TOPIC 1: IATA 3 LETTER CITY & AIRPORT CODES:

The world map could be divided into the following sections as per International Air Transport Association (IATA) for learning the 3 letter codes: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. NORTH AMERICA CENTRAL AMERICA SOUTH AMERICA EUROPE AFRICA MIDDLE EAST ASIA AUSTRALIA AND THE PACIFIC

In the following table, section wise country/city & airport codes are being listed.

1. NORTH AMERICA

COUNTRY

CITY
CALGARY EDMONTON MONTREAL OTTAWA TORONTO VANCOUVER ATLANTA BOSTON CHICAGO DALLAS DETROIT HOUSTON LOS ANGELES MIAMI NEW YORK

CODES AIRPORT
YYC YEA YMQ YOW YTO YVR ATL BOS CHI DFW DTT HOU LAX MIA NYC INTERNATIONAL MIRABEL PEARSON INTL.

CODES
YEG YMX YYZ

CANADA

O HARE METROPOLITAN INTER CONTINENTAL

ORD DTW IAH

UNITED STATES (USA)

JOHN F. KENNEDY LA GUARDIA NEWARK

JFK LGA EWR

PHILA DELPHIA SAN FRANCISCO SEATTLE WASHINGTON

PHL SFO SEA WAS

DULLES INTERNATIONAL NATIONAL

IAD DCA

2. CENTRAL AMERICA COUNTRY

BAHAMAS BARBADOS COSTA RICA FRENCH WEST INDIES HAITI HONDURAS JAMAICA MEXICO NICARAGUA PANAMA TRINIDAD & TOBAGO

CITY
NASSAU BRIDGETOWN SAN JOES FORT DE FRANCE, MARTINIQUE POINTE-A-PITRE, GUADALOUPE PORT AU PRINCE TEGUCIGALPA KINGSTON ACAPULCO GUADALAJRA MEXICO CITY MANAGUA PANAMA CITY PORT OF SPAIN

CODES AIRPORT
NAS BGI SJO FDF PTP PAP TGU KIN ACA GDL MEX MGA PTY POS

CODES

3. SOUTH AMERICA COUNTRY

ARGENTINA BOLIVIA

CITY
BUENOS AIRES LA PAZ BRASILIA MANAUS RECIFE RIO DE JANEIRO SAO PAULO

CODES AIRPORT
BUE LPB BSB MAO REC RIO SAO SCL BOG UIO ASU LIM PBM MVD CCS MINISTRO PISTARINI

CODES
EZE

BRAZIL

INTERNACIONAL CONGONHAS VIRACOPOS

GIG CGH VCP

CHILE COLOMBIA ECUADOR PARAGUAY PERU SURINAM URUGUAY VENEZUELA

SANTIAGO DE CHILE BOGOTA QUITO ASUNCION LIMA PARAMARIBO MONTEVIDEO CARACAS

4. EUROPE COUNTRY
AUSTRIA BELARUS BELGIUM BULGARIA CROATIA CYPRUS CZECH REPUBLIC DENMARK FINLAND

CITY
VIENNA MINSK BRUSSELS SOFIA ZAGREB LARNACA PRAGUE COPENHAGEN HELSINKI LYON MARSEILLE NICE PARIS

CODES
VIE MSQ BRU SOF ZAG LCA PRG CPH HEL LYS MRS NCE PAR BER

AIRPORT

CODES

FRANCE GERMANY

BERLIN

CHARLES DE GAULLE ORLY TEGEL TEMPELHOF SCHOENENFELD

CDG ORY TXL THF SXF

GREECE HUNGARY ICELAND IRELAND

COLOGNE / BONN DUSSELDORF FRANKFURT HAMBURG MUNICH STUTTGART ATHENS BUDAPEST REYKJAVIK DUBLIN MILAN NAPLES ROME TURIN VENICE MALTA (VALLETA) AMSTERDAM ROTTERDAM OSLO WARSAW LISBON BUCHAREST MOSCOW ST. PETERSBURG LJUBLJANA

CGN DUS FRE HAM MUC STR ATH BUD REK DUB MIL NAP ROM TRN VCE MLA AMS RTM OSL WAW LIS BUH MOW LED LJU

KEFLAVIK INTL. LINATE LEONARDO DA VINCI (FIUMICINO)

