TENSES REVIEW

A. Present Tenses Peristiwa atau kegiatannya masih ada hubungannya dengan waktu sekarang. Macamnya ada 4, yaitu: 1. Simple Present Tense 3. Present Perfect Tense 2. Present Continuous Tense 4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense 1. Simple Present Tense a. Rumusnya: Subject He, She, It, Noun (singular) I, You, We, They, Noun (plural) Predicate Verb-1 + s/es/ies Verb-1 Complement Object/Adverb Object/Adverb

b. Penggunaan Dipakai untuk menyatakan kebiasaan (habitual action) sampai saat ini. Ciri katanya: always, usually, sometimes, often, seldom, hardly, scarcely, dan rarely atau everyday, every week, every month, every year, dan lain-lain. Juga untuk menyatakan hal-hal yang bersifat umum/abadi (general truth). Contoh: - Ali goes to mosque every Friday. - They watch TV every evening. - I often write a letter to my mother. - Water freezes at 0 Celcius. - Children need love and attention. - The earth revolves around the sun once in every 365 days. - I dont go to the movie every night. - He doesnt come here often. - Do you believe what he says? - Does your mother go to the market everyday? - Where do you live? - What does Mr. Amir teach you? - How many time a week does she teach you English? - When does your father usually have tea? 2. Present Continuous Tense a. Rumusnya: Subject He, She, It, Noun (singular) I You, We, They, Noun (plural) Predicate is + Verb1 + ing am + Verb1 + ing are + Verb1 + ing Complement Object/Adverb Object/Adverb Object/Adverb

b. Penggunaan Digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan atau peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung saat ini. Penandanya (adverb of time) : now, at this moment, at present, dan lain-lain. Contoh: I am reading a novel at the moment. We are listening to the teacher at present. You cant see Tom now, he is having a bath. I am not studying English now. Is Mr. Budi listening to a radio now? Are you studying grammar this semester? Why is the boy crying? Whom is Erlina waiting for? Where are you studying? How many boys are studying mathematics? 3. Present Perfect Tense a. Rumusnya : Subject He, She, It, Noun (singular) I, You, We, They, Noun (plural) Predicate Has + Verb-3 (been) Have + Verb-3 (been) Complement Object/Adverb Object/Adverb

c. Penggunaan Digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan atau peristiwa yang baru selesai dilakukan. Cirinya: just, already, ever, never, dan yet. Contoh: He has already finished his homework before you come (+). I havent seen that film yet (-). I have received many letters this month. Have you ever been to Bali? Has Hardi locked the gate? Where has the dog slept? Why have the children gone to the zoo? Who has helped you? 4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense a. Rumusnya: Subject He, She, It, Noun (singular) I, You, We, They, Noun (plural) Predicate Has + been + Verb1 + ing Have + been + Verb1 + ing Complement Object/Adverb Object/Adverb

b. Penggunaan Digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa kegiatan atau peristiwa sudah dimulai pada waktu yang lalu tetapi masih berlangsung sampai saat ini. Cirinya diantaranya adalah : FOR + jumlah waktu atau SINCE + titik waktu. Juga pertanyaan How long ? Contoh: - I have been studying English for three years. - I have been studying English since I was a child. - How long have you been studying English? - She has been waiting for you for two weeks. - She has been waiting for you since two weeks ago. - How long has she been waiting for you? - The students have been discussing their lesson for two hours. - The students have been discussing their lesson since two hours ago. - I havent been working on lesson six long. - Have you been reading a magazine in the classroom? - What have you been doing since six oclock? - How long have the students been discussing their lesson? Past Tenses Merupakan bentuk kalimat yang menyatakan peristiwa atau kegiatan terjadi pada waktu lalu. Jenisnya ada 4 macam, yaitu: 1. Simple Past Tense 3. Past Perfect Tense 2. Past Continuous Tense 4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense 1. Simple Past Tense a. Rumusnya ada 2 yaitu: Subject + Verb-2 + Object (Complement) atau: Subject He, She, It, I, Noun (singular) You, We, They, Noun (plural) to be was were Complement Noun/Adjective/Adverb Noun/Adjective/Adverb

b. Penggunaannya: Simple past tense, dipakai bila tidak diketahui bagaimana kegiatan atau peristiwa itu selanjutnya. Ciri katanya: yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last year, two days ago, an hour ago, this morning (jika diucapkan setelah pagi), just now (apabila baru saja diucapkan). Contoh: - They played pocker last night. - I broke a cup. 3

We made this kite yesterday. She was ill last week. You were absent yesterday.

