Angle Modulation Reception it deals with FM and PM demodulation of the received signal.

. Reception Conversion of transmitted radio waves or electric signals into perceptible forms by means of antennas and electronic equipment. FM Receiver

Slope Detector simplest form of tuned-circuit frequency discriminator Single ended slope has the most nonlinear voltage-versus-frequency characteristics seldom used Convert FM to AM - - > demodulate AM envelope with conventional peak detectors Circuit consist of a tuned circuit and an AM detector Disadvantages (a) Schematic diagram 1. Gain is reduced (b) Voltage-versus-Frequency response curve 2. Difficult to achieve a linear slope response curve Foster Seeley Discriminator Also called phase shift discriminator (tunedcircuit frequency discriminator) operation very similar to the balanced slope detector Is tuned by injecting a frequency equal to the IF center frequency and tuning C0 for 0 volts out. Output voltage is directly proportional to the magnitude and direction of the frequency deviation. Output voltage-versus-frequency deviation curve is more linear than that of a slope detector because there is only one tank circuit, (a) Schematic diagram (b) Voltage-versus-Frequency curve Balance Slope Detector - - -> easier to tune. For distortion less demodulation, the frequency deviation should be restricted to the linear portion of the secondary tunedcircuit frequency response curve.

Fm Demodulators Demodulation should provide an output signal whose amplitude is dependent on the instantaneous carrier frequency deviation and whose frequency is dependent on the rate of the carrier frequency change. df c df c Vm and f m dt dt

Figure: FM Characteristics Curve

 Responds to amplitude as well as frequency variations and, therefore, must be preceded by a separate limiter circuit.

Therefore, the time constant for Rs and Cs is sufficiently long so that rapid changes in the amplitude of the input signal due to thermal noise or other interfering signals are shorted to ground and have no effect on the average voltage across Cs.

(a) Schematic diagram (b) Vector diagram, fin = fo; (b) fin > fo; (c) fin < fo Ratio Detector Advantage: Relatively immune to amplitude variations in its input signal. Figure RD (a) shows the schematic diagram for a ratio detector. Same as the Foster-Seeley discriminator but with 3 limiting changes. D2 has been reversed and current (Id) flow through the outermost loop of the circuit. Shunt capacitor, Cs charges to approximately the peak voltage across the secondary winding of T1. The reactance of Cs is low, and Rs simply provides a dc path for diode current.

(a) Schematic diagram (b) Voltage-versus-Frequency response curve PHASE LOCKED LOOP (PLL) FM demodulation can be accomplished quite simply with a phase-locked loop (PLL). PLL FM demodulator is probably the simplest and easiest to understand. A PLL frequency demodulator requires no tuned circuits and automatically compensates for changes in the carrier frequency due to instability in the transmit oscillator. Figure PLL (a) shows the simplified block diagram for a PLL FM demodulator. (a) Block diagram for a PLL FM demodulator. (b) PLL FM demodulator using the XR-2212 PLL.

Prepared by: David Harold Cabangisan Justin Importa Melvin Perez