Law of Tort including Consumer Protection Laws and Motor Vehicles Act: 2BL105 Course Coordinator: Mrs.

Madhuri Parikh

Introduction: Tort is a large area of private law concerned with compensating those who have been injured by the wrongdoing of others. Unlike criminal law, which involves the State, tort law involves private parties who institute legal actions against each other for damages. Unlike contract law, where 2 parties agree to their respective rights and obligations, in tort law it is the society, through its judicial and legislative systems, that imposes obligations on everyone to act in consideration of the rights of others. The law of Torts is mainly judge-made law: courts over the centuries have defined people rights bad obligations with respect to their fellows. These are constantly in flux and change to meet new technological and social concerns. Over the last century, tort law has touched on nearly every aspect of life. In economic affairs, tort law provides remedies for businesses that are harmed by the unfair and deceptive trade practices of a competitor. In the workplace, tort law protects employees from the intentional or negligent infliction of emotional distress. Tort law also helps regulate the environment, providing remedies against both individuals and businesses that pollute the air, land, and water to such an extent that it amounts to a nuisance. The course Law of Torts aims to critically consider Tort law in the context of the changing situations in the society and the new dimensions given to it by the Consumer Protection Act, 1986. The English law of tort has been largely modified by many Indian laws according to Indian situations. The Motor Vehicles Act is one of them. The Law of tort cannot be discussed without referring to present Indian situations, and existing attitude of the judges and laws. The major portion of tort law has been codified today. The syllabus tries to discuss the law keeping the modern trend in mind. Objective: The primary objectives of this course are to Learn the major principles fundamental to the operation of the tort system Become familiar with most of the important and commonly litigated torts Learn the leading case authorities in tort law and the important legislation that impacts on it Develop skills of legal analysis and argument. Teaching Methodology Law of Torts Teaching Methodology: Examples- Common examples Problems- teaching through Problem Solving Method Case laws-Case study method, case analyses 1

Lectures Tutorials Consumer Protection Act: Discussing the recent Problems Application of Consumer Protection Law Working of the dispute redressal Agencies Role of NGOs Case Laws Lectures.

Motor Vehicles Act. Case Law analysis Discussions Problem Solving Lectures 1. Definition, Nature, Scope and Objects 1.1 A wrongful act- violation of duty imposed by law, duty which is owed to people generally (in rem) damnum sine injuria and injuria since damnum 1.2 Tort distinguished from crime and breach of contract 1.3 The concept of unliquidated damages. 1.4 Changing scope of law of torts: expanding character of duties owed to people generally due to complexities of modern society 1.5 Object- prescribing standards of human conduct, Redressal of wrongs by payment of compensation, prescribing unlawful conduct by injunction. 2. Principles of Liability in Torts 2.1 Fault 2.1.1 Wrongful intent 2.1.2 Negligence 2.2 Liability without fault 2.3 Violation of ethical codes 2.4 Statutory liability 2.5 Place of motive in torts 3. Justification in Tort 3.1 Volenti non fit injuria 3.2 Necessity, Private and Public 3.3 Plaintiffs default 3.4 Act of god 3.5 Inevitable accident 3.6 Private defence 3.7 Statutory authority 3.8 Judicial and quasi-judicial acts 3.9 Parental and quasi-parental authority 4. Extinguishments of Liability in certain situation 4.1 Actio personalise moritur cum persona exceptions 4.2 Waiver and acquiescence 2