- I didnt break a cup. - How did you get your present job? - I sneezed while the President was speaking.

2. Past Continuous Tense a. Rumusnya: Subject + was/were + Verb1-ing + Object (Complement) b. Penggunaannya: 1) Digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu peristiwa sedang berlangsung ketika kegiatan lain terjadi pada waktu lalu. Jadi, berupa kalimat majemuk. 2) Biasanya ditandai dengan WHEN atau WHILE. Contoh: - I was reading a novel WHEN she came. - They discussed their lesson WHEN I was watching TV. - She was washing the plates WHILE we were cooking the meal. - My brother played guitar WHILE John was writing a letter. - WHEN she was walking on the street, she found a walled. - While he was sleeping, I was listening to the BBC News. - When the students were doing the test, the teacher was sitting in front of the class. - Who was singing WHILE Albert was playing the guitar? 3. Past Perfect Tense a. Rumusnya: Subject + had + Verb-3 (been) + Object (Complement) b. Penggunaanya: 1) Digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa kegiatan atau peristiwa sudah selesai sebelum kegiatan lain terjadi pada waktu lalu. Past Perfect Tense juga digunakan untuk membentuk kalimat majemuk. 2) Biasanya ditandai dengan BEFORE atau AFTER. Contoh: Before she went out, she had locked the door. We had been there before he arrived. The man had finished the work before she entered the room. They continued to study after they had taken a rest. After you had signed the letter, he gave it to me. After I had read the announcement, I wrote an article. The paper boy went home after he had delivered the newspapers. Before I met him, I had made an appointment with him. You had watered the flowers before it rained.

The lady looked so sad after she had heard the bad news. Ali hadnt heard the news before you told him. Had he known the country before he visited it?

4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense a. Rumusnya: Subject + had + been + Verb1-ing + Object (Complement) b. Penggunaannya: 1) Digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan atau peristiwa yang masih sedang dilakukan pada waktu lalu atau ketika/sebelum kegiatan lain terjadi pada waktu lalu. 2) Biasanya ada FOR + BANYAK WAKTU atau SINCE + TITIK WAKTU. Contoh: We had been studying English for 2 years last vacation. Yesterday, she had been waiting for the bus for 5 hours. We had been watching TV for half an hour when you came. He had been painting for all day before I took his dinner. When they visited me, I had been living in this town for 10 years. The students had been discussing the assignment for 15 minutes before the teacher began the lesson. Had the children been watching television before they were sent to bed?

B. Future Tenses Merupakan bentuk kalimat yang menyatakan suatu kegiatan atau peristiwa yang direncanakan akan terjadi pada waktu yang akan datang. Dibedakan atas 4 jenis, yaitu: 1. Future Tense 3. Future Perfect Tense 2. Future Continuous Tense 4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense 1. Future Tense a. Rumusnya: Subject + shall/will + Verb-1 (be) + Object (Complement)

Untuk yang segera terjadi: Subject + am/is/are + going to + Verb-1 (be) + Object (Complement)

b. Ciri katanya: Biasanya memakai kata: Tomorrow, next week, soon, later, tonight.

Contoh: - They will play tennis tomorrow. - We shall see this film tonight. - I am going to leave for London. - I shall be twenty-one on Sunday. - Tomorrow will be Monday. - Will you help me to get the mathematics book? - Ali will not ( wont) finish the work soon. - What will the children do this afternoon? - Why shall you stay at home tonight? - How much money will Endah spend at Taman Monas? Catatan: 1) will = ll, misalnya Ill, well. 2) will not dapat ditulis wont; shall not dapat ditulis shant. 2. Future Continuous Tense Subject + shall/will + be (Complement) + Verb1-ing + Object

Contoh: - At seven oclock tomorrow morning I shall be having breakfast. - What will you be doing at ten tonight? - I shall be waiting for you in my room after supper/dinner. - Anik will be visiting us tomorrow. - I believe he will be coming this way. - I shall be seeing him tomorrow. - The sun will be shining in a minute. - Will Mrs. Hasan be cooking the meals in half an hour? - How many students will be joining our club? - What will you be doing tomorrow? 3. Future Perfect Tense

Subject + shall/will + have + Verb-3 + Object (Complement) Contoh: - I shall have seen it. - By tomorrow, every one will have heard the news. - I shall have finished this by dinner time. - Will he have been selling all his furniture by next month? 4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Subject + shall/will (Complement)

have

been + Verb1-ing + Object

Contoh: - I shall have been working. - By next summer, she will have been teaching here for ten years. - On April 2-nd. 2003, we shall have been living in this house exactly thirty years. ---000---