending/receiving SMS messages, as defined in ETSI GSM 07.05 and/or 3GPP TS 27.005, can be supported by the Now SMS & MMS Gateway. Note that not all mobile phones support this modem interface.
Fig. 3.1: GSM modem
Due to some compatibility issues that can exist with mobile phones, using a dedicated GSM modem is usually preferable to a GSM mobile phone. This is more of an issue with MMS messaging, where if you wish to be able to receive inbound MMS messages with the gateway, the modem interface on most GSM phones will only allow you to send MMS messages. This is because the mobile phone automatically processes received MMS message notifications without forwarding them via the modem interface. It should also be noted that not all phones support the modem interface for sending and receiving SMS messages. In particular, most smart phones, including Blackberries, iPhone, and Windows Mobile devices, do not support this GSM modem interface for sending and receiving SMS messages at all at all. Additionally, Nokia phones that use the S60 (Series 60) interface, which is Symbian based, only support sending SMS messages via the modem interface, and do not support receiving SMS via the modem interface.
This document describes the hardware interface of the SIMCOM SIM300 module that connects to the specific application and the air interface. As SIM300 can be integrated with a wide range of applications, all functional components of SIM300 are described in great detail. This document can help you quickly understand SIM300 interface specifications, electrical and mechanical details. With the help of this document and other SIM300 application notes, user guide, you can use SIM300 module to design and set-up mobile applications quickly.
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3.2
Product concept
Designed for global market, SIM300 is a Tri-band GSM/GPRS engine that works on frequencies EGSM 900 MHz, DCS 1800 MHz and PCS1900 MHz SIM300 provides GPRS multi-slot class 10 capabilities and support the GPRS coding schemes CS-1, CS-2, CS-3 and CS-4. With a tiny configuration of 40mm x 33mm x 2.85 mm, SIM300 can fit almost all the space requirement in your application, such as Smart phone, PDA phone and other mobile device. The physical interface to the mobile application is made through a 60 pins board-to-board connector, which provides all hardware interfaces between the module and customers boards except the RF antenna interface.
i.
The keypad and SPI LCD interface will give you the flexibility to develop customized applications.
ii. iii.
Two serial ports can help you easily develop your applications. Two audio channels include two microphones inputs and two speaker outputs. This can be easily configured by AT command.
SIM300 provide RF antenna interface with two alternatives: antenna connector and antenna pad. The antenna connector is MURATA MM9329-2700. And customers antenna can be soldered to the antenna pad. The SIM300 is designed with power saving technique, the current consumption to as low as 2.5mA in SLEEP mode. The SIM300 is integrated with the TCP/IP protocolExtended TCP/IP AT commands are developed for customers to use the TCP/IP protocol easily, which is very useful for those data transfer applications.
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3.3
Conclusions
We have progressed to the working of the GSM Modem and roughly completed the working and functions of it. How it works as a modem and that it is actually a mobile phone itself and has all the components posses by the mobile phone. In the coming up chapter we will be discussing how this chapter and the former chapter are interfaced with the microcontroller, thus the next chapter deals with the Microcontroller and the LCD.
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Chapter 4 MICROCONTROLLER AND LCD