KEF LIN FCO

ITALY

MALTA NETHERLANDS NORWAY POLAND PORTUGAL ROMANIA RUSSIAN FEDERATION SLOVENIA

FORNEBU AIRPORT

FBU

OTOPENI SHEREMETYEVO

OTP SVO

SPAIN

SWEDEN SWITZERLAND TURKEY UKRAIN

BARCELONA GRAN CANARIA, LAS PALMAS MADRID MALAGA PALMA DE MALLORCA STOCKHOLM GENEVA ZURICH ANKARA ISTANBUL KIEV BIRMINGHAM EDINBURGH GLASGOW

BCN LPA MAD AGP PMI STO GVA ZRH ANK IST IEV BHX EDI GLA

ARLANDA

ARN

ESENBOGA

ESB

UNITED KINGDOM LONDON LON

HEATHROW GATWICK LONDON CITY LUTON INTERNATIONAL STANSTED

LHR LGW LCY LTN STN

YUGOSLAVIA

MANCHESTER BELGRADE

MAN BEG

5. AFRICA COUNTRY
ALGERIA ANGOLA CAMEROON CONGO COTE D IVOIRE EGYPT ETHIOPIA GABON GHANA GUINEA KENYA LIBERIA LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA MADAGASCAR MALAWI MAURITIUS MOROCCO MOZAMBIQUE NAMIBIA NIGERIA RWANDA SENEGAL SIERRA LEONE SOUTH AFRICA

CITY
ALGIERS LUANDA DOUALA BRAZZAVILLE ABIDJAN CAIRO ADDIS ABABA LIBREVILLE ACCRA CONAKRY NAIROBI MONROVIA TRIPOLI ANTANANARIVO LILONGWE MAURITIUS (PORT LOUIS) CASABLANCA MAPUTO WINDHOEK LAGOS KIGALI DAKAR FREETOWN CAPETOWN DURBAN JOBERG KHARTOUM DAR ES SALAAM TUNIS ENTEBBE KINSHASA LUSAKA HARARE

CODES AIRPORT
ALG LAD DLA BZV ABJ CAI ADD LBV ACC CKY NBO MLW TIP TNR LLW MRU CAS MPU WDH LOS KGL DKR FNA CPT DUR JNB KRT DAR TUN EBB FIH LUN HRE

CODES

SUDAN TANZANIA TUNISIA UGANDA CONGO, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA ZIMBABWE

6. MIDDLE EAST COUNTRY

BAHRAIN IRAN IRAQ ISRAEL JORDON KUWAIT LEBANON QATAR SAUDI ARABIA SYRIA UNITED ARAB, EMIRATES

CITY
BAHRAIN TEHRAN BAGHDAD TEL AVIV AMMAN KUWAIT BEIRUT DOHA JEDDAH RIYADH DAMASCUS ABU DHABI DUBAI

CODES AIRPORT
BAH THR BGW TLV AMM KWI BEY DOH JED RUH DAM AUH DXB

CODES

7. ASIA COUNTRY
AFGHANISTAN BANGLADESH BRUNEI DARUSSALAM CHINA

CITY
KABUL DHAKA BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN GUANGZHOU BEIJING HONG KONG SHANGHAI MUMBAI CALCUTTA DELHI CHENNAI JAKARTA OSAKA TOKYO PYONGYANG SEOUL KUALA LUMPUR ULAN BATOR KATHMANDU KARACHI MANILA OMSK KHABAROVSK SINGAPORE COLOMBO TAIPEI BANGKOK HANOI HO CHI MINH CITY

CODES AIRPORT
KBL DAC BWN CAN BJS HKG SHA BOM CCU DEL MAA JKT OSA TYO FNJ SEL KUL ULN KTM KHI MNL OMS KHV SIN CMB TPE BKK HAN SGN

CODES

CAPITAL

PEK

INDIA INDONESIA JAPAN KOREA, DEMOCRATIC PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF KOREA, REPUBLIC OF MALAYSIA MONGOLIA NEPAL PAKISTAN PHILIPPINES RUSSIAN FEDERATION (EAST OF THE URAL) SINGAPORE SRI LANKA TAIWAN THAILAND VIETNAM

