A History of Progress

Selected U.S. Papers in Geotechnical Engineering

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Volume One
A Science of Soil Action ............................................................................................................. 1
ENR, 95(19), 740. Reprinted from Engineering News-Record, copyright
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1925, All rights reserved.
Principles of Soil Mechanics: I-Phenomena of Cohesion of Clay ..........................................2
Charles Terzaghi
ENR, 95(19), 742-746. Reprinted from Engineering News-Record,
copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1925, All rights reserved.
Principles of Soil Mechanics: II-Compressive Strength of Clay .............................................7
Charles Terzaghi
ENR, 95(20), 796-800. Reprinted from Engineering News-Record,
copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1925, All rights reserved.
Principles of Soil Mechanics: III-Determination of Permeability of Clay ............................. 12
Charles Terzaghi
ENR, 95(21), 832-836. Reprinted from Engineering News-Record,
copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1925, All rights reserved.
Principles of Soil Mechanics: IV-Settlement and Consolidation of Clay.............................. 17
Charles Terzaghi
ENR, 95(22), 874-878. Reprinted from Engineering News-Record,
copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1925, All rights reserved.
Principles of Soil Mechanics: V-Physical Differences Between Sand and Clay ...................22
Charles Terzaghi
ENR, 95(23), 912-915. Reprinted from Engineering News-Record,
copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1925, All rights reserved.
Principles of Soil Mechanics: VI-Elastic Behavior of Sand and Clay ...................................26
Charles Terzaghi
ENR, 95(25), 987-990. Reprinted from Engineering News-Record,
copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1925, All rights reserved.
Principles of Soil Mechanics: VII-Friction in Sand and in Clay.......................................... 30
Charles Terzaghi
ENR, 95(26), 1026-1029. Reprinted from Engineering News-Record,
copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1925, All rights reserved.
Principles of Soil Mechanics: VIII-Future Development and Problems.............................. 34
Charles Terzaghi
ENR, 95(27), 1064-1068. Reprinted from Engineering News-Record,
copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1925, All rights reserved.

Effect of Minor Geologic Details on the Safety of Dams ....................................................... 39

Charles Terzaghi
American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers. Technical
Publication 215, Geology and Engineering for Dams and Reservoirs, 3146, New York: 1929. Reprinted with permission.
Fundamental Principles of Soil Compaction ......................................................................... 55
R.R. Proctor
ENR, 111(9), 245-248. Reprinted from Engineering News-Record,
copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1933, All rights reserved.
Description of Field and Laboratory Methods ........................................................................59
R.R. Proctor
ENR, Sept. 7, 1933, 286-289. Reprinted from Engineering News-Record,
copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1933, All rights reserved.
Field and Laboratory Verification of Soil Suitability............................................................... 63
R.R. Proctor
ENR, Sept. 21, 1933, 348-351. Reprinted from Engineering News-Record,
copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1933, All rights reserved.
New Principles Applied to Actual Dam-Building .................................................................. 67
R.R. Proctor
ENR, Sept. 28, 1933, 372-376. Reprinted from Engineering News-Record,
copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1933, All rights reserved.
Large Retaining-Wall Tests: I-Pressure of Dry Sand........................................................... 72
Karl Terzaghi
ENR, Feb. 1, 1934, 136-140. Reprinted from Engineering News-Record,
copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1934, All rights reserved.
Large Retaining-Wall Tests: II-Pressure of Saturated Sand ............................................... 77
Karl Terzaghi
ENR, Feb. 22, 1934, 259-262. Reprinted from Engineering News-Record,
copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1934, All rights reserved.
Large Retaining-Wall Tests: III-Action of Water Pressure on Fine-Grained Soils............. 81
Karl Terzaghi
ENR, March 8, 1934, 316-318. Reprinted from Engineering News-Record,
copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1934, All rights reserved.
Large Retaining-Wall Tests: IV-Effect of Capillary Forces in Partly Saturated Fill ...........84
Karl Terzaghi
ENR, March 29, 1934, 403-406. Reprinted from Engineering NewsRecord, copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1934, All rights
reserved.
Large Retaining Wall Tests: V-Pressure of Glacial Till ....................................................... 88
Karl Terzaghi
ENR, Apr. 19, 1934, 503-508. Reprinted from Engineering News-Record,
copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1934, All rights reserved.
General Theory of Three-Dimensional Consolidation........................................................... 94
Maurice A. Biot
J. Appl. Phys., 12(2),155-164. Reprinted with permission. Copyright 1941,
American Institute of Physics.
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Characteristics of Cohesionless Soils Affecting the Stability of