4.1 Introduction to Microcontroller
Microcontroller utilize in this project is Microcontroller AT89S52. A microcontroller is a general purpose device that is mean to read data perform limited calculations on that data and control its environment based on those calculations. The prime use of a microcontroller is to control the operation of a machine using a fixed program that is stored in ROM and that does not change over the life time of the system. The design of a microcontroller incorporates all the features found in a microprocessor CPU: ALU, PC, SP and registers. It also has added the other features needed to make a computer: ROM, RAM, parallel I/O, serial I/O, counters and a clock circuit. 4.1.1 Description:
The Philips microcontrollers described in this data sheet are high-performance static 80C51 designs. They are manufactured in an advanced CMOS process and contain a nonvolatile Flash program memory. They support both 12-clock and 6-clock operation. The P89C51X2 and P89C52X2/54X2/58X2 contain 128 byte RAM and 256 byte RAM respectively, 32 I/O lines, three 16-bit counter/timers, a six-source, four-priority level nested interrupt structure, a serial I/O port for either multi-processor communications, I/O expansion or full duplex UART, and on-chip oscillator and clock circuits. In addition, the devices are static designs which offer a wide range of operating frequencies down to zero. Two software selectable modes of power reduction idle mode and power-down mode are available. The idle mode freezes the CPU while allowing the RAM, timers, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The power-down mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator, causing all other chip functions to be in operative. Since the design is static, the clock can be stopped without loss of user data. Then the execution can be resumed from the point the clock was stopped.
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Fig. 4.1: Microcontroller circuit diagram
The P89C51 is an 80C51 microcontroller with 64 kB Flash and 1024 bytes of data RAM. A key feature of the P89C51 is its X2 mode option. The design engineer can choose to run the application with the conventional 80C51 clock rate (12 clocks per machine cycle) or select the X2 mode (6 clocks per machine cycle) to achieve twice the throughput at the same clock frequency. Another way to benefit from this feature is to keep the same performance by reducing the clock frequency by half, thus dramatically reducing the EMI. The Flash program memory supports both parallel programming and in serial InSystem Programming (ISP). Parallel programming mode offers gang-programming at
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Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system high speed, reducing programming costs and time to market. ISP allows a device to be reprogrammed in the end product under software control. The capability to field/update the application FEATURES i. P89C51 Central Processing Unit 4 Kbytes Flash (P89C51X2) 8 Kbytes Flash (P89C52X2) 16 Kbytes Flash (P89C54X2) 32 Kbytes Flash (P89C58X2) 128 byte RAM (P89C51X2) 256 byte RAM (P89C52/54X2/58X2) Boolean processor ii. Memory addressing capability - Up to 64 Kbytes ROM and 64 Kbytes RAM iii. Power control modes Clock can be stopped and resumed Idle mode Power-down mode iv. Two speed ranges 0 to 20 MHz with 6-clock operation 0 to 33 MHz with 12-clock operation v. vi. vii. viii. ix. x. xi. LQFP, PLCC or DIP package Extended temperature ranges Dual Data Pointers Three security bits Four interrupt priority levels Six interrupt sources Four 8-bit I/O ports
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Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system xii. xiii. xiv. xv. Full-duplex enhanced UART Framing error detection Automatic address recognition Three 16-bit timers/counters T0, T1 (standard 80C51) and additional T2 (capture and compare) xvi. xvii. xviii. xix. Programmable clock-out pin Asynchronous port reset Low EMI (inhibit ALE, slew rate controlled outputs, and 6- clock mode Wake-up from Power Down by an external interrupt
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Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system 4.1.2 Block diagram of the Microcontroller AT89S52
Fig. 4.2: Block diagram of a microcontroller AT89S52
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Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system 4.1.3 Pin Details
Fig. 4.3: Pin diagram The pin diagram shown in fig 4.3 it consists of the following pins. ALE / PROG: Address Latch Enable output pulse for latching the low byte of the address during accesses to external memory. ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 of the oscillator frequency, for external timing or clocking purposes, even when there are no accesses to external memory. (However, one ALE pulse is skipped during each access to external Data Memory.) This pin is also the program pulse input (PROG) during EPROM programming. PSEN : Program Store Enable is the read strobe to external Program Memory. When
the device is executing out of external Program Memory, PSEN is activated twice each machine cycle (except that two PSEN activations are skipped during accesses to external Data Memory). PSEN is not activated when the device is executing out of internal Program Memory.
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Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system EA/VPP: When EA is held high the CPU executes out of internal Program Memory
(unless the Program Counter exceeds 0FFFH in the 80C51). Holding EA low forces the CPU to execute out of external memory regardless of the Program Counter value. In the 80C31, EA must be externally wired low. In the EPROM devices, this pin also receives the programming supply voltage (VPP) during EPROM programming. XTAL1: Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier. XTAL2: Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier. The 8051s I/O port structure is extremely versatile and flexible. The device has 32 I/O pins configured as four eight bit parallel ports (P0, P1, P2 and P3). Each pin can be used as an input or as an output under the software control. These I/O pins can be accessed directly by memory instructions during program execution to get required flexibility. Port 0: Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bidirectional port. As an open drain output port, it can sink eight LS TTL loads. Port 0 pins that have 1s written to them float, and in that state will function as high impedance inputs. Port 0 is also the multiplexed low-order address and data bus during accesses to external memory. Port 1: Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullups. Port 1 pins that have 1s written to them are pulled high by the internal pullups, and in that state can be used as inputs. As inputs, port 1 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current because of the internal pullups. Port 2: Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pullups. Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during accesses to external memory that use 16-bit addresses. Port 3: Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-ups. It also serves the functions of various special features of the 80C51 Family as follows: Port Pin Alternate Function P3.0- RxD (serial input port) P3.1 -TxD (serial output port) P3.2 -INT0 (external interrupt 0)
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Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system P3.3- INT1 (external interrupt 1) P3.4 -T0 (timer 0 external input) P3.5 -T1 (timer 1 external input) P3.6 -WR (external data memory write strobe) P3.7 -RD (external data memory read strobe) VCC: -Supply voltage VSS: -Circuit ground potential All four ports in the 80C51 are bidirectional. Each consists of a latch (Special Function Registers P0 through P3), an output driver, and an input buffer. All the Port 3 pins are multifunctional. They are not only port pins, but also serve the functions of various special features as listed below: Port Pin Alternate Function P3.0 RxD (serial input port) P3.1 TxD (serial output port) P3.2 INT0 (external interrupt) P3.3 INT1 (external interrupt) P3.4 T0 (Timer/Counter 0 external input) P3.5 T1 (Timer/Counter 1 external input) P3.6 WR (external Data Memory write strobe) P3.7 RD (external Data Memory read strobe) MEMORY ORGANISATION The alternate functions can only be activated if the corresponding bit latch in the port SFR contains a 1. Otherwise the port pin remains at 0.All 80C51 devices have separate address spaces for program and data memory, as shown in Figures 1 and 2. The logical
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Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system separation of program and data memory allows the data memory to be accessed by 8-bit addresses, which can be quickly stored and manipulated by an 8-bit CPU. Nevertheless, 16-bit data memory addresses can also be generated through the DPTR register. Program memory (ROM, EPROM) can only be read, not written to. There can be up to 64k bytes of program memory. In the 80C51, the lowest 4k bytes of program are on-chip. In the ROM less versions, all program memory is external. The read strobe for external program memory is the PSEN (program store enable). Data Memory (RAM) occupies a separate address space from Program Memory. In the 80C51, the lowest 128 bytes of data memory are on-chip. Up to 64k bytes of external RAM can be addressed in the external Data Memory space. In the ROMless version, the lowest 128 bytes are on-chip. The CPU generates read and write signals, RD and WR, as needed during external Data Memory accesses. External Program Memory and external Data Memory may be combined if desired by applying the RD and PSEN signals to the inputs of an AND gate and using the output of the gate as the read strobe to the external Program/Data memory. 4.1.4 Basic Registers
A number of P89C51 registers can be considered "basic." Very little can be done without them and a detailed explanation of each one is warranted to make sure the reader understands these registers before getting into more complicated areas of development. The Accumulator if you've worked with any other assembly language you will be familiar with the concept of an accumulator register. The Accumulator, as its name suggests, is used as a general register to accumulate the results of a large number of instructions. It can hold an 8-bit (1-byte) value and is the most versatile register the 8051 has due to the sheer number of instructions that make use of the accumulator. More than half of the 8051's 255 instructions manipulate or use the Accumulator in some way. For example, if you want to add the number 10 and 20, the resulting 30 will be stored in the Accumulator. Once you have a value in the Accumulator you may continue processing the value or you may store it in another register or in memory.
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Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system The "R" Registers are sets of eight registers that are named R0, R1, through R7. These registers are used as auxiliary registers in many operations. To continue with the above example, perhaps you are adding 10 and 20. The original number 10 may be stored in the Accumulator whereas the value 20 may be stored in, say, register R4. The "B" register is very similar to the Accumulator in the sense that it may hold an 8-bit (1-byte) value. The "B" register is only used implicitly by two 8052 instructions: MUL AB and DIV AB. Thus, if you want to quickly and easily multiply or divide A by another number, you may store the other number in "B" and make use of these two instructions. The Program Counter is special in that there is no way to directly modify its value. That is to say, you can't do something like PC=2430h. On the other hand, if you execute LJMP 2430h you've effectively accomplished the same thing. The Data Pointer (DPTR) is the 8052s only user-accessible 16-bit (2-byte) register. The Accumulator, "R" registers, and "B" register are all 1-byte values. The PC just described is a 16-bit value but isn't directly user-accessible as a working register. DPTR, as the name suggests, is used to point to data. It is used by a number of commands that allow the 8051 to access external memory. When the 8051 accesses external memory it accesses the memory at the address indicated by DPTR. While DPTR is most often used to point to data in external memory or code memory, many developers take advantage of the fact that it's the only true 16-bit register available. It is often used to store 2-byte values that have nothing to do with memory locations. The Stack Pointer, like all registers except DPTR and PC, may hold an 8-bit (1-byte) value. The Stack Pointer is used to indicate where the next value to be removed from the stack should be taken from. This order of operation is important. When the 8051 is initialized SP will be initialized to 07h. If you immediately push a value onto the stack, the value will be stored in Internal RAM address 08h. This makes sense taking into account what was mentioned two paragraphs above: First the 8051 will increment the value of SP (from 07h to 08h) and then will store the pushed value at that memory address (08h).
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Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system 4.1.5 Central Processing Unit