Bare Syllabus

4.3 Release 4.4 Accord and satisfaction 4.5 Limitation 5. Standing 5.1 Who may sue aggrieved individual class action social action group 5.2 Statutes granting standing to certain persons or groups 5.3 Who may be sued? 6. Doctrine of sovereign immunity and its relevance in India 7. Vicarious Liability 7.1 Basis, scope and justification 7.1.1 Express authorization 7.1.2 Ratification 7.1.3 Abetment 7.2 Special Relationships 7.2.1 Master and servant arising out of and in the course of employment who is master? the control test who is servant? borrowed servant independent contractor and servant, distinguished 7.2.2 Principal and agent 7.2.3 Corporation and principal officer 8. Torts against persons and personal relations 8.1 Assault, battery, mayhem 8.2 False imprisonment 8.3 Defamation libel, slander including law relating to privileges 8.4 Marital relations, domestic relations, parental relations, master and servant relations 8.5 Malicious prosecution 8.6 Shortened expectation of life 8.7 Nervous shock 9. Wrongs affecting property 9.1 Trespass to land, trespass ab initio, dispossession 9.2 Movable property- trespass to goods, detinue, conversion 9.3 Torts against business interests injurious falsehood, misstatements, passing off 10. Negligence 10.1 Basic concepts 10.1.1 Theories of negligence 10.1.2 Standards of care, duty to take care, carelessness, inadvertence 10.1.3 Doctrine of contributory negligence 10.1.4 Res ipsa loquitor and its importance in contemporary law 10.2 Liability due to negligence: different professionals 10.3 Liability of common carriers for negligence 10.4 Product liability due to negligence: liability of manufacturers and business houses for their products 11. Nuisance 11.1 Definition, essentials and types 11.2 Acts which constitute nuisance obstructions of highways, pollution of air, water, noise, and interference with light and air 12. Absolute/Strict liability 12.1 The rule in Rylands v. Fletcher 12.2 Liability for harm caused by inherently dangerous industries 3

13. Legal remedies 13.1 Legal remedies 13.1.1 Award of damages simple, special, punitive 13.1.2 Remoteness of damageforeseeability and directness 13.1.3 Injunction 13.1.4 Specific restitution of property 13.2 Extra-legal remedies-self-help, re-entry on land, re-caption of goods, distress damage feasant and abatement of nuisance 14. a. Consumer, the concept 14.1 General Perspectives 14.2 Statutory and government services: to be included or not? 14.3 Definition and scope: the Consumer protection Act 1986(CPA) 14.3.1 Who is not a consumer? b. Consumer of goods 14.4 Meaning of defects in goods 14.5 Standards of purity, quality, quantity and potency 14.5.1 Statutes: food and drugs, engineering and electrical goods. 14.5.2 Common law: decision of courts 14.6 Price Control 14.6.1 Administrative fixation 14.6.2 Competitive market 14.7 Supply and distribution of goods c. Service 14.8 Deficiency- meaning 14.9 Professional services 14.9.1 Medical services 14.9.2 How to determine negligence 14.9.3 Violation of statute 14.9.4 Denial of medical service: violation of human rights 14.9.5 Lawyering services: duty towardscourt and duty to client dilemma, break of confidentiality negligence and misconduct 14.10 Public Utilities 14.10.1 Supply of electricity 14.10.2 Telecommunication and postal services 14.10.3 Housing 14.10.4 Banking 14.11 Commercial services 14.11.1 Hiring 14.11.2 Financing 14.11.3 Agency services d. Enforcement of consumer rights 14.12 Consumer for a under CPA: jurisdiction, powers and functions 14.12.1 Execution of orders 14.12.2 Judicial review 14.13 PIL 14.14 Class action 14.15 Remedies 14.16 Administrative remedies Work Load 4-hours Lectures per week 1-hour Tutorial per week Total: 5 hours per week 4

Texts 1. Gandhi, B. M.: Law of Torts (1987) 2. Pillai Achuthan, P.S.: The Law of Torts (1994) 3. Ratanlal & Dhirajlal: The Law of Torts (1997) 4. Bangia, R. K.: Law of Torts 5. Iyer, Ramaswamy: Law of Torts 6. Winfield: Law of Tort 7. Salmond: Law of Torts