Slopes and Earth Fills .......................................................................................................... 104
Arthur Casagrande
J. Boston Soc. of Civ. Engrs., 23(1), 13-32, 1936. Reprinted with
permission.
The Determination of the Pre-Consolidation Load and Its Practical Significance:
A Discussion by Letter ...........................................................................................................124
Arthur Casagrande
Proc. 1st Int. Conf. Soil Mech. and Foundation Engrg., Vol. 3, 1936,
Graduate School of Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.,
60-64. Reprinted with permission.
Calculation of the Stability of Earth Dams...........................................................................129
Wolmar Fellenius
Trans. 2nd Congress on Large Dams (Washington, D.C.), 4, 445-462,
1936. Reprinted with permission.
Force at a Point in the Interior of a Semi-Infinite Solid ......................................................147
Raymond D. Mindlin
J. Appl. Phys., 7(7), 195-202. Reprinted with permission. Copyright 1936,
American Institute of Physics.
A Fundamental Fallacy in Earth Pressure Computations ................................................. 155
Karl Terzaghi
J. Boston Soc. of Civ. Engrs., 23, 71-88, 1936. Reprinted with permission.
Seepage Through Dams .......................................................................................................173
Arthur Casagrande
J. New England Water Works Assn., 51(2), 131-172, 1937. Reprinted with
permission from the New England Water Works Association.
Stability of Earth Slopes ........................................................................................................215
Donald W. Taylor
J. Boston Soc. of Civ. Engrs., 24, 197-246, 1937. Reprinted with
permission.
Plastic State of Stress Around a Deep Well ..........................................................................265
H.M. Westergaard
J. Boston Soc. of Civ. Engrs., 27(1), 1-5, 1940. Reprinted with permission.
Influence Charts for Computation of Stresses in Elastic Foundations ..............................270
Nathan M. Newmark
University of Illinois Bulletin No. 338, 61(92), 4-25, 1964.
Earth-Pressure Measurements in Open Cuts, Chicago (Ill.) Subway ...............................295
Ralph B. Peck
Trans. ASCE, 108, 1008-1036, 1943.
Consolidation of Fine-Grained Soils by Drain Wells ..........................................................324
Reginald A. Barron
Trans. ASCE, 113, 718-754, 1948.
Classification and Identification of Soils ..............................................................................361
Arthur Casagrande
Trans. ASCE, 113, 901-991, 1948.

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Time Lag and Soil Permeability in Ground-Water Observations ........................................452

M. Juul Hvorslev
USACE:WES, Bulletin 36, 1-50, Vicksburg, Miss., 1949.
Mechanism of Landslides ..................................................................................................... 505
Karl Terzaghi
Application of Geology to Engineering Practice, 83-123. Reprinted in
From Theory to Practice in Soil Mechanics, New York, John Wiley &
Sons, 202-245, 1950. This material is used by permission of John Wiley &
Sons, Inc.
New Piston-Type Soil Sampler ..............................................................................................549
J.O. Osterberg
ENR, 148, Apr. 24, 1952, 77-78. Reprinted from Engineering NewsRecord, copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1952, All rights
reserved.
Control of Foundation Settlements by Preloading ..............................................................551
Stanley D. Wilson
J. Boston Soc. of Civ. Engrs., 40(1), 396-410, 1953. Reprinted with
permission.
Anchored Bulkheads............................................................................................................. 566
Karl Terzaghi
Trans. ASCE, 119, 1243-1280, 1954.
Influence of Geological Factors on the Engineering Properties of Sediments ...................604
Karl Terzaghi
Reprinted with permission of Society of Economic Geologists, Inc. Fiftieth
Anniversary Volume, Part II, 557-618, 1955.
Underseepage, Mississippi River Levees, St. Louis District..................................................666
Charles I. Mansur and Robert I. Kaufman
Trans. ASCE, 122, 385-408, 1957.
The Relevance of the Triaxial Test to the Solution of Stability Problems............................690
Alan W. Bishop and Laurits Bjerrum
Proc. ASCE Research Conf. on Shear Strength of Cohesive Soils, 437-501,
ASCE, New York, 1960.
Seepage Requirements of Filters and Pervious Bases ..........................................................755
Harry R. Cedegren
J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., 86(SM5), 15-33, 1960.
Generalized Solutions for Laterally Loaded Piles ................................................................774
Hudson Matlock and Lymon C. Reese
J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., 86(SM5), 63-91, 1960.
Fundamental Aspects of Thixotropy in Soils .......................................................................803
James K. Mitchell
J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., 86(SM3), 1960.
Pile-Driving Analysis by the Wave Equation ........................................................................837
E.A.L. Smith
J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., 86(SM4), 35-61, 1960.