The CPU is the brain of the microcontrollers reading users programs and executing the expected task as per instructions stored there in. Its primary elements are an 8 bit Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU ) , Accumulator (Acc ) , few more 8 bit registers , B register, Stack Pointer (SP ) , Program Status Word (PSW) and 16 bit registers, Program Counter (PC) and Data Pointer Register (DPTR). The ALU (Acc) performs arithmetic and logic functions on 8 bit input variables. Arithmetic operations include basic addition, subtraction, and multiplication and division. Logical operations are AND, OR, Exclusive OR as well as rotate, clear, complement and etc. Apart from all the above, ALU is responsible in conditional branching decisions, and provides a temporary place in data transfer operations within the device. B-register is mainly used in multiply and divides operations. During execution, B register either keeps one of the two inputs or then retains a portion of the result. For other instructions, it can be used as another general purpose register. Program Status Word (PSW) keeps the current status of the ALU in different bits. Stack Pointer (SP) is an 8 bit register. This pointer keeps track of memory space where the important register information is stored when the program flow gets into executing a subroutine. The stack portion may be placed in anywhere in the on-chip RAM. But normally SP is initialized to 07H after a device reset and grows up from the location 08H. The Stack Pointer is automatically incremented or decremented for all PUSH or POP instructions and for all subroutine calls and returns. Program Counter (PC) is the 16 bit register giving address of next instruction to be executed during program execution and it always points to the Program Memory space. Data Pointer (DPTR) is another 16 bit addressing register that can be used to fetch any 8 bit data from the data memory space. When it is not being used for this purpose, it can be used as two eight bit registers. 4.1.6 Timers/Counters
P89C51 has two 16 bit Timers/Counters capable of working in different modes. Each consists of a High byte and a Low byte which can be accessed under software. There
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Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system is a mode control register and a control register to configure these timers/counters in number of ways. These timers can be used to measure time intervals, determine pulse widths or initiate events with one microsecond resolution up to a maximum of 65 millisecond (corresponding to 65, 536 counts). Use software to get longer delays. Working as counter, they can accumulate occurrences of external events (from DC to 500 KHz) with 16 bit precision. 4.1.7 Serial Ports
Each 8051 microcontroller contains a high speed full duplex (means you can simultaneously use the same port for both transmitting and receiving purposes) serial port which is software configurable in 4 basic modes: 8 bit UART; 9 bit UART; Inter processor Communications link or as shift register I/O expander. For the standard serial communication facility, AT89S52 can be programmed for UART operations and can be connected with regular personal computers, teletype writers, modem at data rates between 122 bauds and 31 kilo bauds. Getting this facility is made very simple using simple routines with option to elect even or odd parity. You can also establish a kind of Inter processor communication facility among many microcomputers in a distributed environment with automatic recognition of address/data. Apart from all above, you can also get super fast I/O lines using low cost simple TTL or CMOS shift registers.
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4.2
Introduction to LCD
A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel display, electronic visual display, or video display that uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals (LCs). LCs do not emit light directly. LCDs are used in a wide range of applications, including computer monitors, television, instrument panels, aircraft cockpit displays, signage, etc. They are common in consumer devices such as video players, gaming devices, clocks, watches, calculators, and telephones. LCDs have replaced cathode ray tube (CRT) displays in most applications. They are available in a wider range of screen sizes than CRT and plasma displays, and since they do not use phosphors, they cannot suffer image burn-in. LCDs are, however, susceptible to image persistence. The LCD is more energy efficient and offers safer disposal than a CRT. Its low electrical power consumption enables it to be used in battery-powered electronic equipment. It is an electronically modulated optical device made up of any number of segments filled with liquid crystals and arrayed in front of a light source (backlight) or reflector to produce images in color or monochrome. The most flexible ones use an array of small pixels. The earliest discovery leading to the development of LCD technology, the discovery of liquid crystals, dates from 1888. By 2008, worldwide sales of televisions with LCD screens had surpassed the sale of CRT units. Fig. 4.4: LCD pin details
4.2.1
Handling the EN Control Line
As we mentioned above, the EN line is used to tell the LCD that you are ready for it to execute an instruction that you've prepared on the data bus and on the other control lines.
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Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system Note that the EN line must be raised/lowered before/after each instruction sent to the LCD regardless of whether that instruction is read or write, text or instruction. In short, you must always manipulate EN when communicating with the LCD. EN is the LCD's way of knowing that you are talking to it. If you don't raise/lower EN, the LCD doesn't know you're talking to it on the other lines. Thus, before we interact in any way with the LCD we will always bring the EN line low and once we've finished setting up our instruction with the other control lines and data bus lines, we'll always bring this line high: The line must be left high for the amount of time required by the LCD as specified in its datasheet. This is normally on the order of about 250 nanoseconds, but check the datasheet. In the case of a typical 8051 running at 12 MHz, an instruction requires 1.08 microseconds to execute so the EN line can be brought low the very next instruction. However, faster microcontrollers (such as the DS89C420 which executes an instruction in 90 nanoseconds given an 11.0592 MHz crystal) will require a number of NOPs to create a delay while EN is held high. The number of NOPs that must be inserted depends on the microcontroller you are using and the crystal you have selected. . 4.2.2 Checking the busy status of the LCD
As previously mentioned, it takes a certain amount of time for each instruction to be executed by the LCD. The delay varies depending on the frequency of the crystal attached to the oscillator input of the 44780 as well as the instruction which is being executed. While it is possible to write code that waits for a specific amount of time to allow the LCD to execute instructions, this method of "waiting" is not very flexible. If the crystal frequency is changed, the software will need to be modified. Additionally, if the LCD itself is changed for another LCD which, although 44780 compatible, requires more time to perform its operations, the program will not work until it is properly modified. A more robust method of programming is to use the "Get LCD Status" command to determine whether the LCD is still busy executing the last instruction received. The "Get LCD Status" command will return to us two tidbits of information; the information that is useful to us right now is found in DB7. In summary, when we issue
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Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system the "Get LCD Status" command the LCD will immediately raise DB7 if it's still busy executing a command or lower DB7 to indicate that the LCD is no longer occupied. Thus our program can query the LCD until DB7 goes low, indicating the LCD is no longer busy. At that point we are free to continue and send the next command. Since we will use this code every time we send an instruction to the LCD, it is useful to make it a subroutine. Let's write the code: Thus, our standard practice will be to send an instruction to the LCD and then call our WAIT_LCD routine to wait until the instruction is completely executed by the LCD. This will assure that our program gives the LCD the time it needs to execute instructions and also makes our program compatible with any LCD, regardless of how fast or slow it is. 4.2.3 Initializing the LCD
Before you may really use the LCD, you must initialize and configure it. This is accomplished by sending a number of initialization instructions to the LCD. The first instruction we send must tell the LCD whether we'll be communicating with it with an 8-bit or 4-bit data bus. We also select a 5x8 dot character font. These two options are selected by sending the command 38h to the LCD as a command. As you will recall from the last section, we mentioned that the RS line must be low if we are sending a command to the LCD. Thus, to send this 38h command to the LCD we must execute the following 8051 instructions: We've now sent the first byte of the initialization sequence. The second byte of the initialization sequence is the instruction 0Eh. Thus we must repeat the initialization code from above, but now with the instruction. The last byte we need to send is used to configure additional operational parameters of the LCD. We must send the value 06h.Having executed this code the LCD will be fully initialized and ready for us to send display data to it. 4.2.4 Clearing the Display
When the LCD is first initialized, the screen should automatically be cleared by the 44780 controller. However, it's always a good idea to do things yourself so that you can
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Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system be completely sure that the display is the way you want it. Thus, it's not a bad idea to clear the screen as the very first operation after the LCD has been initialized. An LCD command exists to accomplish this function. Not surprisingly, it is the command 01h. Since clearing the screen is a function we very likely will wish to call more than once, it's a good idea to make it a subroutine: 4.2.5 Writing text to the LCD
The WRITE_TEXT routine that we just wrote will send the character in the accumulator to the LCD which will, in turn, display it. Thus to display text on the LCD all we need to do is load the accumulator with the byte to display and make a call to this routine. 4.2.6 Cursor positioning
The above "Hello World" program is simplistic in the sense that it prints its text in the upper left-hand corner of the screen. However, what if we wanted to display the word "Hello" in the upper left-hand corner but wanted to display the word "World" on the second line at the tenth character? This sounds simple--and actually, it is simple. However, it requires a little more understanding of the design of the LCD. The 44780 contains a certain amount of memory which is assigned to the display. All the text we write to the 44780 is stored in this memory, and the 44780 subsequently reads this memory to display the text on the LCD itself. This memory can be represented with the following "memory map":
Fig. 4.5: Cursor positioning In the above memory map, the area shaded in blue is the visible display. As you can see, it measures 16 characters per line by 2 lines. The numbers in each box is the memory address that corresponds to that screen position. Thus, the first character in the upper left-hand corner is at address 00h. The following character position (character #2 on the first line) is address 01h, etc. This continues until we reach the 16th character of the first line which is at address 0Fh.
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Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system However, the first character of line 2, as shown in the memory map, is at address 40h. This means if we write a character to the last position of the first line and then write a second character, the second character will not appear on the second line. That is because the second character will effectively be written to address 10h--but the second line begins at address 40h. The LCD display Module is built in a LSI controller, the controller has two 8-bit registers, an instruction register (IR) and a data register (DR). The IR stores instruction codes, such as display clear and cursor shift, and address information for display data RAM (DDRAM) and character generator (CGRAM). The IR can only be written from the MPU. The DR temporarily stores data to be written or read from DDRAM or CGRAM. When address information is written into the IR, then data is stored into the DR from DDRAM or CGRAM. By the register selector (RS) signal, these two registers can be selected. Busy Flag (BF) : When the busy flag is 1, the controller LSI is in the internal operation mode and the next instruction will not be accepted. When RS=0 and R/W=1, the busy flag is output to DB7. The next instruction must be written after ensuring that the busy flag is 0. Address Counter (AC) The address counter (AC) assigns addresses to both DDRAM and CGRAM Display Data RAM (DDRAM) This DDRAM is used to store the display data represented in 8-bit character codes.
4.3
Conclusions
The interfacing of the Microcontroller and the functions of the LCD have been well covered in this chapter along with all the block diagrams, pin details and definitions and tables. The port connections for all the components have also been mentioned and explained. In the next chapter we will continue to explain the Relay and Switches how they function in turning on the circuit or some other components of the circuits.
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Chapter 5 RELAYS AND SWITCH