Comprehensive Module
Module-1 Definition, Nature, Scope and Objects A wrongful act- violation of duty imposed by law, duty which is owed to people generally (in rem) damnum sine injuria and injuria since damnum Tort distinguished from crime and breach of contract The concept of unliquidated damages. Changing scope of law of torts: expanding character of duties owed to people generally due to complexities of modern society Object- prescribing standards of human conduct, Redressal of wrongs by payment of compensation, prescribing unlawful conduct by injunction. The module gives understanding of the nature of law of tort, rights and duties nad how the tort law differs form the law of contract and crime. The basic concept of the law of tort and the types of tortuous liability has been defined. References: Law of Torts , R.K. Bangia, 19th Edition, 2008, Publisher: Allahabad Law Agency, Pages-3 to 25 Salmond and Hueston on the law of Torts, R.F.V.Hueston and R.A. Buckley, 20th edition, Publisher: Sweet and Maxwell, Universal Law Publishing House Ramaswamy Iyers Law of Torts, By A. Laxminath and M. Sridhar, 10th Edition, Publisher: Lexis Nexis, Butterwroths Winfield & Jolowicz Tort, W.V.H. Rogers, 17th Edition 2006, Publisher: Thomson, Sweet& Maxwell, Pages-1 to 71 Street on Torts, By John Murphy, 11th edition 2003, Publisher: Oxford University Press, Pages-1 to 18 The Law of Torts, Ratanlal and Dhirajlal, 24th Edition, Wadhwa and Co. Nagpur, Cases: 1. Ashby v. White (1703) 2 Ld. Raym. 938 2. Rookes v. Barnard (1964) AC 1027 3. White v. John Warwick & Co. Ltd. (1953) 2 WLR 1285 4. Acton v. Blundell (1843) 12 M & W 324 5. The Municipal Board of Agra v. Asharfial AIR 1922 All 1 5

Module-2 Principles of Liability in Torts Fault Wrongful intent Negligence Liability without fault Violation of ethical codes Statutory liability Place of motive in torts References: Law of Torts , R.K. Bangia, 19th Edition, 2008, Publisher: Allahabad Law Agency, Pages- 25 to 32 Salmond and Hueston on the law of Torts, R.F.V.Hueston and R.A. Buckley, 20th edition, Publisher: Sweet and Maxwell, Universal Law Publishing House Ramaswamy Iyers Law of Torts, By A. Laxminath and M. Sridhar, 10th Edition, Publisher: Lexis Nexis, Butterwroths The Law of Torts, Ratanlal and Dhirajlal, 24th Edition, Wadhwa and Co. Nagpur, Cases: 1. Jayalakshmi Salt Works Pvt Ltd. v. State of Gujrath (1994) 4 SCC 1 2. Town Area Committee v. Prabhu Dayal AIR 1975 All. 132 3. State of Andhra Pradesh v. Govardhnalal Pitti (2003) 3 SCALE 107 4. In re. Polemis (1921) 3 KB 560 5. Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd. v. Morris Dock & Engg. Co. Ltd. (The Wagon Mound Case) (1961) 1 All E R 404 6. Smith v. Leech Brain & Co. (1961) 1 All E R 1159 7. Mc Ghee v. National Coal Board (1972) 3 All E R 1008 8. Hotson v. East Buckshire Area Heath Authority (1987) 2 All E R 909 9. Liesbosch Dredger v. Edison (1933) AC 449 10. Smith v. L & S W Rly Co. (1870) LR 6 C.P. 14 11. Wilkinson v. Downtown (1897) 2 QB 57 12. Hughes v. Lord Advocate (1963) 1 All E R 705 13. Haynes v Harwood (1935) 1 KB 146 Module-3 Justification in Tort Volenti non fit injuria Necessity, Private and Public Plaintiffs default Act of god Inevitable accident Private defence Statutory authority Judicial and quasi-judicial acts Parental and quasi-parental authority

References:

 Law of Torts , R.K. Bangia, 19th Edition, 2008, Publisher: Allahabad Law Agency, Pages- 33 to 57 Salmond and Hueston on the law of Torts, R.F.V.Hueston and R.A. Buckley, 20th edition, Publisher: Sweet and Maxwell, Universal Law Publishing House Ramaswamy Iyers Law of Torts, By A. Laxminath and M. Sridhar, 10th Edition, Publisher: Lexis Nexis, Butterwroths The Law of Torts, Ratanlal and Dhirajlal, 24th Edition, Wadhwa and Co. Nagpur, Winfield & Jolowicz Tort, W.V.H. Rogers, 17th Edition 2006, Publisher: Thomson, Sweet& Maxwell, Pages-1057 to 1098 A Casebook on Tort, Tony Weir, 10th Edition(2004) Thomson, Sweet & Maxwells, Pages-241 to 262 Street on Torts, By John Murphy, 11th edition 2003, Publisher: Oxford University Press, Pages-85 to 109 Cases: 1. Hall v. Brooklands Auto Racing Club (1932) 1 KB 205 2. Smith v. Baker and Sons (1891) AC 325 3. South Indian Industrial Ltd. Madras v. Alamulu Anmal (1923) MWN 344 4. Haynes v. Harwood (1935) 1 KB 146 5. Ramchand Ram Nagaram Rice & Oil Mills Ltd. v. Municipal Commissioner of Purilla Municipality (1943) ILR 22 Pat 359 6. Gillick v. West Norfolk & Wiseback Area Health Authority (1985) 3 All E R 402 7. Wooldridge v. Summer (1962) 2 All E R 978 8. Bird v. Hotbrook (1828) 4 Bin 628 9. Reeves v. Commission of Police of the Metropolitan (1998) 2 All E R 381 Module-4 Actio personalise moritur cum persona exceptions Waiver and acquiescence Release Accord and satisfaction Limitation

References: Law of Torts , R.K. Bangia, 19th Edition, 2008, Publisher: Allahabad Law Agency, Pages- 33 t 57 Winfield & Jolowicz Tort, W.V.H. Rogers, 17th Edition 2006, Publisher: Thomson, Sweet& Maxwell, Pages-1099 to1030 Street on Torts, By John Murphy, 11th edition 2003, Publisher: Oxford University Press, Pages-621 to 635 The Law of Torts, Ratanlal and Dhirajlal, 24th Edition, Wadhwa and Co. Nagpur, Cases: 1. Rose v. Ford 1937 AC 826. 2. Klaus Mittelbachert v. The East India Hotels Ltd. AIR 1997 Del 201p.231

Module-5 Standing Who may sue aggrieved individual class action social action group Statutes granting standing to certain persons or groups Who may be sued? References: Law of Torts , R.K. Bangia, 19th Edition, 2008, Publisher: Allahabad Law Agency, Pages- 58 to 86 Salmond and Hueston on the law of Torts, R.F.V.Hueston and R.A. Buckley, 20th edition, Publisher: Sweet and Maxwell Universal Law Publishing House Ramaswamy Iyers Law of Torts, A. Laxminath and M. Sridhar, 10th Edition, Publisher: Lexis Nexis, Butterwroths The Law of Torts, Ratanlal and Dhirajlal, 24th Edition, Wadhwa and Co. Nagpur, Winfield & Jolowicz Tort, W.V.H. Rogers, 17th Edition 2006, Publisher: Thomson, Sweet& Maxwell, Pages-1025 to1057 Street on Torts, By John Murphy, 11th edition 2003, Publisher: Oxford University Press, Pages-637 to 659 Cases: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Campbell v. Paddington Corporation (1911) 1 KB 869 Robinson v. Post Office (1974) All E R 737 Walker v. G N Railway and Co. of Ireland (1861) L.R Ir. 69 Naval Kishore v. Rameshwar AIR 1995 AIL 594 Merryweather v. Nixan (1799) 8 TR 186

Module-6 Doctrine of Sovereign immunity and its relevance in India References: Law of Torts , R.K. Bangia, 19th Edition, 2008, Publisher: Allahabad Law Agency, Pages- 119 to 145 The Law of Torts, Ratanlal and Dhirajlal, 24th Edition, Wadhwa and Co. Nagpur, Street on Torts, By John Murphy, 11th edition 2003, Publisher: Oxford University Press, Pages-457 -473, 539597 Cases: 1. Lloyd v. Grace Smith & Co. (1912) AC 716 2. State Bank of India v. Shyama Devi AIR 1978 SC 1263 3. State Bank f Ranjasthan v. Vidyawati AIR 1962 SC 933 4. Kasturilal Ralia Ram Jain v. State of UP AIR 1965 SC 1039 5. N Nagendra Rao & Co. v. State of AP AIR 1994 SC 2663 6. Chairman Railway Road v. Chandrima Das AIR 2000 SC 988 7. Peninsular and Oriental Navigation Company v. Secretary of State for India (1861) 5 Bom. HCR App. 1, p.1 Module-7 Basis, scope and justification Express authorization Ratification 8

