ANATOMICAL STUDY OF ANOMALY STRUCTURE IN Cucurbita

Galuh Novita Ayu, Etik Kusumawati , Putri Rizkiyah, Dianita Puspitasari & Nina Fadlila risqi Prasiwi,

International Biology Class, Mathematics and Sains Faculty, Surabaya State University, 2012, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.

ABSTRACT Cucurbitaceae are important family consisting of approximately 125 genera and 960 species, mainly in tropical and subtropical. All the species are sensitive to frost. Most of the plants in this family are annual vines but there are also woody lianas, thorny shrubs, and trees (Dendrosicyos). The purpose of this experiment to know what kind of anomaly and why the anomaly can be we conduct this anatomical study especially for cucurbitaceae. This research conduct in the Biologys laboratory of Mathematics and Sains Faculty, Surabaya State University in March, 30th 2012 by using the Cucurbita permanent microscope slide stem. This research is done to know Cucurbita anatomical structure and the anomalous growth of dicothyl plant. To compared the anatomical structure of the vascular bundle and find the anomalous structure of cucurbitaceae. A special feature of the Cucurbitaceae is on its structure of vascular bundle of the stem. It has 2 rings of vascular bundle. The first one is located in the cortical area and the second one is located in the medullary area. (Ray F. Evert 2006)

INTRODUCTION Cucurbitaceae are a medium size plant family (T.C. Andres 1995). They live mainly in tropical and subtropical. Most of the plants in this family are annual vines but there are also woody lianas, thorny shrubs, and trees (Dendrosicyos). Plant almost always either herbaceous annual or perennial by means of a storage root, often succulent (sometimes softly woody), vines (rarely shrub or tree, e.g. Acanthosicyos and Dendrosicyos), prostrate or climbing by means of tendrils, coarse and often scabrous with trichomes containing phytoliths, stems typically 5-angled, characterized anatomically by bicollateral vascular bundles often arranged in 2 concentric rings (T.C. Andres 1995). Genus Cucurbita contains some of the earliest domesticated plant species (Smith 1997; Piperno and Stothert 2003). Cucurbita can be called as pumkin. Pumkin seed oil and extraction are increasingly esteemed for their excellent nutritional quality and medicinal value, especially in the prevention and treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia (Blumenthal et al. 1998; Kreuter 2000; Schmidlin and Kreuter 2003). The recent increase in the popularity of pumpkin has stimulated the breeding of new cultivars An anomaly is defined as an unusual but harmless variation from the expected normal. There are anomaly structures in some plants. To know what kind of anomaly and why the anomaly can be there we should know about the plants anatomy. A special feature of the Cucurbitaceae is on its structure of vascular bundle of the stem. It has 2 rings of vascular bundle. The first one is located in the cortical area and the second one is located in the medullary area. (Ray F. Evert 2006)

METODOLOGY This research conduct in the Biologys laboratory of Mathematics and Sains Faculty, Surabaya State University in March, 30th 2012 by using the Cucurbita permanent microscope slide stem. This research is done to know Cucurbita anatomical structure and the anomalous growth of dicothyl plant. Despite the anatomical structure of stem Cucurbita permanent microscope slide would provide a highly efficient descriptive tool for the identification of taxa (families, genera or species). Setting it under the microscope with a low to high magnification to observe anatomy excellently. Further, compared the anatomical structure of the vascular bundle and find the anomalous structure of . After all, using digital camera to take the picture of result microscope observation by using Sonny Digital camera. RESULT Based on the horizontally slice of stem shows different anatomy structure of some species. The anatomical structural of Cucurbita in transverse section from outside toward inside of stem is epidermis, cortex area, vascular bundle, center cell cavity, pith. Cucurbita is dicotyl also. There is occur to secondary growth. In the primary growth havent shows procambium clearly. In Cucurbita Vascular bundles contain both xylem and phloem, but these tissues are arranged differently with the stem bundles of normally structure. Epidermis does not specialized. The cortex is composed of parenchyma and collenchyma (Beck). Vascular bundles of Cucurbita are arranged in two rings. The outer vascular bundle named cortical vascular bundle and the inner named medullary vascular bundle. Meanwhile the vascular bundles of normally structure is arranged in one ring. each having phloem on opposite sides of the xylem (bicollateral bundles).

The vascular region is delimited on the outside by sclerenchyma (perivascular fibers) (Beck)

Schlerenchyma Cucurbita anatomical structure The stems of Cucurbita contain large sieve tube members (Roberts,2011), in phloem bundles that occur both on the outside and on the inside of the xylem (this arrangement is called a bicollateral bundle) (Roberts,2011). Examine cross sections of Cucurbita stem and identify sieve plates and red-staining p-protein, which blocks the sieve plates following injury (Roberts,2011). Examine longitudinal sections of Cucurbita phloem.The cell wall of phloem is very thin so it safe by sclerenchyma as stronger vascular. Xilem area in Cucurbita is modified to form tracheary. In normally structure have functional specialization of xylem cell types there are tracheary and fibers.

tracheary Cucurbita have big cavity in center side but in younger condition, Cucurbita have no cavity yet. In normally structure have no cavity in young stems, but able in old also. DISCUSSION Phloem Cucurbitaceae has tendrils and belong to dycot herbaceous plant. The cortex is composed of parenchyma and

collenchyma. There is an epidermis. It has big cavity in the center of the stem. A cavity has replaced the pith The function of this cavity is used to stored water. The vascular bundle is located between the cell cavity and epidermical tissue. In each vascular bundle consist of sclerencyhma, parenchyma, trachea and phloem. A special feature of the Cucurbitaceae is on its structure of vascular bundle of the stem. It has 2 rings of vascular bundle. The first one is located in the cortical area and the second one is located in the medullary area. (Ray F. Evert 2006) Cortical bundles are leaf traces that extend over great longitudinal distances in the stem prior to entering the leaves. Two primary vascular bundles, often referred to as medullary bundles, occupy the very center of the stem. These are enclosed by an irregular inner cylinder of similar bundles. Enclosing this cylinder is an outer cylinder of vascular bundles in which cambium develops. Cambial activity results in large, radially extended regions of secondary vascular tissues that are separated from each other by wide ray-like regions of primary parenchyma (often called medullary rays). Upon cessation of activity of an initial vascular cambium, additional cambia differentiate successively to the exterior in cortical tissue. Their activity results in a series of cylinders of secondary vascular tissues, separated by narrow cylinders of parenchyma. Cambial activity results in the production of some secondary xylem and phloem and the consequent increase in their size. Upon cessation of cambial activity in these bundles a new vascular cambium, forming a continuous cylinder, differentiates to the exterior in cortical tissue. The cortical bundle is a vascular system which allows the transportation of water and nutrients through the cortex area. Medullary bundle is a vascular bundle located within the pith or central

ground tissue of a stem. (David F. Cutler, Ted Botha, and Dennis Wm. Stevenson 2007). This cortical and medullary bundles are belong to anomalous of stem because the vascular bundle usually present only in one ring. But, in Cucurbitaceae present two rings of vascular bundle. Many variations of stem primary structure are usually called anomalies. CONCLUSION The different structure of stem anatomy from the usual structure is called by Anomaly. Cucurbitaceae has anomaly structure especially in its vascular bundles arrangement in its stem anatomy. Cucurbitaceae has two rings of vascular bundles. The first one is located in the cortical area and the second one is located in the medullary area BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajb/articl e/viewFile/15014/58918 acessed in April 5th 2012-04-05 at 11.22 a.m.

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