5.1 Introduction to Relays
A relay is a simple electromechanical switch made up of an electromagnet and a set of contacts. Relays are found hidden in all sorts of devices. In fact, some of the first computers ever built used relays to implement Boolean gates. In this article, we will look at how relays work and a few of their applications.
5.1.1
Construction of Relay
Fig. 5.1: Relay circuit diagram Relays are amazingly simple devices. There are four parts in every relay: i. ii. iii. iv. Electromagnet Armature that can be attracted by the electromagnet Spring Set of electrical contacts
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Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system The following figure shows these four parts in action: In this fig 5.1, you can see that a relay consists of two separate and completely independent circuits. The first is at the bottom and drives the electromagnet. In this circuit, a switch is controlling power to the electromagnet. When the switch is on, the electromagnet is on, and it attracts the armature (blue). The armature is acting as a switch in the second circuit. When the electromagnet is energized, the armature completes the second circuit and the light is on. When the electromagnet is not energized, the spring pulls the armature away and the circuit is not complete. In that case, the light is dark. When you purchase relays, you generally have control over several variables: i. ii. The voltage and current that is needed to activate the armature The maximum voltage and current that can run through the armature and the armature contacts iii. iv. The number of armatures (generally one or two) The number of contacts for the armature (generally one or two -- the relay shown here has two, one of which is unused) v. Whether the contact (if only one contact is provided) is normally open (NO) or normally closed (NC)
5.1.2
Applications of Relay
In general, the point of a relay is to use a small amount of power in the electromagnet -coming, say, from a small dashboard switch or a low-power electronic circuit -- to move an armature that is able to switch a much larger amount of power. For example, you might want the electromagnet to energize using 5 volts and 50 milliamps (250 milli watts), while the armature can support 120V AC at 2 amps (240 watts). Relays are quite common in home appliances where there is an electronic control turning on something like a motor or a light. They are also common in cars, where the 12V supply voltage means that just about everything needs a large amount of current. In later model cars, manufacturers have started combining relay panels into the fuse box to make maintenance easier. For example, the six gray boxes in this photo of a Ford Windstar fuse box are all relays: In places where a large amount of power needs to be switched, relays
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Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system are often cascaded. In this case, a small relay switches the power needed to drive a much larger relay, and that second relay switches the power to drive the load. Relays can also be used to implement Boolean logic. See How Boolean Logic Works for more information.
5.2
Switch
In electronics, a switch is an electronic electronics, a switch is an electrical component that can break an electrical circuit, interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to another. The most familiar form of switch is a manually operated electromechanical device with one or more sets of electrical contacts. Each set of contacts can be in one of two states: either 'closed' meaning the contacts are touching and electricity can flow between them, or 'open', meaning the contacts are separated and non-conducting. In this at the time of switch pressed (supply applied) the voltage across resister 8.2Kohms is VCC as capacitor is short circuit. And this switch is connected to LEDs by using microcontroller program. When we release the switch the capacitor get charges to VCC. Internal Circuit of a Manual Switch:
Fig. 5.2: Switch
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5.3
Conclusions
The functions and working of the Relay and switches have been well brief out in this chapter along with the constructions, applications and other information. It can now be easily known that these relay and switches are both for turning on or switching devices just that the relay is operated electrically and the switch manually which are well mentioned. The next chapter deals with the Jammer which is turned on by the Relay and which is one main part of the project.
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Chapter 6 CELL PHONE JAMMING DEVICE