Abetment Special Relationships Master and servant arising out of and in the course of employment who is master? the control test who is servant? borrowed servant independent contractor and servant, distinguished Principal and agent Corporation and principal officer

References: Law of Torts , R.K. Bangia, 19th Edition, 2008, Publisher: Allahabad Law Agency, Pages- 89 to 118 Salmond and Hueston on the law of Torts, R.F.V.Hueston and R.A. Buckley, 20th edition, Publisher: Sweet and Maxwell Universal Law Publishing House Ramaswamy Iyers Law of Torts, A. Laxminath and M. Sridhar, 10th Edition, Publisher: Lexis Nexis, Butterwroths Winfield & Jolowicz Tort, W.V.H. Rogers, 17th Edition 2006, Publisher: Thomson, Sweet& Maxwell, Pages-879-918 Street on Torts, By John Murphy, 11th edition 2003, Publisher: Oxford University Press, Pages-551-575 A Casebook on Tort, Tony Weir, 10th Edition(2004), Thomson Sweet & Maxwells, Pages-269-318 The Law of Torts, Ratanlal and Dhirajlal, 24th Edition, Wadhwa and Co. Nagpur, Cases: 1. Mersery Docks and Harbour Board v. Coggins & Griffith (Liverpool) Ltd. (1947) AC 1, 17 2. Lister v. Hesley Hall (1856) 1 D & B 118 3. Tarry v. Ashton (1876) 1 QBD 314 Torts Module-8 against persons and personal relations Assault, battery, mayhem False imprisonment Defamation libel, slander including law relating to privileges Marital relations, domestic relations, parental relations, master and servant relations Malicious prosecution Shortened expectation of life Nervous shock

References: Salmond and Hueston on the law of Torts, R.F.V.Hueston and R.A. Buckley, 20th edition, Publisher: Sweet and Maxwell Universal Law Publishing House Ramaswamy Iyers Law of Torts, A. Laxminath and M. Sridhar, 10th Edition, Publisher: Lexis Nexis, Butterwroths Winfield & Jolowicz Tort, W.V.H. Rogers, 17th Edition 2006, Publisher: Thomson, Sweet& Maxwell, Pages- Pages-879-918 Street on Torts, By John Murphy, 11th edition 2003, Publisher: Oxford University Press, Pages-551-575 A Casebook on Tort, Tony Weir, 10th Edition(2004), Thomson Sweet & Maxwells, Pages-269-318 9

 The Law of Torts, Ratanlal and Dhirajlal, 24th Edition, Wadhwa and Co. Nagpur, Cases: 1. Nemi Chand v. Wallace (1907) ILR 34 Cal. 2. Tushar Kanthi Ghosh v. Bina Bhowmick (1952) 57 CWN 3778 3. R K Karanjia v. K M D Thakersey AIR 1970 Bom 424 4. Cassidy v. Daily Mirror (1929) 2 KB 331 5. Sim v. Stretch (1936) 52 TLR 669\ 6. M C Vergheeses v, T J Poonam AIR 1970 SC 1876 Module: 9 Wrongs affecting property Trespass to land, trespass ab initio, dispossession Movable property- trespass to goods, detinue, conversion Torts against business interests injurious falsehood, misstatements, passing off References: Law of Torts , R.K. Bangia, 19th Edition, 2008, Publisher: Allahabad Law Agency Pages-89 to 118 Salmond and Hueston on the law of Torts, R.F.V.Hueston and R.A. Buckley, 20th edition, Publisher: Sweet and Maxwell, Universal Law Publishing House Ramaswamy Iyers Law of Torts, A. Laxminath and M. Sridhar, 10th Edition, Publisher: Lexis Nexis, Butterwroths Winfield & Jolowicz Tort, W.V.H. Rogers, 17th Edition 2006 Publisher: Thomson Sweet& Maxwell, Pages-879-918 Street on Torts, John Murphy, 11th edition 2003, Publisher: Oxford University Press Pages-551-575 The Law of Torts, Ratanlal and Dhirajlal, 24th Edition, Wadhwa and Co. Nagpur, A Casebook on Tort, Tony Weir, 10th Edition(2004), Thomson Sweet & Maxwells Pages-269-318 Cases: 1. 2. 3. Meering v. Grahame white Aviation Co. (1920) 121 ILT 44 Herring v. Boyle 1949 All E R 1126 Rookes v. Bernard (1964) AC 1129 Module-10 Negligence Basic concepts Theories of negligence Standards of care, duty to take care, carelessness, inadvertence Doctrine of contributory negligence Res ipsa loquitor and its importance in contemporary law 10