NARITA HANEDA

NRT HND

8. AUSTRALIA AND THE PACIFIC COUNTRY CITY

ADELAIDE BRISBANE CANBERRA MELBOURNE PERTH SYDNEY NADI PAPEETE HONOLULU NOUMEA AUCKLAND CHRISTCHURCH PORT MORESBY

CODES AIRPORT
ADL BNE CBR MEL PER SYD NAN PPT HNL NOU AKL CHC POM

CODES

AUSTRALIA

FIJI FRENCH POLYNESIA HAWAII, USA NEW CALEDONIA NEW ZEALAND PAPUA NEW GUINEA

TOPIC 2: FREEDOM OF AIR

It should be noted, however, that these traffic rights can only be exercised if specifically permitted in the bilateral agreements. Furthermore, a special authorisation is required not only in the bilateral between the two countries, but also in the bilateral between the country of the designated carrier and each of the countries where the intermediate point or a point beyond is situated. If one agreement is missing, the carrier may not have full traffic rights and may loose revenues. Those agreements may be different for regular charter services. For exceptional or single commercial flights, no bilateral agreement is necessary. When filing a flight plan, a single authorization will be automatically issued. All flights for regular air carriers are filed for 6 or 12 months, with the air office of the governments concerned, where the flight will be landing and departing v.v. The following examples will explain more fully the nature of the rights attached to each of the Freedoms of the Air. The examples are concerned with operations of an airline of country A First freedom: The right of an airline of a country (country A) to fly across the territory of another country (country B) without landing (= overfly).

B
OVERFLY

Example:

Flight Airline Origin Destination Right for LH:

LH 3512 Deutsche Lufthansa (from Germany) Frankfurt (Germany) Milan (Italy) To overfly Switzerland

Second freedom:

The right of an airline of a country (country A) to land in the territory of another country (country B) for non-traffic purposes, for instance for refuelling. Although this is very rare today for passenger flights, this freedom is still used for longhaul cargo flights.

TECHNICAL STOP

Example:

Flight Airline Origin Destination Right for JL:

JL 068 Japan Airlines (from Japan) Tokyo (Japan) Rio de Janeiro To make a non-traffic stop in Los Angeles (for refuelling purpose only on its way to Rio de Janeiro)

Third freedom:

The right of an airline of a country (country A) to set down in another country (country B) passengers, mail & cargo coming from the home country of the airline (country A).

PICK UP

SET DOWN

Example:

Flight Airline Origin Destination Right for NZ:

NZ 006 Air New Zealand (from New Zealand) Auckland (New Zealand) Los Angeles (USA) To set down passengers, mail & cargo, from the home country, in foreign country.

Fourth freedom:

The right of an airline of a country (country A) to pick up in another country (country B) passengers, mail & cargo destined for the home country of the airline (country A).

SET DOWN

PICK UP

Example:

Flight Airline Origin Destination Right for AR:

AR 147 Aerolineas Argentinas London (United Kingdom) Buenos Aires (Argentina) To pick up passengers, mail & cargo from a foreign country to the home country.

Fifth freedom:

The right of an airline of a country (country A) to carry passengers, mail & cargo form a point of origin in a foreign country (country B) to a point of destination in another foreign country (country C).

PICK UP

SET DOWN

Example:

Flight Airline Origin Destination Right for QF:

QF 005 Qantas (Australia) Bangkok (Thailand) Amsterdam (Netherlands) To carry passengers, mail & cargo between two foreign countries.

Sixth freedom:

A term sometimes applied to the type of fifth freedom traffic in which passengers, mail & cargo are carried from a point of origin in a foreign country (country B) to a point of destination in another foreign country (country C) via the home country of the airline (country A) .

PICK UP

VIA

SET DOWN

Example:

Flight Airline Origin Destination Via Right for CO:

CO 004 Continental (USA) Mexico City (Mexico) London (United Kingdom) Washington (USA) To carry passengers, mail & cargo between two foreign countries, but via the home country of the airline (normally with a change of aircraft).

Cabotage:

The right to carry traffic wholly within a country or between that country and any of its wholly owned overseas territories, or between any of its wholly owned overseas territories. Not so readily available today as more and more territories become independent and the Cabotage status is automatically relinquished.

PICK UP

SET DOWN

Example:

Flight Airline Origin Destination Right for RK:

RK 008 Air Afrique (Cote d Ivoire) Marseille (France) Paris (France) To carry passengers, mail & cargo wholly within a foreign country.

TOPIC 3: CONVERSION OF IST UTC TIMINGS & VICE VERSA

To convert an UTC time into IST time, we need to add 0530 hrs with UTC time e.g. 1326 UTC = ???? IST

1326 UTC + 0530 hrs _________________ 1856 hrs in IST

To convert an IST time into UTC time, we need to substract 0530 hrs from IST time e.g. 1326 IST = ???? UTC

1326 IST - 0530 hrs _________________ 0756 UTC