6.1 Introduction to Jamming Device
Jamming devices overpower the cell phone by transmitting a signal on the same frequency and at a high enough power that the two signals collide and cancel each other out. Cell phones are designed to add power if they experience low-level interference, so the Jammer must recognize and match the power increase from the phone. Cell phones are full-duplex devices, which means they use two separate frequencies, one for talking and one for listening simultaneously. Some jammers block only one of the frequencies used by cell phones, which has the effect of blocking both. The phone is tricked into thinking there is no service because it can receive only one of the frequencies. Less complex devices block only one group of frequencies, while sophisticated jammers can block several types of networks at once to head off dual-mode or tri-mode phones that automatically switch among different network types to find an open signal. Some of the high-end devices block all frequencies at once, and others can be tuned to specific frequencies. To jam a cell phone, all you need is a device that broadcasts on the correct frequencies. Although different cellular systems process signals differently, all cell-phone networks use radio signals that can be interrupted. GSM, used in digital cellular and PCS-based systems, operates in the 900-MHz and 1800-MHz bands in Europe and Asia and in the 1900-MHz (sometimes referred to as 1.9-GHz) band in the United States. Jammers can broadcast on any frequency and are effective against AMPS, CDMA, TDMA, GSM, PCS, DCS, iDEN and Nextel systems. Old-fashioned analog cell phones and today's digital devices are equally susceptible to jamming. The actual range of the Jammer depends on its power and the local environment, which may include hills or walls of a building that block the jamming signal. Low-powered jammers block calls in a range of about 30 feet (9 m). Higher-powered units create a cellfree zone as large as a football field. Units used by law enforcement can shut down service up to 1 mile (1.6 km) from the device.
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6.2
Mini Portable Jammer
Cell phones are everywhere these days. According to the Cellular Telecommunications and Internet Association, almost 195 million people in the United States had cell-phone service in October 2005. And cell phones are even more ubiquitous in Europe. It's great to be able to call anyone at anytime. Unfortunately, restaurants, movie theaters, concerts, shopping malls and churches all suffer from the spread of cell phones because not all cell-phone users know when to stop talking. Who hasn't seethed through one side of a conversation about an incredibly personal situation as the talker shares intimate details with his friend as well as everyone else in the area? While most of us just grumble and move on, some people are actually going to extremes to retaliate. Cell phones are basically handheld two-way radios. And like any radio, the signal can be disrupted, or jammed. In this article, you'll see how cell-phone jammers work and learn about the legality of their use.
6.3
Cell Phone Jamming Basics
Disrupting a cell phone is the same as jamming any other type of radio communication. A cell phone works by communicating with its service network through a cell tower or base station. Cell towers divide a city into small areas, or cells. As a cell-phone user drives down the street, the signal is handed from tower to tower. A jamming device transmits on the same radio frequencies as the cell phone, disrupting the communication between the phone and the cell-phone base station in the tower. Fig. 6.1: Jamming basics It's a called a denial-of-service
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Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system attack. The jammer denies service of the radio spectrum to the cell-phone users within range of the jamming device.
6.4
Cell Phone Jamming Device
Jamming devices overpower the cell phone by transmitting a signal on the same frequency and at a high enough power that the two signals collide and cancel each other out. Cell phones are designed to add power if they experience low-level interference, so the jammer must recognize and match the power increase from the phone. Cell phones are full-duplex devices, which means they use two separate frequencies, one for talking and one for listening simultaneously. Some jammers block only one of the frequencies used by cell phones, which has the effect of blocking both. The phone is tricked into thinking there is no service because it can receive only one of the frequencies. Less complex devices block only one group of frequencies, while sophisticated jammers can block several types of networks at once to head off dual-mode or tri-mode phones that automatically switch among different network types to find an open signal. Some of the high-end devices block all frequencies at once, and others can be tuned to specific frequencies. To jam a cell phone, all you need is a device that broadcasts on the correct frequencies. Although different cellular systems process signals differently, all cell-phone networks use radio signals that can be interrupted. GSM, used in digital cellular and PCS-based systems, operates in the 900-MHz and 1800-MHz bands in Europe and Asia and in the 1900-MHz (sometimes referred to as 1.9-GHz) band in the United States. Jammers can broadcast on any frequency and are effective against AMPS, CDMA, TDMA, GSM, PCS, DCS, iDEN and Nextel systems. Old-fashioned analog cell phones and today's digital devices are equally susceptible to jamming. The actual range of the jammer depends on its power and the local environment, which may include hills or walls of a building that block the jamming signal. Low-powered jammers block calls in a range of about 30 feet (9 m). Higher-powered units create a cellfree zone as large as a football field. Units used by law enforcement can shut down service up to 1 mile (1.6 km) from the device.
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6.5
Inside Cell Phone Jammers
Electronically speaking, cell-phone jammers are very basic devices. The simplest just have an on/off switch and a light that indicates it's on. More complex devices have switches to activate jamming at different frequencies. Components of a jammer include: 6.5.1 Antenna
Every jamming device has an antenna to send the signal. Some are contained within an electrical cabinet. On stronger devices, antennas are external to provide longer range and may be tuned for individual frequencies. 6.5.2 Circuitry
The main electronic components of a jammer are: i. Voltage-controlled oscillator - Generates the radio signal that will interfere with the cell phone signal ii. Tuning circuit - Controls the frequency at which the jammer broadcasts its signal by sending a particular voltage to the oscillator iii. Noise generator - Produces random electronic output in a specified frequency range to jam the cell-phone network signal (part of the tuning circuit) iv. RF amplification (gain stage) - Boosts the power of the radio frequency output to high enough levels to jam a signal 6.5.3 Power supply
Smaller jamming devices are battery operated. Some look like cell phone and use cellphone batteries. Stronger devices can be plugged into a standard outlet or wired into a vehicle's electrical system. Check your phone - If the battery on your phone is okay, and you'd like to continue your conversation, try walking away from the area. You may be able to get out of the jammer's range with just a few steps.
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6.6
Cell Phone Jammer Applications
Cell phone jamming devices were originally developed for law enforcement and the military to interrupt communications by criminals and terrorists. The bombs that blew up commuter trains in Spain in March 2004, as well as blasts in Bali in October 2002 and Jakarta in August 2003, all relied on cell phones to trigger explosives. It has been widely reported that a cell-phone jammer thwarted an assassination attempt on Pakistani President Musharraf in December 2003. When President Bush visited London in November 2004, it was reported that British police considered using jammers to protect the president's motorcade through London. During a hostage situation, police can control when and where a captor can make a phone call. Police can block phone calls during a drug raid so suspects can't communicate outside the area. Cell-phone jammers can be used in areas where radio transmissions are dangerous, (areas with a potentially explosive atmosphere), such as chemical storage facilities or grain elevators. The TRJ-89 jammer from Antenna System & Supplies Inc. carries its own electrical generator and can block cellular communications in a 5-mile (8km) radius. Corporations use jammers to stop corporate espionage by blocking voice transmissions and photo transmissions from camera phones. On the more questionable end of the legitimacy spectrum, there are rumors that hotel chains install jammers to block guests' cell-phone usage and force them to use in-room phones at high rates.
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6.7
Design Features 1. Jamming range:2 8 meters(>=-75dbm)Shielding 2. Internal Insulated Antenna. 3. Looks like a Mobile Phone. Very Slim and Sleek. 4. Battery can be replaced easily by hand, just like mobile phones. 5. Battery can be charged with Nokia charger (Big Pin type). 6. High and Superior Quality Design. 7. Low Heat Generation. So it can be easily hidden in the pocket. 8. Continuous operation. 9. Weight: 68 Grams 10.The Jammer may not be effective when used outdoors.
6.8
Conclusions
As seen and read in this chapter it can be known that the jammer is one crucial part of the circuit. The equipment used, jamming basics, structure, application and designs are well specified and studied. Though the range of the jammer used in this project is small as it is just a pocket jammer as mentioned, it must be known that there are large scale jammer which can jam long range of kilometers, take for example TRJ89 can jam 8 kms. In the next chapter we will be discussing how the program for the project is written in Keil and how it is burned into the microcontroller using the Flash Magic software.
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Chapter 7 KEIL AND FLASH MAGIC SOFTWARE 7.1 Introduction to Keil software
It is the Simulator/Debugger. The simulator/ debugger in KEIL can perform a very detailed simulation of a micro controller along with external signals. It is possible to view the precise execution time of a single assembly instruction, or a single line of C code, all the way up to the entire application, simply by entering the crystal frequency. A window can be opened for each peripheral on the device, showing the state of the peripheral. This enables quick trouble shooting of mis-configured peripherals. Breakpoints may be set on either assembly instructions or lines of C code, and execution may be stepped through one instruction or C line at a time. The contents of all the memory areas may be viewed along with ability to find specific variables. In addition the registers may be viewed allowing a detailed view of what the microcontroller is doing at any point in time.
The Keil Software 8051 development tools listed below are the programs you use to compile your C code, assemble your assembler source files, link your program together, create HEX files, and debug your target program. Vision2 for Windows Integrated
Development Environment: combines Project Management, Source Code Editing, and Program Debugging in one powerful environment.
i.
C51 ANSI Optimizing C Cross Compiler: creates relocatable object modules from your C source code,