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Past and Future of Applied Soil Mechanics ........................................................................864

Karl Terzaghi
J. Boston Soc. of Civ. Engrs., 48, 1961.
Foundation Vibrations ......................................................................................................... 899
F.E. Richart, Jr.
Trans. ASCE, 127, Part 1, 863-898, 1962.
Stress Dilatancy, Earth Pressures, and Slopes....................................................................935
P .W. Rowe
J. Soil Mech., 89(SM3), 37-61, 1963.
Bearing Capacity of Deep Foundations in Sand..................................................................960
Aleksandar B. Vesi
Reprinted with permission form the Transportation Research Board. In
Highway Research Record 39, Highway Research Board, National
Council, Washington, D.C., 112-153, 1963.
Foundation Behavior of Iron Ore Storage Yards............................................................... 1002
Ralph B. Peck and Tonis Raamot
J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., 90(SM3), 85-122, 1964.
Role of the "Calculated Risk" in Earthwork and Foundation Engineering..................... 1040
Arthur Casagrande
J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., 91(4), 1-40, 1965.
Shallow Foundations .......................................................................................................... 1080
George G. Meyerhof
J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div. (SM2), 21-31, 1965.

Volume Two
Dynamic Response of Footings to Vertical Loading.......................................................... 1091
J. Lysmer and F.E. Richart, Jr.
J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., 92(SM1), 65-91, 1966.
Liquefaction of Saturated Sands During Cyclic Loading ................................................. 1118
H. Bolton Seed and Kenneth L. Lee
J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., 92(SM6), 105-134, 1966.
Progressive Failure in Slopes of Overconsolidated Plastic Clay and Clay Shales............. 1148
Laurits Bjerrum
J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., 93(SM5), 3-49, 1967.
Stress Path Method .............................................................................................................1195
T. William Lambe
J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., 93(SM6), 309-331, 1967.
Design Procedures for Dynamically Loaded Foundations............................................... 1218
R.V. Whitman and F.E. Richart, Jr.
J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., 93(SM6), 169-193, 1967.
Foundation Problems in Sanitary Land Fills ................................................................... 1243
George F. Sowers
J. Sanit. Engrg. Div., 94(SA1), 103-116, 1968.

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Landslides During Earthquakes Due to Soil Liquefaction .............................................. 1257

H. Bolton Seed
J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., 94(SM5), 1055-1122, 1968.
Advantages and Limitations of the Observational Method in
Applied Soil Mechanics....................................................................................................... 1325
R.B. Peck
From Judgment in Geotechnical Engineering: The Professional Legacy of
Ralph B. Peck, J. Dunnicliff and D.U. Deere (eds.), Wiley, New York, 122127, 1984.
The Principle of Reinforced Earth ..................................................................................... 1331
Henri Vidal
Reprinted with permission from the Transportation Research Board. In
Highway Research Record 282, Highway Research Board, National
Council, Washington, D.C., 1-16, 1969.
Nonlinear Analysis of Stress and Strain in Soils............................................................... 1347
James M. Duncan and Chin-Yung Chang
J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., 96(5), 1629-1653, 1970.
Static Cone to Compute Static Settlement over Sand.......................................................... 1372
John H. Schmertmann
J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., 96(SM3), 1011-1043, 1970.
Embankments on Soft Ground .......................................................................................... 1405
Laurits Bjerrum
Performance of Earth and Earth-Supported Structures, Vol. 2, ASCE,
New York, 1-54, 1972.
Shear Modulus and Damping in Soils: Design Equations and Curves...........................1459
Bobby O. Hardin and Vincent P. Drnevich
J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., 98(SM7), 667-692, 1972.
Analysis of Ultimate Loads of Shallow Foundations ......................................................... 1485
Aleksandar S. Vesi
J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., 99(SM1), 45-73, 1973.
Deformation of Earth and Rockfill Dams.......................................................................... 1514
Stanley D. Wilson
Embankment Dam Engineering, Casagrande Volume, Wiley, New York,
365-417, 1973.
New Design Procedure for Stability of Soft Clays .............................................................. 1567
Charles C. Ladd and Roger Foott
J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., 100(GT7), 763-786, 1974.
Some Effects of Dynamic Soil Properties on Soil-Structure Interaction .......................... 1591
F.E. Richart, Jr.
J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., 101(GT12), 1197-1240, 1975.
The Slides in the San Fernando Dams During the Earthquake
of February 9, 1971............................................................................................................. 1635
H. Bolton Seed, Kenneth L. Lee, Izzat M. Idriss, and Faiz I. Makdisi
J. Geotech. Engrg. Div.,101(GT7), 651-688, 1975.