Liability due to negligence: different professionals Liability of common carriers for negligence Product liability due to negligence: liability of manufacturers and business houses for their products References: Law of Torts , R.K. Bangia, 19th Edition, 2008, Publisher: Allahabad Law Agency Pages Salmond and Hueston on the law of Torts, R.F.V.Hueston and R.A. Buckley, 20th edition, Publisher: Sweet and Maxwell, Universal Law Publishing House Ramaswamy Iyers Law of Torts, A. Laxminath and M. Sridhar, 10th Edition, Publisher: Lexis Nexis, Butterwroths Winfield & Jolowicz Tort, W.V.H. Rogers, 17th Edition 2006 Publisher: Thomson Sweet& Maxwell, Pages Street on Torts, John Murphy, 11th edition 2003, Publisher: Oxford University Press Pages-551-575 The Law of Torts, Ratanlal and Dhirajlal, 24th Edition, Wadhwa and Co. Nagpur, A Casebook on Tort, Tony Weir, 10th Edition(2004), Thomson Sweet & Maxwells Pages-269-318 Cases: 1. Donoghue v. Stevenson (1932) AC 562 2. Municipal Corporation of Delhi v. Subhagwati AIR 1966 SC 1750 3. Municipal Corporation of Delhi v. Sushil Devi AIR 1999 SC 1929 4. Association of Victims of Upahar Tragedy v. Union of India 86 (2000) DLT 246 5. Pinnamaneni Narasimha Rao v. Gundavarapu Jayaprakash AIR 1990 A.P 207 6. Lucknow Development Authority v. M K Gupta AIR 1994 SC 787 7. Indian Medical Association v. V P Shantha AIR 1996 SC 550 8. M/s Spring Meadows Hospital v. Harjot Singh Anluwalia AIR 1998 SC 1801 9. Grant v. Australian Knitting Mills (1936) AC 85 10. Murphy v. Birmingham Waterworls (1990) 2 All E R 269 11. Heaven v. Pender (1883) 11 QBD 503 12. Bolton v. Stone (1951) AC 850 13. Union of India v. United India Insurance AIR 1998 SC 640 14. Rajkot Municipal Corporation v. Manjulaben Jayantilal Nukum (1997) 9 SCC 552 15. Allen v. Gulf Oil Refinery Ltd (1981) 1 All E R 353 16. Baker v. T E Hopkins & Sons (1959) 1 WLR 966 17. Admirality Commissioner v. S.S.Volute (1922) 1 AC 129 18. Hambrook v. Stoke Brothers (1925) 1 KB 141 19. Bourhill v. Young (1943) AC 92 20. Mc. Laughlin v. OBrian (1982) 2 All E R 736 21. Alcock v. Chief Constable of South Yorkshire (1991) 4 All E R 907 22. Page v. Smith (1995) 2 All E R 298 23. Mariach v. QRZ Media (Unreported case on IIED) 24. Fletcher v. Western National Life Insurance Co.[1970] 10 CA 3d 376 11

Module: 11 Nuisance Definition, essentials and types Acts which constitute nuisance obstructions of highways, pollution of air, water, noise, and interference with light and air