ii.
A51 Macro Assembler: creates relocatable object modules from your 8051 assembler source code, Linker/Locator: combines relocatable object modules created by the
iii.
BL51
compiler and assembler into the final absolute object module, iv. LIB51 Library Manager: combines object modules into a library, which may be used v. by the linker,
OH51 Object-HEX Converter: creates Intel HEX files from absolute object modules.
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7.2
7.2.1
Programs
LCD codes
C-program : #include "LCD.h"
static void LCDEnable(void) { LCDEnablePin = HIGH; Delay(2); LCDEnablePin = LOW; }
void LCDWriteCommand(LCDubyte LCDData) { LCDRegisterSelectPin = LOW; LCDWriteByte(LCDData); }
void LCDWriteData(LCDubyte LCDData) { LCDRegisterSelectPin = HIGH; LCDWriteByte(LCDData); }
void LCDWriteString(LCDubyte *lcd_string) { while (*lcd_string) { LCDWriteData(*lcd_string++); } }
void LCDInitialize(void)
41
Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system { LCDEnablePin = OUTPUTPIN; LCDRegisterSelectPin = OUTPUTPIN; LCDDataPort LCDReset(); LCDWriteCommand(0x28); LCDWriteCommand(0x0C); LCDWriteCommand(0x06); LCDWriteCommand(0x01); } static void LCDReset(void) { &= 0x0f;
LCDWriteCommand(0x33);
LCDWriteCommand(0x33);
LCDWriteCommand(0x32); } void LCDDisplayInitializing(void) {
LCDubyte i;
LCDWriteString("INITIALIZING....");
LCDRow2();
for(i = 0 ; i < 16; i++)
LCDWriteData(46); // ascii value of '.' in decimanl
42
Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system Delay(100); }
} static void LCDWriteByte(LCDubyte LCDData) { LCDDataPort = (LCDDataPort & 0x0F)|(LCDData & 0xF0); LCDEnable(); LCDDataPort = (LCDDataPort & 0x0F)|(LCDData << 4); LCDEnable(); Delay(2); } void LCDDisplayByte(LCDubyte LCDAdress, LCDubyte Value) { LCDWriteCommand(LCDAdress); if(( Value / 100 ) == 0) LCDWriteData(0x20); //put space else LCDWriteData((Value / 100) | 0x30);
if(((Value % 100) / 10) == 0) if(( Value / 100 ) == 0) LCDWriteData(0x20); else LCDWriteData(((Value % 100) / 10) | 0x30); else LCDWriteData(((Value % 100) / 10) | 0x30);
LCDWriteData((Value % 10) | 0x30); }
Hexadecimal converted code : #ifndef LCD_H
43
Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system #define LCD_H //INCLUDES #include <at89x51.h> #include "delay.h"
//DEFINE CONSTANT #define LOW 0 #define HIGH1 #define OUTPUTPIN 0
//DEFINES PORT/PINS #define LCDEnablePin P2_3 #define LCDRegisterSelectPin #define LCDDataPort P2 P2_2
//DEFINE MACROS #define LCDClear() LCDWriteCommand(0x01) #define LCDRow1() LCDWriteCommand(0x80) /* Clear display LCD */ /* Begin at Line 1 */
#define LCDRow2() LCDWriteCommand(0xC0) /* Begin at Line 2 */
//USERDEFINE DATA TYPES typedef unsigned char LCDubyte;
//DEFINE PROTOTYPES static void LCDEnable(void); void LCDWriteCommand(LCDubyte command); void LCDWriteData(LCDubyte ascii); void LCDWriteString(LCDubyte *lcd_string); static void LCDWriteByte(LCDubyte LCDData); void LCDInitialize(void); void LCDDisplayInitializing(void); void LCDDisplayByte(LCDubyte LCDAdress, LCDubyte Value); static void LCDReset(void);
44
Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system #endif 7.2.2 Main code
C-program : //INCLUDE MAIN HEADER FILE #include"main.h"
//DATA IN CODE MEMORY code ATCommand[3] = {'A','T',0x0D}; code SMSCode[10] = {'A','T','+','C','M','G','F','=','1',0x0D}; code SMSNumber[10] = {'A','T','+','C','M','G','S','=','"','0'};
//GLOABL VARIABLES unsigned char PhoneNumber1[5] = {'9','9','8','6','2'}; unsigned char PhoneNumber2[7] = {'5','7','3','5','3','"',0x0D};
unsigned char PhoneNumber3[5] = {'9','8','4','4','3'}; unsigned char PhoneNumber4[7] = {'1','5','3','2','0','"',0x0D};
//unsigned char PhoneNumber3[5] = {'7','8','2','9','4'}; //unsigned char PhoneNumber4[7] = {'2','9','0','2','6','"',0x0D};
bit GSMCommunication = 0;
//MAIN PROGRAM BEGINS void main(void) { unsigned char SMS = ENABLE;
MainSystemInitialize(); MainDisplayTitle();
for(;;) {
45
Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system if(PHONE == DETECTED) { Delay(200); if(PHONE == DETECTED){
Delay(100); if(PHONE == DETECTED) { LCDClear(); LCDWriteString("PHONE DETECTED!"); Delay(1000); LCDClear(); LCDWriteString("ACTIVATING "); LCDWriteCommand(0xc8); LCDWriteString("JAMMER"); RelayOn(); Delay(1000); SendEmergencySMS(); LCDClear(); LCDWriteString("JAMMER ACTIVATED"); for(;;); Delay(10000); RelayOff(); LCDWriteString("JAMMER DEACTIVATED"); MainDisplayTitle(); Delay(500); } } } }
46
Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system static void SendEmergencySMS(void) { LCDClear(); LCDWriteString("Sending SMS....."); SendMessageToPhone(); LCDRow2(); LCDWriteString(" SMS SENT -->>"); Delay(2000); }
static void MainSystemInitialize(void) { PHONE = 1; RELAY = 1; LCDInitialize(); LCDDisplayInitializing(); SerialCommunicationInitialize(); MainCheckGSMModem(); RI = 0;//CLEAR DATA RECEIVED FLAG } static void MainDisplayTitle(void) { LCDClear(); LCDWriteString("MOBILE PHONE"); LCDWriteCommand(0xc8); LCDWriteString("DETECTOR"); }
static void MainCheckGSMModem(void) { LCDClear();
if(ReceiveResponse()) {
47
Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system GSMCommunication = OK; LCDRow2(); LCDWriteString("SUCCESSFULL.....");
static void MainErrorInModem(void) { Delay(500); GSMCommunication = FAILED; LCDRow2(); LCDWriteString("FAILED !"); }
bit ReceiveResponse() { bit Flag = 0; unsigned char Count;
for(Count = 0; Count < 3; Count++) SendByteSerially(ATCommand[Count]);
do { Count = ReceiveByteSerially(); } while(Count != 'K');
Delay(500); //
if(Count != 'K' )//Not Eual to >return Flag;
48
Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system return Flag = 1; }
bit SendSMSCode(void) { bit Flag = 0; unsigned char Count;
for(Count = 0; Count < 10; Count++) SendByteSerially(SMSCode[Count]);
Do { Count = ReceiveByteSerially(); } while(Count != 'K');
Delay(500); //
if(Count != 'K' )//Not Eual to > return Flag;
return Flag = 1; } bit SendSMSNumber(void) {
bit Flag = 0; unsigned char Count;
for(Count = 0; Count < 10; Count++) SendByteSerially(SMSNumber[Count]);
for(Count = 0; Count < 5; Count++)
49
Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system SendByteSerially(PhoneNumber1[Count]); for(Count = 0; Count < 7; Count++) SendByteSerially(PhoneNumber2[Count]); do { Count = ReceiveByteSerially(); } while(Count != 0x3e);
if(Count != 0x3e )//Not Eual to > return Flag;
return Flag = 1; } void ReceiveACknowledgment(void) { unsigned char TemporaryVariable; do { TemporaryVariable = ReceiveByteSerially(); } while(TemporaryVariable != 'K' && TemporaryVariable != 'E');
if(TemporaryVariable == 'E') if(! ReceiveResponse()) MainErrorInModem();
static void SendMessageToPhone(void) {
if(SendSMSCode()) {
50
Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system if(SendSMSNumber()) { SendStatusMessage(); ReceiveACknowledgment(); } else MainErrorInModem();
if(SendSMSNumber2()) { SendStatusMessage(); SendByteSerially(0x1A); ReceiveACknowledgment(); } else MainErrorInModem(); } else MainErrorInModem(); } static void SendStatusMessage() { SendStringSerially("MOBILE OPERATION "); SendStringSerially(" Automated SMS By: MOBILE DETECTOR"); SendByteSerially(0x1A); } bit SendSMSNumber2(void) { PHONE DETECTED, JAMMER WILL BE IN
bit Flag = 0; unsigned char Count;
for(Count = 0; Count < 10; Count++)
51
Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system for(Count = 0; Count < 5; Count++) SendByteSerially(PhoneNumber3[Count]); for(Count = 0; Count < 7; Count++) SendByteSerially(PhoneNumber4[Count]); do { Count = ReceiveByteSerially(); }while(Count != 0x3e);
if(Count != 0x3e )//Not Eual to >return Flag;
return Flag = 1; }
Hexadecimal converted code :
//DEFINE MAIN HEADER FILE #ifndef MAIN_H #define MAIN_H
//INCLUDE DEFINITION OF HEADER FILE #include<at89x51.h>
//INCLUDE USER DEFINED HEADER FILE #include"delay.h" #include"serialcommunication.h" #include"lcd.h"
//DEFINE PORTS/PINS
#define PHONE P1_0 #define RELAY P2_0
//DEFINE CONSTANT
52
Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system #define OK 1 #define FAILED 0 #define INPUT_PORT 0xff #define OUTPUT_PORT 0x00
#define OUTPUT_PIN 0 #define PRESSED 0 #define ON 0 #define OFF 1 #define ENABLE 1 #define DISABLE 0 #define DETECTED 1
//DEFINE MACROS #define RelayOn() RELAY = 0 #define RelayOff() RELAY = 1
//FUNCTION PROTOTYPES void main(void); static void MainDisplayTitle(void); static void Blink(unsigned char Duration); bit SendSMSCode(void); bit SendSMSNumber(void); bit SendSMSNumber2(void); bit ReceiveResponse(void); static void Settings(void); static void DecodeMessage(void); void ReceiveACknowledgment(void); bit SendMessageSettingsCode(void); static void MainCheckEEPROM(void); static void MainSendLatitude(void); static void MainErrorInModem(void); static void MainSendLongitude(void); static void MainCheckGSMModem(void);
53
Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system static void SendMessageToPhone(void); static void MainSystemInitialize(void); static void SendLatitudeLongitude(void); static void MainDisplayParameters(void); static unsigned char VerifyMessage(void); static unsigned char CalculateHeartBeats(void); static void MainDisplayProjectTitle(void); static void MainReadLatitudeLongitude(void); static void TransmitData(unsigned char DeviceValue); static void SendPhoneNumber(ubyte start_add, ubyte pass[]); static void send_data_byte(ubyte start_add, ubyte *base_add); static void ReceivePhoneNumber(ubyte start_add, ubyte pass[]); static void SendEmergencySMS(void); static void MainConvertToAscii(unsigned char Value); static void Settings(void); static void Settings1(void); static void MainSetPhoneNumber(void); static void SendStatusMessage(void); #endif
7.2.3
Serial Communication code
C-program : #include"serialcommunication.h" //FUNCTIONS void SerialCommunicationInitialize(void) // INITIALIZE SERIAL PORT { TMOD = (( TMOD & 0x0F) | 0x20); // Timer 1 IN MODE 2 -AUTO RELOAD TO GENERATE BAUD RATE SCON = 0x50;// SERIAL MODE 1, 8-DATA BIT 1-START BIT, 1-STOP BIT, REN ENABLED TH1 = Baud_rate;//LOAD BAUDRATE TO TIMER REGISTER TR1 = 1;// START TIMER EA = 1;//GLOABL ENABLE INTERRUPT }
54
Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system void SendByteSerially(unsigned char serialdata) { SBUF = serialdata;// LOAD DATA TO SERIAL BUFFER REGISTER while(TI == 0); // WAIT UNTIL TRANSMISSION TO COMPLETE TI = 0;// CLEAR TRANSMISSION INTERRUPT FLAG } unsigned char ReceiveByteSerially(void) { while(RI == 0);// WAIT UNTIL DATA IS RECEIVED RI = 0;// CLEAR FLAG return SBUF;// RETURN SERIAL DATA } void SendStringSerially(unsigned char *StringData) { while(*StringData) SendByteSerially(*StringData++); } // END OF PROGRAM
Hexadecimal Converted program:
#ifndef SERIALCOMMUNICATION_H #define SERILACOMMUNCATION_H /* -----------------------------------89C51 serial communication -----------------------------------Demonstration of serial communication - ECHO program ----------------------------------------------------Designed for 89c51 running at 11.0592Mhz communication between PC and microcontroller. RS232 serial specification 9600 baud rate 8-bit 1- start bit
55
Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system 1-stop bit parity none
Hardware Connection ------------------compile with Keil Compiler.
Note: Hyper Terminal / Terminal v1.9b software for communication
operation: receives data from PC (or any serial device) and transmitt same data back to PC- A ECHO program
//INCLUDES #include<at89x51.h> //Includes definition of 89c51
//DEFINE CONSTANT #define Baud_rate 0xFD // BAUD RATE 9600
//DEFINE PROTOTYPES
void SerialCommunicationInitialize(void); void SendByteSerially(unsigned char ascii); unsigned char ReceiveByteSerially(void); void SendStringSerially(unsigned char *StringData); #endif
56
7.3
1.
Evaluation of keil software

