FALCULTY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATION SEMESTER JANUARY 2012

CBST3103

SWITCHING TECHNOLOGIES

NO. MATRIC NO. IDENTITY CARD NO. TELEFONE E-MAIL

: : : :

770831145317-001 770831145317 019-2200530 / 06-6515191 mdnazir77@yahoo.com

LEARNING CENTER

N. SEMBILAN LEARNING CENTER

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0

PROJECT BACKGROUND

2.0

MULTISTAGE NETWORK LAYOUT

3.0 SWITCHES PROBLEM AND HOW TO OVERCOME IT

3.0.1 3.0.2

SNB ( Stritly Non - Blocking ) RNB ( Rearrangeably Non - Blocking )

4.0 SWITCHES TECHNIQUE AND ADVANTAGES 4.0.1 4.0.2 Packet Switching Packet Switching Advantages

5.0 REFERENCE

1.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND This paper assignment was meant to study and to understand in order to determine the suitable network layout for the required scenario. This assignment scenario is to determine the suitable development of the High Speed Network for the customer named Syarikat Pembekal Binaan Sdn. Bhd. by using a switching technology. The criteria of the design is consist total 18 input and output which must link up together with 8 Supplier Company , 2 Warehouses and 8 Distributions Company. As the switching technologies may cause the problem in the design , the explanation also need to be state in this assignment to overcome this problem. In this scenario , we assume the customer are not a computer literate person, then the suggestion a suitable switching technique and other advantages for the new design need to be explain and discuss.

2.0

MULTISTAGE NETWORK LAYOUT

As refer to the assignment scenario. The company that assigned this job to us requesting the High Speed Network system for their company. There will be a 18 nodes or input which consist 8 supplier , 2 Warehouses and 8 Distribution company that need to be link up together.. As the difficulties and limitation issue may arise to build a single large crossbar switch we plan to implement the Multi- Stage Switches Network. Since the Input / Output require is 18 , so then we will using the 3 X 3 Switch Element for the First and the Third Stage , while 6 x 6 switch element will be used at the Second Stage. The type of the network layout is the CLOS Network.

Figure 1.0 A CLOS network layout for Syarikat Pembekal Binaan Sdn. Bhd.

3.0 SWITCHES PROBLEM AND HOW TO OVERCOME IT

Problem may arise when switches are used in the design. The common problem is the 'BLOCKING' problem. Which this problem occur during resources that have been sharing among users do not meet the connection availability and capability. There are many solution to overcome this 'Blocking' issue , but we'll choose the 2 type of the solution by using the SNB ( Strictly Non- Blocking ) and RSB (Rearrangeably Non Blocking ) switches. We will design the non blocking switching network according to this 2 type of switch. 3.0.1 SNB ( Strictly Non - Blocking ) This is the definition of the SNB - A switch that are became a SNB type when an idle input can always be connected to an idle output while maintaining the existing connection connectivity on the same switch which are still undisturbed or unaltered. For this CLOS type network we will look on into the SNB for CLOS network. The condition to make it the network become a SNB , layout must be follow accordingly to the rules of the Theorem SNB CLOS Network. Which a 3 stage CLOS network must be build if and only = r2 > m1 + n3 1. Means that the (m1-1) input at a First Stage that a connected to the (n3-1) output in Third Stage must not overlapping with the set of (n3-1) Output at other Third Stage switch of interest. Which means they must not share a common Second Stage switch. As result . It need a total of (m1-1) + (n3-1) = (m1+ n3 -2 ) for the Second stage switch to fulfill the requirement to became a SNB CLOS network Type. Because of that , the Second Stage switches is act like a bridge to connect between First Stage and the Third Stage. The more Second Stage switches are relocate the more connection can be made.

3.0.2 RNB ( Rearrange ably Non - Blocking ) Other method to overcome the 'BLOCKING' problem is by using the RNB ( Rearrange ably Non Blocking ) switches. For a brief this is the RNB definition. RSB - Is a switch that use for all input output mappings , means a connection between an input -output pair is exist for all pair in the network mapping. The RSB switches condition is like a SNB condition , which it requires minimum number switching element in Second Stage in a CLOS Network. It follow the certain Theorem rule which is = r2 > max (m1, n3) , where max (m1 n3) is the maximum value between m1 and the n3. Means that the r2 = 3 must be less that m1 + n3 1 to make it as a RSB Switches.

Figure 2.0 A RSB Clos Network. As refer to the figure 2.0 which is specified by ( 3,2,2,2,3 ). The r2 is less than the m1 + n3 -1. In this layout 4 connection has to been setup. With 4 connection have been setup , and if the fifth connection are required , it can only be connect to output e. It will make the r2 = 3 = max (m1,n3). Which means this is the RSB network.

4.0 SWITCHING TECHNIQUE AND ADVANTAGES The better suggestion for the best switching technique to use with above network design is Packet Switching. The Packet Switching have many advantages over the Circuit Switching and the Virtual Circuit Switching. 4.0.1 Packet Switching Before that we'll define the definition of the Packet Switching. The Packet Switching is the different switching technique which the data will be separate or divide into a several part named 'packet'. Each packet will be assign with the 'header' ( an address ) , so that it know where is it destination. The 'packet' do not have a dedicate route , so that it can be transmitted throughout different routes. Once it reach to the destination accordingly to the 'header'. It will be merge again as a complete data. Before that , the special control process will be run since the 'packet' might be not in proper order since it transfer trough the different route or time accordingly to the traffic. As refer to the Figure 3.0 , we can see how the 'packet' are been processed.

Figure 3.0 Packet Switching Process

4.0.2 Packet Switching Advantages Packet switching have many unique advantages over other Switching Techinque. It was use mainly for handling a digital data. Below is the list of Packet Switching Advantages. 1. In other switching technique , the whole data will be transmitted to the dedicated line , but Packet Switching will broken down the data into a several packet to transfter. This will make the transmitting process more fast and realiable, 2. The Packet switching do not have a dedicated route . So that the packet can be send troughout different route or time depend on the traffic. 3. There is no need for packet witching to have a call set-up procedure , while circuit switching need it in order to establish a path. 4. No Bandwith Reservation in Packet Switching and user can send as many data as the user want but if the network do not have a sufficient bandwith to transmit the packet , some data might be lost. 5. The Packet Switching can support and use in the connectionless services.

As refer to the below figure , It is a Table of Comparison between Circuit Switching and Packet Switching. Here we can see other advantage of the Packet Switching.

Figure 4.0 Comparison of Circuit Switching and Packet Switching

6.0 REFERENCE 1. Dr. Wilson Chu Hon-wai ( OUHK) ( 2010 ). Switching Technologies. (OUM Module). Open University Malaysia and Open University Hong Kong, February 2011 , CBST3103. 2. Clos, Charles (Mar 1953). "A Study Of Non-Blocking Switching Networks". Bell System Technical Journal 32 (2): 406424. ISSN 00058580. 3. Hui, J Y: "Switching and Traffic Theory for Integrated Broadband Networks", Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990. 4. http://www.stanford.edu/class/ee384y/Handouts/clos_networks.pdf. Retrived on 20 Mac 2012. 5. Melasutra Md Deli , Nikmatul Adha Nordin , (2010). Is There an Integrated Society in Urban Neighbourhoods of Klang Valley in Malaysia?.Journal of Sustainable Development (2010) -Vol. 3, No. 3; September 2010