References: Law of Torts , R.K. Bangia, 19th Edition, 2008, Publisher: Allahabad Law Agency Pages Salmond and Hueston on the law of Torts, R.F.V.Hueston and R.A. Buckley, 20th edition, Publisher: Sweet and Maxwell, Universal Law Publishing House Ramaswamy Iyers Law of Torts, A. Laxminath and M. Sridhar, 10th Edition, Publisher: Lexis Nexis, Butterwroths Winfield & Jolowicz Tort, W.V.H. Rogers, 17th Edition 2006 Publisher: Thomson Sweet& Maxwell, Pages The Law of Torts, Ratanlal and Dhirajlal, 24th Edition, Wadhwa and Co. Nagpur, A Casebook on Tort, Tony Weir, 10th Edition(2004), Thomson Sweet & Maxwells Pages-269-318 Cases: 1. Hollywood Silver farm v. Emmet (1936) 2 KB 468 2. Sturgess v. Bridgeman (1879) 11 Ch. D. 852 3. Kuldeep Singh v. Subhash Chand Jain Module: 12. Absolute/Strict liability The rule in Rylands v. Fletcher Liability for harm caused by inherently dangerous industries References: Law of Torts , R.K. Bangia, 19th Edition, 2008, Publisher: Allahabad Law Agency Pages Salmond and Hueston on the law of Torts, R.F.V.Hueston and R.A. Buckley, 20th edition, Publisher: Sweet and Maxwell, Universal Law Publishing House Ramaswamy Iyers Law of Torts, A. Laxminath and M. Sridhar, 10th Edition, Publisher: Lexis Nexis, Butterwroths Winfield & Jolowicz Tort, W.V.H. Rogers, 17th Edition 2006 Publisher: Thomson Sweet& Maxwell, Pages The Law of Torts, Ratanlal and Dhirajlal, 24th Edition, Wadhwa and Co. Nagpur, A Casebook on Tort, Tony Weir, 10th Edition(2004), Thomson Sweet & Maxwells Pages-269-318 12

Cases: 1. Rylands v.Fletcher (1868) LR 3 HL 330 2. Read v. Lyons & Co. (1947) AC 156 3. Cambridge Water wroks Co. v. Eastern Countries Leather (1994) 1 All E R 53 4. M P Electricity Board v. Sahil Kumar AIR 2002 SC 551 5. State of Mysore v. Ramachandra (1970) 73 Bom. LR 732 6. Greencock Corporation v. Caledonian Railway (1917) AC 556 7. M C Mehta v. Union of India (Olium Oil Case) AIR 1978 SC 1086 8. UCC v. Union of India (Bhopal Gas Leak) AIR 1990 SC 273 9. Upahar Tragedy Case 2001 SOL Case No. 470 Module: 13 Legal remedies Legal remedies Award of damages simple, special, punitive Remoteness of damage- foreseeability and directness Injunction Specific restitution of property Extra-legal remedies-self-help, re-entry on land, re-caption of goods, distress damage feasant and abatement of nuisance

References: Law of Torts , R.K. Bangia, 19th Edition, 2008, Publisher: Allahabad Law Agency Pages Salmond and Hueston on the law of Torts, R.F.V.Hueston and R.A. Buckley, 20th edition, Publisher: Sweet and Maxwell, Universal Law Publishing House Ramaswamy Iyers Law of Torts, A. Laxminath and M. Sridhar, 10th Edition, Publisher: Lexis Nexis, Butterwroths Winfield & Jolowicz Tort, W.V.H. Rogers, 17th Edition 2006 Publisher: Thomson Sweet& Maxwell, Pages The Law of Torts, Ratanlal and Dhirajlal, 24th Edition, Wadhwa and Co. Nagpur, A Casebook on Tort, Tony Weir, 10th Edition(2004), Thomson Sweet & Maxwells PagesModule: 14 Consumer Protection Act, 1986 References: Cases: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Laxmi Engineering Works v PSG Industrial Institute AIR 1995 SC 1428 Donoghue v Stevenson (1932) ac 562 Dr Laxman Balakrishna Joshi v Dr Trimbak Bapu Godbole AIR 1969 SC 128 Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co (1893) 1 QB 256 While v John Warrick and Co Ltd (1953) 1 WLR 1285 White v Munuswami AIR 1966 Mad 13 13