The Piezometer Probe ......................................................................................................... 1674

Anwar E.Z. Wissa, R.Torrence Martin, and John E. Garlanger
Proc. Spec. Conf. on In Situ Measurement of Soil Properties, ASCE, New
York, 536-545. 1975.
Bearing Capacity and Settlement of Pile Foundations ...................................................... 1684
George Geoffrey Meyerhof
J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., 102(GT3), 197-228, 1976.
Simplified Procedure for Estimating Dam and Embankment
Earthquake-Induced Deformations ................................................................................... 1716
Faiz I. Makdesi and H. Bolton Seed
J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., 104(GT7), 849-867, 1978.
Design and Construction of Drilled Shafts ........................................................................1735
Lymon C. Reese
J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., 104(GT1), 95-116, 1978.
Stress Path Method: Second Edition.................................................................................. 1757
T. William Lambe and W. Allen Marr
J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., 105(GT6), 727-738, 1979.
Geology and Geotechnical Engineering ............................................................................. 1769
Robert F. Legget
J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., 105(GT3), 342-389, 1979.
In Situ Tests by Flat Dilatometer ........................................................................................1817
Silvano Marchetti
J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., 106(GT3), 299-321, 1980.
Prediction of Movements for Braced Cuts in Clay.............................................................. 1840
Abdulaziz I. Mana and G. Wayne Clough
J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., 107(GT6), 759-777, 1981.
Investigation of Failures...................................................................................................... 1859
Gerald A. Leonards
J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., 108(GT2), 187-246, 1982.
Ko-OCR Relationships in Soil ............................................................................................. 1919
Paul W. Mayne and Fred H. Kulhawy
J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., 108(GT6), 851-872, 1982.
Basic Properties of Sand and Gravel Filters....................................................................... 1941
James L. Sherard, Lorn P. Dunnigan, and James R. Talbot
J. Geotech. Engrg., 110(6), 684-700, 1984.
Evaluating Calculated Risk in Geotechnical Engineering ................................................. 1958
Robert V. Whitman
J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., 110(2), 145-188, 1984.
State of the Art: Rock Tunneling ........................................................................................2002
Edward J. Cording
Tunnelling in Soil and Rock, K.Y. Lo, ed., ASCE, New York, 77-106, l984.
A New Simplified Method for Load Testing Drilled Shafts ............................................... 2032
Jorj O. Osterberg
Foundation Drilling, 20(17), 9-11, 1984.

xi

Strain Path Method ............................................................................................................ 2035

Mohsen M. Baligh
J. Geotech. Engrg., 111(9), 1108-1136, 1985.
Dynamic Determination of Pile Capacity............................................................................2064
Frank Rausche, George G. Goble, and Garland E. Litkins, Jr.
J. Geotech. Engrg. 111(3), 367-383, 1985.
Influence of SPT Procedures in Soil Liquefaction Resistance Evaluations..................... 2081
H. Bolton Seed, K. Tokimatsu, L.F. Harder, and Riley M. Chung
J. Geotech. Engrg., 111(12), 1425-1445, 1985.
Practical Problems from Surprising Soil Behavior ........................................................... 2102
James K. Mitchell
J. Geotech. Engrg., 112(3), 259-289, 1986.
Hydraulic Fracturing in Embankment Dams .................................................................. 2133
James L. Sherard
J. Geotech. Engrg., 112(10), 905-927, 1986.
Critical Filters for Impervious Soils ....................................................................................2156
J.L. Sherard and L.P. Dunnigan
J. Geotech. Engrg., 115(7), 927-947, 1989.
Construction Induced Movements of Insitu Walls............................................................. 2177
G. Wayne Clough and Thomas D. O'Rourke
Design and Performance of Earth Retaining Structures, 439-470, ASCE,
New York, 1990.
Stability Evaluation During Staged Construction .............................................................. 2209
C.C. Ladd
J. Geotech. Engrg., 117(4), 540-615, 1991.
Reliability Applied to Slope Stability Analysis ..................................................................... 2285
John T. Christian, Charles C. Ladd, and Gregory B. Baecher
J. Geotech. Engrg., 120(12), 2180-2207, 1994.
Side Resistance in Piles and Drilled Shafts ....................................................................... 2313
Michael W. ONeill
J. Geotech. And Geoenvir. Engrg., 127(1), 3-16, 2001.

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