Start the Vision Program
Fig. 7.1 2. After the program has started:
Select File, New from the program menu
Fig. 7.2
Type your assembly file. The following is an example of a toggle program.
57
Fig. 7.3 3. Select File, Save from the program menu
Fig. 7.4 The first time you save the program a dialog box will popup and allow you to name your file and file type. Save program with filename: xxxxx.asm The File type is mentioned at last (.asm) means assembly language Select Project, New Project from the program menu
4.
Give some project name: xxxx.prj
Fig. 7.5
58
Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system 5. Click on the Add button
A dialog-box appears, allowing you to add files to the project Change the file type to Assembly.
Fig. 7.6 6. Select your assembly file.
Click on the Add button then close the Add dialog box.
Fig. 7.7
59
7.4
Introduction to Flash Magic
Flash Magic is a PC tool for programming flash based microcontrollers from NXP using a serial protocol while in the target hardware. Screenshots Main window
Fig. 7.8 Hex file information
Fig. 7.9
Execute from RAM or Flash (LPC2xxx)
Fig 7.10 Display flash memory
Fig. 7.11
60
Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system Device signature
Fig. 7.12 Start boot loader
Fig. 7.13 Blank check Advanced options - timeouts
Fig. 7.14 Advanced options hardware
Fig. 7.15 Executing a script
Fig. 7.16
61
7.5
i. ii.
Features
Straightforward and intuitive user interface Five simple steps to erasing and programming a device and setting any options desired
iii. iv. v. vi.
Programs Intel Hex Files Automatic verifying after programming Fills unused Flash to increase firmware security Ability to automatically program checksums. Using the supplied checksum calculation routine your firmware can easily verify the integrity of a Flash block, ensuring no unauthorized or corrupted code can ever be executed
vii. viii.
Program security bits Check which Flash blocks are blank or in use with the ability to easily erase all blocks in use
ix. x. xi.
Read the device signature Read any section of Flash and save as an Intel Hex File Reprogram the Boot Vector and Status Byte with the help of confirmation features that prevent accidentally programming incorrect values
xii. xiii.
Display the contents of Flash in ASCII and Hexadecimal formats Single-click access to the manual, Flash Magic home page and NXP Microcontrollers home page
xiv.
Ability to use high-speed serial communications on devices that support it. Flash Magic calculates the highest baudrate that both the device and your PC can use and switches to that baudrate transparently
xv.
Command Line interface allowing Flash Magic to be used in IDEs and Batch Files
xvi. xvii. xviii. xix.
Supports half-duplex communications Verify Hex Files previously programmed Able to reset Rx2 and 66x devices (revision G or higher) Able to control the DTR and RTS RS232 signals when connected to RST and /PSEN to place the device into BootROM and Execute modes automatically. An example circuit diagram is included in the Manual. Essential for ISP with target hardware that is hard to access.
xx.
Able to send commands to place the device in BootROM mode, with support for command line interfaces. The installation includes an example project for the Keil
62
Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system and Raisonance 8051 compilers that show how to build support for this feature into applications. xxi. xxii. Able to play any Wave file when finished programming. Built in automated version checker - helps ensure you always have the latest version. xxiii. Powerful, flexible Just In Time Code feature. Write your own JIT Modules to generate last minute code for programming. Uses include: xxiv. xxv. xxvi. xxvii. xxviii. xxix. xxx. xxxi. xxxii. xxxiii. Serial number generation Copy protection and copy authorization Storing program date and time - manufacture date Storing program operator and location Lookup table generation Language tables or language selection Centralized record keeping Obtaining latest firmware from the Corporate Web site or project intranet Sponsored by NXP Semiconductors Features automatically updating Internet links including links to related technical documents, software updates, utilities and code examples, using EmbeddedHints technology xxxiv. Displays information about the selected Hex File, including the creation and modification dates, flash memory used, percentage of the current device used xxxv. Flash Magic works on any versions of Windows, except Windows 95. 10Mb of disk space is required
7.6
Applications:
1. In the Military Camps and Defense Establishments 2. Cinema Theatres and Libraries for noise free & Peaceful Environment 3. All other places where the external communication forbidden. 4. They are also widely used in hospitals.
63
Chapter 8 RESULTS
The whole working and functions of the project is as given below :
1. When power is turned ON, the LCD displays the message : INITIALISING. CONNECTING..GSM MOBILE PHONE DETECTOR
2. When the Sniffer detects mobile signal, the LCD than displays the message as :
PHONE DETECTED ACTIVATING JAMMER SENDING SMS. SENT>>> JAMMER ACTIVATED
3. During this process the Relay turns on the Jammer, while the GSM is sending the message to the master cell phone. As the message is sent, the jammer is activated and blocks all the signal within its range. Thus completing the whole process.
64
BIBLIOGRAPHY
i.
M.A Mazidi and J.G Mazidi, 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems, 2nd Edition ISBN 0-13-119402-X] The Book,
ii.
John
Axelson,
Microcontroller
Idea
October
1994
[ISBN 09650819-0-7]
iii.
Roy Choudary, Linear Integrated Circuits, published by New Age International in the year 2003 [ISBN 8-12-241470-2]
iv.
http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/cell-phone-jammer.htm How Cell Phone Jammers Work
v.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone_jammer Mobile phone jammer
vi.
http://wordpress.com Mobile Sniffer
vii.
http://www.extremecircuits.net Mobile bug detector
viii.
http://www.nowsms.com What is a GSM Modem?
ix.
http://www.linksprite.com Four-band GSM/GPRS Module SIM300
x.
http://www.digchip.com Details, datasheet, quote on part number: P89C51X2BN
xi.
http://www.8051projects.info AT89S52 microcontroller Pin Diagram and Pin Functions
xii.
http://www.8052.com Introduction to LCD Programming
xiii.
http://electronics.howstuffworks.com How Relays Work
xiv.
http://www.ustudy.in Switches
xv.
http://www.scribd.com Overview-Of-Keil-Cross-C-Compiler
65
APPENDIX
A. DATA SHEET OF DIODE
66
B.
DATA SHEET OF AT89S52
67
C.
DATA SHEET OF LCD
HD44780U (LCD-II)
(Dot Matrix Liquid Crystal Display Controller/Driver)
Description
The HD44780U dot-matrix liquid crystal display controller and driver LSI displays alphanumerics, Japanese kana characters, and symbols. It can be configured to drive a dot-matrix liquid crystal display under the control of a 4- or 8-bit microprocessor. Since all the functions such as display RAM, character generator, and liquid crystal driver, required for driving a dot-matrix liquid crystal display are internally provided on one chip, a minimal system can be interfaced with this controller/driver. A single HD44780U can display up to one 8-character line or two 8-character lines. The HD44780U has pin function compatibility with the HD44780S which allows the user to easily replace an LCD-II with an HD44780U. The HD44780U character generator ROM is extended to generate 208 5 8 dot character fonts and 32 5 10 dot character fonts for a total of 240 different character fonts. The low power supply (2.7V to 5.5V) of the HD44780U is suitable for any portable battery-driven product requiring low power dissipation.
Features
5 8 and 5 10 dot matrix possible Low power operation support: 2.7 to 5.5V Wide range of liquid crystal display driver power 3.0 to 11V Liquid crystal drive waveform A (One line frequency AC waveform) Correspond to high speed MPU bus interface 2 MHz (when VCC = 5V) 4-bit or 8-bit MPU interface enabled 80 8-bit display RAM (80 characters max.) 9,920-bit character generator ROM for a total of 240 character fonts 208 character fonts (5 8 dot) 32 character fonts (5 10 dot)
68
HD44780U
64 8-bit character generator RAM 8 character fonts (5 8 dot) 4 character fonts (5 10 dot) 16-common 40-segment liquid crystal display driver Programmable duty cycles 1/8 for one line of 5 8 dots with cursor 1/11 for one line of 5 10 dots with cursor 1/16 for two lines of 5 8 dots with cursor Wide range of instruction functions: Display clear, cursor home, display on/off, cursor on/off, display character blink, cursor shift, display shift Pin function compatibility with HD44780S Automatic reset circuit that initializes the controller/driver after power on Internal oscillator with external resistors Low power consumption
Ordering Information
Type No. HD44780UA00FS HCD44780UA00 HD44780UA00TF HD44780UA02FS HCD44780UA02 HD44780UA02TF HD44780UBxxFS HCD44780UBxx HD44780UBxxTF Note: xx: ROM code No. Package FP-80B Chip TFP-80F FP-80B Chip TFP-80F FP-80B Chip TFP-80F CGROM Japanese standard font
European standard font
Custom font
69
HD44780U Block Diagram