7. Sumant Prasad v Sheojanam 1972 Cr LJ 1707 (SC) Consumer Goods Services Defect and Deficiencies Restrictive Trade Practice Unfair Trade Practice

Cases: 1. Indian Medical Association v VP Santha AIR 1996 SC 550 2. Regional Provident Fund Commissioner Vs Shiv Kumar Joshi AIR 2000 SC 331 3. Lucknow Developmental Authority v/s MK Gupta, AIR 1994 SC 78. 4. Spring Meadows Hospital and Anr v Harjol Ahluwalia & Anr (1998) 4 SCC 39 5. M/s Cheema Engineering Services v Rajan Singh 1996 (2) CPR 11 (NC) 6. Mukesh Jain v VK Gupta 1992 (2) CPJ 493 (NC) 7. Akhil Bhartiya Grahak Panchayat v Secretary Sharda Bhawan Education Society 1994 (2) CPJ 283 (NC) 8. Samira Kohli Vs.Dr. Prabha Manchanda and Anr. SC853, 2008(1)SCALE442, (2008)2SCC1, MANU/SC/0430/2008 Central Consumer Protection Council State Consumer Protection Council District Consumer Dispute Redressal Forum State Consumer Dispute Redressal Commission National Consumer Dispute Redressal Commissioin The Supreme Court

1. MD Orissa Cooperative Housing Corporation Ltd v KS Sudarsan MANU/CF/0182/2002 2. State of Haryana v National Consumer Awareness Group 2005 (5) SCC 284 3. Dy Registrar Colleges and Anr v. Ruchika Jain and Others MANU/CF/0158/2006 4. M/s India Photographic Co Ltd v HD shourie AIR 1999 SC 2453 5. Lucknow Developmental Authority v/s MK Gupta, AIR 1994 SC 78. 6. Consumer Education & Research Society & Anr. v/s New India Assurance Co. Ltd. & Ors. (CLJ -II-April, 2008). 7. India Photographic Co. Ltd. v/s HD Shourie, AIR 1999 SC 2453. 8. Jacob Mathew v. State of Punjab and Anr. MANU/SC/0457/2005 : (2005) 6 SC 9. Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh Vs. Jaspal Singh and Ors. SCALE601, (2009)7SCC330 Module-15 The Motor Vehicles Act, 1989 1. Machindranath Kernath Kasar Vs. D.S. Mylarappa and Ors. MANU/SC/2484/2008, AIR2008SC2545, 2. Minu B. Mehta and Anr. v. Balkrishna Ramchandra Nayan and Anr. MANU/SC/0246/1977 : [1977]2SCR886 14

3. Greater Bombay v. Laxman Iyer and Anr. MANU/SC/0836/2003 : AIR2003SC4182 4. Malay Kumar Ganguly Vs. Dr. Sukumar Mukherjee and Ors. AIR2010SC1162, MANU/SC/1416/2009 5. Reshma Kumari and Ors. vs. Madan Mohan and Anr. (23.07.2009 - SC) 6. Ningamma and Anr. vs. United India Insurance Co. Ltd. (13.05.2009 - SC) 7. New India Assurance Co. Ltd. vs. Bismillah Bai and Ors. (20.03.2009 - SC) 8. A.P.S.R.T.C. and Anr. vs. K. Hemalata and Ors. (16.05.2008 - SC) 9. Oriental Insurance Co. Ltd. vs. Premlata Shukla and Ors. (15.05.2007 SC) THE LIST OF THE CASES WILL BE GIVEN SEPERATELY IN THE CLASS ROOM. Clinical Exercises The following types of exercises will be conducted in clinical exercise classes. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Problem Solving MCQ Case Analysis Moot Court Class Test Group Discussion-Current topics News-analysis, application of Laws Drafting of complaints as consumer

Term Assignment Schedule Sr. 1 2 Assignment s Class Test Problems Method Test Commenceme nt date August-2nd week September -4th week Date of submission August-2nd week September -4th week October4th week Total Marks 30 40

MCQ

Proble m Solving test Multiple October-4th choice week quiz

30 100

15