OSC1 OSC2 CL1 CL2 M CPG Instruction register (IR)
7
Reset circuit ACL
Timing generator
RS R/W E
MPU interface
Instruction decoder
Display data RAM (DDRAM) 80 8 bits
16-bit shift register
Common signal driver
COM1 to COM16
Address counter DB4 to DB7 DB0 to DB3 Input/ output buffer

8 7 7
7 8
40-bit shift register
40-bit latch circuit
Segment signal driver
SEG1 to SEG40
Data register (DR)

8
8 40 8
Busy flag Character

generator
LCD drive voltage selector
Character
generator
ROM
GND
RAM (CGRAM) 64 bytes

5
(CGROM)
9,920 bits
5
Cursor and blink controller
Parallel/serial converter and attribute circuit
V
CC
V1
V2
V3 V4
V5
70
D.
DATA SHEET OF TRANSISTOR
BC546/547/548/549/550
Switching and Applications
High Voltage: BC546, VCEO=65V Low Noise: BC549, BC550 Complement to BC556 ... BC560
TO-92
1. Collector 2. Base 3. Emitter
NPN Epitaxial Silicon Transistor

Absolute Maximum Ratings Ta=25 C unless otherwise noted
V
Symbol
CBO
V
CEO
V
EBO
IC PC TJ T
STG
Parameter : BC546 : BC547/550 : BC548/549 Collector-Emitter Voltage : BC546 : BC547/550 : BC548/549 Emitter-Base Voltage : BC546/547 : BC548/549/550 Collector Current (DC) Collector Power Dissipation Junction Temperature Storage Temperature Collector-Base Voltage
Value 80 50 30 65 45 30 6 5 100 500 150 -65 ~ 150
Units V V V V V V V V mA mW C C
Electrical Characteristics Ta=25 C unless otherwise noted

Symbol I CBO h
FE
Parameter Collector Cut-off Current DC Current Gain Collector-Emitter Saturation Voltage Base-Emitter Saturation Voltage Base-Emitter On Voltage Current Gain Bandwidth Product Output Capacitance Input Capacitance Noise Figure : BC546/547/548 : BC549/550 : BC549 : BC550
Test Condition VCB=30V, IE=0 VCE=5V, IC=2mA

IC=10mA, IB=0.5mA IC=100mA, IB=5mA IC=10mA, IB=0.5mA
Min. 110
Typ.
Max. 15 800 250 600
Units nA mV mV mV mV mV mV MHz pF pF dB dB dB dB
VCE (sat) VBE (sat) VBE (on)
IC=100mA, IB=5mA
VCE=5V, IC=2mA
580
90 200 700 900 660 300 3.5 9 2 1.2 1.4 1.4
fT C ob C
ib
VCE=5V, IC=10mA VCE=5V, IC=10mA, f=100MHz VCB=10V, IE=0, f=1MHz VEB=0.5V, IC=0, f=1MHz
VCE=5V, IC=200 A f=1KHz, RG=2K VCE=5V, IC=200 A RG=2K , f=30~15000MHz
700 720 6 10 4 4 3
NF
71

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MOBILE SNIFFER CUM JAMMER WITH ALERTING SYSTEM

P.E.S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MANDYA

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the Degree

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

P.E.S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING MANDYA-571401

Dr.V.SRIDHAR Principal P.E.S College of Engineering Mandya

V. Lalrotluanga Laltanpuia L.T.L. Fela Khiangte Lalsawmliani Fanchun

5.2 5.3 Chapter 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5

6.6 6.7 6.8 Chapter 7 7.1 7.2

7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 Chapter 8

Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system

Fig. 1.1: Block diagram of Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer

Organization of the report

E&C Dept. P.E.S.C.E.

E&C Dept. P.E.S.C.E.

Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system

Chapter 2 MOBILE SNIFFER

RF level from Mobile phone

E&C Dept. P.E.S.C.E.

Mobile Detector Circuit

E&C Dept. P.E.S.C.E.

Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system

E&C Dept. P.E.S.C.E.

Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system

Chapter 3 GSM MODEM

E&C Dept. P.E.S.C.E.

Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system

Fig. 3.1: GSM modem

Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system

E&C Dept. P.E.S.C.E.

Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system

E&C Dept. P.E.S.C.E.

Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system

Chapter 4 MICROCONTROLLER AND LCD

E&C Dept. P.E.S.C.E.

Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system

Fig. 4.1: Microcontroller circuit diagram

E&C Dept. P.E.S.C.E.

E&C Dept. P.E.S.C.E.

E&C Dept. P.E.S.C.E.

Fig. 4.2: Block diagram of a microcontroller AT89S52

E&C Dept. P.E.S.C.E.

E&C Dept. P.E.S.C.E.

E&C Dept. P.E.S.C.E.

E&C Dept. P.E.S.C.E.

E&C Dept. P.E.S.C.E.

E&C Dept. P.E.S.C.E.

E&C Dept. P.E.S.C.E.

E&C Dept. P.E.S.C.E.

Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system

Handling the EN Control Line

E&C Dept. P.E.S.C.E.

E&C Dept. P.E.S.C.E.

E&C Dept. P.E.S.C.E.

Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system

Chapter 5 RELAYS AND SWITCH

E&C Dept. P.E.S.C.E.

Fig. 5.2: Switch

E&C Dept. P.E.S.C.E.

Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system

E&C Dept. P.E.S.C.E.

Mobile Sniffer cum Jammer with alerting system

Chapter 6 CELL PHONE JAMMING DEVICE

void LCDWriteString(LCDubyte lcd_string) { while (lcd_string) { LCDWriteData(*lcd_string++); } }